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/*
* Copyright (c) 2005, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/**
* @test
* @bug 4635230 6283345 6303830 6824440 6867348 7094155 8038184 8038349
* @summary Basic unit tests for generating XML Signatures with JSR 105
* @compile -XDignore.symbol.file KeySelectors.java SignatureValidator.java
* X509KeySelector.java GenerationTests.java
* @run main/othervm GenerationTests
* @author Sean Mullan
*/
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.security.cert.X509CRL;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import java.security.spec.DSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.DSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.util.*;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import javax.xml.crypto.Data;
import javax.xml.crypto.KeySelector;
import javax.xml.crypto.OctetStreamData;
import javax.xml.crypto.URIDereferencer;
import javax.xml.crypto.URIReference;
import javax.xml.crypto.URIReferenceException;
import javax.xml.crypto.XMLCryptoContext;
import javax.xml.crypto.XMLStructure;
import javax.xml.crypto.dsig.*;
import javax.xml.crypto.dom.*;
import javax.xml.crypto.dsig.dom.DOMSignContext;
import javax.xml.crypto.dsig.dom.DOMValidateContext;
import javax.xml.crypto.dsig.keyinfo.*;
import javax.xml.crypto.dsig.spec.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
/**
* Test that recreates merlin-xmldsig-twenty-three test vectors but with
* different keys and X.509 data.
*/
public class GenerationTests {
private static XMLSignatureFactory fac;
private static KeyInfoFactory kifac;
private static DocumentBuilder db;
private static CanonicalizationMethod withoutComments;
private static SignatureMethod dsaSha1, dsaSha256, rsaSha1,
rsaSha256, rsaSha384, rsaSha512;
private static DigestMethod sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512;
private static KeyInfo dsa1024, dsa2048, rsa, rsa1024;
private static KeySelector kvks = new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector();
private static KeySelector sks;
private static Key signingKey;
private static PublicKey validatingKey;
private static Certificate signingCert;
private static KeyStore ks;
private final static String DIR = System.getProperty("test.src", ".");
// private final static String DIR = ".";
private final static String DATA_DIR =
DIR + System.getProperty("file.separator") + "data";
private final static String KEYSTORE =
DATA_DIR + System.getProperty("file.separator") + "certs" +
System.getProperty("file.separator") + "test.jks";
private final static String CRL =
DATA_DIR + System.getProperty("file.separator") + "certs" +
System.getProperty("file.separator") + "crl";
private final static String ENVELOPE =
DATA_DIR + System.getProperty("file.separator") + "envelope.xml";
private static URIDereferencer httpUd = null;
private final static String STYLESHEET =
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-stylesheet";
private final static String STYLESHEET_B64 =
"http://www.w3.org/Signature/2002/04/xml-stylesheet.b64";
private final static String DSA_SHA256 =
"http://www.w3.org/2009/xmldsig11#dsa-sha256";
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
setup();
test_create_signature_enveloped_dsa(1024);
test_create_signature_enveloped_dsa(2048);
test_create_signature_enveloping_b64_dsa();
test_create_signature_enveloping_dsa();
test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha1_40();
test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha256();
test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha384();
test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha512();
test_create_signature_enveloping_rsa();
test_create_signature_external_b64_dsa();
test_create_signature_external_dsa();
test_create_signature_keyname();
test_create_signature_retrievalmethod_rawx509crt();
test_create_signature_x509_crt_crl();
test_create_signature_x509_crt();
test_create_signature_x509_is();
test_create_signature_x509_ski();
test_create_signature_x509_sn();
test_create_signature();
test_create_exc_signature();
test_create_sign_spec();
test_create_signature_enveloping_sha256_dsa();
test_create_signature_enveloping_sha384_rsa_sha256();
test_create_signature_enveloping_sha512_rsa_sha384();
test_create_signature_enveloping_sha512_rsa_sha512();
test_create_signature_reference_dependency();
test_create_signature_with_attr_in_no_namespace();
test_create_signature_with_empty_id();
}
private static void setup() throws Exception {
fac = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance();
kifac = fac.getKeyInfoFactory();
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
// get key & self-signed certificate from keystore
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(KEYSTORE);
ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
ks.load(fis, "changeit".toCharArray());
signingKey = ks.getKey("user", "changeit".toCharArray());
signingCert = ks.getCertificate("user");
validatingKey = signingCert.getPublicKey();
// create common objects
withoutComments = fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE, (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null);
dsaSha1 = fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null);
dsaSha256 = fac.newSignatureMethod(DSA_SHA256, null);
sha1 = fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null);
sha256 = fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA256, null);
sha384 = fac.newDigestMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#sha384", null);
sha512 = fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA512, null);
dsa1024 = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey)));
dsa2048 = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newKeyValue(getPublicKey("DSA", 2048))));
