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// Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package datastore
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"reflect"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
"google.golang.org/api/option"
gtransport "google.golang.org/api/transport/grpc"
pb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/datastore/v1"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
)
const (
prodAddr = "datastore.googleapis.com:443"
userAgent = "gcloud-golang-datastore/20160401"
)
// ScopeDatastore grants permissions to view and/or manage datastore entities
const ScopeDatastore = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/datastore"
// resourcePrefixHeader is the name of the metadata header used to indicate
// the resource being operated on.
const resourcePrefixHeader = "google-cloud-resource-prefix"
// Client is a client for reading and writing data in a datastore dataset.
type Client struct {
conn *grpc.ClientConn
client pb.DatastoreClient
endpoint string
dataset string // Called dataset by the datastore API, synonym for project ID.
}
// NewClient creates a new Client for a given dataset.
// If the project ID is empty, it is derived from the DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID environment variable.
// If the DATASTORE_EMULATOR_HOST environment variable is set, client will use its value
// to connect to a locally-running datastore emulator.
func NewClient(ctx context.Context, projectID string, opts ...option.ClientOption) (*Client, error) {
var o []option.ClientOption
// Environment variables for gcd emulator:
// https://cloud.google.com/datastore/docs/tools/datastore-emulator
// If the emulator is available, dial it directly (and don't pass any credentials).
if addr := os.Getenv("DATASTORE_EMULATOR_HOST"); addr != "" {
conn, err := grpc.Dial(addr, grpc.WithInsecure())
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("grpc.Dial: %v", err)
}
o = []option.ClientOption{option.WithGRPCConn(conn)}
} else {
o = []option.ClientOption{
option.WithEndpoint(prodAddr),
option.WithScopes(ScopeDatastore),
option.WithUserAgent(userAgent),
}
}
// Warn if we see the legacy emulator environment variables.
if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_HOST") != "" && os.Getenv("DATASTORE_EMULATOR_HOST") == "" {
log.Print("WARNING: legacy environment variable DATASTORE_HOST is ignored. Use DATASTORE_EMULATOR_HOST instead.")
}
if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_DATASET") != "" && os.Getenv("DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID") == "" {
log.Print("WARNING: legacy environment variable DATASTORE_DATASET is ignored. Use DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID instead.")
}
if projectID == "" {
projectID = os.Getenv("DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID")
}
if projectID == "" {
return nil, errors.New("datastore: missing project/dataset id")
}
o = append(o, opts...)
conn, err := gtransport.Dial(ctx, o...)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("dialing: %v", err)
}
return &Client{
conn: conn,
client: newDatastoreClient(conn, projectID),
dataset: projectID,
}, nil
}
var (
// ErrInvalidEntityType is returned when functions like Get or Next are
// passed a dst or src argument of invalid type.
ErrInvalidEntityType = errors.New("datastore: invalid entity type")
// ErrInvalidKey is returned when an invalid key is presented.
ErrInvalidKey = errors.New("datastore: invalid key")
// ErrNoSuchEntity is returned when no entity was found for a given key.
ErrNoSuchEntity = errors.New("datastore: no such entity")
)
type multiArgType int
const (
multiArgTypeInvalid multiArgType = iota
multiArgTypePropertyLoadSaver
multiArgTypeStruct
multiArgTypeStructPtr
multiArgTypeInterface
)
// ErrFieldMismatch is returned when a field is to be loaded into a different
// type than the one it was stored from, or when a field is missing or
// unexported in the destination struct.
// StructType is the type of the struct pointed to by the destination argument
// passed to Get or to Iterator.Next.
type ErrFieldMismatch struct {
StructType reflect.Type
FieldName string
Reason string
}
func (e *ErrFieldMismatch) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("datastore: cannot load field %q into a %q: %s",
e.FieldName, e.StructType, e.Reason)
}
// GeoPoint represents a location as latitude/longitude in degrees.
type GeoPoint struct {
Lat, Lng float64
}
// Valid returns whether a GeoPoint is within [-90, 90] latitude and [-180, 180] longitude.
