| # Contributing to the Google API Go Client | |
| ## Master git repo | |
| Our master git repo is https://code.googlesource.com/google-api-go-client | |
| ## Pull Requests | |
| We do **NOT** use Github pull requests. We use Gerrit instead | |
| with the same workflow as Go. See below. | |
| ## The source tree | |
| Most of this project is auto-generated. | |
| The notable directories which are not auto-generated: | |
| ``` | |
| google-api-go-generator/ -- the generator itself | |
| googleapi/ -- shared common code, used by auto-generated code | |
| examples/ -- sample code | |
| ``` | |
| # Contribution Guidelines | |
| ## Introduction | |
| This document explains how to contribute changes to the google-api-go-client project. | |
| ## Testing redux | |
| You've written and tested your code, but | |
| before sending code out for review, run all the tests for the whole | |
| tree to make sure the changes don't break other packages or programs: | |
| ``` | |
| $ make cached | |
| $ go test ./... | |
| ... | |
| ok google.golang.org/api/google-api-go-generator 0.226s | |
| ok google.golang.org/api/googleapi 0.015s | |
| ... | |
| ``` | |
| Ideally, you will add unit tests to one of the above directories to | |
| demonstrate the changes you are making and include the tests with your | |
| code review. | |
| ## Code review | |
| Changes to google-api-go-client must be reviewed before they are submitted, | |
| no matter who makes the change. | |
| A custom git command called `git-codereview`, | |
| discussed below, helps manage the code review process through a Google-hosted | |
| [instance](https://code-review.googlesource.com/) of the code review | |
| system called [Gerrit](https://code.google.com/p/gerrit/). | |
| ### Set up authentication for code review | |
| The Git code hosting server and Gerrit code review server both use a Google | |
| Account to authenticate. You therefore need a Google Account to proceed. | |
| (If you can use the account to | |
| [sign in at google.com](https://www.google.com/accounts/Login), | |
| you can use it to sign in to the code review server.) | |
| The email address you use with the code review system | |
| needs to be added to the [`CONTRIBUTORS`](/CONTRIBUTORS) file | |
| with your first code review. | |
| You can [create a Google Account](https://www.google.com/accounts/NewAccount) | |
| associated with any address where you receive email. | |
| Visit the site [code.googlesource.com](https://code.googlesource.com) | |
| and log in using your Google Account. | |
| Click on the "Generate Password" link that appears at the top of the page. | |
| Click the radio button that says "Only `code.googlesource.com`" | |
| to use this authentication token only for the google-api-go-client project. | |
| Further down the page is a box containing commands to install | |
| the authentication cookie in file called `.gitcookies` in your home | |
| directory. | |
| Copy the text for the commands into a Unix shell window to execute it. | |
| That will install the authentication token. | |
| (If you are on a Windows computer, you should instead follow the instructions | |
| in the yellow box to run the command.) | |
| ### Register with Gerrit | |
| Now that you have a Google account and the authentication token, | |
| you need to register your account with Gerrit, the code review system. | |
| To do this, visit [golang.org/cl](https://golang.org/cl) | |
| and log in using the same Google Account you used above. | |
| That is all that is required. | |
| ### Install the git-codereview command | |
| Now install the `git-codereview` command by running, | |
| ``` | |
| go get -u golang.org/x/review/git-codereview | |
| ``` | |
| Make sure `git-codereview` is installed in your shell path, so that the | |
| `git` command can find it. Check that | |
| ``` | |
| $ git codereview help | |
| ``` | |
| prints help text, not an error. | |
| Note to Git aficionados: The `git-codereview` command is not required to | |
| upload and manage Gerrit code reviews. For those who prefer plain Git, the text | |
| below gives the Git equivalent of each git-codereview command. If you do use plain | |
| Git, note that you still need the commit hooks that the git-codereview command | |
| configures; those hooks add a Gerrit `Change-Id` line to the commit | |
| message and check that all Go source files have been formatted with gofmt. Even | |
| if you intend to use plain Git for daily work, install the hooks in a new Git | |
| checkout by running `git-codereview hooks`. | |
| ### Set up git aliases | |
| The `git-codereview` command can be run directly from the shell | |
| by typing, for instance, | |
| ``` | |
| $ git codereview sync | |
| ``` | |
| but it is more convenient to set up aliases for `git-codereview`'s own | |
| subcommands, so that the above becomes, | |
| ``` | |
| $ git sync | |
| ``` | |
| The `git-codereview` subcommands have been chosen to be distinct from | |
| Git's own, so it's safe to do so. | |
| The aliases are optional, but in the rest of this document we will assume | |
| they are installed. | |
| To install them, copy this text into your Git configuration file | |
| (usually `.gitconfig` in your home directory): | |
| ``` | |
| [alias] | |
| change = codereview change | |
| gofmt = codereview gofmt | |
| mail = codereview mail | |
| pending = codereview pending | |
| submit = codereview submit | |
| sync = codereview sync | |
| ``` | |
| ### Understanding the git-codereview command | |
| After installing the `git-codereview` command, you can run | |
| ``` | |
| $ git codereview help | |
| ``` | |
| to learn more about its commands. | |