rsa = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newKeyValue(getPublicKey("RSA", 512))));
rsa1024 = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newKeyValue(getPublicKey("RSA", 1024))));
rsaSha1 = fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null);
rsaSha256 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha256", null);
rsaSha384 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha384", null);
rsaSha512 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha512", null);
sks = new KeySelectors.SecretKeySelector("secret".getBytes("ASCII"));
httpUd = new HttpURIDereferencer();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloped_dsa(int size) throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloped-dsa-"
+ size + ".xml");
SignatureMethod sm = null;
KeyInfo ki = null;
Key privKey;
if (size == 1024) {
sm = dsaSha1;
ki = dsa1024;
privKey = signingKey;
} else if (size == 2048) {
sm = dsaSha256;
ki = dsa2048;
privKey = getPrivateKey("DSA", 2048);
} else throw new RuntimeException("unsupported keysize:" + size);
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo
(withoutComments, sm, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newReference
("", sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)),
null, null)));
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);
Document doc = db.newDocument();
Element envelope = doc.createElementNS
("http://example.org/envelope", "Envelope");
envelope.setAttributeNS(XMLConstants.XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE_NS_URI,
"xmlns", "http://example.org/envelope");
doc.appendChild(envelope);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privKey, envelope);
sig.sign(dsc);
// StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
// dumpDocument(doc, sw);
// System.out.println(sw.toString());
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(kvks, envelope.getFirstChild());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_b64_dsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-b64-dsa.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping
(sha1, dsaSha1, dsa1024, signingKey, kvks, true);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_dsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-dsa.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping
(sha1, dsaSha1, dsa1024, signingKey, kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_sha256_dsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-sha256-dsa.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping
(sha256, dsaSha1, dsa1024, signingKey, kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha1_40()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-hmac-sha1-40.xml");
SignatureMethod hmacSha1 = fac.newSignatureMethod
(SignatureMethod.HMAC_SHA1, new HMACParameterSpec(40));
try {
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha1, hmacSha1, null,
getSecretKey("secret".getBytes("ASCII")), sks, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!(e instanceof XMLSignatureException)) {
throw e;
}
}
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha256()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-hmac-sha256.xml");
SignatureMethod hmacSha256 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#hmac-sha256", null);
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha1, hmacSha256, null,
getSecretKey("secret".getBytes("ASCII")), sks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha384()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-hmac-sha384.xml");
SignatureMethod hmacSha384 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#hmac-sha384", null);
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha1, hmacSha384, null,
getSecretKey("secret".getBytes("ASCII")), sks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_hmac_sha512()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-hmac-sha512.xml");
SignatureMethod hmacSha512 = fac.newSignatureMethod
("http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#hmac-sha512", null);
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha1, hmacSha512, null,
getSecretKey("secret".getBytes("ASCII")), sks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_rsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-rsa.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha1, rsaSha1, rsa,
getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_sha384_rsa_sha256()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-sha384-rsa_sha256.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha384, rsaSha256, rsa,
getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_sha512_rsa_sha384()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-sha512-rsa_sha384.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha512, rsaSha384, rsa1024,
getPrivateKey("RSA", 1024), kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_enveloping_sha512_rsa_sha512()
throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloping-sha512-rsa_sha512.xml");
test_create_signature_enveloping(sha512, rsaSha512, rsa1024,
getPrivateKey("RSA", 1024), kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_external_b64_dsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-external-b64-dsa.xml");
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, dsa1024, signingKey, kvks, true);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_external_dsa() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-external-dsa.xml");
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, dsa1024, signingKey, kvks, false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_keyname() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-keyname.xml");
