git-send-email.perl - git - Git at Google

 #!/usr/bin/perl -w
 #
 # Copyright 2002,2005 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
 # Copyright 2005 Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
 #
 # GPL v2 (See COPYING)
 #
 # Ported to support git "mbox" format files by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
 #
 # Sends a collection of emails to the given email addresses, disturbingly fast.
 #
 # Supports two formats:
 # 1. mbox format files (ignoring most headers and MIME formatting - this is designed for sending patches)
 # 2. The original format support by Greg's script:
 #    first line of the message is who to CC,
 #    and second line is the subject of the message.
 #

 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use Term::ReadLine;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use Data::Dumper;

 package FakeTerm;
 sub new {
 	my ($class, $reason) = @_;
 	return bless \$reason, shift;
 }
 sub readline {
 	my $self = shift;
 	die "Cannot use readline on FakeTerm: $$self";
 }
 package main;

 # most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
 sub format_2822_time {
 	my ($time) = @_;
 	my @localtm = localtime($time);
 	my @gmttm = gmtime($time);
 	my $localmin = $localtm[1] + $localtm[2] * 60;
 	my $gmtmin = $gmttm[1] + $gmttm[2] * 60;
 	if ($localtm[0] != $gmttm[0]) {
 		die "local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n";
 	}
 	if ((($gmttm[6] + 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
 		$localmin += 1440;
 	} elsif ((($gmttm[6] - 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
 		$localmin -= 1440;
 	} elsif ($gmttm[6] != $localtm[6]) {
 		die "local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n";
 	}
 	my $offset = $localmin - $gmtmin;
 	my $offhour = $offset / 60;
 	my $offmin = abs($offset % 60);
 	if (abs($offhour) >= 24) {
 		die ("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
 	}

 	return sprintf("%s, %2d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %s%02d%02d",
 		       qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat)[$localtm[6]],
 		       $localtm[3],
 		       qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
 			  Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec)[$localtm[4]],
 		       $localtm[5]+1900,
 		       $localtm[2],
 		       $localtm[1],
 		       $localtm[0],
 		       ($offset >= 0) ? '+' : '-',
 		       abs($offhour),
 		       $offmin,
 		       );
 }

 my $have_email_valid = eval { require Email::Valid; 1 };
 my $smtp;

 sub unique_email_list(@);
 sub cleanup_compose_files();

 # Constants (essentially)
 my $compose_filename = ".msg.$$";

 # Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
 my (@to,@cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,
 	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,$from,$compose,$time);

 # Behavior modification variables
 my ($chain_reply_to, $quiet, $suppress_from, $no_signed_off_cc) = (1, 0, 0, 0);
 my $smtp_server;

 # Example reply to:
 #$initial_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';

 my $term = eval {
 	new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email';
 };
 if ($@) {
 	$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
 }

 # Begin by accumulating all the variables (defined above), that we will end up
 # needing, first, from the command line:

 my $rc = GetOptions("from=s" => \$from,
                     "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
 		    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
 		    "to=s" => \@to,
 		    "cc=s" => \@initial_cc,
 		    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
 		    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
 		    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "suppress-from" => \$suppress_from,
 		    "no-signed-off-cc|no-signed-off-by-cc" => \$no_signed_off_cc,
 	 );

 # Verify the user input

 foreach my $entry (@to) {
 	die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
 }

 foreach my $entry (@initial_cc) {
 	die "Comma in --cc entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
 }

 foreach my $entry (@bcclist) {
 	die "Comma in --bcclist entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
 }

 # Now, let's fill any that aren't set in with defaults:

 sub gitvar {
     my ($var) = @_;
     my $fh;
     my $pid = open($fh, '-|');
     die "$!" unless defined $pid;
     if (!$pid) {
 	exec('git-var', $var) or die "$!";
     }
     my ($val) = <$fh>;
     close $fh or die "$!";
     chomp($val);
     return $val;
 }

 sub gitvar_ident {
     my ($name) = @_;
     my $val = gitvar($name);
     my @field = split(/\s+/, $val);
     return join(' ', @field[0...(@field-3)]);
 }

 my ($author) = gitvar_ident('GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT');
 my ($committer) = gitvar_ident('GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT');

