diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a95a8b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Git 2.24 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.23
+-------------------
+
+Backward compatibility note
+
+ * (no entry yet so far)
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * (no entry yet so far)
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The code to write commit-graph over given commit object names has
+   been made a bit more robust.
+
+ * The first line of verbose output from each test piece now carries
+   the test name and number to help scanning with eyeballs.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.23
+-----------------
+
+ * "git grep --recurse-submodules" that looks at the working tree
+   files looked at the contents in the index in submodules, instead of
+   files in the working tree.
+   (merge 6a289d45c0 mt/grep-submodules-working-tree later to maint).
+
+ * Codepaths to walk tree objects have been audited for integer
+   overflows and hardened.
+   (merge 5aa02f9868 jk/tree-walk-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-refs" can lose refs that are created while running, which
+   is getting corrected.
+   (merge a613d4f817 sc/pack-refs-deletion-racefix later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout" and "git restore" to re-populate the index from a
+   tree-ish (typically HEAD) did not work correctly for a path that
+   was removed and then added again with the intent-to-add bit, when
+   the corresponding working tree file was empty.  This has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Compilation fix.
+   (merge 70597e8386 rs/nedalloc-fixlets later to maint).
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+   (merge d1387d3895 en/fast-import-merge-doc later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index e3f5bc3..77f3b14 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -345,6 +345,8 @@
 
 include::config/fastimport.txt[]
 
+include::config/feature.txt[]
+
 include::config/fetch.txt[]
 
 include::config/format.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/core.txt b/Documentation/config/core.txt
index 75538d2..852d2ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/core.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/core.txt
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@
 	it will automatically be removed, if set to `false`. Before
 	setting it to `true`, you should check that mtime is working
 	properly on your system.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default, unless
+	`feature.manyFiles` is enabled which sets this setting to
+	`true` by default.
 
 core.checkStat::
 	When missing or is set to `default`, many fields in the stat
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@
 
 core.commitGraph::
 	If true, then git will read the commit-graph file (if it exists)
-	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to false. See
+	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to true. See
 	linkgit:git-commit-graph[1] for more information.
 
 core.useReplaceRefs::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/diff.txt b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
index 5afb5a2..ff09f1c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 include::../mergetools-diff.txt[]
 
 diff.indentHeuristic::
-	Set this option to `true` to enable experimental heuristics
+	Set this option to `false` to disable the default heuristics
 	that shift diff hunk boundaries to make patches easier to read.
 
 diff.algorithm::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/feature.txt b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..545522f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+feature.*::
+	The config settings that start with `feature.` modify the defaults of
+	a group of other config settings. These groups are created by the Git
+	developer community as recommended defaults and are subject to change.
+	In particular, new config options may be added with different defaults.
+
+feature.experimental::
+	Enable config options that are new to Git, and are being considered for
+	future defaults. Config settings included here may be added or removed
+	with each release, including minor version updates. These settings may
+	have unintended interactions since they are so new. Please enable this
+	setting if you are interested in providing feedback on experimental
+	features. The new default values are:
++
+* `pack.useSparse=true` uses a new algorithm when constructing a pack-file
+which can improve `git push` performance in repos with many files.
++
+* `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=skipping` may improve fetch negotiation times by
+skipping more commits at a time, reducing the number of round trips.
+
+feature.manyFiles::
+	Enable config options that optimize for repos with many files in the
+	working directory. With many files, commands such as `git status` and
+	`git checkout` may be slow and these new defaults improve performance:
++
+* `index.version=4` enables path-prefix compression in the index.
++
+* `core.untrackedCache=true` enables the untracked cache. This setting assumes
+that mtime is working on your machine.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
index ba890b5..d402110 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
 	effort to converge faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary
 	packfile; The default is "default" which instructs Git to use the default algorithm
 	that never skips commits (unless the server has acknowledged it or one
-	of its descendants).
+	of its descendants). If `feature.experimental` is enabled, then this
+	setting defaults to "skipping".
 	Unknown values will cause 'git fetch' to error out.
 +
 See also the `--negotiation-tip` option for linkgit:git-fetch[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gc.txt b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
index 02b92b1..00ea0a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 	If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when
 	linkgit:git-gc[1] is run. When using `git gc --auto`
 	the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is
-	required. Default is false. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
+	required. Default is true. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
 	for details.
 
 gc.logExpiry::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/index.txt b/Documentation/config/index.txt
index f181503..7cb50b3 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/index.txt
@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@
 index.version::
 	Specify the version with which new index files should be
 	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
+	If `feature.manyFiles` is enabled, then the default is 4.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
index 9cdcfa7..1d66f0c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@
 	objects. This can have significant performance benefits when
 	computing a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible
 	that extra objects are added to the pack-file if the included
-	commits contain certain types of direct renames.
+	commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is `false`
+	unless `feature.experimental` is enabled.
 
 pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
 	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 3c9b4f9..99df1f3 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -169,6 +169,13 @@
 	Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
 	using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option).
 
+--set-upstream::
+	If the remote is fetched successfully, pull and add upstream
+	(tracking) reference, used by argument-less
+	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
+	see `branch.<name>.merge` and `branch.<name>.remote` in
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
 --submodule-prefix=<path>::
 	Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
 	such as "Fetching submodule foo".  This option is used
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index fad327a..0bb2762 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
 	('encoding' SP <encoding>)?
 	data
 	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)*
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index 1ed3ca3..4b32876 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
    you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
    disambiguate.
+
+ * Because `--` disambiguates revisions and paths in some commands, it
+   cannot be used for those commands to separate options and revisions.
+   You can use `--end-of-options` for this (it also works for commands
+   that do not distinguish between revisions in paths, in which case it
+   is simply an alias for `--`).
 +
 When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
 a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 216b11e..d6388f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 	here are often called 'unpacked' (or 'loose') objects.
 
 objects/pack::
-	Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
+	Packs (files that store many objects in compressed form,
 	along with index files to allow them to be randomly
 	accessed) are found in this directory.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
index bde1862..7962e32 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@
 `setup_traverse_info`::
 
 	Initialize a `traverse_info` given the pathname of the tree to start
-	traversing from. The `base` argument is assumed to be the `path`
-	member of the `name_entry` being recursed into unless the tree is a
-	top-level tree in which case the empty string ("") is used.
+	traversing from.
 
 Walking
 -------
@@ -140,6 +138,10 @@
 	This utilizes the memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the
 	overhead of using a generic strlen().
 
+`strbuf_make_traverse_path`::
+
+	Convenience wrapper to `make_traverse_path` into a strbuf.
+
 Authors
 -------
 
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index a1539a7..98f88a2 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v2.23.0
+DEF_VER=v2.23.GIT
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f925534..ad71ae1 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -965,6 +965,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += ref-filter.o
 LIB_OBJS += remote.o
 LIB_OBJS += replace-object.o
+LIB_OBJS += repo-settings.o
 LIB_OBJS += repository.o
 LIB_OBJS += rerere.o
 LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index 248d137..fc657e7 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index 3e53aac..e16d3f7 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -142,19 +142,25 @@
  * string and appends it to a struct strbuf.
  */
 static void strbuf_append_ext_header(struct strbuf *sb, const char *keyword,
-				     const char *value, unsigned int valuelen)
+				     const char *value, size_t valuelen)
 {
-	int len, tmp;
+	size_t orig_len = sb->len;
+	size_t len, tmp;
 
 	/* "%u %s=%s\n" */
 	len = 1 + 1 + strlen(keyword) + 1 + valuelen + 1;
-	for (tmp = len; tmp > 9; tmp /= 10)
+	for (tmp = 1; len / 10 >= tmp; tmp *= 10)
 		len++;
 
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
-	strbuf_addf(sb, "%u %s=", len, keyword);
+	strbuf_addf(sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s=", (uintmax_t)len, keyword);
 	strbuf_add(sb, value, valuelen);
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+
+	if (len != sb->len - orig_len)
+		BUG("pax extended header length miscalculated as %"PRIuMAX
+		    ", should be %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)len, (uintmax_t)(sb->len - orig_len));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index 6123f73..0a3679e 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
 	if (pos >= 0) {
 		struct cache_entry *old = active_cache[pos];
 		if (ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
+		    !ce_intent_to_add(old) &&
 		    oideq(&ce->oid, &old->oid)) {
 			old->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
 			discard_cache_entry(ce);
@@ -730,13 +731,6 @@
 				      "the following files:\n%s"), sb.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-			if (repo_index_has_changes(the_repository,
-						   get_commit_tree(old_branch_info->commit),
-						   &sb))
-				warning(_("staged changes in the following files may be lost: %s"),
-					sb.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-
 			/* Do more real merge */
 
 			/*
diff --git a/builtin/commit-graph.c b/builtin/commit-graph.c
index 38027b8..5786361 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-graph.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-graph.c
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
 	struct string_list *commit_hex = NULL;
 	struct string_list lines;
 	int result = 0;
-	unsigned int flags = COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS;
+	enum commit_graph_write_flags flags = COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS;
 
 	static struct option builtin_commit_graph_write_options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING(0, "object-dir", &opts.obj_dir,
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@
 	if (!opts.obj_dir)
 		opts.obj_dir = get_object_directory();
 	if (opts.append)
-		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND;
+		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_APPEND;
 	if (opts.split)
-		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT;
+		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT;
 
 	read_replace_refs = 0;
 
@@ -213,8 +213,10 @@
 
 		if (opts.stdin_packs)
 			pack_indexes = &lines;
-		if (opts.stdin_commits)
+		if (opts.stdin_commits) {
 			commit_hex = &lines;
+			flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_CHECK_OIDS;
+		}
 
 		UNLEAK(buf);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 717dd14..54d6b01 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "list-objects-filter-options.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
+#include "branch.h"
 
 #define FORCED_UPDATES_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS (10 * 1000)
 
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@
 static int prune_tags = -1; /* unspecified */
 #define PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune tags by default? */
 
