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/*
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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*
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* accompanied this code).
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package java.lang.invoke;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import sun.invoke.util.ValueConversions;
import sun.invoke.util.VerifyAccess;
import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
import sun.reflect.Reflection;
import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
import java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.BasicType;
import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.BasicType.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleImpl.Intrinsic;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* This class consists exclusively of static methods that operate on or return
* method handles. They fall into several categories:
* <ul>
* <li>Lookup methods which help create method handles for methods and fields.
* <li>Combinator methods, which combine or transform pre-existing method handles into new ones.
* <li>Other factory methods to create method handles that emulate other common JVM operations or control flow patterns.
* </ul>
* <p>
* @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
* @since 1.7
*/
public class MethodHandles {
private MethodHandles() { } // do not instantiate
private static final MemberName.Factory IMPL_NAMES = MemberName.getFactory();
static { MethodHandleImpl.initStatics(); }
// See IMPL_LOOKUP below.
//// Method handle creation from ordinary methods.
/**
* Returns a {@link Lookup lookup object} with
* full capabilities to emulate all supported bytecode behaviors of the caller.
* These capabilities include <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a> to the caller.
* Factory methods on the lookup object can create
* <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handles</a>
* for any member that the caller has access to via bytecodes,
* including protected and private fields and methods.
* This lookup object is a <em>capability</em> which may be delegated to trusted agents.
* Do not store it in place where untrusted code can access it.
* <p>
* This method is caller sensitive, which means that it may return different
* values to different callers.
* <p>
* For any given caller class {@code C}, the lookup object returned by this call
* has equivalent capabilities to any lookup object
* supplied by the JVM to the bootstrap method of an
* <a href="package-summary.html#indyinsn">invokedynamic instruction</a>
* executing in the same caller class {@code C}.
* @return a lookup object for the caller of this method, with private access
*/
@CallerSensitive
public static Lookup lookup() {
return new Lookup(Reflection.getCallerClass());
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Lookup lookup object} which is trusted minimally.
* It can only be used to create method handles to
* publicly accessible fields and methods.
* <p>
* As a matter of pure convention, the {@linkplain Lookup#lookupClass lookup class}
* of this lookup object will be {@link java.lang.Object}.
*
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* The lookup class can be changed to any other class {@code C} using an expression of the form
* {@link Lookup#in publicLookup().in(C.class)}.
* Since all classes have equal access to public names,
* such a change would confer no new access rights.
* A public lookup object is always subject to
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">security manager checks</a>.
* Also, it cannot access
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive methods</a>.
* @return a lookup object which is trusted minimally
*/
public static Lookup publicLookup() {
return Lookup.PUBLIC_LOOKUP;
}
/**
* Performs an unchecked "crack" of a
* <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>.
* The result is as if the user had obtained a lookup object capable enough
* to crack the target method handle, called
* {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#revealDirect Lookup.revealDirect}
* on the target to obtain its symbolic reference, and then called
* {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleInfo#reflectAs MethodHandleInfo.reflectAs}
* to resolve the symbolic reference to a member.
* <p>
* If there is a security manager, its {@code checkPermission} method
* is called with a {@code ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks")} permission.
* @param <T> the desired type of the result, either {@link Member} or a subtype
* @param target a direct method handle to crack into symbolic reference components
* @param expected a class object representing the desired result type {@code T}
* @return a reference to the method, constructor, or field object
* @exception SecurityException if the caller is not privileged to call {@code setAccessible}
* @exception NullPointerException if either argument is {@code null}
* @exception IllegalArgumentException if the target is not a direct method handle
* @exception ClassCastException if the member is not of the expected type
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <T extends Member> T
reflectAs(Class<T> expected, MethodHandle target) {
SecurityManager smgr = System.getSecurityManager();
if (smgr != null) smgr.checkPermission(ACCESS_PERMISSION);
Lookup lookup = Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP; // use maximally privileged lookup
return lookup.revealDirect(target).reflectAs(expected, lookup);
}
// Copied from AccessibleObject, as used by Method.setAccessible, etc.:
static final private java.security.Permission ACCESS_PERMISSION =
new ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks");
/**
* A <em>lookup object</em> is a factory for creating method handles,
* when the creation requires access checking.
* Method handles do not perform
* access checks when they are called, but rather when they are created.
* Therefore, method handle access
* restrictions must be enforced when a method handle is created.
* The caller class against which those restrictions are enforced
* is known as the {@linkplain #lookupClass lookup class}.
* <p>
* A lookup class which needs to create method handles will call
* {@link MethodHandles#lookup MethodHandles.lookup} to create a factory for itself.
* When the {@code Lookup} factory object is created, the identity of the lookup class is
* determined, and securely stored in the {@code Lookup} object.
* The lookup class (or its delegates) may then use factory methods
* on the {@code Lookup} object to create method handles for access-checked members.
* This includes all methods, constructors, and fields which are allowed to the lookup class,
* even private ones.
*
* <h1><a name="lookups"></a>Lookup Factory Methods</h1>
* The factory methods on a {@code Lookup} object correspond to all major
* use cases for methods, constructors, and fields.
* Each method handle created by a factory method is the functional
* equivalent of a particular <em>bytecode behavior</em>.
* (Bytecode behaviors are described in section 5.4.3.5 of the Java Virtual Machine Specification.)
* Here is a summary of the correspondence between these factory methods and
* the behavior the resulting method handles:
* <table border=1 cellpadding=5 summary="lookup method behaviors">
* <tr>
* <th><a name="equiv"></a>lookup expression</th>
* <th>member</th>
* <th>bytecode behavior</th>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findGetter lookup.findGetter(C.class,"f",FT.class)}</td>
* <td>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code (T) this.f;}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findStaticGetter lookup.findStaticGetter(C.class,"f",FT.class)}</td>
* <td>{@code static}<br>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code (T) C.f;}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findSetter lookup.findSetter(C.class,"f",FT.class)}</td>
* <td>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code this.f = x;}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findStaticSetter lookup.findStaticSetter(C.class,"f",FT.class)}</td>
* <td>{@code static}<br>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code C.f = arg;}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findVirtual lookup.findVirtual(C.class,"m",MT)}</td>
* <td>{@code T m(A*);}</td><td>{@code (T) this.m(arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findStatic lookup.findStatic(C.class,"m",MT)}</td>
* <td>{@code static}<br>{@code T m(A*);}</td><td>{@code (T) C.m(arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findSpecial lookup.findSpecial(C.class,"m",MT,this.class)}</td>
* <td>{@code T m(A*);}</td><td>{@code (T) super.m(arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#findConstructor lookup.findConstructor(C.class,MT)}</td>
* <td>{@code C(A*);}</td><td>{@code new C(arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#unreflectGetter lookup.unreflectGetter(aField)}</td>
* <td>({@code static})?<br>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code (FT) aField.get(thisOrNull);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#unreflectSetter lookup.unreflectSetter(aField)}</td>
* <td>({@code static})?<br>{@code FT f;}</td><td>{@code aField.set(thisOrNull, arg);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#unreflect lookup.unreflect(aMethod)}</td>
* <td>({@code static})?<br>{@code T m(A*);}</td><td>{@code (T) aMethod.invoke(thisOrNull, arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#unreflectConstructor lookup.unreflectConstructor(aConstructor)}</td>
* <td>{@code C(A*);}</td><td>{@code (C) aConstructor.newInstance(arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>{@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#unreflect lookup.unreflect(aMethod)}</td>
* <td>({@code static})?<br>{@code T m(A*);}</td><td>{@code (T) aMethod.invoke(thisOrNull, arg*);}</td>
* </tr>
* </table>
*
* Here, the type {@code C} is the class or interface being searched for a member,
* documented as a parameter named {@code refc} in the lookup methods.
* The method type {@code MT} is composed from the return type {@code T}
* and the sequence of argument types {@code A*}.
* The constructor also has a sequence of argument types {@code A*} and
* is deemed to return the newly-created object of type {@code C}.
* Both {@code MT} and the field type {@code FT} are documented as a parameter named {@code type}.
* The formal parameter {@code this} stands for the self-reference of type {@code C};
* if it is present, it is always the leading argument to the method handle invocation.
* (In the case of some {@code protected} members, {@code this} may be
* restricted in type to the lookup class; see below.)
* The name {@code arg} stands for all the other method handle arguments.
* In the code examples for the Core Reflection API, the name {@code thisOrNull}
* stands for a null reference if the accessed method or field is static,
* and {@code this} otherwise.
* The names {@code aMethod}, {@code aField}, and {@code aConstructor} stand
* for reflective objects corresponding to the given members.
* <p>
* In cases where the given member is of variable arity (i.e., a method or constructor)
* the returned method handle will also be of {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity}.
* In all other cases, the returned method handle will be of fixed arity.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* The equivalence between looked-up method handles and underlying
* class members and bytecode behaviors
* can break down in a few ways:
* <ul style="font-size:smaller;">
* <li>If {@code C} is not symbolically accessible from the lookup class's loader,
* the lookup can still succeed, even when there is no equivalent
* Java expression or bytecoded constant.
* <li>Likewise, if {@code T} or {@code MT}
* is not symbolically accessible from the lookup class's loader,
* the lookup can still succeed.
* For example, lookups for {@code MethodHandle.invokeExact} and
* {@code MethodHandle.invoke} will always succeed, regardless of requested type.
* <li>If there is a security manager installed, it can forbid the lookup
* on various grounds (<a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">see below</a>).
* By contrast, the {@code ldc} instruction on a {@code CONSTANT_MethodHandle}
* constant is not subject to security manager checks.
* <li>If the looked-up method has a
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">very large arity</a>,
* the method handle creation may fail, due to the method handle
* type having too many parameters.
* </ul>
*
* <h1><a name="access"></a>Access checking</h1>
* Access checks are applied in the factory methods of {@code Lookup},
* when a method handle is created.
* This is a key difference from the Core Reflection API, since
* {@link java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke}
* performs access checking against every caller, on every call.
* <p>
* All access checks start from a {@code Lookup} object, which
* compares its recorded lookup class against all requests to
* create method handles.
* A single {@code Lookup} object can be used to create any number
* of access-checked method handles, all checked against a single
* lookup class.
* <p>
* A {@code Lookup} object can be shared with other trusted code,
* such as a metaobject protocol.
* A shared {@code Lookup} object delegates the capability
* to create method handles on private members of the lookup class.
* Even if privileged code uses the {@code Lookup} object,
* the access checking is confined to the privileges of the
* original lookup class.
* <p>
* A lookup can fail, because
* the containing class is not accessible to the lookup class, or
* because the desired class member is missing, or because the
* desired class member is not accessible to the lookup class, or
* because the lookup object is not trusted enough to access the member.
* In any of these cases, a {@code ReflectiveOperationException} will be
* thrown from the attempted lookup. The exact class will be one of
* the following:
* <ul>
* <li>NoSuchMethodException &mdash; if a method is requested but does not exist
* <li>NoSuchFieldException &mdash; if a field is requested but does not exist
* <li>IllegalAccessException &mdash; if the member exists but an access check fails
* </ul>
* <p>
* In general, the conditions under which a method handle may be
* looked up for a method {@code M} are no more restrictive than the conditions
* under which the lookup class could have compiled, verified, and resolved a call to {@code M}.
* Where the JVM would raise exceptions like {@code NoSuchMethodError},
* a method handle lookup will generally raise a corresponding
* checked exception, such as {@code NoSuchMethodException}.
* And the effect of invoking the method handle resulting from the lookup
* is <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">exactly equivalent</a>
* to executing the compiled, verified, and resolved call to {@code M}.
* The same point is true of fields and constructors.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* Access checks only apply to named and reflected methods,
* constructors, and fields.
* Other method handle creation methods, such as
* {@link MethodHandle#asType MethodHandle.asType},
* do not require any access checks, and are used
* independently of any {@code Lookup} object.
* <p>
* If the desired member is {@code protected}, the usual JVM rules apply,
* including the requirement that the lookup class must be either be in the
* same package as the desired member, or must inherit that member.
* (See the Java Virtual Machine Specification, sections 4.9.2, 5.4.3.5, and 6.4.)
* In addition, if the desired member is a non-static field or method
* in a different package, the resulting method handle may only be applied
* to objects of the lookup class or one of its subclasses.
* This requirement is enforced by narrowing the type of the leading
* {@code this} parameter from {@code C}
* (which will necessarily be a superclass of the lookup class)
* to the lookup class itself.
* <p>
* The JVM imposes a similar requirement on {@code invokespecial} instruction,
* that the receiver argument must match both the resolved method <em>and</em>
* the current class. Again, this requirement is enforced by narrowing the
* type of the leading parameter to the resulting method handle.
* (See the Java Virtual Machine Specification, section 4.10.1.9.)
* <p>
* The JVM represents constructors and static initializer blocks as internal methods
* with special names ({@code "<init>"} and {@code "<clinit>"}).
* The internal syntax of invocation instructions allows them to refer to such internal
* methods as if they were normal methods, but the JVM bytecode verifier rejects them.
* A lookup of such an internal method will produce a {@code NoSuchMethodException}.
* <p>
* In some cases, access between nested classes is obtained by the Java compiler by creating
* an wrapper method to access a private method of another class
* in the same top-level declaration.
* For example, a nested class {@code C.D}
* can access private members within other related classes such as
* {@code C}, {@code C.D.E}, or {@code C.B},
* but the Java compiler may need to generate wrapper methods in
* those related classes. In such cases, a {@code Lookup} object on
* {@code C.E} would be unable to those private members.
