Git v2.45 Release Notes
=======================

Backward Compatibility Notes

UI, Workflows & Features

 * Integrate the reftable code into the refs framework as a backend.
   With "git init --ref-format=reftable", hopefully it would be a lot
   more efficient to manage a repository with many references.

 * "git checkout -p" and friends learned that "@" is a synonym
   for "HEAD".

 * Variants of vimdiff learned to honor mergetool.<variant>.layout
   settings.

 * "git reflog" learned a "list" subcommand that enumerates known reflogs.

 * When a merge conflicted at a submodule, merge-ort backend used to
   unconditionally give a lengthy message to suggest how to resolve
   it.  Now the message can be squelched as an advice message.

 * "git for-each-ref" learned "--include-root-refs" option to show
   even the stuff outside the 'refs/' hierarchy.

 * "git rev-list --missing=print" has learned to optionally take
   "--allow-missing-tips", which allows the objects at the starting
   points to be missing.

 * "git merge-tree" has learned that the three trees involved in the
   3-way merge only need to be trees, not necessarily commits.

 * "git log --merge" learned to pay attention to CHERRY_PICK_HEAD and
   other kinds of *_HEAD pseudorefs.

 * Platform specific tweaks for OS/390 has been added to
   config.mak.uname.

 * Users with safe.bareRepository=explicit can still work from within
   $GIT_DIR of a seconary worktree (which resides at .git/worktrees/$name/)
   of the primary worktree without explicitly specifying the $GIT_DIR
   environment variable or the --git-dir=<path> option.

 * The output format for dates "iso-strict" has been tweaked to show
   a time in the Zulu timezone with "Z" suffix, instead of "+00:00".

 * "git diff" and friends learned two extra configuration variables,
   diff.srcPrefix and diff.dstPrefix.

 * The status.showUntrackedFiles configuration variable had a name
   that tempts users to set a Boolean value expressed in our usual
   "false", "off", and "0", but it only took "no".  This has been
   corrected so "true" and its synonyms are taken as "normal", while
   "false" and its synonyms are taken as "no".

 * Remove an ancient and not well maintained Hg-to-git migration
   script from contrib/.

 * Hints that suggest what to do after resolving conflicts can now be
   squelched by disabling advice.mergeConflict.

 * Allow git-cherry-pick(1) to automatically drop redundant commits via
   a new `--empty` option, similar to the `--empty` options for
   git-rebase(1) and git-am(1). Includes a soft deprecation of
   `--keep-redundant-commits` as well as some related docs changes and
   sequencer code cleanup.

 * "git config" learned "--comment=<message>" option to leave a
   comment immediately after the "variable = value" on the same line
   in the configuration file.

 * core.commentChar used to be limited to a single byte, but has been
   updated to allow an arbitrary multi-byte sequence.

 * "git add -p" and other "interactive hunk selection" UI has learned to
   skip showing the hunk immediately after it has already been shown, and
   an additional action to explicitly ask to reshow the current hunk.

 * "git pack-refs" learned the "--auto" option, which defers the decision of
   whether and how to pack to the ref backend. This is used by the reftable
   backend to avoid repacking of an already-optimal ref database. The new mode
   is triggered from "git gc --auto".

 * "git add -u <pathspec>" and "git commit [-i] <pathspec>" did not
   diagnose a pathspec element that did not match any files in certain
   situations, unlike "git add <pathspec>" did.

 * The userdiff patterns for C# has been updated.

 * Git writes a "waiting for your editor" message on an incomplete
   line after launching an editor, and then append another error
   message on the same line if the editor errors out.  It now clears
   the "waiting for..." line before giving the error message.

 * The filename used for rejected hunks "git apply --reject" creates
   was limited to PATH_MAX, which has been lifted.

 * When "git bisect" reports the commit it determined to be the
   culprit, we used to show it in a format that does not honor common
   UI tweaks, like log.date and log.decorate.  The code has been
   taught to use "git show" to follow more customizations.


Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.

 * The code to iterate over refs with the reftable backend has seen
   some optimization.

