Merge branch 'jc/revision-range-unpeel' into maint

"git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits
reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent
bugfix.  This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series.

* jc/revision-range-unpeel:
  revision: propagate flag bits from tags to pointees
  revision: mark contents of an uninteresting tree uninteresting
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a188a82..66199ed 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /GIT-CFLAGS
 /GIT-LDFLAGS
-/GIT-GUI-VARS
 /GIT-PREFIX
+/GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 /GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 /GIT-USER-AGENT
 /GIT-VERSION-FILE
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
+/git-check-ignore
+/git-check-mailmap
 /git-check-ref-format
 /git-checkout
 /git-checkout-index
@@ -125,6 +127,8 @@
 /git-remote-fd
 /git-remote-ext
 /git-remote-testgit
+/git-remote-testpy
+/git-remote-testsvn
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
 /git-repo-config
@@ -170,7 +174,6 @@
 /git-whatchanged
 /git-write-tree
 /git-core-*/?*
-/gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
@@ -189,6 +192,8 @@
 /test-mktemp
 /test-parse-options
 /test-path-utils
+/test-prio-queue
+/test-read-cache
 /test-regex
 /test-revision-walking
 /test-run-command
@@ -197,6 +202,8 @@
 /test-string-list
 /test-subprocess
 /test-svn-fe
+/test-urlmatch-normalization
+/test-wildmatch
 /common-cmds.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
@@ -226,6 +233,7 @@
 /cscope*
 *.obj
 *.lib
+*.res
 *.sln
 *.suo
 *.ncb
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index c7e8618..11057cb 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -5,97 +5,244 @@
 # same person appearing not to be so.
 #
 
+<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Alejandro R. Sedeño <asedeno@MIT.EDU> <asedeno@mit.edu>
 Alex Bennée <kernel-hacker@bennee.com>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <fork0@t-online.de>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@limbo.localdomain>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@steel.home>
+Alex Vandiver <alex@chmrr.net> <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
 Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <zapped@mail.ru>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <Alex.Crezoff@gmail.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@ksplice.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@mit.edu>
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
-Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@rossby.metr.ou.edu>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@us.ibm.com>
+Ben Walton <bdwalton@gmail.com> <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com> <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>
+Bernt Hansen <bernt@norang.ca> <bernt@alumni.uwaterloo.ca>
+Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryan.larsen@gmail.com>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryanlarsen@yahoo.com>
 Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
+Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> <chrisw@osdl.org>
+Cord Seele <cowose@gmail.com> <cowose@googlemail.com>
+Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de> <chs@ckiste.goetheallee>
+Csaba Henk <csaba@gluster.com> <csaba@lowlife.hu>
 Dan Johnson <computerdruid@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> Dana How
 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <daniel.trstenjak@online.de>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <trsten@science-computing.de>
+David Brown <git@davidb.org> <davidb@quicinc.com>
 David D. Kilzer <ddkilzer@kilzer.net>
 David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> <dreiss@dreiss-vmware.(none)>
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> <ebb9@byu.net>
+Eric Hanchrow <eric.hanchrow@gmail.com> <offby1@blarg.net>
 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
 Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com> <kusmabite@googlemail.com>
-Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
+Eyvind Bernhardsen <eyvind.bernhardsen@gmail.com> <eyvind-git@orakel.ntnu.no>
+Florian Achleitner <florian.achleitner.2.6.31@gmail.com> <florian.achleitner2.6.31@gmail.com>
+Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com> <fbuihuu@gmail.com>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <djpig@debian.org>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <flichtenheld@astaro.com>
+Fredrik Kuivinen <frekui@gmail.com> <freku045@student.liu.se>
 Frédéric Heitzmann <frederic.heitzmann@gmail.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Garry Dolley <gdolley@ucla.edu> <gdolley@arpnetworks.com>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@MIT.EDU>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@ksplice.com>
+Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net> <git-list@hvoigt.net>
+H. Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@smyrno.hos.anvin.org>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@google.com> Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@fieldses.org>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@pig.linuxdev.us.dell.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org>
 Jakub Narębski <jnareb@gmail.com>
-Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+James Y Knight <jknight@itasoftware.com> <foom@fuhm.net>
+# The 2 following authors are probably the same person,
+# but both emails bounce.
+Jason McMullan <jason.mcmullan@timesys.com>
+Jason McMullan <mcmullan@netapp.com>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@EECS.Berkeley.EDU>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@cs.berkeley.edu>
+Jay Soffian <jaysoffian@gmail.com> <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
 Jeff King <peff@peff.net> <peff@github.com>
+Jeff Muizelaar <jmuizelaar@mozilla.com> <jeff@infidigm.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <axboe@suse.de>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
+Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net> <meyering@redhat.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
-Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
-Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
 Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
-Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
-Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
-Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
+John 'Warthog9' Hawley <warthog9@kernel.org> <warthog9@eaglescrag.net>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.com>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.org>
+Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com> <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Jonathan del Strother <jon.delStrother@bestbefore.tv> <maillist@steelskies.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josh@freedesktop.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josht@us.ibm.com>
+Julian Phillips <julian@quantumfyre.co.uk> <jp3@quantumfyre.co.uk>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <gitster@pobox.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@hera.kernel.org>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
-Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
-Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> Karl  Hasselström
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> <kha@yoghurt.hemma.treskal.com>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@dcon.de>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay.sievers@suse.de>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay@mam.(none)>
+Keith Cascio <keith@CS.UCLA.EDU> <keith@cs.ucla.edu>
 Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
+Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@landau.phys.spbu.ru>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@mns.spb.ru>
+Knut Franke <Knut.Franke@gmx.de> <k.franke@science-computing.de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
+Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> <lars.noschinski@rwth-aachen.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@evo.osdl.org>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
-Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Lukas Sandström <luksan@gmail.com> <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@ericsson.com> <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
 Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com>
+Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com> <mcostalba@yahoo.it>
+Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net> <mlevedahl@gmail.com>
 Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
 Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
 Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
+Matt Draisey <matt@draisey.ca> <mattdraisey@sympatico.ca>
+Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org> <matt.kraai@amo.abbott.com>
+Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> <hashproduct@gmail.com>
+Matthias Kestenholz <matthias@spinlock.ch> <mk@spinlock.ch>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@kiste.(none)>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@redhat.com>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@mellanox.co.il>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@dev.mellanox.co.il>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@MIT.EDU>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@mit.edu>
+Michal Rokos <michal.rokos@nextsoft.cz> <rokos@nextsoft.cz>
 Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>
-Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> <vmiklos@suse.cz>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung@kernel.org>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com> <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
 Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@MIT.EDU>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@ksplice.com>
 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
-<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
-Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nickwoolley@yahoo.co.uk>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas.morey@free.fr>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmorey@kalray.eu>
+Nicolas Sebrecht <nicolas.s.dev@gmx.fr> <ni.s@laposte.net>
+Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> <paolo.bonzini@lu.unisi.ch>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@gmail.com>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@wanadoo.fr>
+Pat Notz <patnotz@gmail.com> <pknotz@sandia.gov>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@dorrigo.(none)>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@pogo.(none)>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <Peter.B.Baumann@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <siprbaum@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
 Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@suse.cz>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <xpasky@machine>
+Phil Hord <hordp@cisco.com> <phil.hord@gmail.com>
+Philip Jägenstedt <philip@foolip.org> <philip.jagenstedt@gmail.com>
+Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx> <ph@sorgh.de>
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
 Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
-René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
+Robert Shearman <robertshearman@gmail.com> <rob@codeweavers.com>
 Robert Zeh <robert.a.zeh@gmail.com>
-Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
-Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
+Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com> <robin.rosenberg.lists@dewire.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <rutger@nospam.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <git@tux.tmfweb.nl>
+Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com> <rda@google.com>
+Salikh Zakirov <salikh.zakirov@gmail.com> <Salikh.Zakirov@Intel.com>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> <sam.vilain@catalyst.net.nz>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> sam@vilain.net
+Santi Béjar <santi@agolina.net> <sbejar@gmail.com>
 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+Sebastian Schuberth <sschuberth@gmail.com> <sschuberth@visageimaging.com>
+Seth Falcon <seth@userprimary.net> <sfalcon@fhcrc.org>
 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
-Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <simon@lst.de>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <shausman@trolltech.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@atlas-elektronik.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Sperling <stsp@elego.de> <stsp@stsp.name>
+Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> <stepan.nemec@gmail.com>
+Stephen Boyd <bebarino@gmail.com> <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
+Steven Drake <sdrake@xnet.co.nz> <sdrake@ihug.co.nz>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> <sgrimm@sgrimm-mbp.local>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> koreth@midwinter.com
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lexmark.com>
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lpdev.prtdev.lexmark.com>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <Sven.Verdoolaege@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <skimo@liacs.nl>
 Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
+Ted Percival <ted@midg3t.net> <ted.percival@quest.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
-Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Ackermann <th.acker@arcor.de> <th.acker66@arcor.de>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@google.com>
+Timo Hirvonen <tihirvon@gmail.com> <tihirvon@ee.oulu.fi>
+Toby Allsopp <Toby.Allsopp@navman.co.nz> <toby.allsopp@navman.co.nz>
+Tom Grennan <tmgrennan@gmail.com> <tgrennan@redback.com>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@eagain.net>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@inoi.fi>
+Tommy Thorn <tommy-git@thorn.ws> <tt1729@yahoo.com>
 Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Ville Skyttä <scop@xemacs.org>
+Tor Arne Vestbø <torarnv@gmail.com> <tavestbo@trolltech.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <tpiepho@freescale.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> <scop@xemacs.org>
 Vitaly "_Vi" Shukela <public_vi@tut.by>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> <wking@drexel.edu>
 William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <qhwt+git@les.ath.cx>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <y0netan1@dragonflybsd.org>
 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+# the two anonymous contributors are different persons:
 anonymous <linux@horizon.com>
 anonymous <linux@horizon.net>
+İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
index d62aebd..2c8b2d6 100644
--- a/Documentation/.gitignore
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@
 howto-index.txt
 doc.dep
 cmds-*.txt
+mergetools-*.txt
 manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 69f7e9b..ef67b53 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
-code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+code.  For Git in general, three rough rules are:
 
  - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
    ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@
    judgement call, the decision based more on real world
    constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
 
+Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever.
 
 As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
 (this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
 contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
-convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match
 the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
 code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
 uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@
 
  - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
 
- - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile git with,
+ - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
    including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
    initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
 
@@ -144,6 +145,14 @@
    they were describing changes.  Often splitting a function
    into two makes the intention of the code much clearer.
 
+ - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from
+   the text.  E.g.
+
+	/*
+	 * A very long
+	 * multi-line comment.
+	 */
+
  - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation
    at all.
 
@@ -164,14 +173,14 @@
 
  - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
    or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
-   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   changed and discussed.  Many Git commands started out like
    that, and a few are still scripts.
 
- - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you
    usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
-   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly
    separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
-   repositories to git).
+   repositories to Git).
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
@@ -179,13 +188,83 @@
  - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
    translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
 
+For Perl programs:
+
+ - Most of the C guidelines above apply.
+
+ - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008").
+
+ - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred.
+
+ - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the
+   result easier to follow.
+
+	... do something ...
+	do_this() unless (condition);
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   is more readable than:
+
+	... do something ...
+	unless (condition) {
+		do_this();
+	}
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost
+   always called.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions.
+
+ - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality.
+
+ - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in
+   GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode:
+
+    ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too
+    ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)
+                  (tab-width . 8)
+                  (fill-column . 80)))
+     (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8)
+                    (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil)
+                    (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t))))
+
+For Python scripts:
+
+ - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
+
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
+
+ - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
+   also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
+
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
 Writing Documentation:
 
+ Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the
+ AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and
+ processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the
+ same directory).
+
+ The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK)
+ norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate.
+ In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently
+ used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US
+ (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing
+ documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the
+ Documentation/SubmittingPatches file).
+
  Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
  The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
- conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
- when writing or modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections
- in the manual pages:
+ conventions.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections in the manual
+ pages:
 
  Placeholders are spelled in lowercase and enclosed in angle brackets:
    <file>
@@ -230,3 +309,34 @@
    valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
    (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
    also provided.
+
+  A note on notation:
+   Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something
+   the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter)
+   when talking about the version control system and its properties.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying paragraphs or option/command explanations that contain options
+ or commands:
+
+ Literal examples (e.g. use of command-line options, command names, and
+ configuration variables) are typeset in monospace, and if you can use
+ `backticks around word phrases`, do so.
+   `--pretty=oneline`
+   `git rev-list`
+   `remote.pushdefault`
+
+ Word phrases enclosed in `backtick characters` are rendered literally
+ and will not be further expanded. The use of `backticks` to achieve the
+ previous rule means that literal examples should not use AsciiDoc
+ escapes.
+   Correct:
+      `--pretty=oneline`
+   Incorrect:
+      `\--pretty=oneline`
+
+ If some place in the documentation needs to typeset a command usage
+ example with inline substitutions, it is fine to use +monospaced and
+ inline substituted text+ instead of `monospaced literal text`, and with
+ the former, the part that should not get substituted must be
+ quoted/escaped.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index fe9a91d..91a12c7 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,19 +1,41 @@
-MAN1_TXT= \
-	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
-		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
-	gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
-MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
-	gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
-MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
-	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
-	gitdiffcore.txt gitnamespaces.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
 MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
-MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
-MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
 
-DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html
+DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
 
 ARTICLES = howto-index
 ARTICLES += everyday
@@ -21,6 +43,7 @@
 ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
 # with their own formatting rules.
 SP_ARTICLES = user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request
@@ -30,7 +53,7 @@
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object
-SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git
@@ -52,35 +75,36 @@
 
 DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
 
-DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
-DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
-DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
+DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
+DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
+DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
 
-prefix?=$(HOME)
-bindir?=$(prefix)/bin
-htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man
-man1dir=$(mandir)/man1
-man5dir=$(mandir)/man5
-man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
-# DESTDIR=
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info
+pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man5dir = $(mandir)/man5
+man7dir = $(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR =
 
 ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
 XMLTO = xmlto
 XMLTO_EXTRA =
-INSTALL?=install
+INSTALL ?= install
 RM ?= rm -f
 MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages
 HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs
 
-infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info
-MAKEINFO=makeinfo
-INSTALL_INFO=install-info
-DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi
-DBLATEX=dblatex
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO = install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX = dblatex
+ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex
 ifndef PERL_PATH
 	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
 endif
@@ -178,8 +202,6 @@
 
 html: $(DOC_HTML)
 
-$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
-
 man: man1 man5 man7
 man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
 man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
@@ -224,7 +246,11 @@
 #
 # Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
 #
-doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -248,21 +274,41 @@
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
 clean:
 	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
 	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
 	$(RM) *.pdf
 	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
 	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
-	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
 	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
 
-$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
 manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 	sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
 
@@ -270,7 +316,7 @@
 	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
 	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
 
-%.xml : %.txt
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
@@ -286,7 +332,7 @@
 	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
 
 technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
-$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
 		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
 
@@ -310,7 +356,7 @@
 
 user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
 	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl
@@ -348,8 +394,8 @@
 install-webdoc : html
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
 
-# You must have a clone of git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories
-# next to the git repository itself for the following to work.
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
 
 quick-install: quick-install-man
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
index 806a965..be68524 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
    not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail.
 
  * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin
-   since we stopped using the diff minimalization by default in v1.7.2
+   since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2
    era.
 
  * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
index a0d24d1..f0cfd02 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
 
  * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
-   claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+   claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
 
  * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
    "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
index cf3f455..7796df3 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 --------------------
 
  * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking
-   that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
+   that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
    mistake.
 
  * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val"
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
index e74f4ef..b9c66aa 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
  * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold)
    did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix.
 
- * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with
+ * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with
    native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly.
 
  * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might
-   be techinically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
+   be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
    to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository
    data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that
    follows a CR.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
index b4d90bb..2493113 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * Updates to bash completion scripts.
 
  * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed
-   dependency automatically when the complier supports it.
+   dependency automatically when the compiler supports it.
 
  * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes
    part and also has a colon between "hh:mm".
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple
    commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort".
 
- * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients
+ * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients
    using ERR packets when appropriate.
 
  * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon".
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cde07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git 1.8.1.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines in some corner cases.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * The "log --graph" codepath fell into infinite loop in some
+   corner cases.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a race that can lose new ones.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * Portability issues in many self-test scripts have been addressed.
+
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ab7b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Git 1.8.1.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.1
+--------------------
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * When users spelled "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681cb35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The fix for this in 1.8.1.2 had
+   performance degradations.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" did not replay a root commit to an unborn branch.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22af1d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git 1.8.1.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git imap-send" talking over imaps:// did make sure it received a
+   valid certificate from the other end, but did not check if the
+   certificate matched the host it thought it was talking to.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efa68ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Given a string with a multi-byte character that begins with '-' on
+   the command line where an option is expected, the option parser
+   used just one byte of the unknown letter when reporting an error.
+
+ * In v1.8.1, the attribute parser was tightened too restrictive to
+   error out upon seeing an entry that begins with an ! (exclamation),
+   which may confuse users to expect a "negative match", which does
+   not exist.  This has been demoted to a warning; such an entry is
+   still ignored.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes ended
+   up finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git help remote-helpers" failed to find the documentation.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c15cf2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git 1.8.1.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * When the "--prefix" option is used to "checkout-index", the code
+   did not pick the correct output filter based on the attribute
+   setting.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6f9555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+Git v1.8.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments to replace it.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.0
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Command-line completion scripts for tcsh and zsh have been added.
+
+ * "git-prompt" scriptlet (in contrib/completion) can be told to paint
+   pieces of the hints in the prompt string in colors.
+
+ * Some documentation pages that used to ship only in the plain text
+   format are now formatted in HTML as well.
+
+ * We used to have a workaround for a bug in ancient "less" that
+   causes it to exit without any output when the terminal is resized.
+   The bug has been fixed in "less" version 406 (June 2007), and the
+   workaround has been removed in this release.
+
+ * When "git checkout" checks out a branch, it tells the user how far
+   behind (or ahead) the new branch is relative to the remote tracking
+   branch it builds upon.  The message now also advises how to sync
+   them up by pushing or pulling.  This can be disabled with the
+   advice.statusHints configuration variable.
+
+ * "git config --get" used to diagnose presence of multiple
+   definitions of the same variable in the same configuration file as
+   an error, but it now applies the "last one wins" rule used by the
+   internal configuration logic.  Strictly speaking, this may be an
+   API regression but it is expected that nobody will notice it in
+   practice.
+
+ * A new configuration variable "diff.context" can be used to
+   give the default number of context lines in the patch output, to
+   override the hardcoded default of 3 lines.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned the "--notes=<ref>" option to give
+   notes for the commit after the three-dash lines in its output.
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" now looks for the <string> after applying
+   the textconv filter (if defined); earlier it inspected the contents
+   of the blobs without filtering.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pcre>" learned to honor the "grep.patterntype"
+   configuration set to "perl".
+
+ * "git replace -d <object>" now interprets <object> as an extended
+   SHA-1 (e.g. HEAD~4 is allowed), instead of only accepting full hex
+   object name.
+
+ * "git rm $submodule" used to punt on removing a submodule working
+   tree to avoid losing the repository embedded in it.  Because
+   recent git uses a mechanism to separate the submodule repository
+   from the submodule working tree, "git rm" learned to detect this
+   case and removes the submodule working tree when it is safe to do so.
+
+ * "git send-email" used to prompt for the sender address, even when
+   the committer identity is well specified (e.g. via user.name and
+   user.email configuration variables).  The command no longer gives
+   this prompt when not necessary.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not allow non-address garbage strings to
+   appear after addresses on Cc: lines in the patch files (and when
+   told to pick them up to find more recipients), e.g.
+
+     Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@k.org> # for v3.2 and up
+
+   The command now strips " # for v3.2 and up" part before adding the
+   remainder of this line to the list of recipients.
+
+ * "git submodule add" learned to add a new submodule at the same
+   path as the path where an unrelated submodule was bound to in an
+   existing revision via the "--name" option.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" learned the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * "diff.submodule" configuration variable can be used to give custom
+   default value to the "git diff --submodule" option.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "-d $symref" option to delete the
+   named symbolic ref, which is more intuitive way to spell it than
+   "update-ref -d --no-deref $symref".
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git cvsimport" can be told to record timezones (other than GMT)
+   per-author via its author info file.
+
+ * The remote helper interface to interact with subversion
+   repositories (one of the GSoC 2012 projects) has been merged.
+
+ * A new remote-helper interface for Mercurial has been added to
+   contrib/remote-helpers.
+
+ * The documentation for git(1) was pointing at a page at an external
+   site for the list of authors that no longer existed.  The link has
+   been updated to point at an alternative site.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Compilation on Cygwin with newer header files are supported now.
+
+ * A couple of low-level implementation updates on MinGW.
+
+ * The logic to generate the initial advertisement from "upload-pack"
+   (i.e. what is invoked by "git fetch" on the other side of the
+   connection) to list what refs are available in the repository has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The logic to find set of attributes that match a given path has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * Use preloadindex in "git diff-index" and "git update-index", which
+   has a nice speedup on systems with slow stat calls (and even on
+   Linux).
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Update "remote tracking branch" in the documentation to
+   "remote-tracking branch".
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptor to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * For a fetch refspec (or the result of applying wildcard on one),
+   we always want the RHS to map to something inside "refs/"
+   hierarchy, but the logic to check it was not exactly right.
+   (merge 5c08c1f jc/maint-fetch-tighten-refname-check later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Some HTTP servers ask for auth only during the actual packing phase
+   (not in ls-remote phase); this is not really a recommended
+   configuration, but the clients used to fail to authenticate with
+   such servers.
+   (merge 2e736fd jk/maint-http-half-auth-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic ref
+   that points to it did not remove it correctly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769a6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v1.8.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * Verification of signed tags were not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be used as a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those that match the given pattern.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" is treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii strings on the header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of it.
+
+ * "git archive" reports a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It would be more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. not overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segment in numeric order and non-numeric segment in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that are the common alternative
+   spellings of UTF-8.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters and issue errors in many cases.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit from sideways bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" had a typo in the logic to detect d/f conflicts,
+   which caused it to segfault in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..708df1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git v1.8.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and an
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied to a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * When receive-pack detects error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hang
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm=algo" was understood by the command line
+   parser, but "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" was not.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special case merging of tags.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can take more than one commit
+   on the command line these days, but it was not mentioned on the usage
+   text.
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (not redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   Later open may return file descriptor #2 for unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into them.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * "git diff/log --cc" did not work well with options that ignore
+   whitespace changes.
+
+ * Documentation on setting up a http server that requires
+   authentication only on the push but not fetch has been clarified.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without
+   any message as its one of the prerequisites.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6139482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.8.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a
+   huge problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these
+   names in error output.
+
+ * When "git difftool" drove "kdiff3", it mistakenly passed --auto
+   option that was meant while resolving merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git remote add" command did not diagnose extra command line
+   arguments as an error and silently ignored them.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc606ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Git v1.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (this release)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+"git push $there tag v1.2.3" used to allow replacing a tag v1.2.3
+that already exists in the repository $there, if the rewritten tag
+you are pushing points at a commit that is a descendant of a commit
+that the old tag v1.2.3 points at.  This was found to be error prone
+and starting with this release, any attempt to update an existing
+ref under refs/tags/ hierarchy will fail, without "--force".
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, the
+scope of the operation has always been limited to the subdirectory.
+Many users found this counter-intuitive, given that "git commit -a"
+and other commands operate on the entire tree regardless of where you
+are.  In this release, these commands give a warning message that
+suggests the users to use "git add -u/-A ." when they want to limit
+the scope to the current directory; doing so will squelch the message,
+while training their fingers.
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  There is a user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set it to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early,
+you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A", that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, these
+commands will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. Because there will be no
+mechanism to make "git add -u" behave as if "git add -u .", it is
+important for those who are used to "git add -u" (without pathspec)
+updating the index only for paths in the current subdirectory to start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." when they mean
+it before Git 2.0 comes.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.1
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Initial ports to QNX and z/OS UNIX System Services have started.
+
+ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is
+   questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme.
+
+ * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to
+   be more uniform and consistent.  The name of the system and the
+   concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git".
+   All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small
+   caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/completion) used to let the
+   default completer to suggest pathnames, which gave too many
+   irrelevant choices (e.g. "git add" would not want to add an
+   unmodified path).  It learnt to use a more git-aware logic to
+   enumerate only relevant ones.
+
+ * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read
+   mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these
+   tools in server settings.
+
+ * Color specifiers, e.g. "%C(blue)Hello%C(reset)", used in the
+   "--format=" option of "git log" and friends can be disabled when
+   the output is not sent to a terminal by prefixing them with
+   "auto,", e.g. "%C(auto,blue)Hello%C(auto,reset)".
+
+ * Scripts can ask Git that wildcard patterns in pathspecs they give do
+   not have any significance, i.e. take them as literal strings.
+
+ * The patterns in .gitignore and .gitattributes files can have **/,
+   as a pattern that matches 0 or more levels of subdirectory.
+   E.g. "foo/**/bar" matches "bar" in "foo" itself or in a
+   subdirectory of "foo".
+
+ * When giving arguments without "--" disambiguation, object names
+   that come earlier on the command line must not be interpretable as
+   pathspecs and pathspecs that come later on the command line must
+   not be interpretable as object names.  This disambiguation rule has
+   been tweaked so that ":/" (no other string before or after) is
+   always interpreted as a pathspec; "git cmd -- :/" is no longer
+   needed, you can just say "git cmd :/".
+
+ * Various "hint" lines Git gives when it asks the user to edit
+   messages in the editor are commented out with '#' by default. The
+   core.commentchar configuration variable can be used to customize
+   this '#' to a different character.
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A" without pathspec issues warning to
+   make users aware that they are only operating on paths inside the
+   subdirectory they are in.  Use ":/" (everything from the top) or
+   "." (everything from the $cwd) to disambiguate.
+
+ * "git blame" (and "git diff") learned the "--no-follow" option.
+
+ * "git branch" now rejects some nonsense combinations of command line
+   arguments (e.g. giving more than one branch name to rename) with
+   more case-specific error messages.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" command to help debugging .gitignore files has
+   been added.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" can be used to replay a root commit to an unborn
+   branch.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to use --cleanup=whitespace by setting the
+   configuration variable commit.cleanup to 'whitespace'.
+
+ * "git diff" and other Porcelain commands can be told to use a
+   non-standard algorithm by setting diff.algorithm configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * "git format-patch" now detects more cases in which a whole branch
+   is being exported, and uses the description for the branch, when
+   asked to write a cover letter for the series.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "-v $count" option, and prepends a
+   string "v$count-" to the names of its output files, and also
+   automatically sets the subject prefix to "PATCH v$count". This
+   allows patches from rerolled series to be stored under different
+   names and makes it easier to reuse cover letter messages.
+
+ * "git log" and friends can be told with --use-mailmap option to
+   rewrite the names and email addresses of people using the mailmap
+   mechanism.
+
+ * "git log --cc --graph" now shows the combined diff output with the
+   ancestry graph.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pattern>" honors i18n.logoutputencoding to look
+   for the pattern after fixing the log message to the specified
+   encoding.
+
+ * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learned to list the available
+   tool backends in a more consistent manner.
+
+ * "git mergetool" is aware of TortoiseGitMerge now and uses it over
+   TortoiseMerge when available.
+
+ * "git push" now requires "-f" to update a tag, even if it is a
+   fast-forward, as tags are meant to be fixed points.
+
+ * Error messages from "git push" when it stops to prevent remote refs
+   from getting overwritten by mistake have been improved to explain
+   various situations separately.
+
+ * "git push" will stop without doing anything if the new "pre-push"
+   hook exists and exits with a failure.
+
+ * When "git rebase" fails to generate patches to be applied (e.g. due
+   to oom), it failed to detect the failure and instead behaved as if
+   there were nothing to do.  A workaround to use a temporary file has
+   been applied, but we probably would want to revisit this later, as
+   it hurts the common case of not failing at all.
+
+ * Input and preconditions to "git reset" has been loosened where
+   appropriate.  "git reset $fromtree Makefile" requires $fromtree to
+   be any tree (it used to require it to be a commit), for example.
+   "git reset" (without options or parameters) used to error out when
+   you do not have any commits in your history, but it now gives you
+   an empty index (to match non-existent commit you are not even on).
+
+ * "git status" says what branch is being bisected or rebased when
+   able, not just "bisecting" or "rebasing".
+
+ * "git submodule" started learning a new mode to integrate with the
+   tip of the remote branch (as opposed to integrating with the commit
+   recorded in the superproject's gitlink).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" which implements the service "ls-remote" and
+   "fetch" talk to can be told to hide ref hierarchies the server
+   side internally uses (and that clients have no business learning
+   about) with transfer.hiderefs configuration.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git fast-export" has been updated for its use in the context of
+   the remote helper interface.
+
+ * A new remote helper to interact with bzr has been added to contrib/.
+
+ * "git p4" got various bugfixes around its branch handling.  It is
+   also made usable with Python 2.4/2.5.  In addition, its various
+   portability issues for Cygwin have been addressed.
+
+ * The remote helper to interact with Hg in contrib/ has seen a few
+   fixes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git fsck" has been taught to be pickier about entries in tree
+   objects that should not be there, e.g. ".", ".git", and "..".
+
+ * Matching paths with common forms of pathspecs that contain wildcard
+   characters has been optimized further.
+
+ * We stopped paying attention to $GIT_CONFIG environment that points
+   at a single configuration file from any command other than "git config"
+   quite a while ago, but "git clone" internally set, exported, and
+   then unexported the variable during its operation unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git reset" internals has been reworked and should be faster in
+   general. We tried to be careful not to break any behaviour but
+   there could be corner cases, especially when running the command
+   from a conflicted state, that we may have missed.
+
+ * The implementation of "imap-send" has been updated to reuse xml
+   quoting code from http-push codepath, and lost a lot of unused
+   code.
+
+ * There is a simple-minded checker for the test scripts in t/
+   directory to catch most common mistakes (it is not enabled by
+   default).
+
+ * You can build with USE_WILDMATCH=YesPlease to use a replacement
+   implementation of pattern matching logic used for pathname-like
+   things, e.g. refnames and paths in the repository.  This new
+   implementation is not expected change the existing behaviour of Git
+   in this release, except for "git for-each-ref" where you can now
+   say "refs/**/master" and match with both refs/heads/master and
+   refs/remotes/origin/master.  We plan to use this new implementation
+   in wider places (e.g. "git ls-files '**/Makefile' may find Makefile
+   at the top-level, and "git log '**/t*.sh'" may find commits that
+   touch a shell script whose name begins with "t" at any level) in
+   future versions of Git, but we are not there yet.  By building with
+   USE_WILDMATCH, using the resulting Git daily and reporting when you
+   find breakages, you can help us get closer to that goal.
+
+ * Some reimplementations of Git do not write all the stat info back
+   to the index due to their implementation limitations (e.g. jgit).
+   A configuration option can tell Git to ignore changes to most of
+   the stat fields and only pay attention to mtime and size, which
+   these implementations can reliably update.  This can be used to
+   avoid excessive revalidation of contents.
+
+ * Some platforms ship with old version of expat where xmlparse.h
+   needs to be included instead of expat.h; the build procedure has
+   been taught about this.
+
+ * "make clean" on platforms that cannot compute header dependencies
+   on the fly did not work with implementations of "rm" that do not
+   like an empty argument list.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+   (merge 0398fc34 pf/editor-ignore-sigint later to maint).
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The initial implementation of this that
+   was merged to 'maint' and 1.8.1.2 was with a severe performance
+   degradations and needs to merge a fix-up topic.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * "git archive" did not parse configuration values in tar.* namespace
+   correctly.
+   (merge b3873c3 jk/config-parsing-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes end up
+   finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth" was broken in at least three ways.  The
+   resulting history was deeper than specified by one commit, it was
+   unclear how to wipe the shallowness of the repository with the
+   command, and documentation was misleading.
+   (merge cfb70e1 nd/fetch-depth-is-broken later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --all -p" that walked refs/notes/textconv/ ref can later
+   try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * The --graph code fell into infinite loop when asked to do what the
+   code did not expect.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a nasty race.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit" computed who were involved in the work done
+   on the side branch, even though that information is to be discarded
+   without getting seen in the editor.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+ * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+ * Output from "git status --ignored" showed an unexpected interaction
+   with "--untracked".
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb"'s code to sanitize control characters before passing it to
+   "highlight" filter lost known-to-be-safe control characters by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * "git push" was taught to refuse updating the branch that is
+   currently checked out long time ago, but the user manual was left
+   stale.
+   (merge 50995ed wk/man-deny-current-branch-is-default-these-days later to maint).
+
+ * Some shells do not behave correctly when IFS is unset; work it
+   around by explicitly setting it to the default value.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+   (cherry-pick 96a4647fca54031974cd6ad1 later to maint).
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * The autoconf subsystem passed --mandir down to generated
+   config.mak.autogen but forgot to do the same for --htmldir.
+   (merge 55d9bf0 ct/autoconf-htmldir later to maint).
+
+ * A change made on v1.8.1.x maintenance track had a nasty regression
+   to break the build when autoconf is used.
+   (merge 7f1b697 jn/less-reconfigure later to maint).
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * t0050 had tests expecting failures from a bug that was fixed some
+   time ago.
+
+ * t4014, t9502 and t0200 tests had various portability issues that
+   broke on OpenBSD.
+
+ * t9020 and t3600 tests had various portability issues.
+
+ * t9200 runs "cvs init" on a directory that already exists, but a
+   platform can configure this fail for the current user (e.g. you
+   need to be in the cvsadmin group on NetBSD 6.0).
+
+ * t9020 and t9810 had a few non-portable shell script construct.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES could be a "logical" pathname
+   that uses a symbolic link to point at somewhere else (e.g. /home/me
+   that points at /net/host/export/home/me, and the latter directory
+   is automounted). Earlier when Git saw such a pathname e.g. /home/me
+   on this environment variable, the "ceiling" mechanism did not take
+   effect. With this release (the fix has also been merged to the
+   v1.8.1.x maintenance series), elements on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+   are by default checked for such aliasing coming from symbolic
+   links. As this needs to actually resolve symbolic links for each
+   element on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES, you can disable this
+   mechanism for some elements by listing them after an empty element
+   on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES. e.g. Setting /home/me::/home/him to
+   GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES makes Git resolve symbolic links in
+   /home/me when checking if the current directory is under /home/me,
+   but does not do so for /home/him.
+   (merge 7ec30aa mh/maint-ceil-absolute later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3ea18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. The check has been loosened.
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ae142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or
+   transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off
+   points of the shallow history to the process that validates the
+   objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ba4f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs
+   other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in v1.7.11.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch",
+   e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said
+   "branch ''" in the error messages.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+Also contains various minor documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f106e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test
+updates from the master front back to the maintenance track.
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with
+   only skipped ones.
+
+ * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time.
+
+ * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4.
+
+ * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working
+   tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a
+   content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to
+   locate and fix such problems without failing.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ead568e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+Git v1.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes only the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, and only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  Use the user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching"
+to keep the traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future
+early, you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.2
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interface
+
+ * remote-hg and remote-bzr helpers (in contrib/ since v1.8.2) have
+   been updated; especially, the latter has been done in an
+   accelerated schedule (read: we may not have merged to this release
+   if we were following the usual "cook sufficiently in next before
+   unleashing it to the world" workflow) in order to help Emacs folks,
+   whose primary SCM seems to be stagnating.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of updates applied to gitk, including an addition of
+   "revert" action, showing dates in tags in a nicer way, making
+   colors configurable, and support for -G'pickaxe' search.
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) learned to
+   show how many changes there are in total and how many have been
+   replayed during a "git rebase" session.
+
+ * "git branch --vv" learned to paint the name of the branch it
+   integrates with in a different color (color.branch.upstream,
+   which defaults to blue).
+
+ * In a sparsely populated working tree, "git checkout <pathspec>" no
+   longer unmarks paths that match the given pathspec that were
+   originally ignored with "--sparse" (use --ignore-skip-worktree-bits
+   option to resurrect these paths out of the index if you really want
+   to).
+
+ * "git log --format" specifier learned %C(auto) token that tells Git
+   to use color when interpolating %d (decoration), %h (short commit
+   object name), etc. for terminal output.
+
+ * "git bisect" leaves the final outcome as a comment in its bisect
+   log file.
+
+ * "git clone --reference" can now refer to a gitfile "textual symlink"
+   that points at the real location of the repository.
+
+ * "git count-objects" learned "--human-readable" aka "-H" option to
+   show various large numbers in Ki/Mi/GiB scaled as necessary.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $blob" and "git cherry-pick $tree" are nonsense,
+   and a more readable error message e.g. "can't cherry-pick a tree"
+   is given (we used to say "expected exactly one commit").
+
+ * The "--annotate" option to "git send-email" can be turned on (or
+   off) by default with sendemail.annotate configuration variable (you
+   can use --no-annotate from the command line to override it).
+
+ * The "--cover-letter" option to "git format-patch" can be turned on
+   (or off) by default with format.coverLetter configuration
+   variable. By setting it to 'auto', you can turn it on only for a
+   series with two or more patches.
+
+ * The bash completion support (in contrib/) learned that cherry-pick
+   takes a few more options than it already knew about.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-g" option to show the list of guides just like
+   list of commands are given with "-a".
+
+ * A triangular "pull from one place, push to another place" workflow
+   is supported better by new remote.pushdefault (overrides the
+   "origin" thing) and branch.*.pushremote (overrides the
+   branch.*.remote) configuration variables.
+
+ * "git status" learned to report that you are in the middle of a
+   revert session, just like it does for a cherry-pick and a bisect
+   session.
+
+ * The handling by "git branch --set-upstream-to" against various forms
+   of erroneous inputs was suboptimal and has been improved.
+
+ * When the interactive access to git-shell is not enabled, it issues
+   a message meant to help the system administrator to enable it.  An
+   explicit way has been added to issue custom messages to refuse an
+   access over the network to help the end users who connect to the
+   service expecting an interactive shell.
+
+ * In addition to the case where the user edits the log message with
+   the "e)dit" option of "am -i", replace the "Applying: this patch"
+   message with the final log message contents after applymsg hook
+   munges it.
+
+ * "git status" suggests users to look into using --untracked=no option
+   when it takes too long.
+
+ * "git status" shows a bit more information during a rebase/bisect
+   session.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned to fetch a commit at the tip of an unadvertised
+   ref by specifying a raw object name from the command line when the
+   server side supports this feature.
+
+ * Output from "git log --graph" works better with submodule log
+   output now.
+
+ * "git count-objects -v" learned to report leftover temporary
+   packfiles and other garbage in the object store.
+
+ * A new read-only credential helper (in contrib/) to interact with
+   the .netrc/.authinfo files has been added.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be used with the credential helper system.
+
+ * There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
+   this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
+   "submodule init".  "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned to pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * The new "--follow-tags" option tells "git push" to push relevant
+   annotated tags when pushing branches out.
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" can optionally be told to inspect and
+   reject when merging a commit that does not carry a trusted GPG
+   signature.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now feeds files to the "p4merge" backend in the
+   order that matches the p4 convention, where "theirs" is usually
+   shown on the left side, which is the opposite from what other backends
+   expect.
+
+ * "show/log" now honors gpg.program configuration just like other
+   parts of the code that use GnuPG.
+
+ * "git log" that shows the difference between the parent and the
+   child has been optimized somewhat.
+
+ * "git difftool" allows the user to write into the temporary files
+   being shown; if the user makes changes to the working tree at the
+   same time, it now refrains from overwriting the copy in the working
+   tree and leaves the temporary file so that changes can be merged
+   manually.
+
+ * There was no good way to ask "I have a random string that came from
+   outside world. I want to turn it into a 40-hex object name while
+   making sure such an object exists".  A new peeling suffix ^{object}
+   can be used for that purpose, together with "rev-parse --verify".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Updates for building under msvc.
+
+ * A handful of issues in the code that traverses the working tree to find
+   untracked and/or ignored files have been fixed, and the general
+   codepath involved in "status -u" and "clean" have been cleaned up
+   and optimized.
+
+ * The stack footprint of some codepaths that access an object from a
+   pack has been shrunk.
+
+ * The logic to coalesce the same lines removed from the parents in
+   the output from "diff -c/--cc" has been updated, but with O(n^2)
+   complexity, so this might turn out to be undesirable.
+
+ * The code to enforce permission bits on files in $GIT_DIR/ for
+   shared repositories has been simplified.
+
+ * A few codepaths know how much data they need to put in the
+   hashtables they use when they start, but still began with small tables
+   and repeatedly grew and rehashed them.
+
+ * The API to walk reflog entries from the latest to older, which was
+   necessary for operations such as "git checkout -", was cumbersome
+   to use correctly and also inefficient.
+
+ * Codepaths that inspect log-message-to-be and decide when to add a
+   new Signed-off-by line in various commands have been consolidated.
+
+ * The pkt-line API, implementation and its callers have been cleaned
+   up to make them more robust.
+
+ * The Cygwin port has a faster-but-lying lstat(2) emulation whose
+   incorrectness does not matter in practice except for a few
+   codepaths, and setting permission bits on directories is a codepath
+   that needs to use a more correct one.
+
+ * "git checkout" had repeated pathspec matches on the same paths,
+   which have been consolidated.  Also a bug in "git checkout dir/"
+   that is started from an unmerged index has been fixed.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Recent versions of File::Temp (used by "git svn") started blowing
+   up when its tempfile sub is called as a class method; updated the
+   callsite to call it as a plain vanilla function to fix it.
+   (merge eafc2dd hb/git-pm-tempfile later to maint).
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git remote" simply ignored extraneous
+   command line arguments instead of diagnosing them as errors.
+
+ * When receive-pack detects an error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hung
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that the '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and a
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * When "upload-pack" fails while generating a pack in response to
+   "git fetch" (or "git clone"), the receiving side had
+   a programming error that triggered the die handler
+   recursively.
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a huge
+   problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these names in
+   error output.
+
+ * Smart-capable HTTP servers were not restricted via the
+   GIT_NAMESPACE mechanism when talking with commit-walking clients,
+   like they are when talking with smart HTTP clients.
+   (merge 6130f86 jk/http-dumb-namespaces later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" did not omit a merge result that is identical to
+   the "our" side in certain cases.
+   (merge aacecc3 jk/merge-tree-added-identically later to maint).
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (instead of redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   A later open may return file descriptor #2 for an unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into it.
+
+ * "git show-branch" was not prepared to show a very long run of
+   ancestor operators e.g. foobar^2~2^2^2^2...^2~4 correctly.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" is also understood as "git diff
+   --diff-algorithm=algo".
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied in a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git bundle" erroneously bailed out when parsing a valid bundle
+   containing a prerequisite commit without a commit message.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor the --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * When used with the "-d temporary-directory" option, "git filter-branch"
+   failed to come back to the original working tree to perform the
+   final clean-up procedure.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special-case tag merging.
+
+ * Fix a 1.8.1.x regression that stopped matching "dir" (without a
+   trailing slash) to a directory "dir".
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) did not notice
+   when we are in a middle of a "git revert" session.
+
+ * "submodule summary --summary-limit" option did not support the
+   "--option=value" form.
+
+ * "index-pack --fix-thin" used an uninitialized value to compute
+   the delta depths of objects it appends to the resulting pack.
+
+ * "index-pack --verify-stat" used a few counters outside the protection
+   of a mutex, possibly showing incorrect numbers.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems could get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and would loop forever.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside the refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to ls-remote and fetch with recent versions of Git.
+
+ * Recent optimizations broke shallow clones.
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. neither overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git p4" did not behave well when the path to the root of the P4
+   client was not its real path.
+   (merge bbd8486 pw/p4-symlinked-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" reported a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It is more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii string in header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of the string.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" was treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", the REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those refs that match the given pattern.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to the pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit sideways, bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect to SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters.  It now issues errors in many cases.
+
+ * Verification of signed tags was not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that is a common alternative
+   spelling of UTF-8.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded an incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort the messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segments in numeric order and non-numeric segments in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aa25a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Git v1.8.4.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+ * Some old versions of bash do not grok some constructs like
+   'printf -v varname' which the prompt and completion code started
+   to use recently.  The completion and prompt scripts have been
+   adjusted to work better with these old versions of bash.
+
+ * In FreeBSD's and NetBSD's "sh", a return in a dot script in a
+   function returns from the function, not only in the dot script,
+   breaking "git rebase" on these platforms (regression introduced
+   in 1.8.4-rc1).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a
+   random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it
+   to come out literally.
+
+ * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty
+   "true" caused the configuration parser to segfault.
+
+ * Output from "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" looked strange
+   because comparison was done with the previous ancestor that
+   touched the specified <pathspec>, causing the patches for paths
+   outside the pathspec to show more than the single commit has
+   changed.
+
+ * The auto-tag-following code in "git fetch" tries to reuse the
+   same transport twice when the serving end does not cooperate and
+   does not give tags that point to commits that are asked for as
+   part of the primary transfer.  Unfortunately, Git-aware transport
+   helper interface is not designed to be used more than once, hence
+   this did not work over smart-http transfer.  Fixed.
+
+ * Send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a smaller but still
+   reasonably large chunks, which would improve the latency when the
+   operation needs to be killed and incidentally works around broken
+   64-bit systems that cannot take a 2GB write or read in one go.
+
+ * A ".mailmap" file that ends with an incomplete line, when read
+   from a blob, was not handled properly.
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow
+   tags.
+
+ * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error
+   string from a wrong place.
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop to cope with short
+   read in the codepath to stream large blobs to a pack.
+
+ * On platforms with fgetc() and friends defined as macros, the
+   configuration parser did not compile.
+
+ * New versions of MediaWiki introduced a new API for returning
+   more than 500 results in response to a query, which would cause
+   the MediaWiki remote helper to go into an infinite loop.
+
+ * Subversion's serf access method (the only one available in
+   Subversion 1.8) for http and https URLs in skelta mode tells its
+   caller to open multiple files at a time, which made "git svn
+   fetch" complain that "Temp file with moniker 'svn_delta' already
+   in use" instead of fetching.
+
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9adccb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Git v1.8.4.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git clone" gave some progress messages to the standard output, not
+   to the standard error, and did not allow suppressing them with the
+   "--no-progress" option.
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignore such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from.
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+
+ * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+
+ * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+
+ * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the
+   beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f3d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Git v1.8.4.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The interaction between use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; remote-hg remote helper (in contrib/)
+   forgot to unquote such a path.
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branches pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+
+ * We did not handle cases where http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines were less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   were coded in a way not supported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+
+ * We did not generate HTML version of documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+
+ * The synopsis section of "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with more
+   modern way.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bc4c5dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Git v1.8.4.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The fix in v1.8.4.3 to the pack transfer protocol to propagate
+   the target of symbolic refs broke "git clone/git fetch" from a
+   repository with too many symbolic refs. As a hotfix/workaround,
+   we transfer only the information on HEAD.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..215bd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.8.4.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Recent update to remote-hg that attempted to make it work better
+   with non ASCII pathnames fed Unicode strings to the underlying Hg
+   API, which was wrong.
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02f681b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+Git v1.8.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.3
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.
+
+ * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version.
+
+ * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the
+   credential helper interface from Git.pm.
+
+ * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
+   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it
+   ahead.
+
+ * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
+   been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also
+   imap(s) and smtp.
+
+ * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and
+   maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better.
+
+ * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to
+   update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side
+   does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do
+   --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now.
+
+ * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate,
+   when https:// connection failed.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the
+   contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a
+   MediaWiki remote.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement
+   "multimail" (in contrib/).
+
+ * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame"
+   to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes.
+
+ * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode.
+
+ * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
+   list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
+   (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  The meaning
+   of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of
+   what filtering will be applied to any other ref.
+
+   This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to
+   people's existing scripts.
+
+ * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been.  It
+   now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch".
+
+ * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames
+   and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many
+   built-in commands do.
+
+ * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its
+   tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0",
+   for example.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow
+   on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot
+   smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be
+   reported.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages
+   for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative.
+
+ * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
+   "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to
+   update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule
+   repositories shallowly.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the
+   "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the
+   command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author
+   information to an in-body From: header as necessary.
+
+ * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to
+   choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create
+   a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not
+   create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but
+   the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of
+   "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration"
+   correctly.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the
+   levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs,
+   so that it can be used as part of a larger installation.
+
+ * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to
+   behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking
+   information, when you push to a remote that is different from where
+   you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow).
+
+ * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
+   did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the
+   output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories
+   are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp.
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere
+   other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but
+   they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists
+   only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as
+   "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff.
+
+ * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report
+   multiple paths that cannot be removed.
+
+ * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits
+   to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins.
+
+ * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first
+   thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to
+   Git.  Now the variable defaults to "auto".
+
+ * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start
+   a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others).
+
+ * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
+   variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
+   with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).
+
+ * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string,
+   directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref
+   "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists.  This disambiguation order
+   is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just
+   like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same
+   name.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local
+   changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal
+   response was to stash them and re-run).  This introduced a corner
+   case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed.
+
+ * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work
+   more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes.
+
+ * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest
+   tagged commit search to the first-parent chain.
+
+ * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is
+   diagnosed with a more informative error message.
+
+ * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added.  This may
+   still have leaks and rough edges, though.
+
+ * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
+   of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
+   --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
+   "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing
+   function for expiry dates.
+
+ * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers.
+
+ * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email"
+   have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to
+   help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it
+   around for too long.  The message has finally been removed.
+
+ * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch"
+   did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early
+   design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches
+   predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more
+   convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a
+   chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which
+   already breaks the original "predictability" anyway.
+
+ * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the
+   documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead.
+   For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the
+   latter will be removed in the longer term.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is
+   allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of
+   the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite
+   us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show
+   breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native
+   lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now.
+
+ * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in
+   use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
+   (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).
+
+ * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob
+   objects is in.  This may help working in a bare repository and
+   submodule updates.
+
+ * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2)
+   algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
+   used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
+   still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
+   years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
+   unreachable.  The dead code has been removed.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have
+   been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which
+   has been tightened up.
+
+ * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after
+   deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read
+   it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause
+   us to barf.  The codepath has been updated to retry when such a
+   race is detected, instead of outright failing.
+
+ * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code,
+   matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few)
+   have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would
+   match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc.
+
+ * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to
+   its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so
+   make a copy if you want to keep it").
+
+ * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant
+   parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated.
+
+ * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other
+   codepaths) have been plugged.
+
+ * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not
+   have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object
+   name.  Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object
+   representation to have parsed wen reading from them.  These
+   codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access
+   patterns.
+
+ * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become
+   crowded, has been optimized.
+
+ * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
+   inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
+   to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.
+
+ * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure
+   that the history behind refs are complete.
+
+ * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been
+   squelched.
+
+ * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated,
+   correcting corner case bugs.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
+   the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
+   verification, so by default enable the verification with a
+   mechanism to turn it off if needed.
+   (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint).
+
+ * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file
+   descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2,
+   and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way.
+   (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses
+   in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single
+   character name.
+   (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint).
+
+ * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file
+   descriptor) correctly.
+   (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message
+   did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters.
+   (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint).
+
+ * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes
+   Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port.
+   This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given.
+   (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
+   set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
+   working tree files.
+   (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint).
+
+ * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
+   to be corrected.
+   (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the
+   temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles.
+   (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
+   counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
+   the user to an unexpected place.
+   (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented.
+   (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit
+   inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like
+   --refs=refs/tags/v*).
+   (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by
+   programs other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in
+   v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index, and this avoids it.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different
+   contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit,
+   apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index
+   entries, which has been plugged.
+   (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we
+   did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''".
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for
+   testing.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+ * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote
+   over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style.  This case is now
+   detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz".
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. Loosen the check.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7236aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.8.5.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5
+------------------
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ac4984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.5.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the
+   command line parser.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of
+   the named object.
+
+ * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write
+   a tree with an 0{40} object in it.
+
+ * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have
+   failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started
+   with the same byte value, due to a race condition.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3de2dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Git v1.8.5.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed
+   a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option
+   names.
+
+ * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a
+   new "gc" process from starting.
+
+ * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak to the
+   credential subsystem.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual
+   disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in
+   the same way.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not
+   behave very well.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db3b3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Git v1.8.5.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.4
+--------------------
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored.
+   Diagnose it as an error.
+
+ * Remote repository URL expressed in scp-style host:path notation are
+   parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks
+   to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1.
+
+ * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket
+   layer in "git send-email".
+
+ * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before
+   editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned
+   control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the
+   first modified path was a submodule.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for
+   keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could
+   cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a
+   rough estimate of how many is available and we do not even attempt
+   to use up all file descriptors available ourselves, it is nicer to
+   fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag
+   nicely.
+
+ * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree
+   used to emit an error.
+
+ * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit of the number of
+   parents for an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but
+   there was.
+
+ * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote
+   the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace.
+
+ * The documentation to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option
+   because it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge".
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..602df0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+Git v1.8.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.4
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * "git-svn" has been taught to use the serf library, which is the
+   only option SVN 1.8.0 offers us when talking the HTTP protocol.
+
+ * "git-svn" talking over an https:// connection using the serf library
+   dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses.  Work
+   around it on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed.
+
+ * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed
+   unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it.
+   Now we do.
+
+ * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg
+   repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there".
+
+ * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of
+   OpenSSL's.
+
+ * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of
+   the tree.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * xdg-open can be used as a browser backend for "git web-browse"
+   (hence to show "git help -w" output), when available.
+
+ * "git grep" and "git show" pay attention to the "--textconv" option
+   when these commands are told to operate on blob objects (e.g. "git
+   grep -e pattern --textconv HEAD:Makefile").
+
+ * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with
+   another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can
+   still manually craft such a replacement using "git update-ref", as an
+   escape hatch).
+
+ * "git status" no longer prints the dirty status information of
+   submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all".
+
+ * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet
+   for editing.
+
+ * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows which original commit is
+   being picked.
+
+ * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now,
+   e.g. "git log @".
+
+ * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git
+   status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect
+   on paths that are already tracked.  With the "--no-index" option, it
+   can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored
+   have been mistakenly added to the index.
+
+ * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status"
+   output have been removed from the commit log template.
+
+ * "update-refs" learned a "--stdin" option to read multiple update
+   requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion.
+
+ * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git
+   to go there before doing anything else.
+
+ * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out, and "git merge -"
+   knows to merge, the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick"
+   now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous
+   branch.
+
+ * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a
+   commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption.
+   Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use
+   "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier
+   to parse.
+
+ * The ref syntax "foo^{tag}" (with the literal string "{tag}") peels a
+   tag ref to itself, i.e. it's a no-op., and fails if
+   "foo" is not a tag.  "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" is
+   a more convenient way than "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag" to
+   check if v1.0 is a tag.
+
+ * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a
+   branch that is not based on any other branch, a branch that is in
+   sync with its upstream branch, and a branch that is configured with an
+   upstream branch that no longer exists.
+
+ * Earlier we started rejecting any attempt to add the 0{40} object name to
+   the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to
+   allow this to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such
+   broken tree objects.  "filter-branch" can again be used to do this.
+
+ * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger
+   than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed
+   integers on all platforms.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening
+   rebase.  You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" with
+   "git pull --rebase=preserve" or by
+   setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve".
+
+ * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer"
+   optimization.
+
+ * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" (matches both Makefile
+   and makefile) and ":(glob)foo/**/bar" (matches "bar" in "foo"
+   and any subdirectory of "foo") can be used in more places.
+
+ * The "http.*" variables can now be specified for individual URLs.
+   For example,
+
+   [http]
+       sslVerify = true
+   [http "https://weak.example.com/"]
+       sslVerify = false
+
+   would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specific
+   site.
+
+ * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule has been taught to
+   relocate the submodule's working tree and to adjust the paths in the
+   .gitmodules file.
+
+ * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the
+   origin of multiple blocks of lines.
+
+ * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies
+   with the http.savecookies configuration variable.
+
+ * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt
+   "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the
+   "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take
+   lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show
+   everything but these classes".  "git diff-files -q" is now a
+   deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d".
+
+ * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check
+   "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and
+   to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given.
+
+ * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input
+   (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the
+   option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and
+   output side the same way.
+
+ * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of
+   it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time
+   wondering what the difference is between it and "git log".  Make it
+   less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain
+   that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in
+   its own document.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" when asking for merely the object name does not
+   have to parse the object pointed at by the refs; the codepath has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The HTTP transport will try to use TCP keepalive when able.
+
+ * "git repack" is now written in C.
+
+ * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated.
+
+ * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we
+   should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we
+   apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat.
+
+ * Many commands use a --dashed-option as an operation mode selector
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete") that excludes other operation modes
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is nonsense) and that cannot be
+   negated (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is nonsense).  The parse-options
+   API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement
+   such a set of options.
+
+ * OPT_BOOLEAN() in the parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting
+   up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update
+   them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean.
+
+ * "git gc" exits early without doing any work when it detects
+   that another instance of itself is already running.
+
+ * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to
+   close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandles to
+   open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately
+   to better cope with the load.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes for
+details).
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with a more
+   modern way.
+   (merge 6d52bc3 sc/doc-howto-dumb-http later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between the use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+   (merge f8fc0ee jn/test-prereq-perl-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The synopsis section of the "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+   (merge 61e2e22 vd/doc-unpack-objects later to maint).
+
+ * We did not generate the HTML version of the documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+   (merge 95c62fb jk/subtree-install-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; the remote-hg remote helper forgot to unquote
+   such a path.
+   (merge 1136265 ap/remote-hg-unquote-cquote later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset -p HEAD" has a codepath to special-case it to behave
+   differently from resetting to contents of other commits, but a
+   recent change broke it.
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+   (merge 339c17b hn/log-graph-color-octopus later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+   (merge bca3969 mm/checkout-auto-track-fix later to maint).
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branch pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+   (merge 360a326 jc/upload-pack-send-symref later to maint).
+
+ * We did not handle cases where the http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+   (merge 70900ed jk/http-auth-redirects later to maint).
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   was coded in a way unsupported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+   (merge 52ec889 sg/prompt-svn-remote-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines was less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+   (merge 03818a4 jk/split-broken-ident later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave the v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+   (merge 895c5ba jc/revision-range-unpeel later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone" wrote some progress messages to standard output, not
+   to standard error, and did not suppress them with the
+   --no-progress option.
+   (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint).
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit an unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+   (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint).
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignores such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+   (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+   (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint).
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+   (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 that triggered a
+   bug in some BSD shell implementations.
+   (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking.
+   (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint).
+
+ * When the web server responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+   (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint).
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+   (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint).
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+   (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When send-email obtains an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string
+   from a wrong place.
+   (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has some crippling code to work around an
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+   (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint).
+
+ * We made sure that we notice when the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+   (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint).
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and the
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+   (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+   (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+   (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint).
+
+ * The shortened commit object names in the insn sheet that is prepared at the
+   beginning of a "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+   (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect left the merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing there is no need for the merge summary.
+   (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint).
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop around it to cope with short
+   reads in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack.
+   (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character is
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+   (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the
+   mailmap file ended with an incomplete line.
+   (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single
+   system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when
+   the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on
+   broken 64-bit systems that refuse to read or write more than 2GB
+   in one go.
+   (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the
+   connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::"
+   helper shipped with Git).
+   (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths
+   outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing
+   the change relative to the parent of the commit.  "git reflog -p"
+   had a similar problem.
+   (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint).
+
+ * Setting a submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without
+   giving "= value") caused Git to segfault.
+   (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty
+   generic) fed a random, data dependent string to 'echo' and
+   expected it to come out literally, corrupting its error message.
+   (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint).
+
+ * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot
+   grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and
+   completion code started to use recently.
+   (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on
+   platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros.
+   (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3).
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags.
+   (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3).
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index c34c9d1..e6d46ed 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,73 +1,5 @@
-Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
-
-	Commits:
-
-	- make commits of logical units
-	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
-	  before committing
-	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
-	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
-	  description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION
-	  in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop
-	- it is also conventional in most cases to prefix the
-	  first line with "area: " where the area is a filename
-	  or identifier for the general area of the code being
-	  modified, e.g.
-	  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
-	  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
-	  (if in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges"
-	  on the files you are modifying to see the current conventions)
-	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
-	  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what
-	    is wrong with the current code without the change.
-	  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why
-	    the result with the change is better.
-	  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
-	- describe changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
-	  instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed
-	  xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase
-	  to change its behaviour.
-	- try to make sure your explanation can be understood without
-	  external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
-	  archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
-	- add a "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
-	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when committing)
-	  to confirm that you agree to the Developer's Certificate of Origin
-	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
-	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
-
-	Patch:
-
-	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
-	- do not PGP sign your patch
-	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
-	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
-	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
-	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
-	  corrupt whitespaces.
-	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
-	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
-	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
-	  make some other user interface change, the associated
-	  documentation should be updated as well.
-	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
-	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
-	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
-	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
-	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
-	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
-	- see below for instructions specific to your mailer
-
-Long version:
-
-I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
-kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
-it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
-doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
-
-But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
-here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
-thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
+to this software.
 