* A workaround for this limitation is the {@link Lookup#in Lookup.in} method,
* which can transform a lookup on {@code C.E} into one on any of those other
* classes, without special elevation of privilege.
* <p>
* The accesses permitted to a given lookup object may be limited,
* according to its set of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes},
* to a subset of members normally accessible to the lookup class.
* For example, the {@link MethodHandles#publicLookup publicLookup}
* method produces a lookup object which is only allowed to access
* public members in public classes.
* The caller sensitive method {@link MethodHandles#lookup lookup}
* produces a lookup object with full capabilities relative to
* its caller class, to emulate all supported bytecode behaviors.
* Also, the {@link Lookup#in Lookup.in} method may produce a lookup object
* with fewer access modes than the original lookup object.
*
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <a name="privacc"></a>
* <em>Discussion of private access:</em>
* We say that a lookup has <em>private access</em>
* if its {@linkplain #lookupModes lookup modes}
* include the possibility of accessing {@code private} members.
* As documented in the relevant methods elsewhere,
* only lookups with private access possess the following capabilities:
* <ul style="font-size:smaller;">
* <li>access private fields, methods, and constructors of the lookup class
* <li>create method handles which invoke <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive</a> methods,
* such as {@code Class.forName}
* <li>create method handles which {@link Lookup#findSpecial emulate invokespecial} instructions
* <li>avoid <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">package access checks</a>
* for classes accessible to the lookup class
* <li>create {@link Lookup#in delegated lookup objects} which have private access to other classes
* within the same package member
* </ul>
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* Each of these permissions is a consequence of the fact that a lookup object
* with private access can be securely traced back to an originating class,
* whose <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">bytecode behaviors</a> and Java language access permissions
* can be reliably determined and emulated by method handles.
*
* <h1><a name="secmgr"></a>Security manager interactions</h1>
* Although bytecode instructions can only refer to classes in
* a related class loader, this API can search for methods in any
* class, as long as a reference to its {@code Class} object is
* available. Such cross-loader references are also possible with the
* Core Reflection API, and are impossible to bytecode instructions
* such as {@code invokestatic} or {@code getfield}.
* There is a {@linkplain java.lang.SecurityManager security manager API}
* to allow applications to check such cross-loader references.
* These checks apply to both the {@code MethodHandles.Lookup} API
* and the Core Reflection API
* (as found on {@link java.lang.Class Class}).
* <p>
* If a security manager is present, member lookups are subject to
* additional checks.
* From one to three calls are made to the security manager.
* Any of these calls can refuse access by throwing a
* {@link java.lang.SecurityException SecurityException}.
* Define {@code smgr} as the security manager,
* {@code lookc} as the lookup class of the current lookup object,
* {@code refc} as the containing class in which the member
* is being sought, and {@code defc} as the class in which the
* member is actually defined.
* The value {@code lookc} is defined as <em>not present</em>
* if the current lookup object does not have
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>.
* The calls are made according to the following rules:
* <ul>
* <li><b>Step 1:</b>
* If {@code lookc} is not present, or if its class loader is not
* the same as or an ancestor of the class loader of {@code refc},
* then {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
* smgr.checkPackageAccess(refcPkg)} is called,
* where {@code refcPkg} is the package of {@code refc}.
* <li><b>Step 2:</b>
* If the retrieved member is not public and
* {@code lookc} is not present, then
* {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission smgr.checkPermission}
* with {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")} is called.
* <li><b>Step 3:</b>
* If the retrieved member is not public,
* and if {@code lookc} is not present,
* and if {@code defc} and {@code refc} are different,
* then {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
* smgr.checkPackageAccess(defcPkg)} is called,
* where {@code defcPkg} is the package of {@code defc}.
* </ul>
* Security checks are performed after other access checks have passed.
* Therefore, the above rules presuppose a member that is public,
* or else that is being accessed from a lookup class that has
* rights to access the member.
*
* <h1><a name="callsens"></a>Caller sensitive methods</h1>
* A small number of Java methods have a special property called caller sensitivity.
* A <em>caller-sensitive</em> method can behave differently depending on the
* identity of its immediate caller.
* <p>
* If a method handle for a caller-sensitive method is requested,
* the general rules for <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">bytecode behaviors</a> apply,
* but they take account of the lookup class in a special way.
* The resulting method handle behaves as if it were called
* from an instruction contained in the lookup class,
* so that the caller-sensitive method detects the lookup class.
* (By contrast, the invoker of the method handle is disregarded.)
* Thus, in the case of caller-sensitive methods,
* different lookup classes may give rise to
* differently behaving method handles.
* <p>
* In cases where the lookup object is
* {@link MethodHandles#publicLookup() publicLookup()},
* or some other lookup object without
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>,
* the lookup class is disregarded.
* In such cases, no caller-sensitive method handle can be created,
* access is forbidden, and the lookup fails with an
* {@code IllegalAccessException}.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* For example, the caller-sensitive method
* {@link java.lang.Class#forName(String) Class.forName(x)}
* can return varying classes or throw varying exceptions,
* depending on the class loader of the class that calls it.
* A public lookup of {@code Class.forName} will fail, because
* there is no reasonable way to determine its bytecode behavior.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* If an application caches method handles for broad sharing,
* it should use {@code publicLookup()} to create them.
* If there is a lookup of {@code Class.forName}, it will fail,
* and the application must take appropriate action in that case.
* It may be that a later lookup, perhaps during the invocation of a
* bootstrap method, can incorporate the specific identity
* of the caller, making the method accessible.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* The function {@code MethodHandles.lookup} is caller sensitive
* so that there can be a secure foundation for lookups.
* Nearly all other methods in the JSR 292 API rely on lookup
* objects to check access requests.
*/
public static final
class Lookup {
/** The class on behalf of whom the lookup is being performed. */
private final Class<?> lookupClass;
/** The allowed sorts of members which may be looked up (PUBLIC, etc.). */
private final int allowedModes;
/** A single-bit mask representing {@code public} access,
* which may contribute to the result of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes}.
* The value, {@code 0x01}, happens to be the same as the value of the
* {@code public} {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Modifier#PUBLIC modifier bit}.
*/
public static final int PUBLIC = Modifier.PUBLIC;
/** A single-bit mask representing {@code private} access,
* which may contribute to the result of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes}.
* The value, {@code 0x02}, happens to be the same as the value of the
* {@code private} {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Modifier#PRIVATE modifier bit}.
*/
public static final int PRIVATE = Modifier.PRIVATE;
/** A single-bit mask representing {@code protected} access,
* which may contribute to the result of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes}.
* The value, {@code 0x04}, happens to be the same as the value of the
* {@code protected} {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Modifier#PROTECTED modifier bit}.
*/
public static final int PROTECTED = Modifier.PROTECTED;
/** A single-bit mask representing {@code package} access (default access),
* which may contribute to the result of {@link #lookupModes lookupModes}.
* The value is {@code 0x08}, which does not correspond meaningfully to
* any particular {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Modifier modifier bit}.
*/
public static final int PACKAGE = Modifier.STATIC;
private static final int ALL_MODES = (PUBLIC | PRIVATE | PROTECTED | PACKAGE);
private static final int TRUSTED = -1;
private static int fixmods(int mods) {
mods &= (ALL_MODES - PACKAGE);
return (mods != 0) ? mods : PACKAGE;
}
/** Tells which class is performing the lookup. It is this class against
* which checks are performed for visibility and access permissions.
* <p>
* The class implies a maximum level of access permission,
* but the permissions may be additionally limited by the bitmask
* {@link #lookupModes lookupModes}, which controls whether non-public members
* can be accessed.
* @return the lookup class, on behalf of which this lookup object finds members
*/
public Class<?> lookupClass() {
return lookupClass;
}
// This is just for calling out to MethodHandleImpl.
private Class<?> lookupClassOrNull() {
return (allowedModes == TRUSTED) ? null : lookupClass;
}
/** Tells which access-protection classes of members this lookup object can produce.
* The result is a bit-mask of the bits
* {@linkplain #PUBLIC PUBLIC (0x01)},
* {@linkplain #PRIVATE PRIVATE (0x02)},
* {@linkplain #PROTECTED PROTECTED (0x04)},
* and {@linkplain #PACKAGE PACKAGE (0x08)}.
* <p>
* A freshly-created lookup object
* on the {@linkplain java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#lookup() caller's class}
* has all possible bits set, since the caller class can access all its own members.
* A lookup object on a new lookup class
* {@linkplain java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#in created from a previous lookup object}
* may have some mode bits set to zero.
* The purpose of this is to restrict access via the new lookup object,
* so that it can access only names which can be reached by the original
* lookup object, and also by the new lookup class.
* @return the lookup modes, which limit the kinds of access performed by this lookup object
*/
public int lookupModes() {
return allowedModes & ALL_MODES;
}
/** Embody the current class (the lookupClass) as a lookup class
* for method handle creation.
* Must be called by from a method in this package,
* which in turn is called by a method not in this package.
*/
Lookup(Class<?> lookupClass) {
this(lookupClass, ALL_MODES);
// make sure we haven't accidentally picked up a privileged class:
checkUnprivilegedlookupClass(lookupClass, ALL_MODES);
}
private Lookup(Class<?> lookupClass, int allowedModes) {
this.lookupClass = lookupClass;
this.allowedModes = allowedModes;
}
/**
* Creates a lookup on the specified new lookup class.
* The resulting object will report the specified
* class as its own {@link #lookupClass lookupClass}.
* <p>
* However, the resulting {@code Lookup} object is guaranteed
* to have no more access capabilities than the original.
* In particular, access capabilities can be lost as follows:<ul>
* <li>If the new lookup class differs from the old one,
* protected members will not be accessible by virtue of inheritance.
* (Protected members may continue to be accessible because of package sharing.)
* <li>If the new lookup class is in a different package
* than the old one, protected and default (package) members will not be accessible.
* <li>If the new lookup class is not within the same package member
* as the old one, private members will not be accessible.
* <li>If the new lookup class is not accessible to the old lookup class,
* then no members, not even public members, will be accessible.
* (In all other cases, public members will continue to be accessible.)
* </ul>
*
* @param requestedLookupClass the desired lookup class for the new lookup object
* @return a lookup object which reports the desired lookup class
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
*/
public Lookup in(Class<?> requestedLookupClass) {
requestedLookupClass.getClass(); // null check
if (allowedModes == TRUSTED) // IMPL_LOOKUP can make any lookup at all
return new Lookup(requestedLookupClass, ALL_MODES);
if (requestedLookupClass == this.lookupClass)
return this; // keep same capabilities
int newModes = (allowedModes & (ALL_MODES & ~PROTECTED));
if ((newModes & PACKAGE) != 0
&& !VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(this.lookupClass, requestedLookupClass)) {
newModes &= ~(PACKAGE|PRIVATE);
}
// Allow nestmate lookups to be created without special privilege:
if ((newModes & PRIVATE) != 0
&& !VerifyAccess.isSamePackageMember(this.lookupClass, requestedLookupClass)) {
newModes &= ~PRIVATE;
}
if ((newModes & PUBLIC) != 0
&& !VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible(requestedLookupClass, this.lookupClass, allowedModes)) {
// The requested class it not accessible from the lookup class.
// No permissions.
newModes = 0;
}
checkUnprivilegedlookupClass(requestedLookupClass, newModes);
return new Lookup(requestedLookupClass, newModes);
}
// Make sure outer class is initialized first.
static { IMPL_NAMES.getClass(); }
/** Version of lookup which is trusted minimally.
* It can only be used to create method handles to
* publicly accessible members.
*/
static final Lookup PUBLIC_LOOKUP = new Lookup(Object.class, PUBLIC);
/** Package-private version of lookup which is trusted. */
static final Lookup IMPL_LOOKUP = new Lookup(Object.class, TRUSTED);
private static void checkUnprivilegedlookupClass(Class<?> lookupClass, int allowedModes) {
String name = lookupClass.getName();
if (name.startsWith("java.lang.invoke."))
throw newIllegalArgumentException("illegal lookupClass: "+lookupClass);
// For caller-sensitive MethodHandles.lookup()
// disallow lookup more restricted packages
if (allowedModes == ALL_MODES && lookupClass.getClassLoader() == null) {
if (name.startsWith("java.") ||
(name.startsWith("sun.") && !name.startsWith("sun.invoke."))) {
throw newIllegalArgumentException("illegal lookupClass: " + lookupClass);
}
}
}
/**
* Displays the name of the class from which lookups are to be made.
* (The name is the one reported by {@link java.lang.Class#getName() Class.getName}.)
* If there are restrictions on the access permitted to this lookup,
* this is indicated by adding a suffix to the class name, consisting
* of a slash and a keyword. The keyword represents the strongest
* allowed access, and is chosen as follows:
* <ul>
* <li>If no access is allowed, the suffix is "/noaccess".
* <li>If only public access is allowed, the suffix is "/public".
* <li>If only public and package access are allowed, the suffix is "/package".
* <li>If only public, package, and private access are allowed, the suffix is "/private".
* </ul>
* If none of the above cases apply, it is the case that full
* access (public, package, private, and protected) is allowed.
* In this case, no suffix is added.
* This is true only of an object obtained originally from
* {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#lookup MethodHandles.lookup}.
* Objects created by {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#in Lookup.in}
* always have restricted access, and will display a suffix.
* <p>
* (It may seem strange that protected access should be
* stronger than private access. Viewed independently from
* package access, protected access is the first to be lost,
* because it requires a direct subclass relationship between
* caller and callee.)
