diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 4ce7501..8608724 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -4911,7 +4911,6 @@
 DEVICE DIRECT ACCESS (DAX)
 M:	Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
 M:	Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
-M:	Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
 M:	Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
 L:	linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org
 S:	Supported
@@ -9439,7 +9438,6 @@
 M:	Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
 M:	Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
 M:	Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
-M:	Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
 M:	Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
 L:	linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org
 Q:	https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-nvdimm/list/
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
index f87b474..c2ef320 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
@@ -284,25 +284,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct attribute_group *region_attr_groups[] = {
-	&nd_region_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	&nd_mapping_attribute_group,
-	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
-static const struct attribute_group *bus_attr_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_bus_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
-static const struct attribute_group *papr_scm_dimm_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
 static inline int papr_scm_node(int node)
 {
 	int min_dist = INT_MAX, dist;
@@ -333,7 +314,6 @@
 	p->bus_desc.ndctl = papr_scm_ndctl;
 	p->bus_desc.module = THIS_MODULE;
 	p->bus_desc.of_node = p->pdev->dev.of_node;
-	p->bus_desc.attr_groups = bus_attr_groups;
 	p->bus_desc.provider_name = kstrdup(p->pdev->name, GFP_KERNEL);
 
 	if (!p->bus_desc.provider_name)
@@ -348,8 +328,8 @@
 	dimm_flags = 0;
 	set_bit(NDD_ALIASING, &dimm_flags);
 
-	p->nvdimm = nvdimm_create(p->bus, p, papr_scm_dimm_groups,
-				dimm_flags, PAPR_SCM_DIMM_CMD_MASK, 0, NULL);
+	p->nvdimm = nvdimm_create(p->bus, p, NULL, dimm_flags,
+				  PAPR_SCM_DIMM_CMD_MASK, 0, NULL);
 	if (!p->nvdimm) {
 		dev_err(dev, "Error creating DIMM object for %pOF\n", p->dn);
 		goto err;
@@ -366,7 +346,6 @@
 	mapping.size = p->blocks * p->block_size; // XXX: potential overflow?
 
 	memset(&ndr_desc, 0, sizeof(ndr_desc));
-	ndr_desc.attr_groups = region_attr_groups;
 	target_nid = dev_to_node(&p->pdev->dev);
 	online_nid = papr_scm_node(target_nid);
 	ndr_desc.numa_node = online_nid;
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
index 14e68f2..a3320f9 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
@@ -1404,7 +1404,6 @@
 };
 
 static const struct attribute_group *acpi_nfit_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_bus_attribute_group,
 	&acpi_nfit_attribute_group,
 	NULL,
 };
@@ -1698,8 +1697,6 @@
 };
 
 static const struct attribute_group *acpi_nfit_dimm_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
 	&acpi_nfit_dimm_attribute_group,
 	NULL,
 };
@@ -2197,10 +2194,6 @@
 };
 
 static const struct attribute_group *acpi_nfit_region_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nd_region_attribute_group,
-	&nd_mapping_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
 	&acpi_nfit_region_attribute_group,
 	NULL,
 };
diff --git a/drivers/dax/bus.c b/drivers/dax/bus.c
index eccdda1..46e4604 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/bus.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/bus.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
 
 	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", dev_dax_resource(dev_dax));
 }
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(resource, 0400, resource_show, NULL);
 
 static ssize_t modalias_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 		char *buf)
@@ -322,6 +322,13 @@
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(modalias);
 
+static ssize_t numa_node_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", dev_to_node(dev));
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(numa_node);
+
 static umode_t dev_dax_visible(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *a, int n)
 {
 	struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
@@ -329,8 +336,8 @@
 
 	if (a == &dev_attr_target_node.attr && dev_dax_target_node(dev_dax) < 0)
 		return 0;
-	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr)
-		return 0400;
+	if (a == &dev_attr_numa_node.attr && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
+		return 0;
 	return a->mode;
 }
 
@@ -339,6 +346,7 @@
 	&dev_attr_size.attr,
 	&dev_attr_target_node.attr,
 	&dev_attr_resource.attr,
+	&dev_attr_numa_node.attr,
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -373,6 +381,11 @@
 	kfree(dev_dax);
 }
 
+static const struct device_type dev_dax_type = {
+	.release = dev_dax_release,
+	.groups = dax_attribute_groups,
+};
+
 static void unregister_dev_dax(void *dev)
 {
 	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
@@ -430,8 +443,7 @@
 	else
 		dev->class = dax_class;
 	dev->parent = parent;
-	dev->groups = dax_attribute_groups;
-	dev->release = dev_dax_release;
+	dev->type = &dev_dax_type;
 	dev_set_name(dev, "dax%d.%d", dax_region->id, id);
 
 	rc = device_add(dev);
diff --git a/drivers/dax/pmem/core.c b/drivers/dax/pmem/core.c
index 6eb6dfd..2bedf84 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/pmem/core.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/pmem/core.c
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@
 	ndns = nvdimm_namespace_common_probe(dev);
 	if (IS_ERR(ndns))
 		return ERR_CAST(ndns);
-	nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev);
 