 * More tests that are marked as "ref-files only" have been updated to
   improve test coverage of reftable backend.

 * Some parts of command line completion script (in contrib/) have
   been micro-optimized.

 * The way placeholders are to be marked-up in documentation have been
   specified; use "_<placeholder>_" to typeset the word inside a pair
   of <angle-brackets> emphasized.

 * "git --no-lazy-fetch cmd" allows to run "cmd" while disabling lazy
   fetching of objects from the promisor remote, which may be handy
   for debugging.

 * The implementation in "git clean" that makes "-n" and "-i" ignore
   clean.requireForce has been simplified, together with the
   documentation.

 * Uses of xwrite() helper have been audited and updated for better
   error checking and simpler code.

 * Some trace2 events that lacked def_param have learned to show it,
   enriching the output.

 * The parse-options code that deals with abbreviated long option
   names have been cleaned up.

 * The code in reftable backend that creates new table files works
   better with the tempfile framework to avoid leaving cruft after a
   failure.

 * The reftable code has its own custom binary search function whose
   comparison callback has an unusual interface, which caused the
   binary search to degenerate into a linear search, which has been
   corrected.

 * The code to iterate over reflogs in the reftable has been optimized
   to reduce memory allocation and deallocation.

 * Work to support a repository that work with both SHA-1 and SHA-256
   hash algorithms has started.

 * A new fuzz target that exercises config parsing code has been
   added.

 * Fix the way recently added tests interpolate variables defined
   outside them, and document the best practice to help future
   developers.

 * Introduce an experimental protocol for contributors to propose the
   topic description to be used in the "What's cooking" report, the
   merge commit message for the topic, and in the release notes and
   document it in the SubmittingPatches document.

 * The t/README file now gives a hint on running individual tests in
   the "t/" directory with "make t<num>-*.sh t<num>-*.sh".
   (merge 8d383806fc pb/test-scripts-are-build-targets later to maint).

 * The "hint:" messages given by the advice mechanism, when given a
   message with a blank line, left a line with trailing whitespace,
   which has been cleansed.

 * Documentation rules has been explicitly described how to mark-up
   literal parts and a few manual pages have been updated as examples.

 * The .editorconfig file has been taught that a Makefile uses HT
   indentation.

 * t-prio-queue test has been cleaned up by using C99 compound
   literals; this is meant to also serve as a weather-balloon to smoke
   out folks with compilers who have trouble compiling code that uses
   the feature.

 * Windows binary used to decide the use of unix-domain socket at
   build time, but it learned to make the decision at runtime instead.

 * The "shared repository" test in the t0610 reftable test failed
   under restrictive umask setting (e.g. 007), which has been
   corrected.

 * Document and apply workaround for a buggy version of dash that
   mishandles "local var=val" construct.

 * The codepaths that reach date_mode_from_type() have been updated to
   pass "struct date_mode" by value to make them thread safe.

 * The strategy to compact multiple tables of reftables after many
   operations accumulate many entries has been improved to avoid
   accumulating too many tables uncollected.

 * The code to iterate over reftable blocks has seen some optimization
   to reduce memory allocation and deallocation.

 * The way "git fast-import" handles paths described in its input has
   been tightened up and more clearly documented.

 * The cvsimport tests required that the platform understands
   traditional timezone notations like CST6CDT, which has been
   updated to work on those systems as long as they understand
   POSIX notation with explicit tz transition dates.

 * The code to format trailers have been cleaned up.


Fixes since v2.44
-----------------

 * "git apply" on a filesystem without filemode support have learned
   to take a hint from what is in the index for the path, even when
   not working with the "--index" or "--cached" option, when checking
   the executable bit match what is required by the preimage in the
   patch.
   (merge 45b625142d cp/apply-core-filemode later to maint).

 * "git column" has been taught to reject negative padding value, as
   it would lead to nonsense behaviour including division by zero.
   (merge 76fb807faa kh/column-reject-negative-padding later to maint).

