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// Copyright 2003-2010 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef UTIL_PCRE_H_
#define UTIL_PCRE_H_
// This is a variant of PCRE's pcrecpp.h, originally written at Google.
// The main changes are the addition of the HitLimit method and
// compilation as PCRE in namespace re2.
// C++ interface to the pcre regular-expression library. PCRE supports
// Perl-style regular expressions (with extensions like \d, \w, \s,
// ...).
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// REGEXP SYNTAX:
//
// This module uses the pcre library and hence supports its syntax
// for regular expressions:
//
// http://www.google.com/search?q=pcre
//
// The syntax is pretty similar to Perl's. For those not familiar
// with Perl's regular expressions, here are some examples of the most
// commonly used extensions:
//
// "hello (\\w+) world" -- \w matches a "word" character
// "version (\\d+)" -- \d matches a digit
// "hello\\s+world" -- \s matches any whitespace character
// "\\b(\\w+)\\b" -- \b matches empty string at a word boundary
// "(?i)hello" -- (?i) turns on case-insensitive matching
// "/\\*(.*?)\\*/" -- .*? matches . minimum no. of times possible
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// MATCHING INTERFACE:
//
// The "FullMatch" operation checks that supplied text matches a
// supplied pattern exactly.
//
// Example: successful match
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch("hello", "h.*o"));
//
// Example: unsuccessful match (requires full match):
// CHECK(!PCRE::FullMatch("hello", "e"));
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// UTF-8 AND THE MATCHING INTERFACE:
//
// By default, pattern and text are plain text, one byte per character.
// The UTF8 flag, passed to the constructor, causes both pattern
// and string to be treated as UTF-8 text, still a byte stream but
// potentially multiple bytes per character. In practice, the text
// is likelier to be UTF-8 than the pattern, but the match returned
// may depend on the UTF8 flag, so always use it when matching
// UTF8 text. E.g., "." will match one byte normally but with UTF8
// set may match up to three bytes of a multi-byte character.
//
// Example:
// PCRE re(utf8_pattern, PCRE::UTF8);
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch(utf8_string, re));
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// MATCHING WITH SUBSTRING EXTRACTION:
//
// You can supply extra pointer arguments to extract matched substrings.
//
// Example: extracts "ruby" into "s" and 1234 into "i"
// int i;
// std::string s;
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch("ruby:1234", "(\\w+):(\\d+)", &s, &i));
//
// Example: fails because string cannot be stored in integer
// CHECK(!PCRE::FullMatch("ruby", "(.*)", &i));
//
// Example: fails because there aren't enough sub-patterns:
// CHECK(!PCRE::FullMatch("ruby:1234", "\\w+:\\d+", &s));
//
// Example: does not try to extract any extra sub-patterns
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch("ruby:1234", "(\\w+):(\\d+)", &s));
//
// Example: does not try to extract into NULL
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch("ruby:1234", "(\\w+):(\\d+)", NULL, &i));
//
// Example: integer overflow causes failure
// CHECK(!PCRE::FullMatch("ruby:1234567891234", "\\w+:(\\d+)", &i));
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// PARTIAL MATCHES
//
// You can use the "PartialMatch" operation when you want the pattern
// to match any substring of the text.
//
// Example: simple search for a string:
// CHECK(PCRE::PartialMatch("hello", "ell"));
//
// Example: find first number in a string
// int number;
// CHECK(PCRE::PartialMatch("x*100 + 20", "(\\d+)", &number));
// CHECK_EQ(number, 100);
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// PPCRE-COMPILED PCREGULAR EXPPCRESSIONS
//
// PCRE makes it easy to use any string as a regular expression, without
// requiring a separate compilation step.
//
// If speed is of the essence, you can create a pre-compiled "PCRE"
// object from the pattern and use it multiple times. If you do so,
// you can typically parse text faster than with sscanf.
//
// Example: precompile pattern for faster matching:
// PCRE pattern("h.*o");
// while (ReadLine(&str)) {
// if (PCRE::FullMatch(str, pattern)) ...;
// }
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// SCANNING TEXT INCPCREMENTALLY
//
// The "Consume" operation may be useful if you want to repeatedly
// match regular expressions at the front of a string and skip over
// them as they match. This requires use of the "StringPiece" type,
// which represents a sub-range of a real string.
//
// Example: read lines of the form "var = value" from a string.