KeyInfo kn = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newKeyName("user")));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, kn, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_retrievalmethod_rawx509crt()
throws Exception {
System.out.println(
"* Generating signature-retrievalmethod-rawx509crt.xml");
KeyInfo rm = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newRetrievalMethod
("certs/user.crt", X509Data.RAW_X509_CERTIFICATE_TYPE, null)));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, rm, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_x509_crt_crl() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-x509-crt-crl.xml");
List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>();
CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
xds.add(signingCert);
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(CRL);
X509CRL crl = (X509CRL) cf.generateCRL(fis);
fis.close();
xds.add(crl);
KeyInfo crt_crl = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(xds)));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, crt_crl, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_x509_crt() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-x509-crt.xml");
KeyInfo crt = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList(signingCert))));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, crt, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_x509_is() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-x509-is.xml");
KeyInfo is = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509IssuerSerial
("CN=User", new BigInteger("45ef2729", 16))))));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, is, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_x509_ski() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-x509-ski.xml");
KeyInfo ski = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList
("keyid".getBytes("ASCII")))));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, ski, signingKey,
KeySelector.singletonKeySelector(validatingKey), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_x509_sn() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-x509-sn.xml");
KeyInfo sn = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList("CN=User"))));
test_create_signature_external(dsaSha1, sn, signingKey,
new X509KeySelector(ks), false);
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_reference_dependency() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-reference-dependency.xml");
// create references
List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
(fac.newReference("#object-1", sha1));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);
// create objects
List<XMLStructure> objs = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>();
// Object 1
List<Reference> manRefs = Collections.singletonList
(fac.newReference("#object-2", sha1));
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(fac.newManifest(manRefs, "manifest-1")), "object-1", null, null));
// Object 2
Document doc = db.newDocument();
Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
nc.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "");
nc.appendChild(doc.createComment(" Commentandum "));
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-2", null, null));
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa, objs, "signature", null);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
sig.sign(dsc);
// dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_with_attr_in_no_namespace()
throws Exception
{
System.out.println
("* Generating signature-with-attr-in-no-namespace.xml");
// create references
List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
(fac.newReference("#unknown", sha1));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);
// create object-1
Document doc = db.newDocument();
Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
// add attribute with no namespace
nc.setAttribute("Id", "unknown");
XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-1", null, null);
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
Collections.singletonList(obj),
"signature", null);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
dsc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");
sig.sign(dsc);
// dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
dvc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_signature_with_empty_id() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature-with-empty-id.xml");
// create references
List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
(fac.newReference("#", sha1));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);
// create object with empty id
Document doc = db.newDocument();
XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("I am the text."))),
"", "text/plain", null);
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
Collections.singletonList(obj),
"signature", null);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
sig.sign(dsc);
}
static void test_create_signature() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating signature.xml");
// create references
List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>();
// Reference 1
refs.add(fac.newReference(STYLESHEET, sha1));
// Reference 2
refs.add(fac.newReference
(STYLESHEET_B64,
sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.BASE64,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null));
// Reference 3
refs.add(fac.newReference("#object-1", sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH,
new XPathFilterParameterSpec("self::text()"))),
XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 4
String expr = "\n"
+ " ancestor-or-self::dsig:SignedInfo " + "\n"
+ " and " + "\n"
+ " count(ancestor-or-self::dsig:Reference | " + "\n"