 my %aliases;
 chomp(my @alias_files = `git-repo-config --get-all sendemail.aliasesfile`);
 chomp(my $aliasfiletype = `git-repo-config sendemail.aliasfiletype`);
 my %parse_alias = (
 	# multiline formats can be supported in the future
 	mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
 			my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
 			$addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
 			 # commas delimit multiple addresses
 			$aliases{$alias} = [ split(/\s*,\s*/, $addr) ];
 		}}},
 	mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
 			# spaces delimit multiple addresses
 			$aliases{$1} = [ split(/\s+/, $2) ];
 		}}},
 	pine => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/^(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
 			$aliases{$1} = [ split(/\s*,\s*/, $2) ];
 		}}},
 	gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
 		if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
 			$aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
 		}}}
 );

 if (@alias_files && defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
 	foreach my $file (@alias_files) {
 		open my $fh, '<', $file or die "opening $file: $!\n";
 		$parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}->($fh);
 		close $fh;
 	}
 }

 my $prompting = 0;
 if (!defined $from) {
 	$from = $author || $committer;
 	do {
 		$_ = $term->readline("Who should the emails appear to be from? ",
 			$from);
 	} while (!defined $_);

 	$from = $_;
 	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $from, "\n";
 	$prompting++;
 }

 if (!@to) {
 	do {
 		$_ = $term->readline("Who should the emails be sent to? ",
 				"");
 	} while (!defined $_);
 	my $to = $_;
 	push @to, split /,/, $to;
 	$prompting++;
 }

 sub expand_aliases {
 	my @cur = @_;
 	my @last;
 	do {
 		@last = @cur;
 		@cur = map { $aliases{$_} ? @{$aliases{$_}} : $_ } @last;
 	} while (join(',',@cur) ne join(',',@last));
 	return @cur;
 }

 @to = expand_aliases(@to);
 @initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
 @bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);

 if (!defined $initial_subject && $compose) {
 	do {
 		$_ = $term->readline("What subject should the emails start with? ",
 			$initial_subject);
 	} while (!defined $_);
 	$initial_subject = $_;
 	$prompting++;
 }

 if (!defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
 	do {
 		$_= $term->readline("Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ",
 			$initial_reply_to);
 	} while (!defined $_);

 	$initial_reply_to = $_;
 	$initial_reply_to =~ s/(^\s+|\s+$)//g;
 }

 if (!$smtp_server) {
 	foreach (qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail )) {
 		if (-x $_) {
 			$smtp_server = $_;
 			last;
 		}
 	}
 	$smtp_server ||= 'localhost'; # could be 127.0.0.1, too... *shrug*
 }

 if ($compose) {
 	# Note that this does not need to be secure, but we will make a small
 	# effort to have it be unique
 	open(C,">",$compose_filename)
 		or die "Failed to open for writing $compose_filename: $!";
 	print C "From $from # This line is ignored.\n";
 	printf C "Subject: %s\n\n", $initial_subject;
 	printf C <<EOT;
 GIT: Please enter your email below.
 GIT: Lines beginning in "GIT: " will be removed.
 GIT: Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
 GIT: for the patch you are writing.

 EOT
 	close(C);

 	my $editor = $ENV{EDITOR};
 	$editor = 'vi' unless defined $editor;
 	system($editor, $compose_filename);

 	open(C2,">",$compose_filename . ".final")
 		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename.final : " . $!;

 	open(C,"<",$compose_filename)
 		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename : " . $!;

 	while(<C>) {
 		next if m/^GIT: /;
 		print C2 $_;
 	}
 	close(C);
 	close(C2);

 	do {
 		$_ = $term->readline("Send this email? (y|n) ");
 	} while (!defined $_);

 	if (uc substr($_,0,1) ne 'Y') {
 		cleanup_compose_files();
 		exit(0);
 	}

 	@files = ($compose_filename . ".final");
 }


 # Now that all the defaults are set, process the rest of the command line
 # arguments and collect up the files that need to be processed.
 for my $f (@ARGV) {
 	if (-d $f) {
 		opendir(DH,$f)
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";

 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { +$f . "/" . $_ }
 				sort readdir(DH);

 	} elsif (-f $f) {
 		push @files, $f;

 	} else {
 		print STDERR "Skipping $f - not found.\n";
 	}
 }

 if (@files) {
 	unless ($quiet) {
 		print $_,"\n" for (@files);
 	}
 } else {
 	print <<EOT;
 git-send-email [options] <file | directory> [... file | directory ]
 Options:
    --from         Specify the "From:" line of the email to be sent.