 (0) Decide what to base your work on.
 
@@ -94,6 +26,10 @@
    wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
    rebase your work.
 
+ - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+   repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below).  Changes to
+   these parts should be based on their trees.
+
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
 master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
@@ -121,36 +57,101 @@
 differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things
 to have.
 
-Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
+Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing.
+
+When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
+the feature triggers the new behaviour when it should, and to show the
+feature does not trigger when it shouldn't.  Also make sure that the
+test suite passes after your commit.  Do not forget to update the
+documentation to describe the updated behaviour.
+
+Speaking of the documentation, it is currently a liberal mixture of US
+and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat
+unfortunate.  A huge patch that touches the files all over the place
+only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though.  Potential
+clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not
+worth it.  We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in
+favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a
+side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g.
+rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to
+en_US).  Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh ->
+"the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from
+other documentation changes.
+
+Oh, another thing.  We are picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
 in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
 run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
-(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
+(2) Describe your changes well.
 
-git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
+The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
+should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
+prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
+identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
+
+  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
+  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
+
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+
+The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
+
+  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong
+    with the current code without the change.
+
+  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the
+    result with the change is better.
+
+  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
+
+Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
+instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
+to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
+its behaviour.  Try to make sure your explanation can be understood
+without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
+archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
+
+
+(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
+
+Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
 
 You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
 "git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
 receiving end can handle them just fine.
 
-Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
-which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
+or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
+is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
 your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
 sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
 branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
 that is fine, but please mark it as such.
 
 
-(3) Sending your patches.
+(4) Sending your patches.
 
-People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and
 comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
 a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
 e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
-your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
-"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+your code.  For this reason, each patch should be submitted
+"inline" in a separate message.
+
+Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail
+thread to help readers find all parts of the series.  To that end,
+send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message
+(see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch.
+
+If your log message (including your name on the
+Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+
+WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
 corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
 lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
 
@@ -174,7 +175,8 @@
 
 You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
 other than the commit message itself.  Place such "cover letter"
-material between the three dash lines and the diffstat.
+material between the three dash lines and the diffstat. Git-notes
+can also be inserted using the `--notes` option.
 
 Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
 Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable.  Do not let
@@ -202,23 +204,29 @@
 that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
 not a text/plain, it's something else.
 
-Unless your patch is a very trivial and an obviously correct one,
-first send it with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
+Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
 people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
 "git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
-identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.  After the list
-reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send
-it with "To:" set to the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
-inclusion.  Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:",
-"Reviewed-by:" and "Tested-by:" after your "Signed-off-by:" line as
-necessary.
+identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+
+After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
+list [*2*] for inclusion.
+
+Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
+"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+patch.
+
+    [Addresses]
+     *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
+     *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
 
 
-(4) Sign your work
+(5) Sign your work
 
 To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
 "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
-that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+that are being emailed around.  Although core Git is a lot
 smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
 
 The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@
 
 	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
 
-This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
 command with the -s option.
 
 Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
@@ -285,6 +293,26 @@
 such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 
 ------------------------------------------------
+Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+
+Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+repositories.
+
+ - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+
+        git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+ - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+
+        git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+
+ - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+
+	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
+
+------------------------------------------------
 An ideal patch flow
 
 Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
@@ -329,7 +357,7 @@
   tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
-* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
   entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
   the status of various proposed changes.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index 1273a85..2c16c53 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
 #
-# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# Show Git link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
 # the command.
 
 [macros]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index d4a51da..0cebc4f 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -10,27 +10,14 @@
 	Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
 
 -L <start>,<end>::
-	Annotate only the given line range.  <start> and <end> can take
-	one of these forms:
-
-	- number
+-L :<regex>::
+	Annotate only the given line range. May be specified multiple times.
+	Overlapping ranges are allowed.
 +
-If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
-absolute line number (lines count from 1).
+<start> and <end> are optional. ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from
+<start> to end of file. ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>.
 +
-
-- /regex/
-+
-This form will use the first line matching the given
-POSIX regex.  If <end> is a regex, it will search
-starting at the line given by <start>.
-+
-
-- +offset or -offset
-+
-This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
-of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
-+
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
 
 -l::
 	Show long rev (Default: off).
@@ -95,7 +82,7 @@
 	running extra passes of inspection.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. The default value is 20.
 
@@ -110,7 +97,7 @@
 	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one
 `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
index 828ec62..87437f8 100755
--- a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		push @menu, $1;
 	}
 	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	s/\@anchor\{[^{}]*\}//g;
 	print TMP;
 }
 close TMP;
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index d1de857..ab26963 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
 
-The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
 
-The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
 the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
 dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
@@ -140,10 +140,12 @@
 	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
 +
 --
-	pushNonFastForward::
+	pushUpdateRejected::
 		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
-		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault', and
-		'pushNonFFMatching' simultaneously.
+		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
 	pushNonFFCurrent::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
 		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
@@ -158,16 +160,33 @@
 		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
 		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
 		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
 	statusHints::
 		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
-		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1] and in
+		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
 		the template shown when writing commit messages in
-		linkgit:git-commit[1].
+		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
+		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
 		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 	resolveConflict::
-		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
 		prevent the operation from being performed.
 	implicitIdentity::
 		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
@@ -180,6 +199,9 @@
 	amWorkDir::
 		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
 		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
+	rmHints::
+		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
+		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
 --
 
 core.fileMode::
@@ -191,22 +213,11 @@
 will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
 repository is created.
 
-core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
-	This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false,
-	the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful
-	if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in
-	one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API
-	whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to
-	handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than
-	normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode
-	is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
-	POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
-
 core.ignorecase::
 	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
-	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
 	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
-	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	"makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
 	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
 	"Makefile".
 +
@@ -215,13 +226,13 @@
 is created.
 
 core.precomposeunicode::
-	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git.
-	When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeunicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
 	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
 	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
-	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7).
-	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git,
-	which is backward compatible with older versions of git.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
 
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
@@ -230,6 +241,12 @@
 	crawlers and some backup systems).
 	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
 
+core.checkstat::
+	Determines which stat fields to match between the index
+	and work tree. The user can set this to 'default' or
+	'minimal'. Default (or explicitly 'default'), is to check
+	all fields, including the sub-second part of mtime and ctime.
+
 core.quotepath::
 	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
 	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
@@ -251,20 +268,20 @@
 	conversion.
 
 core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
 	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
 	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
 	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
 	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
 	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
 	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
 +
 CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
 CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
 files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
 such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
 But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
@@ -274,7 +291,7 @@
 setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
 after committing you still have the original file in your work
 tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
 appropriately.
 +
 Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
@@ -319,7 +336,7 @@
 core.gitProxy::
 	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
 	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
 	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
 	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
 	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
@@ -378,7 +395,7 @@
 file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
 from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
 core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
 still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
 confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
 read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
@@ -387,7 +404,7 @@
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
 	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
-	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
 	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
 	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
 	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
@@ -410,7 +427,7 @@
 	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
 	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
 	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
 	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
 	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
 	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
@@ -421,8 +438,8 @@
 	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
 
 core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
 
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
@@ -493,7 +510,7 @@
 
 core.excludesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
+	'.git/info/exclude', Git looks into this file for patterns
 	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "`~/`" is expanded
 	to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's
 	home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore.
@@ -511,7 +528,7 @@
 
 core.attributesfile::
 	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
 	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
 	way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is
 	$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not
@@ -523,29 +540,33 @@
 	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
 	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
 
+core.commentchar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
+
 sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase insn file.
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
 	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
 	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
 	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
 
 core.pager::
-	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
-	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
-	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
-	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
-	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
-	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
-	these settings can be overridden on a project or
-	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
-	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
-	to override git's default settings this way, you need
-	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
-	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
-	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+	compile time (usually 'less').
++
+When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRSX`
+(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
+all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
+for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -+S`.  This will
+be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
+command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. The environment tells the command
+to set the `S` option to chop long lines but the command line
+resets it to the default to fold long lines.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
@@ -573,7 +594,7 @@
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
 * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
 core.fsyncobjectfiles::
@@ -589,7 +610,7 @@
 +
 This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
 on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', Git will do the
 index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
 overlapping IO's.
 
@@ -625,9 +646,9 @@
 add.ignoreErrors::
 	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
 	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of git accept only
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of Git accept only
 	`add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming
-	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of git
+	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of Git
 	honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well.
 
 alias.*::
@@ -635,7 +656,7 @@
 	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
 	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
 	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
@@ -682,7 +703,7 @@
 
 branch.autosetuprebase::
 	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
 	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
 	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
@@ -696,9 +717,24 @@
 	This option defaults to never.
 
 branch.<name>.remote::
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
-	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
-	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushdefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushremote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushdefault` for pushing.
+	Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository
+	(a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below.
+
+branch.<name>.pushremote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushdefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushdefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
 
 branch.<name>.merge::
 	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
@@ -715,8 +751,8 @@
 	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
 	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
 	another branch in the local repository, you can point
-	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting
-	`.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path
+	setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
 
 branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
@@ -730,10 +766,20 @@
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
 
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
+
 browser.<tool>.cmd::
 	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
 	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
@@ -745,8 +791,8 @@
 	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
 
 clean.requireForce::
-	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f
-	or -n.   Defaults to true.
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
+	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
 
 color.branch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
@@ -757,7 +803,8 @@
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
 	refs).
 +
 The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
@@ -825,16 +872,17 @@
 
 color.interactive::
 	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
-	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive").
-	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
-	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
+	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
+	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
+	to the terminal. Defaults to false.
 
 color.interactive.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
-	output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
-	four distinct types of normal output from interactive
-	commands.  The values of these variables may be specified as
-	in color.branch.<slot>.
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
+	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
+	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
+	interactive commands.  The values of these variables may be
+	specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
 
 color.pager::
 	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
@@ -857,7 +905,7 @@
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
 	`branch` (the current branch), or
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
 	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
@@ -868,17 +916,21 @@
 	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
 	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
 	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
-	to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine
-	consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such
-	output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or
-	`never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled
-	explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option.
+	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
+	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
+	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
+	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
+	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
+	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
 
 column.ui::
 	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
 	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
 	or commas:
 +
+These options control when the feature should be enabled
+(defaults to 'never'):
++
 --
 `always`;;
 	always show in columns
@@ -886,24 +938,39 @@
 	never show in columns
 `auto`;;
 	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
+--
++
+These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
+of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
+specified.
++
+--
 `column`;;
-	fill columns before rows (default)
+	fill columns before rows
 `row`;;
 	fill rows before columns
 `plain`;;
 	show in one column
+--
++
+Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
+to 'nodense'):
++
+--
 `dense`;;
 	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
 `nodense`;;
 	make equal size columns
 --
-+
-This option defaults to 'never'.
 
 column.branch::
 	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
 
+column.clean::
+	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
+	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
+
 column.status::
 	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
@@ -912,6 +979,15 @@
 	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
 	See `column.ui` for details.
 
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
 commit.status::
 	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
@@ -979,7 +1055,7 @@
 	is used instead.
 
 fetch.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
 	transfer is below this
 	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
 	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
@@ -989,6 +1065,10 @@
 	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
 	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
 
+fetch.prune::
+	If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
+	option was given on the command line.  See also `remote.<name>.prune`.
+
 format.attach::
 	Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for
 	'format-patch'.  The value can also be a double quoted string
@@ -1019,7 +1099,7 @@
 
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
-	the git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
+	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
 	Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress
 	signature generation.
 
@@ -1044,11 +1124,16 @@
 	value disables threading.
 
 format.signoff::
-    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
-    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
-    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
-    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
-    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+	format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+	patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+	the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+	Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+format.coverLetter::
+	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
+	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
+	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
 
 filter.<driver>.clean::
 	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
@@ -1132,7 +1217,7 @@
 gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
-	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
+	the attributes force Git to treat a file as text,
 	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
@@ -1152,7 +1237,7 @@
 
 gitcvs.dbname::
 	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
-	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
 	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
 	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
@@ -1160,7 +1245,7 @@
 
 gitcvs.dbdriver::
 	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
-        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
 	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
 	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
@@ -1350,6 +1435,12 @@
 	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
 	This is the default.
 
+help.htmlpath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
+
 http.proxy::
 	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
 	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see
@@ -1358,11 +1449,15 @@
 
 http.cookiefile::
 	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
-	in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
 	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
 	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]).
 	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as
-	input. No cookies will be stored in the file.
+	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
+
+http.savecookies::
+	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
+	http.cookiefile. Has no effect if http.cookiefile is unset.
 
 http.sslVerify::
 	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
@@ -1380,7 +1475,7 @@
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
 	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
 	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
 	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
@@ -1395,6 +1490,14 @@
 	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
 
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
+
 http.maxRequests::
 	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
@@ -1427,15 +1530,60 @@
 
 http.useragent::
 	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
 	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
 	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
 	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
 	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
 
+http.<url>.*::
+	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some urls.
+	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
+	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
++
+--
+. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
+  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
+  default for the scheme before matching.
+
+. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
+  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
+  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
+  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
+  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
+  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
+  key with just path `foo/`).
+
+. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
+  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
+  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
+  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
+  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
+--
++
+The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
+a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
+if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
+`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
+`https://user@example.com`.
++
+All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
+if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
+equivalent urls that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
+Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The urls that are
+matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
+visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
+
 i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
 	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
 	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
@@ -1508,6 +1656,10 @@
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
 
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
+
 mailmap.file::
 	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
 	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
@@ -1516,6 +1668,14 @@
 	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
 
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
+
 man.viewer::
 	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
 	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
@@ -1561,7 +1721,7 @@
 	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
 
 mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
 	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
 	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
 	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
@@ -1589,7 +1749,7 @@
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
 	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
 	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
 	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
@@ -1669,7 +1829,7 @@
 	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
 	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 pack.indexVersion::
@@ -1681,11 +1841,11 @@
 	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
 	larger than 2 GB.
 +
-If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
 cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
 that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
 other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
 you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
 the `*.idx` file.
 
@@ -1700,7 +1860,7 @@
 
 pager.<cmd>::
 	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
 	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
 	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
 	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
@@ -1723,6 +1883,10 @@
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
@@ -1735,38 +1899,59 @@
 	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
 
 push.default::
-	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
-	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
-	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
-	line. Possible values are:
+	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
+	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
+	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
+	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
+	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
 +
 --
-* `nothing` - do not push anything.
-* `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends.
-  This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable
-  shape and then push them out with a single command.  It is not
-  appropriate for pushing into a repository shared by multiple users,
-  since locally stalled branches will attempt a non-fast forward push
-  if other users updated the branch.
-  +
-  This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default
-  to `simple`.
-* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch.
-  With this, `git push` will update the same remote ref as the one which
-  is merged by `git pull`, making `push` and `pull` symmetrical.
-  See "branch.<name>.merge" for how to configure the upstream branch.
-* `simple` - like `upstream`, but refuses to push if the upstream
-  branch's name is different from the local one. This is the safest
-  option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default
-  in Git 2.0.
-* `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
---
+
+* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
+  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
+
+* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
+  name on the receiving end.  Works in both central and non-central
+  workflows.
+
+* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose
+  changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
+  called `@{upstream}`).  This mode only makes sense if you are
+  pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
+  (i.e. central workflow).
+
+* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an
+  added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is
+  different from the local one.
 +
-The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to
-push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other
-branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with
-other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want
-to use one of these.
+When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally
+pull from, work as `current`.  This is the safest option and is suited
+for beginners.
++
+This mode will become the default in Git 2.0.
+
+* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends.
+  This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
+  branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint'
+  and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push
+  to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and
+  'master' will be pushed there).
++
+To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the
+branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
+running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you
+to push all of the branches in one go.  If you usually finish work
+on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are
+unfinished, this mode is not for you.  Also this mode is not
+suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other
+people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing
+branches outside your control.
++
+This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default
+to `simple`.
+
+--
 
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
@@ -1775,6 +1960,14 @@
 rebase.autosquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autostash::
+	When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash
+	before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
+	ends.  This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
+	However, use with care: the final stash application after a
+	successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 receive.autogc::
 	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
 	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
@@ -1820,10 +2013,24 @@
 	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
 	set when initializing a shared repository.
 
+receive.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git
+	push`, and an attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by
+	`git push` is rejected.
+
 receive.updateserverinfo::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
 	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
 
+remote.pushdefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushremote` for specific branches.
+
 remote.<name>.url::
 	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1875,9 +2082,15 @@
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
 	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
 
+remote.<name>.prune::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any remote-tracking branches which no longer exist on the
+	remote (as if the `--prune` option was give on the command line).
+	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+
 remotes.<group>::
 	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
 	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
@@ -1885,9 +2098,9 @@
 repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
 	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
 	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
 	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
 	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
 
 rerere.autoupdate::
@@ -1916,6 +2129,10 @@
 sendemail.smtpssl::
 	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'.
 
+sendemail.smtpsslcertpath::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
+
 sendemail.<identity>.*::
 	Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters
 	found below, taking precedence over those when the this
@@ -1924,6 +2141,7 @@
 
 sendemail.aliasesfile::
 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.annotate::
 sendemail.bcc::
 sendemail.cc::
 sendemail.cccmd::
@@ -1956,9 +2174,24 @@
 status.relativePaths::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
 	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
 	prior to v1.5.4).
 
+status.short::
+	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.branch::
+	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.displayCommentPrefix::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
+	prefix before each output line (starting with
+	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
+	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 status.showUntrackedFiles::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
 	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
@@ -1983,7 +2216,14 @@
 	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
 	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
 	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
-	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
+	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
+	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To
+	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
+	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git
+	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
+	not honor these settings.
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
 submodule.<name>.url::
@@ -1994,6 +2234,12 @@
 	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
 	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	The remote branch name for a submodule, used by `git submodule
+	update --remote`.  Set this option to override the value found in
+	the `.gitmodules` file.  See linkgit:git-submodule[1] and
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
@@ -2012,7 +2258,8 @@
 	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
 	This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule,
 	both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodules" option.
+	"--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 tar.umask::
 	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
@@ -2026,18 +2273,49 @@
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	Defaults to false.
 
+transfer.hiderefs::
+	This variable can be used to set both `receive.hiderefs`
+	and `uploadpack.hiderefs` at the same time to the same
+	values.  See entries for these other variables.
+
 transfer.unpackLimit::
 	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	The default value is 100.
 
+uploadpack.hiderefs::
+	String(s) `upload-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden from `git ls-remote`,
+	`git fetch`, etc.  An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git
+	fetch` will fail.  See also `uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant::
+	When `uploadpack.hiderefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	see also `uploadpack.hiderefs`.
+
+uploadpack.keepalive::
+	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
+	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
+	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
+	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
+	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
+	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
+	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
+	`uploadpack.keepalive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
+	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
+
 url.<base>.insteadOf::
 	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
 	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
 	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, and some users need to use different access
 	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
 	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
@@ -2048,11 +2326,11 @@
 	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
 	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
 	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
 	setting for that remote.
 
 user.email::
@@ -2066,11 +2344,11 @@
 	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 user.signingkey::
-	If linkgit:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to
-	automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the
-	default selection with this variable.  This option is passed
-	unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key
-	using any method that gpg supports.
+	If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the
+	key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or
+	commit, you can override the default selection with this variable.
+	This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter,
+	so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports.
 
 web.browser::
 	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/date-formats.txt b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
index c000f08..ccd1fc8 100644
--- a/Documentation/date-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 support the following date formats:
 
 Git internal format::
-	It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix
+	It is `<unix timestamp> <time zone offset>`, where `<unix
 	timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
-	`<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
+	`<time zone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
 	For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`.
 
 RFC 2822::
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index c2b94f9..223b931 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
 	Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies
 	to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch.
 
+diff.context::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the default
+	of 3. This value is overridden by the -U option.
+
 diff.external::
 	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
 	performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the
@@ -69,7 +73,11 @@
 	Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this
 	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff'
 	commands such as 'git diff-files'. 'git checkout' also honors
-	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes.
+	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to
+	'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit'
+	and 'git status' when 'status.submodulesummary' is set unless it is
+	overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command line option.
+	The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting.
 
 diff.mnemonicprefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
@@ -95,7 +103,7 @@
 	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
 
 diff.renames::
-	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
+	Tells Git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
 	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
 	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
 
@@ -103,6 +111,13 @@
 	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
 	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
 
+diff.submodule::
+	Specify the format in which differences in submodules are
+	shown.  The "log" format lists the commits in the range like
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.  The "short" format
+	format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning
+	and end of the range.  Defaults to short.
+
 diff.wordRegex::
 	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
 	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
@@ -138,9 +153,27 @@
 	conversion outputs.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 diff.tool::
-	The diff tool to be used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].  This
-	option overrides `merge.tool`, and has the same valid built-in
-	values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge" and plus
-	"kompare".  Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool,
-	and there must be a corresponding `difftool.<tool>.cmd`
-	option.
+	Controls which diff tool is used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].
+	This variable overrides the value configured in `merge.tool`.
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool and requires
+	that a corresponding difftool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+
+diff.algorithm::
+	Choose a diff algorithm.  The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 1fb6f2d..bbed2cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
 	{git-diff? This is the default.}
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
+-s::
+--no-patch::
+	Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that
+	show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`.
+
 -U<n>::
 --unified=<n>::
 	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
@@ -55,6 +60,26 @@
 --histogram::
 	Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
 
+--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
+	Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
+For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
+non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
+have to use `--diff-algorithm=default` option.
+
 --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
 	Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
 	will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
@@ -170,12 +195,13 @@
 	the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.
 	Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`,
 	uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits
-	at the beginning and end of the range.
+	at the beginning and end of the range.  Can be tweaked via the
+	`diff.submodule` configuration variable.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Show colored diff.
-	The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
-	The default value is `never`.
+	`--color` (i.e. without '=<when>') is the same as `--color=always`.
+	'<when>' can be one of `always`, `never`, or `auto`.
 ifdef::git-diff[]
 	It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
 	configuration settings.
@@ -282,7 +308,7 @@
 single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
 everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
 option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
-original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
+original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
 rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
 deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
 +
@@ -306,13 +332,13 @@
 endif::git-log[]
 	If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
 	index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
-	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
+	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a
 	delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
 	hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
 	a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
 	0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
 	the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
-	`-M100%`.
+	`-M100%`.  The default similarity index is 50%.
 
 -C[<n>]::
 --find-copies[=<n>]::
@@ -362,14 +388,36 @@
 	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
 
 -S<string>::
-	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
-	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
-	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
-	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+	Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+	the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
+	Intended for the scripter's use.
++
+It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a
+struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
+came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
+block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the
+very first version of the block.
 
 -G<regex>::
-	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
-	the given <regex>.
+	Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
+	lines that match <regex>.
++
+To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
+`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
+file:
++
+----
++    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+...
+-    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+----
++
+While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+occurrences of that string did not change).
++
+See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
+information.
 
 --pickaxe-all::
 	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
@@ -377,8 +425,8 @@
 	in <string>.
 
 --pickaxe-regex::
-	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
-	regex to match.
+	Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
+	expression to match.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -O<orderfile>::
@@ -418,6 +466,9 @@
 	differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
 	line has none.
 
+--ignore-blank-lines::
+	Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
+
 --inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
 	Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
 	of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
@@ -459,7 +510,7 @@
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
 	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
 	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
 	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt
index 048337b..2a18c1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
 ===================================
 
 <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 <<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
 administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
-of git repositories.
+of Git repositories.
 
 
 Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 +
 <1> create a new topic branch.
 <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
-<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
 <4> to see what changes you are committing.
 <5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
-My typical GIT day.::
+My typical Git day.::
 +
 ------------
 $ git status <1>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
   * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
     for shared central repository users.
 
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good
 example of managing a shared central repository.
 
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 ------------
 $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
 # default: off
-# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
 service git
 {
         disable = no
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 6e98bdf..ba1fe49 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -8,11 +8,15 @@
 	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
 
 --depth=<depth>::
-	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
+	Deepen or shorten the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
 	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
 	to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote
 	branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
 
+--unshallow::
+	Convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all
+	the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.
+
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
 	Show what would be done, without making any changes.
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 -t::
 --tags::
-	This is a short-hand for giving "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
+	This is a short-hand for giving `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`
 	refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched
 	and stored locally.  Because this acts as an explicit
 	refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index fd9e36b..48754cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
-	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
-	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--]
-	  [<filepattern>...]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
+	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<filepattern>...::
+<pathspec>...::
 	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
 	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
 	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
@@ -100,23 +100,40 @@
 
 -u::
 --update::
-	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
-	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
-	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
-	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
-	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
-	have been removed.
+	Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
+	<pathspec>.  This removes as well as modifies index entries to
+	match the working tree, but adds no new files.
 +
-If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
-update all tracked files in the current directory and its
-subdirectories.
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all tracked files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
 
 -A::
 --all::
-	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
-	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
-	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
-	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+--no-ignore-removal::
+	Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
+	matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
+	entry.	This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
+	match the working tree.
++
+If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to
+"."; in other words, update all files in the current directory
+and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version
+of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used.
+
+--no-all::
+--ignore-removal::
+	Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
+	index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
+	files that have been removed from the working tree.  This
+	option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
++
+This option is primarily to help the current users of Git, whose
+"git add <pathspec>..." ignores removed files.  In future versions
+of Git, "git add <pathspec>..." will be a synonym to "git add -A
+<pathspec>..." and "git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>..." will behave like
+today's "git add <pathspec>...", ignoring removed files.
 
 -N::
 --intent-to-add::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index 19d57a8..54d8461 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--keep-cr | --no-keep-cr] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--[no-]keep-cr] [--[no-]utf8]
 	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [--[no-]scissors]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@
 --keep-non-patch::
 	Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
---keep-cr::
---no-keep-cr::
+--[no-]keep-cr::
 	With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1])
 	with the same option, to prevent it from stripping CR at the end of
 	lines. `am.keepcr` configuration variable can be used to specify the
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@
 --resolvemsg=<msg>::
 	When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed
 	to the screen before exiting.  This overrides the
-	standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
+	standard message informing you to use `--continue`
 	or `--skip` to handle the failure.  This is solely
 	for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@
 
 . hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update
   the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should
-  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--resolved' option.
+  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--continue' option.
 
 The command refuses to process new mailboxes until the current
 operation is finished, so if you decide to start over from scratch,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index 634b84e..f605327 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
 with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index.
 Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
-and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
 
 This command applies the patch but does not create a commit.  Use
 linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
   patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
   used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
-  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more).
 * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
   to apply the patch.
 * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index f4504ba..163b9f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@
 incremental imports.
 
 While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
-archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
-manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch>
 parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
-branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a
 "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master".
 
-Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the
 result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
 branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
 convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@
 
 MERGES
 ------
-Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git
 does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
 branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
-is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
 import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
 
 Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
-git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
 patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
index 59d73e5..b97aaab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
-	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [-o <file> | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
 	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
 	      [<path>...]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
 
 --worktree-attributes::
-	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes files in the working tree
+	as well (see <<ATTRIBUTES>>).
 
 <extra>::
 	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@
 	user-defined formats, but true for the "tar.gz" and "tgz"
 	formats.
 
+[[ATTRIBUTES]]
 ATTRIBUTES
 ----------
 
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@
 	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 export-subst::
-	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will
 	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
 	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index ec4497e..afeb86c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
 will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
 "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
 in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
-better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for
 example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
 
 Driving a bisection manually
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
 have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
 G are removed by rule b) too.
 
-Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
 given by:
 
 -------------
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@
 After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
 commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
 fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
-developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
-git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
 
 But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
 developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
@@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@
 _____________
 To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
 cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
-which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've
 lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
 the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
-bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs
 for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
 due to how we now feel about writing tests).
 _____________
@@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@
 message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
 to link a repository with another old repository.
 
-In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
-it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
-be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should
+be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
 
 One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
 replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
@@ -1320,11 +1320,11 @@
 ;-)
 _____________
 
-Acknowledgements
+Acknowledgments
 ----------------
 
 Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
-reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing
 some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
 lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
 
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@
 evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
 
 Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
-another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
 Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
 Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index e4f46bc..f986c5c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
-the original HEAD, issue the following command:
+the original HEAD (i.e., to quit bisecting), issue the following command:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect reset
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@
 Bisect skip
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
+Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git
 to do it for you by issuing the command:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
 ------------
 
-But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
+But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
 a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
 
 You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
 $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
 $ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a broken test case:
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@
 ~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case pass?
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 This shows that you can do without a run script if you write the test
@@ -368,6 +372,7 @@
 	rm -f tmp.$$
 	test $rc = 0'
 
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 In this case, when 'git bisect run' finishes, bisect/bad will refer to a commit that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index e44173f..8e70a61 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
-	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>]
-	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental]
+	    [-L <range>] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
+	    [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
 last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
 
-The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
+When specified one or more times, `-L` restricts annotation to the requested
+lines.
 
 The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file
 renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@
 replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
 interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
 
-Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the
 development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
 possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
 between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@
 at least once for each commit:
 
 - the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time
-  ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly
+  ("author-time"), and time zone ("author-tz"); similarly
   for committer.
 - the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to.
 - the first line of the commit log message ("summary").
@@ -130,7 +131,10 @@
 
 Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
 of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
-ranges.  When you are interested in finding the origin for
+ranges. The `-L` option, which limits annotation to a range of lines, may be
+specified multiple times.
+
+When you are interested in finding the origin for
 lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
 (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at
 line 40):
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 45a225e..311b336 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
-be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
-branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also
-activated by the `--list` option (see below).
-<pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell
-wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)).
-Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the branch is shown.
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
+asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
@@ -45,8 +47,9 @@
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
-branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
+branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
+configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
@@ -154,7 +157,8 @@
 
 -t::
 --track::
-	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
+	When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
+	`branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
 	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
 	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
 	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
@@ -193,15 +197,15 @@
 
 --contains [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
-	if not specified).
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 16a6b0a..0417562 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
-be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
 ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
@@ -112,13 +112,12 @@
 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
 ----------------
 
-Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
-the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
-were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
-pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
+bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
+create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
 
 ----------------
-machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
 ----------------
 
 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 2fb95bb..322f5ed 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 (which implies type "blob").
 
 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
-stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -54,16 +54,20 @@
 
 --textconv::
 	Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
-	<object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
+	<object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
-	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
-	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch=<format>::
+	Print object information and contents for each object provided
+	on stdin.  May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+	See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 --batch-check::
-	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
-	be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch-check=<format>::
+	Print object information for each object provided on stdin.  May
+	not be combined with any other options or arguments.  See the
+	section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
@@ -78,28 +82,81 @@
 If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
 will be returned.
 
-If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each
-object specified on stdin:
+BATCH OUTPUT
+------------
+
+If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
+from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
+the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
+linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
+`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
+object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
+newline. The available atoms are:
+
+`objectname`::
+	The 40-hex object name of the object.
+
+`objecttype`::
+	The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
+
+`objectsize`::
+	The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
+	reports).
+
+`objectsize:disk`::
+	The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
+	note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
+
+`rest`::
+	If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
+	at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
+	whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
+	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
+	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
+
+If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
+
+If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
+object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
+newline.
+
+For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
 
 ------------
 <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
 <contents> LF
 ------------
 
-If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for
-each object specified on stdin:
+Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
 
 ------------
-<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+<sha1> SP <type> LF
 ------------
 
-For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed
-for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository:
+If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
+the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
 
 ------------
 <object> SP missing LF
 ------------
 
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
+should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
+responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
+much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
+choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
+and is subject to change during a repack. Note also that multiple copies
+of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is
+undefined which copy's size will be reported.
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
index 5abdbaa..00e2aa2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@
 	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a
-	NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable.
+	If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
 \--::
 	Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@
 The output is of the form:
 <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
 
+unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter:
+<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL
+
+
 <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute
 being queried and <info> can be either:
 
@@ -56,6 +61,11 @@
 'set';;		when the attribute is defined as true.
 <value>;;	when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
 
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee2e091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+git-check-ignore(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ignore' [options] pathname...
+'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each pathname given via the command-line or from a file via
+`--stdin`, show the pattern from .gitignore (or other input files to
+the exclude mechanism) that decides if the pathname is excluded or
+included.  Later patterns within a file take precedence over earlier
+ones.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q, --quiet::
+	Don't output anything, just set exit status.  This is only
+	valid with a single pathname.
+
+-v, --verbose::
+	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
+	for each given pathname.
+
+--stdin::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+-n, --non-matching::
+	Show given paths which don't match any pattern.	 This only
+	makes sense when `--verbose` is enabled, otherwise it would
+	not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a
+	pattern and those which don't.
+
+--no-index::
+	Don't look in the index when undertaking the checks. This can
+	be used to debug why a path became tracked by e.g. `git add .`
+	and was not ignored by the rules as expected by the user or when
+	developing patterns including negation to match a path previously
+	added with `git add -f`.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+By default, any of the given pathnames which match an ignore pattern
+will be output, one per line.  If no pattern matches a given path,
+nothing will be output for that path; this means that path will not be
+ignored.
+
+If `--verbose` is specified, the output is a series of lines of the form:
+
+<source> <COLON> <linenum> <COLON> <pattern> <HT> <pathname>
+
+<pathname> is the path of a file being queried, <pattern> is the
+matching pattern, <source> is the pattern's source file, and <linenum>
+is the line number of the pattern within that source.  If the pattern
+contained a `!` prefix or `/` suffix, it will be preserved in the
+output.  <source> will be an absolute path when referring to the file
+configured by `core.excludesfile`, or relative to the repository root
+when referring to `.git/info/exclude` or a per-directory exclude file.
+
+If `-z` is specified, the pathnames in the output are delimited by the
+null character; if `--verbose` is also specified then null characters
+are also used instead of colons and hard tabs:
+
+<source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL>
+
+If `-n` or `--non-matching` are specified, non-matching pathnames will
+also be output, in which case all fields in each output record except
+for <pathname> will be empty.  This can be useful when running
+non-interactively, so that files can be incrementally streamed to
+STDIN of a long-running check-ignore process, and for each of these
+files, STDOUT will indicate whether that file matched a pattern or
+not.  (Without this option, it would be impossible to tell whether the
+absence of output for a given file meant that it didn't match any
+pattern, or that the output hadn't been generated yet.)
+
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+-----------
+
+0::
+	One or more of the provided paths is ignored.
+
+1::
+	None of the provided paths are ignored.
+
+128::
+	A fatal error was encountered.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:gitconfig[5]
+linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39028ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+git-check-mailmap(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line
+or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name
+and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them;
+otherwise print the input as-is.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--stdin::
+	Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting
+	contacts provided on the command-line.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.  If the
+name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is
+printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
index 98009d1..fc02959 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
 Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
 status if it is not.
 
-A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags.  A
 branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
 a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
 (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
 directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
 if refs are packed by `git gc`).
 
-git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
   grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
 
 . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
 
+. They cannot be the single character `@`.
+
 . They cannot contain a `\`.
 
 These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
@@ -83,8 +85,7 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---allow-onelevel::
---no-allow-onelevel::
+--[no-]allow-onelevel::
 	Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
 	refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
 	components).  The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index 6f04d22..91294f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
-'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] [<commit>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] --detach [<branch>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] <commit>
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
 successful.
 
 'git checkout' --detach [<branch>]::
-'git checkout' <commit>::
+'git checkout' [--detach] <commit>::
 
 	Prepare to work on top of <commit>, by detaching HEAD at it
 	(see "DETACHED HEAD" section), and updating the index and the
@@ -71,10 +72,11 @@
 	tree will be the state recorded in the commit plus the local
 	modifications.
 +
-Passing `--detach` forces this behavior in the case of a <branch> (without
-the option, giving a branch name to the command would check out the branch,
-instead of detaching HEAD at it), or the current commit,
-if no <branch> is specified.
+When the <commit> argument is a branch name, the `--detach` option can
+be used to detach HEAD at the tip of the branch (`git checkout
+<branch>` would check out that branch without detaching HEAD).
++
+Omitting <branch> detaches HEAD at the tip of the current branch.
 
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
 
@@ -131,9 +133,9 @@
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
-is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
-next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of
+the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping
+the initial part up to the "*".
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
 "refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
@@ -180,6 +182,12 @@
 Afterwards you will be ready to prepare your new files, repopulating the
 working tree, by copying them from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.
 
+--ignore-skip-worktree-bits::
+	In sparse checkout mode, `git checkout -- <paths>` would
+	update only entries matched by <paths> and sparse patterns
+	in $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout. This option ignores
+	the sparse patterns and adds back any files in <paths>.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	When switching branches,
@@ -333,7 +341,7 @@
   tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')
 ------------
 
-In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look
+In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look
 at what happens when we then checkout master:
 
 ------------
@@ -350,7 +358,7 @@
 
 It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit
 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted
-by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
+by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
 before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f',
 any of these will create a reference to it:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
index f6c19c7..0ea921a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cherry - Find commits not merged upstream
+git-cherry - Find commits yet to be applied to upstream
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,47 +12,26 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
-is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
-The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
-the 'git patch-id' program.
+Determine whether there are commits in `<head>..<upstream>` that are
+equivalent to those in the range `<limit>..<head>`.
 
-Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
-has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol.  The ones that have
-equivalent change already
-in the <upstream> branch are prefixed with a minus (-) sign, and those
-that only exist in the <head> branch are prefixed with a plus (+) symbol:
+The equivalence test is based on the diff, after removing whitespace
+and line numbers.  git-cherry therefore detects when commits have been
+"copied" by means of linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1], linkgit:git-am[1] or
+linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__+__+__-__+__+__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-If a <limit> has been given then the commits along the <head> branch up
-to and including <limit> are not reported:
-
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__*__*__<limit>__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-Because 'git cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
-(sha1), you can use 'git cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
-has been applied <upstream> under a different commit id.  For example,
-this will happen if you're feeding patches <upstream> via email rather
-than pushing or pulling commits directly.
-
+Outputs the SHA1 of every commit in `<limit>..<head>`, prefixed with
+`-` for commits that have an equivalent in <upstream>, and `+` for
+commits that do not.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
-	Verbose.
+	Show the commit subjects next to the SHA1s.
 
 <upstream>::
-	Upstream branch to compare against.
-	Defaults to the first tracked remote branch, if available.
+	Upstream branch to search for equivalent commits.
+	Defaults to the upstream branch of HEAD.
 
 <head>::
 	Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
@@ -60,6 +39,103 @@
 <limit>::
 	Do not report commits up to (and including) limit.
 
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Patch workflows
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+git-cherry is frequently used in patch-based workflows (see
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]) to determine if a series of patches has been
+applied by the upstream maintainer.  In such a workflow you might
+create and send a topic branch like this:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout -b topic origin/master
+# work and create some commits
+$ git format-patch origin/master
+$ git send-email ... 00*
+------------
+
+Later, you can see whether your changes have been applied by saying
+(still on `topic`):
+
+------------
+$ git fetch  # update your notion of origin/master
+$ git cherry -v
+------------
+
+Concrete example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In a situation where topic consisted of three commits, and the
+maintainer applied two of them, the situation might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+|/
+o 1234567 branch point
+------------
+
+In such cases, git-cherry shows a concise summary of what has yet to
+be applied:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+Here, we see that the commits A and C (marked with `-`) can be
+dropped from your `topic` branch when you rebase it on top of
+`origin/master`, while the commit B (marked with `+`) still needs to
+be kept so that it will be sent to be applied to `origin/master`.
+
+
+Using a limit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The optional <limit> is useful in cases where your topic is based on
+other work that is not in upstream.  Expanding on the previous
+example, this might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+| * 0000fff (base) unpublished stuff F
+[... snip ...]
+| * 0000aaa unpublished stuff A
+|/
+o 1234567 merge-base between upstream and topic
+------------
+
+By specifying `base` as the limit, you can avoid listing commits
+between `base` and `topic`:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic base
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-patch-id[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 9f42c0d..8997922 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
 under version control, starting from the current directory.
 
-Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x'
 option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
 example, be useful to remove all build products.
 
@@ -27,14 +27,20 @@
 -------
 -d::
 	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
 	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
 	if you really want to remove such a directory.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
-	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
+	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f, -n or
+	-i.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See
+	``Interactive mode'' for details.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -60,9 +66,70 @@
 	working directory to test a clean build.
 
 -X::
-	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	Remove only files ignored by Git.  This may be useful to rebuild
 	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
 
+Interactive mode
+----------------
+When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
+files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its
+interactive command loop.
+
+The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
+gives a prompt "What now> ".  In general, when the prompt ends
+with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
+and type return, like this:
+
+------------
+    *** Commands ***
+	1: clean                2: filter by pattern    3: select by numbers
+	4: ask each             5: quit                 6: help
+    What now> 1
+------------
+
+You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique.
+
+The main command loop has 6 subcommands.
+
+clean::
+
+   Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit.
+
+filter by pattern::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-seperated
+   patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion.
+   E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from
+   deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press
+   ENTER (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+select by numbers::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double
+   '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated
+   with whitespace or comma.  Also you can say ranges.  E.g. "2-5 7,9"
+   to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list.  If the second number in a
+   range is omitted, all remaining items are selected.  E.g. "7-" to
+   choose 7,8,9 from the list.  You can say '*' to choose everything.
+   Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER
+   (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+ask each::
+
+  This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order
+  to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient
+  as the above two actions.
+
+quit::
+
+  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+
+help::
+
+  Show brief usage of interactive git-clean.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitignore[5]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 7fefdb0..450f158 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
 	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
-	  [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
+	  [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 --local::
 -l::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
-	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
 	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
 	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@
 repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
 never use the local optimizations).  Specifying `--no-local` will
 override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
-git transport instead.
+Git transport instead.
 +
 To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you
 are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the
-usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
 
 --no-hardlinks::
 	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
 repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
-other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
 source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
-These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
 which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
-	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
 	as patches.
 
---single-branch::
+--[no-]single-branch::
 	Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
 	either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
 	branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 	Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 	to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
-	then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
-	The result is git repository can be separated from working
+	then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
+	The result is Git repository can be separated from working
 	tree.
 
 
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@
 * Clone from upstream:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
-$ cd my2.6
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 $ make
 ------------
 
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@
 * Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
-	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
-	my2.7
-$ cd my2.7
+$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \
+	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \
+	my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 ------------
 
 
@@ -271,13 +271,6 @@
 ------------
 
 
-* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus:
-+
-------------
-$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
-    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
-------------
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index 6d5a04c..cafdc96 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
-'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
+		  [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@
 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
 to get there.
 
-Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
@@ -52,6 +54,9 @@
 	Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
 	from the standard input.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------
@@ -72,13 +77,13 @@
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-	EMAIL
 
 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
 
 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
 that file does not exist).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 19cbb90..1a7616c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	   [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>]
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
 	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
    case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
    record the current content of the listed files (which must already
-   be known to git);
+   be known to Git);
 
 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
    "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 --all::
 	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
 	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
-	told git about are not affected.
+	told Git about are not affected.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@
 	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
 	`--dry-run`.
 
+--long::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
+	Implies `--dry-run`.
+
 -z::
 --null::
 	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
@@ -133,6 +137,8 @@
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
 
 -t <file>::
 --template=<file>::
@@ -168,20 +174,31 @@
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
-	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
-	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
-	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
-	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
-	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
-	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
-	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
-	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
+	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, or `default`.
++
+--
+strip::
+	Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, and
+	#commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
+whitespace::
+	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
+verbatim::
+	Do not change the message at all.
+default::
+	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
+	Otherwise `whitespace`.
+--
++
+The default can be changed by the 'commit.cleanup' configuration
+variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -e::
 --edit::
 	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
-	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
-	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	`-m`, and from commit object with `-C` are usually used as
+	the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
 	further edit the message taken from these sources.
 
 --no-edit::
@@ -190,14 +207,15 @@
 	without changing its commit message.
 
 --amend::
-	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
-	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
-	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
-	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
-	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
-	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
-	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
-	discarded.
+	Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
+	commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
+	the effect of the `-i` and `-o` options and explicit
+	pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
+	as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
+	other message is specified from the command line via options
+	such as `-m`, `-F`, `-c`, etc.  The new commit has the same
+	parents and author as the current one (the `--reset-author`
+	option can countermand this).
 +
 --
 It is a rough equivalent for:
@@ -398,7 +416,7 @@
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
 The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
-as the commit title, and that title is used throughout git.
+as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
 For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses
 the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index eaea079..e9917b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
 --get::
 	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
 	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
-	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+	found and the last value if multiple key values were found.
 
 --get-all::
 	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
@@ -95,29 +96,55 @@
 	in which section and variable names are lowercased, but subsection
 	names are not.
 
+--get-urlmatch name URL::
+	When given a two-part name section.key, the value for
+	section.<url>.key whose <url> part matches the best to the
+	given URL is returned (if no such key exists, the value for
+	section.key is used as a fallback).  When given just the
+	section as name, do so for all the keys in the section and
+	list them.
+
 --global::
-	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
-	the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file
-	if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't.
+	For writing options: write to global `~/.gitconfig` file
+	rather than the repository `.git/config`, write to
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` file if this file exists and the
+	`~/.gitconfig` file doesn't.
 +
-For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from
-$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files.
+For reading options: read only from global `~/.gitconfig` and from
+`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 --system::
-	For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
-	rather than the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than the repository
+	`.git/config`.
 +
-For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+For reading options: read only from system-wide `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig`
 rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
+--local::
+	For writing options: write to the repository `.git/config` file.
+	This is	the default behavior.
++
+For reading options: read only from the repository `.git/config` rather than
+from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
 -f config-file::
 --file config-file::
 	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
 
+--blob blob::
+	Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g.
+	you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file
+	'.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
+	section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of
+	ways to spell blob names.
+
 --remove-section::
 	Remove the given section from the configuration file.
 
@@ -186,8 +213,7 @@
 	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
 	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
 
---includes::
---no-includes::
+--[no-]includes::
 	Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up
 	values. Defaults to on.
 
@@ -198,23 +224,23 @@
 If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:
 
-$GIT_DIR/config::
-	Repository specific configuration file.
+$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
+	System-wide configuration file.
+
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
+	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
+	or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/config` will be used. Any single-valued
+	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
+	`~/.gitconfig`.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
+	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
+	file was added fairly recently.
 
 ~/.gitconfig::
 	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
 	configuration file.
 
-$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
-	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
-	or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued
-	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
-	~/.gitconfig.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
-	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
-	file was added fairly recently.
-
-$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
-	System-wide configuration file.
+$GIT_DIR/config::
+	Repository specific configuration file.
 
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
@@ -222,6 +248,10 @@
 file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
 error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
 
+The files are read in the order given above, with last value found taking
+precedence over values read earlier.  When multiple values are taken then all
+values of a key from all files will be used.
+
 All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
 configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
 and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
@@ -240,6 +270,10 @@
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 
@@ -270,6 +304,13 @@
 		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
 		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
 
+	; HTTP
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+
 you can set the filemode to true with
 
 ------------
@@ -355,6 +396,19 @@
 echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}"
 ------------
 
+For URLs in `https://weak.example.com`, `http.sslVerify` is set to
+false, while it is set to `true` for all others:
+
+------------
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://good.example.com
+true
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com
+false
+% git config --get-urlmatch http https://weak.example.com
+http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt
+http.sslverify false
+------------
+
 include::config.txt[]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
index 23c80ce..b300e84 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git count-objects' [-v]
+'git count-objects' [-v] [-H | --human-readable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,11 +20,29 @@
 -------
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
-	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
-	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
-	and number of objects that can be removed by running
-	`git prune-packed`.
+	Report in more detail:
++
+count: the number of loose objects
++
+size: disk space consumed by loose objects, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+in-pack: the number of in-pack objects
++
+size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in
+the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`.
++
+garbage: the number of files in object database that are not valid
+loose objects nor valid packs
++
+size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is
+specified)
+
+-H::
+--human-readable::
+
+Print sizes in human readable format
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
index eeff5fa..89b7306 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git
+This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git
 programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten
 after a configurable timeout.  The cache is accessible over a Unix
 domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
-be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
+be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See
 linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
index b27c03c..8481cae 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system.
 
 This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future
-git programs.
+Git programs.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
 be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-When git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
+When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and
 username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned
-to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
 for more information.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
index 810e957..b211440 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
-credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable
+credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
 interface models the internal C API; see
-link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the git credential API] for more
+link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
 background on the concepts.
 
 git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 `https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
 credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
 tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
-infomation it has):
+information it has):
 
 	 protocol=https
 	 host=example.com
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 	password=secr3t
 +
 In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
-repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential
+repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
 description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
 protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
 +
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index 7f79cec..00154b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
-to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.
 
 Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
 from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 -w::
 	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
 	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
-	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	current directory is within a Git repository.  The default is the
 	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
 
 -W::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 6695ab3..2df9953 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+*WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered
+deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later.  If you are
+performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using
+link:http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or
+link:https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs].
+
+Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new
 repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
 
 Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
@@ -59,18 +65,18 @@
 	`CVS/Repository`.
 
 -C <target-dir>::
-        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+	The Git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
         exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
 
 -r <remote>::
-	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	The Git remote to import this CVS repository into.
 	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
 	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
 
 -o <branch-for-HEAD>::
 	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
-	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
-	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git.
 	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
 	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
 	Use this option if you want to import into a different
@@ -137,17 +143,19 @@
 -A <author-conv-file>::
 	CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its
 	commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file
-	in this format
+	maps the name recorded in CVS to author name, e-mail and
+	optional time zone:
 +
 ---------
 	exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
-	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org>
+	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
 
 ---------
 +
 'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
 their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
-all along.
+all along.  If a time zone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will
+have the corresponding offset applied.
 +
 For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
 each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
@@ -211,11 +219,9 @@
 * Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
 
 If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
-want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
-more stable in practice:
+want to imort, consider using cvs2git:
 
-* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
-* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://subversion.apache.org/`
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 88d814a..472f5cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
 
 It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
 and for those methods that are implemented,
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
-CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.
 
-'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different
 from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
 one or more directories.
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 ------
    cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
 ------
-No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools
 in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
 environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
 
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@
 Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
 write access to the log file and to the database (see
 <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
-SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.
 
-You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index
 file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 
 [[configaccessmethod]]
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
    automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
    explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
-   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   directory should point at the appropriate Git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
    _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
 +
 --
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
    shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
 
 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
-   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
    name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
    `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
    `project-master` directory:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 Database Backend
 ----------------
 
-'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to
 store information about the repository to maintain consistent
 CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
 updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
 the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
 that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
 
-By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named
 `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
 temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
 write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@
 In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
 
 %G::
-	git directory name
+	Git directory name
 %g::
-	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	Git directory name, where all characters except for
 	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
-	CVS module/git head name
+	CVS module/Git head name
 %a::
 	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
 %u::
@@ -359,6 +359,43 @@
 
 All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
 checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+
+Most CVS command arguments that read CVS tags or revision numbers
+(typically -r) work, and also support any git refspec
+(tag, branch, commit ID, etc).
+However, CVS revision numbers for non-default branches are not well
+emulated, and cvs log does not show tags or branches at
+all.  (Non-main-branch CVS revision numbers superficially resemble CVS
+revision numbers, but they actually encode a git commit ID directly,
+rather than represent the number of revisions since the branch point.)
+
+Note that there are two ways to checkout a particular branch.
+As described elsewhere on this page, the "module" parameter
+of cvs checkout is interpreted as a branch name, and it becomes
+the main branch.  It remains the main branch for a given sandbox
+even if you temporarily make another branch sticky with
+cvs update -r.  Alternatively, the -r argument can indicate
+some other branch to actually checkout, even though the module
+is still the "main" branch.  Tradeoffs (as currently
+implemented): Each new "module" creates a new database on disk with
+a history for the given module, and after the database is created,
+operations against that main branch are fast.  Or alternatively,
+-r doesn't take any extra disk space, but may be significantly slower for
+many operations, like cvs update.
+
+If you want to refer to a git refspec that has characters that are
+not allowed by CVS, you have two options.  First, it may just work
+to supply the git refspec directly to the appropriate CVS -r argument;
+some CVS clients don't seem to do much sanity checking of the argument.
+Second, if that fails, you can use a special character escape mechanism
+that only uses characters that are valid in CVS tags.  A sequence
+of 4 or 5 characters of the form (underscore (`"_"`), dash (`"-"`),
+one or two characters, and dash (`"-"`)) can encode various characters based
+on the one or two letters: `"s"` for slash (`"/"`), `"p"` for
+period (`"."`), `"u"` for underscore (`"_"`), or two hexadecimal digits
+for any byte value at all (typically an ASCII number, or perhaps a part
+of a UTF-8 encoded character).
+
 Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
 Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 7e5098a..223f731 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@
 	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]
 	     [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>]
 	     [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>]
-	     [--access-hook=<path>]
-	     [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]
+	     [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors]
+	     [--inetd |
+	      [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
+	      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
 	     [<directory>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
 aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
 that service if it is enabled.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
-it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
 for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
 pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
 the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@
 from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
 
 This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
-git repositories.
+Git repositories.
 
 An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
 
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@
 
 --base-path=<path>::
 	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
-	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
 	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
 	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
 	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@
 	whitelist.
 
 --export-all::
-	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories
 	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
 	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
 
@@ -147,6 +149,13 @@
 Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
 the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 'git daemon' if needed.
++
+Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset
+environment variables such as `$HOME` when it runs git programs,
+e.g. `upload-pack` and `receive-pack`. When using this option, you
+may also want to set and export `HOME` to point at the home
+directory of `<user>` before starting the daemon, and make sure any
+Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`.
 
 --enable=<service>::
 --disable=<service>::
@@ -162,8 +171,7 @@
 	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
 	are overridable.
 
---informative-errors::
---no-informative-errors::
+--[no-]informative-errors::
 	When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report
 	more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions
 	like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 72d6bb6..d20ca40 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <commit-ish>...
 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<committish>...::
-	Committish object names to describe.
+<commit-ish>...::
+	Commit-ish object names to describe.
 
 --dirty[=<mark>]::
 	Describe the working tree.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 --candidates=<n>::
 	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
-	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider
 	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
 	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
 	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
@@ -81,12 +81,18 @@
 	that points at object deadbee....).
 
 --match <pattern>::
-	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
-	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+	Only consider tags matching the given `glob(7)` pattern,
+	excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.  This can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags from the repository.
 
 --always::
 	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
 
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
+	This is useful when you wish to not match tags on branches merged
+	in the history of the target commit.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@
 
 Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
 longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
-git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
 be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
 
-For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
 a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
 be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
 always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
@@ -148,10 +154,12 @@
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
+specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each
+commit.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
-has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be
 selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
 the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
 will be the smallest number of commits possible.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
index c0b7c58..a86cf62 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
-object with the content of the current index and, optionally
-ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
-specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
-entries in the index are compared.
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
+with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
+corresponding paths in the index.  When <path> arguments are present,
+compares only paths matching those patterns.  Otherwise all tracked
+files are compared.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index f8c0601..33fbd8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -18,20 +18,25 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
-between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
-between two files on disk.
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
+two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
 	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
-	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to
 	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
 	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
-+
-If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside
-the current repository, 'git diff' will compare the two files /
-directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
+
+'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to compare the given two paths on the
+	filesystem.  You can omit the `--no-index` option when
+	running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
+	at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
+	or when running the command outside a working tree
+	controlled by Git.
 
 'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -56,11 +61,6 @@
 	This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
 	<commit>.
 
-'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
-
-	This form is to view the differences between the raw
-	contents of two blob objects.
-
 'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@
 "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
 "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
+
+	This form is to view the differences between the raw
+	contents of two blob objects.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 :git-diff: 1
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 73ca702..11887e6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
 to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
 linkgit:git-diff[1].
@@ -69,13 +69,14 @@
 --tool-help::
 	Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`.
 
---symlinks::
---no-symlinks::
+--[no-]symlinks::
 	'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the
-	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode.
+	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode and the right-hand
+	side of the comparison yields the same content as the file in
+	the working tree.
 +
-	Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create
-	copies instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
+Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create copies
+instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
 
 -x <command>::
 --extcmd=<command>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index d6487e1..85f1f30 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@
 	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
 	'git fast-import' during import.
 
---signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 +
 When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
-when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
-unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
-and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
+be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
+warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
+exported and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a
+warning.
 
 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
 	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 	\--import-marks.
+	The file will not be written if no new object has been
+	marked/exported.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
@@ -102,11 +106,11 @@
 	different from the commit's first parent).
 
 [<git-rev-list-args>...]::
-       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
-       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
-       to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
-       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
-       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
+	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+	added since its 10th ancestor commit.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@
 -----------
 
 Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
-able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
+able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 68bca1a..fd22a9a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -33,38 +33,46 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---date-format=<fmt>::
-	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
-	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
-	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
-	are supported, and their syntax.
-
--- done::
-	Terminate with error if there is no 'done' command at the
-	end of the stream.
 
 --force::
 	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
 	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
 	not contain the old commit).
 
---max-pack-size=<n>::
-	Maximum size of each output packfile.
-	The default is unlimited.
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	\--stats.
 
---big-file-threshold=<n>::
-	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
-	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
-	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
-	with constrained memory.
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
 
---depth=<n>::
-	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
-	Default is 10.
+Options for Frontends
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---active-branches=<n>::
-	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
-	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
+	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
+	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
+	output.
+
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--done::
+	Terminate with error if there is no `done` command at the end of
+	the stream.  This option might be useful for detecting errors
+	that cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
+	write a stream.
+
+Locations of Marks Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --export-marks=<file>::
 	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
@@ -87,31 +95,33 @@
 	Like --import-marks but instead of erroring out, silently
 	skips the file if it does not exist.
 
---relative-marks::
+--[no-]relative-marks::
 	After specifying --relative-marks the paths specified
 	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
 	to an internal directory in the current repository.
 	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
 	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
 	importers may use a different location.
++
+Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
+--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
---no-relative-marks::
-	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
-	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
-	--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks=
-	options.
+Performance and Compression Tuning
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
-	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
-	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
-	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
-	output.
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
 
---done::
-	Require a `done` command at the end of the stream.
-	This option might be useful for detecting errors that
-	cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
-	write a stream.
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
 
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
@@ -122,16 +132,9 @@
 	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
 	to 'git pack-objects'.
 
---quiet::
-	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
-	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
-	\--stats.
-
---stats::
-	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
-	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
-	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
-	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is unlimited.
 
 
 Performance
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@
 If the local offset is not available in the source material, use
 ``+0000'', or the most common local offset.  For example many
 organizations have a CVS repository which has only ever been accessed
-by users who are located in the same location and timezone.  In this
+by users who are located in the same location and time zone.  In this
 case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed.
 +
 Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict.  Any
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@
 strings which Git will parse wrong, and yet consider valid.
 Seriously malformed strings will be rejected.
 +
-Unlike the `raw` format above, the timezone/UTC offset information
+Unlike the `raw` format above, the time zone/UTC offset information
 contained in an RFC 2822 date string is used to adjust the date
 value to UTC prior to storage.  Therefore it is important that
 this information be as accurate as possible.
@@ -284,13 +287,13 @@
 ambiguity in parsing.
 