 	/* parse the 'pfn' info block via ->rw_bytes */
-	rc = devm_nsio_enable(dev, nsio);
+	rc = devm_namespace_enable(dev, ndns, nd_info_block_reserve());
 	if (rc)
 		return ERR_PTR(rc);
 	rc = nvdimm_setup_pfn(nd_pfn, &pgmap);
 	if (rc)
 		return ERR_PTR(rc);
-	devm_nsio_disable(dev, nsio);
+	devm_namespace_disable(dev, ndns);
 
 	/* reserve the metadata area, device-dax will reserve the data */
 	pfn_sb = nd_pfn->pfn_sb;
 	offset = le64_to_cpu(pfn_sb->dataoff);
+	nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev);
 	if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, nsio->res.start, offset,
 				dev_name(&ndns->dev))) {
 		dev_warn(dev, "could not reserve metadata\n");
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c b/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c
index 3e9f45ae..0d04ea3 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c
@@ -1261,11 +1261,11 @@
 
 		ret = btt_data_read(arena, page, off, postmap, cur_len);
 		if (ret) {
-			int rc;
-
 			/* Media error - set the e_flag */
-			rc = btt_map_write(arena, premap, postmap, 0, 1,
-				NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+			if (btt_map_write(arena, premap, postmap, 0, 1, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC))
+				dev_warn_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+					"Error persistently tracking bad blocks at %#x\n",
+					premap);
 			goto out_rtt;
 		}
 
@@ -1674,7 +1674,8 @@
 	struct nd_region *nd_region;
 	struct btt_sb *btt_sb;
 	struct btt *btt;
-	size_t rawsize;
+	size_t size, rawsize;
+	int rc;
 
 	if (!nd_btt->uuid || !nd_btt->ndns || !nd_btt->lbasize) {
 		dev_dbg(&nd_btt->dev, "incomplete btt configuration\n");
@@ -1685,6 +1686,11 @@
 	if (!btt_sb)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	size = nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns);
+	rc = devm_namespace_enable(&nd_btt->dev, ndns, size);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	/*
 	 * If this returns < 0, that is ok as it just means there wasn't
 	 * an existing BTT, and we're creating a new one. We still need to
@@ -1693,7 +1699,7 @@
 	 */
 	nd_btt_version(nd_btt, ndns, btt_sb);
 
-	rawsize = nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns) - nd_btt->initial_offset;
+	rawsize = size - nd_btt->initial_offset;
 	if (rawsize < ARENA_MIN_SIZE) {
 		dev_dbg(&nd_btt->dev, "%s must be at least %ld bytes\n",
 				dev_name(&ndns->dev),
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
index 3508a791..05feb97 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
@@ -25,17 +25,6 @@
 	kfree(nd_btt);
 }
 
-static struct device_type nd_btt_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_btt",
-	.release = nd_btt_release,
-};
-
-bool is_nd_btt(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev->type == &nd_btt_device_type;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_btt);
-
 struct nd_btt *to_nd_btt(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = container_of(dev, struct nd_btt, dev);
@@ -178,6 +167,18 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
+static const struct device_type nd_btt_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_btt",
+	.release = nd_btt_release,
+	.groups = nd_btt_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+bool is_nd_btt(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->type == &nd_btt_device_type;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_btt);
+
 static struct device *__nd_btt_create(struct nd_region *nd_region,
 		unsigned long lbasize, u8 *uuid,
 		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
@@ -204,7 +205,6 @@
 	dev_set_name(dev, "btt%d.%d", nd_region->id, nd_btt->id);
 	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
 	dev->type = &nd_btt_device_type;
-	dev->groups = nd_btt_attribute_groups;
 	device_initialize(&nd_btt->dev);
 	if (ndns && !__nd_attach_ndns(&nd_btt->dev, ndns, &nd_btt->ndns)) {
 		dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "failed, already claimed by %s\n",
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c b/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
index 38d41bb..a8b5159 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
@@ -300,9 +300,14 @@
 	kfree(nvdimm_bus);
 }
 
+static const struct device_type nvdimm_bus_dev_type = {
+	.release = nvdimm_bus_release,
+	.groups = nvdimm_bus_attribute_groups,
+};
+
 bool is_nvdimm_bus(struct device *dev)
 {
-	return dev->release == nvdimm_bus_release;
+	return dev->type == &nvdimm_bus_dev_type;
 }
 
 struct nvdimm_bus *walk_to_nvdimm_bus(struct device *nd_dev)
@@ -355,7 +360,7 @@
 	badrange_init(&nvdimm_bus->badrange);
 	nvdimm_bus->nd_desc = nd_desc;
 	nvdimm_bus->dev.parent = parent;
-	nvdimm_bus->dev.release = nvdimm_bus_release;
+	nvdimm_bus->dev.type = &nvdimm_bus_dev_type;
 	nvdimm_bus->dev.groups = nd_desc->attr_groups;
 	nvdimm_bus->dev.bus = &nvdimm_bus_type;
 	nvdimm_bus->dev.of_node = nd_desc->of_node;
@@ -669,10 +674,9 @@
 /*
  * nd_device_attribute_group - generic attributes for all devices on an nd bus
  */
-struct attribute_group nd_device_attribute_group = {
+const struct attribute_group nd_device_attribute_group = {
 	.attrs = nd_device_attributes,
 };
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nd_device_attribute_group);
 
 static ssize_t numa_node_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
@@ -681,28 +685,56 @@
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(numa_node);
 