    --to           Specify the primary "To:" line of the email.

    --cc           Specify an initial "Cc:" list for the entire series
                   of emails.

    --bcc          Specify a list of email addresses that should be Bcc:
 		  on all the emails.

    --compose      Use \$EDITOR to edit an introductory message for the
                   patch series.

    --subject      Specify the initial "Subject:" line.
                   Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
 		  is not set, this will be prompted for.

    --in-reply-to  Specify the first "In-Reply-To:" header line.
                   Only used if --compose is also set.  If --compose is not
 		  set, this will be prompted for.

    --chain-reply-to If set, the replies will all be to the previous
                   email sent, rather than to the first email sent.
                   Defaults to on.

    --no-signed-off-cc Suppress the automatic addition of email addresses
                  that appear in a Signed-off-by: line, to the cc: list.
 		 Note: Using this option is not recommended.

    --smtp-server  If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use.
                   Defaults to localhost.

   --suppress-from Suppress sending emails to yourself if your address
                   appears in a From: line.

    --quiet	Make git-send-email less verbose.  One line per email should be
 		all that is output.

 Error: Please specify a file or a directory on the command line.
 EOT
 	exit(1);
 }

 # Variables we set as part of the loop over files
 our ($message_id, $cc, %mail, $subject, $reply_to, $references, $message);

 sub extract_valid_address {
 	my $address = shift;
 	my $local_part_regexp = '[^<>"\s@]+';
 	my $domain_regexp = '[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+';

 	# check for a local address:
 	return $address if ($address =~ /^($local_part_regexp)$/);

 	if ($have_email_valid) {
 		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
 	} else {
 		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
 		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
 		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
 		return $1;
 	}
 }

 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.

 # we make a "fake" message id by taking the current number
 # of seconds since the beginning of Unix time and tacking on
 # a random number to the end, in case we are called quicker than
 # 1 second since the last time we were called.

 # We'll setup a template for the message id, using the "from" address:
 my $message_id_from = extract_valid_address($from);
 my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-$message_id_from>";

 sub make_message_id
 {
 	my $date = time;
 	my $pseudo_rand = int (rand(4200));
 	$message_id = sprintf $message_id_template, "$date$pseudo_rand";
 	#print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
 }


 $cc = "";
 $time = time - scalar $#files;

 sub send_message
 {
 	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
 	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
 	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
 	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
 	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
 	    $gitversion = `git --version`;
 	    chomp $gitversion;
 	    # keep only what's after the last space
 	    $gitversion =~ s/^.* //;
 	}

 	my $header = "From: $from
 To: $to
 Cc: $cc
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
 Message-Id: $message_id
 X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 ";
 	if ($reply_to) {

 		$header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
 		$header .= "References: $references\n";
 	}

 	if ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
 		my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
 		defined $pid or die $!;
 		if (!$pid) {
 			exec($smtp_server,'-i',
 			     map { extract_valid_address($_) }
 			     @recipients) or die $!;
 		}
 		print $sm "$header\n$message";
 		close $sm or die $?;
 	} else {
 		require Net::SMTP;
 		$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new( $smtp_server );
 		$smtp->mail( $from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->datasend("$header\n$message") or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->ok or die "Failed to send $subject\n".$smtp->message;
 	}
 	if ($quiet) {
 		printf "Sent %s\n", $subject;
 	} else {
 		print "OK. Log says:\nDate: $date\n";
 		if ($smtp) {
 			print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
 		} else {
 			print "Sendmail: $smtp_server\n";
 		}
 		print "From: $from\nSubject: $subject\nCc: $cc\nTo: $to\n\n";
 		if ($smtp) {
 			print "Result: ", $smtp->code, ' ',
 				($smtp->message =~ /\n([^\n]+\n)$/s), "\n";
 		} else {
 			print "Result: OK\n";
 		}
 	}
 }