 `now`::
-	Always use the current time and timezone.  The literal
+	Always use the current time and time zone.  The literal
 	`now` must always be supplied for `<when>`.
 +
-This is a toy format.  The current time and timezone of this system
+This is a toy format.  The current time and time zone of this system
 is always copied into the identity string at the time it is being
 created by fast-import.  There is no way to specify a different time or
-timezone.
+time zone.
 +
 This particular format is supplied as it's short to implement and
 may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit
@@ -358,8 +361,8 @@
 	`--cat-blob-fd` or `stdout` if unspecified.
 
 `feature`::
-	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
-	abort if it does not.
+	Enable the specified feature. This requires that fast-import
+	supports the specified feature, and aborts if it does not.
 
 `option`::
 	Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
@@ -377,8 +380,8 @@
 	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
 	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -457,9 +460,9 @@
 be the first ancestor of the new commit.
 
 As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
-quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following:
 
 * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
   table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@
 it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
 commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
 also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `filemodify`
@@ -674,8 +677,8 @@
 `notemodify`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note
-annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents.
-Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>`
+annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents.
+Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>`
 path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to
 use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except
 `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree.
@@ -688,7 +691,7 @@
 	commit that is to be annotated.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF
 ....
 +
 Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
@@ -701,13 +704,13 @@
 	command.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	data
 ....
 +
 See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
 
-In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification
 expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `mark`
@@ -738,7 +741,7 @@
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
-	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
 ....
@@ -783,11 +786,11 @@
 
 ....
 	'reset' SP <ref> LF
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	LF?
 ....
 
-For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above
 under `commit` and `from`.
 
 The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
index 8c75120..93b5067 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
-				[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
-				[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
-				[-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+	[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
+	[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
+	[-v] <repository> [<refs>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -84,26 +84,31 @@
 
 --depth=<n>::
 	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+	'git-upload-pack' treats the special depth 2147483647 as
+	infinite even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 
 --no-progress::
 	Do not show the progress.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is
+	self-contained and connected.
+
 -v::
 	Run verbosely.
 
-<host>::
-	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
-	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
-	ssh.
-
-<directory>::
-	The repository to sync from.
+<repository>::
+	The URL to the remote repository.
 
 <refs>...::
 	The remote heads to update from. This is relative to
 	$GIT_DIR (e.g. "HEAD", "refs/heads/master").  When
 	unspecified, update from all heads the remote side has.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fetch[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index b41d7c1..e08a028 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index e2301f5..e4c8e82 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
 in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
 If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
 changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
-useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such,
 therefore such a usage is permitted.
 
 *NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in
@@ -64,8 +64,11 @@
 Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
 the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
-and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
-of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported to
+the environment, in order to affect the author and committer identities of
+the replacement commit created by linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] after the
+filters have run.
+
 If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
 operation will be aborted.
 
@@ -329,6 +332,26 @@
 ' HEAD~10..HEAD
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
+The `--env-filter` option can be used to modify committer and/or author
+identity.  For example, if you found out that your commits have the wrong
+identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you can make a correction,
+before publishing the project, like this:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --env-filter '
+	if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+	if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	fi
+' -- --all
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
 To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
 range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
 point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
@@ -374,7 +397,7 @@
 usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and
 `--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
 be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
-actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
 objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
 
 * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 3a0f55e..bb1232a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
 	merged.
 
---summary::
---no-summary::
+--[no-]summary::
 	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
 	removed in the future.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index db55a4e..f2e08d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 
 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
 the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
-`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
+`:iso8601`, `:rfc2822` or `:raw` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
 `%(taggerdate:relative)`.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 6d43f56..5c0a4ab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
 		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
-		   [--cover-letter] [--quiet]
+		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [<common diff options>]
 		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
 
@@ -166,6 +166,15 @@
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
+-v <n>::
+--reroll-count=<n>::
+	Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
+	output filenames have `v<n>` pretended to them, and the
+	subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
+	`--subject-prefix` option) has ` v<n>` appended to it.  E.g.
+	`--reroll-count=4` may produce `v4-0001-add-makefile.patch`
+	file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
+
 --to=<email>::
 	Add a `To:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -178,6 +187,21 @@
 	The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so
 	far (from config or command line).
 
+--from::
+--from=<ident>::
+	Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the
+	author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the
+	provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the
+	message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use
+	the committer ident.
++
+Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the
+emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the
+original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body
+header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this
+transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are
+feeding the result to `git send-email`.
+
 --add-header=<header>::
 	Add an arbitrary header to the email headers.  This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -186,15 +210,27 @@
 	`Cc:`, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
 	line.
 
---cover-letter::
+--[no-]cover-letter::
 	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
 	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
 
+--notes[=<ref>]::
+	Append the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) for the commit
+	after the three-dash line.
++
+The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
+the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
+and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write
+these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending,
+keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
+of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite`
+configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
+
 --[no]-signature=<signature>::
 	Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature
 	is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the
-	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version
+	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version
 	number.
 
 --suffix=.<sfx>::
@@ -206,6 +242,7 @@
 Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
 you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
 
+-q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output.
 
@@ -239,6 +276,7 @@
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
 	signoff = true
+	coverletter = auto
 ------------
 
 
@@ -368,7 +406,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag
 them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the
-resulting email unusable by git.
+resulting email unusable by Git.
 
 There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps,
 configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use
@@ -400,7 +438,8 @@
 In Thunderbird 3:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
 "mail.wrap_long_lines".
-Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`.
+Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`. Also, search for
+"mailnews.wraplength" and set the value to 0.
 
 3. Disable the use of format=flowed:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
@@ -504,8 +543,8 @@
 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
 intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
-Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
-use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 
 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
 as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
index da348fc..25c431d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@
 	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
 +
 If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
-index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
+index file, all SHA-1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
 (unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.
 
 --unreachable::
 	Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any
 	of the reference nodes.
 
---dangling::
---no-dangling::
+--[no-]dangling::
 	Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default).
 	`--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output.
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@
 	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
 	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
 	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
-	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
 	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
 	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
 	with --no-full.
@@ -64,8 +63,8 @@
 --strict::
 	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
 	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
-	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
-	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	versions of Git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old
 	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
 	to check new projects with this flag.
 
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@
 	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
 	its object name.
 
---progress::
---no-progress::
+--[no-]progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
 	default when it is attached to a terminal, unless
 	--no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
-git-fsck tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
+git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
 of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
 corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
 '--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index b370b02..e158a3b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune]
+'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@
 
 --prune=<date>::
 	Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
-	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).  This
-	option is on by default.
+	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).
+	--prune=all prunes loose objects regardless of their age.
+	--prune is on by default.
 
 --no-prune::
 	Do not prune any loose objects.
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@
 --quiet::
 	Suppress all progress reports.
 
+--force::
+	Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc`
+	instance running on this repository.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index cfecf84..f837334 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
+'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [--textconv] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
 	   [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name]
 	   [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp]
 	   [-P | --perl-regexp]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 	   [-W | --function-context]
 	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
 	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...]
-	   [ [--exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
+	   [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
 	   [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 	blobs registered in the index file.
 
 --no-index::
-	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git.
+	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git.
 
 --untracked::
 	In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
@@ -80,6 +80,13 @@
 --text::
 	Process binary files as if they were text.
 
+--textconv::
+	Honor textconv filter settings.
+
+--no-textconv::
+	Do not honor textconv filter settings.
+	This is the default.
+
 -i::
 --ignore-case::
 	Ignore case differences between the patterns and the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 0041994..8144527 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitk[1]::
-	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	The Git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
 	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
 	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 4b0a502..02c1f12 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 --path::
 	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
 	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
-	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object
 	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
 	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
 	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index 9e0b3f6..b21e9d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -3,36 +3,50 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-help - display help information about git
+git-help - Display help information about Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide]
+	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
-command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+With no options and no COMMAND or GUIDE given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed
 on the standard output.
 
-If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
-up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
-can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+If the option '--guide' or '-g' is given, a list of the useful
+Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+
+If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
+guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
+purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration
+variables.
 
 Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
 former is internally converted into the latter.
 
+To display the linkgit:git[1] man page, use `git help git`.
+
+This page can be displayed with 'git help help' or `git help --help`
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
 --all::
 	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
-	option supersedes any other option.
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
+
+-g::
+--guides::
+	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
 --info::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
index f4e0741..e3bcdb5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file
-"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
 
@@ -80,7 +80,30 @@
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
 To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
-require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
+detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
+receive-pack invocation itself:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<LocationMatch "^/git/">
+	Order Deny,Allow
+	Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	Satisfy Any
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If you do not have `mod_rewrite` available to match against the query
+string, it is sufficient to just protect `git-receive-pack` itself,
+like:
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 <LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
@@ -91,6 +114,15 @@
 </LocationMatch>
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
+In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
+client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
+than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
+the `http.receivepack` config option in any repositories that should
+accept a push. The default behavior, if `http.receivepack` is not set,
+is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
+will therefore report `403 Forbidden` to the client, without even giving
+an opportunity for authentication.
++
 To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
 +
@@ -158,6 +190,54 @@
 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Lighttpd::
+	Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are
+	loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect
+	all requests to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
+	cgi.assign = ("" => "")
+	setenv.add-environment = (
+		"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
+		"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
+	)
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where `git-auth.conf` looks something like:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+auth.require = (
+	"/" => (
+		"method" => "basic",
+		"realm" => "Git Access",
+		"require" => "valid-user"
+	       )
+)
+# ...and set up auth.backend here
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index 070cd1e..21a33d2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.
 
 *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated.  The -a
 behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 39e6d0d..7a4e055 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
 builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
 together with the pack index can then be placed in the
-objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
 	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
 	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
-	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with
 	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
 	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
 	prevent a race condition between this process and
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@
 --strict::
 	Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Die if the pack contains broken links. For internal use only.
+
 --threads=<n>::
 	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving
 	deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search
 	window is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and use maximum 3 threads.
 
 
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@
 ----
 
 Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index a21e346..648a6cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 9ac2bba..afd721e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git`
+This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git`
 directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`,
 `refs/tags`, and template files.  An initial `HEAD` file that
 references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 
 Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be,
-place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the
-specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The
-result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
+place a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link there, pointing to the
+specified path, and initialize a Git repository at the path. The
+result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
 is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified
 path.
 
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
-Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
 allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
 repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
 set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
-requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
 by umask(2).
 
 The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
+Start a new Git repository for an existing code base::
 +
 ----------------
 $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 585dac4..1f7bc67 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -9,28 +9,21 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Shows the commit logs.
 
-The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
+The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
-the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
+the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
 each commit introduces are shown.
 
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-<since>..<until>::
-	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
-	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
-	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
-	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
-	and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
 --follow::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).
@@ -47,37 +40,61 @@
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
+--use-mailmap::
+	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
+	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
 --full-diff::
-	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
+	Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
 	paths.  With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
 	the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
 	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
 +
 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
-produced by --stat etc.
+produced by `--stat`, etc.
 
 --log-size::
-	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
-	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
-	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
-	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
-	its size is not included.
+	Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
+	where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
+	Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
+	output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
+
+-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L :<regex>:<file>::
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
 [\--] <path>...::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
-	that match the specified paths came to be.  See "History
-	Simplification" below for details and other simplification
+	that match the specified paths came to be.  See 'History
+	Simplification' below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
 
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
-Common diff options
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
 -------------------
 
 :git-log: 1
@@ -85,7 +102,7 @@
 
 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
 
-Examples
+EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git log --no-merges`::
 
@@ -94,12 +111,12 @@
 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
 
 	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
-	in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+	in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
 
 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
 
 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
-	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
 	'gitk'
 
 `git log --name-status release..test`::
@@ -108,9 +125,9 @@
 	in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
 	each commit modifies.
 
-`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`::
+`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
 
-	Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+	Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
 	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
 	present name.
 
@@ -128,32 +145,38 @@
 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
 
 	Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
-	"main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
+	``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
 	branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
 
+`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
+
+	Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
+	over time.
+
 `git log -3`::
+
 	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
 
-Discussion
+DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
-Configuration
+CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
 for settings related to diff generation.
 
 format.pretty::
-	Default for the `--format` option.  (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.)
-	Defaults to "medium".
+	Default for the `--format` option.  (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
+	Defaults to `medium`.
 
 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
-	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See "Discussion", above.)
-	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8
+	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See 'Discussion' above.)
+	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
 	otherwise.
 
 log.date::
@@ -162,18 +185,18 @@
 	dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
 
 log.showroot::
-	If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the
+	If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
 	initial commit as a big creation event.  Any root commits in
 	`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
 	The default is `true`.
 
-mailmap.file::
+mailmap.*::
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
 
 notes.displayRef::
 	Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
 	or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
-	messages with the 'log' family of commands.  See
+	messages with the `log` family of commands.  See
 	linkgit:git-notes[1].
 +
 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 4b28292..c0856a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
 
 --exclude-standard::
-	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
 
 --error-unmatch::
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.
 
-For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 774de5e..2e22915 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
 	exit without talking to the remote.
 
 <repository>::
-	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
-	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
-	the local repository.
+	The "remote" repository to query.  This parameter can be
+	either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and
+	REMOTES sections of linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
 
 <refs>...::
 	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done
@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@
 	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
 	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
 	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
-	b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb	refs/heads/rc
-	$ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public
-	$ git ls-remote --tags public v\*
+	$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
 	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
 	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
 	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
index 97e7a8e..164a3c6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--[no-]scissors] <msg> <patch>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
index d7db2a3..d2fc12e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 [verse]
 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
 	[--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>]
-	<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
+	[--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
 -q::
 	Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
 
+--diff3::
+	Show conflicts in "diff3" style.
+
 --ours::
 --theirs::
 --union::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index e0df1b3..02676fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
-entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+entries, passes the SHA-1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
 argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
 files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@
 processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
 code.
 
-Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of
 the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
 
 A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
 distribution.
 
-ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the
 RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
 original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
index c5f84b6..58731c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and
 conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
 what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
 results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index d34ea3c..4395459 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit]
-	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>]
+	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]]
 	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...]
 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
 'git merge' --abort
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
 was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
 reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
 
-*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
-discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
+*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with non-trivial uncommitted changes is
+discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to
 back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
 
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@
 -------
 include::merge-options.txt[]
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign the resulting merge commit.
+
 -m <msg>::
 	Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in
 	case one is created).
@@ -76,8 +80,7 @@
 used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
 invocations.
 
---rerere-autoupdate::
---no-rerere-autoupdate::
+--[no-]rerere-autoupdate::
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
@@ -170,6 +173,30 @@
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
 want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
+MERGING TAG
+-----------
+
+When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always
+creates a merge commit even if a fast-forward merge is possible, and
+the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
+Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported
+as a comment in the message template. See also linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit
+that happens to be tagged, e.g. synchronizing with an upstream
+release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
+
+In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it
+to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on
+your own. e.g.
+
+----
+git fetch origin
+git merge v1.2.3^0
+git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
+----
+
+
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -178,10 +205,10 @@
 non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
 other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
 final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
-however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
 resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
 
-By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
+By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
 from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
index f98a41b..055550b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
-with git merge tools.
+with Git merge tools.
 
 Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
 to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
index 6b563c5..07137f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>...]
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 65e167a..3ca158b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
   tagger <tagger>
 
 followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
-by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+by older Git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
 exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
-message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't
 care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index e3c8448..b1f7988 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
+Move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
 
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> <destination>
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 -k::
         Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
 	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
-        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+	controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing
         file unless '-f' is given.
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@
 --verbose::
 	Report the names of files as they are moved.
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Moving a submodule using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will update the gitfile and
+core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location.
+It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in
+the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used).
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
index ad1d146..ca28fb8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
-	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... )
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@
 	Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits
 
 --refs=<pattern>::
-	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.
+	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.  The pattern
+	can be one of branch name, tag name or fully qualified ref name.
 
 --all::
 	List all commits reachable from all refs
 
 --stdin::
-	Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable
-	commits, and pass to stdout
+	Transform stdin by substituting all the 40-character SHA-1
+	hexes (say $hex) with "$hex ($rev_name)".  When used with
+	--name-only, substitute with "$rev_name", omitting $hex
+	altogether.  Intended for the scripter's use.
 
 --name-only::
 	Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index b95aafa..46ef046 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 message, after an unindented line saying "Notes (<refname>):" (or
 "Notes:" for `refs/notes/commits`).
 
+Notes can also be added to patches prepared with `git format-patch` by
+using the `--notes` option. Such notes are added as a patch commentary
+after a three dash separator line.
+
 To change which notes are shown by 'git log', see the
 "notes.displayRef" configuration in linkgit:git-log[1].
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index beff622..8cba16d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
-using git.
+using Git.
 
-Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using
+Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using
 'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths.  Incorporate
 new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'.  The 'sync' command
 is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
-Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
+Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
 'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
 the updated p4 remote branch.
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 
-* Do some work in the newly created git repository:
+* Do some work in the newly created Git repository:
 +
 ------------
 $ cd project
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 $ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
 ------------
 
-* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
+* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
   work on top:
 +
 ------------
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@
 
 Clone
 ~~~~~
-Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory
+Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory
 from an existing p4 repository:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 This:
 
-1.   Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
+1.   Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
 +
 2.   Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
-depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
+depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
 +
 3.   Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
 
-To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on
+To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on
 the depot path:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@
 Sync
 ~~~~
 As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
-be included in the git repository using:
+be included in the Git repository using:
 ------------
 $ git p4 sync
 ------------
-This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.
+This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.
 
-P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using
+P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using
 'git p4 sync' too:
 ------------
 $ mkdir repo-git
@@ -103,14 +103,19 @@
 $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
 ------------
 This imports the specified depot into
-'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository.  The
+'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository.  The
 '--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
 be used for the p4 content.
 
-If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
+If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
 will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'.  Since
 importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
-from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+
+If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically
+use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes
+into the right branch.  This can be overridden with the '--branch'
+option to specify just a single branch to update.
 
