| # |
| # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
| # |
| # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
| # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
| # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this |
| # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided |
| # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. |
| # |
| # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
| # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
| # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
| # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
| # accompanied this code). |
| # |
| # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
| # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
| # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
| # |
| # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA |
| # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any |
| # questions. |
| # |
| # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
| # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
| |
| # This file also includes Pacific islands. |
| |
| # Notes are at the end of this file |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # Australia |
| |
| # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
| |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D |
| Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S |
| Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D |
| Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S |
| Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D |
| Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
| # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
| # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
| |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| # Northern Territory |
| Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 9:30 Aus AC%sT |
| # Western Australia |
| # |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
| 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul |
| 8:00 AW AW%sT |
| Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
| 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul |
| 8:45 AW ACW%sT |
| |
| # Queensland |
| # |
| # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
| # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
| # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
| # Queensland ceased to. |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
| # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
| # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
| # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
| # so use Lindeman. |
| # |
| # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): |
| # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday |
| # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the |
| # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and |
| # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone |
| # applies to all of the Whitsundays. |
| # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands |
| # |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 10:00 AQ AE%sT |
| Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
| 10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
| |
| # South Australia |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
| 9:30 AS AC%sT |
| |
| # Tasmania |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
| # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
| # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
| # |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
| 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
| 10:00 AT AE%sT |
| Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
| 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
| 10:00 AT AE%sT |
| |
| # Victoria |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 10:00 AV AE%sT |
| |
| # New South Wales |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 10:00 AN AE%sT |
| Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
| 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
| 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
| 9:30 AS AC%sT |
| |
| # Lord Howe Island |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
| Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D |
| Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
| Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
| Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
| Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
| Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D |
| Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
| 10:30 LH LH%sT |
| |
| # Australian miscellany |
| # |
| # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
| # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
| # no times are set |
| # |
| # Coral Sea Is |
| # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
| # no times are set |
| # |
| # Macquarie |
| # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; |
| # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the |
| # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island |
| # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 |
| # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 |
| # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. |
| # |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): |
| # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: |
| # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not |
| # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do |
| # on 4 April. |
| # |
| # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): |
| # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics |
| # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; |
| # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by |
| # pre-2013 versions of localtime. |
| Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov |
| 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s |
| 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 |
| 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
| 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 |
| 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time |
| |
| # Christmas |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time |
| |
| # Cocos (Keeling) Is |
| # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
| # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
| 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time |
| |
| |
| # Fiji |
| |
| # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. |
| |
| # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
| # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
| # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
| # |
| # "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
| # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
| # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
| # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
| # amendments: |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
| # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
| # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
| # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
| # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
| # |
| # Official source: |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
| # |
| # A bit more background info here: |
| # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
| |
| # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
| # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
| # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
| # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
| # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
| # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
| # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
| # |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| # which says |
| # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
| # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
| # 2am on February 26 next year. |
| |
| # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
| # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
| # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
| # |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| # states: |
| # |
| # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
| # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
| # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
| # on the 23rd of October, 2011. |
| |
| # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: |
| # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate |
| # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st |
| # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 |
| |
| # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: |
| # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... |
| # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): |
| # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx |
| |
| # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): |
| # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx |
| |
| # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 |
| # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), |
| # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): |
| # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time |
| # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at |
| # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): |
| # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to |
| # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches |
| # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future |
| # practice than guessing no DST. |
| |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - |
| Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - |
| Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - |
| Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
| 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time |
| |
| # French Polynesia |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
| -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time |
| Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
| -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time |
| Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
| -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time |
| # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
| # it is uninhabited. |
| |
| # Guam |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
| 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
| 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
| 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
| Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is |
| |
| # Kiribati |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
| 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time |
| Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
| -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time |
| -11:00 - PHOT 1995 |
| 13:00 - PHOT |
| Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
| -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time |
| -10:00 - LINT 1995 |
| 14:00 - LINT |
| |
| # N Mariana Is |
| # See Pacific/Guam. |
| |
| # Marshall Is |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
| 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time |
| 12:00 - MHT |
| Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct |
| -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time |
| 12:00 - MHT |
| |
| # Micronesia |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
| 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time |
| Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
| 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time |
| Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
| 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time |
| 12:00 - KOST 1999 |
| 11:00 - KOST |
| |
| # Nauru |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
| 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time |
| 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 |
| 11:30 - NRT 1979 May |
| 12:00 - NRT |
| |
| # New Caledonia |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
| Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
| Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa |
| 11:00 NC NC%sT |
| |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # New Zealand |
| |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
| Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
| Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
| Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
| Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
| Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
| # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no |
| # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition |
| # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. |
| Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
| Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S |
| Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
| Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
| Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D |
| Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
| Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S |
| Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
| Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
| 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
| 12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
| Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
| 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 |
| 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT |
| |
| Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo |
| |
| # Auckland Is |
| # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
| # and scientific personnel have wintered |
| |
| # Campbell I |
| # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
| # scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
| # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
| # was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
| |
| # Cook Is |
| # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS |
| Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
| Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
| -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time |
| -10:00 Cook CK%sT |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| |
| # Niue |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
| -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time |
| -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 |
| -11:00 - NUT |
| |
| # Norfolk |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
| 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time |
| 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. |
| 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 |
| 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 |
| 11:00 - NFT |
| |
| # Palau (Belau) |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror |
| 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time |
| |
| # Papua New Guinea |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
| 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
| 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): |
| # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have |
| # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. |
| # |
| # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates |
| # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. |
| # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. |
| # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, |
| # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia |
| # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm |
| # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. |
| # |
| # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 |
| # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; |
| # abbreviate this as BST. See: |
| # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ |
| # |
| Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 |
| 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul |
| 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 |
| 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 |
| 11:00 - BST |
| |
| # Pitcairn |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
| -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 |
| -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time |
| |
| # American Samoa |
| Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
| -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
| -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
| -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
| -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
| Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands |
| |
| # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
| # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
| # the following info: |
| # |
| # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
| # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
| # Sunday of April 2011." |
| # |
| # Background info: |
| # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
| # |
| # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
| # contain any dates: |
| # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
| |
| # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
| # Please see |
| # http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
| # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
| # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
| # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
| # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
| |
| # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
| # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
| # |
| # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
| # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
| # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
| # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
| |
| # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
| # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
| # |
| # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
| # The International Date Line Act 2011 |
| # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
| # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
| # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
| # accordingly. |
| |
| # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
| # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
| # |
| # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
| # |
| # DST |
| # Year End Time Start Time |
| # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
| # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
| # |
| # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
| # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
| # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
| # |
| # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
| # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
| # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
| # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
| # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
| # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
| |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D |
| Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S |
| Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D |
| Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S |
| Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
| -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
| -11:30 - WSST 1950 |
| -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa |
| 13:00 WS WS%sT |
| |
| # Solomon Is |
| # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
| 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time |
| |
| # Tokelau Is |
| # |
| # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) |
| # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping |
| # December 31 this year ... |
| # |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) |
| # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking |
| # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... |
| # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change |
| # actually was to UTC-11 back then. |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) |
| # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of |
| # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, |
| # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau |
| # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger |
| # are off by an hour starting in 1901. |
| |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
| -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time |
| 13:00 - TKT |
| |
| # Tonga |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S |
| Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
| Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time |
| 13:00 - TOT 1999 |
| 13:00 Tonga TO%sT |
| |
| # Tuvalu |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
| 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time |
| |
| |
| # US minor outlying islands |
| |
| # Howland, Baker |
| # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
| # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
| # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
| # uninhabited thereafter. |
| # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; |
| # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
| # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
| # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
| # until they were abandoned after the war. |
| |
| # Jarvis |
| # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
| # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
| # uninhabited thereafter. |
| # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
| |
| # Johnston |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): |
| # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. |
| # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so |
| # treat it like Hawaii for now. |
| # |
| # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 |
| # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, |
| # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM |
| # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and |
| # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. |
| # |
| # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): |
| # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used |
| # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, |
| # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the |
| # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last |
| # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, |
| # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the |
| # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. |
| # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf |
| # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a |
| # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time |
| # Minus One Hour". |
| # |
| # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. |
| |
| # Kingman |
| # uninhabited |
| |
| # Midway |
| # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. |
| |
| # Palmyra |
| # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
| |
| # Wake |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
| 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time |
| |
| |
| # Vanuatu |
| # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
| Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
| Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
| Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
| 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time |
| |
| # Wallis and Futuna |
| # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # NOTES |
| |
| # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
| # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
| # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
| # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): |
| # |
| # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
| # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
| # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
| # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
| # |
| # Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
| # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
| # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
| # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
| # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
| # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
| # |
| # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
| # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
| # I found in the UCLA library. |
| # |
| # For data circa 1899, a common source is: |
| # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. |
| # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 |
| # |
| # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
| # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
| # |
| # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; |
| # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
| # Corrections are welcome! |
| # std dst |
| # LMT Local Mean Time |
| # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
| # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* |
| # 9:00 JST Japan |
| # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
| # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
| # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
| # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* |
| # 11:00 BST Bougainville* |
| # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
| # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
| # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* |
| # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* |
| # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* |
| # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* |
| # -11:00 SST Samoa |
| # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
| # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
| # |
| # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
| # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # Australia |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
| # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
| # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
| # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
| # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
| # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
| # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
| # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
| # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
| # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
| # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
| # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
| # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
| # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
| # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
| # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
| # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving |
| # covers New South Wales in particular. |
| |
| # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
| # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
| # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
| # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
| # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
| # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
| # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
| # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
| # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
| # time'. |
| # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
| # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
| # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
| # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
| # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
| # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
| # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
| # |
| # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
| # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
| # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
| # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
| # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
| # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
| # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
| # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
| # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
| # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
| # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
| # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
| # |
| # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
| # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
| # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
| # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
| # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
| # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
| # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
| # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
| # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
| # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
| # |
| # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
| # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
| # |
| # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
| # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
| # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
| # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
| # |
| # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
| # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
| # |
| # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
| # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
| # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
| # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
| # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
| # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
| # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
| # |
| # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
| # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
| # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
| # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
| # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
| # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
| # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
| # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
| # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
| # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
| # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
| # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
| # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
| # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
| # |
| # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
| # |
| # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
| # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
| # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
| # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
| # |
| # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
| # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
| # EST CST WST EDT CDT |
| # |
| # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
| # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
| # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
| # |
| # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
| # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
| # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
| # |
| # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
| # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
| # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
| # |
| # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
| # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
| # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
| # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
| # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
| # appear in reports of events with international implications. |
| # |
| # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
| # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
| # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
| # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
| # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
| # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
| # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
| # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
| # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
| # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
| # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
| # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
| # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
| # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
| # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
| |
| # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
| # |
| # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
| # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
| # relevant entries in this database. |
| # |
| # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
| # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
| # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html |
| # ACT |
| # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
| # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html |
| # SA |
| # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
| # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html |
| |
| # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
| # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
| # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
| # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
| # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
| # |
| # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
| # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
| # to extend DST together in 2006. |
| # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
| # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
| # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
| # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
| # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
| # allude to it. |
| # But not Queensland |
| # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html |
| |
| # Northern Territory |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
| # ... |
| # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
| |
| # Western Australia |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
| # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
| # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
| # # before reaching parliament. |
| # ... |
| # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
| # ... |
| # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
| # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
| |
| # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
| # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
| # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
| # work at 9.00am.) |
| # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
| # everybody again. |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
| # it matches what was used in the past. |
| |
| # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
| # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm |
| # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
| # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
| |
| # Queensland |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
| # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
| # ... |
| # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
| # ... |
| # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
| # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
| # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
| # October 1989). |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
| # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
| |
| # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
| # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
| # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
| # me.) |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
| # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
| # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
| # ... |
| # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
| # ... |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
| |
| # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
| # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
| # WA are trialing DST for three years. |
| # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
| # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
| # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
| # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
| # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
| # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
| # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
| # Australia and Western Australia.... |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
| # This is confirmed by the section entitled |
| # "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
| # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html |
| # |
| # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
| # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
| # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
| # coast of the continent. |
| # |
| # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
| # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
| # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
| # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
| # the largest population centre in this zone.... |
| # |
| # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
| # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
| # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
| # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
| # |
| # (2006-12-09): |
| # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
| # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
| # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
| # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
| # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
| # introduction of standard time in 1895. |
| |
| |
| # southeast Australia |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
| # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
| # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
| |
| |
| # South Australia |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
| # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| # ... |
| # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
| # ... |
| # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
| # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
| # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
| # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
| # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
| # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
| |
| # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
| # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
| # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
| # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
| # is on... |
| |
| # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
| # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
| # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
| # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
| |
| # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
| # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
| # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
| # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
| |
| # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
| # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
| # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
| # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| |
| # Tasmania |
| |
| # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
| # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| |
| # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
| # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
| # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
| # (but nothing new about that). |
| |
| # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
| # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
| # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
| # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
| # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
| # instead of the first Sunday in October. |
| |
| # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
| # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| |
| # Victoria |
| |
| # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
| # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| |
| # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
| # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
| # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
| # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
| # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
| # in Melbourne, Australia. |
| # |
| # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
| # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
| # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
| # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
| # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
| # expected time. |
| # |
| # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
| # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
| # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
| # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
| # |
| # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
| # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| |
| # New South Wales |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson: |
| # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
| # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
| # who notes: |
| # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
| # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
| # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
| # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
| # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
| # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
| |
| # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
| # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
| # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, |
| # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). |
| # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
| # See the following official NSW source: |
| # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
| # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ |
| # |
| # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
| # daylight saving next year. See: |
| # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
| # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm |
| # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
| # |
| # Victoria will following NSW. See: |
| # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
| # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm |
| # |
| # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
| # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
| # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm |
| # |
| # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
| # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
| # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm |
| # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
| # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
| # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
| # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
| # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
| # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
| # |
| # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
| # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
| # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm |
| |
| # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
| # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
| # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
| |
| # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
| # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
| # towns to use Queensland time. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| |
| # Yancowinna |
| |
| # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
| # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
| # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
| # ... |
| # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
| # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
| # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
| # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
| # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
| # # presently available. |
| # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
| # ... |
| # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
| # [followed by other Rules] |
| |
| # Lord Howe Island |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
| # [ Dec 1990 ] |
| # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
| # hour ahead of NSW time. |
| |
| # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
| # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
| # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
| # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
| # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
| # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
| # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents |
| # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
| # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
| # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
| |
| # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
| # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
| # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
| # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
| # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
| # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
| # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): |
| # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight |
| # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 |
| # summer (southern hemisphere). |
| # |
| # From |
| # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf |
| # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling |
| # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. |
| # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each |
| # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. |
| # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia |
| # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and |
| # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... |
| # |
| # We have a wrap-up here: |
| # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # New Zealand |
| |
| # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
| # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
| # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
| # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
| # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
| |
| # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
| # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
| # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
| # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| # ... |
| # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
| # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
| # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
| # ... |
| # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
| # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
| # rather than the October 1 value. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
| # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
| # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
| # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
| # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
| # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
| # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. |
| # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
| # |
| # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
| # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
| # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
| |
| # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
| # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
| # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
| # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
| # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): |
| # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by |
| # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). |
| # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf |
| # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand |
| # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard |
| # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New |
| # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." |
| # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time |
| # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match |
| # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did |
| # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| |
| # Fiji |
| |
| # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
| # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
| # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
| # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
| # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
| # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
| # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
| |
| # From the BBC World Service in |
| # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): |
| # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
| # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also |
| # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning |
| # of the new millennium. |
| |
| # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
| # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
| |
| |
| # Kiribati |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
| # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
| # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" |
| # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
| |
| |
| # Kwajalein |
| |
| # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: |
| # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, |
| # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
| # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
| # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. |
| |
| |
| # N Mariana Is, Guam |
| |
| # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
| # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones |
| # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
| # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
| # see Asia/Manila. |
| |
| # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, |
| # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
| # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
| # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
| |
| |
| # Micronesia |
| |
| # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
| # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' |
| # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." |
| # |
| # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 |
| # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
| # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
| # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) |
| # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html |
| # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. |
| # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. |
| |
| |
| # Midway |
| |
| # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
| # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
| # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
| # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
| # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
| # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
| # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
| # air at 6am your time. |
| # |
| # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
| # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
| # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
| # in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
| |
| # Norfolk |
| |
| # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): |
| # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: |
| # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text |
| # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. |
| # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): |
| # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted |
| # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's |
| # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST |
| # other than in 1974/5. See: |
| # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html |
| |
| # Pitcairn |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
| # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
| # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
| # |
| # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
| # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
| # as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
| # |
| # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
| # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
| # somehow in light of this proclamation. |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
| # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
| # ... at midnight. |
| |
| # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
| # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
| # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
| # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
| |
| |
| # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
| |
| # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
| # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
| # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
| # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
| # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
| |
| # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 |
| # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 |
| # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
| # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
| # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, |
| # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
| # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
| # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
| |
| # Tonga |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
| # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
| # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
| # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
| |
| # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
| # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': |
| # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm |
| # |
| # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
| # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
| # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
| # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
| # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
| # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
| # |
| # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
| # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
| # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
| # |
| # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
| # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
| # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
| # minutes we have lost?" |
| # |
| # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
| # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
| # to say your prayers in the morning." |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
| |
| # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
| # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium |
| # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
| # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
| # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
| # Government. |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
| # * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
| # |
| # I was given this link by John Letts: |
| # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
| # |
| # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
| # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
| # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
| # (12 + 1 hour DST). |
| |
| # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
| # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: |
| # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
| # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
| # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
| # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
| # set back an hour on the closing date." |
| # Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
| # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
| # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
| |
| # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
| # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
| # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
| # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
| # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
| # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
| # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) |
| |
| # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
| # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
| |
| # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
| # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
| # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
| # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
| # hour to 1:00am. |
| |
| # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): |
| # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
| |
| |
| # Wake |
| |
| # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
| # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
| # |
| # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the |
| # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
| # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
| # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
| # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
| # impossible. |
| # |
| # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
| # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
| |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # The International Date Line |
| |
| # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
| # |
| # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
| # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
| # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
| # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
| # |
| # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
| # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
| # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
| # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
| # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
| # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
| # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
| # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
| # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
| # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
| # correct date is ambiguous. |
| |
| # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
| # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
| # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
| # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
| # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
| # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
| # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
| # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
| # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
| # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
| # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were |
| # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
| # independent merchant ships until World War II. |
| |
| # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
| # (2005-03-20): |
| # |
| # The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
| # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 |
| # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
| # international waters; it ignores the international date line. |