// std::string contents = ...; // Fill string somehow
// StringPiece input(contents); // Wrap a StringPiece around it
//
// std::string var;
// int value;
// while (PCRE::Consume(&input, "(\\w+) = (\\d+)\n", &var, &value)) {
// ...;
// }
//
// Each successful call to "Consume" will set "var/value", and also
// advance "input" so it points past the matched text. Note that if the
// regular expression matches an empty string, input will advance
// by 0 bytes. If the regular expression being used might match
// an empty string, the loop body must check for this case and either
// advance the string or break out of the loop.
//
// The "FindAndConsume" operation is similar to "Consume" but does not
// anchor your match at the beginning of the string. For example, you
// could extract all words from a string by repeatedly calling
// PCRE::FindAndConsume(&input, "(\\w+)", &word)
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// PARSING HEX/OCTAL/C-RADIX NUMBERS
//
// By default, if you pass a pointer to a numeric value, the
// corresponding text is interpreted as a base-10 number. You can
// instead wrap the pointer with a call to one of the operators Hex(),
// Octal(), or CRadix() to interpret the text in another base. The
// CRadix operator interprets C-style "0" (base-8) and "0x" (base-16)
// prefixes, but defaults to base-10.
//
// Example:
// int a, b, c, d;
// CHECK(PCRE::FullMatch("100 40 0100 0x40", "(.*) (.*) (.*) (.*)",
// Octal(&a), Hex(&b), CRadix(&c), CRadix(&d));
// will leave 64 in a, b, c, and d.
#include "util/util.h"
#include "re2/stringpiece.h"
#ifdef USEPCRE
#include <pcre.h>
namespace re2 {
const bool UsingPCRE = true;
} // namespace re2
#else
struct pcre; // opaque
namespace re2 {
const bool UsingPCRE = false;
} // namespace re2
#endif
namespace re2 {
class PCRE_Options;
// Interface for regular expression matching. Also corresponds to a
// pre-compiled regular expression. An "PCRE" object is safe for
// concurrent use by multiple threads.
class PCRE {
public:
// We convert user-passed pointers into special Arg objects
class Arg;
// Marks end of arg list.
// ONLY USE IN OPTIONAL ARG DEFAULTS.
// DO NOT PASS EXPLICITLY.
static Arg no_more_args;
// Options are same value as those in pcre. We provide them here
// to avoid users needing to include pcre.h and also to isolate
// users from pcre should we change the underlying library.
// Only those needed by Google programs are exposed here to
// avoid collision with options employed internally by regexp.cc
// Note that some options have equivalents that can be specified in
// the regexp itself. For example, prefixing your regexp with
// "(?s)" has the same effect as the PCRE_DOTALL option.
enum Option {
None = 0x0000,
UTF8 = 0x0800, // == PCRE_UTF8
EnabledCompileOptions = UTF8,
EnabledExecOptions = 0x0000, // TODO: use to replace anchor flag
};
// We provide implicit conversions from strings so that users can
// pass in a string or a "const char*" wherever an "PCRE" is expected.
PCRE(const char* pattern);
PCRE(const char* pattern, Option option);
PCRE(const std::string& pattern);
PCRE(const std::string& pattern, Option option);
PCRE(const char *pattern, const PCRE_Options& re_option);
PCRE(const std::string& pattern, const PCRE_Options& re_option);
~PCRE();
// The string specification for this PCRE. E.g.
// PCRE re("ab*c?d+");
// re.pattern(); // "ab*c?d+"
const std::string& pattern() const { return pattern_; }
// If PCRE could not be created properly, returns an error string.
// Else returns the empty string.
const std::string& error() const { return *error_; }
// Whether the PCRE has hit a match limit during execution.
// Not thread safe. Intended only for testing.
// If hitting match limits is a problem,
// you should be using PCRE2 (re2/re2.h)
// instead of checking this flag.
bool HitLimit();
void ClearHitLimit();
/***** The useful part: the matching interface *****/
// Matches "text" against "pattern". If pointer arguments are
// supplied, copies matched sub-patterns into them.
//
// You can pass in a "const char*" or a "std::string" for "text".
// You can pass in a "const char*" or a "std::string" or a "PCRE" for "pattern".