* @see #in
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
String cname = lookupClass.getName();
switch (allowedModes) {
case 0: // no privileges
return cname + "/noaccess";
case PUBLIC:
return cname + "/public";
case PUBLIC|PACKAGE:
return cname + "/package";
case ALL_MODES & ~PROTECTED:
return cname + "/private";
case ALL_MODES:
return cname;
case TRUSTED:
return "/trusted"; // internal only; not exported
default: // Should not happen, but it's a bitfield...
cname = cname + "/" + Integer.toHexString(allowedModes);
assert(false) : cname;
return cname;
}
}
/**
* Produces a method handle for a static method.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method.
* (Since static methods do not take receivers, there is no
* additional receiver argument inserted into the method handle type,
* as there would be with {@link #findVirtual findVirtual} or {@link #findSpecial findSpecial}.)
* The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p>
* If the returned method handle is invoked, the method's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle MH_asList = publicLookup().findStatic(Arrays.class,
"asList", methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
assertEquals("[x, y]", MH_asList.invoke("x", "y").toString());
* }</pre></blockquote>
* @param refc the class from which the method is accessed
* @param name the name of the method
* @param type the type of the method
* @return the desired method handle
* @throws NoSuchMethodException if the method does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails,
* or if the method is not {@code static},
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public
MethodHandle findStatic(Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
MemberName method = resolveOrFail(REF_invokeStatic, refc, name, type);
return getDirectMethod(REF_invokeStatic, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
}
/**
* Produces a method handle for a virtual method.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
* with the receiver type (usually {@code refc}) prepended.
* The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
* <p>
* When called, the handle will treat the first argument as a receiver
* and dispatch on the receiver's type to determine which method
* implementation to enter.
* (The dispatching action is identical with that performed by an
* {@code invokevirtual} or {@code invokeinterface} instruction.)
* <p>
* The first argument will be of type {@code refc} if the lookup
* class has full privileges to access the member. Otherwise
* the member must be {@code protected} and the first argument
* will be restricted in type to the lookup class.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p>
* Because of the general <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">equivalence</a> between {@code invokevirtual}
* instructions and method handles produced by {@code findVirtual},
* if the class is {@code MethodHandle} and the name string is
* {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke}, the resulting
* method handle is equivalent to one produced by
* {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#exactInvoker MethodHandles.exactInvoker} or
* {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#invoker MethodHandles.invoker}
* with the same {@code type} argument.
*
* <b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle MH_concat = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
MethodHandle MH_hashCode = publicLookup().findVirtual(Object.class,
"hashCode", methodType(int.class));
MethodHandle MH_hashCode_String = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"hashCode", methodType(int.class));
assertEquals("xy", (String) MH_concat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode_String.invokeExact("xy"));
// interface method:
MethodHandle MH_subSequence = publicLookup().findVirtual(CharSequence.class,
"subSequence", methodType(CharSequence.class, int.class, int.class));
assertEquals("def", MH_subSequence.invoke("abcdefghi", 3, 6).toString());
// constructor "internal method" must be accessed differently:
MethodType MT_newString = methodType(void.class); //()V for new String()
try { assertEquals("impossible", lookup()
.findVirtual(String.class, "<init>", MT_newString));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
MethodHandle MH_newString = publicLookup()
.findConstructor(String.class, MT_newString);
assertEquals("", (String) MH_newString.invokeExact());
* }</pre></blockquote>
*
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the name of the method
* @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted
* @return the desired method handle
* @throws NoSuchMethodException if the method does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails,
* or if the method is {@code static}
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findVirtual(Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
if (refc == MethodHandle.class) {
MethodHandle mh = findVirtualForMH(name, type);
if (mh != null) return mh;
}
byte refKind = (refc.isInterface() ? REF_invokeInterface : REF_invokeVirtual);
MemberName method = resolveOrFail(refKind, refc, name, type);
return getDirectMethod(refKind, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
}
private MethodHandle findVirtualForMH(String name, MethodType type) {
// these names require special lookups because of the implicit MethodType argument
if ("invoke".equals(name))
return invoker(type);
if ("invokeExact".equals(name))
return exactInvoker(type);
assert(!MemberName.isMethodHandleInvokeName(name));
return null;
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which creates an object and initializes it, using
* the constructor of the specified type.
* The parameter types of the method handle will be those of the constructor,
* while the return type will be a reference to the constructor's class.
* The constructor and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
* <p>
* The requested type must have a return type of {@code void}.
* (This is consistent with the JVM's treatment of constructor type descriptors.)
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the constructor's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p>
* If the returned method handle is invoked, the constructor's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle MH_newArrayList = publicLookup().findConstructor(
ArrayList.class, methodType(void.class, Collection.class));
Collection orig = Arrays.asList("x", "y");
Collection copy = (ArrayList) MH_newArrayList.invokeExact(orig);
assert(orig != copy);
assertEquals(orig, copy);
// a variable-arity constructor:
MethodHandle MH_newProcessBuilder = publicLookup().findConstructor(
ProcessBuilder.class, methodType(void.class, String[].class));
ProcessBuilder pb = (ProcessBuilder)
MH_newProcessBuilder.invoke("x", "y", "z");
assertEquals("[x, y, z]", pb.command().toString());
* }</pre></blockquote>
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted, and a void return type
* @return the desired method handle
* @throws NoSuchMethodException if the constructor does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findConstructor(Class<?> refc, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
String name = "<init>";
MemberName ctor = resolveOrFail(REF_newInvokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
return getDirectConstructor(refc, ctor);
}
/**
* Produces an early-bound method handle for a virtual method.
* It will bypass checks for overriding methods on the receiver,
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">as if called</a> from an {@code invokespecial}
* instruction from within the explicitly specified {@code specialCaller}.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
* with a suitably restricted receiver type prepended.
* (The receiver type will be {@code specialCaller} or a subtype.)
* The method and all its argument types must be accessible
* to the lookup object.
* <p>
* Before method resolution,
* if the explicitly specified caller class is not identical with the
* lookup class, or if this lookup object does not have
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>
* privileges, the access fails.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>(Note: JVM internal methods named {@code "<init>"} are not visible to this API,
* even though the {@code invokespecial} instruction can refer to them
* in special circumstances. Use {@link #findConstructor findConstructor}
* to access instance initialization methods in a safe manner.)</em>
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
static class Listie extends ArrayList {
public String toString() { return "[wee Listie]"; }
static Lookup lookup() { return MethodHandles.lookup(); }
}
...
// no access to constructor via invokeSpecial:
MethodHandle MH_newListie = Listie.lookup()
.findConstructor(Listie.class, methodType(void.class));
Listie l = (Listie) MH_newListie.invokeExact();
try { assertEquals("impossible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
Listie.class, "<init>", methodType(void.class), Listie.class));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
// access to super and self methods via invokeSpecial:
MethodHandle MH_super = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
ArrayList.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
MethodHandle MH_this = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
Listie.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
MethodHandle MH_duper = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
Object.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_super.invokeExact(l));
assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(l));
assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_duper.invokeExact(l)); // ArrayList method
try { assertEquals("inaccessible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
String.class, "toString", methodType(String.class), Listie.class));
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { } // OK
Listie subl = new Listie() { public String toString() { return "[subclass]"; } };
assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(subl)); // Listie method
* }</pre></blockquote>
*
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the name of the method (which must not be "&lt;init&gt;")
* @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted
* @param specialCaller the proposed calling class to perform the {@code invokespecial}
* @return the desired method handle
* @throws NoSuchMethodException if the method does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findSpecial(Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type,
Class<?> specialCaller) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
checkSpecialCaller(specialCaller);
Lookup specialLookup = this.in(specialCaller);
MemberName method = specialLookup.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
return specialLookup.getDirectMethod(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving read access to a non-static field.
* The type of the method handle will have a return type of the field's
* value type.
* The method handle's single argument will be the instance containing
* the field.
* Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the field's name
* @param type the field's type
* @return a method handle which can load values from the field
* @throws NoSuchFieldException if the field does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails, or if the field is {@code static}
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findGetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_getField, refc, name, type);
return getDirectField(REF_getField, refc, field);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving write access to a non-static field.
* The type of the method handle will have a void return type.
* The method handle will take two arguments, the instance containing
* the field, and the value to be stored.
* The second argument will be of the field's value type.
* Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the field's name
* @param type the field's type
* @return a method handle which can store values into the field
* @throws NoSuchFieldException if the field does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails, or if the field is {@code static}
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findSetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_putField, refc, name, type);
return getDirectField(REF_putField, refc, field);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving read access to a static field.
* The type of the method handle will have a return type of the field's
* value type.
* The method handle will take no arguments.
* Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* <p>
* If the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the field's name
* @param type the field's type
* @return a method handle which can load values from the field
* @throws NoSuchFieldException if the field does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails, or if the field is not {@code static}
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findStaticGetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_getStatic, refc, name, type);
return getDirectField(REF_getStatic, refc, field);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving write access to a static field.
* The type of the method handle will have a void return type.
* The method handle will take a single
* argument, of the field's value type, the value to be stored.
* Access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* <p>
* If the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param refc the class or interface from which the method is accessed
* @param name the field's name
* @param type the field's type
* @return a method handle which can store values into the field
* @throws NoSuchFieldException if the field does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails, or if the field is not {@code static}
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle findStaticSetter(Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
MemberName field = resolveOrFail(REF_putStatic, refc, name, type);
return getDirectField(REF_putStatic, refc, field);
}
/**
* Produces an early-bound method handle for a non-static method.
* The receiver must have a supertype {@code defc} in which a method
* of the given name and type is accessible to the lookup class.
* The method and all its argument types must be accessible to the lookup object.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
* without any insertion of an additional receiver parameter.
* The given receiver will be bound into the method handle,
* so that every call to the method handle will invoke the
* requested method on the given receiver.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set
* <em>and</em> the trailing array argument is not the only argument.
* (If the trailing array argument is the only argument,
* the given receiver value will be bound to it.)
* <p>
* This is equivalent to the following code:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle mh0 = lookup().findVirtual(defc, name, type);
MethodHandle mh1 = mh0.bindTo(receiver);
MethodType mt1 = mh1.type();
if (mh0.isVarargsCollector())
mh1 = mh1.asVarargsCollector(mt1.parameterType(mt1.parameterCount()-1));
return mh1;
* }</pre></blockquote>
* where {@code defc} is either {@code receiver.getClass()} or a super
* type of that class, in which the requested method is accessible
* to the lookup class.
* (Note that {@code bindTo} does not preserve variable arity.)
* @param receiver the object from which the method is accessed
* @param name the name of the method
* @param type the type of the method, with the receiver argument omitted
* @return the desired method handle
* @throws NoSuchMethodException if the method does not exist
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
* @see MethodHandle#bindTo
* @see #findVirtual
*/
public MethodHandle bind(Object receiver, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
Class<? extends Object> refc = receiver.getClass(); // may get NPE
MemberName method = resolveOrFail(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, name, type);
MethodHandle mh = getDirectMethodNoRestrict(REF_invokeSpecial, refc, method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
return mh.bindArgumentL(0, receiver).setVarargs(method);
}
/**
* Makes a <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>
* to <i>m</i>, if the lookup class has permission.
* If <i>m</i> is non-static, the receiver argument is treated as an initial argument.
* If <i>m</i> is virtual, overriding is respected on every call.
* Unlike the Core Reflection API, exceptions are <em>not</em> wrapped.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
* with the receiver type prepended (but only if it is non-static).
* If the method's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
* access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* If <i>m</i> is not public, do not share the resulting handle with untrusted parties.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p>
* If <i>m</i> is static, and
* if the returned method handle is invoked, the method's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param m the reflected method
* @return a method handle which can invoke the reflected method
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle unreflect(Method m) throws IllegalAccessException {
if (m.getDeclaringClass() == MethodHandle.class) {
MethodHandle mh = unreflectForMH(m);
if (mh != null) return mh;
}
MemberName method = new MemberName(m);
byte refKind = method.getReferenceKind();
if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial)
refKind = REF_invokeVirtual;
assert(method.isMethod());
Lookup lookup = m.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
return lookup.getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(refKind, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
}
private MethodHandle unreflectForMH(Method m) {
// these names require special lookups because they throw UnsupportedOperationException
if (MemberName.isMethodHandleInvokeName(m.getName()))
return MethodHandleImpl.fakeMethodHandleInvoke(new MemberName(m));
return null;
}
/**
* Produces a method handle for a reflected method.
* It will bypass checks for overriding methods on the receiver,
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#equiv">as if called</a> from an {@code invokespecial}
* instruction from within the explicitly specified {@code specialCaller}.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the method,
* with a suitably restricted receiver type prepended.
* (The receiver type will be {@code specialCaller} or a subtype.)
* If the method's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
* access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class,
* as if {@code invokespecial} instruction were being linked.
* <p>
* Before method resolution,
* if the explicitly specified caller class is not identical with the
* lookup class, or if this lookup object does not have
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#privacc">private access</a>
* privileges, the access fails.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the method's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* @param m the reflected method
* @param specialCaller the class nominally calling the method
* @return a method handle which can invoke the reflected method
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle unreflectSpecial(Method m, Class<?> specialCaller) throws IllegalAccessException {
checkSpecialCaller(specialCaller);
Lookup specialLookup = this.in(specialCaller);
MemberName method = new MemberName(m, true);
assert(method.isMethod());
// ignore m.isAccessible: this is a new kind of access
return specialLookup.getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(REF_invokeSpecial, method.getDeclaringClass(), method, findBoundCallerClass(method));
}
/**
* Produces a method handle for a reflected constructor.