 
 Rebase
@@ -127,13 +132,13 @@
 
 Submit
 ~~~~~~
-Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository
+Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository
 requires a separate p4 client workspace.  This should be specified
-using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration
+using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the Git configuration
 variable 'git-p4.client'.  The p4 client must exist, but the client root
 will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
 
-To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
+To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in
 the 'p4/master' branch, use:
 ------------
 $ git p4 submit
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@
 
 The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
 '--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
-according to the author of the git commit.  This option requires admin
+according to the author of the Git commit.  This option requires admin
 privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
 
 
@@ -171,14 +176,19 @@
 These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in
 subsequent 'sync' operations.
 
---branch <branch>::
-	Import changes into given branch.  If the branch starts with
-	'refs/', it will be used as is, otherwise the path 'refs/heads/'
-	will be prepended.  The default branch is 'master'.  If used
-	with an initial clone, no HEAD will be checked out.
+--branch <ref>::
+	Import changes into <ref> instead of refs/remotes/p4/master.
+	If <ref> starts with refs/, it is used as is.  Otherwise, if
+	it does not start with p4/, that prefix is added.
++
+By default a <ref> not starting with refs/ is treated as the
+name of a remote-tracking branch (under refs/remotes/).  This
+behavior can be modified using the --import-local option.
++
+The default <ref> is "master".
 +
 This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
-git repository:
+Git repository:
 +
 ----
     $ git init
@@ -199,11 +209,11 @@
 
 --detect-labels::
 	Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
-	them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
+	them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
 	associated with new changelists. Deprecated.
 
 --import-labels::
-	Import labels from p4 into git.
+	Import labels from p4 into Git.
 
 --import-local::
 	By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
@@ -219,12 +229,12 @@
 	specifier.
 
 --keep-path::
-	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by
+	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by
 	default, involves removing the entire depot path.  With this
-	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git.  For example,
+	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git.  For example,
 	path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
 	'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'.  With '--keep-path', the
-	git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
+	Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
 
 --use-client-spec::
 	Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
@@ -236,7 +246,7 @@
 options described above.
 
 --destination <directory>::
-	Where to create the git repository.  If not provided, the last
+	Where to create the Git repository.  If not provided, the last
 	component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
 	directory.
 
@@ -266,12 +276,12 @@
 	requires p4 admin privileges.
 
 --export-labels::
-	Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied
+	Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied
 	to the perforce working directory.
 
 --dry-run, -n::
 	Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change
-	state in git or p4.
+	state in Git or p4.
 
 --prepare-p4-only::
 	Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting
@@ -287,6 +297,11 @@
 	to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically
 	skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting.
 
+--branch <branch>::
+	After submitting, sync this named branch instead of the default
+	p4/master.  See the "Sync options" section above for more
+	information.
+
 Rebase options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
@@ -312,12 +327,12 @@
 "//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
     Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
     repository.  Only files below these directories are included.
-    There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
+    There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
     You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
     than one depot path.  The revision specifier must be specified
     identically on each depot path.  If there are files in the
     depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
-    updated version of the file is the one that appears in git.
+    updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git.
 
 See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
 
@@ -334,11 +349,11 @@
 work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does
 not have a command-line option.
 
-The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'Git p4'
+The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'git p4'
 knows only a subset of the view syntax.  It understands multi-line
 mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
 around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles
-'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'Git p4' will complain
+'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'git p4' will complain
 if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
 
 Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist.  If multiple depot
@@ -354,7 +369,7 @@
 
 BRANCH DETECTION
 ----------------
-P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git.  Instead,
+P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git.  Instead,
 p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
 different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
 The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
@@ -364,7 +379,7 @@
 If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
 subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
 when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
-subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.
+subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.
 
 For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
 ----
@@ -386,7 +401,7 @@
 
 However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
 them like branches.  Because it is difficult to infer branch
-relationships automatically, a git configuration setting
+relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting
 'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
 relationships.  It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
 simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
@@ -394,15 +409,17 @@
 presence of the p4 branch.  Without p4 branches, the same result will
 occur with:
 ----
+git init depot
+cd depot
 git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
-git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all .
 ----
 
 
 PERFORMANCE
 -----------
 The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
-each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, git garbage compression
+each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, Git garbage compression
 (linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
 but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
 
@@ -440,9 +457,9 @@
 Clone and sync variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
-	Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster
+	Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster
 	than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
-	first in git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
+	first in Git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
 	those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4.  This
 	variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
 
@@ -494,7 +511,7 @@
 	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  A boolean.
 
 git-p4.preserveUser::
-	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author,
+	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author,
 	regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
 
 git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
@@ -531,7 +548,7 @@
 	present.
 
 git-p4.exportLabels::
-	Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
+	Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
 
 git-p4.labelExportRegexp::
 	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The
@@ -543,11 +560,11 @@
 
 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
 ----------------------
-* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import.
+* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import.
 * Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
   collected using 'p4 print'.
 * Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
-  as the git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
+  as the Git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
   this p4 client and submitted from there.
 * Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
   message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index 20c8551..d94edcd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
-enables git to read from the pack archive.
+enables Git to read from the pack archive.
 
 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
-	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
+	<base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA-1> is a hash
 	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
 	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
 	output of the command.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 --include-tag::
 	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
-	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+	can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@
 	option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 +
 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
-required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
+required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
 
 --delta-base-offset::
 	A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 	either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
-	stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the
+	stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
 	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
 	former format for better compatibility.  This option
 	allows the command to use the latter format for
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
 +
 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
-in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
+in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 
 --threads=<n>::
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 	however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
index f131677..154081f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
 
 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
-refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
-occasionally run `git pack-refs --prune`.  Tags are by
+refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and
+occasionally run `git pack-refs`.  Tags are by
 definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
 heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
index 90268f0..312c3b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA-1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
 whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
 the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
 ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
index 80dc022..6738055 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently
+This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` for all objects that currently
 exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories.
 
 All such extra objects are removed.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
index 80d01b0..bf82410 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 `.git/objects/info/alternates`:
 
 ------------
-$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
+$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all)
 ------------
 
 Notes
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index 67fa5ee..200eb22 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
+git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 	  A---B---C master on origin
 	 /
     D---E---F---G master
+	^
+	origin/master in your repository
 ------------
 
 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@
 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 
 ------------
-	  A---B---C remotes/origin/master
+	  A---B---C origin/master
 	 /         \
     D---E---F---G---H master
 ------------
@@ -59,8 +61,8 @@
 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
 are presented and handled.
 
-In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
-`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
+In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
+`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@
 	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
 	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 	That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
-	commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
+	commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
 	merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
 	has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
 	merge result.
@@ -97,17 +99,23 @@
 Options related to merging
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-include::merge-options.txt[]
-
 :git-pull: 1
 
+include::merge-options.txt[]
+
 -r::
---rebase::
-	Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
-	fetching.  If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
-	the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
-	fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
-	non-local changes.
+--rebase[=false|true|preserve]::
+	When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+	branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
+	corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
+	was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+	to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
++
+When preserve, also rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+branch, but pass `--preserve-merges` along to `git rebase` so that
+locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
++
+When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
 +
 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
@@ -218,7 +226,7 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 
 
@@ -228,7 +236,7 @@
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index 8b637d3..9eec740 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
 	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
-	   [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+	   [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]]
+	   [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +24,17 @@
 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
 
+When the command line does not specify where to push with the
+`<repository>` argument, `branch.*.remote` configuration for the
+current branch is consulted to determine where to push.  If the
+configuration is missing, it defaults to 'origin'.
+
+When the command line does not specify what to push with `<refspec>...`
+arguments or `--all`, `--mirror`, `--tags` options, the command finds
+the default `<refspec>` by consulting `remote.*.push` configuration,
+and if it is not found, honors `push.default` configuration to decide
+what to push (See gitlink:git-config[1] for the meaning of `push.default`).
+
 
 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 ------------------
@@ -33,13 +45,10 @@
 	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
 
 <refspec>...::
+	Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
 	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	`+`, followed by the source object <src>, followed
 	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
-	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
-	in the remote repository is to be updated.  If not specified,
-	the behavior of the command is controlled by the `push.default`
-	configuration variable.
 +
 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
@@ -51,10 +60,11 @@
 updated.
 +
 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
-on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
-update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`,
-you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
-fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+on the remote side.  By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not
+a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward
+<dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update
+the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a
+fast-forward.)  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
 EXAMPLES below for details.
 +
 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -63,12 +73,9 @@
 the remote repository.
 +
 The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
-already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
-if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
-nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below) and
-no `push.default` configuration variable is set.
+already exists on the remote side.
 
 --all::
 	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
@@ -111,6 +118,12 @@
 	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
 	line.
 
+--follow-tags::
+	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
+	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
+	from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
+	reachable from the refs being pushed.
+
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
 	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
@@ -118,12 +131,75 @@
 	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
 	a directory on the default $PATH.
 
+--[no-]force-with-lease::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>::
+	Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is
+	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
++
+This option bypasses the check, but instead requires that the
+current value of the ref to be the expected value.  "git push"
+fails otherwise.
++
+Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
+You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
+replace the history you originally published with the rebased history.
+If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
+rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her
+commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work.
++
+This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
+updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
+still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
+other people did anything to the ref (it is like taking a "lease" on
+the ref without explicitly locking it, and you update the ref while
+making sure that your earlier "lease" is still valid).
++
+`--force-with-lease` alone, without specifying the details, will protect
+all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their
+current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
+for them, unless specified with a `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+option that explicitly states what the expected value is.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will
+protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
+requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
+branch we have for it.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone),
+if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
+the same as the specified value <expect> (which is allowed to be
+different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
+or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
+this form is used).
++
+Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
+still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
+with this feature.
++
+"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
+command line.
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
 	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
-	This flag disables the check.  This can cause the
-	remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
+	Also, when `--force-with-lease` option is used, the command refuses
+	to update a remote ref whose current value does not match
+	what is expected.
++
+This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
+to lose commits; use it with care.
++
+Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
+using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push
+destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs
+other than the current branch (including local refs that are
+strictly behind their remote counterpart).  To force a push to only
+one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push
+origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the
+`<refspec>...` section above for details.
 
 --repo=<repository>::
 	This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
@@ -150,8 +226,7 @@
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
 	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---thin::
---no-thin::
+--[no-]thin::
 	These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
 	significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
 	receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
@@ -176,7 +251,7 @@
 --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand::
 	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
 	pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is
-	used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
+	used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
 	the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
 	of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
 	aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used
@@ -184,6 +259,11 @@
 	be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary
 	revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
 
+--[no-]verify::
+	Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]).  The
+	default is \--verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
+	push.  With \--no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.
+
 
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
@@ -191,7 +271,7 @@
 ------
 
 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
-section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
 locally or via ssh).
 
 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
index 7f112f3..a356196 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving
 the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
 in the quilt patchset.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 interactively enter the author of the patch.
 
 If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
-preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index da067ec..94e07fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
 and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
 the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
-file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved,
 typically this would be done with
 
 
@@ -208,6 +208,9 @@
 rebase.autosquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autostash::
+	If set to true enable '--autostash' option by default.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --onto <newbase>::
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@
 reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with
 fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert
 the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -386,7 +389,9 @@
 	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
 	so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
 	commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
-	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).  Ignores subsequent
+	"fixup! " or "squash! " after the first, in case you referred to an
+	earlier fixup/squash with `git commit --fixup/--squash`.
 +
 This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
 +
@@ -394,6 +399,13 @@
 configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
 used to override and disable this setting.
 
+--[no-]autostash::
+	Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation
+	begins, and apply it after the operation ends.  This means
+	that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.  However, use
+	with care: the final stash application after a successful
+	rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+
 --no-ff::
 	With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
 	fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones.  This ensures that the
@@ -404,7 +416,7 @@
 You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option
 recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged
 successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 7fe2d22..70791b9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
 see linkgit:git-log[1].
 
-The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
+The reflog is useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value
 of a reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be
 two moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to
 point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for
@@ -67,14 +67,19 @@
 --expire=<time>::
 	Entries older than this time are pruned.  Without the
 	option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`,
-	which in turn defaults to 90 days.
+	which in turn defaults to 90 days.  --expire=all prunes
+	entries regardless of their age; --expire=never turns off
+	pruning of reachable entries (but see --expire-unreachable).
 
 --expire-unreachable=<time>::
 	Entries older than this time and not reachable from
 	the current tip of the branch are pruned.  Without the
 	option it is taken from configuration
 	`gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to
-	30 days.
+	30 days.  --expire-unreachable=all prunes unreachable
+	entries regardless of their age; --expire-unreachable=never
+	turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see
+	--expire).
 
 --all::
 	Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
index 8a8e1d7..8cfc748 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect
-to a remote git server.
+to a remote Git server.
 
 Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed
 to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 
 '%s'::
 	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
-	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+	upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%S'::
 	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
 	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
-	git wants to invoke.
+	Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument)::
 	This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 EXAMPLES:
 ---------
-This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+This remote helper is transparently used by Git when
 you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
 , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL>
 begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 	edit .ssh/config.
 
 "ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
-	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessible over
 	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@
 	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
 	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
 	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
 	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
 	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
 	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list
 <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
index f095d57..933c2ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server.
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server.
 This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
 fetch, push or archive.
 
 If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected
-to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
 git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
-to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
 and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
 
 It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49233f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+git-remote-helpers
+==================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
index 2a67d45..f791d73 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
 
 The best way to learn more is to read the comments and source code in
-'git-remote-testgit.py'.
+'git-remote-testgit'.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1]
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index e8c396b..2507c8b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
 --------
 [verse]
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
-'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
 'git remote rename' <old> <new>
 'git remote remove' <name>
-'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
+'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)
 'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>...
 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
 'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
-'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
-'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>...
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>...
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@
 `master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally
 specify `origin/master`.
 +
-With `-d`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
+With `-d` or `--delete`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
 +
-With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
+With `-a` or `--auto`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
 symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote
 `HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set
 the symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will
@@ -187,18 +187,25 @@
 $ git remote
 origin
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
 $ git remote
-linux-nfs
 origin
-$ git fetch
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+staging
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-linux-nfs/master
-$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
+$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
 ...
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
index 4c1aff6..509cf73 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently
+This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
 reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
 existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 51131d0..f373ab4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -16,13 +16,19 @@
 -----------
 Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace.
 
-The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
-replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the
 replacement object.
 
+The replaced object and the replacement object must be of the same type.
+This restriction can be bypassed using `-f`.
+
 Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist.
 
-Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+There is no other restriction on the replaced and replacement objects.
+Merge commits can be replaced by non-merge commits and vice versa.
+
+Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands
 except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
 fsck).
 
@@ -49,18 +55,34 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -f::
+--force::
 	If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
 	be overwritten (instead of failing).
 
 -d::
+--delete::
 	Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
 
 -l <pattern>::
+--list <pattern>::
 	List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
 	all if no pattern is given).
 	Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
 	refs.
 
+CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS
+----------------------------
+
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and
+linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create
+replacement objects from existing objects.
+
+If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a
+string of commits, you may just want to create a replacement string of
+commits and then only replace the commit at the tip of the target
+string of commits with the commit at the tip of the replacement string
+of commits.
+
 BUGS
 ----
 Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
@@ -69,12 +91,13 @@
 commit instead of the replaced commit.
 
 There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
-pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
-type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
-replaced by a commit).
+pending objects.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1]
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 linkgit:git-tag[1]
 linkgit:git-branch[1]
 linkgit:git[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 978d8da..f445cb3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
+In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
-modifying index and working tree to match.  The <commit> defaults to HEAD
-in all forms.
+modifying index and working tree to match.  The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
+to HEAD in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
 	This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
-	state at <commit>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
+	state at <tree-ish>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
 	the current branch.)
 +
 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
-	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
 +
 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 38fafca..045b37b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	     [ \--right-only ]
 	     [ \--cherry-mark ]
 	     [ \--cherry-pick ]
-	     [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
+	     [ \--encoding=<encoding> ]
 	     [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
 	     [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
 	     [ \--extended-regexp | -E ]
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 	$ git rev-list A...B
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
 used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 3c63561..d068a65 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
@@ -24,9 +24,23 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
 --parseopt::
 	Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
 
+--sq-quote::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --keep-dashdash::
 	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
 	out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
@@ -36,10 +50,8 @@
 	the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
 	that take options themselves.
 
---sq-quote::
-	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
-	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
-	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --revs-only::
 	Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
@@ -55,13 +67,43 @@
 --no-flags::
 	Do not output flag parameters.
 
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --default <arg>::
 	If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
 	instead.
 
+--prefix <arg>::
+	Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+	subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
+	resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+	in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository.  For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
+----
+
 --verify::
-	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
-	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+	Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+	can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+	access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+	output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -83,8 +125,19 @@
 	strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
 	one.
 
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
+	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
 --symbolic::
-	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 	form as close to the original input as possible.
 
@@ -96,16 +149,8 @@
 	unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
 	refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
 
---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
-	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
-	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
-	abbreviation mode.
-
---disambiguate=<prefix>::
-	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
-	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
-	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
-	mistake.
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --all::
 	Show all refs found in `refs/`.
@@ -128,18 +173,20 @@
 	character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
 	match by appending `/*`.
 
---show-toplevel::
-	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+	mistake.
 
---show-prefix::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
-	directory.
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---show-cdup::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
-	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+--local-env-vars::
+	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+	even if they are set.
 
 --git-dir::
 	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
@@ -147,7 +194,7 @@
 	relative to the current working directory.
 +
 If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
-is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
 --is-inside-git-dir::
@@ -161,17 +208,27 @@
 --is-bare-repository::
 	When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
 
---local-env-vars::
-	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
-	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
-	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
-	even if they are set.
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+	Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+	points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+	repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+	to the real repository is printed.
 
---short::
---short=number::
-	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
-	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
-	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+--show-cdup::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+	directory.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --since=datestring::
 --after=datestring::
@@ -186,10 +243,6 @@
 <args>...::
 	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 
---resolve-git-dir <path>::
-	Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid
-	git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will
-	be printed.
 
 include::revisions.txt[]
 
@@ -306,12 +359,12 @@
 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 +
 ------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 ------------
 +
 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
 +
 ------------
 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
index 70152e8..2de67a5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
+'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
 'git revert' --continue
 'git revert' --quit
 'git revert' --abort
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously
 reverted merge.  This may or may not be what you want.
 +
-See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
+See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
 more details.
 
 --no-edit::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 5d31860..9d731b4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 -------
 <file>...::
 	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
 	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
 	A leading directory name
 	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
 
 The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
 file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
 
 File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
 two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
@@ -134,6 +134,27 @@
 git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
 ----------------
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
+superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
+still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
+or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the
+submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also
+be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used).
+
+A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
+recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
+files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
+Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
+tree from being removed.
+
+If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your
+work tree without committing the removal,
+use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git rm Documentation/\*.txt`::
@@ -141,7 +162,7 @@
 	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
 +
 Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
-example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
 of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 
 `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index 3241170..f0e57a5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 --annotate::
-	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
-	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
+	of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
+	'sendemail.multiedit'.
 
 --bcc=<address>::
 	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@
 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
-(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
 +
 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
@@ -126,6 +127,10 @@
 +
 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
 
+--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
+
 
 Sending
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -160,8 +165,8 @@
 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
-specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
-user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
+a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
@@ -193,6 +198,12 @@
 --smtp-ssl::
 	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
 
+--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
+	Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath'
+	configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise.
+
 --smtp-user=<user>::
 	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
 	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
index bd3eaa6..dc3a568 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
index 5e5f1c8..4f67c4c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
-the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.
 
 Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
 `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
@@ -41,9 +41,11 @@
 	die with the usage message.
 
 set_reflog_action::
-	set the message that will be recorded to describe the
-	end-user action in the reflog, when the script updates a
-	ref.
+	Set GIT_REFLOG_ACTION environment to a given string (typically
+	the name of the program) unless it is already set.  Whenever
+	the script runs a `git` command that updates refs, a reflog
+	entry is created using the value of this string to leave the
+	record of what command updated the ref.
 
 git_editor::
 	runs an editor of user's choice (GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or
@@ -82,6 +84,12 @@
 	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
 
+create_virtual_base::
+	modifies the first file so only lines in common with the
+	second file remain. If there is insufficient common material,
+	then the first file is left empty. The result is suitable
+	as a virtual base input for a 3-way merge.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 9b92506..c35051b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -9,25 +9,81 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
+'chsh' -s $(command -v git-shell) <user>
+'git clone' <user>`@localhost:/path/to/repo.git`
+'ssh' <user>`@localhost`
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
-'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
-<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
-upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
-is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
-case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
-invoked.
+This is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
+It permits execution only of server-side Git commands implementing the
+pull/push functionality, plus custom commands present in a subdirectory
+named `git-shell-commands` in the user's home directory.
 
-'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+COMMANDS
+--------
 
-COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
-read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
-programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
-<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
+'git shell' accepts the following commands after the '-c' option:
+
+'git receive-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-archive <argument>'::
+	Call the corresponding server-side command to support
+	the client's 'git push', 'git fetch', or 'git archive --remote'
+	request.
+'cvs server'::
+	Imitate a CVS server.  See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell' will
+also handle other, custom commands by running
+"`git-shell-commands/<command> <arguments>`" from the user's home
+directory.
+
+INTERACTIVE USE
+---------------
+
+By default, the commands above can be executed only with the '-c'
+option; the shell is not interactive.
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell'
+can also be run interactively (with no arguments).  If a `help`
+command is present in the `git-shell-commands` directory, it is
+run to provide the user with an overview of allowed actions.  Then a
+"git> " prompt is presented at which one can enter any of the
+commands from the `git-shell-commands` directory, or `exit` to close
+the connection.
+
+Generally this mode is used as an administrative interface to allow
+users to list repositories they have access to, create, delete, or
+rename repositories, or change repository descriptions and
+permissions.
+
+If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the
+interactive shell is aborted.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead:
++
+----------------
+$ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell
+$ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands
+$ cat >$HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s\n' "Hi $USER! You've successfully authenticated, but I do not"
+printf '%s\n' "provide interactive shell access."
+exit 128
+EOF
+$ chmod +x $HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login
+----------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+ssh(1),
+linkgit:git-daemon[1],
+contrib/git-shell-commands/README
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index afeb4cd..31af7f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
-'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [<options>]
+'git shortlog' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--h::
---help::
-	Print a short usage message and exit.
-
 -n::
 --numbered::
 	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
@@ -56,7 +52,25 @@
 	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
 	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
 	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
++
+If width is `0` (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping
+them.
 
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files
+	that match the specified paths came to be.
++
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index a8e77b5..a515648 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <rev>::
-	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
+	Arbitrary extended SHA-1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
 	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
 
 <glob>::
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
 otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
 a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
-can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+can be used as an extended SHA-1 to name that commit.
 
 The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
 and "mhf":
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 2dcbbb2..fbdc8ad 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with
 'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
 
 The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
 'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
-offset and SHA1 of each object.
+offset and SHA-1 of each object.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
index 5dbcd47..b0a309b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
 particular ref exists.
 
+By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs.
+
 The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the
 refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository.
 
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@
 
 --head::
 
-	Show the HEAD reference.
+	Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out.
 
 --tags::
 --heads::
 
-	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
-	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
-	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+	Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These options
+	are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in
+	"refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
 
 -d::
 --dereference::
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@
 -s::
 --hash[=<n>]::
 
-	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
-	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+	Only show the SHA-1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA-1.
 
 --verify::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt
index ae4edcc..4e617e6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
+-------------------
+
+:git-log: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 711ffe1..db7e803 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@
 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
+'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]]
 'git stash' clear
-'git stash' create
+'git stash' create [<message>]
+'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -151,7 +152,15 @@
 
 	Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its
 	object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace.
+	This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is probably not
+	the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
+store::
+
+	Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a
+	dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
+	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
+	probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 67e5f53..a4acaa0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
 current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
 tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
-tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
 are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
 third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
 `git commit`.
@@ -35,23 +35,32 @@
 --porcelain::
 	Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
 	This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable
-	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
+	across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
+--long::
+	Give the output in the long-format. This is the default.
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
 The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
-specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
-default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
+specify the handling of untracked files.
 +
 The possible options are:
 +
-	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
-	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
 +
+When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
+shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
+forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
+to find untracked files in the filesystem, this mode may take some
+time in a large working tree.  You can use `no` to have `git status`
+return more quickly without showing untracked files.
++
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -93,7 +102,7 @@
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
 
-The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are
 made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
 subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
 the status.relativePaths config option below.
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed
-not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or
+not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or
 based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts.
 The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain
 format, with a few exceptions:
@@ -201,7 +210,13 @@
 If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
 to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for
 the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be
-shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+that the summary output from the status command will be suppressed for all
+submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those
+submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for
+ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command
+line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar
+output but does not honor these settings.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
index a80d946..c87bfcb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit
+Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit
 messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.
 
 With no arguments, this will:
@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@
 -------
 -s::
 --strip-comments::
-	Skip and remove all lines starting with '#'.
+	Skip and remove all lines starting with comment character (default '#').
+
+-c::
+--comment-lines::
+	Prepend comment character and blank to each line. Lines will automatically
+	be terminated with a newline. On empty lines, only the comment character
+	will be prepended.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index a65f38e..bfef8a0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
+	      [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>]
+	      [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
 	      [commit] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@
 to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
 "humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
 "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
+The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
+configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
 +
 <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
 This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@
 <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
 exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
 submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
-exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
 to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
 to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
 the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
@@ -122,8 +126,10 @@
 too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
 
 init::
-	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
-	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
+	added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
+	names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
+	Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
 	It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
 	.git/config.
 	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
@@ -134,13 +140,28 @@
 	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
 	any submodule locations.
 
+deinit::
+	Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
+	`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
+	tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
+	and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
+	they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
+	have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
+	you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
+	that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
+it contains local modifications.
+
 update::
 	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
 	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
 	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or
 	`--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
 	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying
-	`--checkout`.
+	`--checkout`. Setting the key `submodule.$name.update` to `!command`
+	will cause `command` to be run. `command` can be any arbitrary shell
+	command that takes a single argument, namely the sha1 to update to.
 +
 If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
 setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
@@ -208,11 +229,15 @@
 -b::
 --branch::
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+	The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in
+	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	This option is only valid for add and update commands.
+	This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
 	When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
+	When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
+	they contain local changes.
 	When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
 	switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation
 	in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
@@ -236,6 +261,27 @@
 	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
 	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
 
+--remote::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
+	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
+	status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
+	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
+	precedence).
++
+This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
+`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
+For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
+submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
+--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
++
+In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
+fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
+SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
+--remote --no-fetch`.
+
 -N::
 --no-fetch::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
@@ -265,6 +311,11 @@
 	Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
 	called so far before updating.
 
+--name::
+	This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
+	name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
+	must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
+
 --reference <repository>::
 	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
 	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
@@ -279,6 +330,12 @@
 	only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
 	in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
 
+--depth::
+	This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
+	clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
+	See linkgit:git-clone[1]
+
+
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 69decb1..30c5ee2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
-It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git
 repository.
 
 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
 (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
 
-Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git
 repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
-Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
 'init'::
-	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	Initializes an empty Git repository with additional
 	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
 	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
 	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
@@ -79,12 +79,29 @@
 	trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
 	argument if that is what you want.  If --branches/-b is
 	specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash.
-	Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple
-	projects that share a common repository.
+	Setting a prefix (with a trailing slash) is strongly
+	encouraged in any case, as your SVN-tracking refs will
+	then be located at "refs/remotes/$prefix/*", which is
+	compatible with Git's own remote-tracking ref layout
+	(refs/remotes/$remote/*). Setting a prefix is also useful
+	if you wish to track multiple projects that share a common
+	repository.
++
+NOTE: In Git v2.0, the default prefix will CHANGE from "" (no prefix)
+to "origin/". This is done to put SVN-tracking refs at
+"refs/remotes/origin/*" instead of "refs/remotes/*", and make them
+more compatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized
+(i.e. refs/remotes/$remote/*). You can enjoy the same benefits today,
+by using the --prefix option.
+
 --ignore-paths=<regex>;;
 	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
 	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
 	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--include-paths'.
 --no-minimize-url;;
 	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
 	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
@@ -100,19 +117,22 @@
 'fetch'::
 	Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
 	tracking.  The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
-	.git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
-	argument.
+	$GIT_DIR/config file may be specified as an optional
+	command-line argument.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 --localtime;;
-	Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC.  This
+	Store Git commit times in the local time zone instead of UTC.  This
 	makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
-	that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
+	that `svn log` would in the local time zone.
 +
 This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
 repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
 repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
 repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
-the same local timezone.
+the same local time zone.
 
 --parent;;
 	Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
@@ -146,12 +166,20 @@
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause the inclusion of only matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--include-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository. '--ignore-paths' takes
+	precedence over '--include-paths'.
+
 --log-window-size=<n>;;
-    Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
-    The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
-    values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
-    time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
-    request timeouts.
+	Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
+	The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
+	values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
+	time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
+	request timeouts.
 
 'clone'::
 	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
@@ -189,6 +217,9 @@
 +
 Like 'git rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
 and have no uncommitted changes.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 -l;;
 --local;;
@@ -199,9 +230,9 @@
 	Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN
 	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
 	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
-	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in Git.
 +
-When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name)
+When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name)
 is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified
 branch, not on the current branch.
 +
@@ -244,8 +275,8 @@
 	For each patch, one may answer "yes" (accept this patch), "no" (discard this
 	patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit".
 	+
-	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without
-	commiting anything to SVN.
+	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer is "no" or "quit", without
+	committing anything to SVN.
 
 'branch'::
 	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
@@ -259,13 +290,15 @@
 	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
 	specified during git svn init.
 
--d;;
---destination;;
+-d<path>;;
+--destination=<path>;;
+
 	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
 	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
-	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
-	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
-	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  <path> specifies which
+	path to use to create the branch or tag and should match the pattern
+	on the left-hand side of one of the configured branches or tags
+	refspecs.  You can see these refspecs with the commands
 +
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
@@ -286,6 +319,11 @@
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 +
 
+--parents;;
+	Create parent folders. This parameter is equivalent to the parameter
+	--parents on svn cp commands and is useful for non-standard repository
+	layouts.
+
 'tag'::
 	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
 	'branch -t'.
@@ -316,7 +354,7 @@
 +
 --
 --show-commit;;
-	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+	shows the Git commit sha1, as well
 --oneline;;
 	our version of --pretty=oneline
 --
@@ -328,24 +366,34 @@
 Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 
 'blame'::
-       Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
-       output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
-       `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
-       local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
-       the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
-       arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
+	Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
+	output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
+	`svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
+	local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
+	the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
+	arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
 +
 --git-format;;
 	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
-	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode,
 	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
 	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
 
 'find-rev'::
 	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
-	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
 	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
 	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
++
+--before;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision, instead find
+	the commit corresponding to the state of the SVN repository (on the
+	current branch) at the specified revision.
++
+--after;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision; if there is
+	not an exact match return the closest match searching forward in the
+	history.
 
 'set-tree'::
 	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
@@ -368,7 +416,7 @@
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
 'mkdirs'::
-	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track
 	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
 	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
 	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
@@ -406,8 +454,8 @@
 	specific revision.
 
 'gc'::
-	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files in .git/svn
-	and remove $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>index files in .git/svn.
+	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files and remove
+	$GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/index files.
 
 'reset'::
 	Undoes the effects of 'fetch' back to the specified revision.
@@ -420,9 +468,10 @@
 	file cannot be ignored forever (with --ignore-paths) the only
 	way to repair the repo is to use 'reset'.
 +
-Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed.  Follow 'reset'
-with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to move local
-branches onto the new tree.
+Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
+Follow 'reset' with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to
+move local branches onto the new tree.
 
 -r <n>;;
 --revision=<n>;;
@@ -500,9 +549,9 @@
 +
 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
 behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  Git
 cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-the commit to SVN act like git.
+the commit to SVN act like Git.
 +
 [verse]
 config key: svn.rmdir
@@ -589,7 +638,7 @@
 	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
 	'tag' commands.
 +
-For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show
 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
 +
 For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
@@ -600,14 +649,14 @@
 creating the branch or tag.
 
 --use-log-author::
-	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
+	When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
 	'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line
 	in the log message and use that as the author string.
 --add-author-from::
-	When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
+	When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
 	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
 	`From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the
-	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
+	Git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
 	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
 
 
@@ -632,7 +681,7 @@
 	one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags,
 	--branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find
 	out where its revision was copied from, and set
-	a suitable parent in the first git commit for the branch.
+	a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch.
 	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
 	that has been moved around within the repository.  If this
 	feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all
@@ -655,7 +704,7 @@
 +
 This option can only be used for one-shot imports as 'git svn'
 will not be able to fetch again without metadata. Additionally,
-if you lose your .git/svn/**/.rev_map.* files, 'git svn' will not
+if you lose your '$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' files, 'git svn' will not
 be able to rebuild them.
 +
 The 'git svn log' command will not work on repositories using
@@ -664,7 +713,7 @@
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git
+reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
 and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
 linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
 reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
@@ -704,7 +753,7 @@
 
 svn-remote.<name>.pushurl::
 
-	Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
+	Similar to Git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
 	to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository
 	via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write
 	transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same
@@ -758,15 +807,15 @@
 	cd trunk
 # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
 	git branch
-# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+# Do some work and commit locally to Git:
 	git commit ...
 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
 # latest changes in SVN:
 	git svn rebase
-# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN,
 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
 	git svn dcommit
-# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file:
 	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -775,16 +824,16 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Clone a repo with standard SVN directory layout (like git clone):
-	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout --prefix svn/
 # Or, if the repo uses a non-standard directory layout:
-	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag --prefix svn/
 # View all branches and tags you have cloned:
 	git branch -r
 # Create a new branch in SVN
-    git svn branch waldo
+	git svn branch waldo
 # Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
 # with the appropriate name):
-	git reset --hard remotes/trunk
+	git reset --hard svn/trunk
 # You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time.  The usage
 # of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -798,7 +847,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Do the initial import on a server
-	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project
+	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project [options...]"
 # Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server
 	mkdir project
 	cd project
@@ -806,13 +855,14 @@
 	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
 	git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
 	git fetch
-# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future,
+# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future,
 # we only want to use git svn for future updates
 	git config --remove-section remote.origin
 # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
 	git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD
-# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server)
-	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project
+# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and
+# --stdlayout/-T/-b/-t/--prefix options as were used on server)
+	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project [options...]
 # Pull the latest changes from Subversion
 	git svn rebase
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -839,14 +889,14 @@
 copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
 standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
 inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
-users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease
 compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
 
 HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES
 ------------------------
 If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches
-is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple git branches for one
-SVN branch, where the addtional branches have names of the form
+is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one
+SVN branch, where the additional branches have names of the form
 'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number).  These additional
 branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the
 first commit in an SVN branch, to connect the branch to the history of
@@ -855,17 +905,17 @@
 Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists
 of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN
 revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the
-git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
+Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
 parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable
-git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
+Git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
 if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git
 svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with
 '--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked
 by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a
 subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still
-create a git branch, but instead of using an existing git commit as the
+create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the
 parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the
-branch was copied from and create appropriate git commits.  This is
+branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits.  This is
 indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".
 
 Additionally, it will create a special branch named
@@ -875,15 +925,15 @@
 and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple
 such branches with an '@'.
 
-Note that this may mean that multiple git commits are created for a
+Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a
 single SVN revision.
 
 An example: in an SVN repository with a standard
 trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100.
 In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn
-clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new git
+clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git
 commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch
-'sub'. Thus there will be two git commits for each revision from r.100
+'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100
 to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally,
 it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of
 branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).
@@ -894,13 +944,13 @@
 For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion,
 it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
 directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
-operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
-method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+operations between Git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is
 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
 
 Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
 plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any
-merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch
 that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
 branch.
 
@@ -919,7 +969,7 @@
 using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
 at all.
 
-Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to
 before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
 on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
 see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
@@ -931,7 +981,7 @@
 
 When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing
 the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches,
---stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a git repository with
+--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with
 completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate
 directories in the working copy.  While this is the easiest way to get a
 copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will
@@ -944,12 +994,22 @@
 branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' /
 '--tags' must be used.
 
+When using the options for describing the repository layout (--trunk,
+--tags, --branches, --stdlayout), please also specify the --prefix
+option (e.g. '--prefix=origin/') to cause your SVN-tracking refs to be
+placed at refs/remotes/origin/* rather than the default refs/remotes/*.
+The former is more compatible with the layout of Git's "regular"
+remote-tracking refs (refs/remotes/$remote/*), and may potentially
+prevent similarly named SVN branches and Git remotes from clobbering
+each other. In Git v2.0 the default prefix used (i.e. when no --prefix
+is given) will change from "" (no prefix) to "origin/".
+
 When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
 handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
 the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
-use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
-the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
-different name spaces.  For example:
+use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+the $GIT_DIR/config file so that the branches and tags are associated
+with different name spaces.  For example:
 
 	branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/*
 	branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/*
@@ -960,12 +1020,12 @@
 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
 
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
 tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
 renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for git to detect them.
+for Git to detect them.
 
 In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
 (because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
@@ -977,7 +1037,7 @@
 -------------
 
 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
-repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+repository $GIT_DIR/config file.  It is similar the core Git
 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
 and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
@@ -1006,14 +1066,46 @@
 [svn-remote "huge-project"]
 	url = http://server.org/svn
 	fetch = trunk/src:refs/remotes/trunk
-	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/branches/*
-	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
+	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "messy-repo"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	fetch = branches/demos/june-project-a-demo:refs/remotes/project-a/demos/june-demo
+	branches = branches/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/demos/2011/*:refs/remotes/project-a/2011-demos/*
+	tags = tags/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Creating a branch in such a configuration requires disambiguating which
+location to use using the -d or --destination flag:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
 or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
-fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
-reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+fetching, then $GIT_DIR/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove
+(or reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+
+FILES
+-----
+$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*::
+	Mapping between Subversion revision numbers and Git commit
+	names.  In a repository where the noMetadata option is not set,
+	this can be rebuilt from the git-svn-id: lines that are at the
+	end of every commit (see the 'svn.noMetadata' section above for
+	details).
++
+'git svn fetch' and 'git svn rebase' automatically update the rev_map
+if it is missing or not up to date.  'git svn reset' automatically
+rewinds it.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
index 981d3a8..ef68ad2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
+git-symbolic-ref - Read, modify and delete symbolic refs
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git symbolic-ref' [-m <reason>] <name> <ref>
 'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [--short] <name>
+'git symbolic-ref' --delete [-q] <name>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@
 Given two arguments, creates or updates a symbolic ref <name> to
 point at the given branch <ref>.
 
+Given `--delete` and an additional argument, deletes the given
+symbolic ref.
+
 A symbolic ref is a regular file that stores a string that
 begins with `ref: refs/`.  For example, your `.git/HEAD` is
 a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
@@ -28,6 +32,10 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
+-d::
+--delete::
+	Delete the symbolic ref <name>.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not issue an error message if the <name> is not a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 6470cff..c418c44 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
 are absent, `-a` is implied.
 
-Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
 created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
 
 A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
@@ -42,6 +42,17 @@
 GnuPG key for signing. 	The configuration variable `gpg.program`
 is used to specify custom GnuPG binary.
 
+Tag objects (created with `-a`, `s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated"
+tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a
+tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a
+"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit
+object).
+
+Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant
+for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git
+commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore
+lightweight tags by default.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -126,6 +137,12 @@
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
 
+<commit>::
+<object>::
+	The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
+	Defaults to HEAD.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
@@ -242,7 +259,7 @@
 In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
 person's tags.
 
-One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which
+One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
 largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
 "downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
 example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
index a96403c..78a0d95 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tools.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-A short git tools survey
+A short Git tools survey
 ========================
 
 
 Introduction
 ------------
 
-Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
+Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
 you may want to look.
 
 This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
@@ -17,26 +17,26 @@
 
    - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
 
-   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
+   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history
    storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
-   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
+   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git
    itself and indeed many other version control systems.
 
    Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
-   is now in core GIT.
+   is now in core Git.
 
 
    - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
 
-   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
-   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
+   pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of
+   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a
    slightly different feature set.
 
 
    - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
 
-   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
-   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
+   Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
+   Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git
    until they get merged upstream.
 
 
@@ -45,33 +45,33 @@
 
    - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
+   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily.
 
 
    - *gitview*  (contrib/)
 
-   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
+   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git
 
 
    - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
+   Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories.
 
 
    - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
 
-   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
+   QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
    to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
    changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
-   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
+   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git
    viewers and commit tools.
 
    - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
 
-   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
+   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser
    written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
    for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
-   use it as a pager for git commands.
+   use it as a pager for Git commands.
 
 
 Foreign SCM interface
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@
    - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
 
    git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-   branch and git.
+   branch and Git.
 
 
    - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
 
    These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
-   series in git back and forth.
+   series in Git back and forth.
 
 
    - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
 
-   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
+   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and
    preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
-   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
+   also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository
    in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
 
 
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@
 
    - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
 
-   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
+   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and
    Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
    to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
    perform the commit itself.
 
    - *git.el* (contrib/)
 
-   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
+   This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modelled on
    pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
    tweaking to work on XEmacs.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
index ff23494..12cb108 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] <pack-file
+'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] < <pack-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index 9d0b151..e0a8702 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
 	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
-	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
+	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
@@ -77,15 +77,14 @@
 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 
---assume-unchanged::
---no-assume-unchanged::
+--[no-]assume-unchanged::
 	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
 	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
-	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops
 	checking the working tree files for possible
 	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
-	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+	tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
@@ -102,8 +101,7 @@
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 
---skip-worktree::
---no-skip-worktree::
+--[no-]skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
@@ -145,7 +143,15 @@
 
 --index-version <n>::
 	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
-	The current default version is 2.
+	Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
+	or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
+	`git add -N`.
++
+Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
+size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
+time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
+October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
+may not support it yet.
 
 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
@@ -239,7 +245,7 @@
 ------------
 
 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
-path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
 
@@ -253,18 +259,18 @@
 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------
 
-Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
-cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
-path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
-see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+cause Git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
-tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
 
 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@
 
 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
-paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index d377a35..0a0a551 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])
+'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z])
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -58,6 +58,58 @@
 With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
 still contains <oldvalue>.
 
+With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
+performs all modifications together.  Specify commands of the form:
+
+	update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
+	delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	option SP <opt> LF
+
+Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
+code.  Alternatively, use `-z` to specify commands without quoting:
+
+	update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
+	delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	option SP <opt> NUL
+
+Lines of any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error.
+Command meanings are:
+
+update::
+	Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given.
+	Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist
+	after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the
+	ref does not exist before the update.
+
+create::
+	Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not
+	exist.  The given <newvalue> may not be zero.
+
+delete::
+	Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if
+	given.  If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero.
+
+verify::
+	Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it.  If
+	<oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
+
+option::
+	Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
+	The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
+	a symbolic ref.
+
+Use 40 "0" or the empty string to specify a zero value, except that
+with `-z` an empty <oldvalue> is considered missing.
+
+If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s
+simultaneously, all modifications are performed.  Otherwise, no
+modifications are performed.  Note that while each individual
+<ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may
+still see a subset of the modifications.
 
 Logging Updates
 ---------------
@@ -73,7 +125,7 @@
 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
 <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
-and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
 
 Optionally with -m:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
index 4d52d38..d09bbb5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
-other end over the git protocol.
+other end over the Git protocol.
 
 This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
 for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
index 71f1608..0abc806 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 -------
 
 --strict::
-	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory.
 
 --timeout=<n>::
 	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
index 67edf58..44ff954 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-var.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-var - Show a git logical variable
+git-var - Show a Git logical variable
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Prints a git logical variable.
+Prints a Git logical variable.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -l::
 	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
-	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed
 	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
 	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
 
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
     The author of a piece of code.
 
 GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
-    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+    The person who put a piece of code into Git.
 
 GIT_EDITOR::
-    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    Text editor for use by Git commands.  The value is meant to be
     interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
     `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
     --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 endif::git-default-editor[]
 
 GIT_PAGER::
-    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
     is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
     is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
     configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index cd23076..526ba7b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the
 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
 corresponding pack file.
 
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@
 -------------
 When specifying the -v option the format used is:
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
 
 for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA-1
 
 for objects that are deltified.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index 5ff76e8..f88ba96 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
 
 <tag>...::
-	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git tag objects.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index c2bc87b..2de575f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 * dillo
 * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)
 * start (this is the default under MinGW)
+* cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin)
+* xdg-open
 
 Custom commands may also be specified.
 
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
 
 -c <conf.var>::
 --config=<conf.var>::
-	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set,
 	then its value specifies the browser that should be used.
 
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
index 6c8f510..8b63ceb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -13,43 +13,17 @@
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
-command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to
-'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of
-these commands.
 
-This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.
 
+New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead.  The
+`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1]
+but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
--p::
-	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
-	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
-	paths and their nature of changes.
+The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of
+many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by
+reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it.
 
--<n>::
-	Limit output to <n> commits.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
-	exclusive, top inclusive).
-
--r::
-	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
-	not just the top level.
-
--m::
-	By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
-	With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
-	of its parents.
-+
-However, it is not very useful in general, although it
-*is* useful on a file-by-file basis.
-
-include::pretty-options.txt[]
-
-include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 Examples
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index b0e8f02..3648318 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
     [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
     [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
     [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 in-depth introduction.
 
 After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
-page to learn what commands git offers.  You can learn more about
-individual git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
+page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
 manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax.
 
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
 can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
 
 ifdef::stalenotes[]
@@ -39,10 +39,57 @@
 ============
 
 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
+* link:v1.8.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
+
+* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
 * link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
 
 * release notes for
@@ -349,12 +396,12 @@
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --version::
-	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+	Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
 
 --help::
 	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
-	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 +
 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
@@ -362,6 +409,20 @@
 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
 help ...`.
 
+-C <path>::
+	Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+	directory.  When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+	non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+	<path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+    git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+    git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
 -c <name>=<value>::
 	Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 	given will override values from configuration files.
@@ -369,22 +430,22 @@
 	'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
 
 --exec-path[=<path>]::
-	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
 --html-path::
-	Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
+	Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
 	documentation is installed and exit.
 
 --man-path::
 	Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
-	this version of git and exit.
+	this version of Git and exit.
 
 --info-path::
 	Print the path where the Info files documenting this
-	version of git are installed and exit.
+	version of Git are installed and exit.
 
 -p::
 --paginate::
@@ -394,7 +455,7 @@
 	below).
 
 --no-pager::
-	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
 	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
@@ -410,7 +471,7 @@
 	more detailed discussion).
 
 --namespace=<path>::
-	Set the git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+	Set the Git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
 	details.  Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
 	variable.
 
@@ -420,14 +481,34 @@
 	directory.
 
 --no-replace-objects::
-	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
 	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
 
+--literal-pathspecs::
+	Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+	This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+	variable to `1`.
+
+--glob-pathspecs::
+	Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(literal)"
+
+--noglob-pathspecs::
+	Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(glob)"
+
+--icase-pathspecs::
+	Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
 
 GIT COMMANDS
 ------------
 
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
 ("plumbing") commands.
 
 High-level commands (porcelain)
@@ -464,7 +545,7 @@
 Low-level commands (plumbing)
 -----------------------------
 
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
@@ -522,10 +603,9 @@
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
 
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people.  Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
 
 ------------
 #
@@ -540,13 +620,13 @@
 ; user identity
 [user]
 	name = "Junio C Hamano"
-	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+	email = "gitster@pobox.com"
 
 ------------
 
 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
 their operation accordingly.  See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-list.
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
 
 
 Identifier Terminology
@@ -585,7 +665,7 @@
 
 Symbolic Identifiers
 --------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
 symbolic notation:
 
 HEAD::
@@ -621,13 +701,13 @@
 
 Environment Variables
 ---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
 
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 
 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
 	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
@@ -641,10 +721,10 @@
 	directory is used.
 
 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
-	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+	Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
 	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
 	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
-	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
 	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
 
 'GIT_DIR'::
@@ -654,35 +734,40 @@
 	The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
-	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
-	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
-	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
 	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
 	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
 
 'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
-	Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+	Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
 	The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
-	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
-	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
-	up into while looking for a repository directory.
-	It will not exclude the current working directory or
-	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
-	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
+	set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+	into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+	excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
+	exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+	command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
+	the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+	might be present in order to compare them with the current
+	directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
+	can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+	subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+	e.g.,
+	'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
 
 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
 	When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
-	directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+	directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
 	directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
 	does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This environment variable
-	can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
+	can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
 	boundaries.  Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
 	an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
 	command line.
 
-git Commits
+Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
@@ -693,13 +778,13 @@
 'EMAIL'::
 	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
 
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
 	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
 	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
 	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
-	value passed on the git diff command line.
+	value passed on the Git diff command line.
 
 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
 	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
@@ -713,7 +798,7 @@
 
 	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
                          contents of <old|new>,
-	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
 	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
 +
 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
@@ -734,13 +819,13 @@
 
 'GIT_PAGER'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
-	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 'GIT_EDITOR'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
-	It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode,
+	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
 	an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
 	and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -748,9 +833,12 @@
 	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
 	and 'git push' will use this command instead
 	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
-	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
-	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
-	shell command to execute on that remote system.
+	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two or
+	four arguments: the 'username@host' (or just 'host')
+	from the URL and the shell command to execute on that
+	remote system, optionally preceded by '-p' (literally) and
+	the 'port' from the URL when it specifies something other
+	than the default SSH port.
 +
 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
@@ -761,44 +849,98 @@
 for further details.
 
 'GIT_ASKPASS'::
-	If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
+	If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
 	acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
 	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
 	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
 	option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+	waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
 'GIT_FLUSH'::
 	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
 	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
-	and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
-	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
+	'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+	force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+	flushed. If this
 	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
 	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
-	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
 	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
 
 'GIT_TRACE'::
 	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
-	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
+	is case insensitive), Git will print `trace:` messages on
 	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
 	execution and external command execution.
 	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
-	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
+	and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
 	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
 	trace messages into this file descriptor.
 	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
-	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
+	(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
 	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
 	into it.
 
+'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS'::
+	If this variable is set to a path, a file will be created at
+	the given path logging all accesses to any packs. For each
+	access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+	recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+	pack-related performance problems.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PACKET'::
+	If this variable is set, it shows a trace of all packets
+	coming in or out of a given program. This can help with
+	debugging object negotiation or other protocol issues. Tracing
+	is turned off at a packet starting with "PACK".
+
+GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+	running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+	for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+	glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+	literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+	`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+'GIT_REFLOG_ACTION'::
+	When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
+	track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
+	typically the name of the high-level command that updated
+	the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
+	A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
+	helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
+	variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
+	end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
+
+
 Discussion[[Discussion]]
 ------------------------
 
 More detail on the following is available from the
-link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
 
-A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
@@ -815,7 +957,7 @@
 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
 
-All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
@@ -825,9 +967,9 @@
 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
 
 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
-may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
-with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
-recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
 
@@ -848,12 +990,12 @@
 ---------------------
 
 See the references in the "description" section to get started
-using git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
+using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
 for a first-time user.
 
-The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
-introductions to the underlying git architecture.
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
 
 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
 
@@ -861,7 +1003,7 @@
 examples.
 
 The internals are documented in the
-link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
 
 Users migrating from CVS may also want to
 read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
@@ -870,7 +1012,7 @@
 Authors
 -------
 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
-C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
 <git@vger.kernel.org>.  http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary
 gives you a more complete list of contributors.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index ba02d4d..b322a26 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@
 overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
 attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
-When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
 EFFECTS
 -------
 
-Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning
 particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
 operations are attributes-aware.
 
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@
 These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
 repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
 such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
-git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
 repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
 
 `text`
@@ -123,22 +124,22 @@
 
 Unset::
 
-	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to
 	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
 
 Set to string value "auto"::
 
 	When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic
-	end-of-line normalization.  If git decides that the content is
+	end-of-line normalization.  If Git decides that the content is
 	text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin.
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the
+	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the
 	`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the
 	file should be converted.
 
-Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left
+Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left
 unspecified.
 
 `eol`
@@ -150,13 +151,13 @@
 
 Set to string value "crlf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this
 	file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
 Set to string value "lf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on
 	checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
@@ -175,11 +176,11 @@
 End-of-line conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
+While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
 normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to
 convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.
 
-Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
+Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
 files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in
 the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized
 regardless of their content.
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@
 
 Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their
 repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic
-normalization in git.
+normalization in Git.
 
 If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory
 regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the
@@ -218,9 +219,9 @@
 *	text=auto
 ------------------------
 
-This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have
+This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have
 normalized (LF) line endings in the repository.  The `core.eol`
-configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for
+configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for
 normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the
 native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is
 set.
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes
-$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force git to
+$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force Git to
 $ git reset         # re-scan the working directory
 $ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
 $ git add -u
@@ -248,17 +249,17 @@
 manual.pdf	-text
 ------------------------
 
-Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization
+Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization
 enabled manually.
 
 ------------------------
 weirdchars.txt	text
 ------------------------
 
-If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if
 the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
-`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
-conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", Git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts
 an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
 a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
 few exceptions.  Even though...
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@
 `ident`
 ^^^^^^^
 
-When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces
 `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
 sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@
 
 Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot
 be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true
-content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
+content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
 usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt
 the encrypted content).
 
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@
 where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
 conflicts.
 
-To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a
 virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
 resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
 configuration variable.  This prevents changes caused by check-in
@@ -416,11 +417,11 @@
 `diff`
 ^^^^^^
 
-The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
-files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
 or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
-shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
-external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary
 files to a text format before generating the diff.
 
 Set::
@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@
 	specify one or more options, as described in the following
 	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
 	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
-	git config file.
+	Git config file.
 
 
 Defining an external diff driver
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@
 	command = j-c-diff
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
 attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
 with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
@@ -605,7 +606,7 @@
 addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
 
 Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a
-large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism
+large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism
 to cache the output and use it in future diffs.  To enable
 caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's
 config. For example:
@@ -618,7 +619,7 @@
 
 This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob
 indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a
-diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
+diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
 and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the
 cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated
 and now produces better output), you can remove the cache
@@ -639,7 +640,7 @@
 changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.
 
 A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a
-transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git
+transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git
 uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several
 advantages to choosing this method:
 
@@ -649,7 +650,7 @@
    odt2txt).
 
 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step
-   yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features,
+   yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features,
    including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges.
 
 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those
@@ -674,7 +675,7 @@
 *.ps -diff
 ------------------------
 
-This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
 patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
 
 However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
@@ -830,7 +831,7 @@
 
 Set::
 
-	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git.
 	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
 	configuration variable.
 
@@ -862,7 +863,7 @@
 `export-subst`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand
 several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
 expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
 linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
@@ -960,7 +961,7 @@
 the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
 
 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
-   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first
    line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
    the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
    are unset.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index 3bc1500..41bed29 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+gitcli - Git command line interface and conventions
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.
 
 Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
 "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
    between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
    `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter.
 
- * Without disambiguating `--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+ * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
    out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
    you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
@@ -59,10 +59,14 @@
 see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter
 you will.
 
-Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
-scripting git:
+ * Just as the filesystem '.' (period) refers to the current directory,
+   using a '.' as a repository name in Git (a dot-repository) is a relative
+   path and means your current repository.
 
- * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
+scripting Git:
+
+ * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that
    you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
 
  * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
@@ -79,18 +83,18 @@
    `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work
    if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree.
 
- * many commands allow a long option "--option" to be abbreviated
+ * many commands allow a long option `--option` to be abbreviated
    only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option
-   whose name begins with "opt", you may be able to spell "--opt" to
-   invoke the "--option" flag), but you should fully spell them out
+   whose name begins with `opt`, you may be able to spell `--opt` to
+   invoke the `--option` flag), but you should fully spell them out
    when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a
-   new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. "--optimize",
+   new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. `--optimize`,
    to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique.
 
 
 ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
 ----------------------
-From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the
 time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
 
 Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
@@ -106,18 +110,19 @@
 +
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
-usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>*
+   or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
     --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
-    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
-    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
-    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
-    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+    --all                 use any ref
+    --tags                use any tag, even unannotated
+    --long                always use long format
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 --help-all::
-	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
 	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
 	option gives the full list of options.
 
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@
 with a caution.  For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you
 typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version
 of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix,
-e.g `git commit --amenity" option.
+e.g. `git commit --amenity` option.
 
 
 Separating argument from the option
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index 5325c5a..058a352 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
-work with a git repository.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and
+work with a Git repository.
 
-If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
-to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
-link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual].
 
 However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
-you want to understand git's internals.
+you want to understand Git's internals.
 
-The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
 interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
 plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
 plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@
 skip on your first reading.
 
 
-Creating a git repository
+Creating a Git repository
 -------------------------
 
-Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start
 out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
 subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
 one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
-to import into git.
+to import into Git.
 
 For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
 scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
 To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
-subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ mkdir git-tutorial
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
 $ git init
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-to which git will reply
+to which Git will reply
 
 ----------------
 Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 ----------------
 
-which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
 strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
 your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
 inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@
 
 However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
 anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
-branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
 valid, though.
 
 [NOTE]
-An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA-1 hash, aka 'object name',
 and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
-representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+representation of that SHA-1 name. The files in the `refs`
 subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
 (usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
 expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
@@ -119,18 +119,18 @@
 An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
 after finishing this tutorial.
 
-You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's
 empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
 
 
-Populating a git repository
+Populating a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
 We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
 few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
 
 Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
-in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
 get a feel for how this works:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
  - commit that index file as an object.
 
-The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes
 to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
 program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
 to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@
 $ git update-index --add hello example
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you have now told git to track those two files.
+and you have now told Git to track those two files.
 
 In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
-you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object
 database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
 
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 ----------------
 
 where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
 regular file), and you can see the contents with
 
 ----------------
@@ -214,28 +214,28 @@
 look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
 names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
 was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
-actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object
 database.
 
 Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
 file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
 something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
 about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
-you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
-you've only *told* git about them.
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far,
+you've only *told* Git about them.
 
-However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
-most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
 
-In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll
 start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
-git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
 'git diff-files' command:
 
 ------------
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@
 ------------
 
 
-Committing git state
+Committing Git state
 --------------------
 
-Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
-that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files
+that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
 that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
 object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
 tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
 current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
 index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
 filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
-creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git write-tree
@@ -415,9 +415,9 @@
 flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
 come from the working tree or not.
 
-This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply
 never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
 expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
 is there for.
 ================
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
 $ git update-index hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since git knew
+(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew
 about the file already).
 
 Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
 can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
 the change for you.
 
-You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in
 looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
 it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
 message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
@@ -534,48 +534,15 @@
 
 In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
 list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
-changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
-included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
-activities.
-
-To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
-can do
-
-----------------
-$ git log
-----------------
-
-which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together
-with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more
-powerful)
-
-----------------
-$ git whatchanged -p
-----------------
-
-and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its
-short history.
-
-[NOTE]
-When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown.
-If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting
-the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you
-can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option,
-which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
-
-With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
-can explore on your own.
-
-[NOTE]
-Most likely, you are not directly using the core
-git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
-and `git-commit'.
+changes.  You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial
+script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`,