-static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok, verbosity, deepen_relative;
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok;
+static int verbosity, deepen_relative, set_upstream;
 static int progress = -1;
 static int enable_auto_gc = 1;
 static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow, update_shallow, deepen;
@@ -123,6 +125,8 @@
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
 		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "set-upstream", &set_upstream,
+		 N_("set upstream for git pull/fetch")),
 	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
 		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
@@ -1367,6 +1371,51 @@
 		retcode = 1;
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
+
+	if (set_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get("HEAD");
+		struct ref *rm;
+		struct ref *source_ref = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * We're setting the upstream configuration for the
+		 * current branch. The relevent upstream is the
+		 * fetched branch that is meant to be merged with the
+		 * current one, i.e. the one fetched to FETCH_HEAD.
+		 *
+		 * When there are several such branches, consider the
+		 * request ambiguous and err on the safe side by doing
+		 * nothing and just emit a warning.
+		 */
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			if (!rm->peer_ref) {
+				if (source_ref) {
+					warning(_("multiple branch detected, incompatible with --set-upstream"));
+					goto skip;
+				} else {
+					source_ref = rm;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (source_ref) {
+			if (!strcmp(source_ref->name, "HEAD") ||
+			    starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
+				install_branch_config(0,
+						      branch->name,
+						      transport->remote->name,
+						      source_ref->name);
+			else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/remotes/"))
+				warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote remote-tracking branch"));
+			else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote tag"));
+			else
+				warning(_("unknown branch type"));
+		} else {
+			warning(_("no source branch found.\n"
+				"you need to specify exactly one branch with the --set-upstream option."));
+		}
+	}
+ skip:
 	free_refs(ref_map);
 
 	/* if neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index c18efad..a22b6ff 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 static int aggressive_window = 250;
 static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
 static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 50;
-static int gc_write_commit_graph;
 static int detach_auto = 1;
 static timestamp_t gc_log_expire_time;
 static const char *gc_log_expire = "1.day.ago";
@@ -148,7 +147,6 @@
 	git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivedepth", &aggressive_depth);
 	git_config_get_int("gc.auto", &gc_auto_threshold);
 	git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &gc_auto_pack_limit);
-	git_config_get_bool("gc.writecommitgraph", &gc_write_commit_graph);
 	git_config_get_bool("gc.autodetach", &detach_auto);
 	git_config_get_expiry("gc.pruneexpire", &prune_expire);
 	git_config_get_expiry("gc.worktreepruneexpire", &prune_worktrees_expire);
@@ -685,11 +683,11 @@
 		clean_pack_garbage();
 	}
 
-	if (gc_write_commit_graph &&
-	    write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(),
-					 !quiet && !daemonized ? COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS : 0,
-					 NULL))
-		return 1;
+	prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+	if (the_repository->settings.gc_write_commit_graph == 1)
+		write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(),
+					     !quiet && !daemonized ? COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS : 0,
+					     NULL);
 
 	if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
 		warning(_("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 5600517..2699001 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
 static int grep_submodule(struct grep_opt *opt,
 			  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			  const struct object_id *oid,
-			  const char *filename, const char *path)
+			  const char *filename, const char *path, int cached)
 {
 	struct repository subrepo;
 	struct repository *superproject = opt->repo;
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
 		strbuf_release(&base);
 		free(data);
 	} else {
-		hit = grep_cache(&subopt, pathspec, 1);
+		hit = grep_cache(&subopt, pathspec, cached);
 	}
 
 	repo_clear(&subrepo);
@@ -523,7 +523,8 @@
 			}
 		} else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 			   submodule_path_match(repo->index, pathspec, name.buf, NULL)) {
-			hit |= grep_submodule(opt, pathspec, NULL, ce->name, ce->name);
+			hit |= grep_submodule(opt, pathspec, NULL, ce->name,
+					      ce->name, cached);
 		} else {
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -598,7 +599,8 @@
 			free(data);
 		} else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode)) {
 			hit |= grep_submodule(opt, pathspec, &entry.oid,
-					      base->buf, base->buf + tn_len);
+					      base->buf, base->buf + tn_len,
+					      1); /* ignored */
 		}
 
 		strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 97b54ca..e72714a 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -180,8 +180,9 @@
 
 static char *traverse_path(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
 {
-	char *path = xmallocz(traverse_path_len(info, n) + the_hash_algo->rawsz);
-	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_make_traverse_path(&buf, info, n->path, n->pathlen);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 76ce906..b410801 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -2715,10 +2715,6 @@
 		use_bitmap_index_default = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.usesparse")) {
-		sparse = git_config_bool(k, v);
-		return 0;
-	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
 		delta_search_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (delta_search_threads < 0)
@@ -3343,6 +3339,10 @@
 	read_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	sparse = git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_PACK_SPARSE", 0);
+	prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
+	if (!sparse && the_repository->settings.pack_use_sparse != -1)
+		sparse = the_repository->settings.pack_use_sparse;
+
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&pack_idx_opts);
 	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/builtin/pull.c b/builtin/pull.c
index f1eaf6e..d25ff13 100644
--- a/builtin/pull.c
+++ b/builtin/pull.c
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
 static char *opt_ipv4;
 static char *opt_ipv6;
 static int opt_show_forced_updates = -1;
+static char *set_upstream;
 
 static struct option pull_options[] = {
 	/* Shared options */
@@ -243,6 +244,9 @@
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "show-forced-updates", &opt_show_forced_updates,
 		 N_("check for forced-updates on all updated branches")),
+	OPT_PASSTHRU(0, "set-upstream", &set_upstream, NULL,
+		N_("set upstream for git pull/fetch"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
 
 	OPT_END()
 };
@@ -556,6 +560,8 @@
 		argv_array_push(&args, "--show-forced-updates");
 	else if (opt_show_forced_updates == 0)
 		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-show-forced-updates");
+	if (set_upstream)
+		argv_array_push(&args, set_upstream);
 
 	if (repo) {
 		argv_array_push(&args, repo);
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index dff2f4b..49302d9 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -966,6 +966,7 @@
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn;
 	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
+	struct repository *r = the_repository;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
 			N_("continue refresh even when index needs update"),
@@ -1180,11 +1181,12 @@
 		remove_split_index(&the_index);
 	}
 
+	prepare_repo_settings(r);
 	switch (untracked_cache) {
 	case UC_UNSPECIFIED:
 		break;
 	case UC_DISABLE:
-		if (git_config_get_untracked_cache() == 1)
+		if (r->settings.core_untracked_cache == UNTRACKED_CACHE_WRITE)
 			warning(_("core.untrackedCache is set to true; "
 				  "remove or change it, if you really want to "
 				  "disable the untracked cache"));
@@ -1196,7 +1198,7 @@
 		return !test_if_untracked_cache_is_supported();
 	case UC_ENABLE:
 	case UC_FORCE:
-		if (git_config_get_untracked_cache() == 0)
+		if (r->settings.core_untracked_cache == UNTRACKED_CACHE_REMOVE)
 			warning(_("core.untrackedCache is set to false; "
 				  "remove or change it, if you really want to "
 				  "enable the untracked cache"));
diff --git a/builtin/worktree.c b/builtin/worktree.c
index a5bb02b..7f094f8 100644
--- a/builtin/worktree.c
+++ b/builtin/worktree.c
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@
 			  original_path);
 	ret = xread(cp.out, buf, sizeof(buf));
 	if (ret)
-		die(_("'%s' is dirty, use --force to delete it"),
+		die(_("'%s' contains modified or untracked files, use --force to delete it"),
 		    original_path);
 	close(cp.out);
 	ret = finish_command(&cp);
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 706ffcf..c22161f 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@
 	if (!info->prev)
 		return root;
 	our_parent = find_cache_tree_from_traversal(root, info->prev);
-	return cache_tree_find(our_parent, info->name.path);
+	return cache_tree_find(our_parent, info->name);
 }
 
 int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *root,
diff --git a/commit-graph.c b/commit-graph.c
index fe954ab..9b02d2c 100644
--- a/commit-graph.c
+++ b/commit-graph.c
@@ -467,7 +467,6 @@
 static int prepare_commit_graph(struct repository *r)
 {
 	struct object_directory *odb;
-	int config_value;
 
 	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD, 0))
 		die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph load!",
@@ -477,9 +476,10 @@
 		return !!r->objects->commit_graph;
 	r->objects->commit_graph_attempted = 1;
 
+	prepare_repo_settings(r);
+
 	if (!git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0) &&
-	    (repo_config_get_bool(r, "core.commitgraph", &config_value) ||
-	    !config_value))
+	    r->settings.core_commit_graph != 1)
 		/*
 		 * This repository is not configured to use commit graphs, so
 		 * do not load one. (But report commit_graph_attempted anyway
@@ -783,7 +783,8 @@
 
 	unsigned append:1,
 		 report_progress:1,
-		 split:1;
+		 split:1,
+		 check_oids:1;
 
 	const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts;
 };
@@ -1134,7 +1135,8 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, unsigned int flags,
+int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir,
+				 enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
 				 const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts)
 {
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -1193,8 +1195,8 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void fill_oids_from_commit_hex(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
-				      struct string_list *commit_hex)
+static int fill_oids_from_commit_hex(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
+				     struct string_list *commit_hex)
 {
 	uint32_t i;
 	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -1215,20 +1217,21 @@
 		struct commit *result;
 
 		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
-		if (commit_hex->items[i].string &&
-		    parse_oid_hex(commit_hex->items[i].string, &oid, &end))
-			continue;
-
-		result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ctx->r, &oid, 1);
-
-		if (result) {
+		if (!parse_oid_hex(commit_hex->items[i].string, &oid, &end) &&
+		    (result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ctx->r, &oid, 1))) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
 			oidcpy(&ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr], &(result->object.oid));
 			ctx->oids.nr++;
+		} else if (ctx->check_oids) {
+			error(_("invalid commit object id: %s"),
+			    commit_hex->items[i].string);
+			return -1;
 		}
 	}
 	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 	strbuf_release(&progress_title);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void fill_oids_from_all_packs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
@@ -1752,7 +1755,7 @@
 int write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
 		       struct string_list *pack_indexes,
 		       struct string_list *commit_hex,
-		       unsigned int flags,
+		       enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
 		       const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts)
 {
 	struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx;
@@ -1773,9 +1776,10 @@
 	if (len && ctx->obj_dir[len - 1] == '/')
 		ctx->obj_dir[len - 1] = 0;
 