* The type of the method handle will be that of the constructor,
* with the return type changed to the declaring class.
* The method handle will perform a {@code newInstance} operation,
* creating a new instance of the constructor's class on the
* arguments passed to the method handle.
* <p>
* If the constructor's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
* access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* <p>
* The returned method handle will have
* {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity} if and only if
* the constructor's variable arity modifier bit ({@code 0x0080}) is set.
* <p>
* If the returned method handle is invoked, the constructor's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param c the reflected constructor
* @return a method handle which can invoke the reflected constructor
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* or if the method's variable arity modifier bit
* is set and {@code asVarargsCollector} fails
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle unreflectConstructor(Constructor<?> c) throws IllegalAccessException {
MemberName ctor = new MemberName(c);
assert(ctor.isConstructor());
Lookup lookup = c.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
return lookup.getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(ctor.getDeclaringClass(), ctor);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving read access to a reflected field.
* The type of the method handle will have a return type of the field's
* value type.
* If the field is static, the method handle will take no arguments.
* Otherwise, its single argument will be the instance containing
* the field.
* If the field's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
* access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* <p>
* If the field is static, and
* if the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param f the reflected field
* @return a method handle which can load values from the reflected field
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle unreflectGetter(Field f) throws IllegalAccessException {
return unreflectField(f, false);
}
private MethodHandle unreflectField(Field f, boolean isSetter) throws IllegalAccessException {
MemberName field = new MemberName(f, isSetter);
assert(isSetter
? MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(field.getReferenceKind())
: MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsGetter(field.getReferenceKind()));
Lookup lookup = f.isAccessible() ? IMPL_LOOKUP : this;
return lookup.getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(field.getReferenceKind(), f.getDeclaringClass(), field);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving write access to a reflected field.
* The type of the method handle will have a void return type.
* If the field is static, the method handle will take a single
* argument, of the field's value type, the value to be stored.
* Otherwise, the two arguments will be the instance containing
* the field, and the value to be stored.
* If the field's {@code accessible} flag is not set,
* access checking is performed immediately on behalf of the lookup class.
* <p>
* If the field is static, and
* if the returned method handle is invoked, the field's class will
* be initialized, if it has not already been initialized.
* @param f the reflected field
* @return a method handle which can store values into the reflected field
* @throws IllegalAccessException if access checking fails
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
*/
public MethodHandle unreflectSetter(Field f) throws IllegalAccessException {
return unreflectField(f, true);
}
/**
* Cracks a <a href="MethodHandleInfo.html#directmh">direct method handle</a>
* created by this lookup object or a similar one.
* Security and access checks are performed to ensure that this lookup object
* is capable of reproducing the target method handle.
* This means that the cracking may fail if target is a direct method handle
* but was created by an unrelated lookup object.
* This can happen if the method handle is <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#callsens">caller sensitive</a>
* and was created by a lookup object for a different class.
* @param target a direct method handle to crack into symbolic reference components
* @return a symbolic reference which can be used to reconstruct this method handle from this lookup object
* @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
* <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">refuses access</a>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the target is not a direct method handle or if access checking fails
* @exception NullPointerException if the target is {@code null}
* @see MethodHandleInfo
* @since 1.8
*/
public MethodHandleInfo revealDirect(MethodHandle target) {
MemberName member = target.internalMemberName();
if (member == null || (!member.isResolved() && !member.isMethodHandleInvoke()))
throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a direct method handle");
Class<?> defc = member.getDeclaringClass();
byte refKind = member.getReferenceKind();
assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsValid(refKind));
if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial && !target.isInvokeSpecial())
// Devirtualized method invocation is usually formally virtual.
// To avoid creating extra MemberName objects for this common case,
// we encode this extra degree of freedom using MH.isInvokeSpecial.
refKind = REF_invokeVirtual;
if (refKind == REF_invokeVirtual && defc.isInterface())
// Symbolic reference is through interface but resolves to Object method (toString, etc.)
refKind = REF_invokeInterface;
// Check SM permissions and member access before cracking.
try {
checkAccess(refKind, defc, member);
checkSecurityManager(defc, member);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex);
}
if (allowedModes != TRUSTED && member.isCallerSensitive()) {
Class<?> callerClass = target.internalCallerClass();
if (!hasPrivateAccess() || callerClass != lookupClass())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("method handle is caller sensitive: "+callerClass);
}
// Produce the handle to the results.
return new InfoFromMemberName(this, member, refKind);
}
/// Helper methods, all package-private.
MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, String name, Class<?> type) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
checkSymbolicClass(refc); // do this before attempting to resolve
name.getClass(); // NPE
type.getClass(); // NPE
return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, new MemberName(refc, name, type, refKind), lookupClassOrNull(),
NoSuchFieldException.class);
}
MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, String name, MethodType type) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
checkSymbolicClass(refc); // do this before attempting to resolve
name.getClass(); // NPE
type.getClass(); // NPE
checkMethodName(refKind, name); // NPE check on name
return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, new MemberName(refc, name, type, refKind), lookupClassOrNull(),
NoSuchMethodException.class);
}
MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, MemberName member) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
checkSymbolicClass(member.getDeclaringClass()); // do this before attempting to resolve
member.getName().getClass(); // NPE
member.getType().getClass(); // NPE
return IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrFail(refKind, member, lookupClassOrNull(),
ReflectiveOperationException.class);
}
void checkSymbolicClass(Class<?> refc) throws IllegalAccessException {
refc.getClass(); // NPE
Class<?> caller = lookupClassOrNull();
if (caller != null && !VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible(refc, caller, allowedModes))
throw new MemberName(refc).makeAccessException("symbolic reference class is not public", this);
}
/** Check name for an illegal leading "&lt;" character. */
void checkMethodName(byte refKind, String name) throws NoSuchMethodException {
if (name.startsWith("<") && refKind != REF_newInvokeSpecial)
throw new NoSuchMethodException("illegal method name: "+name);
}
/**
* Find my trustable caller class if m is a caller sensitive method.
* If this lookup object has private access, then the caller class is the lookupClass.
* Otherwise, if m is caller-sensitive, throw IllegalAccessException.
*/
Class<?> findBoundCallerClass(MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
Class<?> callerClass = null;
if (MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(m)) {
// Only lookups with private access are allowed to resolve caller-sensitive methods
if (hasPrivateAccess()) {
callerClass = lookupClass;
} else {
throw new IllegalAccessException("Attempt to lookup caller-sensitive method using restricted lookup object");
}
}
return callerClass;
}
private boolean hasPrivateAccess() {
return (allowedModes & PRIVATE) != 0;
}
/**
* Perform necessary <a href="MethodHandles.Lookup.html#secmgr">access checks</a>.
* Determines a trustable caller class to compare with refc, the symbolic reference class.
* If this lookup object has private access, then the caller class is the lookupClass.
*/
void checkSecurityManager(Class<?> refc, MemberName m) {
SecurityManager smgr = System.getSecurityManager();
if (smgr == null) return;
if (allowedModes == TRUSTED) return;
// Step 1:
boolean fullPowerLookup = hasPrivateAccess();
if (!fullPowerLookup ||
!VerifyAccess.classLoaderIsAncestor(lookupClass, refc)) {
ReflectUtil.checkPackageAccess(refc);
}
// Step 2:
if (m.isPublic()) return;
if (!fullPowerLookup) {
smgr.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
}
// Step 3:
Class<?> defc = m.getDeclaringClass();
if (!fullPowerLookup && defc != refc) {
ReflectUtil.checkPackageAccess(defc);
}
}
void checkMethod(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
boolean wantStatic = (refKind == REF_invokeStatic);
String message;
if (m.isConstructor())
message = "expected a method, not a constructor";
else if (!m.isMethod())
message = "expected a method";
else if (wantStatic != m.isStatic())
message = wantStatic ? "expected a static method" : "expected a non-static method";
else
{ checkAccess(refKind, refc, m); return; }
throw m.makeAccessException(message, this);
}
void checkField(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
boolean wantStatic = !MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind);
String message;
if (wantStatic != m.isStatic())
message = wantStatic ? "expected a static field" : "expected a non-static field";
else
{ checkAccess(refKind, refc, m); return; }
throw m.makeAccessException(message, this);
}
/** Check public/protected/private bits on the symbolic reference class and its member. */
void checkAccess(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName m) throws IllegalAccessException {
assert(m.referenceKindIsConsistentWith(refKind) &&
MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsValid(refKind) &&
(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind) == m.isField()));
int allowedModes = this.allowedModes;
if (allowedModes == TRUSTED) return;
int mods = m.getModifiers();
if (Modifier.isProtected(mods) &&
refKind == REF_invokeVirtual &&
m.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class &&
m.getName().equals("clone") &&
refc.isArray()) {
// The JVM does this hack also.
// (See ClassVerifier::verify_invoke_instructions
// and LinkResolver::check_method_accessability.)
// Because the JVM does not allow separate methods on array types,
// there is no separate method for int[].clone.
// All arrays simply inherit Object.clone.
// But for access checking logic, we make Object.clone
// (normally protected) appear to be public.
// Later on, when the DirectMethodHandle is created,
// its leading argument will be restricted to the
// requested array type.
// N.B. The return type is not adjusted, because
// that is *not* the bytecode behavior.
mods ^= Modifier.PROTECTED | Modifier.PUBLIC;
}
if (Modifier.isProtected(mods) && refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
// cannot "new" a protected ctor in a different package
mods ^= Modifier.PROTECTED;
}
if (Modifier.isFinal(mods) &&
MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(refKind))
throw m.makeAccessException("unexpected set of a final field", this);
if (Modifier.isPublic(mods) && Modifier.isPublic(refc.getModifiers()) && allowedModes != 0)
return; // common case
int requestedModes = fixmods(mods); // adjust 0 => PACKAGE
if ((requestedModes & allowedModes) != 0) {
if (VerifyAccess.isMemberAccessible(refc, m.getDeclaringClass(),
mods, lookupClass(), allowedModes))
return;
} else {
// Protected members can also be checked as if they were package-private.
if ((requestedModes & PROTECTED) != 0 && (allowedModes & PACKAGE) != 0
&& VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(m.getDeclaringClass(), lookupClass()))
return;
}
throw m.makeAccessException(accessFailedMessage(refc, m), this);
}
String accessFailedMessage(Class<?> refc, MemberName m) {
Class<?> defc = m.getDeclaringClass();
int mods = m.getModifiers();
// check the class first:
boolean classOK = (Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers()) &&
(defc == refc ||
Modifier.isPublic(refc.getModifiers())));
if (!classOK && (allowedModes & PACKAGE) != 0) {
classOK = (VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible(defc, lookupClass(), ALL_MODES) &&
(defc == refc ||
VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible(refc, lookupClass(), ALL_MODES)));
}
if (!classOK)
return "class is not public";
if (Modifier.isPublic(mods))
return "access to public member failed"; // (how?)
if (Modifier.isPrivate(mods))
return "member is private";
if (Modifier.isProtected(mods))
return "member is protected";
return "member is private to package";
}
private static final boolean ALLOW_NESTMATE_ACCESS = false;
private void checkSpecialCaller(Class<?> specialCaller) throws IllegalAccessException {
int allowedModes = this.allowedModes;
if (allowedModes == TRUSTED) return;
if (!hasPrivateAccess()
|| (specialCaller != lookupClass()
&& !(ALLOW_NESTMATE_ACCESS &&
VerifyAccess.isSamePackageMember(specialCaller, lookupClass()))))
throw new MemberName(specialCaller).
makeAccessException("no private access for invokespecial", this);
}
private boolean restrictProtectedReceiver(MemberName method) {
// The accessing class only has the right to use a protected member
// on itself or a subclass. Enforce that restriction, from JVMS 5.4.4, etc.
if (!method.isProtected() || method.isStatic()
|| allowedModes == TRUSTED
|| method.getDeclaringClass() == lookupClass()
|| VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(method.getDeclaringClass(), lookupClass())
|| (ALLOW_NESTMATE_ACCESS &&
VerifyAccess.isSamePackageMember(method.getDeclaringClass(), lookupClass())))
return false;
return true;
}
private MethodHandle restrictReceiver(MemberName method, DirectMethodHandle mh, Class<?> caller) throws IllegalAccessException {
assert(!method.isStatic());
// receiver type of mh is too wide; narrow to caller
if (!method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(caller)) {
throw method.makeAccessException("caller class must be a subclass below the method", caller);
}
MethodType rawType = mh.type();
if (rawType.parameterType(0) == caller) return mh;
MethodType narrowType = rawType.changeParameterType(0, caller);
assert(!mh.isVarargsCollector()); // viewAsType will lose varargs-ness
assert(mh.viewAsTypeChecks(narrowType, true));
return mh.copyWith(narrowType, mh.form);
}
/** Check access and get the requested method. */
private MethodHandle getDirectMethod(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean doRestrict = true;
final boolean checkSecurity = true;
return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
}
/** Check access and get the requested method, eliding receiver narrowing rules. */
private MethodHandle getDirectMethodNoRestrict(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean doRestrict = false;
final boolean checkSecurity = true;
return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
}
/** Check access and get the requested method, eliding security manager checks. */
private MethodHandle getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean doRestrict = true;
final boolean checkSecurity = false; // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
return getDirectMethodCommon(refKind, refc, method, checkSecurity, doRestrict, callerClass);
}
/** Common code for all methods; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
private MethodHandle getDirectMethodCommon(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName method,
boolean checkSecurity,
boolean doRestrict, Class<?> callerClass) throws IllegalAccessException {
checkMethod(refKind, refc, method);
// Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
if (checkSecurity)
checkSecurityManager(refc, method);
assert(!method.isMethodHandleInvoke());
if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial &&
refc != lookupClass() &&
!refc.isInterface() &&
refc != lookupClass().getSuperclass() &&
refc.isAssignableFrom(lookupClass())) {
assert(!method.getName().equals("<init>")); // not this code path
// Per JVMS 6.5, desc. of invokespecial instruction:
// If the method is in a superclass of the LC,
// and if our original search was above LC.super,
// repeat the search (symbolic lookup) from LC.super
// and continue with the direct superclass of that class,
// and so forth, until a match is found or no further superclasses exist.