 $reply_to = $initial_reply_to;
 $references = $initial_reply_to || '';
 make_message_id();
 $subject = $initial_subject;

 foreach my $t (@files) {
 	open(F,"<",$t) or die "can't open file $t";

 	my $author_not_sender = undef;
 	@cc = @initial_cc;
 	my $found_mbox = 0;
 	my $header_done = 0;
 	$message = "";
 	while(<F>) {
 		if (!$header_done) {
 			$found_mbox = 1, next if (/^From /);
 			chomp;

 			if ($found_mbox) {
 				if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
 					$subject = $1;

 				} elsif (/^(Cc|From):\s+(.*)$/) {
 					if ($2 eq $from) {
 						next if ($suppress_from);
 					}
 					else {
 						$author_not_sender = $2;
 					}
 					printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$2, $_) unless $quiet;
 					push @cc, $2;
 				}

 			} else {
 				# In the traditional
 				# "send lots of email" format,
 				# line 1 = cc
 				# line 2 = subject
 				# So let's support that, too.
 				if (@cc == 0) {
 					printf("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$_, $_) unless $quiet;

 					push @cc, $_;

 				} elsif (!defined $subject) {
 					$subject = $_;
 				}
 			}

 			# A whitespace line will terminate the headers
 			if (m/^\s*$/) {
 				$header_done = 1;
 			}
 		} else {
 			$message .=  $_;
 			if (/^Signed-off-by: (.*)$/i && !$no_signed_off_cc) {
 				my $c = $1;
 				chomp $c;
 				push @cc, $c;
 				printf("(sob) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$c, $_) unless $quiet;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	close F;
 	if (defined $author_not_sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author_not_sender\n\n$message";
 	}

 	$cc = join(", ", unique_email_list(@cc));

 	send_message();

 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($chain_reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
 			$references .= " $message_id";
 		} else {
 			$references = "$message_id";
 		}
 	}
 	make_message_id();
 }

 if ($compose) {
 	cleanup_compose_files();
 }

 sub cleanup_compose_files() {
 	unlink($compose_filename, $compose_filename . ".final");

 }

 $smtp->quit if $smtp;

 sub unique_email_list(@) {
 	my %seen;
 	my @emails;

 	foreach my $entry (@_) {
 		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
 			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
 			next if $seen{$clean}++;
 			push @emails, $entry;
 		} else {
 			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
 					" from: $entry\n";
 		}
 	}
 	return @emails;
 }
	#!/usr/bin/perl -w
	#
	# Copyright 2002,2005 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
	# Copyright 2005 Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
	#
	# GPL v2 (See COPYING)
	#
	# Ported to support git "mbox" format files by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
	#
	# Sends a collection of emails to the given email addresses, disturbingly fast.
	#
	# Supports two formats:
	# 1. mbox format files (ignoring most headers and MIME formatting - this is designed for sending patches)
	# 2. The original format support by Greg's script:
	# first line of the message is who to CC,
	# and second line is the subject of the message.
	#

	use strict;
	use warnings;
	use Term::ReadLine;
	use Getopt::Long;
	use Data::Dumper;

	package FakeTerm;
	sub new {
	my ($class, $reason) = @_;
	return bless \$reason, shift;
	}
	sub readline {
	my $self = shift;
	die "Cannot use readline on FakeTerm: $$self";
	}
	package main;

	# most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
	sub format_2822_time {
	my ($time) = @_;
	my @localtm = localtime($time);
	my @gmttm = gmtime($time);
	my $localmin = $localtm[1] + $localtm[2] * 60;
	my $gmtmin = $gmttm[1] + $gmttm[2] * 60;
	if ($localtm[0] != $gmttm[0]) {
	die "local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n";
	}
	if ((($gmttm[6] + 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
	$localmin += 1440;
	} elsif ((($gmttm[6] - 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
	$localmin -= 1440;
	} elsif ($gmttm[6] != $localtm[6]) {
	die "local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n";
	}
	my $offset = $localmin - $gmtmin;
	my $offhour = $offset / 60;
	my $offmin = abs($offset % 60);
	if (abs($offhour) >= 24) {
	die ("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
	}

	return sprintf("%s, %2d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %s%02d%02d",
	qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat)[$localtm[6]],
	$localtm[3],
	qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
	Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec)[$localtm[4]],
	$localtm[5]+1900,
	$localtm[2],
	$localtm[1],
	$localtm[0],
	($offset >= 0) ? '+' : '-',
	abs($offhour),
	$offmin,
	);
	}

	my $have_email_valid = eval { require Email::Valid; 1 };
	my $smtp;

	sub unique_email_list(@);
	sub cleanup_compose_files();