+ " here()/ancestor::dsig:Reference[1]) > " + "\n"
+ " count(ancestor-or-self::dsig:Reference) " + "\n"
+ " or " + "\n"
+ " count(ancestor-or-self::node() | " + "\n"
+ " id('notaries')) = " + "\n"
+ " count(ancestor-or-self::node()) " + "\n";
XPathFilterParameterSpec xfp = new XPathFilterParameterSpec(expr,
Collections.singletonMap("dsig", XMLSignature.XMLNS));
refs.add(fac.newReference("", sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH, xfp)),
XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 5
refs.add(fac.newReference("#object-2", sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform
(Transform.BASE64, (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 6
refs.add(fac.newReference
("#manifest-1", sha1, null, Manifest.TYPE, null));
// Reference 7
refs.add(fac.newReference("#signature-properties-1", sha1, null,
SignatureProperties.TYPE, null));
// Reference 8
List<Transform> transforms = new ArrayList<Transform>();
transforms.add(fac.newTransform
(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null));
refs.add(fac.newReference("", sha1, transforms, null, null));
// Reference 9
transforms.add(fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
(TransformParameterSpec) null));
refs.add(fac.newReference("", sha1, transforms, null, null));
// Reference 10
Transform env = fac.newTransform
(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null);
refs.add(fac.newReference("#xpointer(/)",
sha1, Collections.singletonList(env), null, null));
// Reference 11
transforms.clear();
transforms.add(fac.newTransform
(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null));
transforms.add(fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
(TransformParameterSpec) null));
refs.add(fac.newReference("#xpointer(/)", sha1, transforms,
null, null));
// Reference 12
refs.add
(fac.newReference("#object-3", sha1, null, XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 13
Transform withComments = fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
(TransformParameterSpec) null);
refs.add(fac.newReference("#object-3", sha1,
Collections.singletonList(withComments), XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 14
refs.add(fac.newReference("#xpointer(id('object-3'))", sha1, null,
XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 15
withComments = fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
(TransformParameterSpec) null);
refs.add(fac.newReference("#xpointer(id('object-3'))", sha1,
Collections.singletonList(withComments), XMLObject.TYPE, null));
// Reference 16
refs.add(fac.newReference("#reference-2", sha1));
// Reference 17
refs.add(fac.newReference("#manifest-reference-1", sha1, null,
null, "reference-1"));
// Reference 18
refs.add(fac.newReference("#reference-1", sha1, null, null,
"reference-2"));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, dsaSha1, refs);
// create keyinfo
XPathFilterParameterSpec xpf = new XPathFilterParameterSpec(
"ancestor-or-self::dsig:X509Data",
Collections.singletonMap("dsig", XMLSignature.XMLNS));
RetrievalMethod rm = kifac.newRetrievalMethod("#object-4",
X509Data.TYPE, Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
(Transform.XPATH, xpf)));
KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(rm), null);
Document doc = db.newDocument();
// create objects
List<XMLStructure> objs = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>();
// Object 1
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("I am the text."))),
"object-1", "text/plain", null));
// Object 2
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("SSBhbSB0aGUgdGV4dC4="))),
"object-2", "text/plain", Transform.BASE64));
// Object 3
Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
nc.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "");
nc.appendChild(doc.createComment(" Commentandum "));
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-3", null, null));
// Manifest
List<Reference> manRefs = new ArrayList<Reference>();
// Manifest Reference 1
manRefs.add(fac.newReference(STYLESHEET,
sha1, null, null, "manifest-reference-1"));
// Manifest Reference 2
manRefs.add(fac.newReference("#reference-1", sha1));
// Manifest Reference 3
List<Transform> manTrans = new ArrayList<Transform>();
String xslt = ""
+ "<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'\n"
+ " xmlns='http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/strict' \n"
+ " exclude-result-prefixes='foo' \n"
+ " version='1.0'>\n"
+ " <xsl:output encoding='UTF-8' \n"
+ " indent='no' \n"
+ " method='xml' />\n"
+ " <xsl:template match='/'>\n"
+ " <html>\n"
+ " <head>\n"
+ " <title>Notaries</title>\n"
+ " </head>\n"
+ " <body>\n"
+ " <table>\n"
+ " <xsl:for-each select='Notaries/Notary'>\n"
+ " <tr>\n"
+ " <th>\n"
+ " <xsl:value-of select='@name' />\n"
+ " </th>\n"
+ " </tr>\n"
+ " </xsl:for-each>\n"
+ " </table>\n"
+ " </body>\n"
+ " </html>\n"
+ " </xsl:template>\n"
+ "</xsl:stylesheet>\n";
Document docxslt = db.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(xslt.getBytes()));
Node xslElem = docxslt.getDocumentElement();
manTrans.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.XSLT,
new XSLTTransformParameterSpec(new DOMStructure(xslElem))));
manTrans.add(fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
(TransformParameterSpec) null));
manRefs.add(fac.newReference("#notaries", sha1, manTrans, null, null));
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(fac.newManifest(manRefs, "manifest-1")), null, null, null));
// SignatureProperties
Element sa = doc.createElementNS("urn:demo", "SignerAddress");
sa.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "urn:demo");
Element ip = doc.createElementNS("urn:demo", "IP");
ip.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("192.168.21.138"));
sa.appendChild(ip);