// FIXME: MemberName.resolve should handle this instead.
Class<?> refcAsSuper = lookupClass();
MemberName m2;
do {
refcAsSuper = refcAsSuper.getSuperclass();
m2 = new MemberName(refcAsSuper,
method.getName(),
method.getMethodType(),
REF_invokeSpecial);
m2 = IMPL_NAMES.resolveOrNull(refKind, m2, lookupClassOrNull());
} while (m2 == null && // no method is found yet
refc != refcAsSuper); // search up to refc
if (m2 == null) throw new InternalError(method.toString());
method = m2;
refc = refcAsSuper;
// redo basic checks
checkMethod(refKind, refc, method);
}
DirectMethodHandle dmh = DirectMethodHandle.make(refKind, refc, method);
MethodHandle mh = dmh;
// Optionally narrow the receiver argument to refc using restrictReceiver.
if (doRestrict &&
(refKind == REF_invokeSpecial ||
(MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind) &&
restrictProtectedReceiver(method)))) {
mh = restrictReceiver(method, dmh, lookupClass());
}
mh = maybeBindCaller(method, mh, callerClass);
mh = mh.setVarargs(method);
return mh;
}
private MethodHandle maybeBindCaller(MemberName method, MethodHandle mh,
Class<?> callerClass)
throws IllegalAccessException {
if (allowedModes == TRUSTED || !MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(method))
return mh;
Class<?> hostClass = lookupClass;
if (!hasPrivateAccess()) // caller must have private access
hostClass = callerClass; // callerClass came from a security manager style stack walk
MethodHandle cbmh = MethodHandleImpl.bindCaller(mh, hostClass);
// Note: caller will apply varargs after this step happens.
return cbmh;
}
/** Check access and get the requested field. */
private MethodHandle getDirectField(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean checkSecurity = true;
return getDirectFieldCommon(refKind, refc, field, checkSecurity);
}
/** Check access and get the requested field, eliding security manager checks. */
private MethodHandle getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean checkSecurity = false; // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
return getDirectFieldCommon(refKind, refc, field, checkSecurity);
}
/** Common code for all fields; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
private MethodHandle getDirectFieldCommon(byte refKind, Class<?> refc, MemberName field,
boolean checkSecurity) throws IllegalAccessException {
checkField(refKind, refc, field);
// Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
if (checkSecurity)
checkSecurityManager(refc, field);
DirectMethodHandle dmh = DirectMethodHandle.make(refc, field);
boolean doRestrict = (MethodHandleNatives.refKindHasReceiver(refKind) &&
restrictProtectedReceiver(field));
if (doRestrict)
return restrictReceiver(field, dmh, lookupClass());
return dmh;
}
/** Check access and get the requested constructor. */
private MethodHandle getDirectConstructor(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean checkSecurity = true;
return getDirectConstructorCommon(refc, ctor, checkSecurity);
}
/** Check access and get the requested constructor, eliding security manager checks. */
private MethodHandle getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor) throws IllegalAccessException {
final boolean checkSecurity = false; // not needed for reflection or for linking CONSTANT_MH constants
return getDirectConstructorCommon(refc, ctor, checkSecurity);
}
/** Common code for all constructors; do not call directly except from immediately above. */
private MethodHandle getDirectConstructorCommon(Class<?> refc, MemberName ctor,
boolean checkSecurity) throws IllegalAccessException {
assert(ctor.isConstructor());
checkAccess(REF_newInvokeSpecial, refc, ctor);
// Optionally check with the security manager; this isn't needed for unreflect* calls.
if (checkSecurity)
checkSecurityManager(refc, ctor);
assert(!MethodHandleNatives.isCallerSensitive(ctor)); // maybeBindCaller not relevant here
return DirectMethodHandle.make(ctor).setVarargs(ctor);
}
/** Hook called from the JVM (via MethodHandleNatives) to link MH constants:
*/
/*non-public*/
MethodHandle linkMethodHandleConstant(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, String name, Object type) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
if (!(type instanceof Class || type instanceof MethodType))
throw new InternalError("unresolved MemberName");
MemberName member = new MemberName(refKind, defc, name, type);
MethodHandle mh = LOOKASIDE_TABLE.get(member);
if (mh != null) {
checkSymbolicClass(defc);
return mh;
}
// Treat MethodHandle.invoke and invokeExact specially.
if (defc == MethodHandle.class && refKind == REF_invokeVirtual) {
mh = findVirtualForMH(member.getName(), member.getMethodType());
if (mh != null) {
return mh;
}
}
MemberName resolved = resolveOrFail(refKind, member);
mh = getDirectMethodForConstant(refKind, defc, resolved);
if (mh instanceof DirectMethodHandle
&& canBeCached(refKind, defc, resolved)) {
MemberName key = mh.internalMemberName();
if (key != null) {
key = key.asNormalOriginal();
}
if (member.equals(key)) { // better safe than sorry
LOOKASIDE_TABLE.put(key, (DirectMethodHandle) mh);
}
}
return mh;
}
private
boolean canBeCached(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, MemberName member) {
if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) {
return false;
}
if (!Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers()) ||
!Modifier.isPublic(member.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()) ||
!member.isPublic() ||
member.isCallerSensitive()) {
return false;
}
ClassLoader loader = defc.getClassLoader();
if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
ClassLoader sysl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
boolean found = false;
while (sysl != null) {
if (loader == sysl) { found = true; break; }
sysl = sysl.getParent();
}
if (!found) {
return false;
}
}
try {
MemberName resolved2 = publicLookup().resolveOrFail(refKind,
new MemberName(refKind, defc, member.getName(), member.getType()));
checkSecurityManager(defc, resolved2);
} catch (ReflectiveOperationException | SecurityException ex) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
private
MethodHandle getDirectMethodForConstant(byte refKind, Class<?> defc, MemberName member)
throws ReflectiveOperationException {
if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
return getDirectFieldNoSecurityManager(refKind, defc, member);
} else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
return getDirectMethodNoSecurityManager(refKind, defc, member, lookupClass);
} else if (refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
return getDirectConstructorNoSecurityManager(defc, member);
}
// oops
throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad MethodHandle constant #"+member);
}
static ConcurrentHashMap<MemberName, DirectMethodHandle> LOOKASIDE_TABLE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving read access to elements of an array.
* The type of the method handle will have a return type of the array's
* element type. Its first argument will be the array type,
* and the second will be {@code int}.
* @param arrayClass an array type
* @return a method handle which can load values from the given array type
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if arrayClass is not an array type
*/
public static
MethodHandle arrayElementGetter(Class<?> arrayClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
return MethodHandleImpl.makeArrayElementAccessor(arrayClass, false);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle giving write access to elements of an array.
* The type of the method handle will have a void return type.
* Its last argument will be the array's element type.
* The first and second arguments will be the array type and int.
* @param arrayClass the class of an array
* @return a method handle which can store values into the array type
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if arrayClass is not an array type
*/
public static
MethodHandle arrayElementSetter(Class<?> arrayClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
return MethodHandleImpl.makeArrayElementAccessor(arrayClass, true);
}
/// method handle invocation (reflective style)
/**
* Produces a method handle which will invoke any method handle of the
* given {@code type}, with a given number of trailing arguments replaced by
* a single trailing {@code Object[]} array.
* The resulting invoker will be a method handle with the following
* arguments:
* <ul>
* <li>a single {@code MethodHandle} target
* <li>zero or more leading values (counted by {@code leadingArgCount})
* <li>an {@code Object[]} array containing trailing arguments
* </ul>
* <p>
* The invoker will invoke its target like a call to {@link MethodHandle#invoke invoke} with
* the indicated {@code type}.
* That is, if the target is exactly of the given {@code type}, it will behave
* like {@code invokeExact}; otherwise it behave as if {@link MethodHandle#asType asType}
* is used to convert the target to the required {@code type}.
* <p>
* The type of the returned invoker will not be the given {@code type}, but rather
* will have all parameters except the first {@code leadingArgCount}
* replaced by a single array of type {@code Object[]}, which will be
* the final parameter.
* <p>
* Before invoking its target, the invoker will spread the final array, apply
* reference casts as necessary, and unbox and widen primitive arguments.
* If, when the invoker is called, the supplied array argument does
* not have the correct number of elements, the invoker will throw
* an {@link IllegalArgumentException} instead of invoking the target.
* <p>
* This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
MethodHandle invoker = MethodHandles.invoker(type);
int spreadArgCount = type.parameterCount() - leadingArgCount;
invoker = invoker.asSpreader(Object[].class, spreadArgCount);
return invoker;
* }</pre></blockquote>
* This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
* @param type the desired target type
* @param leadingArgCount number of fixed arguments, to be passed unchanged to the target
* @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle of the given type
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code type} is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code leadingArgCount} is not in
* the range from 0 to {@code type.parameterCount()} inclusive,
* or if the resulting method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
*/
static public
MethodHandle spreadInvoker(MethodType type, int leadingArgCount) {
if (leadingArgCount < 0 || leadingArgCount > type.parameterCount())
throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad argument count", leadingArgCount);
type = type.asSpreaderType(Object[].class, type.parameterCount() - leadingArgCount);
return type.invokers().spreadInvoker(leadingArgCount);
}
/**
* Produces a special <em>invoker method handle</em> which can be used to
* invoke any method handle of the given type, as if by {@link MethodHandle#invokeExact invokeExact}.
* The resulting invoker will have a type which is
* exactly equal to the desired type, except that it will accept
* an additional leading argument of type {@code MethodHandle}.
* <p>
* This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
* {@code publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invokeExact", type)}
*
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* Invoker method handles can be useful when working with variable method handles
* of unknown types.
* For example, to emulate an {@code invokeExact} call to a variable method
* handle {@code M}, extract its type {@code T},
* look up the invoker method {@code X} for {@code T},
* and call the invoker method, as {@code X.invoke(T, A...)}.
* (It would not work to call {@code X.invokeExact}, since the type {@code T}
* is unknown.)
* If spreading, collecting, or other argument transformations are required,
* they can be applied once to the invoker {@code X} and reused on many {@code M}
* method handle values, as long as they are compatible with the type of {@code X}.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>(Note: The invoker method is not available via the Core Reflection API.
* An attempt to call {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke}
* on the declared {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke} method will raise an
* {@link java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException UnsupportedOperationException}.)</em>
* <p>
* This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
* @param type the desired target type
* @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle of the given type
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the resulting method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
*/
static public
MethodHandle exactInvoker(MethodType type) {
return type.invokers().exactInvoker();
}
/**
* Produces a special <em>invoker method handle</em> which can be used to
* invoke any method handle compatible with the given type, as if by {@link MethodHandle#invoke invoke}.
* The resulting invoker will have a type which is
* exactly equal to the desired type, except that it will accept
* an additional leading argument of type {@code MethodHandle}.
* <p>
* Before invoking its target, if the target differs from the expected type,
* the invoker will apply reference casts as
* necessary and box, unbox, or widen primitive values, as if by {@link MethodHandle#asType asType}.
* Similarly, the return value will be converted as necessary.
* If the target is a {@linkplain MethodHandle#asVarargsCollector variable arity method handle},
* the required arity conversion will be made, again as if by {@link MethodHandle#asType asType}.
* <p>
* This method is equivalent to the following code (though it may be more efficient):
* {@code publicLookup().findVirtual(MethodHandle.class, "invoke", type)}
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>Discussion:</em>
* A {@linkplain MethodType#genericMethodType general method type} is one which
* mentions only {@code Object} arguments and return values.
* An invoker for such a type is capable of calling any method handle
* of the same arity as the general type.
* <p style="font-size:smaller;">
* <em>(Note: The invoker method is not available via the Core Reflection API.
* An attempt to call {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke}
* on the declared {@code invokeExact} or {@code invoke} method will raise an
* {@link java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException UnsupportedOperationException}.)</em>
* <p>
* This method throws no reflective or security exceptions.
* @param type the desired target type
* @return a method handle suitable for invoking any method handle convertible to the given type
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the resulting method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
*/
static public
MethodHandle invoker(MethodType type) {
return type.invokers().genericInvoker();
}
static /*non-public*/
MethodHandle basicInvoker(MethodType type) {
return type.invokers().basicInvoker();
}
/// method handle modification (creation from other method handles)
/**
* Produces a method handle which adapts the type of the
* given method handle to a new type by pairwise argument and return type conversion.
* The original type and new type must have the same number of arguments.
* The resulting method handle is guaranteed to report a type
* which is equal to the desired new type.
* <p>
* If the original type and new type are equal, returns target.
* <p>
* The same conversions are allowed as for {@link MethodHandle#asType MethodHandle.asType},
* and some additional conversions are also applied if those conversions fail.