+which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented.
 
 
 Tagging a version
 -----------------
 
-In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
 
 A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
 it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
@@ -598,7 +565,7 @@
 stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
 since you tagged it.
 
-An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a
 pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
 message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
 you really did
@@ -623,17 +590,17 @@
 Copying repositories
 --------------------
 
-git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
 Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
-"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
-working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git`
 subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
 
 [NOTE]
-You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from
 the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
 how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
-So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to
 the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
 accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
 
@@ -649,13 +616,13 @@
 and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
 history outside the project you created.
 
- - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There
    is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
    create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
    went along with it), you can do so with a regular
    `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
 +
-Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index
 file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
 information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
 So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
@@ -667,7 +634,7 @@
 in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
 
 Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
-duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
 
 When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
@@ -694,23 +661,23 @@
 $ git reset
 ----------------
 
-and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted
 with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
 at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
 the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
-the basic git commands.
+the basic Git commands.
 
 Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
 the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
-actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
-`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the
 repository.
 
-To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd
 first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
 raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
-create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following
 
 ----------------
 $ mkdir my-git
@@ -725,7 +692,7 @@
 ----------------
 
 to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
-you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
 actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
 those, you'd check them out with
 
@@ -757,13 +724,13 @@
 Creating a new branch
 ---------------------
 
-Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git
 object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
 already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
 these object pointers.
 
 You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
-point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA-1 name of that
 object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
 want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
 "normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
@@ -849,7 +816,7 @@
 Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
 doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
 filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
-git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
 the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
 commit log message from the command line.
 
@@ -900,7 +867,7 @@
 the merge can be resolved automatically.
 
 Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
-merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much
 of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
 file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
 
@@ -939,7 +906,7 @@
 history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
 switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
 `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
-from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
 have to do _that_ merge again.
 
 Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
@@ -1028,7 +995,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
-merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git
 makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
 doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
 more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
@@ -1068,7 +1035,7 @@
 remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
 lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
 transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
-most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.
 
 Local directory::
 	`/path/to/repo.git/`
@@ -1077,7 +1044,7 @@
 both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
 the remote machine via 'ssh'.
 
-git Native::
+Git Native::
 	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
 +
 This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
@@ -1099,8 +1066,8 @@
 sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
 +
 The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
-server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart
+server like Git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
 that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
 you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
 to help dumb transport downloaders.
@@ -1233,7 +1200,7 @@
 etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
 that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
 0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
-collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA-1 from either stage 2 or
 stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
 changed from the common ancestor).
 
@@ -1321,7 +1288,7 @@
 
 [NOTE]
 This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
-how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
 
 Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
 your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
@@ -1340,7 +1307,7 @@
 on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
 the network internally uses an SSH connection.
 
-Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but
 your public repository is often named after the project name,
 i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
 project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
@@ -1350,7 +1317,7 @@
 $ mkdir my-git.git
 ------------
 
-Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running
 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
 `.git`, we do things slightly differently:
 
@@ -1389,7 +1356,7 @@
 branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
 from them in your current repository.
 
-As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+As a real example, this is how I update my public Git
 repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
 propagation to other publicly visible machines:
 
@@ -1402,9 +1369,9 @@
 -----------------------
 
 Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
-is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is stored for each Git object you create. This representation
 is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
-not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are
 immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
 storage by "packing them together". The command
 
@@ -1472,14 +1439,14 @@
 Working with Others
 -------------------
 
-Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often
 convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
 of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
 is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
 link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
 
 It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
-There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of
 patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
 from only one remote repository.
 
@@ -1592,7 +1559,7 @@
 
 If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
 suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
-have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of
 cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
 
 See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
@@ -1602,7 +1569,7 @@
 
 It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
 a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
-using branches with git.
+using branches with Git.
 
 We have already seen how branches work previously,
 with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 7dfffc0..47576be 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git
+gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
-the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
+the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
 
 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
 ----------------------
 
-Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following
+Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
 
 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 	username = me
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can
+Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
 documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
-you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the
+you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
 credential.helper variable.
 
 1. Find a helper.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 $ git help credential-foo
 -------------------------------------------
 
-3. Tell git to use it.
+3. Tell Git to use it.
 +
 -------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
-password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a
+password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
 password, no more helpers will be tried.
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
 
-For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git
+For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@
 	username = foo
 --------------------------------------
 
-because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git
+because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 
 useHttpPath::
 
-	By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
+	By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
 	to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
 	stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
 	`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's
+which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
index aeb0cdc..5ea94cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 this document explains how to do that.
 
-Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
 linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 Setting Up a Shared Repository
 ------------------------------
 
-We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
 repository (see the next section).
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
-users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
 
 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 writable by that group:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
 -------------------------------------------
 
-This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
 
 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
 
-The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
-CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
 
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@
 repository to a mailing list.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[Controlling access to branches using
 update hooks].
 
-Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository
 ----------------------------------------
 
-It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
 details.
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@
 ------------------------------
 
 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
-a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
-However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with Git.
+However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 fit for your project.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index daf1782..c8b3e51 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
 the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
 and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
-and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+and "0123456..." as their SHA-1 content ID, in the above
 example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
 insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
 the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
@@ -222,26 +222,35 @@
 diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
-changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
--S option and the `--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-*'
-commands.
+This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change
+specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain
+way.  -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to
+specify different ways these strings are sought.
 
-When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
-different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
-"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
-opposite case that loses the specified string.
+"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage
+have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text.
+By definition, it will not detect in-file moves.  Also, when a
+changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting
+string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair
+(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that
+rename-detected filepair).  When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat
+the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match,
+instead of a literal string.
 
-When `--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
-only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
-output.  When `--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
-filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
-output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
-make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose
+textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given
+regular expression.  This means that it will detect in-file (or what
+rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise.  The
+implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite
+expensive.
+
+When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs
+that match their respective criterion are kept in the output.  When
+`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective
+criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept.  This behavior
+is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole
 changeset easier.
 
-
 diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@
 in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
 filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
 
-As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably
 would look like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
index d77a45a..e52de7d 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+gitglossary - A Git Glossary
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index b9003fe..d48bf4d 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-githooks - Hooks used by git
+githooks - Hooks used by Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
 commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
 (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
-a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
+a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
 
 If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
 be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
 
-The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments
 out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
 
 commit-msg
@@ -140,9 +140,11 @@
 pre-rebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
-from getting rebased.
-
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a
+branch from getting rebased.  The hook may be called with one or
+two parameters.  The first parameter is the upstream from which
+the series was forked.  The second parameter is the branch being
+rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
 
 post-checkout
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -176,6 +178,35 @@
 (eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
 for an example of how to do this.
 
+pre-push
+~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking
+place.  The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and
+location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both
+values will be the same.
+
+Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
+input with lines of the form:
+
+  <local ref> SP <local sha1> SP <remote ref> SP <remote sha1> LF
+
+For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
+hook would receive a line like the following:
+
+  refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
+
+although the full, 40-character SHA-1s would be supplied.  If the foreign ref
+does not yet exist the `<remote SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If a ref is to be
+deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the `<local
+SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If the local commit was specified by something other
+than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be
+supplied as it was originally given.
+
+If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without
+pushing anything.  Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
+to the user by writing to standard error.
+
 [[pre-receive]]
 pre-receive
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -275,7 +306,7 @@
 
 The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
 a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
-directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
 emails.
 
 [[post-update]]
@@ -303,7 +334,7 @@
 When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
 transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
-a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
 probably enable this hook.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
@@ -336,7 +367,7 @@
 'extra-info'.
 
 The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
-"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt) has happened, and
+"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt[1]) has happened, and
 thus has access to these notes.
 
 The following command-specific comments apply:
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index 1b82fe1..f971960 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
 -----------
 
 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
-git should ignore.
-Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
+Git should ignore.
+Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 below for details.
 
 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
-When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
@@ -53,17 +53,17 @@
    the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
    the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
 
- * Patterns which a user wants git to
+ * Patterns which a user wants Git to
    ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
    the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
    `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
    $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
    empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
 
-The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
-files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
 use patterns from the sources specified above.
 
@@ -89,15 +89,15 @@
    a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
    directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
    regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
-   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
 
- - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
    a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
    pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
    (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
    `.gitignore` file).
 
- - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
    for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
    wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
    For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
@@ -108,11 +108,30 @@
    For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
    "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 
 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
-not tracked by git remain untracked.
+not tracked by Git remain untracked.
 
 To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
 use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
@@ -160,13 +179,15 @@
     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
-linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-update-index[1],
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
+linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index a17a354..d44e14c 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - The git repository browser
+gitk - The Git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...]
+'gitk' [<options>] [<revision range>] [\--] [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,21 +16,38 @@
 visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and
 the files in the trees of each revision.
 
-Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
-and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
-git repository.
-
 OPTIONS
 -------
-To control which revisions to show, the command takes options applicable to
-the 'git rev-list' command (see linkgit:git-rev-list[1]).
-This manual page describes only the most
-frequently used options.
 
--n <number>::
---max-count=<number>::
+To control which revisions to show, gitk supports most options
+applicable to the 'git rev-list' command.  It also supports a few
+options applicable to the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the
+changes each commit introduces are shown.  Finally, it supports some
+gitk-specific options.
 
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
+gitk generally only understands options with arguments in the
+'sticked' form (see linkgit:gitcli[7]) due to limitations in the
+command line parser.
+
+rev-list options and arguments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.  See
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list.
+
+--all::
+
+	Show all refs (branches, tags, etc.).
+
+--branches[=<pattern>]::
+--tags[=<pattern>]::
+--remotes[=<pattern>]::
+
+	Pretend as if all the branches (tags, remote branches, resp.)
+	are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>'
+	is given, limit refs to ones matching given shell glob. If
+	pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the
+	end is implied.
 
 --since=<date>::
 
@@ -40,9 +57,9 @@
 
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
---all::
+--date-order::
 
-	Show all branches.
+	Sort commits by date when possible.
 
 --merge::
 
@@ -51,19 +68,37 @@
 	that modify the conflicted files and do not exist on all the heads
 	being merged.
 
---argscmd=<command>::
-	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the list of
-	<revs> to show.  The command is expected to print on its standard
-	output a list of additional revs to be shown, one per line.
-	Use this instead of explicitly specifying <revs> if the set of
-	commits to show may vary between refreshes.
+--left-right::
 
---select-commit=<ref>::
+	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable
+	from.  Commits from the left side are prefixed with a `<`
+	symbol and those from the right with a `>` symbol.
 
-	Automatically select the specified commit after loading the graph.
-	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+--full-history::
 
-<revs>::
+	When filtering history with '<path>...', does not prune some
+	history.  (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1]
+	for a more detailed explanation.)
+
+--simplify-merges::
+
+	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
+	commits contributing to this merge.  (See "History
+	simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more detailed
+	explanation.)
+
+--ancestry-path::
+
+	When given a range of commits to display
+	(e.g. 'commit1..commit2' or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only
+	display commits that exist directly on the ancestry chain
+	between the 'commit1' and 'commit2', i.e. commits that are
+	both descendants of 'commit1', and ancestors of 'commit2'.
+	(See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more
+	detailed explanation.)
+
+<revision range>::
 
 	Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision
 	meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in
@@ -78,6 +113,23 @@
 	avoid ambiguity with respect to revision names use "--" to separate the paths
 	from any preceding options.
 
+gitk-specific options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--argscmd=<command>::
+
+	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the revision
+	range to show.  The command is expected to print on its
+	standard output a list of additional revisions to be shown,
+	one per line.  Use this instead of explicitly specifying a
+	'<revision range>' if the set of commits to show may vary
+	between refreshes.
+
+--select-commit=<ref>::
+
+	Select the specified commit after loading the graph.
+	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+
 Examples
 --------
 gitk v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
@@ -101,6 +153,13 @@
 Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences
 such as display options, font, and colors.
 
+History
+-------
+Gitk was the first graphical repository browser. It's written in
+tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged
+into the main Git repository.
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 'qgit(1)'::
@@ -108,10 +167,10 @@
 
 'gitview(1)'::
 	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
-	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository.
 
 'tig(1)'::
-	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written
 	in C using Ncurses.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4effd78..347a9f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,16 +13,18 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git
 working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
-is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+is the name of the submodule. The name is set to the path where the
+submodule has been added unless it was customized with the '--name'
+option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
-	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git
 	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
 	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
 	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@
 	linkgit:git-clone[1] or (if it begins with ./ or ../) a location
 	relative to the superproject's origin repository.
 
+In addition, there are a number of optional keys:
+
 submodule.<name>.update::
 	Defines what to do when the submodule is updated by the superproject.
 	If 'checkout' (the default), the new commit specified in the
@@ -47,6 +51,11 @@
 	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
 	the '--merge', '--rebase' or '--checkout' options.
 
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
+	If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  See the
+	`--remote` documentation in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
+
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. If this option is also present in the submodules entry in
@@ -68,7 +77,8 @@
 	the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
 	.gitmodules.
 	Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodule" option.
+	"--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index c6713cf..7685e36 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.
 
 To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to
-the namespace.  For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding
+the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`.  For example,
 `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`.  You
 can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
similarity index 64%
rename from Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
rename to Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index 4f81a5b..f1f4ca9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-git-remote-helpers(1)
-=====================
+gitremote-helpers(1)
+====================
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
+gitremote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
 -----------
 
 Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users,
-but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote
-repositories git does not support natively.  A given helper will
-implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git
+but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote
+repositories Git does not support natively.  A given helper will
+implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git
 needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns
 the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's
 standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard
 output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from
-git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any
-need to link the helper with the implementation of git.
+Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any
+need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.
 
-Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git
+Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git
 uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept.  Those
 other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs,
 transport objects between the object database and the remote repository,
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@
 ----------
 
 Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
-arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git;
+arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git;
 it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
 argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
 '<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
 The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
 and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
-which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.
+which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.
 
-When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
+When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
 '<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
 automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
 the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@
 is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
 of that remote.
 
-A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to
+A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to
 invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
 argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
 the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
 configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
 
 Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
-'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
+'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
 '<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
 'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
 
@@ -85,56 +85,20 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands.
-The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response
+The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response
 to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below).
 
-'option'::
-	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
-	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
-	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
-	carried out.
-
-'connect'::
-	For fetching and pushing using git's native packfile protocol
-	that requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
-
-'push'::
-	For listing remote refs and pushing specified objects from the
-	local object store to remote refs.
-
-'fetch'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history to
-	the local object store.
-
-'import'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history as
-	a fast-import stream.
-
-'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced
-	fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace
-	instead of writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
-	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
-	capability use this.
-+
-A helper advertising the capability
-`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
-is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
-stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
-ref.
-+
-This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
-applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
-advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
-the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
+In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for
+each we list which commands a helper with that capability
+must provide.
 
 Capabilities for Pushing
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can attempt to connect to 'git receive-pack' (for pushing),
-	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using
+	git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -144,16 +108,31 @@
 +
 Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
 
-If a helper advertises both 'connect' and 'push', git will use
-'connect' if possible and fall back to 'push' if the helper requests
-so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+'export'::
+	Can discover remote refs and push specified objects from a
+	fast-import stream to remote refs.
++
+Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
+fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
+connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'.
+Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
+
+'no-private-update'::
+	When using the 'refspec' capability, git normally updates the
+	private ref on successful push. This update is disabled when
+	the remote-helper declares the capability 'no-private-update'.
+
 
 Capabilities for Fetching
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
 	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	Git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -169,26 +148,81 @@
 +
 Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
 
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
+'check-connectivity'::
+	Can guarantee that when a clone is requested, the received
+	pack is self contained and is connected.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
 fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
 connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'.
+When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'.
 Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
 
+Miscellaneous capabilities
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+'option'::
+	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
+	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
+	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
+	carried out.
+
 'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	For remote helpers that implement 'import' or 'export', this capability
+	allows the refs to be constrained to a private namespace, instead of
+	writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
+	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
+	capability use this. It's mandatory for 'export'.
 +
-A helper advertising
+A helper advertising the capability
 `refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
-in its capabilities is saying that, when it handles
-`import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the
-`refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref.
+is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
+stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
+ref.
 +
 This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
 applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
 advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
 the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
 there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
++
+When writing remote-helpers for decentralized version control
+systems, it is advised to keep a local copy of the repository to
+interact with, and to let the private namespace refs point to this
+local repository, while the refs/remotes namespace is used to track
+the remote repository.
+
+'bidi-import'::
+	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	The fast-import commands 'cat-blob' and 'ls' can be used by remote-helpers
+	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
+	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
+	remote-helper.
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from
+	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
+	It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to
+	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
+	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
+	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
+	helper's stdin.
+
+'export-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the
+	internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details,
+	read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'import-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the
+	marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details,
+	read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'signed-tags'::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to pass
+	'--signed-tags=verbatim' to linkgit:git-fast-export[1].  In the
+	absence of this capability, Git will use '--signed-tags=warn-strip'.
+
+
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
@@ -198,9 +232,11 @@
 'capabilities'::
 	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
 	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*',
-	which marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
-	helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
-	error).
+	which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote
+	helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a
+	fatal error.
++
+Support for this command is mandatory.
 
 'list'::
 	Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
@@ -210,9 +246,20 @@
 	the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. The list ends
 	with a blank line.
 +
-If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
-to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
-commands to the helper.
+See REF LIST ATTRIBUTES for a list of currently defined attributes.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "fetch" or "import" capability.
+
+'list for-push'::
+	Similar to 'list', except that it is used if and only if
+	the caller wants to the resulting ref list to prepare
+	push commands.
+	A helper supporting both push and fetch can use this
+	to distinguish for which operation the output of 'list'
+	is going to be used, possibly reducing the amount
+	of work that needs to be performed.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "push" or "export" capability.
 
 'option' <name> <value>::
 	Sets the transport helper option <name> to <value>.  Outputs a
@@ -222,6 +269,8 @@
 	for it).  Options should be set before other commands,
 	and may influence the behavior of those commands.
 +
+See OPTIONS for a list of currently defined options.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 
 'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
@@ -230,12 +279,15 @@
 	per line, terminated with a blank line.
 	Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
 	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
-	in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
+	in the output of 'list' with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
 +
 Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
 GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
 suitably updated.
 +
+If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output
+'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
 
 'push' +<src>:<dst>::
@@ -286,8 +338,29 @@
 helper should produce a fast-import stream terminated by a 'done'
 command.
 +
+Note that if the 'bidi-import' capability is used the complete batch
+sequence has to be buffered before starting to send data to fast-import
+to prevent mixing of commands and fast-import responses on the helper's
+stdin.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
 
+'export'::
+	Instructs the remote helper that any subsequent input is
+	part of a fast-import stream (generated by 'git fast-export')
+	containing objects which should be pushed to the remote.
++
+Especially useful for interoperability with a foreign versioning
+system.
++
+The 'export-marks' and 'import-marks' capabilities, if specified,
+affect this command in so far as they are passed on to 'git
+fast-export', which then will load/store a table of marks for
+local objects. This can be used to implement for incremental
+operations.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "export" capability.
+
 'connect' <service>::
 	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
 	of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
@@ -313,10 +386,9 @@
 REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------
 
-'for-push'::
-	The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
-	commands.  A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
-	opening a different type of connection to the destination.
+The 'list' command produces a list of refs in which each ref
+may be followed by a list of attributes. The following ref list
+attributes are defined.
 
 'unchanged'::
 	This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
@@ -324,6 +396,10 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances)
+set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
+
 'option verbosity' <n>::
 	Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
 	A value of 0 for <n> means that processes operate
@@ -358,6 +434,9 @@
 	must not rely on this option being set before
 	connect request occurs.
 
+'option check-connectivity' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-remote[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 9f62886..aa03882 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
-directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
-`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
-also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
-real git repository).
+A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
+
+ * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
+
+ * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
+   (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
+   exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
+   from it.
+
+*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
+your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
+directory that has the repository.  This mechanism is often used for
+a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
+containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
+have the submodule.  The `checkout` has to remove the entire
+submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
+
+These things may exist in a Git repository.
 
 objects::
 	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
@@ -94,7 +106,7 @@
 	from a remote repository.
 
 refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
-	records the SHA1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
 	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
 	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
 	between repositories while grafts are not.
@@ -108,7 +120,7 @@
 	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
 	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
-	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
 	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@
 	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
 
 hooks::
-	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
 	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
 	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
 	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
@@ -169,9 +181,13 @@
 	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
 	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
 	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
-	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
 	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
+info/sparse-checkout::
+	This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
+	See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
 remotes::
 	Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
 	when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
@@ -195,6 +211,9 @@
 	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
 	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
+modules::
+	Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-init[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
index fc4789f..c0ed6d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
+gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index e00a4d2..3109ea8 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
 
 The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
-git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
 provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
-of the git documentation.
+of the Git documentation.
 
-The git object database
+The Git object database
 -----------------------
 
 Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?
 
 We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
-It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
-a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
-contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
-the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
-name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA-1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA-1
+name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since
 that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
 here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
 Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
 can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
 
 It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
-following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+following the example above generates a different SHA-1 hash than
 the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
 it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
 
-We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
 command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
 from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
 characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@
 a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
 thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
 any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
-of the SHA1 will also work):
+of the SHA-1 will also work):
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git ls-tree 92b8b694
 100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA-1 hash is a
 reference to that file's data:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@
 hello world
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in
 its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
 directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
 
-All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA-1 names inside the Git
 directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 
 As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
 tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
-contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+contains a SHA-1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
 examine with cat-file:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
 for details.
 
-So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a
 project's history:
 
   * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 
 Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
 But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
-ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+ways--by the SHA-1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
 refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
 tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
 
@@ -403,21 +403,21 @@
 
 At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
 pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
-with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday Git].  You
 should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
-comprehensive introduction to git.
+comprehensive introduction to Git.
 
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
-import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a
 CVS-like way.
 
-For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+For some interesting examples of Git use, see the
 link:howto-index.html[howtos].
 
-For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
-into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for
 example, creating a new commit.
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index f1cb6f3..8262196 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make
 changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
 
-If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project,
 for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
 the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and
 public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
 way to do so is:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 -----------------------
 
 Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
-can place it under git revision control as follows.
+can place it under Git revision control as follows.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ tar xzf project.tar.gz
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@
 You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
 directory created, named ".git".
 
-Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
 current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git add .
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls
 the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
 repository with 'git commit':
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
-version of your project in git.
+version of your project in Git.
 
 Making changes
 --------------
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
 line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
 thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit
 message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
-throughout git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
 commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
 rest of the commit in the body.
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 Managing branches
 -----------------
 
-A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of
 development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@
 Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
 out.
 
-Using git for collaboration
+Using Git for collaboration
 ---------------------------
 
-Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in
 /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
 same machine, wants to contribute.
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
 initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
 their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
 resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
-conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will
 refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
 some way and pull again when this happens).
 
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
 -------------------------------------
 
 Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
-when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her
 repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
 used for pulls:
 
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
 bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
 -------------------------------------
 
-Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
 see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
 
 Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
 version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
 linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
 
-Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
 names.  For example:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -554,9 +554,9 @@
 $ git grep "hello"
 -------------------------------------
 
-is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.
 
-Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
 in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
 those commits is meaningless.
 
 Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
-or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
 visualizing their history.  For example,
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
 
 This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
 control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
-and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
 is based:
 
   * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
 
 Part two of this tutorial explains the object
 database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
-need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
 
 If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
 digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
   * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
     workflows.
 
-  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+  * link:everyday.html[Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So]
 
   * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
 
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index 4947455..e2113d9 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file
+gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 You can include other configuration file using read_config_file()
 subroutine.  For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration
 related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one
-of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
+of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
 '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'.  To include it, put
 
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 Location of repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
-git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
+Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
 
 See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 
 $project_maxdepth::
 	If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively
-	scan filesystem for git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
+	scan filesystem for Git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
 	is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot`
 	(starting point); it means that directories which are further
 	from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 +
 If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
 +
-See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
+See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories"
 subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
 $strict_export::
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@
 
 $GIT::
 	Core git executable to use.  By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which
-	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use git installed
+	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use Git installed
 	from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git".
 	This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from
 	security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary.
-	If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose
+	If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose
 	which one to use.  Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to
 	work.
 
 $mimetypes_file::
 	File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
 	trying '/etc/mime.types'.  *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken
-	as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
+	as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
 	only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem).  If no mimetypes
 	file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled.
 	Unset by default.
@@ -336,15 +336,33 @@
 	used as the first component of gitweb's "breadcrumb trail":
 	`<home link> / <project> / <action>`.  Can be set at build time using
 	the `GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR` variable.  By default it is set to "projects",
-	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Other popular choice it to
-	set it to the name of site.
+	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Another popular choice is to
+	set it to the name of site.  Note that it is treated as raw HTML so it
+	should not be set from untrusted sources.
+
+@extra_breadcrumbs::
+	Additional links to be added to the start of the breadcrumb trail before
+	the home link, to pages that are logically "above" the gitweb projects
+	list, such as the organization and department which host the gitweb
+	server. Each element of the list is a reference to an array, in which
+	element 0 is the link text (equivalent to `$home_link_str`) and element
+	1 is the target URL (equivalent to `$home_link`).
++
+For example, the following setting produces a breadcrumb trail like
+"home / dev / projects / ..." where "projects" is the home link.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    our @extra_breadcrumbs = (
+      [ 'home' => 'https://www.example.org/' ],
+      [ 'dev'  => 'https://dev.example.org/' ],
+    );
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 $logo_url::
 $logo_label::
 	URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo,
 	if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both
-	refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
-	to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
+	refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
+	to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
 
 
 Changing gitweb's look
@@ -436,7 +454,7 @@
 	detection.
 +
 *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite
-CPU-intensive.  Note also that non git tools can have problems with
+CPU-intensive.  Note also that non Git tools can have problems with
 patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they
 involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B').
 
@@ -451,7 +469,7 @@
 affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting).
 
 @git_base_url_list::
-	List of git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
+	List of Git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
 	describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on
 	project summary page.  The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`",
 	for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs
@@ -616,7 +634,7 @@
 	(or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis.
 +
 Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>`
-config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.
+config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.
 +
 *Note* that no feature is overriddable by default.
 
@@ -782,7 +800,7 @@
 (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'.
 +
 For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[]
-git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
+Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
 (using the third party tool *git-browser*):
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -796,26 +814,26 @@
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 timed::
-	Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to
+	Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to
 	generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of
 	page).  For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325
-	seconds and 13 git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
+	seconds and 13 Git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 javascript-timezone::
-	Enable and configure the ability to change a common timezone for dates
+	Enable and configure the ability to change a common time zone for dates
 	in gitweb output via JavaScript.  Dates in gitweb output include
 	authordate and committerdate in "commit", "commitdiff" and "log"
 	views, and taggerdate in "tag" view.  Enabled by default.
 +
-The value is a list of three values: a default timezone (for if the client
-hasn't selected some other timezone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
-where to store selected timezone, and a CSS class used to mark up
+The value is a list of three values: a default time zone (for if the client
+hasn't selected some other time zone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
+where to store selected time zone, and a CSS class used to mark up
 dates for manipulation.  If you want to turn this feature off, set "default"
 to empty list: `[]`.
 +
-Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) timezone,
+Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) time zone,
 and leave other elements at their default values:
 +
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -825,9 +843,9 @@
 The example configuration presented here is guaranteed to be backwards
 and forward compatible.
 +
-Timezone values can be "local" (for local timezone that browser uses), "utc"
+Time zone values can be "local" (for local time zone that browser uses), "utc"
 (what gitweb uses when JavaScript or this feature is disabled), or numerical
-timezones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
+time zones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
@@ -857,6 +875,13 @@
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
 
+BUGS
+----
+Debugging would be easier if the fallback configuration file
+(`/etc/gitweb.conf`) and environment variable to override its location
+('GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM') had names reflecting their "fallback" role.
+The current names are kept to avoid breaking working setups.
+
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 The location of per-instance and system-wide configuration files can be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index 168e8bf..cca14b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
+To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository.
 This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
 gitweb.
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories.  Its features include:
+Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories.  Its features include:
 
 * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
 * Browsing every revision of the repository.
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@
 The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'.  You can change it during
 building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
 
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
 to gitweb.  The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
-`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
+`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be
 more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
 to showing "bare" repositories).
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 
 By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
-list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
+list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git
 repositories won't be displayed by gitweb).  Even if a project is not
 visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
 a gitweb URL.  By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@
 filename.
 
 
-Controlling access to git repositories
+Controlling access to Git repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
 available to gitweb.  You can however configure how gitweb controls access
 to repositories.
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
 Per-repository gitweb configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
-in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+in the 'GIT_DIR' of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
 variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 You can use the following files in repository:
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
 
 The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
 '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
-both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
+both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
 start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
 then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
 referenced by `$per_request_config`;
 
 These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
-the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
+the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in
 '~/public_git/' with the following url:
 
   http://git.example.org/~<user>/
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
 
   http://git.example.com/project.git
 
-will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
+will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be
 cloned), while
 
   http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
index 8b8c6ae..f16c414 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@
 .Release tagging
 [caption="Recipe: "]
 =====================================
-`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
 =====================================
 
-You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see
 "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
 others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
 post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index f928b57..aa1c888 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
 	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
-	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	revision control. That is, all of the Git
 	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
 	`repository.git` directory instead,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
 	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
-	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	is done on the branch.  A single Git
 	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
 	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
 	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
 
 [[def_changeset]]changeset::
-	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
 	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
-	"changesets" with git.
+	"changesets" with Git.
 
 [[def_checkout]]checkout::
 	The action of updating all or part of the
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
 	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
-	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
 	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@
 
 [[def_commit]]commit::
 	As a noun: A single point in the
-	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
-	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
 +
 As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
-state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
 to point at the new commit.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,20 @@
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
-[[def_core_git]]core git::
-	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+	<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+	a commit object.
+	The following are all commit-ishes:
+	a commit object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+	object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+	commit object,
+	etc.
+
+[[def_core_git]]core Git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
 
 [[def_DAG]]DAG::
@@ -100,12 +112,22 @@
 
 [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
 	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
-	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
-	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
-	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
-
-[[def_dircache]]dircache::
-	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
+	history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
+	tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
+	allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
+	<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
+	"detached".
++
+Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
+(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
+while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
+of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
+update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
+branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the
+current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
+(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
 
 [[def_directory]]directory::
 	The list you get with "ls" :-)
@@ -115,11 +137,6 @@
 	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
 	<<def_branch,branch>>.
 
-[[def_ent]]ent::
-	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
-	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth) for an in-depth
-	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
-
 [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
 	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
 	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
@@ -142,22 +159,26 @@
 	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_file_system]]file system::
-	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
-	efficiency and speed of git.
+	efficiency and speed of Git.
 
-[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
 	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
 
+[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
+	A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
+	points at the directory that is the real repository.
+
 [[def_grafts]]grafts::
 	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
-	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
 	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
 
 [[def_hash]]hash::
-	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+	In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_head]]head::
 	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
@@ -177,14 +198,14 @@
 	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
 
 [[def_hook]]hook::
-	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
 	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
-	of git you had to make them executable.
+	of Git you had to make them executable.
 
 [[def_index]]index::
 	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
@@ -201,7 +222,7 @@
 
 [[def_master]]master::
 	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
-	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
 	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 	purely by convention and is not required.
@@ -228,8 +249,8 @@
 "merge".
 
 [[def_object]]object::
-	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
-	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
 	object can not be changed.
 
 [[def_object_database]]object database::
@@ -241,10 +262,9 @@
 	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_object_name]]object name::
-	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
-	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
-	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
-	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>.  The
+	object name is usually represented by a 40 character
+	hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
 
 [[def_object_type]]object type::
 	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
@@ -253,14 +273,13 @@
 	<<def_object,object>>.
 
 [[def_octopus]]octopus::
-	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
-	intelligent predator.
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
 
 [[def_origin]]origin::
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
 	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
-	will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
+	will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
 	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 	`git branch -r`.
 
@@ -274,7 +293,7 @@
 	pack.
 
 [[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
-       Pattern used to specify paths.
+	Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
 +
 Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
@@ -283,6 +302,8 @@
 worktree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 pathspec syntax is as follows:
++
+--
 
 * any path matches itself
 * the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
@@ -292,11 +313,12 @@
   of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
   prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
   in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
+
+--
 +
 For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 in the Documentation subtree,
 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
-
 +
 A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning.  In the
 short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
@@ -319,11 +341,47 @@
 	The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
 	from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
 	the command from inside a subdirectory.
+
+literal;;
+	Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
+	as literal characters.
+
+icase;;
+	Case insensitive match.
+
+glob;;
+	Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
+	consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
+	wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
+	For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
+	"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
+	or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
++
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
++
+Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
 --
 +
 Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
 but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of git.
+versions of Git.
 +
 A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
 should not be combined with other pathspec.
@@ -341,12 +399,12 @@
 	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 [[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
-	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
 
 [[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
 	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
-	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
-	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
 	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
 
 [[def_pull]]pull::
@@ -381,10 +439,20 @@
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
-	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
-	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
-	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+	A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+	ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+	For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+	as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+	for details.
+	Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
 
 [[def_reflog]]reflog::
 	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
@@ -395,23 +463,16 @@
 [[def_refspec]]refspec::
 	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
 	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
-	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
-	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
-	For example: `git fetch $URL
-	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
-	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
-	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
-	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
-	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
 
 [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
+	<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
+	'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
+	'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
+	a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
+	commits made to it.
 
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
@@ -426,9 +487,7 @@
 	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
 
 [[def_revision]]revision::
-	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
-	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
-	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+	Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
 
 [[def_rewind]]rewind::
 	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
@@ -437,13 +496,14 @@
 [[def_SCM]]SCM::
 	Source code management (tool).
 
-[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
-	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
+	"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
+	In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
 	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
 	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
-	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
 	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
 	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
 	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
@@ -452,7 +512,7 @@
 	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_symref]]symref::
-	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
 	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
 	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
 	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
@@ -464,9 +524,9 @@
 	object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
 	<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
 	In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
-	the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
+	the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
 	tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
-	in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
+	in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
 	point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
 
 [[def_tag_object]]tag object::
@@ -476,7 +536,7 @@
 	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
 
 [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
 	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
 	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
@@ -492,10 +552,19 @@
 	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
 	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
 
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
-	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
-	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
-	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+	A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+	that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+	Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+	tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+	top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+	The following are all tree-ishes:
+	a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+	a tree object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+	object,
+	etc.
 
 [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
 	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
index 34aa30c..a234086 100755
--- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 cat <<\EOF
-GIT Howto Index
+Git Howto Index
 ===============
 
 Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
-people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+people describing how they use Git in their workflow.
 
 EOF
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index ea6e4a5..33ae69c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
-Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
  neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
  hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
  step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
@@ -10,35 +10,42 @@
 How to maintain Git
 ===================
 
-The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+Activities
+----------
 
- - Communication (60%)
+The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (45%)
 
    Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
    questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
    suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
 
- - Integration (30%)
+ - Integration (50%)
 
    Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
    correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
    testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
    releases, and making announcements.
 
- - Own development (10%)
+ - Own development (5%)
 
    Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
 
+The Policy
+----------
+
 The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
 from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
 this mailing list after each feature release is made.
 
-The policy.
-
  - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
    contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
    functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
 
+ - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for
+   eight to ten weeks.
+
  - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
    to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
    release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
@@ -62,12 +69,15 @@
  - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
    not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
 
- - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
-   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
-   customization on top of them.
+ - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to
+   allow people to build their own customization on top of them.
+   Early in a new development cycle, 'next' is rewound to the tip of
+   'master' once, but otherwise it will not be rewound until the end
+   of the cycle.
 
- - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
-   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint' and 'next' contains all
+   of 'master'.  'pu' contains all the topics merged to 'next', but
+   is rebuilt directly on 'master'.
 
  - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
    tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
@@ -77,14 +87,22 @@
    are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
 
 
-A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+A Typical Git Day
+-----------------
+
+A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
 by doing the following:
 
- - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
-   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
-   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
-   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
-   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+ - Scan mailing list.  Respond with review comments, suggestions
+   etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially usable patches from the
+   mailing list.  Patches about a single topic go to one mailbox (I
+   read my mail in Gnus, and type \C-o to save/append messages in
+   files in mbox format).
+
+ - Write his own patches to address issues raised on the list but
+   nobody has stepped up solving.  Send it out just like other
+   contributors do, and pick them up just like patches from other
+   contributors (see above).
 
  - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
    message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
@@ -100,40 +118,32 @@
    - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
      are directly applied to 'master'.
 
+   - Other topics are not handled in this step.
+
    This step is done with "git am".
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
      $ make test
 
- - Merge downwards (maint->master):
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
+   In practice, almost no patch directly goes to 'master' or
+   'maint'.
 
  - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
-   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
-   topic->maint), and merge.
+   topics ready for merging (topic->master and topic->maint).  Use
+   "Meta/cook -w" script (where Meta/ contains a checkout of the
+   'todo' branch) to aid this step.
+
+   And perform the merge.  Use "Meta/Reintegrate -e" script (see
+   later) to aid this step.
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w last-issue-of-whats-cooking.mbox
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate -e ;# "git merge ai/topic"
      $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
      $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
      $ make test              ;# final review
-     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
-
- - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
-
- - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge master
-     $ make test
 
  - Handle the remaining patches:
 
@@ -142,9 +152,9 @@
      and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
      is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
      enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
-     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
-     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
-     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
+     named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
+     of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
 
    - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
      topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
@@ -162,7 +172,8 @@
 
    The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
 
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
 
    while patch replacement is often done by:
 
@@ -170,93 +181,170 @@
 
    then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
 
+     $ git checkout ai/topic
      $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
-     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+     $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
 
    The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
    after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
    as time permits.
 
+ - Merge maint to master as needed:
+
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
+
+ - Merge master to next as needed:
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ git merge master
+     $ make test
+
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics
+   that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape
+   (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the
+   series?)
+
+ - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere
+   between 'master' and 'pu' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-jch.sh
+
+   The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to
+   rebuild 'pu' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script.  Remove
+   later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet.  Add a line that
+   consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic
+   in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet.
+
+ - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'.  For each
+   branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can
+   happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next;
+   - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next;
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+   This step is aided with Meta/redo-jch.sh script created earlier.
+   If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script
+   would list it as "ai/topic~1".  To include the new patch to the
+   updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not
+   touch the line.  If a topic that was not in 'next' should be
+   merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list.  Then:
+
+     $ git checkout -B jch master
+     $ Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1
+
+   to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch.  "-c1" tells the script
+   to stop merging at the first line that begins with '###'
+   (i.e. the "### match next" line you added earlier).
+
+   At this point, build-test the result.  It may reveal semantic
+   conflicts (e.g. a topic renamed a variable, another added a new
+   reference to the variable under its old name), in which case
+   prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and
+   rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of
+   'master'.
+
+   Then do the same to 'next'
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e
+
+   The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the
+   history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to
+   be edited.  The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set
+   of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge.
+   Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found
+   and rectified.
+
+     $ git diff jch next
+
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with
+
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -u
+
+   This removes topics listed in the script that have already been
+   merged to 'master'.  This may lose '### match next' marker;
+   add it again to the appropriate place when it happens.
+
+ - Rebuild 'pu'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-pu.sh
+
+   Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'pu'
+   in the script.  Then
+
+     $ git checkout -B pu jch
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh
+
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-pu.sh script with
+
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh -u
+
+   Double check by running
+
+     $ git branch --no-merged pu
+
+   to see there is no unexpected leftover topics.
+
+   At this point, build-test the result for semantic conflicts, and
+   if there are, prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see
+   appendix), and rebuild the 'pu' branch from scratch, starting at
+   the tip of 'jch'.
+
  - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
    existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/cook script (where Meta/ contains
-   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
+   This step is helped with Meta/cook script.
 
- - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
-   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+     $ Meta/cook
 
-   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+   This script inspects the history between master..pu, finds tips
+   of topic branches, compares what it found with the current
+   contents in Meta/whats-cooking.txt, and updates that file.
+   Topics not listed in the file but are found in master..pu are
+   added to the "New topics" section, topics listed in the file that
+   are no longer found in master..pu are moved to the "Graduated to
+   master" section, and topics whose commits changed their states
+   (e.g. used to be only in 'pu', now merged to 'next') are updated
+   with change markers "<<" and ">>".
 
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
-     $ make test
+   Look for lines enclosed in "<<" and ">>"; they hold contents from
+   old file that are replaced by this integration round.  After
+   verifying them, remove the old part.  Review the description for
+   each topic and update its doneness and plan as needed.  To review
+   the updated plan, run
 
-   - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
-     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+     $ Meta/cook -w
 
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
-     $ make test
+   which will pick up comments given to the topics, such as "Will
+   merge to 'next'", etc. (see Meta/cook script to learn what kind
+   of phrases are supported).
 
-   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+ - Compile, test and install all four (five) integration branches;
+   Meta/Dothem script may aid this step.
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Optionally rebase topics that do not have any commit
-   in next yet, when they can take advantage of low-level framework
-   change that is merged to 'master' already.
+ - Format documentation if the 'master' branch was updated;
+   Meta/dodoc.sh script may aid this step.
 
-     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+ - Push the integration branches out to public places; Meta/pushall
+   script may aid this step.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
-   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
-   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
-   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
-
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
-
-     $ git checkout pu
-     $ git reset --hard next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
-     $ make test
-
-   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
-
- - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
-   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
-
- - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
-   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
-
-    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
-        'master' just pushed out;
-
-    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
-        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
-        repositories that have html and man branches checked
-        out.
-
-    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
-        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
-        and man branches.
-
-    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
-        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
-
- - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
-   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
-   repo.or.cz and other mirrors.
-
+Observations
+------------
 
 Some observations to be made.
 
- * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
-   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
-   of it is merged to 'master'.
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with other
+   topics cooking first in 'pu', then in 'jch' and then in 'next'.
+   Until it matures, no part of it is merged to 'master'.
 
  * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
    'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
    other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
-   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+   "Merge branch 'ai/topic' to next" for the same topic.
 
  * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
    merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
@@ -278,3 +366,80 @@
  * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
    be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
    'master' branch typically is.
+
+
+Appendix
+--------
+
+Preparing a "merge-fix"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A merge of two topics may not textually conflict but still have
+conflict at the semantic level. A classic example is for one topic
+to rename an variable and all its uses, while another topic adds a
+new use of the variable under its old name. When these two topics
+are merged together, the reference to the variable newly added by
+the latter topic will still use the old name in the result.
+
+The Meta/Reintegrate script that is used by redo-jch and redo-pu
+scripts implements a crude but usable way to work this issue around.
+When the script merges branch $X, it checks if "refs/merge-fix/$X"
+exists, and if so, the effect of it is squashed into the result of
+the mechanical merge.  In other words,
+
+     $ echo $X | Meta/Reintegrate
+
+is roughly equivalent to this sequence:
+
+     $ git merge --rerere-autoupdate $X
+     $ git commit
+     $ git cherry-pick -n refs/merge-fix/$X
+     $ git commit --amend
+
+The goal of this "prepare a merge-fix" step is to come up with a
+commit that can be squashed into a result of mechanical merge to
+correct semantic conflicts.
+
+After finding that the result of merging branch "ai/topic" to an
+integration branch had such a semantic conflict, say pu~4, check the
+problematic merge out on a detached HEAD, edit the working tree to
+fix the semantic conflict, and make a separate commit to record the
+fix-up:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~4
+     $ git show -s --pretty=%s ;# double check
+     Merge branch 'ai/topic' to pu
+     $ edit
+     $ git commit -m 'merge-fix/ai/topic' -a
+
+Then make a reference "refs/merge-fix/ai/topic" to point at this
+result:
+
+     $ git update-ref refs/merge-fix/ai/topic HEAD
+
+Then double check the result by asking Meta/Reintegrate to redo the
+merge:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~5 ;# the parent of the problem merge
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate
+     $ git diff pu~4
+
+This time, because you prepared refs/merge-fix/ai/topic, the
+resulting merge should have been tweaked to include the fix for the
+semantic conflict.
+
+Note that this assumes that the order in which conflicting branches
+are merged does not change.  If the reason why merging ai/topic
+branch needs this merge-fix is because another branch merged earlier
+to the integration branch changed the underlying assumption ai/topic
+branch made (e.g. ai/topic branch added a site to refer to a
+variable, while the other branch renamed that variable and adjusted
+existing use sites), and if you changed redo-jch (or redo-pu) script
+to merge ai/topic branch before the other branch, then the above
+merge-fix should not be applied while merging ai/topic, but should
+instead be applied while merging the other branch.  You would need
+to move the fix to apply to the other branch, perhaps like this:
+
+      $ mf=refs/merge-fix
+      $ git update-ref $mf/$the_other_branch $mf/ai/topic
+      $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7de5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+ commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to integrate new subcommands
+================================
+
+This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+
+Runtime environment
+-------------------
+
+Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
+path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
+thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
+passing command-line arguments to them.
+
+(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
+will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it's possible
+to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.)
+
+Implementation languages
+------------------------
+
+Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
+Perl.
+
+While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
+these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won't
+accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want
+to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
+surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
+Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
+but they should not be used for core functions.
+
+This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
+core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
+installer before we can be confident people in that environment
+won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.
+
+C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
+command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
+your command 'git-foo' would normally be implemented as a single
+"git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
+binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
+to find things.
+
+See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
+good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
+functions available to built-in commands written in C.
+
+What every extension command needs
+----------------------------------
+
+You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
+followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
+a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It's
+often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
+text content.
+
+You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
+Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the 't'
+subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with 't' and a sequence
+number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
+conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
+being tested.
+
+Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
+in writing tests, and the test support library.
+
+Integrating a command
+---------------------
+
+Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
+subcommand into the Git tree.
+
+1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
+
+2. Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
+EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.
+
+3. Drop its test in the t directory.
+
+4. If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
+p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
+includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
+.pyo files will already be covered.
+
+5. If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
+your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
+
+6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
+that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
+subsections in the documentation's summary command list.  Add an entry
+for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-commands.txt
+in the main directory.
+
+7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
+to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
+letter [PATCH 0/n].
+
+That's all there is to it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
index 4627ee4..19ab604 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
 Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
- public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates
  the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
  is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
  upstream.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
 
 I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
-GIT tools.
+Git tools.
 
 I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
 wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
 
 While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
-to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.
 
 Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
index 00c1b45..25378f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
- uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page
  shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
 are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
 the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
-when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.
 
 The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
 
-    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public Git repository.
     /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
 
 So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     EOF
 
 Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
-public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+public Git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
 day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
 like this:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
index 7484735..1b3b188 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 > Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 
-So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+So exactly *because* the SHA-1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
 itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
 object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
 
 The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
-same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes
 it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
 and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
 not the same disk/machine).
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 
 This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
-it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+it's full SHA-1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
 
 Let's see what that tells us:
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
 	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
 
-again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA-1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
 
 But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
 version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 	git log --raw --all
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f33dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2013 04:34:01 -0400
+From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
+Subject: pack corruption post-mortem
+Abstract: Recovering a corrupted object when no good copy is available.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to recover an object from scratch
+=====================================
+
+I was recently presented with a repository with a corrupted packfile,
+and was asked if the data was recoverable. This post-mortem describes
+the steps I took to investigate and fix the problem. I thought others
+might find the process interesting, and it might help somebody in the
+same situation.
+
+********************************
+Note: In this case, no good copy of the repository was available. For
+the much easier case where you can get the corrupted object from
+elsewhere, see link:recover-corrupted-blob-object.html[this howto].
+********************************
+
+I started with an fsck, which found a problem with exactly one object
+(I've used $pack and $obj below to keep the output readable, and also
+because I'll refer to them later):
+
+-----------
+    $ git fsck
+    error: $pack SHA1 checksum mismatch
+    error: index CRC mismatch for object $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+    error: inflate: data stream error (incorrect data check)
+    error: cannot unpack $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+-----------
+
+The pack checksum failing means a byte is munged somewhere, and it is
+presumably in the object mentioned (since both the index checksum and
+zlib were failing).
+
+Reading the zlib source code, I found that "incorrect data check" means
+that the adler-32 checksum at the end of the zlib data did not match the
+inflated data. So stepping the data through zlib would not help, as it
+did not fail until the very end, when we realize the crc does not match.
+The problematic bytes could be anywhere in the object data.
+
+The first thing I did was pull the broken data out of the packfile. I
+needed to know how big the object was, which I found out with:
+
+------------
+    $ git show-index <$idx | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -n | grep -A1 51653873
+    51653873
+    51664736
+------------
+
+Show-index gives us the list of objects and their offsets. We throw away
+everything but the offsets, and then sort them so that our interesting
+offset (which we got from the fsck output above) is followed immediately
+by the offset of the next object. Now we know that the object data is
+10863 bytes long, and we can grab it with:
+
+------------
+  dd if=$pack of=object bs=1 skip=51653873 count=10863
+------------
+
+I inspected a hexdump of the data, looking for any obvious bogosity
+(e.g., a 4K run of zeroes would be a good sign of filesystem
+corruption). But everything looked pretty reasonable.
+
+Note that the "object" file isn't fit for feeding straight to zlib; it
+has the git packed object header, which is variable-length. We want to
+strip that off so we can start playing with the zlib data directly. You
+can either work your way through it manually (the format is described in
+link:../technical/pack-format.html[Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt]),
+or you can walk through it in a debugger. I did the latter, creating a
+valid pack like:
+
+------------
+    # pack magic and version
+    printf 'PACK\0\0\0\2' >tmp.pack
+    # pack has one object
+    printf '\0\0\0\1' >>tmp.pack
+    # now add our object data
+    cat object >>tmp.pack
+    # and then append the pack trailer
+    /path/to/git.git/test-sha1 -b <tmp.pack >trailer
+    cat trailer >>tmp.pack
+------------
+
+and then running "git index-pack tmp.pack" in the debugger (stop at
+unpack_raw_entry). Doing this, I found that there were 3 bytes of header
+(and the header itself had a sane type and size). So I stripped those
+off with:
+
+------------
+    dd if=object of=zlib bs=1 skip=3
+------------
+
+I ran the result through zlib's inflate using a custom C program. And
+while it did report the error, I did get the right number of output
+bytes (i.e., it matched git's size header that we decoded above). But
+feeding the result back to "git hash-object" didn't produce the same
+sha1. So there were some wrong bytes, but I didn't know which. The file
+happened to be C source code, so I hoped I could notice something
+obviously wrong with it, but I didn't. I even got it to compile!
+
+I also tried comparing it to other versions of the same path in the
+repository, hoping that there would be some part of the diff that didn't
+make sense. Unfortunately, this happened to be the only revision of this
+particular file in the repository, so I had nothing to compare against.
+
+So I took a different approach. Working under the guess that the
+corruption was limited to a single byte, I wrote a program to munge each
+byte individually, and try inflating the result. Since the object was
+only 10K compressed, that worked out to about 2.5M attempts, which took
+a few minutes.
+
+The program I used is here:
+
+----------------------------------------------
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+static int try_zlib(unsigned char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/* make this absurdly large so we don't have to loop */
+	static unsigned char out[1024*1024];
+	z_stream z;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
+	inflateInit(&z);
+
+	z.next_in = buf;
+	z.avail_in = len;
+	z.next_out = out;
+	z.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+
+	ret = inflate(&z, 0);
+	inflateEnd(&z);
+	return ret >= 0;
+}
+
+/* eye candy */
+static int counter = 0;
+static void progress(int sig)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "\r%d", counter);
+	alarm(1);
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	/* oversized so we can read the whole buffer in */
+	unsigned char buf[1024*1024];
+	int len;
+	unsigned i, j;
+
+	signal(SIGALRM, progress);
+	alarm(1);
+
+	len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = buf[i];
+		for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) {
+			buf[i] = j;
+
+			counter++;
+			if (try_zlib(buf, len))
+				printf("i=%d, j=%x\n", i, j);
+		}
+		buf[i] = c;
+	}
+
+	alarm(0);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+----------------------------------------------
+
+I compiled and ran with:
+
+-------
+  gcc -Wall -Werror -O3 munge.c -o munge -lz
+  ./munge <zlib
+-------
+
+
+There were a few false positives early on (if you write "no data" in the
+zlib header, zlib thinks it's just fine :) ). But I got a hit about
+halfway through:
+
+-------
+  i=5642, j=c7
+-------
+
+I let it run to completion, and got a few more hits at the end (where it
+was munging the crc to match our broken data). So there was a good
+chance this middle hit was the source of the problem.
+
+I confirmed by tweaking the byte in a hex editor, zlib inflating the
+result (no errors!), and then piping the output into "git hash-object",
+which reported the sha1 of the broken object. Success!
+
+I fixed the packfile itself with:
+
+-------
+  chmod +w $pack
+  printf '\xc7' | dd of=$pack bs=1 seek=51659518 conv=notrunc
+  chmod -w $pack
+-------
+
+The `\xc7` comes from the replacement byte our "munge" program found.
+The offset 51659518 is derived by taking the original object offset
+(51653873), adding the replacement offset found by "munge" (5642), and
+then adding back in the 3 bytes of git header we stripped.
+
+After that, "git fsck" ran clean.
+
+As for the corruption itself, I was lucky that it was indeed a single
+byte. In fact, it turned out to be a single bit. The byte 0xc7 was
+corrupted to 0xc5. So presumably it was caused by faulty hardware, or a
+cosmic ray.
+
+And the aborted attempt to look at the inflated output to see what was
+wrong? I could have looked forever and never found it. Here's the diff
+between what the corrupted data inflates to, versus the real data:
+
+--------------
+  -       cp = strtok (arg, "+");
+  +       cp = strtok (arg, ".");
+--------------
+
+It tweaked one byte and still ended up as valid, readable C that just
+happened to do something totally different! One takeaway is that on a
+less unlucky day, looking at the zlib output might have actually been
+helpful, as most random changes would actually break the C code.
+
+But more importantly, git's hashing and checksumming noticed a problem
+that easily could have gone undetected in another system. The result
+still compiled, but would have caused an interesting bug (that would
+have been blamed on some random commit).
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index 8a68548..acf3e47 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 merge that brings these premature changes into the mainline, x are changes
 unrelated to what the side branch did and already made on the mainline,
 and W is the "revert of the merge M" (doesn't W look M upside down?).
-IOW, "diff W^..W" is similar to "diff -R M^..M".
+IOW, `"diff W^..W"` is similar to `"diff -R M^..M"`.
 
 Such a "revert" of a merge can be made with:
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@
        ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
 
 where Y is the revert of W, A' and B' are rerolled A and B, and there may
-also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  "diff Y^..Y" is similar
-to "diff -R W^..W" (which in turn means it is similar to "diff M^..M"),
-and "diff A'^..C'" by definition would be similar but different from that,
+also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  `"diff Y^..Y"` is similar
+to `"diff -R W^..W"` (which in turn means it is similar to `"diff M^..M"`),
+and `"diff A'^..C'"` by definition would be similar but different from that,
 because it is a rerolled series of the earlier change.  There will be a
 lot of overlapping changes that result in conflicts.  So do not do "revert
 of revert" blindly without thinking..
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
 
 But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
-purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real
 troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
 "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
 nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index a59ced8..85f69db 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 ================================
 
 One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
-break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+break building Git with GCC 2.95.  While they were well-intentioned
 portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
 important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
-branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and
 barebone Porcelain.
 
 First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
 Packing 0 objects
 Unpacking 0 objects
 
-* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+* commit-ish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
 Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
 Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
  cache.h        |    8 ++++----
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
index a695f01..6de4f3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
-Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
 Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-How to setup git server over http
+How to setup Git server over http
 =================================
 
+NOTE: This document is from 2006.  A lot has happened since then, and this
+document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
+Almost everyone else should instead look at linkgit:git-http-backend[1].
+
 Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is
 impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
@@ -44,20 +48,20 @@
 
 - have permissions to chown a directory
 
-- have git installed on the client, and
+- have Git installed on the client, and
 
-- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
   the client.
 
 In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
 preconfigured WebDAV server.
 
 
-Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+Step 1: setup a bare Git repository
 -----------------------------------
 
-At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
-repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 is not installed on the server).
@@ -81,8 +85,8 @@
     $ git --bare init
 
 
-Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use "grep ^User
-httpd.conf" and "grep ^Group httpd.conf" to find out:
+Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use `"grep ^User
+httpd.conf"` and `"grep ^Group httpd.conf"` to find out:
 
     $ chown -R www.www .
 
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@
 Step 3: setup the client
 ------------------------
 
-Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
 no argument should display a usage message.
 
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@
 
   On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
 
-If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
index 23cdf35..7af2e52 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 =====================
 
 Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
-let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server
 real quick, right?
 
 Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
index 00f693b..bbf040e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy
 ------------
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
 
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
index 625d315..e9a1d5d 100644
--- a/Documentation/i18n.txt
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
+At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.
 
  - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
    are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
    What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
-   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
+   with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
    to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
    thing as pathname encoding translation.
 
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
    bytes.
 
 Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
-in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
 force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
-project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
 does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
 mind.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f2603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<start> and <end> can take one of these forms:
+
+- number
++
+If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
+absolute line number (lines count from 1).
++
+
+- /regex/
++
+This form will use the first line matching the given
+POSIX regex. If <start> is a regex, it will search from the end of
+the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+If <start> is ``^/regex/'', it will search from the start of file.
+If <end> is a regex, it will search
+starting at the line given by <start>.
++
+
+- +offset or -offset
++
+This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
+of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+
++
+If ``:<regex>'' is given in place of <start> and <end>, it denotes the range
+from the first funcname line that matches <regex>, up to the next
+funcname line. ``:<regex>'' searches from the end of the previous `-L` range,
+if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+``^:<regex>'' searches from the start of file.
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
index dd89fca..4a8c276 100644
--- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
-the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob
+configuration options, it
 is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
 canonical real names and email addresses.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 9bb4956..d78d6d8 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
-	By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
 	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
 	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
-	this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
 	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
 	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
 	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 	diff.renameLimit.
 
 merge.renormalize::
-	Tell git that canonical representation of files in the
+	Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the
 	repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record
 	text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line
-	endings).  In such a repository, git can convert the data
+	endings).  In such a repository, Git can convert the data
 	recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
 	merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts.  For more information,
 	see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
 merge.tool::
-	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
-	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "araxis",
-	"bc3", "diffuse", "ecmerge", "emerge", "gvimdiff", "kdiff3", "meld",
-	"opendiff", "p4merge", "tkdiff", "tortoisemerge", "vimdiff"
-	and "xxdiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
-	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
+	that a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 0bcbe0a..e134315 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,18 @@
 inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
 
 --edit::
+-e::
 --no-edit::
 	Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to
 	further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user
 	can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be
 	used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally
-	discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are
-	giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
-	and want to edit it in the editor.
+	discouraged).
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are
+giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
+and want to edit it in the editor.
+endif::git-pull[]
 +
 Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the
 user to edit the merge log message. They will see an editor opened when
@@ -30,7 +34,8 @@
 
 --no-ff::
 	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
-	fast-forward.
+	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
+	annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
 
 --ff-only::
 	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
@@ -83,6 +88,11 @@
 	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
 	strategy.
 
+--verify-signatures::
+--no-verify-signatures::
+	Verify that the commits being merged have good and trusted GPG signatures
+	and abort the merge in case they do not.
+
 --summary::
 --no-summary::
 	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 66db802..49a9a7d 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@
 	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
 	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
 
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
+	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
+	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
+
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index d9edded..1d174fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
@@ -106,18 +106,22 @@
 - '%P': parent hashes
 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
 - '%an': author name
-- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+  or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ae': author email
-- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
 - '%ar': author date, relative
 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
 - '%cn': committer name
-- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ce': committer email
-- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%cd': committer date
 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
 - '%cr': committer date, relative
@@ -131,26 +135,49 @@
 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 - '%N': commit notes
 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
-- '%G?': show either "G" for Good or "B" for Bad for a signed commit
+- '%G?': show "G" for a Good signature, "B" for a Bad signature, "U" for a good,
+  untrusted signature and "N" for no signature
 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+- '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}`
 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}`
 - '%gn': reflog identity name
-- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ge': reflog identity email
-- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%gs': reflog subject
 - '%Cred': switch color to red
 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
 - '%Creset': reset color
-- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
+  adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
+  enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
+  respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+  terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+  on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
 - '%m': left, right or boundary mark
 - '%n': newline
 - '%%': a raw '%'
 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
   linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+- '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
+  least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+  Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
+  or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
+  Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
+- '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
+  columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
+- '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding spaces on the left
+- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
+  respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
+  than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
 
 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index 5e49942..eea0e30 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 	This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 	used together.
 
---encoding[=<encoding>]::
+--encoding=<encoding>::
 	The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 	in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 	command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index beba065..0000000
--- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-gittutorial(7)
-==============
-
-NOME
-----
-gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
-
-SINOPSE
---------
-git *
-
-DESCRIÇÃO
------------
-
-Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
-adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
-desenvolvedores.
-
-Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
-obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
-preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
-
-Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
-`git log --graph` com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ man git-log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-ou:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git help log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
-escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
-
-É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
-antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
-$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Importando um novo projeto
------------------------
-
-Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
-Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
-$ cd project
-$ git init
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Git irá responder
-
-------------------------------------------------
-Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
-novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
-
-A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
-arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add .
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
-chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
-conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
-primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
-
-Fazendo mudanças
---------------
-
-Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
-índice:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add file1 file2 file3
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
-para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
-
-(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
-que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
-pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
-adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
-mudanças com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
-e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
-
-Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
-novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
-
-Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
-idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
-caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
-e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
-commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
-cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
-
-Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
-----------------------------
-
-Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
-ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
-comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
-usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
-em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
-o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
-
-Visualizando a história do projeto
------------------------
-
-Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
-usando
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
-cada passo
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --stat --summary
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
------------------
-
-Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
-desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você executar agora
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-------------------------------------------------
-
-você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-  experimental
-* master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
-ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
-o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
-mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edita arquivo)
-$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
-foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
-
-Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edit file)
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
-cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
-master, execute
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git merge experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
-marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
-conflito;
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
-conflitos,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
-
-Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch -d experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
-ramo atual.
-
-Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
-sempre remover o ramo com
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git branch -D ideia-louca
--------------------------------------
-
-Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
-alguma coisa.
-
-Usando git para colaboração
----------------------------
-
-Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
-/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
-máquina, quer contribuir.
-
-Bob começa com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
-Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
-própria cópia da história do projeto original.
-
-Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(editar arquivos)
-bob$ git commit -a
-(repetir conforme necessário)
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
-repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ cd /home/alice/project
-alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
-Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
-precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
-"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
-
-O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
-um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
-
-Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
-gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