+static int nvdimm_dev_to_target_node(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct device *parent = dev->parent;
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = NULL;
+
+	if (is_nd_region(dev))
+		nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
+	else if (parent && is_nd_region(parent))
+		nd_region = to_nd_region(parent);
+
+	if (!nd_region)
+		return NUMA_NO_NODE;
+	return nd_region->target_node;
+}
+
+static ssize_t target_node_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", nvdimm_dev_to_target_node(dev));
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(target_node);
+
 static struct attribute *nd_numa_attributes[] = {
 	&dev_attr_numa_node.attr,
+	&dev_attr_target_node.attr,
 	NULL,
 };
 
 static umode_t nd_numa_attr_visible(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *a,
 		int n)
 {
+	struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, typeof(*dev), kobj);
+
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (a == &dev_attr_target_node.attr &&
+			nvdimm_dev_to_target_node(dev) == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		return 0;
+
 	return a->mode;
 }
 
 /*
  * nd_numa_attribute_group - NUMA attributes for all devices on an nd bus
  */
-struct attribute_group nd_numa_attribute_group = {
+const struct attribute_group nd_numa_attribute_group = {
 	.attrs = nd_numa_attributes,
 	.is_visible = nd_numa_attr_visible,
 };
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nd_numa_attribute_group);
 
 int nvdimm_bus_create_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c b/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
index 2985ca9..45964ac 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
@@ -300,13 +300,14 @@
 	return rc;
 }
 
-int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
+int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio,
+		resource_size_t size)
 {
 	struct resource *res = &nsio->res;
 	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = &nsio->common;
 
-	nsio->size = resource_size(res);
-	if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, res->start, resource_size(res),
+	nsio->size = size;
+	if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, res->start, size,
 				dev_name(&ndns->dev))) {
 		dev_warn(dev, "could not reserve region %pR\n", res);
 		return -EBUSY;
@@ -318,12 +319,10 @@
 	nvdimm_badblocks_populate(to_nd_region(ndns->dev.parent), &nsio->bb,
 			&nsio->res);
 
-	nsio->addr = devm_memremap(dev, res->start, resource_size(res),
-			ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM);
+	nsio->addr = devm_memremap(dev, res->start, size, ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM);
 
 	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(nsio->addr);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_nsio_enable);
 
 void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
 {
@@ -331,6 +330,5 @@
 
 	devm_memunmap(dev, nsio->addr);
 	devm_exit_badblocks(dev, &nsio->bb);
-	devm_release_mem_region(dev, res->start, resource_size(res));
+	devm_release_mem_region(dev, res->start, nsio->size);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_nsio_disable);
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/core.c b/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
index e592c49..fe9bd6f 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
@@ -385,10 +385,14 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
-struct attribute_group nvdimm_bus_attribute_group = {
+static const struct attribute_group nvdimm_bus_attribute_group = {
 	.attrs = nvdimm_bus_attributes,
 };
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_attribute_group);
+
+const struct attribute_group *nvdimm_bus_attribute_groups[] = {
+	&nvdimm_bus_attribute_group,
+	NULL,
+};
 
 int nvdimm_bus_add_badrange(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, u64 addr, u64 length)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/dax_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/dax_devs.c
index 6d22b0f..9996507 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/dax_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/dax_devs.c
@@ -23,17 +23,6 @@
 	kfree(nd_dax);
 }
 
-static struct device_type nd_dax_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_dax",
-	.release = nd_dax_release,
-};
-
-bool is_nd_dax(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_dax_device_type : false;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_dax);
-
 struct nd_dax *to_nd_dax(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_dax *nd_dax = container_of(dev, struct nd_dax, nd_pfn.dev);
@@ -43,13 +32,18 @@
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(to_nd_dax);
 
-static const struct attribute_group *nd_dax_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nd_pfn_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
+static const struct device_type nd_dax_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_dax",
+	.release = nd_dax_release,
+	.groups = nd_pfn_attribute_groups,
 };
 
+bool is_nd_dax(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_dax_device_type : false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_dax);
+
 static struct nd_dax *nd_dax_alloc(struct nd_region *nd_region)
 {
 	struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn;
@@ -69,7 +63,6 @@
 
 	dev = &nd_pfn->dev;
 	dev_set_name(dev, "dax%d.%d", nd_region->id, nd_pfn->id);
-	dev->groups = nd_dax_attribute_groups;
 	dev->type = &nd_dax_device_type;
 	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
index 196aa44..94ea6db 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
@@ -202,16 +202,6 @@
 	kfree(nvdimm);
 }
 