SignatureProperty sp = fac.newSignatureProperty
(Collections.singletonList(new DOMStructure(sa)),
"#signature", null);
SignatureProperties sps = fac.newSignatureProperties
(Collections.singletonList(sp), "signature-properties-1");
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList(sps), null,
null, null));
// Object 4
List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>();
xds.add("CN=User");
xds.add(kifac.newX509IssuerSerial
("CN=User", new BigInteger("45ef2729", 16)));
xds.add(signingCert);
objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(kifac.newX509Data(xds)), "object-4", null, null));
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki, objs, "signature", null);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
dbf.setValidating(false);
Document envDoc = dbf.newDocumentBuilder().parse
(new FileInputStream(ENVELOPE));
Element ys = (Element)
envDoc.getElementsByTagName("YoursSincerely").item(0);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, ys);
dsc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);
sig.sign(dsc);
// StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
// dumpDocument(envDoc, sw);
NodeList nl =
envDoc.getElementsByTagNameNS(XMLSignature.XMLNS, "Signature");
if (nl.getLength() == 0) {
throw new Exception("Couldn't find signature Element");
}
Element sigElement = (Element) nl.item(0);
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(new X509KeySelector(ks), sigElement);
dvc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);
File f = new File(
System.getProperty("dir.test.vector.baltimore") +
System.getProperty("file.separator") +
"merlin-xmldsig-twenty-three" +
System.getProperty("file.separator"));
dvc.setBaseURI(f.toURI().toString());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
private static void dumpDocument(Document doc, Writer w) throws Exception {
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
// trans.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
trans.transform(new DOMSource(doc), new StreamResult(w));
}
private static void test_create_signature_external
(SignatureMethod sm, KeyInfo ki, Key signingKey, KeySelector ks,
boolean b64) throws Exception {
// create reference
Reference ref;
if (b64) {
ref = fac.newReference
(STYLESHEET_B64,
sha1, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.BASE64,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
} else {
ref = fac.newReference(STYLESHEET, sha1);
}
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, sm,
Collections.singletonList(ref));
Document doc = db.newDocument();
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc);
dsc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);
sig.sign(dsc);
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(ks, doc.getDocumentElement());
File f = new File(DATA_DIR);
dvc.setBaseURI(f.toURI().toString());
dvc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
}
private static void test_create_signature_enveloping
(DigestMethod dm, SignatureMethod sm, KeyInfo ki, Key signingKey,
KeySelector ks, boolean b64) throws Exception {
// create reference
Reference ref;
if (b64) {
ref = fac.newReference("#object", dm, Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(Transform.BASE64,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
} else {
ref = fac.newReference("#object", dm);
}
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, sm,
Collections.singletonList(ref));
Document doc = db.newDocument();
// create Objects
String text = b64 ? "c29tZSB0ZXh0" : "some text";
XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode(text))),
"object", null, null);
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
(si, ki, Collections.singletonList(obj), null, null);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc);
sig.sign(dsc);
// dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(ks, doc.getDocumentElement());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
}
static void test_create_exc_signature() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating exc_signature.xml");
List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(4);
// create reference 1
refs.add(fac.newReference
("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)),
null, null));
// create reference 2
List<String> prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
prefixList.add("bar");
prefixList.add("#default");
ExcC14NParameterSpec params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
refs.add(fac.newReference
("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
Collections.singletonList
(fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE, params)),
null, null));
// create reference 3
refs.add(fac.newReference
("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
(TransformParameterSpec) null)),
null, null));
// create reference 4
prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
prefixList.add("bar");
prefixList.add("#default");
params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
refs.add(fac.newReference
("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS, params)),
null, null));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
(C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);
// create KeyInfo
List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);
// create Objects
Document doc = db.newDocument();
Element baz = doc.createElementNS("urn:bar", "bar:Baz");
Comment com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
baz.appendChild(com);
XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
(new DOMStructure(baz)), "to-be-signed", null, null);
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
(si, ki, Collections.singletonList(obj), null, null);
Element foo = doc.createElementNS("urn:foo", "Foo");