-com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
-usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
-mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
-de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
-unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
-forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
-
-Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
-"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
-especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
-que vale puxar, assim:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
-alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
-A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
-alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
-Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
-tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
-
-Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
-ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
-
-Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
-pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
-exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
-
-Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
-com gitk quanto com "git log".
-
-Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
-decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
-tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
-separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
-finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
-resultante.
-
-Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
-interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
-repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
-o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
-usando:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch bob
--------------------------------------
-
-Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
-repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
-armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
-ramo master de Alice.
-
-Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git merge bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
-assim:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
-mais foi passado na linha de comando.
-
-Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
-Alice, usando
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git pull
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
-Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
-repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
-para puxar:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
-/home/alice/project
--------------------------------------
-
-(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
-config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
-significado de cada opção.)
-
-Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
-"origin/master":
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git branch -r
-  origin/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
-executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
--------------------------------------
-
-Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
-http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
-
-Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
-repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
-veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
-
-Explorando história
------------------
-
-A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
-interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
-esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
-dá o nome para o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log
-commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
-Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
-
-    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
--------------------------------------
-
-Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
-commit.
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
--------------------------------------
-
-Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
-parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
-unicamente o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
-			# usualmente
-$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
-$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
--------------------------------------
-
-Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
-anterior do projeto:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
-$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
--------------------------------------
-
-você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
-compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
-uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
-assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
-
-Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
-quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
-$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
-			 # em v2.5
-$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
-			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
--------------------------------------
-
-Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
-em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
-posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
-commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
-publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
-forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
-a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
-'git-revert' no lugar.
-
-O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
-projeto, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello" v2.5
--------------------------------------
-
-procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
-
-Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
-quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello"
--------------------------------------
-
-é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
-git.
-
-Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
-ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
-$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
-$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
-$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
-				# Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
-primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
-as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
-comum algum tempo atrás, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log stable..master
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
-"stable", enquanto
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log master..stable
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
-"master".
-
-O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
-uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
-divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
-apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
-
-A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
-Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
-trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
-
--------------------------------------
-$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
--------------------------------------
-
-permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
-de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
-você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
-pressiona "-" ou "+".)
-
-Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
-também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
-commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
--------------------------------------
-
-Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show v2.5:Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Próximos passos
-----------
-
-Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
-distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
-plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
-idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
-
-  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
-    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
-
-  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
-    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
-    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
-
-A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
-índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
-máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
-
-Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
-outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
-
-  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
-    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
-    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
-    enviados por email.
-
-  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
-    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
-    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
-    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
-    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
-    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
-
-  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
-
-  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
-
-VEJA TAMBÉM
---------
-linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
-linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
-
-GIT
----
-Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
index 94a9d32..18cffc2 100644
--- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@
 +
 * `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
   it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
-* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
-  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
-  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+* A parameter <ref> without a colon fetches that ref into FETCH_HEAD,
+endif::git-pull[]
+ifdef::git-pull[]
+* A parameter <ref> without a colon merges <ref> into the current
+  branch,
+endif::git-pull[]
+  and updates the remote-tracking branches (if any).
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index ee49743..2991d70 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -18,33 +18,27 @@
 -<number>::
 -n <number>::
 --max-count=<number>::
-
 	Limit the number of commits to output.
 
 --skip=<number>::
-
 	Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
 
 --since=<date>::
 --after=<date>::
-
 	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
 
 --until=<date>::
 --before=<date>::
-
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --max-age=<timestamp>::
 --min-age=<timestamp>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to specified time range.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --author=<pattern>::
 --committer=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
 	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
 	expression).  With more than one `--author=<pattern>`,
@@ -52,7 +46,6 @@
 	chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`).
 
 --grep-reflog=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
 	match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
 	more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message
@@ -60,7 +53,6 @@
 	error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use.
 
 --grep=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
 	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).  With
 	more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message
@@ -71,36 +63,39 @@
 if it is part of the log message.
 
 --all-match::
-	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep,
+	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`,
 	instead of ones that match at least one.
 
 -i::
 --regexp-ignore-case::
+	Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
+	case.
 
-	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
+--basic-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
+	this is the default.
 
 -E::
 --extended-regexp::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
 	instead of the default basic regular expressions.
 
 -F::
 --fixed-strings::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
 	pattern as a regular expression).
 
---remove-empty::
+--perl-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions.
+	Requires libpcre to be compiled in.
 
+--remove-empty::
 	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
 
 --merges::
-
 	Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`.
 
 --no-merges::
-
 	Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
 	exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`.
 
@@ -108,8 +103,7 @@
 --max-parents=<number>::
 --no-min-parents::
 --no-max-parents::
-
-	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many
+	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
 	commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`,
 	`--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`.  `--max-parents=0`
 	gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges.
@@ -128,31 +122,26 @@
 	brought in to your history by such a merge.
 
 --not::
-
 	Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
-	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`.
 
 --all::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the
 	command line as '<commit>'.
 
 --branches[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?',
 	'{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --tags[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}',
 	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --remotes[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
@@ -165,13 +154,11 @@
 	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --ignore-missing::
-
 	Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
 	the bad input was not given.
 
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 --bisect::
-
 	Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad`
 	was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good
 	bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command
@@ -179,7 +166,6 @@
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --stdin::
-
 	In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
 	line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is
 	seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
@@ -187,36 +173,32 @@
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --quiet::
-
 	Don't print anything to standard output.  This form
 	is primarily meant to allow the caller to
 	test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
 	connected (or not).  It is faster than redirecting stdout
-	to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted.
+	to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --cherry-mark::
-
 	Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits
 	with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`.
 
 --cherry-pick::
-
 	Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
-	another commit on the "other side" when the set of
+	another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of
 	commits are limited with symmetric difference.
 +
 For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
 to list all commits on only one side of them is with
 `--left-right` (see the example below in the description of
-the `--left-right` option).  It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
-from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
-from branch A).  With this option, such pairs of commits are
+the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were
+cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be
+cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
 excluded from the output.
 
 --left-only::
 --right-only::
-
 	List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range,
 	i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by
 	`--left-right`.
@@ -228,7 +210,6 @@
 list.
 
 --cherry::
-
 	A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to
 	limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
 	have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
@@ -237,32 +218,29 @@
 
 -g::
 --walk-reflogs::
-
 	Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
 	reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
 	When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
 	exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
 	nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
 +
-With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
+With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons),
 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
 taken from the reflog.  By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is
 used in the output.  When the starting commit is specified as
 'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation
-instead.  Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
+instead.  Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is
 prefixed with this information on the same line.
-This option cannot be combined with '\--reverse'.
+This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`.
 See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
 
 --merge::
-
 	After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
 	conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
 
 --boundary::
-
-	Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
-	not shown.
+	Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
+	prefixed with `-`.
 
 --
 
@@ -277,11 +255,9 @@
 The following options select the commits to be shown:
 
 <paths>::
-
 	Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.
 
 --simplify-by-decoration::
-
 	Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
 
 Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
@@ -289,33 +265,27 @@
 The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
 	final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
 	branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
 	with the same content)
 
 --full-history::
-
 	Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
 
 --dense::
-
 	Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
 	meaningful history.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits in the simplified history are shown.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
-	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless
 	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
 	commits contributing to this merge.
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2'
 	or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist
 	directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and
@@ -332,43 +302,45 @@
 illustrate the differences between simplification settings.  We assume
 that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
-	 /     /   /   /   /
-	I     B   C   D   E
-	 \   /   /   /   /
-	  `-------------'
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
+	 /     /   /   /   /   /
+	I     B   C   D   E   Y
+	 \   /   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'   X
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of
+The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
 each merge.  The commits are:
 
 * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
-  "asdf", and a file `quux` exists with contents "quux".  Initial
+  ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial
   commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 
-* In `A`, `foo` contains just "foo".
+* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''.
 
 * `B` contains the same change as `A`.  Its merge `M` is trivial and
   hence TREESAME to all parents.
 
-* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to "foobar",
+* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'',
   so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
-* `D` sets `foo` to "baz".  Its merge `O` combines the strings from
-  `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from
+  `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
-* `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the
-  strings to "quux xyzzy".  Despite appearing interesting, `P` is
-  TREESAME to all parents.
+* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the
+  strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`.
 
-'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding
-commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting
-(via '\--parents' or '\--children') are used.  The following settings
+* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y`
+  modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and
+  `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`.
+
+`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding
+commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting
+(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings
 are available.
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).  If the
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).  If the
 	commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
 	only that parent.  (Even if there are several TREESAME
 	parents, follow only one of them.)  Otherwise, follow all
@@ -387,12 +359,11 @@
 considered via `N`, but is TREESAME.  Root commits are compared to an
 empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 +
-Parent/child relations are only visible with --parents, but that does
+Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does
 not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
 parent lines.
 
 --full-history without parent rewriting::
-
 	This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
 	all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
 	Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
@@ -400,10 +371,10 @@
 	the example, we get
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	I  A  B  N  D  O
+	I  A  B  N  D  O  P  Q
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent.  `E`,
+`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents.  `E`,
 `C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others
 do not appear.
 +
@@ -412,47 +383,43 @@
 them disconnected.
 
 --full-history with parent rewriting::
-
 	Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).
 +
 Merges are always included.  However, their parent list is rewritten:
 Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
 themselves.  This results in
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
 	 /     /   /   /   /
 	I     B   /   D   /
 	 \   /   /   /   /
 	  `-------------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
+Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
 was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
 rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`.  The same happened for `C` and
-`N`.  Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME.
+`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`.
 
 In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
 affects inclusion:
 
 --dense::
-
 	Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
 	to any parent.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits that are walked are included.
 +
-Note that without '\--full-history', this still simplifies merges: if
+Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if
 one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
 sides of the merge are never walked.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
 	First, build a history graph in the same way that
-	'\--full-history' with parent rewriting does (see above).
+	`--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above).
 +
 Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final
 history according to the following rules:
@@ -461,8 +428,9 @@
 * Set `C'` to `C`.
 +
 * Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`.  In
-  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and
-  remove duplicates.
+  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
+  root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
+  to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
 +
 * If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has
   zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
@@ -470,7 +438,7 @@
 --
 +
 The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
-'\--full-history' with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
+`--full-history` with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	  .-A---M---N---O
@@ -480,7 +448,7 @@
 	  `---------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history':
+Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`:
 +
 --
 * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the
@@ -488,16 +456,19 @@
 +
 * `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed.  `P` was then
   removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
++
+* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it
+  was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one
+  parent and is TREESAME.
 --
 
 Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry
-	chain between the "from" and "to" commits in the given commit
-	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the "to"
-	commit, and descendants of the "from" commit.
+	chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit
+	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to''
+	commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit.
 +
 As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
 +
@@ -512,14 +483,14 @@
 A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`,
 but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see
 what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense
-that "what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`". The result in this
+that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this
 example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself,
 of course).
 +
 When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the
 bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view
 only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e.
-excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '--ancestry-path'
+excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path`
 option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -530,7 +501,7 @@
 				L--M
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the
+The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the
 big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
 that are not referenced by tags.  Commits are marked as !TREESAME
 (in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
@@ -543,50 +514,47 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --bisect::
-
-Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
-included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
-`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
-exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
-added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
-are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
-
+	Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+	included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
+	`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
+	exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
+	added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
+	are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
-
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
 	$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 would be of roughly the same length.  Finding the change which
 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
 one.
 
 --bisect-vars::
-
-This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
-`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
-text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
-name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
-expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
-to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
-`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
-number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
-`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
-`bisect_all`.
+	This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
+	`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
+	text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
+	name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
+	expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
+	to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
+	`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
+	number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
+	`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
+	`bisect_all`.
 
 --bisect-all::
-
-This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
-commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
-commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
-from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
-`--bisect`.)
+	This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
+	commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
+	commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
+	from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
+	`--bisect`.)
 +
 This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
 test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
@@ -607,6 +575,10 @@
 	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
 	otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
 
+--author-date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
+
 --topo-order::
 	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
 	avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
@@ -632,47 +604,41 @@
 together.
 
 --reverse::
-
 	Output the commits in reverse order.
-	Cannot be combined with '\--walk-reflogs'.
+	Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`.
 
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.
 
 --objects::
-
 	Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
-	commits.  '--objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+	commits.  `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me
 	all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
-	object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+	object _bar_ but not _foo_''.
 
 --objects-edge::
-
-	Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
-	commits prefixed with a "-" character.  This is used by
-	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+	Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded
+	commits prefixed with a ``-'' character.  This is used by
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build ``thin'' pack, which records
 	objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
 	excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
 
 --unpacked::
-
-	Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
+	Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not
 	in packs.
 
 --no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]::
-
 	Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
 	This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
-	"unsorted" is given, the commits are show in the order they were
-	given on the command line. Otherwise (if "sorted" or no argument
-	was given), the commits are show in reverse chronological order
+	`unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
+	given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument
+	was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
 	by commit time.
 
 --do-walk::
-
-	Overrides a previous --no-walk.
+	Overrides a previous `--no-walk`.
 
 Commit Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -686,46 +652,41 @@
 include::pretty-options.txt[]
 
 --relative-date::
-
 	Synonym for `--date=relative`.
 
 --date=(relative|local|default|iso|rfc|short|raw)::
-
 	Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
-	as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
-	value for log command's --date option.
+	as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default
+	value for the log command's `--date` option.
 +
 `--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
-e.g. "2 hours ago".
+e.g. ``2 hours ago''.
 +
-`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
+`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local time zone.
 +
 `--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
 +
 `--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
-format, often found in E-mail messages.
+format, often found in email messages.
 +
-`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
+`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
 +
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format.
 +
-`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
+`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original time zone
 (either committer's or author's).
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --header::
-
 	Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
 	separated with a NUL character.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --parents::
-
 	Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
 --children::
-
 	Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
@@ -735,7 +696,6 @@
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --left-right::
-
 	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
 	Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
 	the right with `>`.  If combined with `--boundary`, those
@@ -765,7 +725,6 @@
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 --graph::
-
 	Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
 	on the left hand side of the output.  This may cause extra lines
 	to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
@@ -773,31 +732,29 @@
 +
 This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 +
-This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
-'--date-order' option may also be specified.
+This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the
+`--date-order` option may also be specified.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --count::
 	Print a number stating how many commits would have been
 	listed, and suppress all other output.  When used together
-	with '--left-right', instead print the counts for left and
+	with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and
 	right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
-	'--cherry-mark', omit patch equivalent commits from these
+	`--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these
 	counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
 	by a tab.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
-
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 Diff Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output.
 Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
 options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 
 -c::
-
 	With this option, diff output for a merge commit
 	shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
 	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
@@ -805,29 +762,22 @@
 	which were modified from all parents.
 
 --cc::
-
-	This flag implies the '-c' option and further compresses the
+	This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
 	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
 	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
 	one of them without modification.
 
 -m::
-
 	This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
 	regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
 	and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
-	the first parent is shown when '--first-parent' option is given;
+	the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
 	in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
 	brought _into_ the then-current branch.
 
 -r::
-
 	Show recursive diffs.
 
 -t::
-
-	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
-
--s::
-	Suppress diff output.
+	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 991fcd8..2c06ed3 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 --------------------
 
 A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA-1'
 syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
 ones listed near the end of this list name trees and
 blobs contained in a commit.
 
 '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e'::
-  The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
   a leading substring that is unique within the repository.
   E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
   name the same commit object if there is no other object in
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
   object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'.  If you
   happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can
-  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean.
   When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the
   first match in the following rules:
 
@@ -55,9 +55,12 @@
 +
 Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from
 the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
-While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is prefered as
+While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as
 some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
+'@'::
+  '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'.
+
 '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
   enclosed in a brace
@@ -88,10 +91,10 @@
   The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
   before the current one.
 
-'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
-  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to
-  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  A missing ref defaults
-  to the current branch.
+'<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}')
+  refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on
+  top of.  A missing branchname defaults to the current one.
 
 '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
@@ -111,11 +114,23 @@
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
-  brace pair means the object
-  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
-  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
-  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
+  brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until
+  an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).
+  For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'
+  describes the corresponding commit object.
+  Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}'
+  describes the corresponding tree object.
+  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
++
+'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
+object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and
+without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object,
+it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object.
++
+'rev{caret}\{tag\}' can be used to ensure that 'rev' identifies an
+existing tag object.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
@@ -239,11 +254,13 @@
 
 '<rev1>..<rev2>'::
 	Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude
-	those that are reachable from <rev1>.
+	those that are reachable from <rev1>.  When either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
 
 '<rev1>\...<rev2>'::
 	Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or
-	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.
+	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.  When
+	either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
 
 '<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
index 43dbe09..542946b 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 
 Define your array with:
 
-* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
+  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
+  type);
 
 * an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
   allocation is, initialized to `0`;
@@ -13,22 +15,22 @@
 * another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
   array currently has, initialized to `0`.
 
-Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
 alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
 calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
 
 ------------
-sometype *ary;
+sometype *item;
 size_t nr;
 size_t alloc
 
 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like ary[i] already)
+	if (we like item[i] already)
 		return;
 
 /* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
-ary[nr++] = value you like;
+ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
+item[nr++] = value you like;
 ------------
 
 You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index 1a79781..a6b7d83 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -53,3 +53,11 @@
 `argv_array_clear`::
 	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
 	initial, empty state.
+
+`argv_array_detach`::
+	Detach the argv array from the `struct argv_array`, transferring
+	ownership of the allocated array and strings.
+
+`argv_array_free_detached`::
+	Free the memory allocated by a `struct argv_array` that was later
+	detached and is now no longer needed.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
index b0cafe8..f3c1357 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
-git:
+Git:
 
 . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
   signature:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 `RUN_SETUP`::
 
-	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
+	Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a
 	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
 	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
 	done.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 	on bare repositories.
 	This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set.
 
-. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
+. Add `builtin/foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
 
 Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
index edf8dfb..230b3a0 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 config API
 ==========
 
-The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files
+The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
 (and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
 discussion of the config file syntax.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
 for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
 some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
-several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks
+several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
 picking out different variables useful to themselves.
 
 A config callback function takes three parameters:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 ---------------------
 
 Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
-that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
+that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
 call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
 
 `git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
 while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
-almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up
+almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
 configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
 `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
 process. It takes two extra parameters:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`.
 This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository
 config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful
-early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless
+early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless
 you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use
 this.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
index 5977b58..c1b42a4 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 refers to a username and password pair).
 
 This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
-subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to
+subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
 communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
-writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
+writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
 the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
 the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 ------------
 +-----------------------+
-| git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
+| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
 |                       |        authentication
 |.......................|
 | C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 	| pipe |
 	|      v
 +-----------------------+
-| git credential helper |
+| Git credential helper |
 +-----------------------+
 ------------
 
-The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
+The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
 credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
 API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
 "git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 C API
 -----
 
-The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to
+The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
 acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
 representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
 fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 		break;
 	default:
 		/*
-		 * Some other error occured. We don't know if the
+		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
 		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
 		 * credential subsystem.
 		 */
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@
 Credential Helpers
 ------------------
 
-Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
 credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
 in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
 
 Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
 variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
-The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
 these rules:
 
   1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
 For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
 on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
 even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.
+attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
 If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
index 2d2ebc0..8b001de 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 
 * Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
   internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
-  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on).
+  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on);
+  the callback set_default in diff_options can be used to tweak this more.
 
 * As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
   modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
@@ -115,6 +116,13 @@
 	operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
 	library.
 
+`touched_flags`::
+	Records whether a flag has been changed due to user request
+	(rather than just set/unset by default).
+
+`set_default`::
+	Callback which allows tweaking the options in diff_setup_done().
+
 BINARY, TEXT;;
 	Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
index add6f43..7f8e78d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -9,37 +9,51 @@
 --------------
 
 `struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
-options are:
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
+`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
+recursively descends into subdirectories.
+
+The notable options are:
 
 `exclude_per_dir`::
 
 	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
 	files (typically `.gitignore`).
 
-`collect_ignored`::
+`flags`::
 
-	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+	A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive):
 
-`show_ignored`::
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
 
-	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
-	files.
+	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files.
 
-`show_other_directories`::
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
+
+	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]`
+	in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`.
+
+`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
+
+	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
+	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
+	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
+	directories.
+
+`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Include a directory that is not tracked.
 
-`hide_empty_directories`::
+`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
 
-`no_gitlinks`::
+`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
 
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
 	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
 
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
 
 `entries[]`::
 
@@ -54,6 +68,14 @@
 
 	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
 
+`ignored[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
+	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
+
+`ignored_nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
 
 Calling sequence
 ----------------
@@ -64,11 +86,13 @@
 * Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
   sizeof(dir))`.
 
-* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
-  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
-  the standard set of exclude settings.
+* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
+  `add_exclude()`.
+
+* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+  up the standard set of exclude settings.
 
 * Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
 
@@ -76,4 +100,6 @@
 
 * Use `dir.entries[]`.
 
+* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+
 (JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
index d6fc90a..18142b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
 output will be printed.
 
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
-  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
-  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
-  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
-  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
+  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
+  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
+  terminating newline.
 
 * `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
   stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
index 730cfac..eda8c19 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT API Documents
+Git API Documents
 =================
 
-GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+Git has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
 documents them.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 3062389..0be2b51 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 parse-options API
 =================
 
-The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
 and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
 
 Basics
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending
   `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely,
   options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it.
+  Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set
+  integer to 0) by prepending `no-`.
 
 * Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--`
   option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that
@@ -174,6 +176,10 @@
 	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
 	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
 
+`OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`.
+	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
+
 `OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`::
 	Introduce an option with argument.
 	The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr`
@@ -269,10 +275,10 @@
 --------
 
 See `test-parse-options.c` and
-`builtin-add.c`,
-`builtin-clone.c`,
-`builtin-commit.c`,
-`builtin-fetch.c`,
-`builtin-fsck.c`,
-`builtin-rm.c`
+`builtin/add.c`,
+`builtin/clone.c`,
+`builtin/commit.c`,
+`builtin/fetch.c`,
+`builtin/fsck.c`,
+`builtin/rm.c`
 for real-world examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
index dbbea95..02adfd4 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 * `head_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_ref_in_submodule()`, `for_each_tag_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_branch_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_remote_ref_submodule()`
-  do the same as the functions descibed above but for a specified
+  do the same as the functions described above but for a specified
   submodule.
 
 * `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@
 this:
 
 	const char *path = "path/to/submodule"
-	if (!add_submodule_odb(path))
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
 		die("Error submodule '%s' not populated.", path);
 
-`add_submodule_odb()` will return an non-zero value on success. If you
+`add_submodule_odb()` will return zero on success. If you
 do not do this you will get an error for each ref that it does not point
 to a valid object.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
index c54b17d..4be8776 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
 remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
 fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
 configuration, giving them just the default information.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 `receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
 
 	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	git-native protocols.
+	Git-native protocols.
 
 `http_proxy`::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
index b7d0d9a..55b878a 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 `reset_revision_walk`::
 
 	Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use
-	this to do multiple sequencial revision walks.
+	this to do multiple sequential revision walks.
 
 Data structures
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index f18b4f4..5d7d7f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -55,10 +55,8 @@
   non-zero.
 
 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
-  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
-  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
-  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
+  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
 
 
 `start_async`::
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
index 4f63a04..540e455 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,42 @@
 * is_inside_git_dir()
 * is_inside_work_tree()
 * setup_work_tree()
-* get_pathspec()
 
 (Dscho)
+
+Pathspec
+--------
+
+See glossary-context.txt for the syntax of pathspec. In memory, a
+pathspec set is represented by "struct pathspec" and is prepared by
+parse_pathspec(). This function takes several arguments:
+
+- magic_mask specifies what features that are NOT supported by the
+  following code. If a user attempts to use such a feature,
+  parse_pathspec() can reject it early.
+
+- flags specifies other things that the caller wants parse_pathspec to
+  perform.
+
+- prefix and args come from cmd_* functions
+
+get_pathspec() is obsolete and should never be used in new code.
+
+parse_pathspec() helps catch unsupported features and reject them
+politely. At a lower level, different pathspec-related functions may
+not support the same set of features. Such pathspec-sensitive
+functions are guarded with GUARD_PATHSPEC(), which will die in an
+unfriendly way when an unsupported feature is requested.
+
+The command designers are supposed to make sure that GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+never dies. They have to make sure all unsupported features are caught
+by parse_pathspec(), not by GUARD_PATHSPEC. grepping GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+should give the designers all pathspec-sensitive codepaths and what
+features they support.
+
+A similar process is applied when a new pathspec magic is added. The
+designer lifts the GUARD_PATHSPEC restriction in the functions that
+support the new magic. At the same time (s)he has to make sure this
+new feature will be caught at parse_pathspec() in commands that cannot
+handle the new magic in some cases. grepping parse_pathspec() should
+help.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
index 45d1c51..3e75497 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sha1-array API
 ==============
 
-The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA1
+The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA-1
 identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
 making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
 not preserved over some operations.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 `struct sha1_array`::
 
-	A single array of SHA1 hashes. This should be initialized by
+	A single array of SHA-1 hashes. This should be initialized by
 	assignment from `SHA1_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `sha1` member contains
 	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
 	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
index 95a8bf3..3350d97 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@
 	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
 	data.
 
+`strbuf_add_commented_lines`::
+
+	Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
+	by a comment character and a blank.
+
 `strbuf_add`::
 
 	Add data of given length to the buffer.
@@ -225,10 +230,20 @@
 	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
 	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
 
+`strbuf_humanise_bytes`::
+
+	Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
+	3.50 MiB).
+
 `strbuf_addf`::
 
 	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
 
+`strbuf_commented_addf`::
+
+	Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
+	blank to the buffer.
+
 `strbuf_fread`::
 
 	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
@@ -279,6 +294,22 @@
 	Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
 	comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
 
+`strbuf_split_buf`::
+`strbuf_split_str`::
+`strbuf_split_max`::
+`strbuf_split`::
+
+	Split a string or strbuf into a list of strbufs at a specified
+	terminator character.  The returned substrings include the
+	terminator characters.  Some of these functions take a `max`
+	parameter, which, if positive, limits the output to that
+	number of substrings.
+
+`strbuf_list_free`::
+
+	Free a list of strbufs (for example, the return values of the
+	`strbuf_split()` functions).
+
 `launch_editor`::
 
 	Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
index 94d7a2b..20be348 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
   `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`.
 
 . Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted
-  list using `filter_string_list`.
+  list using `filter_string_list`, or remove empty strings using
+  `string_list_remove_empty_items`.
 
 . Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
 
@@ -75,13 +76,11 @@
 	to be deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are
 	retained.
 
-`string_list_longest_prefix`::
+`string_list_remove_empty_items`::
 
-	Return the longest string within a string_list that is a
-	prefix (in the sense of prefixcmp()) of the specified string,
-	or NULL if no such prefix exists.  This function does not
-	require the string_list to be sorted (it does a linear
-	search).
+	Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true,
+	call free() on the util members of any items that have to be
+	deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
 
 `print_string_list`::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d21d77d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+HTTP transfer protocols
+=======================
+
+Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols.  A "dumb" protocol
+which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
+connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
+(or server module).  This document describes both protocols.
+
+As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
+protocol URLs to smart URLs.  This permits all users to have the
+same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
+efficient transport available to them.
+
+
+URL Format
+----------
+
+URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
+URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:
+
+  http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart>
+
+Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL will stand for
+the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.
+
+Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL, as
+both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
+by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
+supplied $GIT_URL string.
+
+An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355
+
+An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
+  URL request:  http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack
+
+An example of a request to a submodule:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs
+
+Clients MUST strip a trailing '/', if present, from the user supplied
+$GIT_URL string to prevent empty path tokens ('//') from appearing
+in any URL sent to a server.  Compatible clients MUST expand
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs' as 'foo/info/refs' and not 'foo//info/refs'.
+
+
+Authentication
+--------------
+
+Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
+to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
+HTTP server software.
+
+Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
+server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
+their HTTP server to control repository access.
+
+Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2616.
+Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
+HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.
+
+Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
+authentication or access control.
+
+Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
+authentication, such as Digest authentication.
+
+
+SSL
+---
+
+Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
+passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.
+
+
+Session State
+-------------
+
+The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
+from the perspective of the HTTP server side.  All state MUST be
+retained and managed by the client process.  This permits simple
+round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
+worry about state management.
+
+Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
+order to function correctly.
+
+Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
+Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
+as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1).  Servers SHOULD ignore any
+cookies sent by a client.
+
+
+General Request Processing
+--------------------------
+
+Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
+by both client and server.  This includes (but is not necessarily
+limited to):
+
+If there is no repository at $GIT_URL, or the resource pointed to by a
+location matching $GIT_URL does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
+with '200 OK' response.  A server SHOULD respond with
+'404 Not Found', '410 Gone', or any other suitable HTTP status code
+which does not imply the resource exists as requested.
+
+If there is a repository at $GIT_URL, but access is not currently
+permitted, the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP
+status code.
+
+Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.
+
+Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
+and/or If-None-Match request headers.
+
+Servers MAY return '304 Not Modified' if the relevant headers appear
+in the request and the entity has not changed.  Clients MUST treat
+'304 Not Modified' identical to '200 OK' by reusing the cached entity.
+
+Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
+Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching.  Clients and
+servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.
+
+
+Discovering References
+----------------------
+
+All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
+discovering the references available on the remote repository.
+
+Dumb Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
+references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
+the repository.
+
+Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET request to $GIT_URL/info/refs,
+without any search/query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
+"text/plain; charset=utf-8", but MAY be any content type.
+Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
+Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
+"application/x-git-".
+
+Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
+status code.  Valid responses are '200 OK', or '304 Not Modified'.
+
+The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
+each ref and its known value.  The file SHOULD be sorted by name
+according to the C locale ordering.  The file SHOULD NOT include
+the default ref named 'HEAD'.
+
+  info_refs   =  *( ref_record )
+  ref_record  =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+
+  any_ref     =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+  peeled_ref  =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+		 obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
+"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
+a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.
+
+The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
+'service=$servicename', where $servicename MUST be the service
+name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
+The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+
+   dumb server reply:
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+   smart server reply:
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
+   S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
+   S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
+   S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
+   S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
+
+Dumb Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.
+
+See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
+description of the dumb server response.
+
+Smart Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
+requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
+the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP status code.
+
+Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
+format for the requested service name.
+
+Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+The Content-Type MUST be 'application/x-$servicename-advertisement'.
+Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
+type is returned.  When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
+SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, but
+instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.  Clients MUST NOT
+continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.
+
+Clients MUST validate the status code is either '200 OK' or
+'304 Not Modified'.
+
+Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
+matches the regex "^[0-9a-f]{4}#".  If this test fails, clients
+MUST NOT continue.
+
+Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
+records.
+
+Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is "# service=$servicename".
+Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
+Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
+Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.
+
+Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic "0000" end
+pkt-line marker.
+
+The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
+its known value.  The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
+the C locale ordering.  The stream SHOULD include the default ref
+named 'HEAD' as the first ref.  The stream MUST include capability
+declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.
+
+  smart_reply     =  PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
+		     ref_list
+		     "0000"
+  ref_list        =  empty_list / non_empty_list
+
+  empty_list      =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)
+
+  non_empty_list  =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *ref_record
+
+  cap-list        =  capability *(SP capability)
+  capability      =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
+  LC_ALPHA        =  %x61-7A
+
+  ref_record      =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+  any_ref         =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+  peeled_ref      =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+		     PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Service git-upload-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack'.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
+   C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
+   C: 0000
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....ACK %s, continue
+   S: ....NAK
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one 'want' command in the request body.
+Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a 'want' command which did not
+appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
+server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want".
+
+  compute_request   =  want_list
+		       have_list
+		       request_end
+  request_end       =  "0000" / "done"
+
+  want_list         =  PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF)
+		       *(want_pkt)
+  want_pkt          =  PKT-LINE(want LF)
+  want              =  "want" SP id
+  cap_list          =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  have_list         =  *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+TODO: Don't use uppercase for variable names below.
+
+The Negotiation Algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
+(c = client, s = server):
+
+ init step:
+ (c) Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.
+ (c) Place any object seen into set ADVERTISED.
+
+ (c) Build an empty set, COMMON, to hold the objects that are later
+     determined to be on both ends.
+ (c) Build a set, WANT, of the objects from ADVERTISED the client
+     wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.
+
+ (c) Start a queue, C_PENDING, ordered by commit time (popping newest
+     first).  Add all client refs.  When a commit is popped from
+     the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
+     Commits MUST only enter the queue once.
+
+ one compute step:
+ (c) Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack request:
+
+   C: 0032want <WANT #1>...............................
+   C: 0032want <WANT #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <COMMON #1>.............................
+   C: 0032have <COMMON #2>.............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <HAVE #1>...............................
+   C: 0032have <HAVE #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0000
+
+     The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
+     appearing by itself in a pkt-line.  Within a command line
+     the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
+     and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
+     Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
+     the pkt-line value.
+
+     Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
+     at all in the request stream:
+
+       * want
+       * have
+
+     The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush ("0000").
+
+     A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
+     SHA-1 as its value.  Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
+     multiple commands.
+
+     The HAVE list is created by popping the first 32 commits
+     from C_PENDING.  Less can be supplied if C_PENDING empties.
+
+     If the client has sent 256 HAVE commits and has not yet
+     received one of those back from S_COMMON, or the client has
+     emptied C_PENDING it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
+     the server know it won't proceed:
+
+   C: 0009done
+
+  (s) Parse the git-upload-pack request:
+
+      Verify all objects in WANT are directly reachable from refs.
+
+      The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
+      the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.
+
+      If no WANT objects are received, send an error:
+
+TODO: Define error if no want lines are requested.
+
+      If any WANT object is not reachable, send an error:
+
+TODO: Define error if an invalid want is requested.
+
+     Create an empty list, S_COMMON.
+
+     If 'have' was sent:
+
+     Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.
+     For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
+     a ref, add it to S_COMMON.  If a commit is added to S_COMMON,
+     do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in HAVE.
+
+  (s) Send the git-upload-pack response:
+
+     If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
+     request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
+
+TODO: Document the pack based response
+   S: PACK...
+
+     The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
+     by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
+     stream 1.  Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
+     in stream 2.
+
+     Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
+     one path from every WANT to at least one COMMON object.
+
+     If the server needs more information, it replies with a
+     status continue response:
+
+TODO: Document the non-pack response
+
+  (c) Parse the upload-pack response:
+
+TODO: Document parsing response
+
+      Do another compute step.
+
+
+Smart Service git-receive-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack'.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
+   C: 0000
+   C: PACK....
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
+Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
+the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.
+
+  update_request  =  command_list
+		     "PACK" <binary data>
+
+  command_list    =  PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *(command_pkt)
+  command_pkt     =  PKT-LINE(command LF)
+  cap_list        =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  command         =  create / delete / update
+  create          =  zero-id SP new_id SP name
+  delete          =  old_id SP zero-id SP name
+  update          =  old_id SP new_id SP name
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)]
+link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1]
+link:technical/pack-protocol.html
+link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 7324154..f352a9b 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT index format
+Git index format
 ================
 
-== The git index file has the following format
+== The Git index file has the following format
 
   All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
   here unless stated otherwise.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
        The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
 
      4-byte version number:
-       The current supported versions are 2 and 3.
+       The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
 
      32-bit number of index entries.
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
    - Extensions
 
      Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
-     be ignored if GIT does not understand them.
+     be ignored if Git does not understand them.
 
-     GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
+     Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
 
      4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
      extension is optional and can be ignored.
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@
     12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
     is stored in this field.
 
-  (Version 3) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the "extended flag"
-  above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
+  (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
+  "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
 
     1-bit reserved for future
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 
   A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries.
   When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher
-  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton
+  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution
   is added.
 
   When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index a7871fb..8e5bf60 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-GIT pack format
+Git pack format
 ===============
 
 == pack-*.pack files have the following format:
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
          The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
 
      4-byte version number (network byte order):
-         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+	 Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
          generates version 2 only.
 
      4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
@@ -26,13 +26,15 @@
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name
+     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
+	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
 
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
 
 == Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
 
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
     packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
     footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
index 103eb5d..95a07db 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-        Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
-        ===================================
+Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
+===================================
 
         Oh, here's a really stupid question:
 
                   Where do I go
                to learn the details
-	    of git's packing heuristics?
+	    of Git's packing heuristics?
 
 Be careful what you ask!
 
-Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to
 February 10, 2006.
 
 It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 Let's listen in!
 
     <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
-        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+	learn the details of Git's packing heuristics?  google avails
         me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
         through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
         of that.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
     <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
 	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
-	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially
 	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
 
 It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 And switch.  That ought to do it!
 
-    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+    <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
         - generate a list of all objects
         - sort the list according to magic heuristics
         - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 
     <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
         ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
-        ordered by SHA1.
+	ordered by SHA-1.
 
         Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
         window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
@@ -366,12 +366,6 @@
 
     <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first
 
-For the other record:
-
-    <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965
-
-The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
-
     <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff
         having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care.
 
@@ -382,7 +376,7 @@
     <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
 
     <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
-        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+	because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and
         for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
 
 Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
@@ -432,12 +426,12 @@
 In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
 design options, etc.
 
-    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_
         never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
 
         Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
-        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
-        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+	behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean
+	that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and
         straightforward.
 
         It's all been quite stable.
@@ -461,6 +455,6 @@
     <njs`> :-)
 
     <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
-        details on git packs :-)
+	details on Git packs :-)
 
 And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index f1a51ed..b898e97 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -228,8 +228,7 @@
 The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies
 of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as
 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of
-the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which
-it does not know exists on the server.
+the client's history.
 
 The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for
 this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index b15517f..fd8ffa5 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@
 and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
 
-The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and
+The 'report-status', 'delete-refs', and 'quiet' capabilities are sent and
 recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
 
-The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack
-and receive-pack protocols.
+The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
+by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols.  The 'agent' capability
+may optionally be sent in both protocols.
 
 All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
 from server) process.
@@ -123,6 +124,20 @@
 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
 
+agent
+-----
+
+The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to
+notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may
+optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y`
+capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
+agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable
+ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
+are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
+agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
+purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programatically assume the presence
+or absence of particular features.
+
 shallow
 -------
 
@@ -168,7 +183,7 @@
 report-status
 -------------
 
-The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
+The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
 a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
@@ -185,3 +200,20 @@
 value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
 to delete references.
+
+quiet
+-----
+
+If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is
+capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
+be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
+respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress
+reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
+(e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty).
+
+allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+----------------------
+
+If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
+send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 53aa0c8..242a044 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Use of index and Racy git problem
+Use of index and Racy Git problem
 =================================
 
 Background
 ----------
 
-The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
 It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
 paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
 write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
 "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
 often does not, match the files in the working tree.
 
-There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the
 virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
 working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
 diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
-`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, Git internally checks
 if the files in the working tree are different from what are
 recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
 during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@
 working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
 information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
 call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
-git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
 with this information (this is what was originally done by the
 `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
 `ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
-stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
 files are modified without even looking at their contents.
 
 Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
 are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
-is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+is not useful.  Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
 files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
 files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
 timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@
 on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
 inode is evicted from the inode cache.  See commit 8ce13b0
 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
-([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
+([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems,
 2005-01-04).
 
-Racy git
+Racy Git
 --------
 
 There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
 information the index entry records still exactly match what you
 would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
 different.
-This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
 are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
-the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
 that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
 are called "racily clean".
 
-To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+To avoid this problem, Git does two things:
 
 . When the cached stat information says the file has not been
   modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
 would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
 checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
-does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
 expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
 
 
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@
   $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
   $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index
 
-This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux-2.6
-project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working
-tree.  On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
+This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux project, for
+example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree.  On my
+Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
 
   $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
   1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 Avoiding runtime penalty
 ------------------------
 
-In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
 to have a code that made sure the index file
 got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
 there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 0502a54..5183b15 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 these commits have no parents.
 *********************************************************
 
-The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into
 $GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
 of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
 cannot contain parent information).
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
 was never manually edited!).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
@@ -53,3 +53,6 @@
 You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
+number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
index 00f7e79..282758e 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 The name of one of the following can be used instead
 of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
 
-* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 1d15ee7..9ccb246 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
 them).
 
+The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
+should be used with caution on unsecured networks.
+
 The following syntaxes may be used with them:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
@@ -23,17 +26,23 @@
 
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
 
+This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
+first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
+colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an
+absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
+url.
+
 The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
-- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
 
 ifndef::git-clone[]
 These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
-When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
+When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
 may be used:
@@ -55,7 +64,7 @@
 
 where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
-invoked. See linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1] for details.
+invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1] for details.
 
 If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 85651b5..cbb01a1 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
-______________________________________________
-
+Git User Manual
+_______________
 
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
 This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
-command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.
 
 <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 
 Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
 pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
-"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+`git clone <repo>`, you can either use:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ man git-clone
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands,
 without any explanation.
 
 Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
@@ -46,10 +45,10 @@
 =========================
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a git repository
+How to get a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
-It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
 
 The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
@@ -57,20 +56,20 @@
 project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+	# Git itself (approx. 40MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+	# the Linux kernel (approx. 640MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
 will only need to clone once.
 
-The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
-or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project
+(`git` or `linux` in the examples above).  After you cd into this
 directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
 called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
-top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
-interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In Git each such
 version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
 
 Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@
 parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
 merge and diverge.
 
-A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
 does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
 latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
 you the list of branch heads:
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@
 did, and why.
 
 Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
-"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the `git show` output.  You can usually
 refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
 longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
 name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@
 contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
 without its name also changing.
 
-In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git
 history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@
 Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
 beginning of the project.
 
-However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of
 development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
 lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
 representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@
 of development leading to that point.
 
 The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
-command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
-commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how Git organizes history.
 
 In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
 if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@
 Understanding history: History diagrams
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
 lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
 
@@ -268,35 +267,31 @@
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
 
-git branch::
-	list all branches
-git branch <branch>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
-	point in history as the current branch
-git branch <branch> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
-	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
-	including using a branch name or a tag name
-git branch -d <branch>::
-	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
-	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
-	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
-git branch -D <branch>::
-	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
-	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
-	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
-	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
-	the branch.
-git checkout <branch>::
-	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
-	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
-git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+`git branch`::
+	list all branches.
+`git branch <branch>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same
+	point in history as the current branch.
+`git branch <branch> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing
+	`<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like,
+	including using a branch name or a tag name.
+`git branch -d <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch is not fully
+	merged in its upstream branch or contained in the current branch,
+	this command will fail with a warning.
+`git branch -D <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
+`git checkout <branch>`::
+	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
+`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
 	check it out.
 
 The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
-branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
-remember which branch is current:
+branch.  In fact, Git uses a file named `HEAD` in the `.git` directory
+to remember which branch is current:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/HEAD
@@ -313,10 +308,17 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout v2.6.17
-Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
-If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
-(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
-  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
+
+You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
+changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
+state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+
+If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
+do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+
+  git checkout -b new_branch_name
+
 HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@
 $ cat .git/HEAD
 427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from v2.6.17)
   master
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
 keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
 remote-tracking branches, which you
-can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+can view using the `-r` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@
 for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
 branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
 above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
-be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+be updated by `git fetch` (hence `git pull`) and `git push`. See
 <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
 
 You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
@@ -374,10 +376,10 @@
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
 write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
 
-Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
@@ -386,17 +388,17 @@
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
-starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+starting with `refs`; the names we've been using so far are actually
 shorthand:
 
-	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
-	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
-	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+	- The branch `test` is short for `refs/heads/test`.
+	- The tag `v2.6.18` is short for `refs/tags/v2.6.18`.
+	- `origin/master` is short for `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
 
 The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
 exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
 
-(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the `.git/refs` directory,
 under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
 they may also be packed together in a single file; see
 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@
 to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
 is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
 
-For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and
 the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
 references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@
 repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
 at the new commits.
 
-The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
+The command `git fetch`, with no arguments, will update all of the
 remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
 repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
@@ -431,43 +433,49 @@
 cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-$ git fetch linux-nfs
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
-that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `staging`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
-linux-nfs/master
-origin/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
-named <remote> will be updated.
+If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches
+for the named `<remote>` will be updated.
 
-If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+If you examine the file `.git/config`, you will see that Git has added
 a new stanza:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/config
 ...
-[remote "linux-nfs"]
-	url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
+[remote "staging"]
+	url = git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/staging/*
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
-or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing `.git/config` with a
 text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring git history
+Exploring Git history
 =====================
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
@@ -499,7 +507,7 @@
 [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+If you run `git branch` at this point, you'll see that Git has
 temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
 branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
 is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
@@ -511,7 +519,7 @@
 [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling Git at each
 stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
 that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
 half each time.
@@ -545,24 +553,24 @@
 $ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+then test, run `bisect good` or `bisect bad` as appropriate, and
 continue.
 
-Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
-fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+Instead of `git bisect visualize` and then `git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...`, you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip
 the current commit:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect skip
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first
 bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
 
 There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
 test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
-linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
-bisect" features.
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
+bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
 Naming commits
@@ -591,7 +599,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
-^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+`^` and `~` follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
 also choose:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +648,7 @@
 $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+You can use `stable-1` to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
 
 This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
 comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
@@ -669,7 +677,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
-commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+commits since v2.5 which touch the `Makefile` or any file under `fs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
@@ -681,11 +689,11 @@
 $ git log -p
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+See the `--pretty` option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
 display options.
 
 Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
-backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain
 multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
@@ -732,7 +740,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
-may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -742,8 +750,8 @@
 Counting the number of commits on a branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
-since it diverged from "origin":
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
+since it diverged from `origin`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
@@ -780,9 +788,9 @@
 e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
-contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
-both: so
+Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits
+reachable from either one reference or the other but not
+both; so
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log origin...master
@@ -808,7 +816,7 @@
 $ gitk e05db0fd..
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
+or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
 name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
 descendants:
 
@@ -852,8 +860,8 @@
 
 As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
 the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
-side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.  So,
-you can run something like
+side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.
+So, if you run something like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
@@ -865,22 +873,22 @@
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then search for a line that looks like
+then a line like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 + ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
 available
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
-from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
+shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1,
+and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0.
 
 [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
 Showing commits unique to a given branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
-head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
 
 We can list all the heads in this repository with
 linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
@@ -894,7 +902,7 @@
 1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove `master`, with
 the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -931,11 +939,20 @@
 any version of a project; for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+$ git archive -o latest.tar.gz --prefix=project/ HEAD
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
-preceded by "project/".
+will use HEAD to produce a gzipped tar archive in which each filename
+is preceded by `project/`.  The output file format is inferred from
+the output file extension if possible, see linkgit:git-archive[1] for
+details.
+
+Versions of Git older than 1.7.7 don't know about the `tar.gz` format,
+you'll need to use gzip explicitly:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
 to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
@@ -984,16 +1001,23 @@
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with git
+Developing with Git
 ===================
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling git your name
+Telling Git your name
 ---------------------
 
-Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
-easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
-file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
+The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name 'Your Name Comes Here'
+$ git config --global user.email 'you@yourdomain.example.com'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Which will add the following to a file named `.gitconfig` in your
+home directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 [user]
@@ -1001,8 +1025,9 @@
 	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details on the configuration file.)
+See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.  The file is plain text, so you can
+also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
@@ -1035,35 +1060,29 @@
 
 	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
 	   favorite editor.
-	2. Telling git about your changes.
-	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	2. Telling Git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about
 	   in step 2.
 
 In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
 times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
-at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
 special staging area called "the index."
 
 At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
-that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+that of the HEAD.  The command `git diff --cached`, which shows
 the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
 produce no output at that point.
 
 Modifying the index is easy:
 
-To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
+To update the index with the contents of a new or modified file, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git add path/to/file
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git add path/to/file
--------------------------------------------------
-
-To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
+To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git rm path/to/file
@@ -1084,7 +1103,7 @@
 
 shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
 
-Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+Note that `git add` always adds just the current contents of a file
 to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
 you run `git add` on the file again.
 
@@ -1094,7 +1113,7 @@
 $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
 commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1138,7 +1157,7 @@
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
 description.  The text up to the first blank line in a commit
 message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
-throughout git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
 commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
 rest of the commit in the body.
 
@@ -1147,16 +1166,17 @@
 Ignoring files
 --------------
 
-A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
-backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git
 is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
 annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
 `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
 `git status`.
 
-You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
-in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called
+`.gitignore` in the top level of your working directory, with contents
+such as:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 # Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
@@ -1180,10 +1200,10 @@
 
 If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
 (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
-them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
-specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
-commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
-See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+them in a file in your repository named `.git/info/exclude`, or in any
+file specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.
+Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
+command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
 How to merge
@@ -1196,10 +1216,10 @@
 $ git merge branchname
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+merges the development in the branch `branchname` into the current
 branch.
 
-A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in `branchname` and the
 changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
 their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
 the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
@@ -1227,7 +1247,7 @@
 
 Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
 you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
-with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when
 creating a new file.
 
 If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
@@ -1238,7 +1258,7 @@
 Resolving a merge
 -----------------
 
-When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
 information you need to help resolve the merge.
 
@@ -1274,14 +1294,14 @@
 default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
 your own if desired.
 
-The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
 Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
 the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
 
@@ -1321,7 +1341,7 @@
 
 The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
 file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
-each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+each line by a single `+` or `-`, it now uses two columns: the first
 column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
 directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
 and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
@@ -1413,7 +1433,7 @@
 were merged.
 
 However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
-commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
+commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then Git
 just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
 forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
 commits being created.
@@ -1439,7 +1459,7 @@
 
 	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
 	never do this if you have already made the history public;
-	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
 	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
@@ -1464,7 +1484,7 @@
 $ git revert HEAD^
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
 intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
 with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
 conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
@@ -1561,18 +1581,12 @@
 Ensuring good performance
 -------------------------
 
-On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
-
-This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
-should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git gc
--------------------------------------------------
-
-to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
-you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
+Git commands may automatically run linkgit:git-gc[1], so you don't
+have to worry about running it manually.  However, compressing a large
+repository may take a while, so you may want to call `gc` explicitly
+to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
@@ -1602,7 +1616,7 @@
 
 You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects
 that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of
-your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc".
+your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with `gc`.
 You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
 view real errors.
 
@@ -1614,11 +1628,11 @@
 Reflogs
 ^^^^^^^
 
-Say you modify a branch with +linkgit:git-reset[1] \--hard+, and then
-realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
-history.
+Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
+and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
+that point in history.
 
-Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
 previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
 old history using, for example,
 
@@ -1627,8 +1641,8 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
-"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
-that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+`master` branch head.  This syntax can be used with any Git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with `git log`.  Some other examples:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
@@ -1653,7 +1667,7 @@
 how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
-Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history.
 While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
 same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
@@ -1732,8 +1746,8 @@
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
-configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+In fact, if you have `master` checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by `git clone` to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
 origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
@@ -1748,11 +1762,11 @@
 More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
 will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+`branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
 linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
 
-In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, `git pull` also helps you by
 producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
 repository that you pulled from.
 
@@ -1760,7 +1774,7 @@
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
 updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
 
-The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+The `git pull` command can also be given `.` as the "remote" repository,
 in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
 the commands
 
@@ -1769,7 +1783,7 @@
 $ git merge branch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-are roughly equivalent.  The former is actually very commonly used.
+are roughly equivalent.
 
 [[submitting-patches]]
 Submitting patches to a project
@@ -1785,7 +1799,14 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
-for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+for each patch in the current branch but not in `origin/HEAD`.
+
+`git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert
+commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which
+`format-patch` places after the commit message but before the patch
+itself.  If you use `git notes` to track your cover letter material,
+`git format-patch --notes` will include the commit's notes in a similar
+manner.
 
 You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
 hand.  However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
@@ -1800,7 +1821,7 @@
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
 Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
-single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+single mailbox file, say `patches.mbox`, then run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git am -3 patches.mbox
@@ -1808,18 +1829,18 @@
 
 Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
 will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
-"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
-git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The `-3` option tells
+Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
 leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
 
 Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
 resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git am --resolved
+$ git am --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
 remaining patches from the mailbox.
 
 The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
@@ -1827,7 +1848,7 @@
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public git repositories
+Public Git repositories
 -----------------------
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
@@ -1884,7 +1905,7 @@
 Setting up a public repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
 is meant to be public:
 
@@ -1894,28 +1915,28 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
-just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+just the contents of the `.git` directory, without any files checked out
 around it.
 
-Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+Next, copy `proj.git` to the server where you plan to host the
 public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
 If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
-at.  You can then skip to the section
+directory to put the repository in, and what `git://` URL it will
+appear at.  You can then skip to the section
 "<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
 repository>>", below.
 
 Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
 listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
-that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file
 git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
 arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
 
@@ -1924,13 +1945,13 @@
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via http
+Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
-host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
 
-All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in
 a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
 adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
 
@@ -1944,7 +1965,7 @@
 (For an explanation of the last two lines, see
 linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
 
-Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+Advertise the URL of `proj.git`.  Anybody else should then be able to
 clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1952,9 +1973,9 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 (See also
-link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
+link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html[setup-git-server-over-http]
 for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
-allows pushing over http.)
+allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
 Pushing changes to a public repository
@@ -1967,8 +1988,8 @@
 latest changes created in your private repository.
 
 The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
-update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
-branch named "master", run
+update the remote branch named `master` with the latest state of your
+branch named `master`, run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
@@ -1984,31 +2005,37 @@
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
 handling this case.
 
-Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+Note that the target of a `push` is normally a
 <<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
-repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
-will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
-the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
+currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
-save typing; so, for example, after
+save typing; so, for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
+$ git remote add public-repo ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
 [remote "public-repo"]
-	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-EOF
+	url = yourserver.com:proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-you should be able to perform the above push with just
+which lets you do the same push with just
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push public-repo master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
-and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details.
+See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
+`branch.<name>.remote`, and `remote.<name>.push` options in
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
 What to do when a push fails
@@ -2039,6 +2066,13 @@
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the
+`-f` flag to force the remote update, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push -f ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
 Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
 is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
 before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
@@ -2066,9 +2100,9 @@
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
 set this up.
 
-However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared
 repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
-simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by
 exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
 advantages over the central shared repository:
 
@@ -2092,8 +2126,8 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
-project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
-gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+project's files and history without having to install Git; see the file
+gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -2103,7 +2137,7 @@
 Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
 
 He uses two public branches:
@@ -2124,7 +2158,7 @@
 tree:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git work
 $ cd work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2136,7 +2170,7 @@
 
 Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
 at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
-the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+the `--track` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
 Linus by default.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2153,9 +2187,9 @@
 
 Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
 this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
-changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
 the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
-doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+doing this capriciously in the `release` branch, as these noisy commits
 will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
 from the release branch.
 
@@ -2166,7 +2200,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
 [remote "mytree"]
-	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
+	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux.git
 	push = release
 	push = test
 EOF
@@ -2197,7 +2231,7 @@
 Linus's branch. Picking a stable base for your branch will:
 1) help you: by avoiding inclusion of unrelated and perhaps lightly
 tested changes
-2) help future bug hunters that use "git bisect" to find problems
+2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
@@ -2211,23 +2245,23 @@
 $ ... patch ... test  ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
+When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
 "test" branch in preparation to make it public:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
 spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
 
 Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
-same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+same branch into the `release` tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
 see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
-means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
@@ -2257,7 +2291,7 @@
 
 Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
 then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+`origin/master` branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
 You detect this when the output from:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2272,27 +2306,23 @@
 
 Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
 branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
-these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
-merge that into the "test" branch.
+these changes, just apply directly to the `release` branch, and then
+merge that into the `test` branch.
 
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== update script ====
-# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# Update a branch in my Git tree.  If the branch to be updated
 # is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
 # origin/master branch into test|release branch
 
@@ -2310,7 +2340,7 @@
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 	;;
 esac
@@ -2324,7 +2354,7 @@
 
 usage()
 {
-	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
@@ -2350,7 +2380,7 @@
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== status script ====
-# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+# report on status of my ia64 Git tree
 
 gb=$(tput setab 2)
 rb=$(tput setab 1)
@@ -2406,7 +2436,7 @@
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
-cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
 
 However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
@@ -2448,8 +2478,8 @@
 Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
-"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
+`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b mywork origin
@@ -2461,7 +2491,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
-sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+sequence of patches on top of `origin`:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O <-- origin
@@ -2470,7 +2500,7 @@
 ................................................
 
 Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
-"origin" has advanced:
+`origin` has advanced:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
@@ -2478,7 +2508,7 @@
          a--b--c <-- mywork
 ................................................
 
-At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+At this point, you could use `pull` to merge your changes back in;
 the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
 
 ................................................
@@ -2497,7 +2527,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
-them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+them as patches (in a directory named `.git/rebase-apply`), update mywork to
 point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
 patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
 
@@ -2517,7 +2547,7 @@
 $ git rebase --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
 
 At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
 return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
@@ -2526,6 +2556,12 @@
 $ git rebase --abort
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
 Rewriting a single commit
 -------------------------
@@ -2539,72 +2575,89 @@
 
 which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
 changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
 
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
-with
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
-
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
-
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
--------------------------------------------------
-
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
-then clean up with
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
 [[reordering-patch-series]]
 Reordering or selecting from a patch series
 -------------------------------------------
 
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
-
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git format-patch origin
 $ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git am *.patch
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
+
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
+
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
+
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list.  Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help.  When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.  If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`.  Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
 Other tools
@@ -2651,7 +2704,7 @@
 the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
 two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
 in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
-in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
 new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
 new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
 
@@ -2724,7 +2777,7 @@
 Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
 and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
 
-Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when
 working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
 linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
@@ -2745,10 +2798,10 @@
 $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
-repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
-to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
-store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+The first argument, `origin`, just tells Git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells Git
+to fetch the branch named `todo` from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name `refs/heads/my-todo-work`.
 
 You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 
@@ -2756,8 +2809,8 @@
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
-branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+will create a new branch named `example-master` and store in it the
+branch named `master` from the repository at the given URL.  If you
 already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
 master branch.  In more detail:
@@ -2766,7 +2819,7 @@
 git fetch and fast-forwards
 ---------------------------
 
-In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
 branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
 branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
@@ -2792,11 +2845,11 @@
             o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
 ................................................
 
-In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+In this case, `git fetch` will fail, and print out a warning.
 
-In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as
 described in the following section.  However, note that in the
-situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled `a` and `b`,
 unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
@@ -2811,7 +2864,7 @@
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the `-f`
 flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2825,9 +2878,9 @@
 Configuring remote-tracking branches
 ------------------------------------
 
-We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
-stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using
 linkgit:git-config[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2843,48 +2896,34 @@
 
 If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
 create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
-after
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+[remote "example"]
+	url = git://example.com/proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Even better, if you add one more option:
+Also note that the above configuration can be performed by directly
+editing the file `.git/config` instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+After configuring the remote, the following three commands will do the
+same thing:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-then the following commands will all do the same thing:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
+$ git fetch example +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 $ git fetch example
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
-throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
-
-Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
-directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
-linkgit:git-config[1].
-
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
-options mentioned above.
+options mentioned above and linkgit:git-fetch[1] for more details on
+the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
@@ -2893,7 +2932,7 @@
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
-git much more intuitive if you do.
+Git much more intuitive if you do.
 
 We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
@@ -2948,7 +2987,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
-of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
 linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
 commit:
 
@@ -2987,10 +3026,10 @@
 Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
 actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
 of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
-its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+its parents.  In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames
 explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
 file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
--M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+`-M` option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
 
 A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
 commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
@@ -3026,14 +3065,14 @@
 and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
 contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
 contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
-are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+are identical.  This allows Git to quickly determine the differences
 between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
 identical object names.
 
 (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
 entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
 
-Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
@@ -3041,7 +3080,7 @@
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
-for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git show 6ff87c4664
@@ -3094,7 +3133,7 @@
 of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
 like GPG/PGP.
 
-To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
 Tag Object
@@ -3124,14 +3163,14 @@
 See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
 objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
-references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
-object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
 
 Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
 lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
@@ -3145,26 +3184,24 @@
 individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
 those "loose" objects.
 
-You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in
 to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
 compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
-found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
+found in link:technical/pack-format.html[pack format].
 
 To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git repack
-Generating pack...
-Done counting 6020 objects.
-Deltifying 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Writing 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
-Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
+Counting objects: 6020, done.
+Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
+Compressing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Writing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Total 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can then run
+This creates a single "pack file" in .git/objects/pack/
+containing all currently unpacked objects.  You can then run
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git prune
@@ -3172,9 +3209,9 @@
 
 to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
 pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
-created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+created when, for example, you use `git reset` to remove a commit).
 You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
-.git/objects directory or by running
+`.git/objects` directory or by running
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git count-objects
@@ -3201,7 +3238,7 @@
 pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
 
 There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
-example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a `git add` of a
 file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
 bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
 that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
@@ -3244,14 +3281,14 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
-what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+what the `ls` for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
 of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
 
 Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
 almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
 will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
 have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
-because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+because you interrupted a `git fetch` with ^C or something like that,
 leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
 dangling and useless.
 
@@ -3262,28 +3299,22 @@
 $ git prune
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+and they'll be gone. (You should only run `git prune` on a quiescent
 repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
 don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
-
-(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
-`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
-on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
-Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
-confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
-contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
-repository is a *BAD* idea).
+`git prune` is designed not to cause any harm in such cases of concurrent
+accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.)
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
 Recovering from repository corruption
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
-the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
 operating system errors could corrupt data.
 
 The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
-git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
 mechanism.
 
 As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
@@ -3309,7 +3340,7 @@
 Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
 points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
 object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
-.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+`.git/objects/4b/9458b3...` and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
 still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
 which might output something like:
 
@@ -3324,10 +3355,10 @@
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
-"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
-say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+`myfile`.  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in `somedirectory`.  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
 the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
-"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+`somedirectory/myfile`; you can test whether that's right with
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -3382,21 +3413,21 @@
 
 and your repository is good again!
 
-(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+(Btw, you could have ignored the `fsck`, and started with doing a
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --raw --all
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
 The index
 -----------
 
-The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
 object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
 
@@ -3431,7 +3462,7 @@
 the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
 stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
 quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
-stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the
 data from such files to look for changes.
 
 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
@@ -3495,7 +3526,7 @@
 manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
 all.
 
-To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
+To see how submodule support works, create four example
 repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -3536,7 +3567,7 @@
 
 The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
 
-- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+- It clones the submodule from `<repo>` to the given `<path>` under the
   current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
 - It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
   adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
@@ -3597,7 +3628,7 @@
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from d266b98)
   master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3662,13 +3693,13 @@
 Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
 files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
-the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both `git status` and `git diff`
 in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
-modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
-diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
-output or used with the --submodule option:
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. `git
+diff` will also add a `-dirty` to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the `--submodule` option:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git diff
@@ -3704,15 +3735,17 @@
 
 NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
 
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level git operations
+Low-level Git operations
 ========================
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
-scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
-be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
@@ -3743,7 +3776,7 @@
 provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
 individually.
 
-Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations
 work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
 index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
 the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
@@ -3766,7 +3799,7 @@
 will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
 i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
 
-To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
 longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
 should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
 
@@ -3842,7 +3875,7 @@
 
 NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
 if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
-need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+need to use the `-f` flag ('before' the `-a` flag or the filename) to
 'force' the checkout.
 
 
@@ -3853,7 +3886,7 @@
 Tying it all together
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
 behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
 history.
@@ -3865,7 +3898,7 @@
 previous states represented by other commits.
 
 In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
-of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
+of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in time,
 and explains how we got there.
 
 You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
@@ -3880,13 +3913,12 @@
 
 `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
 that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
-you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you
 save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
 result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
 what the last committed state was.
 
-Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
-various pieces fit together.
+Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together:
 
 ------------
 
@@ -3965,27 +3997,26 @@
 Merging multiple trees
 ----------------------
 
-Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
-repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
-"commit" the state.  The normal situation is that you'd only do one
-three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
-can do multiple parents in one go.
+Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be
+used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several
+times.  The usual situation is that you only do one three-way merge
+(reconciling two lines of history) and commit the result, but if
+you like to, you can merge several branches in one go.
 
-To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
-that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
-third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
-state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
+To perform a three-way merge, you start with the two commits you
+want to merge, find their closest common parent (a third commit),
+and compare the trees corresponding to these three commits.
 
-To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
-of two commits with
+To get the "base" for the merge, look up the common parent of two
+commits:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-which will return you the commit they are both based on.  You should
-now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
-do with (for example)
+This prints the name of a commit they are both based on. You should
+now look up the tree objects of those commits, which you can easily
+do with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
@@ -4037,7 +4068,7 @@
 
 Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
 the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
-filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
+filename.  The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it
 came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to
 the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree.
 
@@ -4049,7 +4080,7 @@
 above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
 `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
 You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
-program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on
 the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -4061,7 +4092,7 @@
 
 This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
 with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
-the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final
 merge result for this file is by:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -4070,11 +4101,11 @@
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
-that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.
 
-The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level,
 to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
-In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
 for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
 stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
 
@@ -4085,11 +4116,11 @@
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking git
+Hacking Git
 ===========
 
-This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
-probably only git developers need to understand.
+This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
+probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
 Object storage format
@@ -4107,15 +4138,14 @@
 that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
 plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
 for 'file'.
-(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
-was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
 
 As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
 independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
 be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
 file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
-forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
-size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+forms a sequence of
+`<ascii type without space> + <space> + <ascii decimal size> +
+<byte\0> + <binary object data>`.
 
 The structured objects can further have their structure and
 connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
@@ -4137,7 +4167,7 @@
 $ git checkout e83c5163
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
-The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
 today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
 
 Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
@@ -4216,15 +4246,16 @@
 Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
 command `git`.  The source side of a builtin is
 
-- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
-  and declared in `builtin.h`,
+- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin/<bla.c>`
+  (note that older versions of Git used to have it in `builtin-<bla>.c`
+  instead), and declared in `builtin.h`.
 
 - an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
 
 - an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
 
 Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file.  For
-example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
+example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin/log.c`,
 since they share quite a bit of code.  In that case, the commands which are
 _not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
 `BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
@@ -4247,10 +4278,10 @@
 - is plumbing, and
 
 - was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
-  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
+  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin/cat-file.c`
   when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
 
-So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
+So, look into `builtin/cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
 it does.
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4291,7 +4322,7 @@
 This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
 object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
 works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
-read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read
 the source.
 
 To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
@@ -4326,7 +4357,7 @@
 builtin:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
+$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin/*.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
@@ -4472,7 +4503,7 @@
 Making changes
 --------------
 
-Make sure git knows who to blame:
+Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
@@ -4522,7 +4553,7 @@
 $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
 -----------------------------------------------
 
-Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the
 current branch:
 
 -----------------------------------------------
@@ -4583,7 +4614,7 @@
 
 - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
   intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
-  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  any special knowledge of Git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
   should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
 - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
   they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
@@ -4594,10 +4625,10 @@
 allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
 everything in between.
 
-Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+Scan `Documentation/` for other stuff left out; in particular:
 
 - howto's
-- some of technical/?
+- some of `technical/`?
 - hooks
 - list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
 
@@ -4628,5 +4659,5 @@
 Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
 
 More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 4fae90f..ccec5ef 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.8.0.3
+DEF_VER=v1.8.5.4
 
 LF='
 '
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 if test -f version
 then
 	VN=$(cat version) || VN="$DEF_VER"
-elif test -d .git -o -f .git &&
+elif test -d ${GIT_DIR:-.git} -o -f .git &&
 	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=7 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
 	case "$VN" in
 	*$LF*) (exit 1) ;;
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 28f34bd..ba01e74 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
 	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
 
-	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 	  (PPC_SHA1).
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@
 	  use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 	  automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 
-	- Python version 2.6 or later is needed to use the git-p4
-	  interface to Perforce.
+	- Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
+	  supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
+	  to Perforce.
 
  - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
    but depending on your specific installation, you may not
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 6b73c14..af847f8 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
 # Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H if you have an old version of expat (e.g.,
+# 1.1 or 1.2) that provides xmlparse.h instead of expat.h.
+#
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
 # A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation,
 # plus libintl-perl at runtime.
@@ -74,10 +77,14 @@
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (Cygwin 1.5, fixed in Cygwin 1.7).
 #
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h and need it for strcasecmp.
+#
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 #
+# Define NO_GETPAGESIZE if you don't have getpagesize.
+#
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have both strtoimax and strtoumax in the
@@ -94,13 +101,14 @@
 #
 # Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
-#
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
 # FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
 #
+# Define NO_WILDMATCH if you do not want to use Git's wildmatch
+# implementation as fnmatch
+#
 # Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
 # in the C library.
 #
@@ -129,6 +137,10 @@
 # specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
 # library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
 #
+# Define NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X
+# and do not want to use Apple's CommonCrypto library.  This allows you
+# to provide your own OpenSSL library, for example from MacPorts.
+#
 # Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable to make use of the bundled
 # optimized C SHA1 routine.
 #
@@ -165,6 +177,10 @@
 # Define NO_POLL if you do not have or don't want to use poll().
 # This also implies NO_SYS_POLL_H.
 #
+# Define NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H if you need to include sys/param.h to compile,
+# *PLEASE* REPORT to git@vger.kernel.org if your platform needs this;
+# we want to know more about the issue.
+#
 # Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
 #
 # Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
@@ -233,11 +249,16 @@
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
 # will work.
 #
+# Define PERL_PATH to the path of your Perl binary (usually /usr/bin/perl).
+#
 # Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
 # MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
 #
 # Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
 #
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to the path of your Python binary (often /usr/bin/python
+# but /usr/bin/python2.7 on some platforms).
+#
 # Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
@@ -326,19 +347,6 @@
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-
-ifdef MSVC
-	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
-	uname_S := Windows
-	uname_O := Windows
-endif
-
 # CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
@@ -350,33 +358,39 @@
 # Among the variables below, these:
 #   gitexecdir
 #   template_dir
-#   mandir
-#   infodir
-#   htmldir
 #   sysconfdir
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# Additionally, the following will be treated as relative by "git" if they
+# begin with "$(prefix)/":
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
 # This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
 
 prefix = $(HOME)
 bindir_relative = bin
 bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
-mandir = share/man
-infodir = share/info
+mandir = $(prefix)/share/man
+infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
 gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
 mergetoolsdir = $(gitexecdir)/mergetools
 sharedir = $(prefix)/share
 gitwebdir = $(sharedir)/gitweb
 localedir = $(sharedir)/locale
 template_dir = share/git-core/templates
-htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+htmldir = $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
 ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 lib = lib
-# DESTDIR=
+# DESTDIR =
 pathsep = :
 
+mandir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(mandir))
+infodir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(infodir))
+htmldir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(htmldir))
+
 export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir gitwebdir localedir
 
 CC = cc
@@ -446,7 +460,7 @@
 SCRIPT_SH += git-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-quiltimport.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-repack.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-remote-testgit.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-request-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-stash.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-submodule.sh
@@ -470,12 +484,46 @@
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
 
-SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testgit.py
 SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-p4.py
 
-SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+NO_INSTALL += git-remote-testgit
+
+# Generated files for scripts
+SCRIPT_SH_GEN = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH))
+SCRIPT_PERL_GEN = $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN = $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON))
+
+SCRIPT_SH_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PERL_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN))
+
+# Individual rules to allow e.g.
+# "make -C ../.. SCRIPT_PERL=contrib/foo/bar.perl build-perl-script"
+# from subdirectories like contrib/*/
+.PHONY: build-perl-script build-sh-script build-python-script
+build-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+build-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+build-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+.PHONY: install-perl-script install-sh-script install-python-script
+install-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+
+.PHONY: clean-perl-script clean-sh-script clean-python-script
+clean-sh-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+clean-perl-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+clean-python-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+SCRIPTS = $(SCRIPT_SH_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS) \
 	  git-instaweb
 
 ETAGS_TARGET = TAGS
@@ -495,6 +543,7 @@
 PROGRAM_OBJS += shell.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += show-index.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += upload-pack.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += remote-testsvn.o
 
 # Binary suffix, set to .exe for Windows builds
 X =
@@ -514,6 +563,8 @@
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mktemp
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-prio-queue
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-read-cache
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-regex
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-revision-walking
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
@@ -523,6 +574,8 @@
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-list
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-urlmatch-normalization
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-wildmatch
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
@@ -574,25 +627,9 @@
 export PERL_PATH
 export PYTHON_PATH
 
-LIB_FILE=libgit.a
-XDIFF_LIB=xdiff/lib.a
-VCSSVN_LIB=vcs-svn/lib.a
-
-LIB_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xutils.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xemit.h
-
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
-LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
+LIB_FILE = libgit.a
+XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
+VCSSVN_LIB = vcs-svn/lib.a
 
 GENERATED_H += common-cmds.h
 
@@ -612,7 +649,6 @@
 LIB_H += column.h
 LIB_H += commit.h
 LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
-LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
 LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
 LIB_H += compat/obstack.h
 LIB_H += compat/poll/poll.h
@@ -644,23 +680,27 @@
 LIB_H += http.h
 LIB_H += kwset.h
 LIB_H += levenshtein.h
+LIB_H += line-log.h
+LIB_H += line-range.h
 LIB_H += list-objects.h
 LIB_H += ll-merge.h
 LIB_H += log-tree.h
 LIB_H += mailmap.h
-LIB_H += merge-file.h
+LIB_H += merge-blobs.h
 LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
 LIB_H += mergesort.h
 LIB_H += notes-cache.h
 LIB_H += notes-merge.h
+LIB_H += notes-utils.h
 LIB_H += notes.h
 LIB_H += object.h
-LIB_H += pack-refs.h
 LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
 LIB_H += pack.h
 LIB_H += parse-options.h
 LIB_H += patch-ids.h
+LIB_H += pathspec.h
 LIB_H += pkt-line.h
+LIB_H += prio-queue.h
 LIB_H += progress.h
 LIB_H += prompt.h
 LIB_H += quote.h
@@ -691,13 +731,28 @@
 LIB_H += tree.h
 LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
 LIB_H += url.h
+LIB_H += urlmatch.h
 LIB_H += userdiff.h
 LIB_H += utf8.h
 LIB_H += varint.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
+LIB_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
 LIB_H += walker.h
+LIB_H += wildmatch.h
 LIB_H += wt-status.h
 LIB_H += xdiff-interface.h
 LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xemit.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
+LIB_H += xdiff/xutils.h
 
 LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
 LIB_OBJS += advice.o
@@ -745,6 +800,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += entry.o
 LIB_OBJS += environment.o
 LIB_OBJS += exec_cmd.o
+LIB_OBJS += fetch-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += fsck.o
 LIB_OBJS += gettext.o
 LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
@@ -756,22 +812,25 @@
 LIB_OBJS += ident.o
 LIB_OBJS += kwset.o
 LIB_OBJS += levenshtein.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-log.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-range.o
 LIB_OBJS += list-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += ll-merge.o
 LIB_OBJS += lockfile.o
 LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
-LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-blobs.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
 LIB_OBJS += mergesort.o
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-cache.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes-utils.o
 LIB_OBJS += object.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
-LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-revindex.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pager.o
@@ -780,9 +839,11 @@
 LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
 LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pathspec.o
 LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
 LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
+LIB_OBJS += prio-queue.o
 LIB_OBJS += progress.o
 LIB_OBJS += prompt.o
 LIB_OBJS += quote.o
@@ -796,6 +857,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
 LIB_OBJS += revision.o
 LIB_OBJS += run-command.o
+LIB_OBJS += send-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += server-info.o
 LIB_OBJS += setup.o
@@ -820,12 +882,14 @@
 LIB_OBJS += tree-walk.o
 LIB_OBJS += unpack-trees.o
 LIB_OBJS += url.o
+LIB_OBJS += urlmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += usage.o
 LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
 LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
 LIB_OBJS += varint.o
 LIB_OBJS += version.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
 LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
@@ -843,6 +907,8 @@
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/bundle.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/cat-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ignore.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-mailmap.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ref-format.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout-index.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout.o
@@ -902,6 +968,7 @@
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-ext.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-fd.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/repack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/replace.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/rerere.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reset.o
@@ -933,513 +1000,7 @@
 
 GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
 
-#
-# Platform specific tweaks
-#
-
-# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
-# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
-# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
-
-ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
-	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
-	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
-	SOCKLEN_T = int
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
-	CC = cc
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
-		CFLAGS = -O2
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
-		CC = cc
-		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	endif
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
-		SOCKLEN_T = int
-		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
-		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
-	TAR = gtar
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
-		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	# There are conflicting reports about this.
-	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
-	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	X = .exe
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
-		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	endif
-	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
-		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	endif
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
-	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
-		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
-	else
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
-		INLINE=''
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
-	# GNU/Hurd
-	NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
-	INLINE = __inline
-	NO_IPV6=YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
-		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
-		INLINE =
-		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
-		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
-	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
-	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
-
-	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
-	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
-	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	lib =
-ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
-	AR += -LTCG
-else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
-endif
-	X = .exe
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
-	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_RESOLV =
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL =
-	NO_EXPAT =
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
-	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
-	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
-	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
-	CC = cc -c99
-	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
-	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
-	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
-	CFLAGS = -g -O0
-	# We'd want it to be here.
-	prefix = /usr/local
-	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
-	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
-	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
-
-	# As detected by './configure'.
-	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
-	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	# Added manually, see above.
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
-	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
-
-	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
-	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
-	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
-	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
-	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
-	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
-	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
-endif
-ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_POLL = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/dirent.o
-	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	X = .exe
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
-	htmldir=doc/git/html/
-	prefix =
-	INSTALL = /bin/install
-	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
-	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-else
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-endif
-endif
-
+include config.mak.uname
 -include config.mak.autogen
 -include config.mak
 
@@ -1462,7 +1023,8 @@
 
 ifeq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),auto)
 dep_check = $(shell $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) \
-	-c -MF /dev/null -MMD -MP -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
+	-c -MF /dev/null -MQ /dev/null -MMD -MP \
+	-x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
 	echo $$?)
 ifeq ($(dep_check),0)
 override COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = yes
@@ -1509,6 +1071,11 @@
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
 		endif
 	endif
+	ifndef NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+		APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DAPPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	endif
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 endif
 
@@ -1550,7 +1117,7 @@
 		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
 	endif
 	ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL +=	-lssl
+		CURL_LIBCURL += -lssl
 		ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
 			CURL_LIBCURL += -lcrypto
 		endif
@@ -1577,6 +1144,9 @@
 		else
 			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
 		endif
+		ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -DEXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+		endif
 	endif
 endif
 
@@ -1610,6 +1180,9 @@
 else
 	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto
 endif
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO += -framework Security -framework CoreFoundation
+endif
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	ifdef ICONVDIR
@@ -1646,6 +1219,9 @@
 ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 endif
+ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+endif
 ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 endif
@@ -1699,10 +1275,6 @@
 ifdef NO_STRTOULL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
 endif
-ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
-endif
 ifdef NO_FNMATCH
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
@@ -1714,6 +1286,9 @@
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
 endif
 endif
+ifndef NO_WILDMATCH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DUSE_WILDMATCH
+endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1739,6 +1314,9 @@
 ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+endif
 ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
 endif
@@ -1759,7 +1337,7 @@
 endif
 ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
-	NO_SETITIMER=YesPlease
+	NO_SETITIMER = YesPlease
 endif
 ifdef NO_SETITIMER
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETITIMER
@@ -1835,10 +1413,16 @@
 	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
 	LIB_H += ppc/sha1.h
 else
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCOMMON_DIGEST_FOR_OPENSSL
+	SHA1_HEADER = <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
+else
 	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
 	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 endif
@@ -1850,6 +1434,9 @@
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETPAGESIZE
+endif
 ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
@@ -1875,6 +1462,10 @@
 	EXTLIBS += $(CHARSET_LIB)
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRINGS_H
+endif
+
 ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_DEV_TTY
 endif
@@ -1908,15 +1499,15 @@
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
-NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
+NO_TCLTK = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PERL_PATH),)
-NO_PERL=NoThanks
+NO_PERL = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PYTHON_PATH),)
-NO_PYTHON=NoThanks
+NO_PYTHON = NoThanks
 endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
@@ -1940,6 +1531,7 @@
 	QUIET_MSGFMT   = @echo '   ' MSGFMT $@;
 	QUIET_GCOV     = @echo '   ' GCOV $@;
 	QUIET_SP       = @echo '   ' SP $<;
+	QUIET_RC       = @echo '   ' RC $@;
 	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
 	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
 			 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
@@ -1963,13 +1555,13 @@
 ifeq ("$(PROFILE)","GEN")
 	CFLAGS += -fprofile-generate=$(PROFILE_DIR) -DNO_NORETURN=1
 	EXTLIBS += -lgcov
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 else
 ifneq ("$(PROFILE)","")
 	CFLAGS += -fprofile-use=$(PROFILE_DIR) -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -1982,12 +1574,12 @@
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
-mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
-infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+mandir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir_relative))
+infodir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir_relative))
 localedir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(localedir))
 gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
 template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
-htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+htmldir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir_relative))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
 gitwebdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitwebdir))
 
@@ -2071,9 +1663,6 @@
 ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' localedir='$(localedir_SQ)' all
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git_remote_helpers $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
-endif
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)templates $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
 
 please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
@@ -2082,7 +1671,7 @@
 shell_compatibility_test: please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
 
 strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
+	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $^
 
 ### Target-specific flags and dependencies
 
@@ -2119,9 +1708,9 @@
 
 git.sp git.s git.o: GIT-PREFIX
 git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 git$X: git.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
@@ -2131,9 +1720,9 @@
 
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 version.sp version.s version.o: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-USER-AGENT
 version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
@@ -2142,9 +1731,9 @@
 
 $(BUILT_INS): git$X
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
-	ln git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	ln -s git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	cp git$X $@
+	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp $< $@
 
 common-cmds.h: ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
 
@@ -2171,7 +1760,7 @@
 GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
             fi
 
@@ -2185,6 +1774,11 @@
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_RC)$(RC) \
+	  $(join -DMAJOR= -DMINOR= -DPATCH=, $(wordlist 1,3,$(subst -, ,$(subst ., ,$(GIT_VERSION))))) \
+	  -DGIT_VERSION="\\\"$(GIT_VERSION)\\\"" $< -o $@
+
 ifndef NO_PERL
 $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
 
@@ -2209,7 +1803,7 @@
 	    -e '	x' \
 	    -e '}' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $@.perl >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
@@ -2233,20 +1827,15 @@
 endif # NO_PERL
 
 ifndef NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : %.py
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
-		--no-print-directory prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' \
-		instlibdir` && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*python|#!$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's|\(os\.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB"\)[^)]*)|\1,"@@INSTLIBDIR@@")|' \
-	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
-	    $@.py >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PYTHON=$(NO_PYTHON)|g' \
@@ -2255,16 +1844,24 @@
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PYTHON
 
+CONFIGURE_RECIPE = $(RM) configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+			configure.ac >configure.ac+ && \
+		   autoconf -o configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   $(RM) configure.ac+
+
 configure: configure.ac GIT-VERSION-FILE
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $< > $<+ && \
-	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
-	$(RM) $<+
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE)
 
 ifdef AUTOCONFIGURED
-config.status: configure
-	$(QUIET_GEN)if test -f config.status; then \
+# We avoid depending on 'configure' here, because it gets rebuilt
+# every time GIT-VERSION-FILE is modified, only to update the embedded
+# version number string, which config.status does not care about.  We
+# do want to recheck when the platform/environment detection logic
+# changes, hence this depends on configure.ac.
+config.status: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE) && \
+	if test -f config.status; then \
 	  ./config.status --recheck; \
 	else \
 	  ./configure; \
@@ -2307,7 +1904,7 @@
 
 missing_dep_dirs := $(filter-out $(wildcard $(dep_dirs)),$(dep_dirs))
 dep_file = $(dir $@).depend/$(notdir $@).d
-dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MMD -MP
+dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MQ $@ -MMD -MP
 ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 $(error cannot compute header dependencies outside a normal build. \
 Please unset CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
@@ -2421,6 +2018,9 @@
 gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DGIT_LOCALE_PATH='"$(localedir_SQ)"'
 
+http-push.sp http.sp http-walker.sp remote-curl.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += \
+	-DCURL_DISABLE_TYPECHECK
+
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
 http-walker.sp http-walker.s http-walker.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DNO_EXPAT
 endif
@@ -2433,6 +2033,7 @@
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
 compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DNDEBUG -DOVERRIDE_STRDUP -DREPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR
+compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += -Wno-non-pointer-null
 endif
 
 git-%$X: %.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
@@ -2449,6 +2050,10 @@
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
+git-remote-testsvn$X: remote-testsvn.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_LIB)
+
 $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
 	$(QUIET_LNCP)$(RM) $@ && \
 	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
@@ -2460,13 +2065,13 @@
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
 $(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(VCSSVN_LIB): $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 export DEFAULT_EDITOR DEFAULT_PAGER
 
@@ -2548,7 +2153,7 @@
 GIT-PREFIX: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_PREFIX)'; \
 	if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-PREFIX 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-PREFIX; \
 	fi
 
@@ -2557,7 +2162,7 @@
 GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new build flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2566,7 +2171,7 @@
 GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_LDFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new link flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new link flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-LDFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2584,6 +2189,9 @@
 	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_UNIX_SOCKETS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)))'\' >>$@
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+	@echo TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)))'\' >>$@
+endif
 ifdef GIT_TEST_OPTS
 	@echo GIT_TEST_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
@@ -2608,14 +2216,14 @@
 	@echo GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
 
-### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
-ifndef NO_TCLTK
-TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+### Detect Python interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+TRACK_PYTHON = $(subst ','\'',-DPYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)')
 
-GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
-	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+GIT-PYTHON-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_PYTHON)'; \
 	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new Python interpreter location"; \
 		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
             fi
 endif
@@ -2623,6 +2231,7 @@
 test_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,bin-wrappers/%,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X) $(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
 all:: $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(test_bindir_programs)
+all:: $(NO_INSTALL)
 
 bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
@@ -2687,9 +2296,6 @@
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-remove-dashes:
-	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
-
 ### Installation rules
 
 ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
@@ -2734,9 +2340,6 @@
 	$(MAKE) -C perl prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb install
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
-endif
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git install
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' install
@@ -2814,7 +2417,7 @@
 	sed -e 's/@@VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' < $< > $@+
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-GIT_TARNAME=git-$(GIT_VERSION)
+GIT_TARNAME = git-$(GIT_VERSION)
 dist: git.spec git-archive$(X) configure
 	./git-archive --format=tar \
 		--prefix=$(GIT_TARNAME)/ HEAD^{tree} > $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
@@ -2868,13 +2471,12 @@
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 
-clean: profile-clean
-	$(RM) *.o block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
+clean: profile-clean coverage-clean
+	$(RM) *.o *.res block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
 		builtin/*.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
-	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
-	$(RM) -r $(dep_dirs)
+	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(NO_INSTALL)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers $(dep_dirs)
 	$(RM) -r po/build/
 	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h $(ETAGS_TARGET) tags cscope*
 	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
@@ -2885,17 +2487,14 @@
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb clean
 	$(MAKE) -C perl clean
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers clean
-endif
 	$(MAKE) -C templates/ clean
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
 endif
-	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
-	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 
 .PHONY: all install profile-clean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
@@ -2950,29 +2549,34 @@
 
 ### Test suite coverage testing
 #
-.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-build coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-compile coverage-test coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage-clean-results
 
 coverage:
-	$(MAKE) coverage-build
-	$(MAKE) coverage-report
+	$(MAKE) coverage-test
+	$(MAKE) coverage-untested-functions
 
 object_dirs := $(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS)))
-coverage-clean:
+coverage-clean-results:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcov,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(object_dirs))
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) coverage-untested-functions
 	$(RM) -r cover_db/
 	$(RM) -r cover_db_html/
 
+coverage-clean: coverage-clean-results
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
+
 COVERAGE_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O0 -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
 COVERAGE_LDFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)  -O0 -lgcov
 GCOVFLAGS = --preserve-paths --branch-probabilities --all-blocks
 
-coverage-build: coverage-clean
+coverage-compile:
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" all
+
+coverage-test: coverage-clean-results coverage-compile
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" \
-		-j1 test
+		DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=test -j1 test
 
 coverage-report:
 	$(QUIET_GCOV)for dir in $(object_dirs); do \
diff --git a/README b/README
index 49713ea..15a8e23 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+	Git - the stupid content tracker
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -47,11 +47,10 @@
 Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission).
 To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
 the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
-available at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival
-sites.
+available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
+http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
 
-The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
-git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
-the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
-reference for project status, development direction and
-remaining tasks.
+The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
+list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
+list.  The discussion following them give a good reference for
+project status, development direction and remaining tasks.
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index afcfb70..f4ebd65 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index 05f2d79..e390994 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -15,16 +15,34 @@
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * Use this to get the real path, i.e. resolve links. If you want an
- * absolute path but don't mind links, use absolute_path.
+ * Return the real path (i.e., absolute path, with symlinks resolved
+ * and extra slashes removed) equivalent to the specified path.  (If
+ * you want an absolute path but don't mind links, use
+ * absolute_path().)  The return value is a pointer to a static
+ * buffer.
+ *
+ * The input and all intermediate paths must be shorter than MAX_PATH.
+ * The directory part of path (i.e., everything up to the last
+ * dir_sep) must denote a valid, existing directory, but the last
+ * component need not exist.  If die_on_error is set, then die with an
+ * informative error message if there is a problem.  Otherwise, return
+ * NULL on errors (without generating any output).
  *
  * If path is our buffer, then return path, as it's already what the
  * user wants.
  */
-const char *real_path(const char *path)
+static const char *real_path_internal(const char *path, int die_on_error)
 {
 	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
+	char *retval = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have to temporarily chdir(), store the original CWD
+	 * here so that we can chdir() back to it at the end of the
+	 * function:
+	 */
 	char cwd[1024] = "";
+
 	int buf_index = 1;
 
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
@@ -35,11 +53,19 @@
 	if (path == buf || path == next_buf)
 		return path;
 
-	if (!*path)
-		die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+	if (!*path) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
 
-	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
 
 	while (depth--) {
 		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
@@ -54,21 +80,37 @@
 		}
 
 		if (*buf) {
-			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd))) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 
-			if (chdir(buf))
-				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+			if (chdir(buf)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 		}
-		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
-			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX)) {
+			if (die_on_error)
+				die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+			else
+				goto error_out;
+		}
 
 		if (last_elem) {
 			size_t len = strlen(buf);
-			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
-				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
-						buf, last_elem);
-			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len-1]))
+			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
+					    buf, last_elem);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len - 1]))
 				buf[len++] = '/';
 			strcpy(buf + len, last_elem);
 			free(last_elem);
@@ -77,10 +119,18 @@
 
 		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
-			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
-				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			if (PATH_MAX <= len) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 			next_buf[len] = '\0';
 			buf = next_buf;
 			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
@@ -89,10 +139,23 @@
 			break;
 	}
 
+	retval = buf;
+error_out:
+	free(last_elem);
 	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
 		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
 
-	return buf;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+const char *real_path(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 1);
+}
+
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 0);
 }
 
 static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
@@ -138,7 +201,7 @@
 		if (!cwd)
 			die_errno("Cannot determine the current working directory");
 		len = strlen(cwd);
-		fmt = (len > 0 && is_dir_sep(cwd[len-1])) ? "%s%s" : "%s/%s";
+		fmt = (len > 0 && is_dir_sep(cwd[len - 1])) ? "%s%s" : "%s/%s";
 		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, fmt, cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
 			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
 	}
@@ -153,7 +216,7 @@
 const char *prefix_filename(const char *pfx, int pfx_len, const char *arg)
 {
 	static char path[PATH_MAX];
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	if (!pfx_len || is_absolute_path(arg))
 		return arg;
 	memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index edfbd4a..3eca9f5 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -1,28 +1,45 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_push_update_rejected = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_default = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
+int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
+int advice_set_upstream_failure = 1;
+int advice_object_name_warning = 1;
+int advice_rm_hints = 1;
 
 static struct {
 	const char *name;
 	int *preference;
 } advice_config[] = {
-	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "pushupdaterejected", &advice_push_update_rejected },
 	{ "pushnonffcurrent", &advice_push_non_ff_current },
 	{ "pushnonffdefault", &advice_push_non_ff_default },
 	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
+	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "statusuoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedhead", &advice_detached_head },
+	{ "setupstreamfailure", &advice_set_upstream_failure },
+	{ "objectnamewarning", &advice_object_name_warning },
+	{ "rmhints", &advice_rm_hints },
+
+	/* make this an alias for backward compatibility */
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_update_rejected }
 };
 
 void advise(const char *advice, ...)
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index f3cdbbf..08fbc8e 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -3,17 +3,25 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 
-extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_push_update_rejected;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_default;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
+extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
+extern int advice_set_upstream_failure;
+extern int advice_object_name_warning;
+extern int advice_rm_hints;
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 void advise(const char *advice, ...);
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
 extern void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
index eb9f08b..9938f03 100644
--- a/alias.c
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 static int alias_lookup_cb(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "alias.") && !strcmp(k+6, alias_key)) {
+	if (!prefixcmp(k, "alias.") && !strcmp(k + 6, alias_key)) {
 		if (!v)
 			return config_error_nonbool(k);
 		alias_val = xstrdup(v);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 	int src, dst, count = 0, size = 16;
 	char quoted = 0;
 
-	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * size);
+	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(**argv) * size);
 
 	/* split alias_string */
 	(*argv)[count++] = cmdline;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 			while (cmdline[++src]
 					&& isspace(cmdline[src]))
 				; /* skip */
-			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 			(*argv)[count++] = cmdline + dst;
 		} else if (!quoted && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 			quoted = c;
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
 		return -SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE;
 	}
 
-	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 	(*argv)[count] = NULL;
 
 	return count;
 }
 
-const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno) {
-	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno-1];
+const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno)
+{
+	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno - 1];
 }
diff --git a/alloc.c b/alloc.c
index aeae55c..f3ee745 100644
--- a/alloc.c
+++ b/alloc.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 }
 
 #define REPORT(name)	\
-    report(#name, name##_allocs, name##_allocs*sizeof(struct name) >> 10)
+    report(#name, name##_allocs, name##_allocs * sizeof(struct name) >> 10)
 
 void alloc_report(void)
 {
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index 0ba3f25..719b629 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@
 static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > 1 && path[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 	if (i > maxlen)
 		i = maxlen;
 	do {
@@ -325,20 +327,12 @@
 static int tar_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct archiver *ar;
-	const char *dot;
 	const char *name;
 	const char *type;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "tar."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "tar", &name, &namelen, &type) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 9)
-		return 0;
-
-	name = var + 4;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	type = dot + 1;
 
 	ar = find_tar_filter(name, namelen);
 	if (!ar) {
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 55f66b4..4bde019 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -111,8 +111,9 @@
 	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
 }
 
-static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
-		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+static void *zlib_deflate_raw(void *data, unsigned long size,
+			      int compression_level,
+			      unsigned long *compressed_size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@
 	int result;
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-	git_deflate_init(&stream, compression_level);
+	git_deflate_init_raw(&stream, compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
 
@@ -231,7 +232,6 @@
 		size = 0;
 		compressed_size = 0;
 		buffer = NULL;
-		size = 0;
 	} else if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
 
@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@
 			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0 && size > 0)
 			method = 8;
-		compressed_size = size;
 
 		if (S_ISREG(mode) && type == OBJ_BLOB && !args->convert &&
 		    size > big_file_threshold) {
@@ -259,20 +258,18 @@
 			crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
 			out = buffer;
 		}
+		compressed_size = (method == 0) ? size : 0;
 	} else {
 		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
 				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
 	if (buffer && method == 8) {
-		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
-				&compressed_size);
-		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
-			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
-			/* CMF and FLG ... */
-			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
-			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
-		} else {
+		out = deflated = zlib_deflate_raw(buffer, size,
+						  args->compression_level,
+						  &compressed_size);
+		if (!out || compressed_size >= size) {
+			out = buffer;
 			method = 0;
 			compressed_size = size;
 		}
@@ -313,10 +310,7 @@
 	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
-	if (flags & ZIP_STREAM)
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, 0, 0, 0);
-	else
-		set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
 	copy_le16(header.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
@@ -356,7 +350,7 @@
 		unsigned char compressed[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE * 2];
 
 		memset(&zstream, 0, sizeof(zstream));
-		git_deflate_init(&zstream, args->compression_level);
+		git_deflate_init_raw(&zstream, args->compression_level);
 
 		compressed_size = 0;
 		zstream.next_out = compressed;
@@ -373,13 +367,10 @@
 			result = git_deflate(&zstream, 0);
 			if (result != Z_OK)
 				die("deflate error (%d)", result);
-			out = compressed;
-			if (!compressed_size)
-				out += 2;
-			out_len = zstream.next_out - out;
+			out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
 
 			if (out_len > 0) {
-				write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+				write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 				compressed_size += out_len;
 				zstream.next_out = compressed;
 				zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
@@ -397,11 +388,8 @@
 			die("deflate error (%d)", result);
 
 		git_deflate_end(&zstream);
-		out = compressed;
-		if (!compressed_size)
-			out += 2;
-		out_len = zstream.next_out - out - 4;
-		write_or_die(1, out, out_len);
+		out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+		write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
 		compressed_size += out_len;
 		zip_offset += compressed_size;
 
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 4666404..346f3b2 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
 	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
 	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
 
 	setup_archive_check(check);
@@ -130,7 +132,6 @@
 	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
 		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
@@ -150,7 +151,6 @@
 	struct archiver_context context;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc t;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int err;
 
 	if (args->baselen > 0 && args->base[args->baselen - 1] == '/') {
@@ -185,10 +185,8 @@
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_INDEX, &the_index);
 	}
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, args->pathspec);
-	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
+	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &args->pathspec,
 				  write_archive_entry, &context);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	if (err == READ_TREE_RECURSIVE)
 		err = 0;
 	return err;
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int ret;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, 0, "", paths);
 	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec, reject_entry, NULL);
 	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return ret != 0;
@@ -230,11 +228,18 @@
 static void parse_pathspec_arg(const char **pathspec,
 		struct archiver_args *ar_args)
 {
-	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * must be consistent with parse_pathspec in path_exists()
+	 * Also if pathspec patterns are dependent, we're in big
+	 * trouble as we test each one separately
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&ar_args->pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       "", pathspec);
 	if (pathspec) {
 		while (*pathspec) {
-			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
-				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
+			if (**pathspec && !path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+				die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), *pathspec);
 			pathspec++;
 		}
 	}
@@ -435,7 +440,7 @@
 	 * prefix is non-empty (k.e., we don't match .tar.gz with no actual
 	 * filename).
 	 */
-	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen-1] != '.')
+	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen - 1] != '.')
 		return 0;
 	return !strcmp(filename + prefixlen, ext);
 }
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
index 895afcd..4a791e1 100644
--- a/archive.h
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef ARCHIVE_H
 #define ARCHIVE_H
 
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
 struct archiver_args {
 	const char *base;
 	size_t baselen;
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@
 	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	time_t time;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	unsigned int verbose : 1;
 	unsigned int worktree_attributes : 1;
 	unsigned int convert : 1;
diff --git a/argv-array.c b/argv-array.c
index 256741d..9e960d5 100644
--- a/argv-array.c
+++ b/argv-array.c
@@ -68,3 +68,23 @@
 	}
 	argv_array_init(array);
 }
+
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array, int *argc)
+{
+	const char **argv =
+		array->argv == empty_argv || array->argc == 0 ? NULL : array->argv;
+	if (argc)
+		*argc = array->argc;
+	argv_array_init(array);
+	return argv;
+}
+
+void argv_array_free_detached(const char **argv)
+{
+	if (argv) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
+			free((char **)argv[i]);
+		free(argv);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
index f4b9866..85ba438 100644
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ b/argv-array.h
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@
 void argv_array_push(struct argv_array *, const char *);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
 void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
+const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array, int *argc);
+void argv_array_free_detached(const char **argv);
 
 #endif /* ARGV_ARRAY_H */
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 887a9ae..0e774c6 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -115,6 +115,13 @@
 	const char *setto;
 };
 
+struct pattern {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	int flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
+};
+
 /*
  * One rule, as from a .gitattributes file.
  *
@@ -131,7 +138,7 @@
  */
 struct match_attr {
 	union {
-		char *pattern;
+		struct pattern pat;
 		struct git_attr *attr;
 	} u;
 	char is_macro;
@@ -241,9 +248,18 @@
 	if (is_macro)
 		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
 	else {
-		res->u.pattern = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
-		memcpy(res->u.pattern, name, namelen);
-		res->u.pattern[namelen] = 0;
+		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
+		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
+		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
+				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
+				      &res->u.pat.flags,
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
+			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	res->is_macro = is_macro;
 	res->num_attr = num_attr;
@@ -270,13 +286,14 @@
  * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
  * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
  * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
- * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
  * .gitignore
  */
 
 static struct attr_stack {
 	struct attr_stack *prev;
 	char *origin;
+	size_t originlen;
 	unsigned num_matches;
 	unsigned alloc;
 	struct match_attr **attrs;
@@ -364,46 +381,13 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
-{
-	int pos, len;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
 static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *res;
 	char *buf, *sp;
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -535,6 +519,7 @@
 	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
 		elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
 		elem->origin = xstrdup("");
+		elem->originlen = 0;
 		elem->prev = attr_stack;
 		attr_stack = elem;
 		debug_push(elem);
@@ -548,18 +533,12 @@
 	attr_stack = elem;
 }
 
-static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
-	int dirlen, len;
+	int len;
 	const char *cp;
 
-	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
-	if (!cp)
-		dirlen = 0;
-	else
-		dirlen = cp - path;
-
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
 	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
@@ -628,7 +607,7 @@
 			strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
 			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
 			strbuf_setlen(&pathbuf, cp - path);
-			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
+			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, &elem->originlen);
 			elem->prev = attr_stack;
 			attr_stack = elem;
 			debug_push(elem);
@@ -645,28 +624,26 @@
 }
 
 static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
-			const char *pattern,
+			int basename_offset,
+			const struct pattern *pat,
 			const char *base, int baselen)
 {
-	if (!strchr(pattern, '/')) {
-		/* match basename */
-		const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
-		basename = basename ? basename + 1 : pathname;
-		return (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
-	 * in front of it.
-	 */
-	if (*pattern == '/')
-		pattern++;
-	if (pathlen < baselen ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
+	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
+	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
+
+	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
 		return 0;
-	if (baselen != 0)
-		baselen++;
-	return fnmatch_icase(pattern, pathname + baselen, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+
+	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
+				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
+				      pattern, prefix,
+				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
+	}
+	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
+			      base, baselen,
+			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 }
 
 static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem);
@@ -683,7 +660,7 @@
 
 		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
 			debug_set(what,
-				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pattern,
+				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
 				  attr, v);
 			*n = v;
 			rem--;
@@ -693,7 +670,8 @@
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
+		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
@@ -702,8 +680,8 @@
 		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
 		if (a->is_macro)
 			continue;
-		if (path_matches(path, pathlen,
-				 a->u.pattern, base, strlen(base)))
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
+				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
 			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
 	}
 	return rem;
@@ -740,16 +718,30 @@
 static void collect_all_attrs(const char *path)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
-	int i, pathlen, rem;
+	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
+	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
+	int basename_offset;
 
-	prepare_attr_stack(path);
+	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
+			last_slash = cp;
+	}
+	pathlen = cp - path;
+	if (last_slash) {
+		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
+		dirlen = last_slash - path;
+	} else {
+		basename_offset = 0;
+		dirlen = 0;
+	}
+
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
 		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
 
-	pathlen = strlen(path);
 	rem = attr_nr;
 	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
-		rem = fill(path, pathlen, stk, rem);
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
 }
 
 int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
diff --git a/base85.c b/base85.c
index 781b575..5ca601e 100644
--- a/base85.c
+++ b/base85.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 {
 	prep_base85();
 
-	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len/4*5, buffer);
+	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len / 4 * 5, buffer);
 	while (len) {
 		unsigned acc = 0;
 		int de, cnt = 4;
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 1aad49b..1e46a4f 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 static struct sha1_array good_revs;
 static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
 
-static const unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+static unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
 
 static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
 static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
@@ -404,7 +404,8 @@
 			int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
-		current_bad_sha1 = sha1;
+		current_bad_sha1 = xmalloc(20);
+		hashcpy(current_bad_sha1, sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "good-")) {
 		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "skip-")) {
@@ -525,9 +526,9 @@
  * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
  * for this application.
  */
-static int get_prn(int count) {
+static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count) {
 	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
-	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+	return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs->tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs->commits, revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs, NULL);
 }
 
 static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
@@ -956,3 +957,41 @@
 	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev_hex, no_checkout);
 }
 
+static inline int log2i(int n)
+{
+	int log2 = 0;
+
+	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
+		log2++;
+
+	return log2;
+}
+
+static inline int exp2i(int n)
+{
+	return 1 << n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
+ *
+ * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
+ * n - 1 steps left looks like:
+ *
+ * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
+ *
+ * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
+ */
+int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
+{
+	int n, x, e;
+
+	if (all < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	n = log2i(all);
+	e = exp2i(n);
+	x = all - e;
+
+	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
+}
diff --git a/bisect.h b/bisect.h
index ec3c3ff..2a6c831 100644
--- a/bisect.h
+++ b/bisect.h
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
 					  int *count,
 					  int *skipped_first);
 
-extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-			      const char *format_cur,
-			      const char *format_last);
-
 #define BISECT_SHOW_ALL		(1<<0)
 #define REV_LIST_QUIET		(1<<1)
 
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.c b/block-sha1/sha1.c
index a8d4bf9..e1a1eb6 100644
--- a/block-sha1/sha1.c
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.c
@@ -274,10 +274,10 @@
 	padlen[1] = htonl((uint32_t)(ctx->size << 3));
 
 	i = ctx->size & 63;
-	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1+ (63 & (55 - i)));
+	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1 + (63 & (55 - i)));
 	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, padlen, 8);
 
 	/* Output hash */
 	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-		put_be32(hashout + i*4, ctx->H[i]);
+		put_be32(hashout + i * 4, ctx->H[i]);
 }
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index 2bef1e7..9e6c68e 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 	if (remote_is_branch
 	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
 	    && !origin) {
-		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+		warning(_("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."),
 			local);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -78,25 +78,25 @@
 
 	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
 		if (remote_is_branch && origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s.\n",
-			       local, shortname, origin);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."),
+				  local, shortname, origin);
 		else if (remote_is_branch && !origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s.\n",
-			       local, shortname);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."),
+				  local, shortname);
 		else if (!remote_is_branch && origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s.\n",
-			       local, remote);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
 		else if (!remote_is_branch && !origin)
-			printf(rebasing ?
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.\n" :
-			       "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s.\n",
-			       local, remote);
+			printf_ln(rebasing ?
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.") :
+				  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."),
+				  local, remote);
 		else
 			die("BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p",
 			    remote_is_branch, origin);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 	int config_flags = quiet ? 0 : BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE;
 
 	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
-		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
+		return error(_("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"),
 				new_ref);
 
 	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 		}
 
 	if (tracking.matches > 1)
-		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
+		return error(_("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"),
 				orig_ref);
 
 	install_branch_config(config_flags, new_ref, tracking.remote,
@@ -179,12 +179,12 @@
 			    int force, int attr_only)
 {
 	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(ref, name))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name."), name);
 
 	if (!ref_exists(ref->buf))
 		return 0;
 	else if (!force && !attr_only)
-		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+		die(_("A branch named '%s' already exists."), ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
 
 	if (!attr_only) {
 		const char *head;
@@ -192,11 +192,39 @@
 
 		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
 		if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, ref->buf))
-			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+			die(_("Cannot force update the current branch."));
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_tracking_branch(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *tracking_branch = cb_data;
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.dst = tracking_branch;
+	return !remote_find_tracking(remote, &query);
+}
+
+static int validate_remote_tracking_branch(char *ref)
+{
+	return !for_each_remote(check_tracking_branch, ref);
+}
+
+static const char upstream_not_branch[] =
+N_("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch.");
+static const char upstream_missing[] =
+N_("the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist");
+static const char upstream_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push.");
+
 void create_branch(const char *head,
 		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog, int clobber_head,
@@ -224,38 +252,47 @@
 	}
 
 	real_ref = NULL;
-	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1)) {
+		if (explicit_tracking) {
+			if (advice_set_upstream_failure) {
+				error(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+				advise(_(upstream_advice));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			die(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+		}
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'."), start_name);
+	}
 
 	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
 	case 0:
 		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
 		if (explicit_tracking)
-			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+			die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real branch */
 		if (prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		    validate_remote_tracking_branch(real_ref)) {
 			if (explicit_tracking)
-				die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+				die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 			else
 				real_ref = NULL;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Ambiguous object name: '%s'."), start_name);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
-		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Not a valid branch point: '%s'."), start_name);
 	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref) {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0, NULL);
 		if (!lock)
-			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to lock ref for update"));
 	}
 
 	if (reflog)
@@ -269,11 +306,11 @@
 			 start_name);
 
 	if (real_ref && track)
-		setup_tracking(ref.buf+11, real_ref, track, quiet);
+		setup_tracking(ref.buf + 11, real_ref, track, quiet);
 
 	if (!dont_change_ref)
 		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
-			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+			die_errno(_("Failed to write ref"));
 
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	free(real_ref);
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 95116b8..b56cf07 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -5,42 +5,26 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
-#include "notes.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
 
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN 01
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE 02
+
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
 
 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts {
-	unsigned add_title:1;
+	unsigned add_title:1,
+		credit_people:1;
 	int shortlog_len;
 };
 
 extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 			 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *);
 
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
-	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	const char *cmd;
-	int enabled;
-	combine_notes_fn combine;
-	struct string_list *refs;
-	int refs_from_env;
-	int mode_from_env;
-};
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c);
-
-extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
-struct diff_options;
-extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
-
 extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
 
 extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -55,6 +39,8 @@
 extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -116,6 +102,7 @@
 extern int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_ext(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_fd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index e664100..d7e3e44 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
-	N_("git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
@@ -25,8 +26,55 @@
 struct update_callback_data {
 	int flags;
 	int add_errors;
+	const char *implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len;
+
+	/* only needed for 2.0 transition preparation */
+	int warn_add_would_remove;
 };
 
+static const char *option_with_implicit_dot;
+static const char *short_option_with_implicit_dot;
+
+static void warn_pathless_add(void)
+{
+	static int shown;
+	assert(option_with_implicit_dot && short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+
+	if (shown)
+		return;
+	shown = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+	 * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+	 * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+	 * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+	 * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+	 * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+	 * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+	 * eventually we can drop the warning.
+	 */
+	warning(_("The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+		  "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used anymore.\n"
+		  "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s :/\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "  git add %s .\n"
+		  "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+		  "\n"
+		  "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to "
+		  "the current directory.\n"
+		  ""),
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot,
+		option_with_implicit_dot, short_option_with_implicit_dot);
+}
+
 static int fix_unmerged_status(struct diff_filepair *p,
 			       struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
@@ -48,15 +96,49 @@
 		return DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 }
 
+static const char *add_would_remove_warning = N_(
+	"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n");
+
+static void warn_add_would_remove(const char *path)
+{
+	warning(_(add_would_remove_warning), path);
+}
+
 static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			    struct diff_options *opt, void *cbdata)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct update_callback_data *data = cbdata;
+	const char *implicit_dot = data->implicit_dot;
+	size_t implicit_dot_len = data->implicit_dot_len;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		const char *path = p->one->path;
+		/*
+		 * Check if "git add -A" or "git add -u" was run from a
+		 * subdirectory with a modified file outside that directory,
+		 * and warn if so.
+		 *
+		 * "git add -u" will behave like "git add -u :/" instead of
+		 * "git add -u ." in the future.  This warning prepares for
+		 * that change.
+		 */
+		if (implicit_dot &&
+		    strncmp_icase(path, implicit_dot, implicit_dot_len)) {
+			warn_pathless_add();
+			continue;
+		}
 		switch (fix_unmerged_status(p, data)) {
 		default:
 			die(_("unexpected diff status %c"), p->status);
@@ -69,6 +151,10 @@
 			}
 			break;
 		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+			if (data->warn_add_would_remove) {
+				warn_add_would_remove(path);
+				data->warn_add_would_remove = 0;
+			}
 			if (data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL)
 				break;
 			if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_PRETEND))
@@ -80,151 +166,90 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+static void update_files_in_cache(const char *prefix,
+				  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				  struct update_callback_data *data)
 {
-	struct update_callback_data data;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
+	if (pathspec)
+		copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
-	data.flags = flags;
-	data.add_errors = 0;
-	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = data;
 	rev.max_count = 0; /* do not compare unmerged paths with stage #2 */
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
+}
+
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags)
+{
+	struct update_callback_data data;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.flags = flags;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, pathspec, &data);
 	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
-{
-	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
-	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
-	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
-	 * anything.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
-		if (!seen[i])
-			num_unmatched++;
-	if (!num_unmatched)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
-	}
-}
-
-static char *find_used_pathspec(const char **pathspec)
+#define WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT (1u << 0)
+static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			     int prefix, unsigned flag)
 {
 	char *seen;
 	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, i);
-	return seen;
-}
-
-static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
-{
-	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
 	struct dir_entry **src, **dst;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 
 	src = dst = dir->entries;
 	i = dir->nr;
 	while (--i >= 0) {
 		struct dir_entry *entry = *src++;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
-				   prefix, seen))
+		if (match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
+					 prefix, seen))
 			*dst++ = entry;
+		else if (flag & WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT)
+			/*
+			 * "git add -A" was run from a subdirectory with a
+			 * new file outside that directory.
+			 *
+			 * "git add -A" will behave like "git add -A :/"
+			 * instead of "git add -A ." in the future.
+			 * Warn about the coming behavior change.
+			 */
+			warn_pathless_add();
 	}
 	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
 	return seen;
 }
 
-static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
-			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
-				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
-				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
-				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
-					continue;
-				if (len2 == len + 1)
-					/* strip trailing slash */
-					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
-				else
-					die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
-						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
+static void refresh(int verbose, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
+	int i;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 	refresh_index(&the_index, verbose ? REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN : REFRESH_QUIET,
 		      pathspec, seen, _("Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
 		if (!seen[i])
-			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), pathspec[i]);
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
+			    pathspec->items[i].match);
 	}
         free(seen);
 }
 
-static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char **p;
-		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
-			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
-				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-				die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), *p + len);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return pathspec;
-}
-
 int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			const char **pathspec)
+			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	int status, ac, pc = 0;
+	int status, ac, i;
 	const char **args;
 
-	if (pathspec)
-		while (pathspec[pc])
-			pc++;
-
-	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pc + 5));
+	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pathspec->nr + 6));
 	ac = 0;
 	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
 	if (patch_mode)
@@ -232,11 +257,9 @@
 	if (revision)
 		args[ac++] = revision;
 	args[ac++] = "--";
-	if (pc) {
-		memcpy(&(args[ac]), pathspec, sizeof(const char *) * pc);
-		ac += pc;
-	}
-	args[ac] = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
+		args[ac++] = pathspec->items[i].original;
 
 	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 	free(args);
@@ -245,17 +268,17 @@
 
 int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	if (argc) {
-		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
-		if (!pathspec)
-			return -1;
-	}
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	return run_add_interactive(NULL,
 				   patch ? "--patch" : NULL,
-				   pathspec);
+				   &pathspec);
 }
 
 static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -273,21 +296,22 @@
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die (_("Could not read the index"));
+		die(_("Could not read the index"));
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diffopt.context = 7;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
 	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 	if (out < 0)
-		die (_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
+		die(_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
 	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
 	rev.diffopt.close_file = 1;
 	if (run_diff_files(&rev, 0))
-		die (_("Could not write patch"));
+		die(_("Could not write patch"));
 
 	launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL);
 
@@ -300,7 +324,7 @@
 	child.git_cmd = 1;
 	child.argv = apply_argv;
 	if (run_command(&child))
-		die (_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
+		die(_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
 
 	unlink(file);
 	free(file);
@@ -312,23 +336,38 @@
 static const char ignore_error[] =
 N_("The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n");
 
-static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
-static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
+static int verbose, show_only, ignored_too, refresh_only;
+static int ignore_add_errors, intent_to_add, ignore_missing;
+
+#define ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT 0 /* Change to 1 in Git 2.0 */
+static int addremove = ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT;
+static int addremove_explicit = -1; /* unspecified */
+
+static int ignore_removal_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	/* if we are told to ignore, we are not adding removals */
+	*(int *)opt->value = !unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
 	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
+	OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, N_("allow adding otherwise ignored files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
+	OPT_BOOL('A', "all", &addremove_explicit, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-removal", &addremove_explicit,
+	  NULL /* takes no arguments */,
+	  N_("ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, ignore_removal_cb },
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -367,12 +406,14 @@
 {
 	int exit_status = 0;
 	int newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	int flags;
 	int add_new_files;
 	int require_pathspec;
 	char *seen = NULL;
+	int implicit_dot = 0;
+	struct update_callback_data update_data;
 
 	git_config(add_config, NULL);
 
@@ -388,14 +429,44 @@
 	argc--;
 	argv++;
 
+	if (0 <= addremove_explicit)
+		addremove = addremove_explicit;
+	else if (take_worktree_changes && ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT)
+		addremove = 0; /* "-u" was given but not "-A" */
+
 	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
 		die(_("-A and -u are mutually incompatible"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Warn when "git add pathspec..." was given without "-u" or "-A"
+	 * and pathspec... covers a removed path.
+	 */
+	memset(&update_data, 0, sizeof(update_data));
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0)
+		update_data.warn_add_would_remove = 1;
+
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0 && argc)
+		/*
+		 * Turn "git add pathspec..." to "git add -A pathspec..."
+		 * in Git 2.0 but not yet
+		 */
+		; /* addremove = 1; */
+
 	if (!show_only && ignore_missing)
 		die(_("Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"));
-	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
+	if (addremove) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--all";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-A";
+	}
+	if (take_worktree_changes) {
+		option_with_implicit_dot = "--update";
+		short_option_with_implicit_dot = "-u";
+	}
+	if (option_with_implicit_dot && !argc) {
 		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
 		argc = 1;
 		argv = here;
+		implicit_dot = 1;
 	}
 
 	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
@@ -408,21 +479,31 @@
 		 (intent_to_add ? ADD_CACHE_INTENT : 0) |
 		 (ignore_add_errors ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS : 0) |
 		 (!(addremove || take_worktree_changes)
-		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0));
+		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0)) |
+		 (implicit_dot ? ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 
 	if (require_pathspec && argc == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"));
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"));
 		return 0;
 	}
-	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-	treat_gitlinks(pathspec);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the "pathspec '%s' did not match any files" block
+	 * below before enabling new magic.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	if (add_new_files) {
 		int baselen;
+		struct pathspec empty_pathspec;
 
 		/* Set up the default git porcelain excludes */
 		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
@@ -431,50 +512,77 @@
 			setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 		}
 
+		memset(&empty_pathspec, 0, sizeof(empty_pathspec));
 		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
-		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-		if (pathspec)
-			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, implicit_dot ? &empty_pathspec : &pathspec);
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			seen = prune_directory(&dir, &pathspec, baselen,
+					implicit_dot ? WARN_IMPLICIT_DOT : 0);
 	}
 
 	if (refresh_only) {
-		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
+		refresh(verbose, &pathspec);
 		goto finish;
 	}
+	if (implicit_dot && prefix)
+		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
-	if (pathspec) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		int i;
-		struct path_exclude_check check;
 
-		path_exclude_check_init(&check, &dir);
 		if (!seen)
-			seen = find_used_pathspec(pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
-			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
-			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
+			seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+
+		/*
+		 * file_exists() assumes exact match
+		 */
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(&pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+			if (!seen[i] && path[0] &&
+			    ((pathspec.items[i].magic &
+			      (PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE)) ||
+			     !file_exists(path))) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
 					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
-					if (path_excluded(&check, pathspec[i], -1, &dtype))
-						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
+					if (is_excluded(&dir, path, &dtype))
+						dir_add_ignored(&dir, path, pathspec.items[i].len);
 				} else
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    pathspec[i]);
+					    pathspec.items[i].original);
 			}
 		}
 		free(seen);
-		path_exclude_check_clear(&check);
 	}
 
 	plug_bulk_checkin();
 
-	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+	if ((flags & ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT) && prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * Check for modified files throughout the worktree so
+		 * update_callback has a chance to warn about changes
+		 * outside the cwd.
+		 */
+		update_data.implicit_dot = prefix;
+		update_data.implicit_dot_len = strlen(prefix);
+		free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
+	}
+	update_data.flags = flags & ~ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT;
+	update_files_in_cache(prefix, &pathspec, &update_data);
 
+	exit_status |= !!update_data.add_errors;
 	if (add_new_files)
 		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
 
 	unplug_bulk_checkin();
 
- finish:
+finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index 156b3ce..ef32e4f 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
 
 	/*
 	 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
-	 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
+	 * http://marc.info/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
 	 */
 	if (unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@
 
 static char *find_name_traditional(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(line);
+	size_t len;
 	size_t date_len;
 
 	if (*line == '"') {
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@
 			patch->old_name = name;
 		} else {
 			patch->old_name = name;
-			patch->new_name = xstrdup(name);
+			patch->new_name = null_strdup(name);
 		}
 	}
 	if (!name)
@@ -1041,15 +1041,17 @@
 
 static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1919,7 +1921,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Read the patch text in "buffer" taht extends for "size" bytes; stop
+ * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
  * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
  * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
  * Return the number of bytes consumed, so that the caller can call us
@@ -2095,7 +2097,7 @@
 				   char *buf,
 				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
-	int i, ctx;
+	int i, ctx, reduced;
 	char *new, *old, *fixed;
 	struct image fixed_preimage;
 
@@ -2105,18 +2107,20 @@
 	 * free "oldlines".
 	 */
 	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
-	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+	assert(postlen
+	       ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
+	       : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 	free(preimage->line_allocated);
 	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
-	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
-	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
-	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
-	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
+	 * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
+	 * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
+	 *
 	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 	 */
@@ -2126,7 +2130,8 @@
 	else
 		new = old;
 	fixed = preimage->buf;
-	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+
+	for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
 		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
@@ -2145,8 +2150,15 @@
 			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 			ctx++;
 		}
-		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
-			die(_("oops"));
+
+		/*
+		 * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
+		 * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
+		 */
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
+			reduced++;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
 		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
@@ -2159,6 +2171,7 @@
 
 	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+	postimage->nr -= reduced;
 }
 
 static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
@@ -2172,7 +2185,7 @@
 	int i;
 	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 	struct strbuf fixed;
-	size_t fixed_len;
+	size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 	int preimage_limit;
 
 	if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
@@ -2322,6 +2335,7 @@
 	strbuf_init(&fixed, preimage->len + 1);
 	orig = preimage->buf;
 	target = img->buf + try;
+	postlen = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
 		size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
 		size_t tgtlen = img->line[try_lno + i].len;
@@ -2349,6 +2363,7 @@
 		match = (tgtfix.len == fixed.len - fixstart &&
 			 !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 					     fixed.len - fixstart));
+		postlen += tgtfix.len;
 
 		strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 		if (!match)
@@ -2386,8 +2401,10 @@
 	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 	 */
 	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	if (postlen < postimage->len)
+		postlen = 0;
 	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, 0);
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 	return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2982,7 +2999,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	if (!ce)
 		return 0;
@@ -3012,7 +3029,7 @@
  *
  * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
  * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
- * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presense of B as we
+ * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
  * will remove it in a later patch.
  */
 #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
@@ -3100,7 +3117,7 @@
 	return previous;
 }
 
-static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int verify_index_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
@@ -3113,7 +3130,7 @@
 #define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
 
 static int load_patch_target(struct strbuf *buf,
-			     struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			     struct stat *st,
 			     const char *name,
 			     unsigned expected_mode)
@@ -3143,7 +3160,8 @@
  * we read from the result of a previous diff.
  */
 static int load_preimage(struct image *image,
-			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st,
+			 const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	size_t len;
@@ -3256,7 +3274,7 @@
 }
 
 static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
-			struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+			struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -3326,7 +3344,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct image image;
 
@@ -3496,7 +3514,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
 	 * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
-	 * the presense of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
+	 * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
 	 * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
 	 * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
 	 * was_deleted().
@@ -3508,7 +3526,7 @@
 		ok_if_exists = 0;
 
 	if (new_name &&
-	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
+	    ((0 < patch->is_new) || patch->is_rename || patch->is_copy)) {
 		int err = check_to_create(new_name, ok_if_exists);
 
 		if (err && threeway) {
@@ -3587,6 +3605,40 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	/*
+	 * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
+	 * @@ -1 +1 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
+	 * or
+	 * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * for a removal patch.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
+	static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
+	char *preimage;
+
+	if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
+	    hunk && !hunk->next &&
+	    /* is its preimage one line? */
+	    hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
+	    /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
+	    (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
+	    !prefixcmp(++preimage, heading) &&
+	    /* does it record full SHA-1? */
+	    !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
+	    preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
+	    /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
+	    !prefixcmp(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
+		return 0; /* it all looks fine */
+
+	/* we may have full object name on the index line */
+	return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+}
+
 /* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
@@ -3598,7 +3650,6 @@
 	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 	 */
 	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name;
@@ -3606,20 +3657,25 @@
 		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 		if (0 < patch->is_new)
 			continue;
-		else if (get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
-			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
-			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
-					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
-						"in current HEAD", name);
-				sha1_ptr = sha1;
-			} else
-				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
-					"(%s).", name);
-		else
-			sha1_ptr = sha1;
 
-		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
+				; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
+			else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless for submoule %s",
+				    name);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
+			; /* ok */
+		} else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+			/* mode-only change: update the current */
+			if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+				    "in current HEAD", name);
+		} else
+			die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+			    "(%s).", name);
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
 		if (!ce)
 			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), name);
 		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
@@ -3792,7 +3848,7 @@
 		const char *s = buf;
 
 		if (get_sha1_hex(s + strlen("Subproject commit "), ce->sha1))
-			die(_("corrupt patch for subproject %s"), path);
+			die(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
 	} else {
 		if (!cached) {
 			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
@@ -4307,23 +4363,23 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, N_("num"),
 			N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
 			0, option_parse_p },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-add", &no_add,
 			N_("ignore additions made by the patch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &diffstat,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numstat", &numstat,
 			N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &summary,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "check", &check,
 			N_("instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "index", &check_index,
 			N_("make sure the patch is applicable to the current index")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 			N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "apply", &force_apply,
 			N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
 		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &threeway,
 			 N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
@@ -4343,13 +4399,13 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
 			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
+		OPT_BOOL('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
 			N_("apply the patch in reverse")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
 			N_("don't expect at least one line of context")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
 			N_("leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
 			N_("allow overlapping hunks")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index 9a1cfd3..49178f1 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 			       const char *remote, const char *exec,
 			       const char *name_hint)
 {
-	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
-	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	char *buf;
+	int fd[2], i, rv;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	struct remote *_remote;
 
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@
 		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
 	packet_flush(fd[1]);
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (!len)
+	buf = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL);
+	if (!buf)
 		die(_("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"));
-	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
-		buf[--len] = 0;
 	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
-		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
 			die(_("git archive: NACK %s"), buf + 5);
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
 			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 4);
 		die(_("git archive: protocol error"));
 	}
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (len)
+	if (packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))
 		die(_("git archive: expected a flush"));
 
 	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index e3884e3..33242290 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 	int next_all = 0;
 	int no_checkout = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
-			    N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
-			    N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "next-all", &next_all,
+			 N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
+			 N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index c27ef21..9047b6e 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
 static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file");
 
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@
 static int incremental;
 static int xdl_opts;
 static int abbrev = -1;
+static int no_whole_file_rename;
 
 static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
 static size_t blame_date_width;
@@ -406,7 +409,9 @@
 	paths[0] = origin->path;
 	paths[1] = NULL;
 
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	parse_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", paths);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
@@ -456,7 +461,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	if (porigin) {
 		/*
 		 * Create a freestanding copy that is not part of
@@ -484,15 +489,12 @@
 	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	int i;
-	const char *paths[2];
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
@@ -514,7 +516,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
@@ -565,11 +567,16 @@
 	dst->score = 0;
 }
 
-static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, long lno)
 {
 	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
 }
 
+static const char *nth_line_cb(void *data, long lno)
+{
+	return nth_line((struct scoreboard *)data, lno);
+}
+
 /*
  * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
  * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
@@ -1057,7 +1064,6 @@
 			       int opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i, j;
 	int retval;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list;
@@ -1071,8 +1077,6 @@
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
@@ -1155,7 +1159,7 @@
 	}
 	reset_scanned_flag(sb);
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1226,7 +1230,7 @@
 	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
 	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
 	 */
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
 		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
 				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
 		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
@@ -1321,30 +1325,31 @@
  * Information on commits, used for output.
  */
 struct commit_info {
-	const char *author;
-	const char *author_mail;
+	struct strbuf author;
+	struct strbuf author_mail;
 	unsigned long author_time;
-	const char *author_tz;
+	struct strbuf author_tz;
 
 	/* filled only when asked for details */
-	const char *committer;
-	const char *committer_mail;
+	struct strbuf committer;
+	struct strbuf committer_mail;
 	unsigned long committer_time;
-	const char *committer_tz;
+	struct strbuf committer_tz;
 
-	const char *summary;
+	struct strbuf summary;
 };
 
 /*
  * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
  */
 static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
-			int person_len, char *person,
-			int mail_len, char *mail,
-			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+	struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *mail,
+	unsigned long *time, struct strbuf *tz)
 {
-	int len, tzlen, maillen;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	size_t len, maillen, namelen;
+	char *tmp, *endp;
+	const char *namebuf, *mailbuf;
 
 	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
 	if (!tmp)
@@ -1355,69 +1360,66 @@
 		len = strlen(tmp);
 	else
 		len = endp - tmp;
-	if (person_len <= len) {
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, tmp, len)) {
 	error_out:
 		/* Ugh */
-		*tz = "(unknown)";
-		strcpy(person, *tz);
-		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		tmp = "(unknown)";
+		strbuf_addstr(name, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(mail, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, tmp);
 		*time = 0;
 		return;
 	}
-	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
 
-	tmp = person;
-	tmp += len;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*tz = tmp+1;
-	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
-	timepos = tmp;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && !(*tmp == ' ' && tmp[1] == '<'))
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		return;
-	mailpos = tmp + 1;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	maillen = timepos - tmp;
-	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
+	if (ident.date_begin && ident.date_end)
+		*time = strtoul(ident.date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	else
+		*time = 0;
 
-	if (!mailmap.nr)
-		return;
-
-	/*
-	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
-	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
-	 */
-	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
-	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
-	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
-	*tz = tmp;
+	if (ident.tz_begin && ident.tz_end)
+		strbuf_add(tz, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, "(unknown)");
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
 	 */
-	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
-		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
-		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
-		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
-		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
-			*mailpos = '>';
-			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
-		}
-	}
+	map_user(&mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen,
+		 &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	strbuf_addf(mail, "<%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+	strbuf_add(name, namebuf, namelen);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_init(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->summary, 0);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_destroy(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->summary);
 }
 
 static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
@@ -1425,57 +1427,33 @@
 			    int detailed)
 {
 	int len;
-	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded, *message;
-	static char author_name[1024];
-	static char author_mail[1024];
-	static char committer_name[1024];
-	static char committer_mail[1024];
-	static char summary_buf[1024];
+	const char *subject, *encoding;
+	char *message;
 
-	/*
-	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
-	 * we now need to populate them for output.
-	 */
-	if (!commit->buffer) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-		commit->buffer =
-			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!commit->buffer)
-			die("Cannot read commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, NULL);
-	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
-	ret->author = author_name;
-	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	commit_info_init(ret);
+
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
-		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
-		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author, &ret->author_mail,
 		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
 
 	if (!detailed) {
-		free(reencoded);
+		logmsg_free(message, commit);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	ret->committer = committer_name;
-	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
 	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
-		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
-		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer, &ret->committer_mail,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
-	ret->summary = summary_buf;
 	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
-	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
-		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
-		summary_buf[len] = 0;
-	} else {
-		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	free(reencoded);
+	if (len)
+		strbuf_add(&ret->summary, subject, len);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&ret->summary, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1503,15 +1481,15 @@
 
 	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
-	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author.buf);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail.buf);
 	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
-	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
-	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
-	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz.buf);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer.buf);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail.buf);
 	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
-	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz.buf);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary.buf);
 	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		printf("boundary\n");
 	if (suspect->previous) {
@@ -1519,6 +1497,9 @@
 		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
 		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
 	}
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1705,11 +1686,11 @@
 		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
 			const char *name;
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				name = ci.author_mail;
+				name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 			else
-				name = ci.author;
+				name = ci.author.buf;
 			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
-			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz.buf,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
 		} else {
@@ -1728,14 +1709,14 @@
 				const char *name;
 				int pad;
 				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-					name = ci.author_mail;
+					name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 				else
-					name = ci.author;
+					name = ci.author.buf;
 				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
 				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
-						   ci.author_tz,
+						   ci.author_tz.buf,
 						   show_raw_time));
 			}
 			printf(" %*d) ",
@@ -1750,6 +1731,8 @@
 
 	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
 		putchar('\n');
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 }
 
 static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
@@ -1821,17 +1804,17 @@
 static int read_ancestry(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (graft)
 			register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1874,9 +1857,9 @@
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
 			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail.buf);
 			else
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author.buf);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
 		}
@@ -1888,6 +1871,8 @@
 			longest_dst_lines = num;
 		if (largest_score < ent_score(sb, e))
 			largest_score = ent_score(sb, e);
+
+		commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 	}
 	max_orig_digits = decimal_width(longest_src_lines);
 	max_digits = decimal_width(longest_dst_lines);
@@ -1949,103 +1934,6 @@
 	return prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
 }
 
-/*
- * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
- */
-static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
-			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
-			     long begin, long *ret)
-{
-	char *term;
-	const char *line;
-	long num;
-	int reg_error;
-	regex_t regexp;
-	regmatch_t match[1];
-
-	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
-	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
-	 * <something>.
-	 */
-	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
-		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
-		if (term != spec + 1) {
-			if (spec[0] == '-')
-				num = 0 - num;
-			if (0 < num)
-				*ret = begin + num - 2;
-			else if (!num)
-				*ret = begin;
-			else
-				*ret = begin + num;
-			return term;
-		}
-		return spec;
-	}
-	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
-	if (term != spec) {
-		*ret = num;
-		return term;
-	}
-	if (spec[0] != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
-	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
-		if (*term == '\\')
-			term++;
-	}
-	if (*term != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
-	*term = 0;
-	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
-	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
-
-	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
-	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
-		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
-		const char *nline;
-
-		while (begin++ < lno) {
-			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
-			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
-				break;
-			line = nline;
-		}
-		*ret = begin;
-		regfree(&regexp);
-		*term++ = '/';
-		return term;
-	}
-	else {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
-		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Parsing of -L option
- */
-static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				const char *bottomtop,
-				long lno,
-				long *bottom, long *top)
-{
-	const char *term;
-
-	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
-	if (*term == ',') {
-		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
-		if (*term)
-			usage(blame_usage);
-	}
-	if (*term)
-		usage(blame_usage);
-}
-
 static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showroot")) {
@@ -2342,38 +2230,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int blame_bottomtop_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	const char **bottomtop = option->value;
-	if (!arg)
-		return -1;
-	if (*bottomtop)
-		die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
-	*bottomtop = arg;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	const char *path;
 	struct scoreboard sb;
 	struct origin *o;
-	struct blame_entry *ent;
-	long dashdash_pos, bottom, top, lno;
+	struct blame_entry *ent = NULL;
+	long dashdash_pos, lno;
 	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
 	enum object_type type;
 
-	static const char *bottomtop = NULL;
+	static struct string_list range_list;
 	static int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
 	static int show_stats = 0;
 	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
 	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, N_("Show output score for blame entries"), OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
 		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, N_("Show original filename (Default: auto)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
 		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, N_("Show original linenumber (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
@@ -2390,18 +2267,22 @@
 		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, N_("file"), N_("Use <file>'s contents as the final image")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line copies within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line movements within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"), blame_bottomtop_callback),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('L', NULL, &range_list, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	int cmd_is_annotate = !strcmp(argv[0], "annotate");
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	unsigned int range_i;
+	long anchor;
 
 	git_config(git_blame_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
@@ -2425,6 +2306,8 @@
 		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
 	}
 parse_done:
+	no_whole_file_rename = !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
 	if (0 < abbrev)
@@ -2586,26 +2469,48 @@
 	num_read_blob++;
 	lno = prepare_lines(&sb);
 
-	bottom = top = 0;
-	if (bottomtop)
-		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
-	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
-		long tmp;
-		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
-	}
-	if (bottom < 1)
-		bottom = 1;
-	if (top < 1)
-		top = lno;
-	bottom--;
-	if (lno < top || lno < bottom)
-		die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+	if (lno && !range_list.nr)
+		string_list_append(&range_list, xstrdup("1"));
 
-	ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
-	ent->lno = bottom;
-	ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
-	ent->suspect = o;
-	ent->s_lno = bottom;
+	anchor = 1;
+	range_set_init(&ranges, range_list.nr);
+	for (range_i = 0; range_i < range_list.nr; ++range_i) {
+		long bottom, top;
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_list.items[range_i].string,
+				    nth_line_cb, &sb, lno, anchor,
+				    &bottom, &top, sb.path))
+			usage(blame_usage);
+		if (lno < top || ((lno || bottom) && lno < bottom))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+		if (bottom < 1)
+			bottom = 1;
+		if (top < 1)
+			top = lno;
+		bottom--;
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&ranges, bottom, top);
+		anchor = top + 1;
+	}
+	sort_and_merge_range_set(&ranges);
+
+	for (range_i = ranges.nr; range_i > 0; --range_i) {
+		const struct range *r = &ranges.ranges[range_i - 1];
+		long bottom = r->start;
+		long top = r->end;
+		struct blame_entry *next = ent;
+		ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
+		ent->lno = bottom;
+		ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
+		ent->suspect = o;
+		ent->s_lno = bottom;
+		ent->next = next;
+		if (next)
+			next->prev = ent;
+		origin_incref(o);
+	}
+	origin_decref(o);
+
+	range_set_release(&ranges);
+	string_list_clear(&range_list, 0);
 
 	sb.ent = ent;
 	sb.path = path;
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 1ec9c02..f157f92 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
 	N_("git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"),
@@ -40,13 +41,15 @@
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,		/* UPSTREAM */
 };
 enum color_branch {
 	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
-	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM = 5
 };
 
 static enum merge_filter {
@@ -71,6 +74,8 @@
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
 	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "upstream"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -417,37 +422,65 @@
 	int ours, theirs;
 	char *ref = NULL;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+	struct strbuf fancy = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
+	int added_decoration = 1;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
-		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
-		    show_upstream_ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