* Given types <em>T0</em>, <em>T1</em>, one of the following conversions is applied
* if possible, before or instead of any conversions done by {@code asType}:
* <ul>
* <li>If <em>T0</em> and <em>T1</em> are references, and <em>T1</em> is an interface type,
* then the value of type <em>T0</em> is passed as a <em>T1</em> without a cast.
* (This treatment of interfaces follows the usage of the bytecode verifier.)
* <li>If <em>T0</em> is boolean and <em>T1</em> is another primitive,
* the boolean is converted to a byte value, 1 for true, 0 for false.
* (This treatment follows the usage of the bytecode verifier.)
* <li>If <em>T1</em> is boolean and <em>T0</em> is another primitive,
* <em>T0</em> is converted to byte via Java casting conversion (JLS 5.5),
* and the low order bit of the result is tested, as if by {@code (x & 1) != 0}.
* <li>If <em>T0</em> and <em>T1</em> are primitives other than boolean,
* then a Java casting conversion (JLS 5.5) is applied.
* (Specifically, <em>T0</em> will convert to <em>T1</em> by
* widening and/or narrowing.)
* <li>If <em>T0</em> is a reference and <em>T1</em> a primitive, an unboxing
* conversion will be applied at runtime, possibly followed
* by a Java casting conversion (JLS 5.5) on the primitive value,
* possibly followed by a conversion from byte to boolean by testing
* the low-order bit.
* <li>If <em>T0</em> is a reference and <em>T1</em> a primitive,
* and if the reference is null at runtime, a zero value is introduced.
* </ul>
* @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are retyped
* @param newType the expected type of the new method handle
* @return a method handle which delegates to the target after performing
* any necessary argument conversions, and arranges for any
* necessary return value conversions
* @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
* @throws WrongMethodTypeException if the conversion cannot be made
* @see MethodHandle#asType
*/
public static
MethodHandle explicitCastArguments(MethodHandle target, MethodType newType) {
explicitCastArgumentsChecks(target, newType);
// use the asTypeCache when possible:
MethodType oldType = target.type();
if (oldType == newType) return target;
if (oldType.explicitCastEquivalentToAsType(newType)) {
return target.asFixedArity().asType(newType);
}
return MethodHandleImpl.makePairwiseConvert(target, newType, false);
}
private static void explicitCastArgumentsChecks(MethodHandle target, MethodType newType) {
if (target.type().parameterCount() != newType.parameterCount()) {
throw new WrongMethodTypeException("cannot explicitly cast " + target + " to " + newType);
}
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which adapts the calling sequence of the
* given method handle to a new type, by reordering the arguments.
* The resulting method handle is guaranteed to report a type
* which is equal to the desired new type.
* <p>
* The given array controls the reordering.
* Call {@code #I} the number of incoming parameters (the value
* {@code newType.parameterCount()}, and call {@code #O} the number
* of outgoing parameters (the value {@code target.type().parameterCount()}).
* Then the length of the reordering array must be {@code #O},
* and each element must be a non-negative number less than {@code #I}.
* For every {@code N} less than {@code #O}, the {@code N}-th
* outgoing argument will be taken from the {@code I}-th incoming
* argument, where {@code I} is {@code reorder[N]}.
* <p>
* No argument or return value conversions are applied.
* The type of each incoming argument, as determined by {@code newType},
* must be identical to the type of the corresponding outgoing parameter
* or parameters in the target method handle.
* The return type of {@code newType} must be identical to the return
* type of the original target.
* <p>
* The reordering array need not specify an actual permutation.
* An incoming argument will be duplicated if its index appears
* more than once in the array, and an incoming argument will be dropped
* if its index does not appear in the array.
* As in the case of {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,List) dropArguments},
* incoming arguments which are not mentioned in the reordering array
* are may be any type, as determined only by {@code newType}.
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodType intfn1 = methodType(int.class, int.class);
MethodType intfn2 = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
MethodHandle sub = ... (int x, int y) -> (x-y) ...;
assert(sub.type().equals(intfn2));
MethodHandle sub1 = permuteArguments(sub, intfn2, 0, 1);
MethodHandle rsub = permuteArguments(sub, intfn2, 1, 0);
assert((int)rsub.invokeExact(1, 100) == 99);
MethodHandle add = ... (int x, int y) -> (x+y) ...;
assert(add.type().equals(intfn2));
MethodHandle twice = permuteArguments(add, intfn1, 0, 0);
assert(twice.type().equals(intfn1));
assert((int)twice.invokeExact(21) == 42);
* }</pre></blockquote>
* @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are reordered
* @param newType the expected type of the new method handle
* @param reorder an index array which controls the reordering
* @return a method handle which delegates to the target after it
* drops unused arguments and moves and/or duplicates the other arguments
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the index array length is not equal to
* the arity of the target, or if any index array element
* not a valid index for a parameter of {@code newType},
* or if two corresponding parameter types in
* {@code target.type()} and {@code newType} are not identical,
*/
public static
MethodHandle permuteArguments(MethodHandle target, MethodType newType, int... reorder) {
reorder = reorder.clone(); // get a private copy
MethodType oldType = target.type();
permuteArgumentChecks(reorder, newType, oldType);
// first detect dropped arguments and handle them separately
int[] originalReorder = reorder;
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
LambdaForm form = result.form;
int newArity = newType.parameterCount();
// Normalize the reordering into a real permutation,
// by removing duplicates and adding dropped elements.
// This somewhat improves lambda form caching, as well
// as simplifying the transform by breaking it up into steps.
for (int ddIdx; (ddIdx = findFirstDupOrDrop(reorder, newArity)) != 0; ) {
if (ddIdx > 0) {
// We found a duplicated entry at reorder[ddIdx].
// Example: (x,y,z)->asList(x,y,z)
// permuted by [1*,0,1] => (a0,a1)=>asList(a1,a0,a1)
// permuted by [0,1,0*] => (a0,a1)=>asList(a0,a1,a0)
// The starred element corresponds to the argument
// deleted by the dupArgumentForm transform.
int srcPos = ddIdx, dstPos = srcPos, dupVal = reorder[srcPos];
boolean killFirst = false;
for (int val; (val = reorder[--dstPos]) != dupVal; ) {
// Set killFirst if the dup is larger than an intervening position.
// This will remove at least one inversion from the permutation.
if (dupVal > val) killFirst = true;
}
if (!killFirst) {
srcPos = dstPos;
dstPos = ddIdx;
}
form = form.editor().dupArgumentForm(1 + srcPos, 1 + dstPos);
assert (reorder[srcPos] == reorder[dstPos]);
oldType = oldType.dropParameterTypes(dstPos, dstPos + 1);
// contract the reordering by removing the element at dstPos
int tailPos = dstPos + 1;
System.arraycopy(reorder, tailPos, reorder, dstPos, reorder.length - tailPos);
reorder = Arrays.copyOf(reorder, reorder.length - 1);
} else {
int dropVal = ~ddIdx, insPos = 0;
while (insPos < reorder.length && reorder[insPos] < dropVal) {
// Find first element of reorder larger than dropVal.
// This is where we will insert the dropVal.
insPos += 1;
}
Class<?> ptype = newType.parameterType(dropVal);
form = form.editor().addArgumentForm(1 + insPos, BasicType.basicType(ptype));
oldType = oldType.insertParameterTypes(insPos, ptype);
// expand the reordering by inserting an element at insPos
int tailPos = insPos + 1;
reorder = Arrays.copyOf(reorder, reorder.length + 1);
System.arraycopy(reorder, insPos, reorder, tailPos, reorder.length - tailPos);
reorder[insPos] = dropVal;
}
assert (permuteArgumentChecks(reorder, newType, oldType));
}
assert (reorder.length == newArity); // a perfect permutation
// Note: This may cache too many distinct LFs. Consider backing off to varargs code.
form = form.editor().permuteArgumentsForm(1, reorder);
if (newType == result.type() && form == result.internalForm())
return result;
return result.copyWith(newType, form);
}
/**
* Return an indication of any duplicate or omission in reorder.
* If the reorder contains a duplicate entry, return the index of the second occurrence.
* Otherwise, return ~(n), for the first n in [0..newArity-1] that is not present in reorder.
* Otherwise, return zero.
* If an element not in [0..newArity-1] is encountered, return reorder.length.
*/
private static int findFirstDupOrDrop(int[] reorder, int newArity) {
final int BIT_LIMIT = 63; // max number of bits in bit mask
if (newArity < BIT_LIMIT) {
long mask = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < reorder.length; i++) {
int arg = reorder[i];
if (arg >= newArity) {
return reorder.length;
}
long bit = 1L << arg;
if ((mask & bit) != 0) {
return i; // >0 indicates a dup
}
mask |= bit;
}
if (mask == (1L << newArity) - 1) {
assert(Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(Long.lowestOneBit(~mask)) == newArity);
return 0;
}
// find first zero
long zeroBit = Long.lowestOneBit(~mask);
int zeroPos = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(zeroBit);
assert(zeroPos <= newArity);
if (zeroPos == newArity) {
return 0;
}
return ~zeroPos;
} else {
// same algorithm, different bit set
BitSet mask = new BitSet(newArity);
for (int i = 0; i < reorder.length; i++) {
int arg = reorder[i];
if (arg >= newArity) {
return reorder.length;
}
if (mask.get(arg)) {
return i; // >0 indicates a dup
}
mask.set(arg);
}
int zeroPos = mask.nextClearBit(0);
assert(zeroPos <= newArity);
if (zeroPos == newArity) {
return 0;
}
return ~zeroPos;
}
}
private static boolean permuteArgumentChecks(int[] reorder, MethodType newType, MethodType oldType) {
if (newType.returnType() != oldType.returnType())
throw newIllegalArgumentException("return types do not match",
oldType, newType);
if (reorder.length == oldType.parameterCount()) {
int limit = newType.parameterCount();
boolean bad = false;
for (int j = 0; j < reorder.length; j++) {
int i = reorder[j];
if (i < 0 || i >= limit) {
bad = true; break;
}
Class<?> src = newType.parameterType(i);
Class<?> dst = oldType.parameterType(j);
if (src != dst)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("parameter types do not match after reorder",
oldType, newType);
}
if (!bad) return true;
}
throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad reorder array: "+Arrays.toString(reorder));
}
/**
* Produces a method handle of the requested return type which returns the given
* constant value every time it is invoked.
* <p>
* Before the method handle is returned, the passed-in value is converted to the requested type.
* If the requested type is primitive, widening primitive conversions are attempted,
* else reference conversions are attempted.
* <p>The returned method handle is equivalent to {@code identity(type).bindTo(value)}.
* @param type the return type of the desired method handle
* @param value the value to return
* @return a method handle of the given return type and no arguments, which always returns the given value
* @throws NullPointerException if the {@code type} argument is null
* @throws ClassCastException if the value cannot be converted to the required return type
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given type is {@code void.class}
*/
public static
MethodHandle constant(Class<?> type, Object value) {
if (type.isPrimitive()) {
if (type == void.class)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("void type");
Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(type);
value = w.convert(value, type);
if (w.zero().equals(value))
return zero(w, type);
return insertArguments(identity(type), 0, value);
} else {
if (value == null)
return zero(Wrapper.OBJECT, type);
return identity(type).bindTo(value);
}
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which returns its sole argument when invoked.
* @param type the type of the sole parameter and return value of the desired method handle
* @return a unary method handle which accepts and returns the given type
* @throws NullPointerException if the argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given type is {@code void.class}
*/
public static
MethodHandle identity(Class<?> type) {
Wrapper btw = (type.isPrimitive() ? Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(type) : Wrapper.OBJECT);
int pos = btw.ordinal();
MethodHandle ident = IDENTITY_MHS[pos];
if (ident == null) {
ident = setCachedMethodHandle(IDENTITY_MHS, pos, makeIdentity(btw.primitiveType()));
}
if (ident.type().returnType() == type)
return ident;
// something like identity(Foo.class); do not bother to intern these
assert(btw == Wrapper.OBJECT);
return makeIdentity(type);
}
private static final MethodHandle[] IDENTITY_MHS = new MethodHandle[Wrapper.values().length];
private static MethodHandle makeIdentity(Class<?> ptype) {
MethodType mtype = MethodType.methodType(ptype, ptype);
LambdaForm lform = LambdaForm.identityForm(BasicType.basicType(ptype));
return MethodHandleImpl.makeIntrinsic(mtype, lform, Intrinsic.IDENTITY);
}
private static MethodHandle zero(Wrapper btw, Class<?> rtype) {
int pos = btw.ordinal();
MethodHandle zero = ZERO_MHS[pos];
if (zero == null) {
zero = setCachedMethodHandle(ZERO_MHS, pos, makeZero(btw.primitiveType()));
}
if (zero.type().returnType() == rtype)
return zero;
assert(btw == Wrapper.OBJECT);
return makeZero(rtype);
}
private static final MethodHandle[] ZERO_MHS = new MethodHandle[Wrapper.values().length];
private static MethodHandle makeZero(Class<?> rtype) {
MethodType mtype = MethodType.methodType(rtype);
LambdaForm lform = LambdaForm.zeroForm(BasicType.basicType(rtype));
return MethodHandleImpl.makeIntrinsic(mtype, lform, Intrinsic.ZERO);
}
synchronized private static MethodHandle setCachedMethodHandle(MethodHandle[] cache, int pos, MethodHandle value) {
// Simulate a CAS, to avoid racy duplication of results.