| You can also read the [command documentation](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/review/git-codereview). | |
| ### Switch to the master branch | |
| New changes should | |
| only be made based on the master branch. | |
| Before making a change, make sure you start on the master branch: | |
| ``` | |
| $ git checkout master | |
| $ git sync | |
| ```` | |
| (In Git terms, `git sync` runs | |
| `git pull -r`.) | |
| ### Make a change | |
| The entire checked-out tree is writable. | |
| Once you have edited files, you must tell Git that they have been modified. | |
| You must also tell Git about any files that are added, removed, or renamed files. | |
| These operations are done with the usual Git commands, | |
| `git add`, | |
| `git rm`, | |
| and | |
| `git mv`. | |
| If you wish to checkpoint your work, or are ready to send the code out for review, run | |
| ``` | |
| $ git change <branch> | |
| ``` | |
| from any directory in your google-api-go-client repository to commit the changes so far. | |
| The name `<branch>` is an arbitrary one you choose to identify the | |
| local branch containing your changes. | |
| (In Git terms, `git change <branch>` | |
| runs `git checkout -b branch`, | |
| then `git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master`, | |
| then `git commit`.) | |
| Git will open a change description file in your editor. | |
| (It uses the editor named by the `$EDITOR` environment variable, | |
| `vi` by default.) | |
| The file will look like: | |
| ``` | |
| # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting | |
| # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit. | |
| # On branch foo | |
| # Changes not staged for commit: | |
| # modified: editedfile.go | |
| # | |
| ``` | |
| At the beginning of this file is a blank line; replace it | |
| with a thorough description of your change. | |
| The first line of the change description is conventionally a one-line | |
| summary of the change, prefixed by `google-api-go-client:`, | |
| and is used as the subject for code review mail. | |
| The rest of the | |
| description elaborates and should provide context for the | |
| change and explain what it does. | |
| If there is a helpful reference, mention it here. | |
| After editing, the template might now read: | |
| ``` | |
| math: improved Sin, Cos and Tan precision for very large arguments | |
| The existing implementation has poor numerical properties for | |
| large arguments, so use the McGillicutty algorithm to improve | |
| accuracy above 1e10. | |
| The algorithm is described at http://wikipedia.org/wiki/McGillicutty_Algorithm | |
| Fixes #54 | |
| # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting | |
| # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit. | |
| # On branch foo | |
| # Changes not staged for commit: | |
| # modified: editedfile.go | |
| # | |
| ``` | |
| The commented section of the file lists all the modified files in your client. | |
| It is best to keep unrelated changes in different change lists, | |
| so if you see a file listed that should not be included, abort | |
| the command and move that file to a different branch. | |
| The special notation "Fixes #54" associates the change with issue 54 in the | |
| [google-api-go-client issue tracker](https://github.com/google/google-api-go-client/issues/54). | |
| When this change is eventually submitted, the issue | |
| tracker will automatically mark the issue as fixed. | |
| (There are several such conventions, described in detail in the | |
| [GitHub Issue Tracker documentation](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-via-commit-messages/).) | |
| Once you have finished writing the commit message, | |
| save the file and exit the editor. | |
| If you wish to do more editing, re-stage your changes using | |
| `git add`, and then run | |
| ``` | |
| $ git change | |
| ``` | |
| to update the change description and incorporate the staged changes. The | |
| change description contains a `Change-Id` line near the bottom, | |
| added by a Git commit hook during the initial | |
| `git change`. | |
| That line is used by Gerrit to match successive uploads of the same change. | |
| Do not edit or delete it. | |
| (In Git terms, `git change` with no branch name | |
| runs `git commit --amend`.) | |
| ### Mail the change for review | |
| Once the change is ready, mail it out for review: | |
| ``` | |
| $ git mail | |
| ``` | |
| You can specify a reviewer or CC interested parties | |
| using the `-r` or `-cc` options. | |
| Both accept a comma-separated list of email addresses: | |
| ``` | |
| $ git mail -r joe@golang.org -cc mabel@example.com,math-nuts@swtch.com | |
| ``` | |
| Unless explicitly told otherwise, such as in the discussion leading | |
| up to sending in the change list, please specify | |
| `bradfitz@golang.org`, `gmlewis@google.com`, or | |
| `mcgreevy@golang.org` as a reviewer. | |
| (In Git terms, `git mail` pushes the local committed | |
| changes to Gerrit using `git push origin HEAD:refs/for/master`.) | |
| If your change relates to an open issue, please add a comment to the issue | |
| announcing your proposed fix, including a link to your CL. | |
| The code review server assigns your change an issue number and URL, | |
| which `git mail` will print, something like: | |
| ``` | |
| remote: New Changes: | |
| remote: https://code-review.googlesource.com/99999 math: improved Sin, Cos and Tan precision for very large arguments | |
| ``` | |
| ### Reviewing code | |
| Running `git mail` will send an email to you and the | |
| reviewers asking them to visit the issue's URL and make comments on the change. | |
| When done, the reviewer adds comments through the Gerrit user interface | |