-static struct device_type nvdimm_device_type = {
-	.name = "nvdimm",
-	.release = nvdimm_release,
-};
-
-bool is_nvdimm(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev->type == &nvdimm_device_type;
-}
-
 struct nvdimm *to_nvdimm(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = container_of(dev, struct nvdimm, dev);
@@ -450,11 +440,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct attribute_group nvdimm_attribute_group = {
+static const struct attribute_group nvdimm_attribute_group = {
 	.attrs = nvdimm_attributes,
 	.is_visible = nvdimm_visible,
 };
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_attribute_group);
+
+static const struct attribute_group *nvdimm_attribute_groups[] = {
+	&nd_device_attribute_group,
+	&nvdimm_attribute_group,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type nvdimm_device_type = {
+	.name = "nvdimm",
+	.release = nvdimm_release,
+	.groups = nvdimm_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+bool is_nvdimm(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->type == &nvdimm_device_type;
+}
 
 struct nvdimm *__nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 		void *provider_data, const struct attribute_group **groups,
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
index 87f72f7..e02f60a 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
@@ -8,17 +8,6 @@
 #include <linux/libnvdimm.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
-static const struct attribute_group *e820_pmem_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_bus_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
-static const struct attribute_group *e820_pmem_region_attribute_groups[] = {
-	&nd_region_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
 static int e820_pmem_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
 	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
@@ -46,7 +35,6 @@
 
 	memset(&ndr_desc, 0, sizeof(ndr_desc));
 	ndr_desc.res = res;
-	ndr_desc.attr_groups = e820_pmem_region_attribute_groups;
 	ndr_desc.numa_node = e820_range_to_nid(res->start);
 	ndr_desc.target_node = ndr_desc.numa_node;
 	set_bit(ND_REGION_PAGEMAP, &ndr_desc.flags);
@@ -62,7 +50,6 @@
 	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
 	int rc = -ENXIO;
 
-	nd_desc.attr_groups = e820_pmem_attribute_groups;
 	nd_desc.provider_name = "e820";
 	nd_desc.module = THIS_MODULE;
 	nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus_register(dev, &nd_desc);
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c
index cca0a3b..032dc61 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c
@@ -44,35 +44,9 @@
 	kfree(nsblk);
 }
 
-static const struct device_type namespace_io_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_namespace_io",
-	.release = namespace_io_release,
-};
-
-static const struct device_type namespace_pmem_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_namespace_pmem",
-	.release = namespace_pmem_release,
-};
-
-static const struct device_type namespace_blk_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_namespace_blk",
-	.release = namespace_blk_release,
-};
-
-static bool is_namespace_pmem(const struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_pmem_device_type : false;
-}
-
-static bool is_namespace_blk(const struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_blk_device_type : false;
-}
-
-static bool is_namespace_io(const struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_io_device_type : false;
-}
+static bool is_namespace_pmem(const struct device *dev);
+static bool is_namespace_blk(const struct device *dev);
+static bool is_namespace_io(const struct device *dev);
 
 static int is_uuid_busy(struct device *dev, void *data)
 {
@@ -1329,7 +1303,7 @@
 		return -ENXIO;
 	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", (unsigned long long) res->start);
 }
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(resource, 0400, resource_show, NULL);
 
 static const unsigned long blk_lbasize_supported[] = { 512, 520, 528,
 	4096, 4104, 4160, 4224, 0 };
@@ -1510,16 +1484,20 @@
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(holder);
 
-static ssize_t __holder_class_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf)
+static int __holder_class_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf)
 {
 	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
 
 	if (dev->driver || ndns->claim)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
-	if (sysfs_streq(buf, "btt"))
-		ndns->claim_class = btt_claim_class(dev);
-	else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "pfn"))
+	if (sysfs_streq(buf, "btt")) {
+		int rc = btt_claim_class(dev);
+
+		if (rc < NVDIMM_CCLASS_NONE)
+			return rc;
+		ndns->claim_class = rc;
+	} else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "pfn"))
 		ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_PFN;
 	else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "dax"))
 		ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_DAX;
@@ -1528,10 +1506,6 @@
 	else
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* btt_claim_class() could've returned an error */
-	if (ndns->claim_class < 0)
-		return ndns->claim_class;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1539,7 +1513,7 @@
 		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
-	ssize_t rc;
+	int rc;
 
 	nd_device_lock(dev);
 	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
@@ -1547,7 +1521,7 @@
 	rc = __holder_class_store(dev, buf);
 	if (rc >= 0)
 		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
-	dev_dbg(dev, "%s(%zd)\n", rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s(%d)\n", rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
 	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
 	nd_device_unlock(dev);
 
@@ -1645,11 +1619,8 @@
 {
 	struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
 
-	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr) {
-		if (is_namespace_blk(dev))
-			return 0;
-		return 0400;
-	}
+	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr && is_namespace_blk(dev))
+		return 0;
 