MethodHandle prev = cache[pos];
if (prev != null) return prev;
return cache[pos] = value;
}
/**
* Provides a target method handle with one or more <em>bound arguments</em>
* in advance of the method handle's invocation.
* The formal parameters to the target corresponding to the bound
* arguments are called <em>bound parameters</em>.
* Returns a new method handle which saves away the bound arguments.
* When it is invoked, it receives arguments for any non-bound parameters,
* binds the saved arguments to their corresponding parameters,
* and calls the original target.
* <p>
* The type of the new method handle will drop the types for the bound
* parameters from the original target type, since the new method handle
* will no longer require those arguments to be supplied by its callers.
* <p>
* Each given argument object must match the corresponding bound parameter type.
* If a bound parameter type is a primitive, the argument object
* must be a wrapper, and will be unboxed to produce the primitive value.
* <p>
* The {@code pos} argument selects which parameters are to be bound.
* It may range between zero and <i>N-L</i> (inclusively),
* where <i>N</i> is the arity of the target method handle
* and <i>L</i> is the length of the values array.
* @param target the method handle to invoke after the argument is inserted
* @param pos where to insert the argument (zero for the first)
* @param values the series of arguments to insert
* @return a method handle which inserts an additional argument,
* before calling the original method handle
* @throws NullPointerException if the target or the {@code values} array is null
* @see MethodHandle#bindTo
*/
public static
MethodHandle insertArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, Object... values) {
int insCount = values.length;
Class<?>[] ptypes = insertArgumentsChecks(target, insCount, pos);
if (insCount == 0) return target;
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
for (int i = 0; i < insCount; i++) {
Object value = values[i];
Class<?> ptype = ptypes[pos+i];
if (ptype.isPrimitive()) {
result = insertArgumentPrimitive(result, pos, ptype, value);
} else {
value = ptype.cast(value); // throw CCE if needed
result = result.bindArgumentL(pos, value);
}
}
return result;
}
private static BoundMethodHandle insertArgumentPrimitive(BoundMethodHandle result, int pos,
Class<?> ptype, Object value) {
Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(ptype);
// perform unboxing and/or primitive conversion
value = w.convert(value, ptype);
switch (w) {
case INT: return result.bindArgumentI(pos, (int)value);
case LONG: return result.bindArgumentJ(pos, (long)value);
case FLOAT: return result.bindArgumentF(pos, (float)value);
case DOUBLE: return result.bindArgumentD(pos, (double)value);
default: return result.bindArgumentI(pos, ValueConversions.widenSubword(value));
}
}
private static Class<?>[] insertArgumentsChecks(MethodHandle target, int insCount, int pos) throws RuntimeException {
MethodType oldType = target.type();
int outargs = oldType.parameterCount();
int inargs = outargs - insCount;
if (inargs < 0)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("too many values to insert");
if (pos < 0 || pos > inargs)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("no argument type to append");
return oldType.ptypes();
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which will discard some dummy arguments
* before calling some other specified <i>target</i> method handle.
* The type of the new method handle will be the same as the target's type,
* except it will also include the dummy argument types,
* at some given position.
* <p>
* The {@code pos} argument may range between zero and <i>N</i>,
* where <i>N</i> is the arity of the target.
* If {@code pos} is zero, the dummy arguments will precede
* the target's real arguments; if {@code pos} is <i>N</i>
* they will come after.
* <p>
* <b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
MethodType bigType = cat.type().insertParameterTypes(0, int.class, String.class);
MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, bigType.parameterList().subList(0,2));
assertEquals(bigType, d0.type());
assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact(123, "x", "y", "z"));
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p>
* This method is also equivalent to the following code:
* <blockquote><pre>
* {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,Class...) dropArguments}{@code (target, pos, valueTypes.toArray(new Class[0]))}
* </pre></blockquote>
* @param target the method handle to invoke after the arguments are dropped
* @param valueTypes the type(s) of the argument(s) to drop
* @param pos position of first argument to drop (zero for the leftmost)
* @return a method handle which drops arguments of the given types,
* before calling the original method handle
* @throws NullPointerException if the target is null,
* or if the {@code valueTypes} list or any of its elements is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if any element of {@code valueTypes} is {@code void.class},
* or if {@code pos} is negative or greater than the arity of the target,
* or if the new method handle's type would have too many parameters
*/
public static
MethodHandle dropArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, List<Class<?>> valueTypes) {
valueTypes = copyTypes(valueTypes);
MethodType oldType = target.type(); // get NPE
int dropped = dropArgumentChecks(oldType, pos, valueTypes);
MethodType newType = oldType.insertParameterTypes(pos, valueTypes);
if (dropped == 0) return target;
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
LambdaForm lform = result.form;
int insertFormArg = 1 + pos;
for (Class<?> ptype : valueTypes) {
lform = lform.editor().addArgumentForm(insertFormArg++, BasicType.basicType(ptype));
}
result = result.copyWith(newType, lform);
return result;
}
private static List<Class<?>> copyTypes(List<Class<?>> types) {
Object[] a = types.toArray();
return Arrays.asList(Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, Class[].class));
}
private static int dropArgumentChecks(MethodType oldType, int pos, List<Class<?>> valueTypes) {
int dropped = valueTypes.size();
MethodType.checkSlotCount(dropped);
int outargs = oldType.parameterCount();
int inargs = outargs + dropped;
if (pos < 0 || pos > outargs)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("no argument type to remove"
+ Arrays.asList(oldType, pos, valueTypes, inargs, outargs)
);
return dropped;
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which will discard some dummy arguments
* before calling some other specified <i>target</i> method handle.
* The type of the new method handle will be the same as the target's type,
* except it will also include the dummy argument types,
* at some given position.
* <p>
* The {@code pos} argument may range between zero and <i>N</i>,
* where <i>N</i> is the arity of the target.
* If {@code pos} is zero, the dummy arguments will precede
* the target's real arguments; if {@code pos} is <i>N</i>
* they will come after.
* <p>
* <b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, String.class);
assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
MethodHandle d1 = dropArguments(cat, 1, String.class);
assertEquals("xz", (String) d1.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
MethodHandle d2 = dropArguments(cat, 2, String.class);
assertEquals("xy", (String) d2.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
MethodHandle d12 = dropArguments(cat, 1, int.class, boolean.class);
assertEquals("xz", (String) d12.invokeExact("x", 12, true, "z"));
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p>
* This method is also equivalent to the following code:
* <blockquote><pre>
* {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,List) dropArguments}{@code (target, pos, Arrays.asList(valueTypes))}
* </pre></blockquote>
* @param target the method handle to invoke after the arguments are dropped
* @param valueTypes the type(s) of the argument(s) to drop
* @param pos position of first argument to drop (zero for the leftmost)
* @return a method handle which drops arguments of the given types,
* before calling the original method handle
* @throws NullPointerException if the target is null,
* or if the {@code valueTypes} array or any of its elements is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if any element of {@code valueTypes} is {@code void.class},
* or if {@code pos} is negative or greater than the arity of the target,
* or if the new method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
*/
public static
MethodHandle dropArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, Class<?>... valueTypes) {
return dropArguments(target, pos, Arrays.asList(valueTypes));
}
/**
* Adapts a target method handle by pre-processing
* one or more of its arguments, each with its own unary filter function,
* and then calling the target with each pre-processed argument
* replaced by the result of its corresponding filter function.
* <p>
* The pre-processing is performed by one or more method handles,
* specified in the elements of the {@code filters} array.
* The first element of the filter array corresponds to the {@code pos}
* argument of the target, and so on in sequence.
* <p>
* Null arguments in the array are treated as identity functions,
* and the corresponding arguments left unchanged.
* (If there are no non-null elements in the array, the original target is returned.)
* Each filter is applied to the corresponding argument of the adapter.
* <p>
* If a filter {@code F} applies to the {@code N}th argument of
* the target, then {@code F} must be a method handle which
* takes exactly one argument. The type of {@code F}'s sole argument
* replaces the corresponding argument type of the target
* in the resulting adapted method handle.
* The return type of {@code F} must be identical to the corresponding
* parameter type of the target.
* <p>
* It is an error if there are elements of {@code filters}
* (null or not)
* which do not correspond to argument positions in the target.
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
MethodHandle upcase = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"toUpperCase", methodType(String.class));
assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
MethodHandle f0 = filterArguments(cat, 0, upcase);
assertEquals("Xy", (String) f0.invokeExact("x", "y")); // Xy
MethodHandle f1 = filterArguments(cat, 1, upcase);
assertEquals("xY", (String) f1.invokeExact("x", "y")); // xY
MethodHandle f2 = filterArguments(cat, 0, upcase, upcase);
assertEquals("XY", (String) f2.invokeExact("x", "y")); // XY
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* V target(P... p, A[i]... a[i], B... b);
* A[i] filter[i](V[i]);
* T adapter(P... p, V[i]... v[i], B... b) {
* return target(p..., f[i](v[i])..., b...);
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
*
* @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are filtered
* @param pos the position of the first argument to filter
* @param filters method handles to call initially on filtered arguments
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified argument filtering logic
* @throws NullPointerException if the target is null
* or if the {@code filters} array is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if a non-null element of {@code filters}
* does not match a corresponding argument type of target as described above,
* or if the {@code pos+filters.length} is greater than {@code target.type().parameterCount()},
* or if the resulting method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
*/
public static
MethodHandle filterArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle... filters) {
filterArgumentsCheckArity(target, pos, filters);
MethodHandle adapter = target;
int curPos = pos-1; // pre-incremented
for (MethodHandle filter : filters) {
curPos += 1;
if (filter == null) continue; // ignore null elements of filters
adapter = filterArgument(adapter, curPos, filter);
}
return adapter;
}
/*non-public*/ static
MethodHandle filterArgument(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle filter) {
filterArgumentChecks(target, pos, filter);
MethodType targetType = target.type();
MethodType filterType = filter.type();
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
Class<?> newParamType = filterType.parameterType(0);
LambdaForm lform = result.editor().filterArgumentForm(1 + pos, BasicType.basicType(newParamType));
MethodType newType = targetType.changeParameterType(pos, newParamType);
result = result.copyWithExtendL(newType, lform, filter);
return result;
}
private static void filterArgumentsCheckArity(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle[] filters) {
MethodType targetType = target.type();
int maxPos = targetType.parameterCount();
if (pos + filters.length > maxPos)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("too many filters");
}
private static void filterArgumentChecks(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle filter) throws RuntimeException {
MethodType targetType = target.type();
MethodType filterType = filter.type();
if (filterType.parameterCount() != 1
|| filterType.returnType() != targetType.parameterType(pos))
throw newIllegalArgumentException("target and filter types do not match", targetType, filterType);
}
/**
* Adapts a target method handle by pre-processing
* a sub-sequence of its arguments with a filter (another method handle).
* The pre-processed arguments are replaced by the result (if any) of the
* filter function.
* The target is then called on the modified (usually shortened) argument list.
* <p>
* If the filter returns a value, the target must accept that value as
* its argument in position {@code pos}, preceded and/or followed by
* any arguments not passed to the filter.
* If the filter returns void, the target must accept all arguments
* not passed to the filter.
* No arguments are reordered, and a result returned from the filter
* replaces (in order) the whole subsequence of arguments originally
* passed to the adapter.
* <p>
* The argument types (if any) of the filter
* replace zero or one argument types of the target, at position {@code pos},
* in the resulting adapted method handle.
* The return type of the filter (if any) must be identical to the
* argument type of the target at position {@code pos}, and that target argument
* is supplied by the return value of the filter.
* <p>
* In all cases, {@code pos} must be greater than or equal to zero, and
* {@code pos} must also be less than or equal to the target's arity.
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle deepToString = publicLookup()
.findStatic(Arrays.class, "deepToString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
MethodHandle ts1 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 1);
assertEquals("[strange]", (String) ts1.invokeExact("strange"));
MethodHandle ts2 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 2);
assertEquals("[up, down]", (String) ts2.invokeExact("up", "down"));
MethodHandle ts3 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 3);
MethodHandle ts3_ts2 = collectArguments(ts3, 1, ts2);
assertEquals("[top, [up, down], strange]",
(String) ts3_ts2.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts1 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 3, ts1);
assertEquals("[top, [up, down], [strange]]",
(String) ts3_ts2_ts1.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts3 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 1, ts3);
assertEquals("[top, [[up, down, strange], charm], bottom]",
(String) ts3_ts2_ts3.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange", "charm", "bottom"));
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* T target(A...,V,C...);
* V filter(B...);
* T adapter(A... a,B... b,C... c) {
* V v = filter(b...);
* return target(a...,v,c...);
* }
* // and if the filter has no arguments:
* T target2(A...,V,C...);
* V filter2();
* T adapter2(A... a,C... c) {
* V v = filter2();
* return target2(a...,v,c...);
* }
* // and if the filter has a void return:
* T target3(A...,C...);
* void filter3(B...);
* void adapter3(A... a,B... b,C... c) {
* filter3(b...);
* return target3(a...,c...);
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p>
* A collection adapter {@code collectArguments(mh, 0, coll)} is equivalent to
* one which first "folds" the affected arguments, and then drops them, in separate
* steps as follows:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, 1, coll.type().parameterList()); //step 2
* mh = MethodHandles.foldArguments(mh, coll); //step 1
* }</pre></blockquote>
* If the target method handle consumes no arguments besides than the result
* (if any) of the filter {@code coll}, then {@code collectArguments(mh, 0, coll)}
* is equivalent to {@code filterReturnValue(coll, mh)}.