 * "git am --help" now tells readers what actions are available in
   "git am --whitespace=<action>", in addition to saying that the
   option is passed through to the underlying "git apply".
   (merge a171dac734 jc/am-whitespace-doc later to maint).

 * "git tag --column" failed to check the exit status of its "git
   column" invocation, which has been corrected.
   (merge 92e66478fc rj/tag-column-fix later to maint).

 * Credential helper based on libsecret (in contrib/) has been updated
   to handle an empty password correctly.
   (merge 8f1f2023b7 mh/libsecret-empty-password-fix later to maint).

 * "git difftool --dir-diff" learned to honor the "--trust-exit-code"
   option; it used to always exit with 0 and signalled success.
   (merge eb84c8b6ce ps/difftool-dir-diff-exit-code later to maint).

 * The code incorrectly attempted to use textconv cache when asked,
   even when we are not running in a repository, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge affe355fe7 jk/textconv-cache-outside-repo-fix later to maint).

 * Remove an empty file that shouldn't have been added in the first
   place.
   (merge 4f66942215 js/remove-cruft-files later to maint).

 * The logic to access reflog entries by date and number had ugly
   corner cases at the boundaries, which have been cleaned up.
   (merge 5edd126720 jk/reflog-special-cases-fix later to maint).

 * An error message from "git upload-pack", which responds to "git
   fetch" requests, had a trailing NUL in it, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge 3f4c7a0805 sg/upload-pack-error-message-fix later to maint).

 * Clarify wording in the CodingGuidelines that requires <git-compat-util.h>
   to be the first header file.
   (merge 4e89f0e07c jc/doc-compat-util later to maint).

 * "git commit -v --cleanup=scissors" used to add the scissors line
   twice in the log message buffer, which has been corrected.
   (merge e90cc075cc jt/commit-redundant-scissors-fix later to maint).

 * A custom remote helper no longer cannot access the newly created
   repository during "git clone", which is a regression in Git 2.44.
   This has been corrected.
   (merge 199f44cb2e ps/remote-helper-repo-initialization-fix later to maint).

 * Various parts of upload-pack have been updated to bound the resource
   consumption relative to the size of the repository to protect from
   abusive clients.
   (merge 6cd05e768b jk/upload-pack-bounded-resources later to maint).

 * The upload-pack program, when talking over v2, accepted the
   packfile-uris protocol extension from the client, even if it did
   not advertise the capability, which has been corrected.
   (merge a922bfa3b5 jk/upload-pack-v2-capability-cleanup later to maint).

 * Make sure failure return from merge_bases_many() is properly caught.
   (merge 25fd20eb44 js/merge-base-with-missing-commit later to maint).

 * FSMonitor client code was confused when FSEvents were given in a
   different case on a case-insensitive filesystem, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge 29c139ce78 jh/fsmonitor-icase-corner-case-fix later to maint).

 * The "core.commentChar" configuration variable only allows an ASCII
   character, which was not clearly documented, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge fb7c556f58 kh/doc-commentchar-is-a-byte later to maint).

 * With release 2.44 we got rid of all uses of test_i18ngrep and there
   is no in-flight topic that adds a new use of it.  Make a call to
   test_i18ngrep a hard failure, so that we can remove it at the end
   of this release cycle.
   (merge 381a83dfa3 jc/test-i18ngrep later to maint).

 * The command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to
   complete "git reflog" better.
   (merge 1284f9cc11 rj/complete-reflog later to maint).

 * The logic to complete the command line arguments to "git worktree"
   subcommand (in contrib/) has been updated to correctly honor things
   like "git -C dir" etc.
   (merge 3574816d98 rj/complete-worktree-paths-fix later to maint).

 * When git refuses to create a branch because the proposed branch
   name is not a valid refname, an advice message is given to refer
   the user to exact naming rules.
   (merge 8fbd903e58 kh/branch-ref-syntax-advice later to maint).

 * Code simplification by getting rid of code that sets an environment
   variable that is no longer used.
   (merge 72a8d3f027 pw/rebase-i-ignore-cherry-pick-help-environment later to maint).

