/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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 * questions.
 */

package sun.misc;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;


/**
 * A simple service-provider lookup mechanism.  A <i>service</i> is a
 * well-known set of interfaces and (usually abstract) classes.  A <i>service
 * provider</i> is a specific implementation of a service.  The classes in a
 * provider typically implement the interfaces and subclass the classes defined
 * in the service itself.  Service providers may be installed in an
 * implementation of the Java platform in the form of extensions, that is, jar
 * files placed into any of the usual extension directories.  Providers may
 * also be made available by adding them to the applet or application class
 * path or by some other platform-specific means.
 *
 * <p> In this lookup mechanism a service is represented by an interface or an
 * abstract class.  (A concrete class may be used, but this is not
 * recommended.)  A provider of a given service contains one or more concrete
 * classes that extend this <i>service class</i> with data and code specific to
 * the provider.  This <i>provider class</i> will typically not be the entire
 * provider itself but rather a proxy that contains enough information to
 * decide whether the provider is able to satisfy a particular request together
 * with code that can create the actual provider on demand.  The details of
 * provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no single class or
 * interface could possibly unify them, so no such class has been defined.  The
 * only requirement enforced here is that provider classes must have a
 * zero-argument constructor so that they may be instantiated during lookup.
 *
 * <p> A service provider identifies itself by placing a provider-configuration
 * file in the resource directory <tt>META-INF/services</tt>.  The file's name
 * should consist of the fully-qualified name of the abstract service class.
 * The file should contain a list of fully-qualified concrete provider-class
 * names, one per line.  Space and tab characters surrounding each name, as
 * well as blank lines, are ignored.  The comment character is <tt>'#'</tt>
 * (<tt>0x23</tt>); on each line all characters following the first comment
 * character are ignored.  The file must be encoded in UTF-8.
 *
 * <p> If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one
 * configuration file, or is named in the same configuration file more than
 * once, then the duplicates will be ignored.  The configuration file naming a
 * particular provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution
 * unit as the provider itself.  The provider must be accessible from the same
 * class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file;
 * note that this is not necessarily the class loader that found the file.
 *
 * <p> <b>Example:</b> Suppose we have a service class named
 * <tt>java.io.spi.CharCodec</tt>.  It has two abstract methods:
 *
 * <pre>
 *   public abstract CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName);
 *   public abstract CharDecoder getDecoder(String encodingName);
 * </pre>
 *
 * Each method returns an appropriate object or <tt>null</tt> if it cannot
 * translate the given encoding.  Typical <tt>CharCodec</tt> providers will
 * support more than one encoding.
 *
 * <p> If <tt>sun.io.StandardCodec</tt> is a provider of the <tt>CharCodec</tt>
 * service then its jar file would contain the file
 * <tt>META-INF/services/java.io.spi.CharCodec</tt>.  This file would contain
 * the single line:
 *
 * <pre>
 *   sun.io.StandardCodec    # Standard codecs for the platform
 * </pre>
 *
 * To locate an encoder for a given encoding name, the internal I/O code would
 * do something like this:
 *
 * <pre>
 *   CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName) {
 *       Iterator ps = Service.providers(CharCodec.class);
 *       while (ps.hasNext()) {
 *           CharCodec cc = (CharCodec)ps.next();
 *           CharEncoder ce = cc.getEncoder(encodingName);
 *           if (ce != null)
 *               return ce;
 *       }
 *       return null;
 *   }
 * </pre>
 *
 * The provider-lookup mechanism always executes in the security context of the
 * caller.  Trusted system code should typically invoke the methods in this
 * class from within a privileged security context.
 *
 * @author Mark Reinhold
 * @since 1.3
 */

public final class Service<S> {

    private static final String prefix = "META-INF/services/";

    private Service() { }

    private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg, Throwable cause)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        ServiceConfigurationError sce
            = new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
        sce.initCause(cause);
        throw sce;
    }

    private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
    }

    private static void fail(Class<?> service, URL u, int line, String msg)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        fail(service, u + ":" + line + ": " + msg);
    }

    /**
     * Parse a single line from the given configuration file, adding the name
     * on the line to both the names list and the returned set iff the name is
     * not already a member of the returned set.
     */
    private static int parseLine(Class<?> service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc,
                                 List<String> names, Set<String> returned)
        throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        String ln = r.readLine();
        if (ln == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
        if (ci >= 0) ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
        ln = ln.trim();
        int n = ln.length();
        if (n != 0) {
            if ((ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0) || (ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0))
                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
            int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
            if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp))
                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
            for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
                cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
                if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && (cp != '.'))
                    fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
            }
            if (!returned.contains(ln)) {
                names.add(ln);
                returned.add(ln);
            }
        }
        return lc + 1;
    }

    /**
     * Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file.
     *
     * @param  service
     *         The service class for which providers are being sought;
     *         used to construct error detail strings
     *
     * @param  url
     *         The URL naming the configuration file to be parsed
     *
     * @param  returned
     *         A Set containing the names of provider classes that have already
     *         been returned.  This set will be updated to contain the names
     *         that will be yielded from the returned <tt>Iterator</tt>.
     *
     * @return A (possibly empty) <tt>Iterator</tt> that will yield the
     *         provider-class names in the given configuration file that are
     *         not yet members of the returned set
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError
     *         If an I/O error occurs while reading from the given URL, or
     *         if a configuration-file format error is detected
     */
    private static Iterator<String> parse(Class<?> service, URL u, Set<String> returned)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        InputStream in = null;
        BufferedReader r = null;
        ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            in = u.openStream();
            r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
            int lc = 1;
            while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names, returned)) >= 0);
        } catch (IOException x) {
            fail(service, ": " + x);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (r != null) r.close();
                if (in != null) in.close();
            } catch (IOException y) {
                fail(service, ": " + y);
            }
        }
        return names.iterator();
    }