* If the filter method handle {@code coll} consumes one argument and produces
* a non-void result, then {@code collectArguments(mh, N, coll)}
* is equivalent to {@code filterArguments(mh, N, coll)}.
* Other equivalences are possible but would require argument permutation.
*
* @param target the method handle to invoke after filtering the subsequence of arguments
* @param pos the position of the first adapter argument to pass to the filter,
* and/or the target argument which receives the result of the filter
* @param filter method handle to call on the subsequence of arguments
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified argument subsequence filtering logic
* @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the return type of {@code filter}
* is non-void and is not the same as the {@code pos} argument of the target,
* or if {@code pos} is not between 0 and the target's arity, inclusive,
* or if the resulting method handle's type would have
* <a href="MethodHandle.html#maxarity">too many parameters</a>
* @see MethodHandles#foldArguments
* @see MethodHandles#filterArguments
* @see MethodHandles#filterReturnValue
*/
public static
MethodHandle collectArguments(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle filter) {
MethodType newType = collectArgumentsChecks(target, pos, filter);
MethodType collectorType = filter.type();
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
LambdaForm lform;
if (collectorType.returnType().isArray() && filter.intrinsicName() == Intrinsic.NEW_ARRAY) {
lform = result.editor().collectArgumentArrayForm(1 + pos, filter);
if (lform != null) {
return result.copyWith(newType, lform);
}
}
lform = result.editor().collectArgumentsForm(1 + pos, collectorType.basicType());
return result.copyWithExtendL(newType, lform, filter);
}
private static MethodType collectArgumentsChecks(MethodHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle filter) throws RuntimeException {
MethodType targetType = target.type();
MethodType filterType = filter.type();
Class<?> rtype = filterType.returnType();
List<Class<?>> filterArgs = filterType.parameterList();
if (rtype == void.class) {
return targetType.insertParameterTypes(pos, filterArgs);
}
if (rtype != targetType.parameterType(pos)) {
throw newIllegalArgumentException("target and filter types do not match", targetType, filterType);
}
return targetType.dropParameterTypes(pos, pos+1).insertParameterTypes(pos, filterArgs);
}
/**
* Adapts a target method handle by post-processing
* its return value (if any) with a filter (another method handle).
* The result of the filter is returned from the adapter.
* <p>
* If the target returns a value, the filter must accept that value as
* its only argument.
* If the target returns void, the filter must accept no arguments.
* <p>
* The return type of the filter
* replaces the return type of the target
* in the resulting adapted method handle.
* The argument type of the filter (if any) must be identical to the
* return type of the target.
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
MethodHandle length = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"length", methodType(int.class));
System.out.println((String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y")); // xy
MethodHandle f0 = filterReturnValue(cat, length);
System.out.println((int) f0.invokeExact("x", "y")); // 2
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* V target(A...);
* T filter(V);
* T adapter(A... a) {
* V v = target(a...);
* return filter(v);
* }
* // and if the target has a void return:
* void target2(A...);
* T filter2();
* T adapter2(A... a) {
* target2(a...);
* return filter2();
* }
* // and if the filter has a void return:
* V target3(A...);
* void filter3(V);
* void adapter3(A... a) {
* V v = target3(a...);
* filter3(v);
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
* @param target the method handle to invoke before filtering the return value
* @param filter method handle to call on the return value
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified return value filtering logic
* @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument list of {@code filter}
* does not match the return type of target as described above
*/
public static
MethodHandle filterReturnValue(MethodHandle target, MethodHandle filter) {
MethodType targetType = target.type();
MethodType filterType = filter.type();
filterReturnValueChecks(targetType, filterType);
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
BasicType rtype = BasicType.basicType(filterType.returnType());
LambdaForm lform = result.editor().filterReturnForm(rtype, false);
MethodType newType = targetType.changeReturnType(filterType.returnType());
result = result.copyWithExtendL(newType, lform, filter);
return result;
}
private static void filterReturnValueChecks(MethodType targetType, MethodType filterType) throws RuntimeException {
Class<?> rtype = targetType.returnType();
int filterValues = filterType.parameterCount();
if (filterValues == 0
? (rtype != void.class)
: (rtype != filterType.parameterType(0) || filterValues != 1))
throw newIllegalArgumentException("target and filter types do not match", targetType, filterType);
}
/**
* Adapts a target method handle by pre-processing
* some of its arguments, and then calling the target with
* the result of the pre-processing, inserted into the original
* sequence of arguments.
* <p>
* The pre-processing is performed by {@code combiner}, a second method handle.
* Of the arguments passed to the adapter, the first {@code N} arguments
* are copied to the combiner, which is then called.
* (Here, {@code N} is defined as the parameter count of the combiner.)
* After this, control passes to the target, with any result
* from the combiner inserted before the original {@code N} incoming
* arguments.
* <p>
* If the combiner returns a value, the first parameter type of the target
* must be identical with the return type of the combiner, and the next
* {@code N} parameter types of the target must exactly match the parameters
* of the combiner.
* <p>
* If the combiner has a void return, no result will be inserted,
* and the first {@code N} parameter types of the target
* must exactly match the parameters of the combiner.
* <p>
* The resulting adapter is the same type as the target, except that the
* first parameter type is dropped,
* if it corresponds to the result of the combiner.
* <p>
* (Note that {@link #dropArguments(MethodHandle,int,List) dropArguments} can be used to remove any arguments
* that either the combiner or the target does not wish to receive.
* If some of the incoming arguments are destined only for the combiner,
* consider using {@link MethodHandle#asCollector asCollector} instead, since those
* arguments will not need to be live on the stack on entry to the
* target.)
* <p><b>Example:</b>
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
...
MethodHandle trace = publicLookup().findVirtual(java.io.PrintStream.class,
"println", methodType(void.class, String.class))
.bindTo(System.out);
MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
"concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
assertEquals("boojum", (String) cat.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
MethodHandle catTrace = foldArguments(cat, trace);
// also prints "boo":
assertEquals("boojum", (String) catTrace.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
* }</pre></blockquote>
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* // there are N arguments in A...
* T target(V, A[N]..., B...);
* V combiner(A...);
* T adapter(A... a, B... b) {
* V v = combiner(a...);
* return target(v, a..., b...);
* }
* // and if the combiner has a void return:
* T target2(A[N]..., B...);
* void combiner2(A...);
* T adapter2(A... a, B... b) {
* combiner2(a...);
* return target2(a..., b...);
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
* @param target the method handle to invoke after arguments are combined
* @param combiner method handle to call initially on the incoming arguments
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified argument folding logic
* @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code combiner}'s return type
* is non-void and not the same as the first argument type of
* the target, or if the initial {@code N} argument types
* of the target
* (skipping one matching the {@code combiner}'s return type)
* are not identical with the argument types of {@code combiner}
*/
public static
MethodHandle foldArguments(MethodHandle target, MethodHandle combiner) {
int foldPos = 0;
MethodType targetType = target.type();
MethodType combinerType = combiner.type();
Class<?> rtype = foldArgumentChecks(foldPos, targetType, combinerType);
BoundMethodHandle result = target.rebind();
boolean dropResult = (rtype == void.class);
// Note: This may cache too many distinct LFs. Consider backing off to varargs code.
LambdaForm lform = result.editor().foldArgumentsForm(1 + foldPos, dropResult, combinerType.basicType());
MethodType newType = targetType;
if (!dropResult)
newType = newType.dropParameterTypes(foldPos, foldPos + 1);
result = result.copyWithExtendL(newType, lform, combiner);
return result;
}
private static Class<?> foldArgumentChecks(int foldPos, MethodType targetType, MethodType combinerType) {
int foldArgs = combinerType.parameterCount();
Class<?> rtype = combinerType.returnType();
int foldVals = rtype == void.class ? 0 : 1;
int afterInsertPos = foldPos + foldVals;
boolean ok = (targetType.parameterCount() >= afterInsertPos + foldArgs);
if (ok && !(combinerType.parameterList()
.equals(targetType.parameterList().subList(afterInsertPos,
afterInsertPos + foldArgs))))
ok = false;
if (ok && foldVals != 0 && combinerType.returnType() != targetType.parameterType(0))
ok = false;
if (!ok)
throw misMatchedTypes("target and combiner types", targetType, combinerType);
return rtype;
}
/**
* Makes a method handle which adapts a target method handle,
* by guarding it with a test, a boolean-valued method handle.
* If the guard fails, a fallback handle is called instead.
* All three method handles must have the same corresponding
* argument and return types, except that the return type
* of the test must be boolean, and the test is allowed
* to have fewer arguments than the other two method handles.
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* boolean test(A...);
* T target(A...,B...);
* T fallback(A...,B...);
* T adapter(A... a,B... b) {
* if (test(a...))
* return target(a..., b...);
* else
* return fallback(a..., b...);
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
* Note that the test arguments ({@code a...} in the pseudocode) cannot
* be modified by execution of the test, and so are passed unchanged
* from the caller to the target or fallback as appropriate.
* @param test method handle used for test, must return boolean
* @param target method handle to call if test passes
* @param fallback method handle to call if test fails
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified if/then/else logic
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code test} does not return boolean,
* or if all three method types do not match (with the return
* type of {@code test} changed to match that of the target).
*/
public static
MethodHandle guardWithTest(MethodHandle test,
MethodHandle target,
MethodHandle fallback) {
MethodType gtype = test.type();
MethodType ttype = target.type();
MethodType ftype = fallback.type();
if (!ttype.equals(ftype))
throw misMatchedTypes("target and fallback types", ttype, ftype);
if (gtype.returnType() != boolean.class)
throw newIllegalArgumentException("guard type is not a predicate "+gtype);
List<Class<?>> targs = ttype.parameterList();
List<Class<?>> gargs = gtype.parameterList();
if (!targs.equals(gargs)) {
int gpc = gargs.size(), tpc = targs.size();
if (gpc >= tpc || !targs.subList(0, gpc).equals(gargs))
throw misMatchedTypes("target and test types", ttype, gtype);
test = dropArguments(test, gpc, targs.subList(gpc, tpc));
gtype = test.type();
}
return MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithTest(test, target, fallback);
}
static RuntimeException misMatchedTypes(String what, MethodType t1, MethodType t2) {
return newIllegalArgumentException(what + " must match: " + t1 + " != " + t2);
}
/**
* Makes a method handle which adapts a target method handle,
* by running it inside an exception handler.
* If the target returns normally, the adapter returns that value.
* If an exception matching the specified type is thrown, the fallback
* handle is called instead on the exception, plus the original arguments.
* <p>
* The target and handler must have the same corresponding
* argument and return types, except that handler may omit trailing arguments
* (similarly to the predicate in {@link #guardWithTest guardWithTest}).
* Also, the handler must have an extra leading parameter of {@code exType} or a supertype.
* <p> Here is pseudocode for the resulting adapter:
* <blockquote><pre>{@code
* T target(A..., B...);
* T handler(ExType, A...);
* T adapter(A... a, B... b) {
* try {
* return target(a..., b...);
* } catch (ExType ex) {
* return handler(ex, a...);
* }
* }
* }</pre></blockquote>
* Note that the saved arguments ({@code a...} in the pseudocode) cannot
* be modified by execution of the target, and so are passed unchanged
* from the caller to the handler, if the handler is invoked.
* <p>
* The target and handler must return the same type, even if the handler
* always throws. (This might happen, for instance, because the handler
* is simulating a {@code finally} clause).
* To create such a throwing handler, compose the handler creation logic
* with {@link #throwException throwException},
* in order to create a method handle of the correct return type.
* @param target method handle to call
* @param exType the type of exception which the handler will catch
* @param handler method handle to call if a matching exception is thrown
* @return method handle which incorporates the specified try/catch logic
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code handler} does not accept
* the given exception type, or if the method handle types do
* not match in their return types and their
* corresponding parameters
*/
public static
MethodHandle catchException(MethodHandle target,
Class<? extends Throwable> exType,
MethodHandle handler) {
MethodType ttype = target.type();
MethodType htype = handler.type();
if (htype.parameterCount() < 1 ||
!htype.parameterType(0).isAssignableFrom(exType))
throw newIllegalArgumentException("handler does not accept exception type "+exType);
if (htype.returnType() != ttype.returnType())
throw misMatchedTypes("target and handler return types", ttype, htype);
List<Class<?>> targs = ttype.parameterList();
List<Class<?>> hargs = htype.parameterList();
hargs = hargs.subList(1, hargs.size()); // omit leading parameter from handler
if (!targs.equals(hargs)) {
int hpc = hargs.size(), tpc = targs.size();
if (hpc >= tpc || !targs.subList(0, hpc).equals(hargs))
throw misMatchedTypes("target and handler types", ttype, htype);
handler = dropArguments(handler, 1+hpc, targs.subList(hpc, tpc));
htype = handler.type();
}
return MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithCatch(target, exType, handler);
}
/**
* Produces a method handle which will throw exceptions of the given {@code exType}.
* The method handle will accept a single argument of {@code exType},
* and immediately throw it as an exception.
* The method type will nominally specify a return of {@code returnType}.
* The return type may be anything convenient: It doesn't matter to the
* method handle's behavior, since it will never return normally.
* @param returnType the return type of the desired method handle
* @param exType the parameter type of the desired method handle
* @return method handle which can throw the given exceptions
* @throws NullPointerException if either argument is null
*/
public static
MethodHandle throwException(Class<?> returnType, Class<? extends Throwable> exType) {
if (!Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(exType))
throw new ClassCastException(exType.getName());
return MethodHandleImpl.throwException(MethodType.methodType(returnType, exType));
}
}