	# Constants (essentially)
	my $compose_filename = ".msg.$$";

	# Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
	my (@to,@cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,
	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,$from,$compose,$time);

	# Behavior modification variables
	my ($chain_reply_to, $quiet, $suppress_from, $no_signed_off_cc) = (1, 0, 0, 0);
	my $smtp_server;

	# Example reply to:
	#$initial_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';

	my $term = eval {
	new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email';
	};
	if ($@) {
	$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
	}

	# Begin by accumulating all the variables (defined above), that we will end up
	# needing, first, from the command line:

	my $rc = GetOptions("from=s" => \$from,
	"in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
	"subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
	"to=s" => \@to,
	"cc=s" => \@initial_cc,
	"bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
	"chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
	"smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
	"compose" => \$compose,
	"quiet" => \$quiet,
	"suppress-from" => \$suppress_from,
	"no-signed-off-cc\|no-signed-off-by-cc" => \$no_signed_off_cc,
	);

	# Verify the user input

	foreach my $entry (@to) {
	die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
	}

	foreach my $entry (@initial_cc) {
	die "Comma in --cc entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
	}

	foreach my $entry (@bcclist) {
	die "Comma in --bcclist entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
	}

	# Now, let's fill any that aren't set in with defaults:

	sub gitvar {
	my ($var) = @_;
	my $fh;
	my $pid = open($fh, '-\|');
	die "$!" unless defined $pid;
	if (!$pid) {
	exec('git-var', $var) or die "$!";
	}
	my ($val) = <$fh>;
	close $fh or die "$!";
	chomp($val);
	return $val;
	}

	sub gitvar_ident {
	my ($name) = @_;
	my $val = gitvar($name);
	my @field = split(/\s+/, $val);
	return join(' ', @field[0...(@field-3)]);
	}

	my ($author) = gitvar_ident('GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT');
	my ($committer) = gitvar_ident('GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT');

	my %aliases;
	chomp(my @alias_files = `git-repo-config --get-all sendemail.aliasesfile`);
	chomp(my $aliasfiletype = `git-repo-config sendemail.aliasfiletype`);
	my %parse_alias = (
	# multiline formats can be supported in the future
	mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
	if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
	my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
	$addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
	# commas delimit multiple addresses
	$aliases{$alias} = [ split(/\s,\s/, $addr) ];
	}}},
	mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
	if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
	# spaces delimit multiple addresses
	$aliases{$1} = [ split(/\s+/, $2) ];
	}}},
	pine => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
	if (/^(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
	$aliases{$1} = [ split(/\s,\s/, $2) ];
	}}},
	gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
	if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
	$aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
	}}}
	);

	if (@alias_files && defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
	foreach my $file (@alias_files) {
	open my $fh, '<', $file or die "opening $file: $!\n";
	$parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}->($fh);
	close $fh;
	}
	}

	my $prompting = 0;
	if (!defined $from) {
	$from = $author \|\| $committer;
	do {
	$_ = $term->readline("Who should the emails appear to be from? ",
	$from);
	} while (!defined $_);

	$from = $_;
	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $from, "\n";
	$prompting++;
	}

	if (!@to) {
	do {
	$_ = $term->readline("Who should the emails be sent to? ",
	"");
	} while (!defined $_);
	my $to = $_;
	push @to, split /,/, $to;
	$prompting++;
	}

	sub expand_aliases {
	my @cur = @_;
	my @last;
	do {
	@last = @cur;
	@cur = map { $aliases{$_} ? @{$aliases{$_}} : $_ } @last;
	} while (join(',',@cur) ne join(',',@last));
	return @cur;
	}

	@to = expand_aliases(@to);
	@initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
	@bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);

	if (!defined $initial_subject && $compose) {
	do {
	$_ = $term->readline("What subject should the emails start with? ",
	$initial_subject);
	} while (!defined $_);
	$initial_subject = $_;
	$prompting++;
	}

	if (!defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
	do {
	$_= $term->readline("Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ",
	$initial_reply_to);
	} while (!defined $_);