func (g GeoPoint) Valid() bool {
return -90 <= g.Lat && g.Lat <= 90 && -180 <= g.Lng && g.Lng <= 180
}
func keyToProto(k *Key) *pb.Key {
if k == nil {
return nil
}
var path []*pb.Key_PathElement
for {
el := &pb.Key_PathElement{Kind: k.Kind}
if k.ID != 0 {
el.IdType = &pb.Key_PathElement_Id{Id: k.ID}
} else if k.Name != "" {
el.IdType = &pb.Key_PathElement_Name{Name: k.Name}
}
path = append(path, el)
if k.Parent == nil {
break
}
k = k.Parent
}
// The path should be in order [grandparent, parent, child]
// We did it backward above, so reverse back.
for i := 0; i < len(path)/2; i++ {
path[i], path[len(path)-i-1] = path[len(path)-i-1], path[i]
}
key := &pb.Key{Path: path}
if k.Namespace != "" {
key.PartitionId = &pb.PartitionId{
NamespaceId: k.Namespace,
}
}
return key
}
// protoToKey decodes a protocol buffer representation of a key into an
// equivalent *Key object. If the key is invalid, protoToKey will return the
// invalid key along with ErrInvalidKey.
func protoToKey(p *pb.Key) (*Key, error) {
var key *Key
var namespace string
if partition := p.PartitionId; partition != nil {
namespace = partition.NamespaceId
}
for _, el := range p.Path {
key = &Key{
Namespace: namespace,
Kind: el.Kind,
ID: el.GetId(),
Name: el.GetName(),
Parent: key,
}
}
if !key.valid() { // Also detects key == nil.
return key, ErrInvalidKey
}
return key, nil
}
// multiKeyToProto is a batch version of keyToProto.
func multiKeyToProto(keys []*Key) []*pb.Key {
ret := make([]*pb.Key, len(keys))
for i, k := range keys {
ret[i] = keyToProto(k)
}
return ret
}
// multiKeyToProto is a batch version of keyToProto.
func multiProtoToKey(keys []*pb.Key) ([]*Key, error) {
hasErr := false
ret := make([]*Key, len(keys))
err := make(MultiError, len(keys))
for i, k := range keys {
ret[i], err[i] = protoToKey(k)
if err[i] != nil {
hasErr = true
}
}
if hasErr {
return nil, err
}
return ret, nil
}
// multiValid is a batch version of Key.valid. It returns an error, not a
// []bool.
func multiValid(key []*Key) error {
invalid := false
for _, k := range key {
if !k.valid() {
invalid = true
break
}
}
if !invalid {
return nil
}
err := make(MultiError, len(key))
for i, k := range key {
if !k.valid() {
err[i] = ErrInvalidKey
}
}
return err
}
// checkMultiArg checks that v has type []S, []*S, []I, or []P, for some struct
// type S, for some interface type I, or some non-interface non-pointer type P
// such that P or *P implements PropertyLoadSaver.
//
// It returns what category the slice's elements are, and the reflect.Type
// that represents S, I or P.
//
// As a special case, PropertyList is an invalid type for v.
//
// TODO(djd): multiArg is very confusing. Fold this logic into the
// relevant Put/Get methods to make the logic less opaque.
func checkMultiArg(v reflect.Value) (m multiArgType, elemType reflect.Type) {
if v.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
return multiArgTypeInvalid, nil
}
if v.Type() == typeOfPropertyList {
return multiArgTypeInvalid, nil
}
elemType = v.Type().Elem()
if reflect.PtrTo(elemType).Implements(typeOfPropertyLoadSaver) {
return multiArgTypePropertyLoadSaver, elemType
}
switch elemType.Kind() {
case reflect.Struct:
return multiArgTypeStruct, elemType
case reflect.Interface:
return multiArgTypeInterface, elemType
case reflect.Ptr:
elemType = elemType.Elem()
if elemType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
return multiArgTypeStructPtr, elemType
}
}
return multiArgTypeInvalid, nil
}
// Close closes the Client.
func (c *Client) Close() error {
return c.conn.Close()
}
// Get loads the entity stored for key into dst, which must be a struct pointer
// or implement PropertyLoadSaver. If there is no such entity for the key, Get
// returns ErrNoSuchEntity.
//
// The values of dst's unmatched struct fields are not modified, and matching
// slice-typed fields are not reset before appending to them. In particular, it
// is recommended to pass a pointer to a zero valued struct on each Get call.