-	ctx->append = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND ? 1 : 0;
-	ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
-	ctx->split = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT ? 1 : 0;
+	ctx->append = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_APPEND ? 1 : 0;
+	ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
+	ctx->split = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT ? 1 : 0;
+	ctx->check_oids = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_CHECK_OIDS ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->split_opts = split_opts;
 
 	if (ctx->split) {
@@ -1830,8 +1834,10 @@
 			goto cleanup;
 	}
 
-	if (commit_hex)
-		fill_oids_from_commit_hex(ctx, commit_hex);
+	if (commit_hex) {
+		if ((res = fill_oids_from_commit_hex(ctx, commit_hex)))
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
 
 	if (!pack_indexes && !commit_hex)
 		fill_oids_from_all_packs(ctx);
diff --git a/commit-graph.h b/commit-graph.h
index df9a3b2..486e64e 100644
--- a/commit-graph.h
+++ b/commit-graph.h
@@ -71,9 +71,13 @@
  */
 int generation_numbers_enabled(struct repository *r);
 
-#define COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND     (1 << 0)
-#define COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS   (1 << 1)
-#define COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT      (1 << 2)
+enum commit_graph_write_flags {
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_APPEND     = (1 << 0),
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS   = (1 << 1),
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT      = (1 << 2),
+	/* Make sure that each OID in the input is a valid commit OID. */
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_CHECK_OIDS = (1 << 3)
+};
 
 struct split_commit_graph_opts {
 	int size_multiple;
@@ -87,12 +91,13 @@
  * is not compatible with the commit-graph feature, then the
  * methods will return 0 without writing a commit-graph.
  */
-int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, unsigned int flags,
+int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir,
+				 enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
 				 const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts);
 int write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
 		       struct string_list *pack_indexes,
 		       struct string_list *commit_hex,
-		       unsigned int flags,
+		       enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
 		       const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts);
 
 #define COMMIT_GRAPH_VERIFY_SHALLOW	(1 << 0)
diff --git a/common-main.c b/common-main.c
index 582a7b1..71e21dd 100644
--- a/common-main.c
+++ b/common-main.c
@@ -39,16 +39,16 @@
 
 	git_resolve_executable_dir(argv[0]);
 
-	trace2_initialize();
-	trace2_cmd_start(argv);
-	trace2_collect_process_info(TRACE2_PROCESS_INFO_STARTUP);
-
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
 	initialize_the_repository();
 
 	attr_start();
 
+	trace2_initialize();
+	trace2_cmd_start(argv);
+	trace2_collect_process_info(TRACE2_PROCESS_INFO_STARTUP);
+
 	result = cmd_main(argc, argv);
 
 	trace2_cmd_exit(result);
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index b833ff9..9134349 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -1755,10 +1755,10 @@
   assert(sl->l != 0);
   assert(sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD);
   if (--sl->c == 0) {
-    sl->threadid = 0;
     volatile unsigned int* lp = &sl->l;
     int prev = 0;
     int ret;
+    sl->threadid = 0;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("lock; xchgl %0, %1"
 			  : "=r" (ret)
 			  : "m" (*(lp)), "0"(prev)
@@ -3066,7 +3066,7 @@
 #if !ONLY_MSPACES
     /* Set up lock for main malloc area */
     gm->mflags = mparams.default_mflags;
-    INITIAL_LOCK(&gm->mutex);
+    (void)INITIAL_LOCK(&gm->mutex);
 #endif
 
 #if (FOOTERS && !INSECURE)
@@ -5017,7 +5017,7 @@
   mchunkptr msp = align_as_chunk(tbase);
   mstate m = (mstate)(chunk2mem(msp));
   memset(m, 0, msize);
-  INITIAL_LOCK(&m->mutex);
+  (void)INITIAL_LOCK(&m->mutex);
   msp->head = (msize|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT);
   m->seg.base = m->least_addr = tbase;
   m->seg.size = m->footprint = m->max_footprint = tsize;
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 3900e49..b61c258 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 	int flags;
 	int ret;
 	struct strbuf pattern = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *refname = !the_repository || !the_repository->gitdir ?
+	const char *refname = !the_repository->gitdir ?
 		NULL : resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, NULL, &flags);
 	const char *shortname;
 
@@ -2288,30 +2288,6 @@
 	return -1; /* thing exists but cannot be parsed */
 }
 
-int git_config_get_untracked_cache(void)
-{
-	int val = -1;
-	const char *v;
-
-	/* Hack for test programs like test-dump-untracked-cache */
-	if (ignore_untracked_cache_config)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (!git_config_get_maybe_bool("core.untrackedcache", &val))
-		return val;
-
-	if (!git_config_get_value("core.untrackedcache", &v)) {
-		if (!strcasecmp(v, "keep"))
-			return -1;
-
-		error(_("unknown core.untrackedCache value '%s'; "
-			"using 'keep' default value"), v);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	return -1; /* default value */
-}
-
 int git_config_get_split_index(void)
 {
 	int val;
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index efe42b3..e28b463 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -6512,6 +6512,7 @@
 			   const struct diff_filespec *filespec)
 {
 	if (filespec && filespec->oid_valid &&
+	    !S_ISGITLINK(filespec->mode) &&
 	    oid_object_info_extended(r, &filespec->oid, NULL,
 				     OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH))
 		oid_array_append(to_fetch, &filespec->oid);
diff --git a/fetch-negotiator.c b/fetch-negotiator.c
index d6d685c..0a1357d 100644
--- a/fetch-negotiator.c
+++ b/fetch-negotiator.c
@@ -2,19 +2,20 @@
 #include "fetch-negotiator.h"
 #include "negotiator/default.h"
 #include "negotiator/skipping.h"
+#include "repository.h"
 
-void fetch_negotiator_init(struct fetch_negotiator *negotiator,
-			   const char *algorithm)
+void fetch_negotiator_init(struct repository *r,
+			   struct fetch_negotiator *negotiator)
 {
-	if (algorithm) {
-		if (!strcmp(algorithm, "skipping")) {
-			skipping_negotiator_init(negotiator);
-			return;
-		} else if (!strcmp(algorithm, "default")) {
-			/* Fall through to default initialization */
-		} else {
-			die("unknown fetch negotiation algorithm '%s'", algorithm);
-		}
+	prepare_repo_settings(r);
+	switch(r->settings.fetch_negotiation_algorithm) {
+	case FETCH_NEGOTIATION_SKIPPING:
+		skipping_negotiator_init(negotiator);
+		return;
+
+	case FETCH_NEGOTIATION_DEFAULT:
+	default:
+		default_negotiator_init(negotiator);
+		return;
 	}
-	default_negotiator_init(negotiator);
 }
diff --git a/fetch-negotiator.h b/fetch-negotiator.h
index 9e3967c..ea78868 100644
--- a/fetch-negotiator.h
+++ b/fetch-negotiator.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define FETCH_NEGOTIATOR_H
 
 struct commit;
+struct repository;
 
 /*
  * An object that supplies the information needed to negotiate the contents of
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@
 	void *data;
 };
 
-void fetch_negotiator_init(struct fetch_negotiator *negotiator,
-			   const char *algorithm);
+void fetch_negotiator_init(struct repository *r,
+			   struct fetch_negotiator *negotiator);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index 65be043..d81f47c 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 static int server_supports_filtering;
 static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
 static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
-static char *negotiation_algorithm;
 static struct strbuf fsck_msg_types = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 /* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
@@ -892,12 +891,13 @@
 				 struct shallow_info *si,
 				 char **pack_lockfile)
 {
+	struct repository *r = the_repository;
 	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
 	struct object_id oid;
 	const char *agent_feature;
 	int agent_len;
 	struct fetch_negotiator negotiator;
-	fetch_negotiator_init(&negotiator, negotiation_algorithm);
+	fetch_negotiator_init(r, &negotiator);
 
 	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
 	QSORT(sought, nr_sought, cmp_ref_by_name);
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@
 
 	if (server_supports("shallow"))
 		print_verbose(args, _("Server supports %s"), "shallow");
-	else if (args->depth > 0 || is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
+	else if (args->depth > 0 || is_repository_shallow(r))
 		die(_("Server does not support shallow clients"));
 	if (args->depth > 0 || args->deepen_since || args->deepen_not)
 		args->deepen = 1;
@@ -1379,6 +1379,7 @@
 				    struct shallow_info *si,
 				    char **pack_lockfile)
 {
+	struct repository *r = the_repository;
 	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
 	enum fetch_state state = FETCH_CHECK_LOCAL;
 	struct oidset common = OIDSET_INIT;
@@ -1386,7 +1387,7 @@
 	int in_vain = 0;
 	int haves_to_send = INITIAL_FLUSH;
 	struct fetch_negotiator negotiator;
-	fetch_negotiator_init(&negotiator, negotiation_algorithm);
+	fetch_negotiator_init(r, &negotiator);
 	packet_reader_init(&reader, fd[0], NULL, 0,
 			   PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE |
 			   PACKET_READ_DIE_ON_ERR_PACKET);
@@ -1505,8 +1506,6 @@
 	git_config_get_bool("repack.usedeltabaseoffset", &prefer_ofs_delta);
 	git_config_get_bool("fetch.fsckobjects", &fetch_fsck_objects);
 	git_config_get_bool("transfer.fsckobjects", &transfer_fsck_objects);
-	git_config_get_string("fetch.negotiationalgorithm",
-			      &negotiation_algorithm);
 
 	git_config(fetch_pack_config_cb, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index 6de74ce..6ec562d 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -3030,8 +3030,23 @@
 wm protocol . WM_DELETE_WINDOW do_quit
 bind all <$M1B-Key-q> do_quit
 bind all <$M1B-Key-Q> do_quit
-bind all <$M1B-Key-w> {destroy [winfo toplevel %W]}
-bind all <$M1B-Key-W> {destroy [winfo toplevel %W]}
+
+set m1b_w_script {
+	set toplvl_win [winfo toplevel %W]
+
+	# If we are destroying the main window, we should call do_quit to take
+	# care of cleanup before exiting the program.
+	if {$toplvl_win eq "."} {
+		do_quit
+	} else {
+		destroy $toplvl_win
+	}
+}
+
+bind all <$M1B-Key-w> $m1b_w_script
+bind all <$M1B-Key-W> $m1b_w_script
+
+unset m1b_w_script
 
 set subcommand_args {}
 proc usage {} {
diff --git a/packfile.h b/packfile.h
index 3e98910..fc7904e 100644
--- a/packfile.h
+++ b/packfile.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
  * Does not unlink if 'force_delete' is false and the pack-file is
  * marked as ".keep".
  */
-extern void unlink_pack_path(const char *pack_name, int force_delete);
+void unlink_pack_path(const char *pack_name, int force_delete);
 