 	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev) || is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
 		if (a == &dev_attr_size.attr)
@@ -1680,6 +1651,39 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
+static const struct device_type namespace_io_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_io",
+	.release = namespace_io_release,
+	.groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type namespace_pmem_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_pmem",
+	.release = namespace_pmem_release,
+	.groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type namespace_blk_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_blk",
+	.release = namespace_blk_release,
+	.groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+static bool is_namespace_pmem(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_pmem_device_type : false;
+}
+
+static bool is_namespace_blk(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_blk_device_type : false;
+}
+
+static bool is_namespace_io(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_io_device_type : false;
+}
+
 struct nd_namespace_common *nvdimm_namespace_common_probe(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = is_nd_btt(dev) ? to_nd_btt(dev) : NULL;
@@ -1759,6 +1763,23 @@
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_common_probe);
 
+int devm_namespace_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_common *ndns,
+		resource_size_t size)
+{
+	if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev))
+		return 0;
+	return devm_nsio_enable(dev, to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev), size);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_namespace_enable);
+
+void devm_namespace_disable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev))
+		return;
+	devm_nsio_disable(dev, to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_namespace_disable);
+
 static struct device **create_namespace_io(struct nd_region *nd_region)
 {
 	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
@@ -2078,7 +2099,6 @@
 	}
 	dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nsblk->id);
 	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
-	dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
 
 	return &nsblk->common.dev;
 }
@@ -2109,7 +2129,6 @@
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nspm->id);
-	dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
 	nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, 0);
 
 	return dev;
@@ -2608,7 +2627,6 @@
 		if (id < 0)
 			break;
 		dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, id);
-		dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
 		nd_device_register(dev);
 	}
 	if (i)
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
index aa05943..ddb9d97 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
@@ -123,11 +123,7 @@
 int nvdimm_bus_create_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus);
 void nvdimm_bus_destroy_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus);
 void nd_synchronize(void);
-int nvdimm_bus_register_dimms(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus);
-int nvdimm_bus_register_regions(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus);
-int nvdimm_bus_init_interleave_sets(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus);
 void __nd_device_register(struct device *dev);
-int nd_match_dimm(struct device *dev, void *data);
 struct nd_label_id;
 char *nd_label_gen_id(struct nd_label_id *label_id, u8 *uuid, u32 flags);
 bool nd_is_uuid_unique(struct device *dev, u8 *uuid);
@@ -170,6 +166,23 @@
 struct nd_pfn *to_nd_pfn_safe(struct device *dev);
 bool is_nvdimm_bus(struct device *dev);
 
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ND_CLAIM)
+int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio,
+		resource_size_t size);
+void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio);
+#else
+static inline int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev,
+		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio, resource_size_t size)
+{
+	return -ENXIO;
+}
+
+static inline void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev,
+		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
 extern struct class *nd_class;
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
index ee5c040..c9f6a5b 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
@@ -212,6 +212,11 @@
 	struct nd_pfn nd_pfn;
 };
 
+static inline u32 nd_info_block_reserve(void)
+{
+	return ALIGN(SZ_8K, PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
 enum nd_async_mode {
 	ND_SYNC,
 	ND_ASYNC,
@@ -234,6 +239,9 @@
 void nvdimm_exit(void);
 void nd_region_exit(void);
 struct nvdimm;
+extern const struct attribute_group nd_device_attribute_group;
+extern const struct attribute_group nd_numa_attribute_group;
+extern const struct attribute_group *nvdimm_bus_attribute_groups[];
 struct nvdimm_drvdata *to_ndd(struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping);
 int nvdimm_check_config_data(struct device *dev);
 int nvdimm_init_nsarea(struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd);
@@ -297,7 +305,7 @@
 struct device *nd_pfn_devinit(struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn,
 		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns);
 int nd_pfn_validate(struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn, const char *sig);
-extern struct attribute_group nd_pfn_attribute_group;
+extern const struct attribute_group *nd_pfn_attribute_groups[];
 #else
 static inline int nd_pfn_probe(struct device *dev,
 		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
@@ -370,29 +378,20 @@
 unsigned int pmem_sector_size(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns);
 void nvdimm_badblocks_populate(struct nd_region *nd_region,
 		struct badblocks *bb, const struct resource *res);
+int devm_namespace_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_common *ndns,
+		resource_size_t size);
+void devm_namespace_disable(struct device *dev,
+		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns);
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ND_CLAIM)
-
 /* max struct page size independent of kernel config */
 #define MAX_STRUCT_PAGE_SIZE 64
-
 int nvdimm_setup_pfn(struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn, struct dev_pagemap *pgmap);
-int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio);
-void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio);
 #else
 static inline int nvdimm_setup_pfn(struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn,
 				   struct dev_pagemap *pgmap)
 {
 	return -ENXIO;
 }
-static inline int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev,
-		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
-{
-	return -ENXIO;
-}
-static inline void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev,
-		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
-{
-}
 #endif
 int nd_blk_region_init(struct nd_region *nd_region);
 int nd_region_activate(struct nd_region *nd_region);
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/of_pmem.c b/drivers/nvdimm/of_pmem.c
index 97187d6..8224d14 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/of_pmem.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/of_pmem.c
@@ -9,17 +9,6 @@
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 
-static const struct attribute_group *region_attr_groups[] = {
-	&nd_region_attribute_group,
-	&nd_device_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
-static const struct attribute_group *bus_attr_groups[] = {
-	&nvdimm_bus_attribute_group,
-	NULL,
-};
-
 struct of_pmem_private {
 	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor bus_desc;
 	struct nvdimm_bus *bus;
@@ -41,7 +30,6 @@
 	if (!priv)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	priv->bus_desc.attr_groups = bus_attr_groups;
 	priv->bus_desc.provider_name = kstrdup(pdev->name, GFP_KERNEL);
 	priv->bus_desc.module = THIS_MODULE;
 	priv->bus_desc.of_node = np;
@@ -66,7 +54,6 @@
 		 * structures so passing a stack pointer is fine.
 		 */
 		memset(&ndr_desc, 0, sizeof(ndr_desc));
-		ndr_desc.attr_groups = region_attr_groups;
 		ndr_desc.numa_node = dev_to_node(&pdev->dev);
 		ndr_desc.target_node = ndr_desc.numa_node;
 		ndr_desc.res = &pdev->resource[i];
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/pfn_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/pfn_devs.c
index 60d81fa..b94f7a7 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/pfn_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/pfn_devs.c
@@ -26,17 +26,6 @@
 	kfree(nd_pfn);
 }
 