    /**
     * Private inner class implementing fully-lazy provider lookup
     */
    private static class LazyIterator<S> implements Iterator<S> {

        Class<S> service;
        ClassLoader loader;
        Enumeration<URL> configs = null;
        Iterator<String> pending = null;
        Set<String> returned = new TreeSet<>();
        String nextName = null;

        private LazyIterator(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader) {
            this.service = service;
            this.loader = loader;
        }

        public boolean hasNext() throws ServiceConfigurationError {
            if (nextName != null) {
                return true;
            }
            if (configs == null) {
                try {
                    String fullName = prefix + service.getName();
                    if (loader == null)
                        configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
                    else
                        configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
                } catch (IOException x) {
                    fail(service, ": " + x);
                }
            }
            while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
                if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
                    return false;
                }
                pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement(), returned);
            }
            nextName = pending.next();
            return true;
        }

        public S next() throws ServiceConfigurationError {
            if (!hasNext()) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            String cn = nextName;
            nextName = null;
            Class<?> c = null;
            try {
                c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
                fail(service,
                     "Provider " + cn + " not found");
            }
            if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
                fail(service,
                     "Provider " + cn  + " not a subtype");
            }
            try {
                return service.cast(c.newInstance());
            } catch (Throwable x) {
                fail(service,
                     "Provider " + cn + " could not be instantiated",
                     x);
            }
            return null;        /* This cannot happen */
        }

        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

    }


    /**
     * Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a
     * given service using the given class loader.
     *
     * <p> This method transforms the name of the given service class into a
     * provider-configuration filename as described above and then uses the
     * <tt>getResources</tt> method of the given class loader to find all
     * available files with that name.  These files are then read and parsed to
     * produce a list of provider-class names.  The iterator that is returned
     * uses the given class loader to lookup and then instantiate each element
     * of the list.
     *
     * <p> Because it is possible for extensions to be installed into a running
     * Java virtual machine, this method may return different results each time
     * it is invoked. <p>
     *
     * @param  service
     *         The service's abstract service class
     *
     * @param  loader
     *         The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files
     *         and instantiate provider classes, or <tt>null</tt> if the system
     *         class loader (or, failing that the bootstrap class loader) is to
     *         be used
     *
     * @return An <tt>Iterator</tt> that yields provider objects for the given
     *         service, in some arbitrary order.  The iterator will throw a
     *         <tt>ServiceConfigurationError</tt> if a provider-configuration
     *         file violates the specified format or if a provider class cannot
     *         be found and instantiated.
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError
     *         If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format
     *         or names a provider class that cannot be found and instantiated
     *
     * @see #providers(java.lang.Class)
     * @see #installedProviders(java.lang.Class)
     */
    public static <S> Iterator<S> providers(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        return new LazyIterator<S>(service, loader);
    }


    /**
     * Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a
     * given service using the context class loader.  This convenience method
     * is equivalent to
     *
     * <pre>
     *   ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     *   return Service.providers(service, cl);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param  service
     *         The service's abstract service class
     *
     * @return An <tt>Iterator</tt> that yields provider objects for the given
     *         service, in some arbitrary order.  The iterator will throw a
     *         <tt>ServiceConfigurationError</tt> if a provider-configuration
     *         file violates the specified format or if a provider class cannot
     *         be found and instantiated.
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError
     *         If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format
     *         or names a provider class that cannot be found and instantiated
     *
     * @see #providers(java.lang.Class, java.lang.ClassLoader)
     */
    public static <S> Iterator<S> providers(Class<S> service)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        return Service.providers(service, cl);
    }


    /**
     * Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a
     * given service using the extension class loader.  This convenience method
     * simply locates the extension class loader, call it
     * <tt>extClassLoader</tt>, and then does
     *
     * <pre>
     *   return Service.providers(service, extClassLoader);
     * </pre>
     *
     * If the extension class loader cannot be found then the system class
     * loader is used; if there is no system class loader then the bootstrap
     * class loader is used.
     *
     * @param  service
     *         The service's abstract service class
     *
     * @return An <tt>Iterator</tt> that yields provider objects for the given
     *         service, in some arbitrary order.  The iterator will throw a
     *         <tt>ServiceConfigurationError</tt> if a provider-configuration
     *         file violates the specified format or if a provider class cannot
     *         be found and instantiated.
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError
     *         If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format
     *         or names a provider class that cannot be found and instantiated
     *
     * @see #providers(java.lang.Class, java.lang.ClassLoader)
     */
    public static <S> Iterator<S> installedProviders(Class<S> service)
        throws ServiceConfigurationError
    {
        ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        ClassLoader prev = null;
        while (cl != null) {
            prev = cl;
            cl = cl.getParent();
        }
        return Service.providers(service, prev);
    }

}