 /*
  * Make sure that a pointer access into an mmap'd index file is within bounds,
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index 87b26a1..b42f54d 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -780,7 +780,8 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!arg[2]) { /* "--" */
+		if (!arg[2] /* "--" */ ||
+		    !strcmp(arg + 2, "end-of-options")) {
 			if (!(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH)) {
 				ctx->argc--;
 				ctx->argv++;
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index a4bd40b..38a33a0 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -46,6 +46,15 @@
 	PARSE_OPT_COMP_ARG = 1024
 };
 
+enum parse_opt_result {
+	PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE = -3,
+	PARSE_OPT_HELP = -2,
+	PARSE_OPT_ERROR = -1,	/* must be the same as error() */
+	PARSE_OPT_DONE = 0,	/* fixed so that "return 0" works */
+	PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION,
+	PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN
+};
+
 struct option;
 typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
 
@@ -241,15 +250,6 @@
 
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
-enum parse_opt_result {
-	PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE = -3,
-	PARSE_OPT_HELP = -2,
-	PARSE_OPT_ERROR = -1,	/* must be the same as error() */
-	PARSE_OPT_DONE = 0,	/* fixed so that "return 0" works */
-	PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION,
-	PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN
-};
-
 /*
  * It's okay for the caller to consume argv/argc in the usual way.
  * Other fields of that structure are private to parse-options and should not
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 52ffa8a..cff1280 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -1599,16 +1599,17 @@
 
 #define INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT 3
 
-static unsigned int get_index_format_default(void)
+static unsigned int get_index_format_default(struct repository *r)
 {
 	char *envversion = getenv("GIT_INDEX_VERSION");
 	char *endp;
-	int value;
 	unsigned int version = INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
 
 	if (!envversion) {
-		if (!git_config_get_int("index.version", &value))
-			version = value;
+		prepare_repo_settings(r);
+
+		if (r->settings.index_version >= 0)
+			version = r->settings.index_version;
 		if (version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < version) {
 			warning(_("index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
 				  "Using version %i"), INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
@@ -1844,18 +1845,17 @@
 
 static void tweak_untracked_cache(struct index_state *istate)
 {
-	switch (git_config_get_untracked_cache()) {
-	case -1: /* keep: do nothing */
-		break;
-	case 0: /* false */
+	struct repository *r = the_repository;
+
+	prepare_repo_settings(r);
+
+	if (r->settings.core_untracked_cache  == UNTRACKED_CACHE_REMOVE) {
 		remove_untracked_cache(istate);
-		break;
-	case 1: /* true */
-		add_untracked_cache(istate);
-		break;
-	default: /* unknown value: do nothing */
-		break;
+		return;
 	}
+
+	if (r->settings.core_untracked_cache == UNTRACKED_CACHE_WRITE)
+		add_untracked_cache(istate);
 }
 
 static void tweak_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -2765,7 +2765,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!istate->version) {
-		istate->version = get_index_format_default();
+		istate->version = get_index_format_default(the_repository);
 		if (git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX", 0))
 			init_split_index(istate);
 	}
diff --git a/refs/packed-backend.c b/refs/packed-backend.c
index c01c7f5..4458a0f 100644
--- a/refs/packed-backend.c
+++ b/refs/packed-backend.c
@@ -1012,14 +1012,23 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Now that we hold the `packed-refs` lock, make sure that our
-	 * snapshot matches the current version of the file. Normally
-	 * `get_snapshot()` does that for us, but that function
-	 * assumes that when the file is locked, any existing snapshot
-	 * is still valid. We've just locked the file, but it might
-	 * have changed the moment *before* we locked it.
+	 * There is a stat-validity problem might cause `update-ref -d`
+	 * lost the newly commit of a ref, because a new `packed-refs`
+	 * file might has the same on-disk file attributes such as
+	 * timestamp, file size and inode value, but has a changed
+	 * ref value.
+	 *
+	 * This could happen with a very small chance when
+	 * `update-ref -d` is called and at the same time another
+	 * `pack-refs --all` process is running.
+	 *
+	 * Now that we hold the `packed-refs` lock, it is important
+	 * to make sure we could read the latest version of
+	 * `packed-refs` file no matter we have just mmap it or not.
+	 * So what need to do is clear the snapshot if we hold it
+	 * already.
 	 */
-	validate_snapshot(refs);
+	clear_snapshot(refs);
 
 	/*
 	 * Now make sure that the packed-refs file as it exists in the
diff --git a/repo-settings.c b/repo-settings.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3779b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/repo-settings.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "repository.h"
+
+#define UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(s,v) do { if (s == -1) { s = v; } } while(0)
+
+void prepare_repo_settings(struct repository *r)
+{
+	int value;
+	char *strval;
+
+	if (r->settings.initialized)
+		return;
+
+	/* Defaults */
+	memset(&r->settings, -1, sizeof(r->settings));
+
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "core.commitgraph", &value))
+		r->settings.core_commit_graph = value;
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "gc.writecommitgraph", &value))
+		r->settings.gc_write_commit_graph = value;
+	UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.core_commit_graph, 1);
+	UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.gc_write_commit_graph, 1);
+
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "index.version", &value))
+		r->settings.index_version = value;
+	if (!repo_config_get_maybe_bool(r, "core.untrackedcache", &value)) {
+		if (value == 0)
+			r->settings.core_untracked_cache = UNTRACKED_CACHE_REMOVE;
+		else
+			r->settings.core_untracked_cache = UNTRACKED_CACHE_WRITE;
+	} else if (!repo_config_get_string(r, "core.untrackedcache", &strval)) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(strval, "keep"))
+			r->settings.core_untracked_cache = UNTRACKED_CACHE_KEEP;
+
+		free(strval);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo_config_get_string(r, "fetch.negotiationalgorithm", &strval)) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(strval, "skipping"))
+			r->settings.fetch_negotiation_algorithm = FETCH_NEGOTIATION_SKIPPING;
+		else
+			r->settings.fetch_negotiation_algorithm = FETCH_NEGOTIATION_DEFAULT;
+	}
+
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "pack.usesparse", &value))
+		r->settings.pack_use_sparse = value;
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "feature.manyfiles", &value) && value) {
+		UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.index_version, 4);
+		UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.core_untracked_cache, UNTRACKED_CACHE_WRITE);
+	}
+	if (!repo_config_get_bool(r, "feature.experimental", &value) && value) {
+		UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.pack_use_sparse, 1);
+		UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.fetch_negotiation_algorithm, FETCH_NEGOTIATION_SKIPPING);
+	}
+
+	/* Hack for test programs like test-dump-untracked-cache */
+	if (ignore_untracked_cache_config)
+		r->settings.core_untracked_cache = UNTRACKED_CACHE_KEEP;
+	else
+		UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.core_untracked_cache, UNTRACKED_CACHE_KEEP);
+
+	UPDATE_DEFAULT_BOOL(r->settings.fetch_negotiation_algorithm, FETCH_NEGOTIATION_DEFAULT);
+}
diff --git a/repository.h b/repository.h
index 4fb6a58..4da275e 100644
--- a/repository.h
+++ b/repository.h
@@ -11,6 +11,33 @@
 struct raw_object_store;
 struct submodule_cache;
 
+enum untracked_cache_setting {
+	UNTRACKED_CACHE_UNSET = -1,
+	UNTRACKED_CACHE_REMOVE = 0,
+	UNTRACKED_CACHE_KEEP = 1,
+	UNTRACKED_CACHE_WRITE = 2
+};
+
+enum fetch_negotiation_setting {
+	FETCH_NEGOTIATION_UNSET = -1,
+	FETCH_NEGOTIATION_NONE = 0,
+	FETCH_NEGOTIATION_DEFAULT = 1,
+	FETCH_NEGOTIATION_SKIPPING = 2,
+};
+
+struct repo_settings {
+	int initialized;
+
+	int core_commit_graph;
+	int gc_write_commit_graph;
+
+	int index_version;
+	enum untracked_cache_setting core_untracked_cache;
+
+	int pack_use_sparse;
+	enum fetch_negotiation_setting fetch_negotiation_algorithm;
+};
+
 struct repository {
 	/* Environment */
 	/*
@@ -72,6 +99,8 @@
 	 */
 	char *submodule_prefix;
 
+	struct repo_settings settings;
+
 	/* Subsystems */
 	/*
 	 * Repository's config which contains key-value pairs from the usual
@@ -157,5 +186,6 @@
  */
 void repo_update_index_if_able(struct repository *, struct lock_file *);
 
+void prepare_repo_settings(struct repository *r);
 