//
// ErrFieldMismatch is returned when a field is to be loaded into a different
// type than the one it was stored from, or when a field is missing or
// unexported in the destination struct. ErrFieldMismatch is only returned if
// dst is a struct pointer.
func (c *Client) Get(ctx context.Context, key *Key, dst interface{}) error {
if dst == nil { // get catches nil interfaces; we need to catch nil ptr here
return ErrInvalidEntityType
}
err := c.get(ctx, []*Key{key}, []interface{}{dst}, nil)
if me, ok := err.(MultiError); ok {
return me[0]
}
return err
}
// GetMulti is a batch version of Get.
//
// dst must be a []S, []*S, []I or []P, for some struct type S, some interface
// type I, or some non-interface non-pointer type P such that P or *P
// implements PropertyLoadSaver. If an []I, each element must be a valid dst
// for Get: it must be a struct pointer or implement PropertyLoadSaver.
//
// As a special case, PropertyList is an invalid type for dst, even though a
// PropertyList is a slice of structs. It is treated as invalid to avoid being
// mistakenly passed when []PropertyList was intended.
func (c *Client) GetMulti(ctx context.Context, keys []*Key, dst interface{}) error {
return c.get(ctx, keys, dst, nil)
}
func (c *Client) get(ctx context.Context, keys []*Key, dst interface{}, opts *pb.ReadOptions) error {
v := reflect.ValueOf(dst)
multiArgType, _ := checkMultiArg(v)
// Sanity checks
if multiArgType == multiArgTypeInvalid {
return errors.New("datastore: dst has invalid type")
}
if len(keys) != v.Len() {
return errors.New("datastore: keys and dst slices have different length")
}
if len(keys) == 0 {
return nil
}
// Go through keys, validate them, serialize then, and create a dict mapping them to their indices.
// Equal keys are deduped.
multiErr, any := make(MultiError, len(keys)), false
keyMap := make(map[string][]int, len(keys))
pbKeys := make([]*pb.Key, 0, len(keys))
for i, k := range keys {
if !k.valid() {
multiErr[i] = ErrInvalidKey
any = true
} else {
ks := k.String()
if _, ok := keyMap[ks]; !ok {
pbKeys = append(pbKeys, keyToProto(k))
}
keyMap[ks] = append(keyMap[ks], i)
}
}
if any {
return multiErr
}
req := &pb.LookupRequest{
ProjectId: c.dataset,
Keys: pbKeys,
ReadOptions: opts,
}
resp, err := c.client.Lookup(ctx, req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
found := resp.Found
missing := resp.Missing
// Upper bound 100 iterations to prevent infinite loop.
// We choose 100 iterations somewhat logically:
// Max number of Entities you can request from Datastore is 1,000.
// Max size for a Datastore Entity is 1 MiB.
// Max request size is 10 MiB, so we assume max response size is also 10 MiB.
// 1,000 / 10 = 100.
// Note that if ctx has a deadline, the deadline will probably
// be hit before we reach 100 iterations.
for i := 0; len(resp.Deferred) > 0 && i < 100; i++ {
req.Keys = resp.Deferred
resp, err = c.client.Lookup(ctx, req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
found = append(found, resp.Found...)
missing = append(missing, resp.Missing...)
}
filled := 0
for _, e := range found {
k, err := protoToKey(e.Entity.Key)
if err != nil {
return errors.New("datastore: internal error: server returned an invalid key")
}
filled += len(keyMap[k.String()])
for _, index := range keyMap[k.String()] {
elem := v.Index(index)
if multiArgType == multiArgTypePropertyLoadSaver || multiArgType == multiArgTypeStruct {
elem = elem.Addr()
}
if multiArgType == multiArgTypeStructPtr && elem.IsNil() {
elem.Set(reflect.New(elem.Type().Elem()))
}
if err := loadEntityProto(elem.Interface(), e.Entity); err != nil {
multiErr[index] = err
any = true
}
}
}
for _, e := range missing {
k, err := protoToKey(e.Entity.Key)
if err != nil {
return errors.New("datastore: internal error: server returned an invalid key")
}
filled += len(keyMap[k.String()])
for _, index := range keyMap[k.String()] {
multiErr[index] = ErrNoSuchEntity
}
any = true
}
if filled != len(keys) {
return errors.New("datastore: internal error: server returned the wrong number of entities")
}
if any {
return multiErr
}
return nil
}
// Put saves the entity src into the datastore with key k. src must be a struct
// pointer or implement PropertyLoadSaver; if a struct pointer then any
// unexported fields of that struct will be skipped. If k is an incomplete key,
// the returned key will be a unique key generated by the datastore.