foo.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "urn:foo");
foo.setAttributeNS
("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns:bar", "urn:bar");
doc.appendChild(foo);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, foo);
dsc.putNamespacePrefix(XMLSignature.XMLNS, "dsig");
sig.sign(dsc);
// dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), foo.getLastChild());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
static void test_create_sign_spec() throws Exception {
System.out.println("* Generating sign-spec.xml");
List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(2);
// create reference 1
List<XPathType> types = new ArrayList<XPathType>(3);
types.add(new XPathType(" //ToBeSigned ", XPathType.Filter.INTERSECT));
types.add(new XPathType(" //NotToBeSigned ",
XPathType.Filter.SUBTRACT));
types.add(new XPathType(" //ReallyToBeSigned ",
XPathType.Filter.UNION));
XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp1 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec(types);
refs.add(fac.newReference
("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp1)),
null, null));
// create reference 2
List<Transform> trans2 = new ArrayList<Transform>(2);
trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
(TransformParameterSpec) null));
XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp2 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec
(Collections.singletonList
(new XPathType(" / ", XPathType.Filter.UNION)));
trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp2));
refs.add(fac.newReference("#signature-value",
fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), trans2, null, null));
// create SignedInfo
SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
(C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);
// create KeyInfo
List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>(2);
xds.add("CN=User");
xds.add(signingCert);
kits.add(kifac.newX509Data(xds));
KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);
// create XMLSignature
XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
(si, ki, null, null, "signature-value");
Document doc = db.newDocument();
Element tbs1 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
Comment tbs1Com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
Element tbs1Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
Element tbs1ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
Element tbs1rtbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "ReallyToBeSigned");
Comment tbs1rtbsCom = doc.createComment(" comment ");
Element tbs1rtbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsCom);
tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsData);
tbs1ntbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbs);
tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Com);
tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Data);
tbs1.appendChild(tbs1ntbs);
Element tbs2 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
Element tbs2Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
Element tbs2ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
Element tbs2ntbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
tbs2ntbs.appendChild(tbs2ntbsData);
tbs2.appendChild(tbs2Data);
tbs2.appendChild(tbs2ntbs);
Element document = doc.createElementNS(null, "Document");
document.appendChild(tbs1);
document.appendChild(tbs2);
doc.appendChild(document);
DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, document);
sig.sign(dsc);
// dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));
DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
(new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), document.getLastChild());
XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
throw new Exception
("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
}
if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
}
System.out.println();
}
private static final String DSA_Y =
"070662842167565771936588335128634396171789331656318483584455493822" +
"400811200853331373030669235424928346190274044631949560438023934623" +
"71310375123430985057160";
private static final String DSA_P =
"013232376895198612407547930718267435757728527029623408872245156039" +
"757713029036368719146452186041204237350521785240337048752071462798" +
"273003935646236777459223";
private static final String DSA_Q =
"0857393771208094202104259627990318636601332086981";
private static final String DSA_G =
"054216440574364751416096484883257051280474283943804743768346673007" +
"661082626139005426812890807137245973106730741193551360857959820973" +
"90670890367185141189796";
private static final String DSA_X =
"0527140396812450214498055937934275626078768840117";
private static final String DSA_2048_Y =
"15119007057343785981993995134621348945077524760182795513668325877793414638620983617627033248732235626178802906346261435991040697338468329634416089753032362617771631199351767336660070462291411472735835843440140283101463231807789628656218830720378705090795271104661936237385140354825159080766174663596286149653433914842868551355716015585570827642835307073681358328172009941968323702291677280809277843998510864653406122348712345584706761165794179850728091522094227603562280855104749858249588234915206290448353957550635709520273178475097150818955098638774564910092913714625772708285992586894795017709678223469405896699928";
private static final String DSA_2048_P =
"18111848663142005571178770624881214696591339256823507023544605891411707081617152319519180201250440615163700426054396403795303435564101919053459832890139496933938670005799610981765220283775567361483662648340339405220348871308593627647076689407931875483406244310337925809427432681864623551598136302441690546585427193224254314088256212718983105131138772434658820375111735710449331518776858786793875865418124429269409118756812841019074631004956409706877081612616347900606555802111224022921017725537417047242635829949739109274666495826205002104010355456981211025738812433088757102520562459649777989718122219159982614304359";