//
// The provided pointer arguments can be pointers to any scalar numeric
// type, or one of:
// std::string (matched piece is copied to string)
// StringPiece (StringPiece is mutated to point to matched piece)
// T (where "bool T::ParseFrom(const char*, size_t)" exists)
// (void*)NULL (the corresponding matched sub-pattern is not copied)
//
// Returns true iff all of the following conditions are satisfied:
// a. "text" matches "pattern" exactly
// b. The number of matched sub-patterns is >= number of supplied pointers
// c. The "i"th argument has a suitable type for holding the
// string captured as the "i"th sub-pattern. If you pass in
// NULL for the "i"th argument, or pass fewer arguments than
// number of sub-patterns, "i"th captured sub-pattern is
// ignored.
//
// CAVEAT: An optional sub-pattern that does not exist in the
// matched string is assigned the empty string. Therefore, the
// following will return false (because the empty string is not a
// valid number):
// int number;
// PCRE::FullMatch("abc", "[a-z]+(\\d+)?", &number);
struct FullMatchFunctor {
bool operator ()(const StringPiece& text, const PCRE& re, // 3..16 args
const Arg& ptr1 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr2 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr3 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr4 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr5 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr6 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr7 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr8 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr9 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr10 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr11 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr12 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr13 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr14 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr15 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr16 = no_more_args) const;
};
static const FullMatchFunctor FullMatch;
// Exactly like FullMatch(), except that "pattern" is allowed to match
// a substring of "text".
struct PartialMatchFunctor {
bool operator ()(const StringPiece& text, const PCRE& re, // 3..16 args
const Arg& ptr1 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr2 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr3 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr4 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr5 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr6 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr7 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr8 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr9 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr10 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr11 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr12 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr13 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr14 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr15 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr16 = no_more_args) const;
};
static const PartialMatchFunctor PartialMatch;
// Like FullMatch() and PartialMatch(), except that pattern has to
// match a prefix of "text", and "input" is advanced past the matched
// text. Note: "input" is modified iff this routine returns true.
struct ConsumeFunctor {
bool operator ()(StringPiece* input, const PCRE& pattern, // 3..16 args
const Arg& ptr1 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr2 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr3 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr4 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr5 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr6 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr7 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr8 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr9 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr10 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr11 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr12 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr13 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr14 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr15 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr16 = no_more_args) const;
};
static const ConsumeFunctor Consume;
// Like Consume(..), but does not anchor the match at the beginning of the
// string. That is, "pattern" need not start its match at the beginning of
// "input". For example, "FindAndConsume(s, "(\\w+)", &word)" finds the next
// word in "s" and stores it in "word".
struct FindAndConsumeFunctor {
bool operator ()(StringPiece* input, const PCRE& pattern,
const Arg& ptr1 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr2 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr3 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr4 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr5 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr6 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr7 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr8 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr9 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr10 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr11 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr12 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr13 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr14 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr15 = no_more_args,
const Arg& ptr16 = no_more_args) const;
};
static const FindAndConsumeFunctor FindAndConsume;
// Replace the first match of "pattern" in "str" with "rewrite".
// Within "rewrite", backslash-escaped digits (\1 to \9) can be
// used to insert text matching corresponding parenthesized group
// from the pattern. \0 in "rewrite" refers to the entire matching
// text. E.g.,
//
// std::string s = "yabba dabba doo";
// CHECK(PCRE::Replace(&s, "b+", "d"));
//
// will leave "s" containing "yada dabba doo"
//
// Returns true if the pattern matches and a replacement occurs,
// false otherwise.
static bool Replace(std::string *str,
const PCRE& pattern,
const StringPiece& rewrite);
// Like Replace(), except replaces all occurrences of the pattern in
// the string with the rewrite. Replacements are not subject to
// re-matching. E.g.,
//
// std::string s = "yabba dabba doo";
// CHECK(PCRE::GlobalReplace(&s, "b+", "d"));
//
// will leave "s" containing "yada dada doo"
//
// Returns the number of replacements made.
static int GlobalReplace(std::string *str,
const PCRE& pattern,
const StringPiece& rewrite);
// Like Replace, except that if the pattern matches, "rewrite"
// is copied into "out" with substitutions. The non-matching
// portions of "text" are ignored.
//
// Returns true iff a match occurred and the extraction happened
// successfully; if no match occurs, the string is left unaffected.
static bool Extract(const StringPiece &text,
const PCRE& pattern,
const StringPiece &rewrite,
std::string *out);
// Check that the given @p rewrite string is suitable for use with
// this PCRE. It checks that:
// * The PCRE has enough parenthesized subexpressions to satisfy all
// of the \N tokens in @p rewrite, and
// * The @p rewrite string doesn't have any syntax errors
// ('\' followed by anything besides [0-9] and '\').