-static struct device_type nd_pfn_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_pfn",
-	.release = nd_pfn_release,
-};
-
-bool is_nd_pfn(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_pfn_device_type : false;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_pfn);
-
 struct nd_pfn *to_nd_pfn(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = container_of(dev, struct nd_pfn, dev);
@@ -229,7 +218,7 @@
 
 	return rc;
 }
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(resource, 0400, resource_show, NULL);
 
 static ssize_t size_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
@@ -280,25 +269,29 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static umode_t pfn_visible(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *a, int n)
-{
-	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr)
-		return 0400;
-	return a->mode;
-}
-
-struct attribute_group nd_pfn_attribute_group = {
+static struct attribute_group nd_pfn_attribute_group = {
 	.attrs = nd_pfn_attributes,
-	.is_visible = pfn_visible,
 };
 
-static const struct attribute_group *nd_pfn_attribute_groups[] = {
+const struct attribute_group *nd_pfn_attribute_groups[] = {
 	&nd_pfn_attribute_group,
 	&nd_device_attribute_group,
 	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
 	NULL,
 };
 
+static const struct device_type nd_pfn_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_pfn",
+	.release = nd_pfn_release,
+	.groups = nd_pfn_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+bool is_nd_pfn(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_pfn_device_type : false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nd_pfn);
+
 struct device *nd_pfn_devinit(struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn,
 		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
 {
@@ -337,7 +330,6 @@
 
 	dev = &nd_pfn->dev;
 	dev_set_name(dev, "pfn%d.%d", nd_region->id, nd_pfn->id);
-	dev->groups = nd_pfn_attribute_groups;
 	dev->type = &nd_pfn_device_type;
 	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
 
@@ -382,6 +374,15 @@
 	meta_start = (SZ_4K + sizeof(*pfn_sb)) >> 9;
 	meta_num = (le64_to_cpu(pfn_sb->dataoff) >> 9) - meta_start;
 
+	/*
+	 * re-enable the namespace with correct size so that we can access
+	 * the device memmap area.
+	 */
+	devm_namespace_disable(&nd_pfn->dev, ndns);
+	rc = devm_namespace_enable(&nd_pfn->dev, ndns, le64_to_cpu(pfn_sb->dataoff));
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	do {
 		unsigned long zero_len;
 		u64 nsoff;
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@
 		return -ENXIO;
 	}
 
-	return nd_pfn_clear_memmap_errors(nd_pfn);
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_pfn_validate);
 
@@ -635,11 +636,6 @@
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_pfn_probe);
 
-static u32 info_block_reserve(void)
-{
-	return ALIGN(SZ_8K, PAGE_SIZE);
-}
-
 /*
  * We hotplug memory at sub-section granularity, pad the reserved area
  * from the previous section base to the namespace base address.
@@ -653,7 +649,7 @@
 
 static unsigned long init_altmap_reserve(resource_size_t base)
 {
-	unsigned long reserve = info_block_reserve() >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	unsigned long reserve = nd_info_block_reserve() >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	unsigned long base_pfn = PHYS_PFN(base);
 
 	reserve += base_pfn - SUBSECTION_ALIGN_DOWN(base_pfn);
@@ -668,7 +664,7 @@
 	u64 offset = le64_to_cpu(pfn_sb->dataoff);
 	u32 start_pad = __le32_to_cpu(pfn_sb->start_pad);
 	u32 end_trunc = __le32_to_cpu(pfn_sb->end_trunc);
-	u32 reserve = info_block_reserve();
+	u32 reserve = nd_info_block_reserve();
 	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = nd_pfn->ndns;
 	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev);
 	resource_size_t base = nsio->res.start + start_pad;
@@ -729,6 +725,8 @@
 		sig = PFN_SIG;
 
 	rc = nd_pfn_validate(nd_pfn, sig);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		return nd_pfn_clear_memmap_errors(nd_pfn);
 	if (rc != -ENODEV)
 		return rc;
 