 * The code to find the effective end of log messages can fall into an
   endless loop, which has been corrected.
   (merge 2541cba2d6 fs/find-end-of-log-message-fix later to maint).

 * Mark-up used in the documentation has been improved for
   consistency.
   (merge 45d5ed3e50 ja/doc-markup-fixes later to maint).

 * The status.showUntrackedFiles configuration variable was
   incorrectly documented to accept "false", which has been corrected.

 * Leaks from "git restore" have been plugged.
   (merge 2f64da0790 rj/restore-plug-leaks later to maint).

 * "git bugreport --no-suffix" was not supported and instead
   segfaulted, which has been corrected.
   (merge b3b57c69da js/bugreport-no-suffix-fix later to maint).

 * The documentation for "%(trailers[:options])" placeholder in the
   "--pretty" option of commands in the "git log" family has been
   updated.
   (merge bff85a338c bl/doc-key-val-sep-fix later to maint).

 * "git checkout --conflict=bad" reported a bad conflictStyle as if it
   were given to a configuration variable; it has been corrected to
   report that the command line option is bad.
   (merge 5a99c1ac1a pw/checkout-conflict-errorfix later to maint).

 * Code clean-up in the "git log" machinery that implements custom log
   message formatting.
   (merge 1c10b8e5b0 jk/pretty-subject-cleanup later to maint).

 * "git config" corrupted literal HT characters written in the
   configuration file as part of a value, which has been corrected.
   (merge e6895c3f97 ds/config-internal-whitespace-fix later to maint).

 * A unit test for reftable code tried to enumerate all files in a
   directory after reftable operations and expected to see nothing but
   the files it wanted to leave there, but was fooled by .nfs* cruft
   files left, which has been corrected.
   (merge 0068aa7946 ps/reftable-unit-test-nfs-workaround later to maint).

 * The implementation and documentation of "object-format" option
   exchange between the Git itself and its remote helpers did not
   quite match, which has been corrected.

 * The "--pretty=<shortHand>" option of the commands in the "git log"
   family, defined as "[pretty] shortHand = <expansion>" should have
   been looked up case insensitively, but was not, which has been
   corrected.
   (merge f999d5188b bl/pretty-shorthand-config-fix later to maint).

 * "git apply" failed to extract the filename the patch applied to,
   when the change was about an empty file created in or deleted from
   a directory whose name ends with a SP, which has been corrected.
   (merge 776ffd1a30 jc/apply-parse-diff-git-header-names-fix later to maint).

 * Update a more recent tutorial doc.
   (merge 95ab557b4b dg/myfirstobjectwalk-updates later to maint).

 * The test script had an incomplete and ineffective attempt to avoid
   clobbering the testing user's real crontab (and its equivalents),
   which has been completed.
   (merge 73cb87773b es/test-cron-safety later to maint).

 * Use advice_if_enabled() API to rewrite a simple pattern to
   call advise() after checking advice_enabled().
   (merge 6412d01527 rj/use-adv-if-enabled later to maint).

 * Another "set -u" fix for the bash prompt (in contrib/) script.
   (merge d7805bc743 vs/complete-with-set-u-fix later to maint).

 * "git checkout/switch --detach foo", after switching to the detached
   HEAD state, gave the tracking information for the 'foo' branch,
   which was pointless.

 * "git apply" has been updated to lift the hardcoded pathname length
   limit, which in turn allowed a mksnpath() function that is no
   longer used.
   (merge 708f7e0590 rs/apply-lift-path-length-limit later to maint).

 * A file descriptor leak in an error codepath, used when "git apply
   --reject" fails to create the *.rej file, has been corrected.
   (merge 2b1f456adf rs/apply-reject-fd-leakfix later to maint).

 * A config parser callback function fell through instead of returning
   after recognising and processing a variable, wasting cycles, which
   has been corrected.
   (merge a816ccd642 ds/fetch-config-parse-microfix later to maint).