 #endif /* REPOSITORY_H */
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 0741229..51690e4 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -2523,6 +2523,7 @@
 	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, got_rev_arg = 0, revarg_opt;
 	struct argv_array prune_data = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *submodule = NULL;
+	int seen_end_of_options = 0;
 
 	if (opt)
 		submodule = opt->submodule;
@@ -2552,7 +2553,7 @@
 		revarg_opt |= REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
-		if (*arg == '-') {
+		if (!seen_end_of_options && *arg == '-') {
 			int opts;
 
 			opts = handle_revision_pseudo_opt(submodule,
@@ -2574,6 +2575,11 @@
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--end-of-options")) {
+				seen_end_of_options = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			opts = handle_revision_opt(revs, argc - i, argv + i,
 						   &left, argv, opt);
 			if (opts > 0) {
diff --git a/sha1-name.c b/sha1-name.c
index 2989e27..c665e3f 100644
--- a/sha1-name.c
+++ b/sha1-name.c
@@ -403,9 +403,9 @@
 	return collect_ambiguous(oid, data);
 }
 
-static struct repository *sort_ambiguous_repo;
-static int sort_ambiguous(const void *a, const void *b)
+static int sort_ambiguous(const void *a, const void *b, void *ctx)
 {
+	struct repository *sort_ambiguous_repo = ctx;
 	int a_type = oid_object_info(sort_ambiguous_repo, a, NULL);
 	int b_type = oid_object_info(sort_ambiguous_repo, b, NULL);
 	int a_type_sort;
@@ -434,10 +434,7 @@
 
 static void sort_ambiguous_oid_array(struct repository *r, struct oid_array *a)
 {
-	/* mutex will be needed if this code is to be made thread safe */
-	sort_ambiguous_repo = r;
-	QSORT(a->oid, a->nr, sort_ambiguous);
-	sort_ambiguous_repo = NULL;
+	QSORT_S(a->oid, a->nr, sort_ambiguous, r);
 }
 
 static enum get_oid_result get_short_oid(struct repository *r,
diff --git a/t/perf/p5600-clone-reference.sh b/t/perf/p5601-clone-reference.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/perf/p5600-clone-reference.sh
rename to t/perf/p5601-clone-reference.sh
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index 9ca0818..4c01f60 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -274,23 +274,23 @@
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'test --verbose' '
 	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
-		test-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
+		t1234-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
 	test_expect_success "passing test" true
 	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
 	test_expect_success "failing test" false
 	test_done
 	EOF
-	mv test-verbose/out test-verbose/out+ &&
-	grep -v "^Initialized empty" test-verbose/out+ >test-verbose/out &&
-	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose <<-\EOF
-	> expecting success: true
+	mv t1234-verbose/out t1234-verbose/out+ &&
+	grep -v "^Initialized empty" t1234-verbose/out+ >t1234-verbose/out &&
+	check_sub_test_lib_test t1234-verbose <<-\EOF
+	> expecting success of 1234.1 '\''passing test'\'': true
 	> ok 1 - passing test
 	> Z
-	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> expecting success of 1234.2 '\''test with output'\'': echo foo
 	> foo
 	> ok 2 - test with output
 	> Z
-	> expecting success: false
+	> expecting success of 1234.3 '\''failing test'\'': false
 	> not ok 3 - failing test
 	> #	false
 	> Z
@@ -301,17 +301,17 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'test --verbose-only' '
 	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
-		test-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
+		t2345-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
 		--verbose-only=2 <<-\EOF &&
 	test_expect_success "passing test" true
 	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
 	test_expect_success "failing test" false
 	test_done
 	EOF
-	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test t2345-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
 	> ok 1 - passing test
 	> Z
-	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> expecting success of 2345.2 '\''test with output'\'': echo foo
 	> foo
 	> ok 2 - test with output
 	> Z
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index cebc77f..705a136 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -399,4 +399,11 @@
 		test-tool parse-options --ye
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--end-of-options treats remainder as args' '
+	test-tool parse-options \
+	    --expect="verbose: -1" \
+	    --expect="arg 00: --verbose" \
+	    --end-of-options --verbose
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh b/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
index 5bd892f..33e0aa4 100755
--- a/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
 
 	git -C repo config core.repositoryformatversion 1 &&
 	git -C repo config extensions.partialclone "arbitrary string" &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git -C repo rev-list --exclude-promisor-objects --objects bar >out &&
+	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git -C repo -c core.commitGraph=false rev-list --exclude-promisor-objects --objects bar >out &&
 	grep $(git -C repo rev-parse bar) out &&
 	! grep $FOO out
 '
@@ -518,4 +518,7 @@
 	git verify-pack --verbose "$IDX" | grep "$HASH"
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1309-early-config.sh b/t/t1309-early-config.sh
index 0c37e71..3a0de0d 100755
--- a/t/t1309-early-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1309-early-config.sh
@@ -91,7 +91,12 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'early config and onbranch' '
 	echo "[broken" >broken &&
-	test_with_config "[includeif \"onbranch:refs/heads/master\"]path=../broken"
+	test_with_config "[includeif \"onbranch:master\"]path=../broken"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'onbranch config outside of git repo' '
+	test_config_global includeIf.onbranch:master.path non-existent &&
+	nongit git help
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1600-index.sh b/t/t1600-index.sh
index 42962ed..c77721b 100755
--- a/t/t1600-index.sh
+++ b/t/t1600-index.sh
@@ -59,17 +59,38 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'GIT_INDEX_VERSION takes precedence over config' '
+test_index_version () {
+	INDEX_VERSION_CONFIG=$1 &&
+	FEATURE_MANY_FILES=$2 &&
+	ENV_VAR_VERSION=$3
+	EXPECTED_OUTPUT_VERSION=$4 &&
 	(
 		rm -f .git/index &&
-		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=4 &&
-		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
-		git config --add index.version 2 &&
+		rm -f .git/config &&
+		if test "$INDEX_VERSION_CONFIG" -ne 0
+		then
+			git config --add index.version $INDEX_VERSION_CONFIG
+		fi &&
+		git config --add feature.manyFiles $FEATURE_MANY_FILES
+		if test "$ENV_VAR_VERSION" -ne 0
+		then
+			GIT_INDEX_VERSION=$ENV_VAR_VERSION &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+		else
+			unset GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+		fi &&
 		git add a 2>&1 &&
-		echo 4 >expect &&
+		echo $EXPECTED_OUTPUT_VERSION >expect &&
 		test-tool index-version <.git/index >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'index version config precedence' '
+	test_index_version 2 false 4 4 &&
+	test_index_version 2 true 0 2 &&
+	test_index_version 0 true 0 4 &&
+	test_index_version 0 true 2 2
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index fc3eb43..6844afa 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -78,4 +78,15 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout HEAD adds deleted intent-to-add file back to index' '
+	echo "nonempty" >nonempty &&
+	>empty &&
+	git add nonempty empty &&
+	git commit -m "create files to be deleted" &&
+	git rm --cached nonempty empty &&
+	git add -N nonempty empty &&
+	git checkout HEAD nonempty empty &&
+	git diff --cached --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2070-restore.sh b/t/t2070-restore.sh
index 2650df1..21c3f84 100755
--- a/t/t2070-restore.sh
+++ b/t/t2070-restore.sh
@@ -95,4 +95,15 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'restore --staged adds deleted intent-to-add file back to index' '
+	echo "nonempty" >nonempty &&
+	>empty &&
+	git add nonempty empty &&
+	git commit -m "create files to be deleted" &&
+	git rm --cached nonempty empty &&
+	git add -N nonempty empty &&
+	git restore --staged nonempty empty &&
+	git diff --cached --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4067-diff-partial-clone.sh b/t/t4067-diff-partial-clone.sh
index 90c8fb2..4831ad3 100755
--- a/t/t4067-diff-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t4067-diff-partial-clone.sh
@@ -75,6 +75,37 @@
 	! grep "want $(cat hash-b)" trace
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'when fetching missing objects, diff skips GITLINKs' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf sub server client trace" &&
+
+	test_create_repo sub &&
+	test_commit -C sub first &&
+
+	test_create_repo server &&
+	echo a >server/a &&
+	git -C server add a &&
+	git -C server submodule add "file://$(pwd)/sub" &&
+	git -C server commit -m x &&
+
+	test_commit -C server/sub second &&
+	echo another-a >server/a &&
+	git -C server add a sub &&
+	git -C server commit -m x &&
+
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowfilter 1 &&
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1 &&
+	git clone --bare --filter=blob:limit=0 "file://$(pwd)/server" client &&
+
+	echo a | git hash-object --stdin >hash-old-a &&
+	echo another-a | git hash-object --stdin >hash-new-a &&
+
+	# Ensure that a and another-a are fetched, and check (by successful
+	# execution of the diff) that no invalid OIDs are sent.
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$(pwd)/trace" git -C client diff HEAD^ HEAD &&
+	grep "want $(cat hash-old-a)" trace &&
+	grep "want $(cat hash-new-a)" trace
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff with rename detection batches blobs' '
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf server client trace" &&
 
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index c202093..e88ccb0 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -1707,4 +1707,11 @@
 	test_must_fail git log --exclude-promisor-objects source-a
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --end-of-options' '
+       git update-ref refs/heads/--source HEAD &&
+       git log --end-of-options --source >actual &&
+       git log >expect &&
+       test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
index 271eb5a..3e7b23c 100755
--- a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -204,4 +204,23 @@
 	grep $size big.lst
 '
 