@@ -796,6 +794,10 @@
 	checksum = nd_sb_checksum((struct nd_gen_sb *) pfn_sb);
 	pfn_sb->checksum = cpu_to_le64(checksum);
 
+	rc = nd_pfn_clear_memmap_errors(nd_pfn);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	return nvdimm_write_bytes(ndns, SZ_4K, pfn_sb, sizeof(*pfn_sb), 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
index f9f76f6b..ad8e4df 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "pmem.h"
 #include "pfn.h"
 #include "nd.h"
-#include "nd-core.h"
 
 static struct device *to_dev(struct pmem_device *pmem)
 {
@@ -372,6 +371,10 @@
 	if (!pmem)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	rc = devm_namespace_enable(dev, ndns, nd_info_block_reserve());
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	/* while nsio_rw_bytes is active, parse a pfn info block if present */
 	if (is_nd_pfn(dev)) {
 		nd_pfn = to_nd_pfn(dev);
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* we're attaching a block device, disable raw namespace access */
-	devm_nsio_disable(dev, nsio);
+	devm_namespace_disable(dev, ndns);
 
 	dev_set_drvdata(dev, pmem);
 	pmem->phys_addr = res->start;
@@ -497,15 +500,16 @@
 	if (IS_ERR(ndns))
 		return PTR_ERR(ndns);
 
-	if (devm_nsio_enable(dev, to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev)))
-		return -ENXIO;
-
 	if (is_nd_btt(dev))
 		return nvdimm_namespace_attach_btt(ndns);
 
 	if (is_nd_pfn(dev))
 		return pmem_attach_disk(dev, ndns);
 
+	ret = devm_namespace_enable(dev, ndns, nd_info_block_reserve());
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
 	ret = nd_btt_probe(dev, ndns);
 	if (ret == 0)
 		return -ENXIO;
@@ -532,6 +536,10 @@
 		return -ENXIO;
 	else if (ret == -EOPNOTSUPP)
 		return ret;
+
+	/* probe complete, attach handles namespace enabling */
+	devm_namespace_disable(dev, ndns);
+
 	return pmem_attach_disk(dev, ndns);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
index fbf34cf..a19e535 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
@@ -140,36 +140,6 @@
 		kfree(nd_region);
 }
 
-static struct device_type nd_blk_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_blk",
-	.release = nd_region_release,
-};
-
-static struct device_type nd_pmem_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_pmem",
-	.release = nd_region_release,
-};
-
-static struct device_type nd_volatile_device_type = {
-	.name = "nd_volatile",
-	.release = nd_region_release,
-};
-
-bool is_nd_pmem(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_pmem_device_type : false;
-}
-
-bool is_nd_blk(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_blk_device_type : false;
-}
-
-bool is_nd_volatile(struct device *dev)
-{
-	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_volatile_device_type : false;
-}
-
 struct nd_region *to_nd_region(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_region *nd_region = container_of(dev, struct nd_region, dev);
@@ -583,7 +553,7 @@
 
 	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", nd_region->ndr_start);
 }
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(resource, 0400, resource_show, NULL);
 
 static ssize_t persistence_domain_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
@@ -635,12 +605,8 @@
 	if (!is_memory(dev) && a == &dev_attr_badblocks.attr)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr) {
-		if (is_memory(dev))
-			return 0400;
-		else
-			return 0;
-	}
+	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr && !is_memory(dev))
+		return 0;
 