// Making this test will guarantee that "replace" and "extract"
// operations won't LOG(ERROR) or fail because of a bad rewrite
// string.
// @param rewrite The proposed rewrite string.
// @param error An error message is recorded here, iff we return false.
// Otherwise, it is unchanged.
// @return true, iff @p rewrite is suitable for use with the PCRE.
bool CheckRewriteString(const StringPiece& rewrite,
std::string* error) const;
// Returns a copy of 'unquoted' with all potentially meaningful
// regexp characters backslash-escaped. The returned string, used
// as a regular expression, will exactly match the original string.
// For example,
// 1.5-2.0?
// becomes:
// 1\.5\-2\.0\?
static std::string QuoteMeta(const StringPiece& unquoted);
/***** Generic matching interface (not so nice to use) *****/
// Type of match (TODO: Should be restructured as an Option)
enum Anchor {
UNANCHORED, // No anchoring
ANCHOR_START, // Anchor at start only
ANCHOR_BOTH, // Anchor at start and end
};
// General matching routine. Stores the length of the match in
// "*consumed" if successful.
bool DoMatch(const StringPiece& text,
Anchor anchor,
size_t* consumed,
const Arg* const* args, int n) const;
// Return the number of capturing subpatterns, or -1 if the
// regexp wasn't valid on construction.
int NumberOfCapturingGroups() const;
private:
void Init(const char* pattern, Option option, int match_limit,
int stack_limit, bool report_errors);
// Match against "text", filling in "vec" (up to "vecsize" * 2/3) with
// pairs of integers for the beginning and end positions of matched
// text. The first pair corresponds to the entire matched text;
// subsequent pairs correspond, in order, to parentheses-captured
// matches. Returns the number of pairs (one more than the number of
// the last subpattern with a match) if matching was successful
// and zero if the match failed.
// I.e. for PCRE("(foo)|(bar)|(baz)") it will return 2, 3, and 4 when matching
// against "foo", "bar", and "baz" respectively.
// When matching PCRE("(foo)|hello") against "hello", it will return 1.
// But the values for all subpattern are filled in into "vec".
int TryMatch(const StringPiece& text,
size_t startpos,
Anchor anchor,
bool empty_ok,
int *vec,
int vecsize) const;
// Append the "rewrite" string, with backslash subsitutions from "text"
// and "vec", to string "out".
bool Rewrite(std::string *out,
const StringPiece &rewrite,
const StringPiece &text,
int *vec,
int veclen) const;
// internal implementation for DoMatch
bool DoMatchImpl(const StringPiece& text,
Anchor anchor,
size_t* consumed,
const Arg* const args[],
int n,
int* vec,
int vecsize) const;
// Compile the regexp for the specified anchoring mode
pcre* Compile(Anchor anchor);
std::string pattern_;
Option options_;
pcre* re_full_; // For full matches
pcre* re_partial_; // For partial matches
const std::string* error_; // Error indicator (or empty string)
bool report_errors_; // Silences error logging if false
int match_limit_; // Limit on execution resources
int stack_limit_; // Limit on stack resources (bytes)
mutable int32_t hit_limit_; // Hit limit during execution (bool)
PCRE(const PCRE&) = delete;
PCRE& operator=(const PCRE&) = delete;
};
// PCRE_Options allow you to set the PCRE::Options, plus any pcre
// "extra" options. The only extras are match_limit, which limits
// the CPU time of a match, and stack_limit, which limits the
// stack usage. Setting a limit to <= 0 lets PCRE pick a sensible default
// that should not cause too many problems in production code.
// If PCRE hits a limit during a match, it may return a false negative,
// but (hopefully) it won't crash.