+build_tree() {
+	perl -e '
+		my $hash = $ARGV[0];
+		foreach my $order (2..6) {
+			$first = 10 ** $order;
+			foreach my $i (-13..-9) {
+				my $name = "a" x ($first + $i);
+				print "100644 blob $hash\t$name\n"
+			}
+		}
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive with long paths' '
+	blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	tree=$(build_tree $blob | git mktree) &&
+	git archive -o long_paths.tar $tree
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh b/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh
index dacb440..f4338ab 100755
--- a/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list notices corruption (1)' '
-	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git rev-list HEAD
+	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git -c core.commitGraph=false rev-list HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list notices corruption (2)' '
-	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git rev-list --objects HEAD
+	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git -c core.commitGraph=false rev-list --objects HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pack-objects notices corruption' '
diff --git a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
index 22cb9d6..ab3eccf 100755
--- a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
@@ -23,11 +23,10 @@
 	test_path_is_missing info/commit-graph
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'close with correct error on bad input' '
+test_expect_success 'exit with correct error on bad input to --stdin-packs' '
 	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/full" &&
 	echo doesnotexist >in &&
-	{ git commit-graph write --stdin-packs <in 2>stderr; ret=$?; } &&
-	test "$ret" = 1 &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git commit-graph write --stdin-packs <in 2>stderr &&
 	test_i18ngrep "error adding pack" stderr
 '
 
@@ -41,6 +40,15 @@
 	git repack
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'exit with correct error on bad input to --stdin-commits' '
+	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/full" &&
+	echo HEAD | test_expect_code 1 git commit-graph write --stdin-commits 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "invalid commit object id" stderr &&
+	# valid tree OID, but not a commit OID
+	git rev-parse HEAD^{tree} | test_expect_code 1 git commit-graph write --stdin-commits 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "invalid commit object id" stderr
+'
+
 graph_git_two_modes() {
 	git -c core.commitGraph=true $1 >output
 	git -c core.commitGraph=false $1 >expect
diff --git a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
index 99f4ef4..e2c3953 100755
--- a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'setup repo' '
 	git init &&
 	git config core.commitGraph true &&
+	git config gc.writeCommitGraph false &&
 	infodir=".git/objects/info" &&
 	graphdir="$infodir/commit-graphs" &&
 	test_oid_init
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@
 	git clone --no-hardlinks . alt-split &&
 	(
 		cd alt-split &&
+		rm -f .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
 		echo "$(pwd)"/../.git/objects >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
 		test_commit 18 &&
 		git commit-graph write --reachable --split &&
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 1c71c0e..8210f63 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -920,4 +920,7 @@
 	fetch_filter_blob_limit_zero "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/server" "$HTTPD_URL/smart/server"
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index 139f710..34b486f 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -902,6 +902,29 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--no-show-forced-updates' '
+	mkdir forced-updates &&
+	(
+		cd forced-updates &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2
+	) &&
+	git clone forced-updates forced-update-clone &&
+	git clone forced-updates no-forced-update-clone &&
+	git -C forced-updates reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+	(
+		cd forced-update-clone &&
+		git fetch --show-forced-updates origin 2>output &&
+		test_i18ngrep "(forced update)" output
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd no-forced-update-clone &&
+		git fetch --no-show-forced-updates origin 2>output &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! "(forced update)" output
+	)
+'
+
 setup_negotiation_tip () {
 	SERVER="$1"
 	URL="$2"
@@ -978,27 +1001,7 @@
 	check_negotiation_tip
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--no-show-forced-updates' '
-	mkdir forced-updates &&
-	(
-		cd forced-updates &&
-		git init &&
-		test_commit 1 &&
-		test_commit 2
-	) &&
-	git clone forced-updates forced-update-clone &&
-	git clone forced-updates no-forced-update-clone &&
-	git -C forced-updates reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
-	(
-		cd forced-update-clone &&
-		git fetch --show-forced-updates origin 2>output &&
-		test_i18ngrep "(forced update)" output
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd no-forced-update-clone &&
-		git fetch --no-show-forced-updates origin 2>output &&
-		! test_i18ngrep "(forced update)" output
-	)
-'
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
index 66f0b64..97a6772 100755
--- a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
+++ b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
@@ -255,4 +255,7 @@
 	git -C client fsck
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5545-push-options.sh b/t/t5545-push-options.sh
index 6d1d59c..04b34c4 100755
--- a/t/t5545-push-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5545-push-options.sh
@@ -278,4 +278,7 @@
 	test_cmp expect "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/upstream.git/hooks/pre-receive.push_options
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5552-skipping-fetch-negotiator.sh b/t/t5552-skipping-fetch-negotiator.sh
index 8a14be5..f70cbcc 100755
--- a/t/t5552-skipping-fetch-negotiator.sh
+++ b/t/t5552-skipping-fetch-negotiator.sh
@@ -60,29 +60,6 @@
 	have_not_sent c6 c4 c3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'unknown fetch.negotiationAlgorithm values error out' '
-	rm -rf server client trace &&
-	git init server &&
-	test_commit -C server to_fetch &&
-
-	git init client &&
-	test_commit -C client on_client &&
-	git -C client checkout on_client &&
-
-	test_config -C client fetch.negotiationAlgorithm invalid &&
-	test_must_fail git -C client fetch "$(pwd)/server" 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep "unknown fetch negotiation algorithm" err &&
-
-	# Explicit "default" value
-	test_config -C client fetch.negotiationAlgorithm default &&
-	git -C client -c fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=default fetch "$(pwd)/server" &&
-
-	# Implementation detail: If there is nothing to fetch, we will not error out
-	test_config -C client fetch.negotiationAlgorithm invalid &&
-	git -C client fetch "$(pwd)/server" 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep ! "unknown fetch negotiation algorithm" err
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'when two skips collide, favor the larger one' '
 	rm -rf server client trace &&
 	git init server &&
diff --git a/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh b/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..81975ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"git fetch/pull --set-upstream" basic tests.'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_config () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "$3" >"expect.$1" &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" && git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >"actual.$1" &&
+	test_cmp "expect.$1" "actual.$1"
+}
+
+check_config_missing () {
+	test_expect_code 1 git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git config "branch.$1.merge"
+}
+
+clear_config () {
+	for branch in "$@"; do
+		test_might_fail git config --unset-all "branch.$branch.remote"
+		test_might_fail git config --unset-all "branch.$branch.merge"
+	done
+}
+
+ensure_fresh_upstream () {
+	rm -rf parent && git init --bare parent
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare parent fetch' '
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+	git remote add upstream parent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup commit on master and other fetch' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push upstream master &&
+	git checkout -b other &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	git push upstream other
+'
+
+# tests for fetch --set-upstream
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream does not set upstream w/o branch' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch --set-upstream upstream &&
+	check_config_missing master &&
+	check_config_missing other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream upstream master sets branch master but not other' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git fetch --set-upstream upstream master &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/master &&
+	check_config_missing other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream upstream other sets branch other' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git fetch --set-upstream upstream other &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other &&
+	check_config_missing other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream master:other does not set the branch other2' '
+	clear_config other2 &&
+	git fetch --set-upstream upstream master:other2 &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream http://nosuchdomain.example.com fails with invalid url' '
+	# master explicitly not cleared, we check that it is not touched from previous value
+	clear_config other other2 &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch --set-upstream http://nosuchdomain.example.com &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other &&
+	check_config_missing other &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream with valid URL sets upstream to URL' '
+	clear_config other other2 &&
+	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	git fetch --set-upstream "$url" &&
+	check_config master "$url" HEAD &&
+	check_config_missing other &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+# tests for pull --set-upstream
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare parent pull' '
+	git remote rm upstream &&
+	ensure_fresh_upstream &&
+	git remote add upstream parent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup commit on master and other pull' '
+	test_commit three &&
+	git push --tags upstream master &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	git push upstream other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream upstream master sets branch master but not other' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream master &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/master &&
+	check_config_missing other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream master:other2 does not set the branch other2' '
+	clear_config other2 &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream master:other2 &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream upstream other sets branch master' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream other &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other &&
+	check_config_missing other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream upstream tag does not set the tag' '
+	clear_config three &&
+	git pull --tags --set-upstream upstream three &&
+	check_config_missing three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream http://nosuchdomain.example.com fails with invalid url' '
+	# master explicitly not cleared, we check that it is not touched from previous value
+	clear_config other other2 three &&
+	test_must_fail git pull --set-upstream http://nosuchdomain.example.com &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other &&
+	check_config_missing other &&
+	check_config_missing other2 &&
+	check_config_missing three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream upstream HEAD sets branch HEAD' '
+	clear_config master other &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream HEAD &&
+	check_config master upstream HEAD &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream HEAD &&
+	check_config other upstream HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream upstream with more than one branch does nothing' '
+	clear_config master three &&
+	git pull --set-upstream upstream master three &&
+	check_config_missing master &&
+	check_config_missing three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream with valid URL sets upstream to URL' '
+	clear_config master other other2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	git pull --set-upstream "$url" &&
+	check_config master "$url" HEAD &&
+	check_config_missing other &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream with valid URL and branch sets branch' '
+	clear_config master other other2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	git pull --set-upstream "$url" master &&
+	check_config master "$url" refs/heads/master &&
+	check_config_missing other &&
+	check_config_missing other2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 37d7680..4a3b901 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -739,4 +739,7 @@
 	partial_clone "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/server" "$HTTPD_URL/smart/server"
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
index b91ef54..5652545 100755
--- a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
@@ -417,4 +417,7 @@
 	! test -e "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed"
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-protocol-v1.sh b/t/t5700-protocol-v1.sh
index 7c9511c..2571eb9 100755
--- a/t/t5700-protocol-v1.sh
+++ b/t/t5700-protocol-v1.sh
@@ -292,4 +292,7 @@
 	grep "git< version 1" log
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
index 011b81d..fbddd0a 100755
--- a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
@@ -723,4 +723,7 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "expected no other sections to be sent after no .ready." err
 '
 
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh b/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
index de4b610..3a2c143 100755
--- a/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
+++ b/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
@@ -157,106 +157,6 @@
 	check_output
 '
 