	$initial_reply_to = $_;
	$initial_reply_to =~ s/(^\s+\|\s+$)//g;
	}

	if (!$smtp_server) {
	foreach (qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail )) {
	if (-x $_) {
	$smtp_server = $_;
	last;
	}
	}
	$smtp_server \|\|= 'localhost'; # could be 127.0.0.1, too... shrug
	}

	if ($compose) {
	# Note that this does not need to be secure, but we will make a small
	# effort to have it be unique
	open(C,">",$compose_filename)
	or die "Failed to open for writing $compose_filename: $!";
	print C "From $from # This line is ignored.\n";
	printf C "Subject: %s\n\n", $initial_subject;
	printf C <<EOT;
	GIT: Please enter your email below.
	GIT: Lines beginning in "GIT: " will be removed.
	GIT: Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
	GIT: for the patch you are writing.

	EOT
	close(C);

	my $editor = $ENV{EDITOR};
	$editor = 'vi' unless defined $editor;
	system($editor, $compose_filename);

	open(C2,">",$compose_filename . ".final")
	or die "Failed to open $compose_filename.final : " . $!;

	open(C,"<",$compose_filename)
	or die "Failed to open $compose_filename : " . $!;

	while(<C>) {
	next if m/^GIT: /;
	print C2 $_;
	}
	close(C);
	close(C2);

	do {
	$_ = $term->readline("Send this email? (y\|n) ");
	} while (!defined $_);

	if (uc substr($_,0,1) ne 'Y') {
	cleanup_compose_files();
	exit(0);
	}

	@files = ($compose_filename . ".final");
	}


	# Now that all the defaults are set, process the rest of the command line
	# arguments and collect up the files that need to be processed.
	for my $f (@ARGV) {
	if (-d $f) {
	opendir(DH,$f)
	or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";

	push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { +$f . "/" . $_ }
	sort readdir(DH);

	} elsif (-f $f) {
	push @files, $f;

	} else {
	print STDERR "Skipping $f - not found.\n";
	}
	}

	if (@files) {
	unless ($quiet) {
	print $_,"\n" for (@files);
	}
	} else {
	print <<EOT;
	git-send-email [options] <file \| directory> [... file \| directory ]
	Options:
	--from Specify the "From:" line of the email to be sent.

	--to Specify the primary "To:" line of the email.

	--cc Specify an initial "Cc:" list for the entire series
	of emails.

	--bcc Specify a list of email addresses that should be Bcc:
	on all the emails.

	--compose Use \$EDITOR to edit an introductory message for the
	patch series.

	--subject Specify the initial "Subject:" line.
	Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
	is not set, this will be prompted for.

	--in-reply-to Specify the first "In-Reply-To:" header line.
	Only used if --compose is also set. If --compose is not
	set, this will be prompted for.

	--chain-reply-to If set, the replies will all be to the previous
	email sent, rather than to the first email sent.
	Defaults to on.

	--no-signed-off-cc Suppress the automatic addition of email addresses
	that appear in a Signed-off-by: line, to the cc: list.
	Note: Using this option is not recommended.

	--smtp-server If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use.
	Defaults to localhost.

	--suppress-from Suppress sending emails to yourself if your address
	appears in a From: line.

	--quiet Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
	all that is output.

	Error: Please specify a file or a directory on the command line.
	EOT
	exit(1);
	}

	# Variables we set as part of the loop over files
	our ($message_id, $cc, %mail, $subject, $reply_to, $references, $message);

	sub extract_valid_address {
	my $address = shift;
	my $local_part_regexp = '[^<>"\s@]+';
	my $domain_regexp = '[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+';

	# check for a local address:
	return $address if ($address =~ /^($local_part_regexp)$/);

	if ($have_email_valid) {
	return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
	} else {
	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
	$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
	return $1;
	}
	}

	# Usually don't need to change anything below here.

	# we make a "fake" message id by taking the current number
	# of seconds since the beginning of Unix time and tacking on
	# a random number to the end, in case we are called quicker than
	# 1 second since the last time we were called.