| and clicks "Reply" to send comments back. | |
| You will receive a mail notification when this happens. | |
| You must reply through the web interface. | |
| ### Revise and upload | |
| You must respond to review comments through the web interface. | |
| When you have revised the code and are ready for another round of review, | |
| stage those changes and use `git change` to update the | |
| commit. | |
| To send the update change list for another round of review, | |
| run `git mail` again. | |
| The reviewer can comment on the new copy, and the process repeats. | |
| The reviewer approves the change by giving it a positive score | |
| (+1 or +2) and replying `LGTM`: looks good to me. | |
| You can see a list of your pending changes by running | |
| `git pending`, and switch between change branches with | |
| `git change <branch>`. | |
| ### Synchronize your client | |
| While you were working, others might have submitted changes to the repository. | |
| To update your local branch, run | |
| ``` | |
| $ git sync | |
| ``` | |
| (In git terms, `git sync` runs | |
| `git pull -r`.) | |
| If files you were editing have changed, Git does its best to merge the | |
| remote changes into your local changes. | |
| It may leave some files to merge by hand. | |
| For example, suppose you have edited `sin.go` but | |
| someone else has committed an independent change. | |
| When you run `git sync`, | |
| you will get the (scary-looking) output: | |
| ``` | |
| $ git sync | |
| Failed to merge in the changes. | |
| Patch failed at 0023 math: improved Sin, Cos and Tan precision for very large arguments | |
| The copy of the patch that failed is found in: | |
| /home/you/repo/.git/rebase-apply/patch | |
| When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue". | |
| If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git rebase --skip" instead. | |
| To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run "git rebase --abort". | |
| ``` | |
| If this happens, run | |
| ``` | |
| $ git status | |
| ``` | |
| to see which files failed to merge. | |
| The output will look something like this: | |
| ``` | |
| rebase in progress; onto a24c3eb | |
| You are currently rebasing branch 'mcgillicutty' on 'a24c3eb'. | |
| (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue") | |
| (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch) | |
| (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch) | |
| Unmerged paths: | |
| (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) | |
| (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution) | |
| _both modified: sin.go_ | |
| ``` | |
| The only important part in that transcript is the italicized "both modified" | |
| line: Git failed to merge your changes with the conflicting change. | |
| When this happens, Git leaves both sets of edits in the file, | |
| with conflicts marked by `<<<<<<<` and | |
| `>>>>>>>`. | |
| It is now your job to edit the file to combine them. | |
| Continuing the example, searching for those strings in `sin.go` | |
| might turn up: | |
| ``` | |
| arg = scale(arg) | |
| <<<<<<< HEAD | |
| if arg > 1e9 { | |
| ======= | |
| if arg > 1e10 { | |
| >>>>>>> mcgillicutty | |
| largeReduce(arg) | |
| ``` | |
| Git doesn't show it, but suppose the original text that both edits | |
| started with was 1e8; you changed it to 1e10 and the other change to 1e9, | |
| so the correct answer might now be 1e10. First, edit the section | |
| to remove the markers and leave the correct code: | |
| ``` | |
| arg = scale(arg) | |
| if arg > 1e10 { | |
| largeReduce(arg) | |
| ``` | |
| Then tell Git that the conflict is resolved by running | |
| ``` | |
| $ git add sin.go | |
| ``` | |
| If you had been editing the file, say for debugging, but do not | |
| care to preserve your changes, you can run | |
| `git reset HEAD sin.go` | |
| to abandon your changes. | |
| Then run `git rebase --continue` to | |
| restore the change commit. | |
| ### Reviewing code by others | |
| You can import a change proposed by someone else into your local Git repository. | |
| On the Gerrit review page, click the "Download ▼" link in the upper right | |
| corner, copy the "Checkout" command and run it from your local Git repo. | |
| It should look something like this: | |
| ``` | |
| $ git fetch https://code.googlesource.com/review refs/changes/21/1221/1 && git checkout FETCH_HEAD | |
| ``` | |
| To revert, change back to the branch you were working in. | |
| ### Submit the change after the review | |
| After the code has been `LGTM`'ed, an approver may | |
| submit it to the master branch using the Gerrit UI. | |
| There is a "Submit" button on the web page for the change | |
| that appears once the change is approved (marked +2). | |
| This checks the change into the repository. | |
| The change description will include a link to the code review, | |
| and the code review will be updated with a link to the change | |
| in the repository. | |
| Since the method used to integrate the changes is "Cherry Pick", | |
| the commit hashes in the repository will be changed by | |
| the submit operation. | |
| ### More information | |
| In addition to the information here, the Go community maintains a [CodeReview](https://golang.org/wiki/CodeReview) wiki page. | |
| Feel free to contribute to this page as you learn the review process. | |
| ## Contributors | |
| Files in the google-api-go-client repository don't list author names, | |
| both to avoid clutter and to avoid having to keep the lists up to date. | |
| Instead, please add your name to the [`CONTRIBUTORS`](/CONTRIBUTORS) | |
| file as your first code review, keeping the names in sorted order. |