func (c *Client) Put(ctx context.Context, key *Key, src interface{}) (*Key, error) {
k, err := c.PutMulti(ctx, []*Key{key}, []interface{}{src})
if err != nil {
if me, ok := err.(MultiError); ok {
return nil, me[0]
}
return nil, err
}
return k[0], nil
}
// PutMulti is a batch version of Put.
//
// src must satisfy the same conditions as the dst argument to GetMulti.
func (c *Client) PutMulti(ctx context.Context, keys []*Key, src interface{}) ([]*Key, error) {
mutations, err := putMutations(keys, src)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Make the request.
req := &pb.CommitRequest{
ProjectId: c.dataset,
Mutations: mutations,
Mode: pb.CommitRequest_NON_TRANSACTIONAL,
}
resp, err := c.client.Commit(ctx, req)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Copy any newly minted keys into the returned keys.
ret := make([]*Key, len(keys))
for i, key := range keys {
if key.Incomplete() {
// This key is in the mutation results.
ret[i], err = protoToKey(resp.MutationResults[i].Key)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.New("datastore: internal error: server returned an invalid key")
}
} else {
ret[i] = key
}
}
return ret, nil
}
func putMutations(keys []*Key, src interface{}) ([]*pb.Mutation, error) {
v := reflect.ValueOf(src)
multiArgType, _ := checkMultiArg(v)
if multiArgType == multiArgTypeInvalid {
return nil, errors.New("datastore: src has invalid type")
}
if len(keys) != v.Len() {
return nil, errors.New("datastore: key and src slices have different length")
}
if len(keys) == 0 {
return nil, nil
}
if err := multiValid(keys); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
mutations := make([]*pb.Mutation, 0, len(keys))
multiErr := make(MultiError, len(keys))
hasErr := false
for i, k := range keys {
elem := v.Index(i)
// Two cases where we need to take the address:
// 1) multiArgTypePropertyLoadSaver => &elem implements PLS
// 2) multiArgTypeStruct => saveEntity needs *struct
if multiArgType == multiArgTypePropertyLoadSaver || multiArgType == multiArgTypeStruct {
elem = elem.Addr()
}
p, err := saveEntity(k, elem.Interface())
if err != nil {
multiErr[i] = err
hasErr = true
}
var mut *pb.Mutation
if k.Incomplete() {
mut = &pb.Mutation{Operation: &pb.Mutation_Insert{Insert: p}}
} else {
mut = &pb.Mutation{Operation: &pb.Mutation_Upsert{Upsert: p}}
}
mutations = append(mutations, mut)
}
if hasErr {
return nil, multiErr
}
return mutations, nil
}
// Delete deletes the entity for the given key.
func (c *Client) Delete(ctx context.Context, key *Key) error {
err := c.DeleteMulti(ctx, []*Key{key})
if me, ok := err.(MultiError); ok {
return me[0]
}
return err
}
// DeleteMulti is a batch version of Delete.
func (c *Client) DeleteMulti(ctx context.Context, keys []*Key) error {
mutations, err := deleteMutations(keys)
if err != nil {
return err
}
req := &pb.CommitRequest{
ProjectId: c.dataset,
Mutations: mutations,
Mode: pb.CommitRequest_NON_TRANSACTIONAL,
}
_, err = c.client.Commit(ctx, req)
return err
}
func deleteMutations(keys []*Key) ([]*pb.Mutation, error) {
mutations := make([]*pb.Mutation, 0, len(keys))
set := make(map[string]bool, len(keys))
for _, k := range keys {
if k.Incomplete() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("datastore: can't delete the incomplete key: %v", k)
}
ks := k.String()
if !set[ks] {
mutations = append(mutations, &pb.Mutation{
Operation: &pb.Mutation_Delete{Delete: keyToProto(k)},
})
}
set[ks] = true
}
return mutations, nil
}