 * Fix was added to work around a regression in libcURL 8.7.0 (which has
   already been fixed in their tip of the tree).
   (merge 92a209bf24 jk/libcurl-8.7-regression-workaround later to maint).

 * The variable that holds the value read from the core.excludefile
   configuration variable used to leak, which has been corrected.
   (merge 0e0fefb29f jc/unleak-core-excludesfile later to maint).

 * vreportf(), which is used by error() and friends, has been taught
   to give the error message printf-format string when its vsnprintf()
   call fails, instead of showing nothing useful to identify the
   nature of the error.
   (merge c63adab961 rs/usage-fallback-to-show-message-format later to maint).

 * Adjust to an upcoming changes to GNU make that breaks our Makefiles.
   (merge 227b8fd902 tb/make-indent-conditional-with-non-spaces later to maint).

 * Git 2.44 introduced a regression that makes the updated code to
   barf in repositories with multi-pack index written by older
   versions of Git, which has been corrected.

 * When .git/rr-cache/ rerere database gets corrupted or rerere is fed to
   work on a file with conflicted hunks resolved incompletely, the rerere
   machinery got confused and segfaulted, which has been corrected.
   (merge 167395bb47 mr/rerere-crash-fix later to maint).

 * The "receive-pack" program (which responds to "git push") was not
   converted to run "git maintenance --auto" when other codepaths that
   used to run "git gc --auto" were updated, which has been corrected.
   (merge 7bf3057d9c ps/run-auto-maintenance-in-receive-pack later to maint).

 * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
   (merge f0e578c69c rs/use-xstrncmpz later to maint).
   (merge 83e6eb7d7a ba/credential-test-clean-fix later to maint).
   (merge 64562d784d jb/doc-interactive-singlekey-do-not-need-perl later to maint).
   (merge c431a235e2 cp/t9146-use-test-path-helpers later to maint).
   (merge 82d75402d5 ds/doc-send-email-capitalization later to maint).
   (merge 41bff66e35 jc/doc-add-placeholder-fix later to maint).
   (merge 6835f0efe9 jw/remote-doc-typofix later to maint).
   (merge 244001aa20 hs/rebase-not-in-progress later to maint).
   (merge 2ca6c07db2 jc/no-include-of-compat-util-from-headers later to maint).
   (merge 87bd7fbb9c rs/fetch-simplify-with-starts-with later to maint).
   (merge f39addd0d9 rs/name-rev-with-mempool later to maint).
   (merge 9a97b43e03 rs/submodule-prefix-simplify later to maint).
   (merge 40b8076462 ak/rebase-autosquash later to maint).
   (merge 3223204456 eg/add-uflags later to maint).
   (merge 5f78d52dce es/config-doc-sort-sections later to maint).
   (merge 781fb7b4c2 as/option-names-in-messages later to maint).
   (merge 51d41dc243 jk/doc-remote-helpers-markup-fix later to maint).
   (merge e1aaf309db pb/ci-win-artifact-names-fix later to maint).
   (merge ad538c61da jc/index-pack-fsck-levels later to maint).
   (merge 67471bc704 ja/doc-formatting-fix later to maint).
   (merge 86f9ce7dd6 bl/doc-config-fixes later to maint).
   (merge 0d527842b7 az/grep-group-error-message-update later to maint).
   (merge 7c43bdf07b rs/strbuf-expand-bad-format later to maint).
   (merge 8b68b48d5c ds/typofix-core-config-doc later to maint).
   (merge 39bb692152 rs/imap-send-use-xsnprintf later to maint).
   (merge 8d320cec60 jc/t2104-style-fixes later to maint).
   (merge b4454d5a7b pw/t3428-cleanup later to maint).
   (merge 84a7c33a4b pf/commitish-committish later to maint).
   (merge 8882ee9d68 la/mailmap-entry later to maint).
   (merge 44bdba2fa6 rs/no-openssl-compilation-fix-on-macos later to maint).
   (merge f412d72c19 yb/replay-doc-linkfix later to maint).
   (merge 5da40be8d7 xx/rfc2822-date-format-in-doc later to maint).