//
// NOTE: If you are handling regular expressions specified by
// (external or internal) users, rather than hard-coded ones,
// you should be using PCRE2, which uses an alternate implementation
// that avoids these issues. See http://go/re2quick.
class PCRE_Options {
public:
// constructor
PCRE_Options() : option_(PCRE::None), match_limit_(0), stack_limit_(0), report_errors_(true) {}
// accessors
PCRE::Option option() const { return option_; }
void set_option(PCRE::Option option) {
option_ = option;
}
int match_limit() const { return match_limit_; }
void set_match_limit(int match_limit) {
match_limit_ = match_limit;
}
int stack_limit() const { return stack_limit_; }
void set_stack_limit(int stack_limit) {
stack_limit_ = stack_limit;
}
// If the regular expression is malformed, an error message will be printed
// iff report_errors() is true. Default: true.
bool report_errors() const { return report_errors_; }
void set_report_errors(bool report_errors) {
report_errors_ = report_errors;
}
private:
PCRE::Option option_;
int match_limit_;
int stack_limit_;
bool report_errors_;
};
/***** Implementation details *****/
// Hex/Octal/Binary?
// Special class for parsing into objects that define a ParseFrom() method
template <class T>
class _PCRE_MatchObject {
public:
static inline bool Parse(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest) {
if (dest == NULL) return true;
T* object = reinterpret_cast<T*>(dest);
return object->ParseFrom(str, n);
}
};
class PCRE::Arg {
public:
// Empty constructor so we can declare arrays of PCRE::Arg
Arg();
// Constructor specially designed for NULL arguments
Arg(void*);
typedef bool (*Parser)(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
// Type-specific parsers
#define MAKE_PARSER(type, name) \
Arg(type* p) : arg_(p), parser_(name) {} \
Arg(type* p, Parser parser) : arg_(p), parser_(parser) {}
MAKE_PARSER(char, parse_char);
MAKE_PARSER(signed char, parse_schar);
MAKE_PARSER(unsigned char, parse_uchar);
MAKE_PARSER(float, parse_float);
MAKE_PARSER(double, parse_double);
MAKE_PARSER(std::string, parse_string);
MAKE_PARSER(StringPiece, parse_stringpiece);
MAKE_PARSER(short, parse_short);
MAKE_PARSER(unsigned short, parse_ushort);
MAKE_PARSER(int, parse_int);
MAKE_PARSER(unsigned int, parse_uint);
MAKE_PARSER(long, parse_long);
MAKE_PARSER(unsigned long, parse_ulong);
MAKE_PARSER(long long, parse_longlong);
MAKE_PARSER(unsigned long long, parse_ulonglong);
#undef MAKE_PARSER
// Generic constructor
template <class T> Arg(T*, Parser parser);
// Generic constructor template
template <class T> Arg(T* p)
: arg_(p), parser_(_PCRE_MatchObject<T>::Parse) {
}
// Parse the data
bool Parse(const char* str, size_t n) const;
private:
void* arg_;
Parser parser_;
static bool parse_null (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_char (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_schar (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_uchar (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_float (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_double (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_string (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
static bool parse_stringpiece (const char* str, size_t n, void* dest);
#define DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(name) \
private: \
static bool parse_##name(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest); \
static bool parse_##name##_radix(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest, \
int radix); \
\
public: \
static bool parse_##name##_hex(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest); \
static bool parse_##name##_octal(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest); \
static bool parse_##name##_cradix(const char* str, size_t n, void* dest)
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(short);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(ushort);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(int);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(uint);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(long);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(ulong);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(longlong);
DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER(ulonglong);
#undef DECLARE_INTEGER_PARSER
};
inline PCRE::Arg::Arg() : arg_(NULL), parser_(parse_null) { }
inline PCRE::Arg::Arg(void* p) : arg_(p), parser_(parse_null) { }
inline bool PCRE::Arg::Parse(const char* str, size_t n) const {
return (*parser_)(str, n, arg_);
}
// This part of the parser, appropriate only for ints, deals with bases
#define MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(type, name) \
inline PCRE::Arg Hex(type* ptr) { \
return PCRE::Arg(ptr, PCRE::Arg::parse_##name##_hex); \
} \
inline PCRE::Arg Octal(type* ptr) { \
return PCRE::Arg(ptr, PCRE::Arg::parse_##name##_octal); \
} \
inline PCRE::Arg CRadix(type* ptr) { \
return PCRE::Arg(ptr, PCRE::Arg::parse_##name##_cradix); \
}
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(short, short);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(unsigned short, ushort);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(int, int);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(unsigned int, uint);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(long, long);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(unsigned long, ulong);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(long long, longlong);
MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER(unsigned long long, ulonglong);
#undef MAKE_INTEGER_PARSER
} // namespace re2
#endif // UTIL_PCRE_H_