private static final String DSA_2048_Q =
"19689526866605154788513693571065914024068069442724893395618704484701";
private static final String DSA_2048_G =
"2859278237642201956931085611015389087970918161297522023542900348087718063098423976428252369340967506010054236052095950169272612831491902295835660747775572934757474194739347115870723217560530672532404847508798651915566434553729839971841903983916294692452760249019857108409189016993380919900231322610083060784269299257074905043636029708121288037909739559605347853174853410208334242027740275688698461842637641566056165699733710043802697192696426360843173620679214131951400148855611740858610821913573088059404459364892373027492936037789337011875710759208498486908611261954026964574111219599568903257472567764789616958430";
private static final String DSA_2048_X =
"14562787764977288900757387442281559936279834964901963465277698843172";
private static final String RSA_MOD =
"010800185049102889923150759252557522305032794699952150943573164381" +
"936603255999071981574575044810461362008102247767482738822150129277" +
"490998033971789476107463";
private static final String RSA_PRIV =
"016116973584421969795445996229612671947635798429212816611707210835" +
"915586591340598683996088487065438751488342251960069575392056288063" +
"6800379454345804879553";
private static final String RSA_PUB = "065537";
private static final String RSA_1024_MOD = "098871307553789439961130765" +
"909423744508062468450669519128736624058048856940468016843888594585" +
"322862378444314635412341974900625010364163960238734457710620107530" +
"573945081856371709138380902553309075505688814637544923038853658690" +
"857672483016239697038853418682988686871489963827000080098971762923" +
"833614557257607521";
private static final String RSA_1024_PRIV = "03682574144968491431483287" +
"297021581096848810374110568017963075809477047466189822987258068867" +
"704855380407747867998863645890602646601140183818953428006646987710" +
"237008997971129772408397621801631622129297063463868593083106979716" +
"204903524890556839550490384015324575598723478554854070823335021842" +
"210112348400928769";
private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String algo, int keysize)
throws Exception {
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algo);
KeySpec kspec;
if (algo.equalsIgnoreCase("DSA")) {
if (keysize == 1024) {
kspec = new DSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(DSA_Y),
new BigInteger(DSA_P),
new BigInteger(DSA_Q),
new BigInteger(DSA_G));
} else if (keysize == 2048) {
kspec = new DSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(DSA_2048_Y),
new BigInteger(DSA_2048_P),
new BigInteger(DSA_2048_Q),
new BigInteger(DSA_2048_G));
} else throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported keysize:" + keysize);
} else if (algo.equalsIgnoreCase("RSA")) {
if (keysize == 512) {
kspec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(RSA_MOD),
new BigInteger(RSA_PUB));
} else if (keysize == 1024) {
kspec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(RSA_1024_MOD),
new BigInteger(RSA_PUB));
} else throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported keysize:" + keysize);
} else throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported key algorithm " + algo);
return kf.generatePublic(kspec);
}
private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String algo, int keysize)
throws Exception {
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(algo);
KeySpec kspec;
if (algo.equalsIgnoreCase("DSA")) {
if (keysize == 1024) {
kspec = new DSAPrivateKeySpec
(new BigInteger(DSA_X), new BigInteger(DSA_P),
new BigInteger(DSA_Q), new BigInteger(DSA_G));
} else if (keysize == 2048) {
kspec = new DSAPrivateKeySpec
(new BigInteger(DSA_2048_X), new BigInteger(DSA_2048_P),
new BigInteger(DSA_2048_Q), new BigInteger(DSA_2048_G));
} else throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported keysize:" + keysize);
} else if (algo.equalsIgnoreCase("RSA")) {
if (keysize == 512) {
kspec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec
(new BigInteger(RSA_MOD), new BigInteger(RSA_PRIV));
} else {
kspec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(new BigInteger(RSA_1024_MOD),
new BigInteger(RSA_1024_PRIV));
}
} else throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported key algorithm " + algo);
return kf.generatePrivate(kspec);
}
private static SecretKey getSecretKey(final byte[] secret) {
return new SecretKey() {
public String getFormat() { return "RAW"; }
public byte[] getEncoded() { return secret; }
public String getAlgorithm(){ return "SECRET"; }
};
}
/**
* This URIDereferencer returns locally cached copies of http content to
* avoid test failures due to network glitches, etc.
*/
private static class HttpURIDereferencer implements URIDereferencer {
private URIDereferencer defaultUd;
HttpURIDereferencer() {
defaultUd = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance().getURIDereferencer();
}
public Data dereference(final URIReference ref, XMLCryptoContext ctx)
throws URIReferenceException {
String uri = ref.getURI();
if (uri.equals(STYLESHEET) || uri.equals(STYLESHEET_B64)) {
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File
(DATA_DIR, uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf('/'))));
return new OctetStreamData(fis,ref.getURI(),ref.getType());
} catch (Exception e) { throw new URIReferenceException(e); }
}
// fallback on builtin deref
return defaultUd.dereference(ref, ctx);
}
}
}