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-REPO="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo"
-LOCAL_PRISTINE="$(pwd)/local_pristine"
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repos for change-while-negotiating test' '
-	(
-		git init "$REPO" &&
-		cd "$REPO" &&
-		>.git/git-daemon-export-ok &&
-		test_commit m1 &&
-		git tag -d m1 &&
-
-		# Local repo with many commits (so that negotiation will take
-		# more than 1 request/response pair)
-		git clone "http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/smart/repo" "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" &&
-		cd "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" &&
-		git checkout -b side &&
-		test_commit_bulk --id=s 33 &&
-
-		# Add novel commits to upstream
-		git checkout master &&
-		cd "$REPO" &&
-		test_commit m2 &&
-		test_commit m3 &&
-		git tag -d m2 m3
-	) &&
-	git -C "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" remote set-url origin "http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/one_time_sed/repo" &&
-	git -C "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" config protocol.version 2
-'
-
-inconsistency () {
-	# Simulate that the server initially reports $2 as the ref
-	# corresponding to $1, and after that, $1 as the ref corresponding to
-	# $1. This corresponds to the real-life situation where the server's
-	# repository appears to change during negotiation, for example, when
-	# different servers in a load-balancing arrangement serve (stateless)
-	# RPCs during a single negotiation.
-	printf "s/%s/%s/" \
-	       $(git -C "$REPO" rev-parse $1 | tr -d "\n") \
-	       $(git -C "$REPO" rev-parse $2 | tr -d "\n") \
-	       >"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed"
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'server is initially ahead - no ref in want' '
-	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant false &&
-	rm -rf local &&
-	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
-	inconsistency master 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 &&
-	test_must_fail git -C local fetch 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: upload-pack: not our ref" err
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'server is initially ahead - ref in want' '
-	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
-	rm -rf local &&
-	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
-	inconsistency master 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 &&
-	git -C local fetch &&
-
-	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify master >expected &&
-	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'server is initially behind - no ref in want' '
-	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant false &&
-	rm -rf local &&
-	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
-	inconsistency master "master^" &&
-	git -C local fetch &&
-
-	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify "master^" >expected &&
-	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'server is initially behind - ref in want' '
-	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
-	rm -rf local &&
-	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
-	inconsistency master "master^" &&
-	git -C local fetch &&
-
-	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify "master" >expected &&
-	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'server loses a ref - ref in want' '
-	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
-	rm -rf local &&
-	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
-	echo "s/master/raster/" >"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed" &&
-	test_must_fail git -C local fetch 2>err &&
-
-	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: unknown ref refs/heads/raster" err
-'
-
 REPO="$(pwd)/repo"
 LOCAL_PRISTINE="$(pwd)/local_pristine"
 
@@ -372,4 +272,108 @@
 	grep "want-ref refs/heads/o/bar" log
 '
 
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+REPO="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo"
+LOCAL_PRISTINE="$(pwd)/local_pristine"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repos for change-while-negotiating test' '
+	(
+		git init "$REPO" &&
+		cd "$REPO" &&
+		>.git/git-daemon-export-ok &&
+		test_commit m1 &&
+		git tag -d m1 &&
+
+		# Local repo with many commits (so that negotiation will take
+		# more than 1 request/response pair)
+		rm -rf "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" &&
+		git clone "http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/smart/repo" "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" &&
+		cd "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" &&
+		git checkout -b side &&
+		test_commit_bulk --id=s 33 &&
+
+		# Add novel commits to upstream
+		git checkout master &&
+		cd "$REPO" &&
+		test_commit m2 &&
+		test_commit m3 &&
+		git tag -d m2 m3
+	) &&
+	git -C "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" remote set-url origin "http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/one_time_sed/repo" &&
+	git -C "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" config protocol.version 2
+'
+
+inconsistency () {
+	# Simulate that the server initially reports $2 as the ref
+	# corresponding to $1, and after that, $1 as the ref corresponding to
+	# $1. This corresponds to the real-life situation where the server's
+	# repository appears to change during negotiation, for example, when
+	# different servers in a load-balancing arrangement serve (stateless)
+	# RPCs during a single negotiation.
+	printf "s/%s/%s/" \
+	       $(git -C "$REPO" rev-parse $1 | tr -d "\n") \
+	       $(git -C "$REPO" rev-parse $2 | tr -d "\n") \
+	       >"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'server is initially ahead - no ref in want' '
+	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant false &&
+	rm -rf local &&
+	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
+	inconsistency master 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 &&
+	test_must_fail git -C local fetch 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: upload-pack: not our ref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'server is initially ahead - ref in want' '
+	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
+	rm -rf local &&
+	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
+	inconsistency master 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 &&
+	git -C local fetch &&
+
+	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify master >expected &&
+	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'server is initially behind - no ref in want' '
+	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant false &&
+	rm -rf local &&
+	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
+	inconsistency master "master^" &&
+	git -C local fetch &&
+
+	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify "master^" >expected &&
+	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'server is initially behind - ref in want' '
+	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
+	rm -rf local &&
+	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
+	inconsistency master "master^" &&
+	git -C local fetch &&
+
+	git -C "$REPO" rev-parse --verify "master" >expected &&
+	git -C local rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'server loses a ref - ref in want' '
+	git -C "$REPO" config uploadpack.allowRefInWant true &&
+	rm -rf local &&
+	cp -r "$LOCAL_PRISTINE" local &&
+	echo "s/master/raster/" >"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed" &&
+	test_must_fail git -C local fetch 2>err &&
+
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: unknown ref refs/heads/raster" err
+'
+
+# DO NOT add non-httpd-specific tests here, because the last part of this
+# test script is only executed when httpd is available and enabled.
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
index 52a9e38..b8cf823 100755
--- a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
+++ b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
@@ -140,4 +140,12 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --end-of-options' '
+	git update-ref refs/heads/--output=yikes HEAD &&
+	git rev-list --end-of-options --output=yikes >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing yikes &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
index 545b461..bad02cf 100755
--- a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
    '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list should fail' '
-	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git rev-list --all > /dev/null
+	test_must_fail env GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0 git -c core.commitGraph=false rev-list --all > /dev/null
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git repack _MUST_ fail' \
diff --git a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
index 033871e..f30b484 100755
--- a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
+++ b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 	some message
 	EOF
 	commit=$(git hash-object -t commit -w broken-commit) &&
-	git gc 2>stderr &&
+	git gc -q 2>stderr &&
 	verbose git cat-file -e $commit &&
 	test_must_be_empty stderr
 '
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 	100644 blob 0000000000000000000000000000000000000003	foo
 	EOF
 	tree=$(git mktree --missing <broken-tree) &&
-	git gc 2>stderr &&
+	git gc -q 2>stderr &&
 	git cat-file -e $tree &&
 	test_must_be_empty stderr
 '
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	this is a broken tag
 	EOF
 	tag=$(git hash-object -t tag -w broken-tag) &&
-	git gc 2>stderr &&
+	git gc -q 2>stderr &&
 	git cat-file -e $tag &&
 	test_must_be_empty stderr
 '
diff --git a/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh b/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
index a11366b..946f91f 100755
--- a/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
+++ b/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
@@ -408,4 +408,25 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+reset_and_clean () {
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -fd &&
+	git submodule foreach --recursive 'git reset --hard' &&
+	git submodule foreach --recursive 'git clean -fd'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --recurse-submodules without --cached considers worktree modifications' '
+	reset_and_clean &&
+	echo "A modified line in submodule" >>submodule/a &&
+	echo "submodule/a:A modified line in submodule" >expect &&
+	git grep --recurse-submodules "A modified line in submodule" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --recurse-submodules with --cached ignores worktree modifications' '
+	reset_and_clean &&
+	echo "A modified line in submodule" >>submodule/a &&
+	test_must_fail git grep --recurse-submodules --cached "A modified line in submodule" >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index e0b3f28..87bf3a2 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
-		say >&3 "checking known breakage: $2"
+		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
 		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
 		then
 			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
-		say >&3 "expecting success: $2"
+		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
 		if test_run_ "$2"
 		then
 			test_ok_ "$1"
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 30b07e3..a9d4564 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -212,6 +212,8 @@
 
 TEST_STRESS_JOB_SFX="${GIT_TEST_STRESS_JOB_NR:+.stress-$GIT_TEST_STRESS_JOB_NR}"
 TEST_NAME="$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+TEST_NUMBER="${TEST_NAME%%-*}"
+TEST_NUMBER="${TEST_NUMBER#t}"
 TEST_RESULTS_DIR="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 TEST_RESULTS_BASE="$TEST_RESULTS_DIR/$TEST_NAME$TEST_STRESS_JOB_SFX"
 TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$TEST_NAME$TEST_STRESS_JOB_SFX"
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index c20b62f..bea819d 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -170,40 +170,61 @@
 
 void setup_traverse_info(struct traverse_info *info, const char *base)
 {
-	int pathlen = strlen(base);
+	size_t pathlen = strlen(base);
 	static struct traverse_info dummy;
 
 	memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
 	if (pathlen && base[pathlen-1] == '/')
 		pathlen--;
 	info->pathlen = pathlen ? pathlen + 1 : 0;
-	info->name.path = base;
-	info->name.pathlen = pathlen;
-	if (pathlen) {
-		hashcpy(info->name.oid.hash, (const unsigned char *)base + pathlen + 1);
+	info->name = base;
+	info->namelen = pathlen;
+	if (pathlen)
 		info->prev = &dummy;
-	}
 }
 
-char *make_traverse_path(char *path, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+char *make_traverse_path(char *path, size_t pathlen,
+			 const struct traverse_info *info,
+			 const char *name, size_t namelen)
 {
-	int len = tree_entry_len(n);
-	int pathlen = info->pathlen;
+	/* Always points to the end of the name we're about to add */
+	size_t pos = st_add(info->pathlen, namelen);
 
-	path[pathlen + len] = 0;
+	if (pos >= pathlen)
+		BUG("too small buffer passed to make_traverse_path");
+
+	path[pos] = 0;
 	for (;;) {
-		memcpy(path + pathlen, n->path, len);
-		if (!pathlen)
+		if (pos < namelen)
+			BUG("traverse_info pathlen does not match strings");
+		pos -= namelen;
+		memcpy(path + pos, name, namelen);
+
+		if (!pos)
 			break;
-		path[--pathlen] = '/';
-		n = &info->name;
-		len = tree_entry_len(n);
+		path[--pos] = '/';
+
+		if (!info)
+			BUG("traverse_info ran out of list items");
+		name = info->name;
+		namelen = info->namelen;
 		info = info->prev;
-		pathlen -= len;
 	}
 	return path;
 }
 