 	if (a == &dev_attr_deep_flush.attr) {
 		int has_flush = nvdimm_has_flush(nd_region);
@@ -674,80 +640,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct attribute_group nd_region_attribute_group = {
-	.attrs = nd_region_attributes,
-	.is_visible = region_visible,
-};
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nd_region_attribute_group);
-
-u64 nd_region_interleave_set_cookie(struct nd_region *nd_region,
-		struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex)
-{
-	struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
-
-	if (!nd_set)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (nsindex && __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->major) == 1
-			&& __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->minor) == 1)
-		return nd_set->cookie1;
-	return nd_set->cookie2;
-}
-
-u64 nd_region_interleave_set_altcookie(struct nd_region *nd_region)
-{
-	struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
-
-	if (nd_set)
-		return nd_set->altcookie;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void nd_mapping_free_labels(struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
-{
-	struct nd_label_ent *label_ent, *e;
-
-	lockdep_assert_held(&nd_mapping->lock);
-	list_for_each_entry_safe(label_ent, e, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
-		list_del(&label_ent->list);
-		kfree(label_ent);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * When a namespace is activated create new seeds for the next
- * namespace, or namespace-personality to be configured.
- */
-void nd_region_advance_seeds(struct nd_region *nd_region, struct device *dev)
-{
-	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
-	if (nd_region->ns_seed == dev) {
-		nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
-	} else if (is_nd_btt(dev)) {
-		struct nd_btt *nd_btt = to_nd_btt(dev);
-
-		if (nd_region->btt_seed == dev)
-			nd_region_create_btt_seed(nd_region);
-		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_btt->ndns->dev)
-			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
-	} else if (is_nd_pfn(dev)) {
-		struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = to_nd_pfn(dev);
-
-		if (nd_region->pfn_seed == dev)
-			nd_region_create_pfn_seed(nd_region);
-		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_pfn->ndns->dev)
-			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
-	} else if (is_nd_dax(dev)) {
-		struct nd_dax *nd_dax = to_nd_dax(dev);
-
-		if (nd_region->dax_seed == dev)
-			nd_region_create_dax_seed(nd_region);
-		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_dax->nd_pfn.ndns->dev)
-			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
-	}
-	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
-}
-
 static ssize_t mappingN(struct device *dev, char *buf, int n)
 {
 	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
@@ -855,11 +747,124 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
-struct attribute_group nd_mapping_attribute_group = {
+static const struct attribute_group nd_mapping_attribute_group = {
 	.is_visible = mapping_visible,
 	.attrs = mapping_attributes,
 };
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nd_mapping_attribute_group);
+
+static const struct attribute_group nd_region_attribute_group = {
+	.attrs = nd_region_attributes,
+	.is_visible = region_visible,
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group *nd_region_attribute_groups[] = {
+	&nd_device_attribute_group,
+	&nd_region_attribute_group,
+	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
+	&nd_mapping_attribute_group,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type nd_blk_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_blk",
+	.release = nd_region_release,
+	.groups = nd_region_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type nd_pmem_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_pmem",
+	.release = nd_region_release,
+	.groups = nd_region_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type nd_volatile_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_volatile",
+	.release = nd_region_release,
+	.groups = nd_region_attribute_groups,
+};
+
+bool is_nd_pmem(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_pmem_device_type : false;
+}
+
+bool is_nd_blk(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_blk_device_type : false;
+}
+
+bool is_nd_volatile(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &nd_volatile_device_type : false;
+}
+
+u64 nd_region_interleave_set_cookie(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex)
+{
+	struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
+
+	if (!nd_set)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (nsindex && __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->major) == 1
+			&& __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->minor) == 1)
+		return nd_set->cookie1;
+	return nd_set->cookie2;
+}
+
+u64 nd_region_interleave_set_altcookie(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
+
+	if (nd_set)
+		return nd_set->altcookie;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void nd_mapping_free_labels(struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
+{
+	struct nd_label_ent *label_ent, *e;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&nd_mapping->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(label_ent, e, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
+		list_del(&label_ent->list);
+		kfree(label_ent);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * When a namespace is activated create new seeds for the next
+ * namespace, or namespace-personality to be configured.
+ */
+void nd_region_advance_seeds(struct nd_region *nd_region, struct device *dev)
+{
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	if (nd_region->ns_seed == dev) {
+		nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
+	} else if (is_nd_btt(dev)) {
+		struct nd_btt *nd_btt = to_nd_btt(dev);
+
+		if (nd_region->btt_seed == dev)
+			nd_region_create_btt_seed(nd_region);
+		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_btt->ndns->dev)
+			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
+	} else if (is_nd_pfn(dev)) {
+		struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = to_nd_pfn(dev);
+
+		if (nd_region->pfn_seed == dev)
+			nd_region_create_pfn_seed(nd_region);
+		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_pfn->ndns->dev)
+			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
+	} else if (is_nd_dax(dev)) {
+		struct nd_dax *nd_dax = to_nd_dax(dev);
+
+		if (nd_region->dax_seed == dev)
+			nd_region_create_dax_seed(nd_region);
+		if (nd_region->ns_seed == &nd_dax->nd_pfn.ndns->dev)
+			nd_region_create_ns_seed(nd_region);
+	}
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+}
 
 int nd_blk_region_init(struct nd_region *nd_region)
 {
@@ -931,8 +936,8 @@
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_region_release_lane);
 
 static struct nd_region *nd_region_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
-		struct nd_region_desc *ndr_desc, struct device_type *dev_type,
-		const char *caller)
+		struct nd_region_desc *ndr_desc,
+		const struct device_type *dev_type, const char *caller)
 {
 	struct nd_region *nd_region;
 	struct device *dev;
diff --git a/include/linux/libnvdimm.h b/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
index b6eddf9..9df091b 100644
--- a/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
+++ b/include/linux/libnvdimm.h
@@ -65,13 +65,6 @@
 	DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED = 1 << 0,
 };
 
-extern struct attribute_group nvdimm_bus_attribute_group;
-extern struct attribute_group nvdimm_attribute_group;
-extern struct attribute_group nd_device_attribute_group;
-extern struct attribute_group nd_numa_attribute_group;
-extern struct attribute_group nd_region_attribute_group;
-extern struct attribute_group nd_mapping_attribute_group;
-
 struct nvdimm;
 struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor;
 typedef int (*ndctl_fn)(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
diff --git a/include/linux/nd.h b/include/linux/nd.h
index f778f96..55c7359 100644
--- a/include/linux/nd.h
+++ b/include/linux/nd.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 
 /**
  * nvdimm_write_bytes() - synchronously write bytes to an nvdimm namespace
- * @ndns: device to read
+ * @ndns: device to write
  * @offset: namespace-relative starting offset
  * @buf: buffer to drain
  * @size: transfer length