	# We'll setup a template for the message id, using the "from" address:
	my $message_id_from = extract_valid_address($from);
	my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-$message_id_from>";

	sub make_message_id
	{
	my $date = time;
	my $pseudo_rand = int (rand(4200));
	$message_id = sprintf $message_id_template, "$date$pseudo_rand";
	#print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
	}



	$cc = "";
	$time = time - scalar $#files;

	sub send_message
	{
	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
	$gitversion = `git --version`;
	chomp $gitversion;
	# keep only what's after the last space
	$gitversion =~ s/^.* //;
	}

	my $header = "From: $from
	To: $to
	Cc: $cc
	Subject: $subject
	Date: $date
	Message-Id: $message_id
	X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
	";
	if ($reply_to) {

	$header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
	$header .= "References: $references\n";
	}

	if ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
	my $pid = open my $sm, '\|-';
	defined $pid or die $!;
	if (!$pid) {
	exec($smtp_server,'-i',
	map { extract_valid_address($_) }
	@recipients) or die $!;
	}
	print $sm "$header\n$message";
	close $sm or die $?;
	} else {
	require Net::SMTP;
	$smtp \|\|= Net::SMTP->new( $smtp_server );
	$smtp->mail( $from ) or die $smtp->message;
	$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
	$smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
	$smtp->datasend("$header\n$message") or die $smtp->message;
	$smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
	$smtp->ok or die "Failed to send $subject\n".$smtp->message;
	}
	if ($quiet) {
	printf "Sent %s\n", $subject;
	} else {
	print "OK. Log says:\nDate: $date\n";
	if ($smtp) {
	print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
	} else {
	print "Sendmail: $smtp_server\n";
	}
	print "From: $from\nSubject: $subject\nCc: $cc\nTo: $to\n\n";
	if ($smtp) {
	print "Result: ", $smtp->code, ' ',
	($smtp->message =~ /\n([^\n]+\n)$/s), "\n";
	} else {
	print "Result: OK\n";
	}
	}
	}

	$reply_to = $initial_reply_to;
	$references = $initial_reply_to \|\| '';
	make_message_id();
	$subject = $initial_subject;

	foreach my $t (@files) {
	open(F,"<",$t) or die "can't open file $t";

	my $author_not_sender = undef;
	@cc = @initial_cc;
	my $found_mbox = 0;
	my $header_done = 0;
	$message = "";
	while(<F>) {
	if (!$header_done) {
	$found_mbox = 1, next if (/^From /);
	chomp;

	if ($found_mbox) {
	if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
	$subject = $1;

	} elsif (/^(Cc\|From):\s+(.*)$/) {
	if ($2 eq $from) {
	next if ($suppress_from);
	}
	else {
	$author_not_sender = $2;
	}
	printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
	$2, $_) unless $quiet;
	push @cc, $2;
	}

	} else {
	# In the traditional
	# "send lots of email" format,
	# line 1 = cc
	# line 2 = subject
	# So let's support that, too.
	if (@cc == 0) {
	printf("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
	$_, $_) unless $quiet;

	push @cc, $_;

	} elsif (!defined $subject) {
	$subject = $_;
	}
	}

	# A whitespace line will terminate the headers
	if (m/^\s*$/) {
	$header_done = 1;
	}
	} else {
	$message .= $_;
	if (/^Signed-off-by: (.*)$/i && !$no_signed_off_cc) {
	my $c = $1;
	chomp $c;
	push @cc, $c;
	printf("(sob) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
	$c, $_) unless $quiet;
	}
	}
	}
	close F;
	if (defined $author_not_sender) {
	$message = "From: $author_not_sender\n\n$message";
	}

	$cc = join(", ", unique_email_list(@cc));

	send_message();

	# set up for the next message
	if ($chain_reply_to \|\| length($reply_to) == 0) {
	$reply_to = $message_id;
	if (length $references > 0) {
	$references .= " $message_id";
	} else {
	$references = "$message_id";
	}
	}
	make_message_id();
	}

	if ($compose) {
	cleanup_compose_files();
	}

	sub cleanup_compose_files() {
	unlink($compose_filename, $compose_filename . ".final");

	}

	$smtp->quit if $smtp;

	sub unique_email_list(@) {
	my %seen;
	my @emails;

	foreach my $entry (@_) {
	if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
	$seen{$clean} \|\|= 0;
	next if $seen{$clean}++;
	push @emails, $entry;
	} else {
	print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
	" from: $entry\n";
	}
	}
	return @emails;
	}