+void strbuf_make_traverse_path(struct strbuf *out,
+			       const struct traverse_info *info,
+			       const char *name, size_t namelen)
+{
+	size_t len = traverse_path_len(info, namelen);
+
+	strbuf_grow(out, len);
+	make_traverse_path(out->buf + out->len, out->alloc - out->len,
+			   info, name, namelen);
+	strbuf_setlen(out, out->len + len);
+}
+
 struct tree_desc_skip {
 	struct tree_desc_skip *prev;
 	const void *ptr;
@@ -400,13 +421,12 @@
 		tx[i].d = t[i];
 
 	if (info->prev) {
-		strbuf_grow(&base, info->pathlen);
-		make_traverse_path(base.buf, info->prev, &info->name);
-		base.buf[info->pathlen-1] = '/';
-		strbuf_setlen(&base, info->pathlen);
-		traverse_path = xstrndup(base.buf, info->pathlen);
+		strbuf_make_traverse_path(&base, info->prev,
+					  info->name, info->namelen);
+		strbuf_addch(&base, '/');
+		traverse_path = xstrndup(base.buf, base.len);
 	} else {
-		traverse_path = xstrndup(info->name.path, info->pathlen);
+		traverse_path = xstrndup(info->name, info->pathlen);
 	}
 	info->traverse_path = traverse_path;
 	for (;;) {
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 2a5db29..abe2caf 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -58,8 +58,11 @@
 struct traverse_info {
 	const char *traverse_path;
 	struct traverse_info *prev;
-	struct name_entry name;
-	int pathlen;
+	const char *name;
+	size_t namelen;
+	unsigned mode;
+
+	size_t pathlen;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 
 	unsigned long df_conflicts;
@@ -69,12 +72,17 @@
 };
 
 int get_tree_entry(struct repository *, const struct object_id *, const char *, struct object_id *, unsigned short *);
-char *make_traverse_path(char *path, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n);
+char *make_traverse_path(char *path, size_t pathlen, const struct traverse_info *info,
+			 const char *name, size_t namelen);
+void strbuf_make_traverse_path(struct strbuf *out,
+			       const struct traverse_info *info,
+			       const char *name, size_t namelen);
 void setup_traverse_info(struct traverse_info *info, const char *base);
 
-static inline int traverse_path_len(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+static inline size_t traverse_path_len(const struct traverse_info *info,
+				       size_t namelen)
 {
-	return info->pathlen + tree_entry_len(n);
+	return st_add(info->pathlen, namelen);
 }
 
 /* in general, positive means "kind of interesting" */
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 62276d4..50f257b 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *, const struct name_entry *);
+static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *, const char *p, size_t len);
 
 static void restore_cache_bottom(struct traverse_info *info, int bottom)
 {
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
 	if (o->diff_index_cached)
 		return 0;
 	ret = o->cache_bottom;
-	pos = find_cache_pos(info->prev, &info->name);
+	pos = find_cache_pos(info->prev, info->name, info->namelen);
 
 	if (pos < -1)
 		o->cache_bottom = -2 - pos;
@@ -686,21 +686,19 @@
 				      struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
-	int len = traverse_path_len(info, names);
-	char *name = xmalloc(len + 1 /* slash */ + 1 /* NUL */);
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pos;
 
-	make_traverse_path(name, info, names);
-	name[len++] = '/';
-	name[len] = '\0';
-	pos = index_name_pos(o->src_index, name, len);
+	strbuf_make_traverse_path(&name, info, names->path, names->pathlen);
+	strbuf_addch(&name, '/');
+	pos = index_name_pos(o->src_index, name.buf, name.len);
 	if (pos >= 0)
 		BUG("This is a directory and should not exist in index");
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (!starts_with(o->src_index->cache[pos]->name, name) ||
-	    (pos > 0 && starts_with(o->src_index->cache[pos-1]->name, name)))
+	if (!starts_with(o->src_index->cache[pos]->name, name.buf) ||
+	    (pos > 0 && starts_with(o->src_index->cache[pos-1]->name, name.buf)))
 		BUG("pos must point at the first entry in this directory");
-	free(name);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
 	return pos;
 }
 
@@ -811,8 +809,10 @@
 	newinfo = *info;
 	newinfo.prev = info;
 	newinfo.pathspec = info->pathspec;
-	newinfo.name = *p;
-	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p) + 1;
+	newinfo.name = p->path;
+	newinfo.namelen = p->pathlen;
+	newinfo.mode = p->mode;
+	newinfo.pathlen = st_add3(newinfo.pathlen, tree_entry_len(p), 1);
 	newinfo.df_conflicts |= df_conflicts;
 
 	/*
@@ -863,14 +863,18 @@
  * itself - the caller needs to do the final check for the cache
  * entry having more data at the end!
  */
-static int do_compare_entry_piecewise(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+static int do_compare_entry_piecewise(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				      const struct traverse_info *info,
+				      const char *name, size_t namelen,
+				      unsigned mode)
 {
-	int len, pathlen, ce_len;
+	int pathlen, ce_len;
 	const char *ce_name;
 
 	if (info->prev) {
 		int cmp = do_compare_entry_piecewise(ce, info->prev,
-						     &info->name);
+						     info->name, info->namelen,
+						     info->mode);
 		if (cmp)
 			return cmp;
 	}
@@ -884,15 +888,15 @@
 	ce_len -= pathlen;
 	ce_name = ce->name + pathlen;
 
-	len = tree_entry_len(n);
-	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, n->path, len, n->mode);
+	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, name, namelen, mode);
 }
 
 static int do_compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			    const struct traverse_info *info,
-			    const struct name_entry *n)
+			    const char *name, size_t namelen,
+			    unsigned mode)
 {
-	int len, pathlen, ce_len;
+	int pathlen, ce_len;
 	const char *ce_name;
 	int cmp;
 
@@ -902,7 +906,7 @@
 	 * it is quicker to use the precomputed version.
 	 */
 	if (!info->traverse_path)
-		return do_compare_entry_piecewise(ce, info, n);
+		return do_compare_entry_piecewise(ce, info, name, namelen, mode);
 
 	cmp = strncmp(ce->name, info->traverse_path, info->pathlen);
 	if (cmp)
@@ -917,13 +921,12 @@
 	ce_len -= pathlen;
 	ce_name = ce->name + pathlen;
 
-	len = tree_entry_len(n);
-	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, n->path, len, n->mode);
+	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, name, namelen, mode);
 }
 
 static int compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
 {
-	int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info, n);
+	int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info, n->path, n->pathlen, n->mode);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
 
@@ -931,7 +934,7 @@
 	 * Even if the beginning compared identically, the ce should
 	 * compare as bigger than a directory leading up to it!
 	 */
-	return ce_namelen(ce) > traverse_path_len(info, n);
+	return ce_namelen(ce) > traverse_path_len(info, tree_entry_len(n));
 }
 
 static int ce_in_traverse_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
@@ -939,7 +942,8 @@
 {
 	if (!info->prev)
 		return 1;
-	if (do_compare_entry(ce, info->prev, &info->name))
+	if (do_compare_entry(ce, info->prev,
+			     info->name, info->namelen, info->mode))
 		return 0;
 	/*
 	 * If ce (blob) is the same name as the path (which is a tree
@@ -954,7 +958,7 @@
 	struct index_state *istate,
 	int is_transient)
 {
-	int len = traverse_path_len(info, n);
+	size_t len = traverse_path_len(info, tree_entry_len(n));
 	struct cache_entry *ce =
 		is_transient ?
 		make_empty_transient_cache_entry(len) :
@@ -964,7 +968,8 @@
 	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
 	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	oidcpy(&ce->oid, &n->oid);
-	make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
+	/* len+1 because the cache_entry allocates space for NUL */
+	make_traverse_path(ce->name, len + 1, info, n->path, n->pathlen);
 
 	return ce;
 }
@@ -1057,13 +1062,12 @@
  * the directory.
  */
 static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
-			  const struct name_entry *p)
+			  const char *p, size_t p_len)
 {
 	int pos;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
 	int pfxlen = info->pathlen;
-	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p);
 
 	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
 		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
@@ -1099,7 +1103,7 @@
 			ce_len = ce_slash - ce_name;
 		else
 			ce_len = ce_namelen(ce) - pfxlen;
-		cmp = name_compare(p->path, p_len, ce_name, ce_len);
+		cmp = name_compare(p, p_len, ce_name, ce_len);
 		/*
 		 * Exact match; if we have a directory we need to
 		 * delay returning it.
@@ -1114,7 +1118,7 @@
 		 * E.g.  ce_name == "t-i", and p->path == "t"; we may
 		 * have "t/a" in the index.
 		 */
-		if (p_len < ce_len && !memcmp(ce_name, p->path, p_len) &&
+		if (p_len < ce_len && !memcmp(ce_name, p, p_len) &&
 		    ce_name[p_len] < '/')
 			continue; /* keep looking */
 		break;
@@ -1125,7 +1129,7 @@
 static struct cache_entry *find_cache_entry(struct traverse_info *info,
 					    const struct name_entry *p)
 {
-	int pos = find_cache_pos(info, p);
+	int pos = find_cache_pos(info, p->path, p->pathlen);
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
 
 	if (0 <= pos)
@@ -1138,10 +1142,10 @@
 {
 	if (info->prev) {
 		debug_path(info->prev);
-		if (*info->prev->name.path)
+		if (*info->prev->name)
 			putchar('/');
 	}
-	printf("%s", info->name.path);
+	printf("%s", info->name);
 }
 
 static void debug_name_entry(int i, struct name_entry *n)