-			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
-	if (show_upstream_ref)
+	if (show_upstream_ref) {
 		ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
-	if (!ours) {
-		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), ref, theirs);
+		if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+			strbuf_addf(&fancy, "%s%s%s",
+					branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+					ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&fancy, ref);
+	}
+
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: gone]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), fancy.buf, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[behind %d]"), theirs);
 
 	} else if (!theirs) {
-		if (ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), ref, ours);
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), fancy.buf, ours);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d]"), ours);
 	} else {
-		if (ref)
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"),
-				    ref, ours, theirs);
+				    fancy.buf, ours, theirs);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d, behind %d]"),
 				    ours, theirs);
 	}
-	strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
+	strbuf_release(&fancy);
+	if (added_decoration)
+		strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
 	free(ref);
 }
 
@@ -466,7 +499,7 @@
 			     int verbose, int abbrev)
 {
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+	const char *sub = _(" **** invalid ref ****");
 	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 
 	if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
@@ -550,6 +583,29 @@
 	return w;
 }
 
+static char *get_head_description(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state, 1);
+	if (state.rebase_in_progress ||
+	    state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, rebasing %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.bisect_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, bisect started on %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.detached_from)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(detached from %s)"),
+			    state.detached_from);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&desc, _("(no branch)"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+	return strbuf_detach(&desc, NULL);
+}
 
 static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 {
@@ -557,7 +613,7 @@
 
 	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
 		struct ref_item item;
-		item.name = xstrdup(_("(no branch)"));
+		item.name = get_head_description();
 		item.width = utf8_strwidth(item.name);
 		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 		item.dest = NULL;
@@ -590,7 +646,7 @@
 		struct commit *filter;
 		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
 		if (!filter)
-			die("object '%s' does not point to a commit",
+			die(_("object '%s' does not point to a commit"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge_filter_ref));
 
 		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -706,11 +762,11 @@
 	read_branch_desc(&buf, branch_name);
 	if (!buf.len || buf.buf[buf.len-1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_addf(&buf,
-		    "# Please edit the description for the branch\n"
-		    "#   %s\n"
-		    "# Lines starting with '#' will be stripped.\n",
-		    branch_name);
+	strbuf_commented_addf(&buf,
+		    "Please edit the description for the branch\n"
+		    "  %s\n"
+		    "Lines starting with '%c' will be stripped.\n",
+		    branch_name, comment_line_char);
 	fp = fopen(git_path(edit_description), "w");
 	if ((fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, fp) < buf.len) || fclose(fp)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -725,7 +781,7 @@
 	stripspace(&buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.buf);
+	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.len ? buf.buf : NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -753,7 +809,7 @@
 		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
 		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, "upstream", "change the upstream info"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
 		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
@@ -778,10 +834,10 @@
 		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, N_("delete branch (even if not merged)"), 2),
 		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, N_("move/rename a branch and its reflog"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, N_("move/rename a branch, even if target exists"), 2),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
-			    N_("edit the description for the branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
+			 N_("edit the description for the branch")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, N_("force creation (when already exists)")),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
@@ -825,7 +881,11 @@
 	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list + !!new_upstream + !!unset_upstream > 1)
+	if (with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
+		list = 1;
+
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!new_upstream +
+	    list + unset_upstream > 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
 	if (abbrev == -1)
@@ -837,9 +897,11 @@
 		colopts = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (delete)
+	if (delete) {
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
 		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds, quiet);
-	else if (list) {
+	} else if (list) {
 		int ret = print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
 					 with_commit, argv);
 		print_columns(&output, colopts, NULL);
@@ -850,39 +912,53 @@
 		const char *branch_name;
 		struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		if (detached)
-			die("Cannot give description to detached HEAD");
-		if (!argc)
+		if (!argc) {
+			if (detached)
+				die(_("Cannot give description to detached HEAD"));
 			branch_name = head;
-		else if (argc == 1)
+		} else if (argc == 1)
 			branch_name = argv[0];
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("cannot edit description of more than one branch"));
 
 		strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", branch_name);
 		if (!ref_exists(branch_ref.buf)) {
 			strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 			if (!argc)
-				return error("No commit on branch '%s' yet.",
+				return error(_("No commit on branch '%s' yet."),
 					     branch_name);
 			else
-				return error("No such branch '%s'.", branch_name);
+				return error(_("No branch named '%s'."),
+					     branch_name);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 		if (edit_branch_description(branch_name))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (rename) {
-		if (argc == 1)
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		else if (argc == 1)
 			rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
 		else if (argc == 2)
 			rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("too many branches for a rename operation"));
 	} else if (new_upstream) {
 		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
 
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to set new upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."),
+				    new_upstream);
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
 		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
 			die(_("branch '%s' does not exist"), branch->name);
 
@@ -895,10 +971,19 @@
 		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch)) {
-			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to unset upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not unset upstream of HEAD when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."));
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
 		}
 
+		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch))
+			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
+
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", branch->name);
 		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
@@ -910,6 +995,12 @@
 		int branch_existed = 0, remote_tracking = 0;
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+			die(_("it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"));
+
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+
 		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
 			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
 
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 00528dd..f8288c8 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -13,76 +13,6 @@
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
 
-#define BATCH 1
-#define BATCH_CHECK 2
-
-static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
-	const char *endp = buf + size;
-	const char *cp = buf;
-
-	while (cp < endp) {
-		char c = *cp++;
-		if (c != '\n')
-			continue;
-		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
-			const char *tagger = cp;
-
-			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
-			 * of the buffer so far.
-			 */
-			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
-
-			/*
-			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
-			 * the date.
-			 */
-			while (cp < endp) {
-				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
-					/* tagger to cp is a line
-					 * that has ident and time.
-					 */
-					const char *sp = tagger;
-					char *ep;
-					unsigned long date;
-					long tz;
-					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
-						sp++;
-					if (sp == cp) {
-						/* give up */
-						write_or_die(1, tagger,
-							     cp - tagger);
-						break;
-					}
-					while (sp < cp &&
-					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
-						sp++;
-					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
-					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
-					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
-					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
-					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
-					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
-			/* end of header */
-			break;
-	}
-	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
-	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
-	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
-	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
-	 * remainder as is.
-	 */
-	if (cp < endp)
-		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
-}
-
 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -115,6 +45,14 @@
 	case 'e':
 		return !has_sha1_file(sha1);
 
+	case 'c':
+		if (!obj_context.path[0])
+			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
+			    obj_name);
+
+		if (textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
+			break;
+
 	case 'p':
 		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
 		if (type < 0)
@@ -133,24 +71,10 @@
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
-		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
-			return 0;
-		}
 
 		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
 		break;
 
-	case 'c':
-		if (!obj_context.path[0])
-			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
-			    obj_name);
-
-		if (!textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
-			die("git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on %s",
-			    obj_name);
-		break;
-
 	case 0:
 		if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
@@ -188,54 +112,205 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, int print_contents)
-{
+struct expand_data {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	enum object_type type = 0;
+	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long size;
-	void *contents = contents;
+	unsigned long disk_size;
+	const char *rest;
+
+	/*
+	 * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
+	 * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
+	 */
+	int mark_query;
+
+	/*
+	 * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
+	 * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
+	 * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
+	 */
+	int split_on_whitespace;
+
+	/*
+	 * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
+	 * passed to sha1_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
+	 * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
+	 */
+	struct object_info info;
+};
+
+static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
+{
+	int alen = strlen(atom);
+	return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
+}
+
+static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
+			void *vdata)
+{
+	struct expand_data *data = vdata;
+
+	if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
+		if (!data->mark_query)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+	} else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.typep = &data->type;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, typename(data->type));
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.sizep = &data->size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->size);
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->disk_size);
+	} else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
+		else if (data->rest)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
+	} else
+		die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
+}
+
+static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
+{
+	const char *end;
+
+	if (*start != '(')
+		return 0;
+	end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
+	if (!end)
+		die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
+
+	expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
+
+	return end - start + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_object_or_die(int fd, struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = data->sha1;
+
+	assert(data->info.typep);
+
+	if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		if (stream_blob_to_fd(fd, sha1, NULL, 0) < 0)
+			die("unable to stream %s to stdout", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		void *contents;
+
+		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!contents)
+			die("object %s disappeared", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (type != data->type)
+			die("object %s changed type!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
+			die("object %s changed size!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		write_or_die(fd, contents, size);
+		free(contents);
+	}
+}
+
+struct batch_options {
+	int enabled;
+	int print_contents;
+	const char *format;
+};
+
+static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
+			    struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!obj_name)
 	   return 1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1)) {
+	if (get_sha1(obj_name, data->sha1)) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH)
-		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	else
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
-
-	if (type <= 0) {
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(data->sha1, &data->info) < 0) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (print_contents == BATCH)
-			free(contents);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	printf("%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), size);
-	fflush(stdout);
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, data);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH) {
-		write_or_die(1, contents, size);
-		printf("\n");
-		fflush(stdout);
-		free(contents);
+	if (opt->print_contents) {
+		print_object_or_die(1, data);
+		write_or_die(1, "\n", 1);
 	}
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_objects(int print_contents)
+static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct expand_data data;
+
+	if (!opt->format)
+		opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
+	 * object_info to be handed to sha1_object_info_extended for each
+	 * object.
+	 */
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.mark_query = 1;
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
+	data.mark_query = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are printing out the object, then always fill in the type,
+	 * since we will want to decide whether or not to stream.
+	 */
+	if (opt->print_contents)
+		data.info.typep = &data.type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
+	 * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
+	 * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
+	 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
+	 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
+	 */
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, print_contents);
+		int error;
+
+		if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
+			/*
+			 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
+			 * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
+			 * data.rest.
+			 */
+			char *p = strpbrk(buf.buf, " \t");
+			if (p) {
+				while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
+					*p++ = '\0';
+			}
+			data.rest = p;
+		}
+
+		error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
 		if (error)
 			return error;
 	}
@@ -257,10 +332,29 @@
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				 const char *arg,
+				 int unset)
+{
+	struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		memset(bo, 0, sizeof(*bo));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bo->enabled = 1;
+	bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
+	bo->format = arg;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opt = 0, batch = 0;
+	int opt = 0;
 	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
+	struct batch_options batch = {0};
 
 	const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
@@ -271,12 +365,12 @@
 		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "textconv", &opt,
 			    N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
-			    N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
-			    BATCH),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
-			    N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
-			    BATCH_CHECK),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -293,19 +387,19 @@
 		else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (!opt && !batch) {
+	if (!opt && !batch.enabled) {
 		if (argc == 2) {
 			exp_type = argv[0];
 			obj_name = argv[1];
 		} else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (batch && (opt || argc)) {
+	if (batch.enabled && (opt || argc)) {
 		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (batch)
-		return batch_objects(batch);
+	if (batch.enabled)
+		return batch_objects(&batch);
 
 	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/check-attr.c b/builtin/check-attr.c
index 075d01d..e9af7b2 100644
--- a/builtin/check-attr.c
+++ b/builtin/check-attr.c
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
 NULL
 };
 
-static int null_term_line;
+static int nul_term_line;
 
 static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
-		N_("input paths are terminated by a null character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -38,8 +38,16 @@
 		else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
 			value = "unspecified";
 
-		quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
-		printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		if (nul_term_line) {
+			printf("%s%c" /* path */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrname */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrvalue */,
+			       file, 0, git_attr_name(check[j].attr), 0, value, 0);
+		} else {
+			quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		}
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@
 	struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
-	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
 
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..594463a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths, show_non_matching, no_index;
+static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
+"git check-ignore [options] pathname...",
+"git check-ignore [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int nul_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_paths,
+		 N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "non-matching", &show_non_matching,
+		 N_("show non-matching input paths")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-index", &no_index,
+		 N_("ignore index when checking")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
+{
+	char *bang  = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) ? "/" : "";
+	if (!nul_term_line) {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude) {
+				quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+				printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+				       exclude->srcpos,
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			}
+			else {
+				printf("::\t");
+			}
+			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			fputc('\n', stdout);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude)
+				printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+				       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+				       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+				       path, '\0');
+			else
+				printf("%c%c%c%s%c", '\0', '\0', '\0', path, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_ignore(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			const char *prefix, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *full_path;
+	char *seen;
+	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+
+	if (!argc) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * check-ignore just needs paths. Magic beyond :/ is really
+	 * irrelevant.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_FROMTOP,
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE |
+		       PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER,
+		       prefix, argv);
+
+	/*
+	 * look for pathspecs matching entries in the index, since these
+	 * should not be ignored, in order to be consistent with
+	 * 'git status', 'git add' etc.
+	 */
+	seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+		full_path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+		exclude = NULL;
+		if (!seen[i]) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(dir, full_path, &dtype);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && (exclude || show_non_matching))
+			output_exclude(pathspec.items[i].original, exclude);
+		if (exclude)
+			num_ignored++;
+	}
+	free(seen);
+
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
+	char *pathspec[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int num_ignored = 0;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		pathspec[0] = buf.buf;
+		num_ignored += check_ignore(dir, prefix,
+					    1, (const char **)pathspec);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "check-ignore to stdout");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int num_ignored;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_ignore_options,
+			     check_ignore_usage, 0);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (argc > 0)
+			die(_("cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"));
+	} else {
+		if (nul_term_line)
+			die(_("-z only makes sense with --stdin"));
+		if (argc == 0)
+			die(_("no path specified"));
+	}
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"));
+		if (verbose)
+			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
+	}
+	if (show_non_matching && !verbose)
+		die(_("--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"));
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (!no_index && read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(&dir, prefix);
+	} else {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(&dir, prefix, argc, argv);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
+	}
+
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	return !num_ignored;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-mailmap.c b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f4d809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int use_stdin;
+static const char * const check_mailmap_usage[] = {
+N_("git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."),
+NULL
+};
+
+static const struct option check_mailmap_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &use_stdin, N_("also read contacts from stdin")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void check_mailmap(struct string_list *mailmap, const char *contact)
+{
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, contact, strlen(contact)))
+		die(_("unable to parse contact: %s"), contact);
+
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+
+	map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
+
+	if (namelen)
+		printf("%.*s ", (int)namelen, name);
+	printf("<%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mail);
+}
+
+int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_mailmap_options,
+			     check_mailmap_usage, 0);
+	if (argc == 0 && !use_stdin)
+		die(_("no contacts specified"));
+
+	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+		check_mailmap(&mailmap, argv[i]);
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+
+	if (use_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			check_mailmap(&mailmap, buf.buf);
+			maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index b1feda7..61e75eb 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 static int checkout_stage; /* default to checkout stage0 */
 static int to_tempfile;
-static char topath[4][PATH_MAX + 1];
+static char topath[4][TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH + 1];
 
 static struct checkout state;
 
@@ -183,12 +183,12 @@
 	int prefix_length;
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all,
 			N_("check out all files in the index")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files")),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
 			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-create", &not_new,
 			N_("don't checkout new files")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
 			N_("update stat information in the index file"),
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
 			N_("read list of paths from the standard input")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
 			N_("write the content to temporary files")),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, N_("string"),
 			N_("when creating files, prepend <string>"),
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index a9c1b5a..54f80bd 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 	int force_detach;
 	int writeout_stage;
 	int overwrite_ignore;
+	int ignore_skipworktree;
 
 	const char *new_branch;
 	const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
 
 	int branch_exists;
 	const char *prefix;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
@@ -82,12 +83,9 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	struct pathspec ps;
-	init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
-	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
-	free_pathspec(&ps);
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
 
 	/* update the index with the given tree's info
 	 * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int skip_same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (++pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@
 	return pos;
 }
 
-static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stage(int stage, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@
 		return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_stages(unsigned stages, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	unsigned seen = 0;
 	const char *name = ce->name;
@@ -227,8 +225,6 @@
 	int flag;
 	struct commit *head;
 	int errs = 0;
-	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
-	int merge = opts->merge;
 	int newfd;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
 
@@ -256,45 +252,76 @@
 
 	if (opts->patch_mode)
 		return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
-					   opts->pathspec);
+					   &opts->pathspec);
 
 	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-	if (read_cache_preload(opts->pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&opts->pathspec) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
 	if (opts->source_tree)
-		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, opts->pathspec);
+		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, &opts->pathspec);
 
-	for (pos = 0; opts->pathspec[pos]; pos++)
-		;
-	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, opts->pathspec.nr);
 
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+	 * to be checked out.
+	 */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+		if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 			continue;
-		match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+			/*
+			 * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+			 * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+			 * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+			 * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+			 * anything to this entry at all.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+		 * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+		 * of the index.
+		 *
+		 * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+		 * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+		 * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+		 * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+		 * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+		 * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+		 * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+		 * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+		 */
+		if (match_pathspec_depth(&opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+				   0, ps_matched))
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 	}
 
-	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, opts->pathspec, opts->prefix))
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, &opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+		free(ps_matched);
 		return 1;
+	}
+	free(ps_matched);
 
 	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
 	if (opts->merge)
-		unmerge_cache(opts->pathspec);
+		unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
 	/* Any unmerged paths? */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
 			if (opts->force) {
 				warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
-			} else if (stage) {
-				errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+			} else if (opts->writeout_stage) {
+				errs |= check_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos);
 			} else if (opts->merge) {
 				errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
 			} else {
@@ -313,16 +340,14 @@
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
-			continue;
-		if (match_pathspec(opts->pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
 				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (stage)
-				errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
-			else if (merge)
+			if (opts->writeout_stage)
+				errs |= checkout_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos, &state);
+			else if (opts->merge)
 				errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
 			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
 		}
@@ -555,7 +580,7 @@
 				   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *old_desc;
+	const char *old_desc, *reflog_msg;
 	if (opts->new_branch) {
 		if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
 			if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
@@ -588,8 +613,13 @@
 	old_desc = old->name;
 	if (!old_desc && old->commit)
 		old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
-	strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
-		    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+
+	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!reflog_msg)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+			old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+	else
+		strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 
 	if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
 		/* Nothing to do. */
@@ -700,7 +730,7 @@
 			"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
 			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
 			" git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -793,38 +823,43 @@
 }
 
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1)) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
-		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	}
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = query.dst;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -838,7 +873,9 @@
 	int argcount = 0;
 	unsigned char branch_rev[20];
 	const char *arg;
-	int has_dash_dash;
+	int dash_dash_pos;
+	int has_dash_dash = 0;
+	int i;
 
 	/*
 	 * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
@@ -850,20 +887,30 @@
 	 *
 	 *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
 	 *
-	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [--]
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
-	 *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
-	 *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
-	 *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
-	 *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+	 *   (a) If <something> is a commit, that is to
+	 *       switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+	 *       if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+	 *       omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+	 *       between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-	 *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
-	 *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+	 *   (b) If <something> is _not_ a commit, either "--" is present
+	 *       or <something> is not a path, no -t nor -b was given, and
+	 *       and there is a tracking branch whose name is <something>
+	 *       in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand to
+	 *       fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
 	 *
-	 *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+	 *   (c) Otherwise, if "--" is present, treat it like case (1).
+	 *
+	 *   (d) Otherwise :
+	 *       - if it's a reference, treat it like case (1)
+	 *       - else if it's a path, treat it like case (2)
+	 *       - else: fail.
+	 *
+	 * case 4: git checkout <something> <paths>
+	 *
+	 *   The first argument must not be ambiguous.
 	 *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
 	 *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
 	 *   - else: fail.
@@ -872,28 +919,59 @@
 	if (!argc)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--"))	/* case (2) */
-		return 1;
-
 	arg = argv[0];
-	has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+	dash_dash_pos = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			dash_dash_pos = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (dash_dash_pos == 0)
+		return 1; /* case (2) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos == 1)
+		has_dash_dash = 1; /* case (3) or (1) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos >= 2)
+		die(_("only one reference expected, %d given."), dash_dash_pos);
 
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
 		arg = "@{-1}";
 
 	if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
-		if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
-			die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
-		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
-		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
-		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
-				return argcount;
-			*new_branch = arg;
-			arg = remote;
-			/* DWIMmed to create local branch */
-		} else {
+		/*
+		 * Either case (3) or (4), with <something> not being
+		 * a commit, or an attempt to use case (1) with an
+		 * invalid ref.
+		 *
+		 * It's likely an error, but we need to find out if
+		 * we should auto-create the branch, case (3).(b).
+		 */
+		int recover_with_dwim = dwim_new_local_branch_ok;
+
+		if (check_filename(NULL, arg) && !has_dash_dash)
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+		/*
+		 * Accept "git checkout foo" and "git checkout foo --"
+		 * as candidates for dwim.
+		 */
+		if (!(argc == 1 && !has_dash_dash) &&
+		    !(argc == 2 && has_dash_dash))
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+
+		if (recover_with_dwim) {
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (remote) {
+				*new_branch = arg;
+				arg = remote;
+				/* DWIMmed to create local branch, case (3).(b) */
+			} else {
+				recover_with_dwim = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!recover_with_dwim) {
+			if (has_dash_dash)
+				die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
 			return argcount;
 		}
 	}
@@ -923,7 +1001,7 @@
 
 	if (!*source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
 		die(_("reference is not a tree: %s"), arg);
-	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3).(d) -> (1) */
 		/*
 		 * Do not complain the most common case
 		 *	git checkout branch
@@ -960,7 +1038,7 @@
 static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			   struct branch_info *new)
 {
-	if (opts->pathspec)
+	if (opts->pathspec.nr)
 		die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
 
 	if (opts->patch_mode)
@@ -1014,8 +1092,8 @@
 			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
 		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
 			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
@@ -1024,14 +1102,15 @@
 		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
 			    3),
 		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
 			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-		  N_("second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch,
+				N_("second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -1110,9 +1189,11 @@
 	}
 
 	if (argc) {
-		opts.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		parse_pathspec(&opts.pathspec, 0,
+			       opts.patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0,
+			       prefix, argv);
 
-		if (!opts.pathspec)
+		if (!opts.pathspec.nr)
 			die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
 		/*
@@ -1144,7 +1225,7 @@
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
-	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec)
+	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec.nr)
 		return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
 	else
 		return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 69c1cda..615cd57 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -10,21 +10,135 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
+static int interactive;
+static struct string_list del_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char *msg_remove = N_("Removing %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_remove = N_("Would remove %s\n");
+static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+
+static int clean_use_color = -1;
+static char clean_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_BLUE,	/* PROMPT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* HEADER */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* HELP */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* ERROR */
+};
+enum color_clean {
+	CLEAN_COLOR_RESET = 0,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT = 2,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER = 3,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HELP = 4,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR = 5,
+};
+
+#define MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON		01
+#define MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE		02
+#define MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY		04
+
+struct menu_opts {
+	const char *header;
+	const char *prompt;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+#define MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP		10
+
+struct menu_item {
+	char hotkey;
+	const char *title;
+	int selected;
+	int (*fn)();
+};
+
+enum menu_stuff_type {
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST = 1,
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM
+};
+
+struct menu_stuff {
+	enum menu_stuff_type type;
+	int nr;
+	void *stuff;
+};
+
+static int parse_clean_color_slot(const char *var)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "reset"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_RESET;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "prompt"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "header"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "help"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HELP;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "error"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "clean", &colopts);
+
+	/* honors the color.interactive* config variables which also
+	   applied in git-add--interactive and git-stash */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.interactive")) {
+		clean_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.interactive.")) {
+		int slot = parse_clean_color_slot(var +
+						  strlen("color.interactive."));
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, clean_colors[slot]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce")) {
 		force = !git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* inspect the color.ui config variable and others */
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static const char *clean_get_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	if (want_color(clean_use_color))
+		return clean_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static void clean_print_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	printf("%s", clean_get_color(ix));
 }
 
 static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -34,29 +148,739 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int remove_dirs(struct strbuf *path, const char *prefix, int force_flag,
+		int dry_run, int quiet, int *dir_gone)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int res = 0, ret = 0, gone = 1, original_len = path->len, len, i;
+	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
+	struct string_list dels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	*dir_gone = 1;
+
+	if ((force_flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
+			!resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
+		if (!quiet) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_skip_git_dir) : _(msg_skip_git_dir),
+					quoted.buf);
+		}
+
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* an empty dir could be removed even if it is unreadble */
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (res) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+		}
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				ret = 1;
+			if (gone) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(path->buf);
+			if (!res) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+
+	if (*dir_gone) {
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (!res)
+			*dir_gone = 1;
+		else {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*dir_gone && !quiet) {
+		for (i = 0; i < dels.nr; i++)
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), dels.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dels, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_dels(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *qname;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&list, qname);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_menus(struct string_list *menu_list)
+{
+	unsigned int local_colopts = 0;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	local_colopts = COL_ENABLED | COL_ROW;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(menu_list, local_colopts, &copts);
+}
+
+static void prompt_help_cmd(int singleton)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(singleton ?
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a numbered item\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "           - (empty) select nothing") :
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a single item\n"
+		    "3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+		    "2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+		    "*          - choose all items\n"
+		    "           - (empty) finish selecting"));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * display menu stuff with number prefix and hotkey highlight
+ */
+static void print_highlight_menu_stuff(struct menu_stuff *stuff, int **chosen)
+{
+	struct string_list menu_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf menu = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i;
+
+	switch (stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_staff when print menu");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			const char *p;
+			int highlighted = 0;
+
+			p = menu_item->title;
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = menu_item->selected ? 1 : 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: ", (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1);
+			for (; *p; p++) {
+				if (!highlighted && *p == menu_item->hotkey) {
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT));
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+					highlighted = 1;
+				} else {
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+				}
+			}
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		i = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(string_list_item, (struct string_list *)stuff->stuff) {
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: %s",
+				    (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1, string_list_item->string);
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+			i++;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	pretty_print_menus(&menu_list);
+
+	strbuf_release(&menu);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&menu_list, 0);
+}
+
+static int find_unique(const char *choice, struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff)
+{
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i, len, found = 0;
+
+	len = strlen(choice);
+	switch (menu_stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when parse choice");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)menu_stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			if (len == 1 && *choice == menu_item->hotkey) {
+				found = i + 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, menu_item->title, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					if (len == 1) {
+						/* continue for hotkey matching */
+						found = -1;
+					} else {
+						found = 0;
+						break;
+					}
+				} else {
+					found = i + 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		string_list_item = ((struct string_list *)menu_stuff->stuff)->items;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, string_list_item++) {
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, string_list_item->string, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					found = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+				found = i + 1;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Parse user input, and return choice(s) for menu (menu_stuff).
+ *
+ * Input
+ *     (for single choice)
+ *         1          - select a numbered item
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *                    - (empty) select nothing
+ *
+ *     (for multiple choice)
+ *         1          - select a single item
+ *         3-5        - select a range of items
+ *         2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *         -...       - unselect specified items
+ *         *          - choose all items
+ *                    - (empty) finish selecting
+ *
+ * The parse result will be saved in array **chosen, and
+ * return number of total selections.
+ */
+static int parse_choice(struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff,
+			int is_single,
+			struct strbuf input,
+			int **chosen)
+{
+	struct strbuf **choice_list, **ptr;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	if (is_single) {
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, '\n', 0);
+	} else {
+		char *p = input.buf;
+		do {
+			if (*p == ',')
+				*p = ' ';
+		} while (*p++);
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, ' ', 0);
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = choice_list; *ptr; ptr++) {
+		char *p;
+		int choose = 1;
+		int bottom = 0, top = 0;
+		int is_range, is_number;
+
+		strbuf_trim(*ptr);
+		if (!(*ptr)->len)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Input that begins with '-'; unchoose */
+		if (*(*ptr)->buf == '-') {
+			choose = 0;
+			strbuf_remove((*ptr), 0, 1);
+		}
+
+		is_range = 0;
+		is_number = 1;
+		for (p = (*ptr)->buf; *p; p++) {
+			if ('-' == *p) {
+				if (!is_range) {
+					is_range = 1;
+					is_number = 0;
+				} else {
+					is_number = 0;
+					is_range = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			} else if (!isdigit(*p)) {
+				is_number = 0;
+				is_range = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (is_number) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			top = bottom;
+		} else if (is_range) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			/* a range can be specified like 5-7 or 5- */
+			if (!*(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1))
+				top = menu_stuff->nr;
+			else
+				top = atoi(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1);
+		} else if (!strcmp((*ptr)->buf, "*")) {
+			bottom = 1;
+			top = menu_stuff->nr;
+		} else {
+			bottom = find_unique((*ptr)->buf, menu_stuff);
+			top = bottom;
+		}
+
+		if (top <= 0 || bottom <= 0 || top > menu_stuff->nr || bottom > top ||
+		    (is_single && bottom != top)) {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("Huh (%s)?"), (*ptr)->buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = bottom; i <= top; i++)
+			(*chosen)[i-1] = choose;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_list_free(choice_list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++)
+		nr += (*chosen)[i];
+	return nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implement a git-add-interactive compatible UI, which is borrowed
+ * from git-add--interactive.perl.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ *
+ *   - Return an array of integers
+ *   - , and it is up to you to free the allocated memory.
+ *   - The array ends with EOF.
+ *   - If user pressed CTRL-D (i.e. EOF), no selection returned.
+ */
+static int *list_and_choose(struct menu_opts *opts, struct menu_stuff *stuff)
+{
+	struct strbuf choice = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int *chosen, *result;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int eof = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	chosen = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * stuff->nr);
+	/* set chosen as uninitialized */
+	for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+		chosen[i] = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (opts->header) {
+			printf_ln("%s%s%s",
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER),
+				  _(opts->header),
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		/* chosen will be initialized by print_highlight_menu_stuff */
+		print_highlight_menu_stuff(stuff, &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY)
+			break;
+
+		if (opts->prompt) {
+			printf("%s%s%s%s",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT),
+			       _(opts->prompt),
+			       opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON ? "> " : ">> ",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		if (strbuf_getline(&choice, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			strbuf_trim(&choice);
+		} else {
+			eof = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* help for prompt */
+		if (!strcmp(choice.buf, "?")) {
+			prompt_help_cmd(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* for a multiple-choice menu, press ENTER (empty) will return back */
+		if (!(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) && !choice.len)
+			break;
+
+		nr = parse_choice(stuff,
+				  opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON,
+				  choice,
+				  &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) {
+			if (nr)
+				break;
+		} else if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (eof) {
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+		*result = EOF;
+	} else {
+		int j = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * recalculate nr, if return back from menu directly with
+		 * default selections.
+		 */
+		if (!nr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+				nr += chosen[i];
+		}
+
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (nr + 1));
+		memset(result, 0, sizeof(int) * (nr + 1));
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr && j < nr; i++) {
+			if (chosen[i])
+				result[j++] = i;
+		}
+		result[j] = EOF;
+	}
+
+	free(chosen);
+	strbuf_release(&choice);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int clean_cmd(void)
+{
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int filter_by_patterns_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **ignore_list;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	int changed = -1, i;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!del_list.nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (changed)
+			pretty_print_dels();
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT);
+		printf(_("Input ignore patterns>> "));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+			strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
+
+		/* quit filter_by_pattern mode if press ENTER or Ctrl-D */
+		if (!confirm.len)
+			break;
+
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "manual exclude");
+		ignore_list = strbuf_split_max(&confirm, ' ', 0);
+
+		for (i = 0; ignore_list[i]; i++) {
+			strbuf_trim(ignore_list[i]);
+			if (!ignore_list[i]->len)
+				continue;
+
+			add_exclude(ignore_list[i]->buf, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
+		}
+
+		changed = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+			int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+			if (is_excluded(&dir, item->string, &dtype)) {
+				*item->string = '\0';
+				changed++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (changed) {
+			string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+		} else {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"), confirm.buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_list_free(ignore_list);
+		clear_directory(&dir);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int select_by_numbers_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+	struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+	struct string_list_item *items;
+	int *chosen;
+	int i, j;
+
+	menu_opts.header = NULL;
+	menu_opts.prompt = N_("Select items to delete");
+	menu_opts.flags = 0;
+
+	menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST;
+	menu_stuff.stuff = &del_list;
+	menu_stuff.nr = del_list.nr;
+
+	chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+	items = del_list.items;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < del_list.nr; i++) {
+		if (i < chosen[j]) {
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		} else if (i == chosen[j]) {
+			/* delete selected item */
+			j++;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			/* end of chosen (chosen[j] == EOF), won't delete */
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	free(chosen);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ask_each_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	const char *qname;
+	int changed = 0, eof = 0;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		/* Ctrl-D should stop removing files */
+		if (!eof) {
+			qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+			printf(_("remove %s? "), qname);
+			if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+				strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+			} else {
+				putchar('\n');
+				eof = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!confirm.len || strncasecmp(confirm.buf, "yes", confirm.len)) {
+			*item->string = '\0';
+			changed++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (changed)
+		string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int quit_cmd(void)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
+	printf_ln(_("Bye."));
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int help_cmd(void)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(_(
+		    "clean               - start cleaning\n"
+		    "filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+		    "select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+		    "ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+		    "quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+		    "help                - this screen\n"
+		    "?                   - help for prompt selection"
+		   ));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void interactive_main_loop(void)
+{
+	while (del_list.nr) {
+		struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+		struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+		struct menu_item menus[] = {
+			{'c', "clean",			0, clean_cmd},
+			{'f', "filter by pattern",	0, filter_by_patterns_cmd},
+			{'s', "select by numbers",	0, select_by_numbers_cmd},
+			{'a', "ask each",		0, ask_each_cmd},
+			{'q', "quit",			0, quit_cmd},
+			{'h', "help",			0, help_cmd},
+		};
+		int *chosen;
+
+		menu_opts.header = N_("*** Commands ***");
+		menu_opts.prompt = N_("What now");
+		menu_opts.flags = MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON;
+
+		menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM;
+		menu_stuff.stuff = menus;
+		menu_stuff.nr = sizeof(menus) / sizeof(struct menu_item);
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER);
+		printf_ln(Q_("Would remove the following item:",
+			     "Would remove the following items:",
+			     del_list.nr));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+
+		pretty_print_dels();
+
+		chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+
+		if (*chosen != EOF) {
+			int ret;
+			ret = menus[*chosen].fn();
+			if (ret != MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP) {
+				free(chosen);
+				chosen = NULL;
+				if (!del_list.nr) {
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+					printf_ln(_("No more files to clean, exiting."));
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+					break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else {
+			quit_cmd();
+		}
+
+		free(chosen);
+		chosen = NULL;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
 int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i;
-	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
-	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+	int i, res;
+	int dry_run = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0, gone = 1;
 	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
-	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
-	static const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 	const char *qname;
-	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print names of files removed")),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactive cleaning")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
 				N_("remove whole directories")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
 		  N_("add <pattern> to ignore rules"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
+		OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
+		OPT_BOOL('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
 				N_("remove only ignored files")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -77,12 +901,12 @@
 	if (ignored && ignored_only)
 		die(_("-x and -X cannot be used together"));
 
-	if (!show_only && !force) {
+	if (!interactive && !dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
-			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 		else
-			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 	}
 
@@ -97,23 +921,23 @@
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
 	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
-		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0,
-			    &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL]);
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-
-	if (pathspec)
-		seen = xmalloc(argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		int len, pos;
 		int matches = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		struct stat st;
+		const char *rel;
 
 		/*
 		 * Remove the '/' at the end that directory
@@ -133,60 +957,69 @@
 				continue; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
 		}
 
+		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+			die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", ent->name);
+
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			matches = match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ent->name,
+						       len, 0, NULL);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_directories || (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
+				rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+				string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (pathspec.nr && !matches)
+				continue;
+			rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+			string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (interactive && del_list.nr > 0)
+		interactive_main_loop();
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (prefix)
+			strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, prefix);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, item->string);
+
 		/*
 		 * we might have removed this as part of earlier
 		 * recursive directory removal, so lstat() here could
 		 * fail with ENOENT.
 		 */
-		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+		if (lstat(abs_path.buf, &st))
 			continue;
 
-		if (pathspec) {
-			memset(seen, 0, argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
-			matches = match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len,
-						 0, seen);
-		}
-
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
-			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
-			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else if (remove_directories ||
-				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
-							   rm_flags) != 0) {
-					warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
-					errors++;
-				}
-			} else if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would not remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else {
-				printf(_("Not removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			strbuf_reset(&directory);
-		} else {
-			if (pathspec && !matches)
-				continue;
-			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-				continue;
-			} else if (!quiet) {
-				printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
-				warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			if (remove_dirs(&abs_path, prefix, rm_flags, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
 				errors++;
+			if (gone && !quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
+			}
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(abs_path.buf);
+			if (res) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), qname);
+				errors++;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
 		}
+		strbuf_reset(&abs_path);
 	}
-	free(seen);
 
-	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	strbuf_release(&abs_path);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&exclude_list, 0);
 	return (errors != 0);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index ec2f75b..cc11104 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connected.h"
 
 /*
  * Overall FIXMEs:
@@ -62,23 +62,22 @@
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&option_verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &option_progress,
 		 N_("force progress reporting")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
-		    N_("don't create a checkout")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
-		N_("create a bare repository"),
-		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
-		    N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
+		 N_("don't create a checkout")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "naked", &option_bare,
+			N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
+		 N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &option_local,
 		N_("to clone from a local repository")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
 		    N_("don't use local hardlinks, always copy")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
+	OPT_BOOL('s', "shared", &option_shared,
 		    N_("setup as shared repository")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
 		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
 		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, N_("template-directory"),
 		   N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
@@ -231,16 +230,26 @@
 static int add_one_reference(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char *ref_git;
+	const char *repo;
 	struct strbuf alternate = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Beware: real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
+	/* Beware: read_gitfile(), real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
 	ref_git = xstrdup(real_path(item->string));
-	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
+
+	repo = read_gitfile(ref_git);
+	if (!repo)
+		repo = read_gitfile(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+	if (repo) {
+		free(ref_git);
+		ref_git = xstrdup(repo);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo && is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
 		char *ref_git_git = mkpathdup("%s/.git", ref_git);
 		free(ref_git);
 		ref_git = ref_git_git;
 	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
-		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."),
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."),
 		    item->string);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&alternate, "%s/objects", ref_git);
@@ -370,16 +379,38 @@
 	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
-		printf(_("done.\n"));
+		fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
 }
 
 static const char *junk_work_tree;
 static const char *junk_git_dir;
 static pid_t junk_pid;
+static enum {
+	JUNK_LEAVE_NONE,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_REPO,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_ALL
+} junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_NONE;
+
+static const char junk_leave_repo_msg[] =
+N_("Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+   "You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+   "and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n");
 
 static void remove_junk(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	switch (junk_mode) {
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_REPO:
+		warning("%s", _(junk_leave_repo_msg));
+		/* fall-through */
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_ALL:
+		return;
+	default:
+		/* proceed to removal */
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
 		return;
 	if (junk_git_dir) {
@@ -461,13 +492,16 @@
 {
 	const struct ref *r;
 
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
 	for (r = local_refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (!r->peer_ref)
 			continue;
 		add_packed_ref(r->peer_ref->name, r->old_sha1);
 	}
 
-	pack_refs(PACK_REFS_ALL);
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
 }
 
 static void write_followtags(const struct ref *refs, const char *msg)
@@ -485,12 +519,46 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip anything missing a peer_ref, which we are not
+	 * actually going to write a ref for.
+	 */
+	while (ref && !ref->peer_ref)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	/* Returning -1 notes "end of list" to the caller. */
+	if (!ref)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
 			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
 			       const char *branch_top,
-			       const char *msg)
+			       const char *msg,
+			       struct transport *transport,
+			       int check_connectivity)
 {
+	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
+
+	if (check_connectivity) {
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Checking connectivity... "));
+		if (check_everything_connected_with_transport(iterate_ref_map,
+							      0, &rm, transport))
+			die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
+	}
+
 	if (refs) {
 		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
 		if (option_single_branch)
@@ -579,7 +647,8 @@
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-	unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to checkout working tree"));
 
 	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
@@ -634,7 +703,7 @@
 			/*
 			 * otherwise, the next "git fetch" will
 			 * simply fetch from HEAD without updating
-			 * any remote tracking branch, which is what
+			 * any remote-tracking branch, which is what
 			 * we want.
 			 */
 		} else {
@@ -704,6 +773,8 @@
 		if (option_origin)
 			die(_("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."),
 			    option_origin);
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."));
 		option_no_checkout = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -722,6 +793,12 @@
 	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
 	if (is_local && option_depth)
 		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+	if (option_local > 0 && !is_local)
+		warning(_("--local is ignored"));
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (option_depth && atoi(option_depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), option_depth);
 
 	if (argc == 2)
 		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
@@ -765,31 +842,24 @@
 	atexit(remove_junk);
 	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
 
-	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
-
 	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
 		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), git_dir);
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 0);
-	if (real_git_dir)
+	if (real_git_dir) {
 		git_dir = real_git_dir;
+		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
+	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity) {
 		if (option_bare)
-			printf(_("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
 		else
-			printf(_("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
 	}
 	init_db(option_template, INIT_DB_QUIET);
 	write_config(&option_config);
 
-	/*
-	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
-	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
-	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
-	 */
-	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
-
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (option_bare) {
@@ -818,24 +888,25 @@
 	remote = remote_get(option_origin);
 	transport = transport_get(remote, remote->url[0]);
 
-	if (!is_local) {
-		if (!transport->get_refs_list || !transport->fetch)
-			die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
+	if (!transport->get_refs_list || (!is_local && !transport->fetch))
+		die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
 
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
 
-		if (option_depth)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
-					     option_depth);
-		if (option_single_branch)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
+	if (option_depth)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
+				     option_depth);
+	if (option_single_branch)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
 
-		transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
 
-		if (option_upload_pack)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
-					     option_upload_pack);
-	}
+	if (option_upload_pack)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
+				     option_upload_pack);
+
+	if (transport->smart_options && !option_depth)
+		transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 
 	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
@@ -876,6 +947,10 @@
 			our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
 	}
 	else {
+		if (option_branch)
+			die(_("Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"),
+					option_branch, option_origin);
+
 		warning(_("You appear to have cloned an empty repository."));
 		mapped_refs = NULL;
 		our_head_points_at = NULL;
@@ -896,19 +971,20 @@
 		transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
 	update_remote_refs(refs, mapped_refs, remote_head_points_at,
-			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf);
+			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf, transport, !is_local);
 
 	update_head(our_head_points_at, remote_head, reflog_msg.buf);
 
 	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_REPO;
 	err = checkout();
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
 	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	strbuf_release(&value);
-	junk_pid = 0;
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index eac901a..f641ff2 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
-static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S<signer>] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
 
 static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 {
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index a17a5df..fedb45a 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -29,14 +29,16 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "sequencer.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
-	N_("git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
-	N_("git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."),
+	N_("git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -62,8 +64,18 @@
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_single[] =
+N_("Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi[] =
+N_("If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n");
 
 static const char *use_message_buffer;
 static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
@@ -103,28 +115,36 @@
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
-static char *cleanup_arg;
+static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
+static int sequencer_in_use;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
 static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-static enum {
+static enum status_format {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_NONE = 0,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
-	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
-} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
+	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
+
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED
+} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
+		if (buf->len)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		strbuf_complete_line(buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -133,14 +153,26 @@
 {
 	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
 		whence = FROM_MERGE;
-	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")))
+	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
 		whence = FROM_CHERRY_PICK;
+		if (file_exists(git_path("sequencer")))
+			sequencer_in_use = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		whence = FROM_COMMIT;
 	if (s)
 		s->whence = whence;
 }
 
+static void status_init_config(struct wt_status *s, config_fn_t fn)
+{
+	wt_status_prepare(s);
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(fn, s);
+	determine_whence(s);
+	s->hints = advice_status_hints; /* must come after git_config() */
+}
+
 static void rollback_index_files(void)
 {
 	switch (commit_style) {
@@ -180,17 +212,15 @@
  * and return the paths that match the given pattern in list.
  */
 static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
-		      const char *prefix, const char **pattern)
+		      const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pattern)
 {
 	int i;
 	char *m;
 
-	if (!pattern)
+	if (!pattern->nr)
 		return 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
-		;
-	m = xcalloc(1, i);
+	m = xcalloc(1, pattern->nr);
 
 	if (with_tree) {
 		char *max_prefix = common_prefix(pattern);
@@ -199,12 +229,12 @@
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
 			continue;
 		item = string_list_insert(list, ce->name);
 		if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
@@ -276,17 +306,17 @@
 {
 	int fd;
 	struct string_list partial;
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *old_index_env = NULL;
 	int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
 
 	if (is_status)
 		refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&pathspec) < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
 	if (interactive) {
@@ -328,9 +358,9 @@
 	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
 	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
 	 */
-	if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
+	if (all || (also && pathspec.nr)) {
 		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
-		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
+		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, &pathspec, 0);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
 		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
@@ -349,7 +379,7 @@
 	 * and create commit from the_index.
 	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
 	 */
-	if (!only && (!pathspec || !*pathspec)) {
+	if (!only && !pathspec.nr) {
 		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		if (active_cache_changed) {
@@ -394,7 +424,7 @@
 
 	memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
 	partial.strdup_strings = 1;
-	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
+	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, &pathspec))
 		exit(1);
 
 	discard_cache();
@@ -454,6 +484,10 @@
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		wt_status_print(s);
 		break;
@@ -522,7 +556,6 @@
 					(lb - strlen(" ") -
 					 (a + strlen("\nauthor "))));
 		email = xmemdupz(lb + strlen("<"), rb - (lb + strlen("<")));
-		date = xmemdupz(rb + strlen("> "), eol - (rb + strlen("> ")));
 		len = eol - (rb + strlen("> "));
 		date = xmalloc(len + 2);
 		*date = '@';
@@ -574,6 +607,7 @@
 	const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
 	int ident_shown = 0;
 	int clean_message_contents = (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE);
+	int old_display_comment_prefix;
 
 	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
 	determine_author_info(author_ident);
@@ -671,6 +705,16 @@
 	if (s->fp == NULL)
 		die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path(commit_editmsg));
 
+	/* Ignore status.displayCommentPrefix: we do need comments in COMMIT_EDITMSG. */
+	old_display_comment_prefix = s->display_comment_prefix;
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Most hints are counter-productive when the commit has
+	 * already started.
+	 */
+	s->hints = 0;
+
 	if (clean_message_contents)
 		stripspace(&sb, 0);
 
@@ -698,7 +742,7 @@
 			previous = eol;
 		}
 
-		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_footer);
+		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_footer, 0);
 	}
 
 	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
@@ -731,15 +775,15 @@
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\nwith '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
-				" message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-				" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-				" yourself if you want to.\n"
-				"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
+				  " Lines starting\n"
+				  "with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				  " yourself if you want to.\n"
+				  "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		if (only_include_assumed)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 					"%s", only_include_assumed);
@@ -753,7 +797,7 @@
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
 				author_ident->buf);
 
-		if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
+		if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given())
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
 				"Committer: %s"),
@@ -796,11 +840,17 @@
 	 */
 	if (!commitable && whence != FROM_MERGE && !allow_empty &&
 	    !(amend && is_a_merge(current_head))) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = old_display_comment_prefix;
 		run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
 		if (amend)
 			fputs(_(empty_amend_advice), stderr);
-		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK) {
 			fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice), stderr);
+			if (!sequencer_in_use)
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_single), stderr);
+			else
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi), stderr);
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -905,6 +955,7 @@
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *av[20];
 	int ac = 0;
 
@@ -915,13 +966,17 @@
 	av[++ac] = buf.buf;
 	av[++ac] = NULL;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
+	revs.mailmap = &mailmap;
+	read_mailmap(revs.mailmap, NULL);
+
 	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
 	commit = get_revision(&revs);
 	if (commit) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%aN <%aE>", &buf, &ctx);
+		clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
 		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 	}
 	die(_("No existing author found with '%s'"), name);
@@ -944,24 +999,50 @@
 
 static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 {
-	const char *out_enc, *out;
+	const char *out_enc;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 	out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, out_enc);
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
-	 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
-	 * This also handles the case where input and output
-	 * encodings are identical.
-	 */
-	if (out == NULL)
-		out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-	return out;
+/*
+ * Enumerate what needs to be propagated when --porcelain
+ * is not in effect here.
+ */
+static struct status_deferred_config {
+	enum status_format status_format;
+	int show_branch;
+} status_deferred_config = {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED,
+	-1 /* unspecified */
+};
+
+static void finalize_deferred_config(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int use_deferred_config = (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN &&
+				   !s->null_termination);
+
+	if (s->null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE ||
+		    status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = status_deferred_config.status_format;
+	if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = status_deferred_config.show_branch;
+	if (s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
@@ -974,6 +1055,7 @@
 	int f = 0;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	finalize_deferred_config(s);
 
 	if (force_author && !strchr(force_author, '>'))
 		force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
@@ -981,7 +1063,7 @@
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
@@ -1034,7 +1116,7 @@
 	if (patch_interactive)
 		interactive = 1;
 
-	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
+	if (also + only + all + interactive > 1)
 		die(_("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."));
 	if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
 		die(_("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."));
@@ -1058,9 +1140,7 @@
 	if (all && argc > 0)
 		die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
 
-	if (s->null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
 		dry_run = 1;
 
 	return argc;
@@ -1112,10 +1192,25 @@
 			s->submodule_summary = -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.short")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT;
+		else
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.branch")) {
+		status_deferred_config.show_branch = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
 		s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.displaycommentprefix")) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
 		int slot = parse_status_slot(k, 13);
 		if (slot < 0)
@@ -1154,19 +1249,22 @@
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
 			    N_("show status concisely"), STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
-			    N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
+			 N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 			    N_("machine-readable output"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
 		  N_("mode"),
 		  N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
-			    N_("show ignored files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
+			 N_("show ignored files")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, N_("when"),
 		  N_("ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
@@ -1177,26 +1275,22 @@
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_status_config);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_status_options,
 			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
 	finalize_colopts(&s.colopts, -1);
-
-	if (s.null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+	finalize_deferred_config(&s);
 
 	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 	if (show_ignored_in_status)
 		s.show_ignored_files = 1;
-	if (*argv)
-		s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&s.pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	read_cache_preload(s.pathspec);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	read_cache_preload(&s.pathspec);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
 	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
 	if (0 <= fd)
@@ -1216,6 +1310,10 @@
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 		wt_porcelain_print(&s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		s.verbose = verbose;
 		s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
@@ -1251,7 +1349,7 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
 	}
-	if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+	if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
 		if (advice_implicit_identity) {
@@ -1306,6 +1404,8 @@
 		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
+		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
 
 	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
 	if (status)
@@ -1313,8 +1413,6 @@
 	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
 }
 
-static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
-
 static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 			    const unsigned char *newsha1)
 {
@@ -1325,10 +1423,10 @@
 	int code;
 	size_t n;
 
-	if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 	argv[1] = "amend";
 	argv[2] = NULL;
 
@@ -1363,42 +1461,43 @@
 		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
 		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
 		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
 		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
 		/* end commit message options */
 
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
 			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
-			    N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
 		/* end commit contents options */
 
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
-		  N_("ok to record an empty change"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
-		  N_("ok to record a change with an empty message"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+				N_("ok to record an empty change")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message,
+				N_("ok to record a change with an empty message")),
 
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -1406,7 +1505,7 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
-	char *nl, *p;
+	char *nl;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
 	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
@@ -1418,10 +1517,8 @@
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_commit_config);
+	status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE; /* Ignore status.short */
 	s.colopts = 0;
 
 	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
@@ -1504,11 +1601,8 @@
 	}
 
 	/* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
-	if (verbose) {
-		p = strstr(sb.buf, "\ndiff --git ");
-		if (p != NULL)
-			strbuf_setlen(&sb, p - sb.buf + 1);
-	}
+	if (verbose)
+		wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(&sb);
 
 	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
 		stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
@@ -1543,7 +1637,7 @@
 					   !current_head
 					   ? NULL
 					   : current_head->object.sha1,
-					   0);
+					   0, NULL);
 
 	nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
 	if (nl)
@@ -1582,7 +1676,7 @@
 		if (cfg) {
 			/* we are amending, so current_head is not NULL */
 			copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
-			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg);
+			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg, "Notes added by 'git commit --amend'");
 		}
 		run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 505bbc7..20e89fe 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
 	N_("git config [options]"),
@@ -15,13 +16,13 @@
 static int use_key_regexp;
 static int do_all;
 static int do_not_match;
-static int seen;
 static char delim = '=';
 static char key_delim = ' ';
 static char term = '\n';
 
 static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
 static const char *given_config_file;
+static const char *given_config_blob;
 static int actions, types;
 static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
 static int end_null;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
 #define ACTION_SET_ALL (1<<12)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLOR (1<<13)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL (1<<14)
+#define ACTION_GET_URLMATCH (1<<15)
 
 #define TYPE_BOOL (1<<0)
 #define TYPE_INT (1<<1)
@@ -50,14 +52,16 @@
 
 static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Config file location")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
 	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "blob", &given_config_blob, N_("blob-id"), N_("read config from given blob object")),
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, N_("get value: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, N_("get all values: key [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_ALL),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, N_("get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-urlmatch", &actions, N_("get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"), ACTION_GET_URLMATCH),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, N_("replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"), ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, N_("add a new variable: name value"), ACTION_ADD),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, N_("remove a variable: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET),
@@ -74,7 +78,7 @@
 	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, N_("value is --bool or --int"), TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, N_("value is a path (file or directory name)"), TYPE_PATH),
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Other")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, N_("respect include directives on lookup")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
@@ -95,30 +99,28 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+struct strbuf_list {
+	struct strbuf *items;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+static int format_config(struct strbuf *buf, const char *key_, const char *value_)
 {
+	int must_free_vptr = 0;
+	int must_print_delim = 0;
 	char value[256];
 	const char *vptr = value;
-	int must_free_vptr = 0;
-	int dup_error = 0;
-	int must_print_delim = 0;
 
-	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
-		return 0;
-	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
-		return 0;
-	if (regexp != NULL &&
-	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
-		return 0;
+	strbuf_init(buf, 0);
 
 	if (show_keys) {
-		printf("%s", key_);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, key_);
 		must_print_delim = 1;
 	}
-	if (seen && !do_all)
-		dup_error = 1;
 	if (types == TYPE_INT)
-		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
+		sprintf(value, "%"PRId64,
+			git_config_int64(key_, value_ ? value_ : ""));
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 		vptr = git_config_bool(key_, value_) ? "true" : "false";
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
@@ -139,42 +141,39 @@
 		vptr = "";
 		must_print_delim = 0;
 	}
-	seen++;
-	if (dup_error) {
-		error("More than one value for the key %s: %s",
-				key_, vptr);
-	}
-	else {
-		if (must_print_delim)
-			printf("%c", key_delim);
-		printf("%s%c", vptr, term);
-	}
-	if (must_free_vptr)
-		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
-		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
-		 * const.
-		*/
-		free((char *)vptr);
 
+	if (must_print_delim)
+		strbuf_addch(buf, key_delim);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, vptr);
+	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
+
+	if (must_free_vptr)
+		free((char *)vptr);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+{
+	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
+
+	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
+		return 0;
+	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (regexp != NULL &&
+	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
+
+	return format_config(&values->items[values->nr++], key_, value_);
+}
+
 static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 {
 	int ret = CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR;
-	char *global = NULL, *xdg = NULL, *repo_config = NULL;
-	const char *system_wide = NULL, *local;
-	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
-	config_fn_t fn;
-	void *data;
-
-	local = given_config_file;
-	if (!local) {
-		local = repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-		if (git_config_system())
-			system_wide = git_etc_gitconfig();
-		home_config_paths(&global, &xdg, "config");
-	}
+	struct strbuf_list values = {NULL};
+	int i;
 
 	if (use_key_regexp) {
 		char *tl;
@@ -196,7 +195,8 @@
 		key_regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(key_regexp, key, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key pattern: %s\n", key_);
-			free(key);
+			free(key_regexp);
+			key_regexp = NULL;
 			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
@@ -216,53 +216,38 @@
 		regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(regexp, regex_, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid pattern: %s\n", regex_);
+			free(regexp);
+			regexp = NULL;
 			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn = show_config;
-	data = NULL;
-	if (respect_includes) {
-		inc.fn = fn;
-		inc.data = data;
-		fn = git_config_include;
-		data = &inc;
+	git_config_with_options(collect_config, &values,
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
+
+	ret = !values.nr;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < values.nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf *buf = values.items + i;
+		if (do_all || i == values.nr - 1)
+			fwrite(buf->buf, 1, buf->len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(buf);
 	}
+	free(values.items);
 
-	if (do_all && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
-	if (do_all && xdg)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, xdg, data);
-	if (do_all && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (do_all)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	git_config_from_parameters(fn, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && xdg)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, xdg, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
-
+free_strings:
 	free(key);
+	if (key_regexp) {
+		regfree(key_regexp);
+		free(key_regexp);
+	}
 	if (regexp) {
 		regfree(regexp);
 		free(regexp);
 	}
 
-	if (do_all)
-		ret = !seen;
-	else
-		ret = (seen == 1) ? 0 : seen > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-
-free_strings:
-	free(repo_config);
-	free(global);
-	free(xdg);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -284,8 +269,8 @@
 	else {
 		normalized = xmalloc(64);
 		if (types == TYPE_INT) {
-			int v = git_config_int(key, value);
-			sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
+			int64_t v = git_config_int64(key, value);
+			sprintf(normalized, "%"PRId64, v);
 		}
 		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 			sprintf(normalized, "%s",
@@ -324,7 +309,8 @@
 	get_color_found = 0;
 	parsed_color[0] = '\0';
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_color_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
 
 	if (!get_color_found && def_color)
 		color_parse(def_color, "command line", parsed_color);
@@ -351,8 +337,10 @@
 {
 	get_colorbool_found = -1;
 	get_diff_color_found = -1;
+	get_color_ui_found = -1;
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				given_config_file, given_config_blob,
+				respect_includes);
 
 	if (get_colorbool_found < 0) {
 		if (!strcmp(get_colorbool_slot, "color.diff"))
@@ -361,6 +349,10 @@
 			get_colorbool_found = get_color_ui_found;
 	}
 
+	if (get_colorbool_found < 0)
+		/* default value if none found in config */
+		get_colorbool_found = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
+
 	get_colorbool_found = want_color(get_colorbool_found);
 
 	if (print) {
@@ -370,6 +362,103 @@
 		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
+static void check_blob_write(void)
+{
+	if (given_config_blob)
+		die("writing config blobs is not supported");
+}
+
+struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value {
+	char value_is_null;
+	struct strbuf value;
+};
+
+static int urlmatch_collect_fn(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list *values = cb;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(values, var);
+	struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+
+	if (!matched) {
+		matched = xmalloc(sizeof(*matched));
+		strbuf_init(&matched->value, 0);
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		strbuf_reset(&matched->value);
+	}
+
+	if (value) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&matched->value, value);
+		matched->value_is_null = 0;
+	} else {
+		matched->value_is_null = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *dup_downcase(const char *string)
+{
+	char *result;
+	size_t len, i;
+
+	len = strlen(string);
+	result = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		result[i] = tolower(string[i]);
+	result[i] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int get_urlmatch(const char *var, const char *url)
+{
+	char *section_tail;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+	struct string_list values = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	config.collect_fn = urlmatch_collect_fn;
+	config.cascade_fn = NULL;
+	config.cb = &values;
+
+	if (!url_normalize(url, &config.url))
+		die("%s", config.url.err);
+
+	config.section = dup_downcase(var);
+	section_tail = strchr(config.section, '.');
+	if (section_tail) {
+		*section_tail = '\0';
+		config.key = section_tail + 1;
+		show_keys = 0;
+	} else {
+		config.key = NULL;
+		show_keys = 1;
+	}
+
+	git_config_with_options(urlmatch_config_entry, &config,
+				given_config_file, NULL, respect_includes);
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &values) {
+		struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+		struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&key, item->string);
+		format_config(&buf, key.buf,
+			      matched->value_is_null ? NULL : matched->value.buf);
+		fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&key);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		strbuf_release(&matched->value);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&config.vars, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&values, 1);
+	free(config.url.url);
+
+	free((void *)config.section);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
@@ -381,7 +470,8 @@
 			     builtin_config_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
-	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
+	    !!given_config_file + !!given_config_blob > 1) {
 		error("only one config file at a time.");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
@@ -401,8 +491,8 @@
 			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
 
-		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK) &&
-		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK))
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
 			given_config_file = xdg_config;
 		else
 			given_config_file = user_config;
@@ -460,6 +550,7 @@
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
 		if (git_config_with_options(show_all_config, NULL,
 					    given_config_file,
+					    given_config_blob,
 					    respect_includes) < 0) {
 			if (given_config_file)
 				die_errno("unable to read config file '%s'",
@@ -472,6 +563,8 @@
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
 		if (!given_config_file && nongit)
 			die("not in a git directory");
+		if (given_config_blob)
+			die("editing blobs is not supported");
 		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 		launch_editor(given_config_file ?
 			      given_config_file : git_path("config"),
@@ -479,6 +572,7 @@
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		ret = git_config_set_in_file(given_config_file, argv[0], value);
@@ -488,18 +582,21 @@
 		return ret;
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_ADD) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], value, "^$", 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REPLACE_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
@@ -521,7 +618,12 @@
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_URLMATCH) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		return get_urlmatch(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		if (argc == 2)
 			return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
@@ -531,12 +633,14 @@
 						      argv[0], NULL);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET_ALL) {
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
 						       argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_RENAME_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
 							argv[0], argv[1]);
@@ -547,6 +651,7 @@
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_blob_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 1);
 		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
 							argv[0], NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index 9afaa88..a7f70cb 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -9,11 +9,22 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
+static unsigned long garbage;
+static off_t size_garbage;
+
+static void real_report_garbage(const char *desc, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (!stat(path, &st))
+		size_garbage += st.st_size;
+	warning("%s: %s", desc, path);
+	garbage++;
+}
+
 static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 			  unsigned long *loose,
 			  off_t *loose_size,
-			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
-			  unsigned long *garbage)
+			  unsigned long *packed_loose)
 {
 	struct dirent *ent;
 	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
@@ -46,9 +57,11 @@
 		}
 		if (bad) {
 			if (verbose) {
-				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
-				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
-				(*garbage)++;
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s",
+					    len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
+				report_garbage("garbage found", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,20 +79,22 @@
 }
 
 static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
-	N_("git count-objects [-v]"),
+	N_("git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, verbose = 0;
+	int i, verbose = 0, human_readable = 0;
 	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(objdir);
 	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
-	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
+	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0;
 	off_t loose_size = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BOOL('H', "human-readable", &human_readable,
+			 N_("print sizes in human readable format")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -87,6 +102,8 @@
 	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
 	if (argc)
 		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage = real_report_garbage;
 	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
 	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
 		path[len++] = '/';
@@ -97,13 +114,16 @@
 		if (!d)
 			continue;
 		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
-			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
+			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose);
 		closedir(d);
 	}
 	if (verbose) {
 		struct packed_git *p;
 		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
 		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		struct strbuf loose_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf pack_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf garbage_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!packed_git)
 			prepare_packed_git();
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
@@ -115,16 +135,40 @@
 			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
 			num_pack++;
 		}
+
+		if (human_readable) {
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&loose_buf, loose_size);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&pack_buf, size_pack);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&garbage_buf, size_garbage);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&loose_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&pack_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_pack / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&garbage_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_garbage / 1024));
+		}
+
 		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
-		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("size: %s\n", loose_buf.buf);
 		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
 		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
-		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("size-pack: %s\n", pack_buf.buf);
 		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
 		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+		printf("size-garbage: %s\n", garbage_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&loose_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&pack_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&garbage_buf);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (human_readable)
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&buf, loose_size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu kilobytes",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("%lu objects, %s\n", loose, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
-	else
-		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
-		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 9fe11ed..6f62109 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "hash.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
-#define SEEN		(1u<<0)
+#define SEEN		(1u << 0)
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	N_("git describe [options] <committish>*"),
+	N_("git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"),
 	N_("git describe [options] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
 static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
 static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
 static int longformat;
+static int first_parent;
 static int abbrev = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int max_candidates = 10;
 static struct hash_table names;
@@ -34,7 +36,6 @@
 	"diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD", "--", NULL
 };
 
-
 struct commit_name {
 	struct commit_name *next;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
@@ -42,8 +43,9 @@
 	unsigned prio:2; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
 	unsigned name_checked:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *path;
+	char *path;
 };
+
 static const char *prio_names[] = {
 	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
 };
@@ -126,51 +128,52 @@
 			} else {
 				e->next = NULL;
 			}
+			e->path = NULL;
 		}
 		e->tag = tag;
 		e->prio = prio;
 		e->name_checked = 0;
 		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-		e->path = path;
+		free(e->path);
+		e->path = xstrdup(path);
 	}
 }
 
 static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+	int is_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	int is_tag, prio;
+	int is_annotated, prio;
 
-	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+	/* Reject anything outside refs/tags/ unless --all */
+	if (!all && !is_tag)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
+	/* Accept only tags that match the pattern, if given */
+	if (pattern && (!is_tag || fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Is it annotated? */
+	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
+		is_annotated = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
 	} else {
 		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
-		is_tag = 0;
+		is_annotated = 0;
 	}
 
-	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
-	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
-	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	/*
+	 * By default, we only use annotated tags, but with --tags
+	 * we fall back to lightweight ones (even without --tags,
+	 * we still remember lightweight ones, only to give hints
+	 * in an error message).  --all allows any refs to be used.
 	 */
-	if (might_be_tag) {
-		if (is_tag)
-			prio = 2;
-		else
-			prio = 1;
-
-		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
-			prio = 0;
-	}
+	if (is_annotated)
+		prio = 2;
+	else if (is_tag)
+		prio = 1;
 	else
 		prio = 0;
 
-	if (!all) {
-		if (!prio)
-			return 0;
-	}
 	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -337,6 +340,9 @@
 				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
+
+			if (first_parent)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -400,11 +406,12 @@
 {
 	int contains = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref in .git/refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag in .git/refs/tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "first-parent", &first_parent, N_("only follow first parent")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
 			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
@@ -412,11 +419,11 @@
 			    N_("consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, N_("pattern"),
 			   N_("only consider tags matching <pattern>")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",        &always,
+			N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
 		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, N_("mark"),
-			   N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
-		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
+			N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -436,24 +443,24 @@
 		die(_("--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"));
 
 	if (contains) {
-		const char **args = xmalloc((7 + argc) * sizeof(char *));
-		int i = 0;
-		args[i++] = "name-rev";
-		args[i++] = "--name-only";
-		args[i++] = "--no-undefined";
+		struct argv_array args;
+
+		argv_array_init(&args);
+		argv_array_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
+				 "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
+				 NULL);
 		if (always)
-			args[i++] = "--always";
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--always");
 		if (!all) {
-			args[i++] = "--tags";
-			if (pattern) {
-				char *s = xmalloc(strlen("--refs=refs/tags/") + strlen(pattern) + 1);
-				sprintf(s, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
-				args[i++] = s;
-			}
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--tags");
+			if (pattern)
+				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
 		}
-		memcpy(args + i, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));
-		args[i + argc] = NULL;
-		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
+		while (*argv) {
+			argv_array_push(&args, *argv);
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return cmd_name_rev(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 	}
 
 	init_hash(&names);
@@ -479,11 +486,10 @@
 		}
 		describe("HEAD", 1);
 	} else if (dirty) {
-		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with committishes"));
+		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"));
 	} else {
-		while (argc-- > 0) {
+		while (argc-- > 0)
 			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
-		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/diff-files.c b/builtin/diff-files.c
index 46085f8..9200069 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-files.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 	    (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
 		rev.combine_merges = rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
-	if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 2eb32bd..ce15b23 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -41,9 +41,13 @@
 	if (rev.pending.nr != 1 ||
 	    rev.max_count != -1 || rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1)
 		usage(diff_cache_usage);
-	if (!cached)
+	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 9650be2..fe0cc7f 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -64,15 +64,18 @@
 
 static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    int argc, const char **argv,
-			    struct blobinfo *blob,
-			    const char *path)
+			    struct blobinfo *blob)
 {
 	/* Blob vs file in the working tree*/
 	struct stat st;
+	const char *path;
 
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+	path = revs->prune_data.items[0].match;
+
 	if (lstat(path, &st))
 		die_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), path);
 	if (!(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)))
@@ -130,8 +133,6 @@
 			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 		argv++; argc--;
 	}
-	if (!cached)
-		setup_work_tree();
 	/*
 	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
 	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
@@ -140,8 +141,14 @@
 	    revs->max_count != -1 || revs->min_age != -1 ||
 	    revs->max_age != -1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
-		perror("read_cache_preload");
+	if (!cached) {
+		setup_work_tree();
+		if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return run_diff_index(revs, cached);
@@ -149,7 +156,8 @@
 
 static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			     int argc, const char **argv,
-			     struct object_array_entry *ent)
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent0,
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent1)
 {
 	const unsigned char *(sha1[2]);
 	int swap = 0;
@@ -157,13 +165,14 @@
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
-	/* We saw two trees, ent[0] and ent[1].
-	 * if ent[1] is uninteresting, they are swapped
+	/*
+	 * We saw two trees, ent0 and ent1.  If ent1 is uninteresting,
+	 * swap them.
 	 */
-	if (ent[1].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+	if (ent1->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		swap = 1;
-	sha1[swap] = ent[0].item->sha1;
-	sha1[1-swap] = ent[1].item->sha1;
+	sha1[swap] = ent0->item->sha1;
+	sha1[1 - swap] = ent1->item->sha1;
 	diff_tree_sha1(sha1[0], sha1[1], "", &revs->diffopt);
 	log_tree_diff_flush(revs);
 	return 0;
@@ -236,7 +245,7 @@
 		revs->combine_merges = revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
 	setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -247,9 +256,8 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct object_array_entry ent[100];
-	int ents = 0, blobs = 0, paths = 0;
-	const char *path = NULL;
+	struct object_array ent = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int blobs = 0, paths = 0;
 	struct blobinfo blob[2];
 	int nongit;
 	int result = 0;
@@ -333,9 +341,9 @@
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *list = rev.pending.objects+i;
-		struct object *obj = list->item;
-		const char *name = list->name;
+		struct object_array_entry *entry = &rev.pending.objects[i];
+		struct object *obj = entry->item;
+		const char *name = entry->name;
 		int flags = (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING);
 		if (!obj->parsed)
 			obj = parse_object(obj->sha1);
@@ -344,38 +352,29 @@
 			die(_("invalid object '%s' given."), name);
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 			obj = &((struct commit *)obj)->tree->object;
+
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(ent) <= ents)
-				die(_("more than %d trees given: '%s'"),
-				    (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ent), name);
 			obj->flags |= flags;
-			ent[ents].item = obj;
-			ent[ents].name = name;
-			ents++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			add_object_array(obj, name, &ent);
+		} else if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			if (2 <= blobs)
 				die(_("more than two blobs given: '%s'"), name);
 			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
 			blob[blobs].name = name;
-			blob[blobs].mode = list->mode;
+			blob[blobs].mode = entry->mode;
 			blobs++;
-			continue;
 
+		} else {
+			die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 		}
-		die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 	}
-	if (rev.prune_data.nr) {
-		if (!path)
-			path = rev.prune_data.items[0].match;
+	if (rev.prune_data.nr)
 		paths += rev.prune_data.nr;
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, do the arguments look reasonable?
 	 */
-	if (!ents) {
+	if (!ent.nr) {
 		switch (blobs) {
 		case 0:
 			result = builtin_diff_files(&rev, argc, argv);
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@
 		case 1:
 			if (paths != 1)
 				usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob, path);
+			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob);
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			if (paths)
@@ -396,41 +395,28 @@
 	}
 	else if (blobs)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	else if (ents == 1)
+	else if (ent.nr == 1)
 		result = builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
-	else if (ents == 2)
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
-	else if (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+	else if (ent.nr == 2)
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0], &ent.objects[1]);
+	else if (ent.objects[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 		/*
 		 * diff A...B where there is at least one merge base
-		 * between A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base,
-		 * ent[ents-2] == A, and ent[ents-1] == B.  Show diff
-		 * between the base and B.  Note that we pick one
-		 * merge base at random if there are more than one.
+		 * between A and B.  We have ent.objects[0] ==
+		 * merge-base, ent.objects[ents-2] == A, and
+		 * ent.objects[ents-1] == B.  Show diff between the
+		 * base and B.  Note that we pick one merge base at
+		 * random if there are more than one.
 		 */
-		ent[1] = ent[ents-1];
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0],
+					   &ent.objects[ent.nr-1]);
 	} else
 		result = builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
-					       ent, ents);
+					       ent.objects, ent.nr);
 	result = diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
 	if (1 < rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch)
 		refresh_index_quietly();
 	return result;
 }
-
-void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code, then either they want --quiet
-	 * or --exit-code. We should definitely not bother with a pager in the
-	 * former case, as we will generate no output. Since we still properly
-	 * report our exit code even when a pager is run, we _could_ run a
-	 * pager with --exit-code. But since we have not done so historically,
-	 * and because it is easy to find people oneline advising "git diff
-	 * --exit-code" in hooks and other scripts, we do not do so.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
-	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
-		setup_pager();
-}
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index 12220ad..78250ea 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@
 };
 
 static int progress;
-static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, WARN_STRIP, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
 static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int use_done_feature;
 static int no_data;
 static int full_tree;
+static struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 				     const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -40,10 +41,12 @@
 		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
 		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn-strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN_STRIP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
 		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
 	else
-		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+		return error("Unknown signed-tags mode: %s", arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -113,12 +116,13 @@
 		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
 }
 
-static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void export_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	struct object *object;
+	int eaten;
 
 	if (no_data)
 		return;
@@ -126,16 +130,18 @@
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return;
 
-	object = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!object)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
-	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+	object = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (object && object->flags & SHOWN)
 		return;
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
 		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (check_sha1_signature(sha1, buf, size, typename(type)) < 0)
+		die("sha1 mismatch in blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	object = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+	if (!object)
+		die("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	mark_next_object(object);
 
@@ -147,7 +153,8 @@
 	show_progress();
 
 	object->flags |= SHOWN;
-	free(buf);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
 }
 
 static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -312,7 +319,7 @@
 	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
 	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
-			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			export_blob(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
 
 	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
 	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
@@ -373,7 +380,7 @@
 	int tagged_mark;
 	struct commit *p;
 
-	/* Trees have no identifer in fast-export output, thus we have no way
+	/* Trees have no identifier in fast-export output, thus we have no way
 	 * to output tags of trees, tags of tags of trees, etc.  Simply omit
 	 * such tags.
 	 */
@@ -416,7 +423,7 @@
 			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
 			case ABORT:
 				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
-				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     "--signed-tags=<mode> to handle it.",
 				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
 			case WARN:
 				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
@@ -424,6 +431,10 @@
 				/* fallthru */
 			case VERBATIM:
 				break;
+			case WARN_STRIP:
+				warning ("Stripping signature from tag %s",
+					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				/* fallthru */
 			case STRIP:
 				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
 				break;
@@ -474,71 +485,85 @@
 	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
 }
 
-static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
-				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static struct commit *get_commit(struct rev_cmdline_entry *e, char *full_name)
 {
-	struct tag *tag;
+	switch (e->item->type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		return (struct commit *)e->item;
+	case OBJ_TAG: {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+
+		/* handle nested tags */
+		while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
+			tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
+		}
+		if (!tag)
+			die("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
+		return (struct commit *)tag;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct rev_cmdline_info *info)
+{
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr; i++) {
+		struct rev_cmdline_entry *e = info->rev + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		struct commit *commit;
 		char *full_name;
 
+		if (e->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+
 		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
 			continue;
 
-		switch (e->item->type) {
-		case OBJ_COMMIT:
-			commit = (struct commit *)e->item;
-			break;
-		case OBJ_TAG:
-			tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
-
-			/* handle nested tags */
-			while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
-				parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
-				tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
-			}
-			if (!tag)
-				die ("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
-			switch(tag->object.type) {
-			case OBJ_COMMIT:
-				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
-				break;
-			case OBJ_BLOB:
-				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				continue;
-			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
-				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
-					typename(tag->object.type));
-				continue;
-			}
-			break;
-		default:
+		commit = get_commit(e, full_name);
+		if (!commit) {
 			warning("%s: Unexpected object of type %s, skipping.",
 				e->name,
 				typename(e->item->type));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (commit->util)
-			/* more than one name for the same object */
-			string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
-		else
+
+		switch(commit->object.type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			export_blob(commit->object.sha1);
+			continue;
+		default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
+			warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
+				typename(commit->object.type));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This ref will not be updated through a commit, lets make
+		 * sure it gets properly updated eventually.
+		 */
+		if (commit->util || commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
+		if (!commit->util)
 			commit->util = full_name;
 	}
 }
 
-static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(void)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = extra_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		const char *name = extra_refs->items[i].string;
-		struct object *object = extra_refs->items[i].util;
+	for (i = extra_refs.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *name = extra_refs.items[i].string;
+		struct object *object = extra_refs.items[i].util;
 		switch (object->type) {
 		case OBJ_TAG:
 			handle_tag(name, (struct tag *)object);
@@ -596,6 +621,8 @@
 		char *line_end, *mark_end;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
 
 		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
 		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
@@ -604,19 +631,30 @@
 
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
 		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
-			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!object)
-			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
+			continue;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("not a commit? can't happen: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		object = &commit->object;
 
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
 			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 		mark_object(object, mark);
-		if (last_idnum < mark)
-			last_idnum = mark;
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
 	}
@@ -627,9 +665,9 @@
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct object_array commits = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	uint32_t lastimportid;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
 			    N_("show progress after <n> objects")),
@@ -643,11 +681,11 @@
 			     N_("Dump marks to this file")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, N_("file"),
 			     N_("Import marks from this file")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
-			     N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			     N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
+			 N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
 			     N_("Use the done feature to terminate the stream")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, N_("Skip output of blob data")),
 		OPT_END()
@@ -673,11 +711,12 @@
 
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
+	lastimportid = last_idnum;
 
 	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data.nr)
 		full_tree = 1;
 
-	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.cmdline);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -693,9 +732,9 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
+	handle_tags_and_duplicates();
 
-	if (export_filename)
+	if (export_filename && lastimportid != last_idnum)
 		export_marks(export_filename);
 
 	if (use_done_feature)
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index e644398..758b5ac 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1,893 +1,30 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "pack.h"
-#include "sideband.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "remote.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-#include "version.h"
-
-static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int unpack_limit = 100;
-static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
-static int no_done;
-static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
-static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
-static int agent_supported;
-static struct fetch_pack_args args = {
-	/* .uploadpack = */ "git-upload-pack",
-};
+#include "connect.h"
 
 static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
 "git fetch-pack [--all] [--stdin] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] "
 "[--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] "
-"[--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
+"[--no-progress] [--diag-url] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
 
-#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
-#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
-#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
-#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
-#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
-
-static int marked;
-
-/*
- * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
- * give up traversing our history.
- */
-#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
-
-static struct commit_list *rev_list;
-static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
-
-static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+static void add_sought_entry_mem(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+				 const char *name, int namelen)
 {
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
-		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + namelen + 1);
 
-		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
-			if (parse_commit(commit))
-				return;
-
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
-
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs++;
-	}
+	memcpy(ref->name, name, namelen);
+	ref->name[namelen] = '\0';
+	(*nr)++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(*sought, *nr, *alloc);
+	(*sought)[*nr - 1] = ref;
 }
 
-static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static void add_sought_entry(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+			     const char *string)
 {
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
-				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
-   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
-   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
-*/
-
-static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
-		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
-{
-	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
-
-		if (!ancestors_only)
-			o->flags |= COMMON;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
-			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *parents;
-
-			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
-				non_common_revs--;
-			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
-				if (parse_commit(commit))
-					return;
-
-			for (parents = commit->parents;
-					parents;
-					parents = parents->next)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
-  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
-*/
-
-static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
-{
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
-
-	while (commit == NULL) {
-		unsigned int mark;
-		struct commit_list *parents;
-
-		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
-			return NULL;
-
-		commit = rev_list->item;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
-		parents = commit->parents;
-
-		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs--;
-
-		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
-			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			commit = NULL;
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
-			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		else
-			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
-			mark = SEEN;
-
-		while (parents) {
-			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
-				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
-			if (mark & COMMON)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
-			parents = parents->next;
-		}
-
-		rev_list = rev_list->next;
-	}
-
-	return commit->object.sha1;
-}
-
-enum ack_type {
-	NAK = 0,
-	ACK,
-	ACK_continue,
-	ACK_common,
-	ACK_ready
-};
-
-static void consume_shallow_list(int fd)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && args.depth > 0) {
-		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
-		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
-		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
-		 */
-		char line[1000];
-		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
-				continue;
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
-				continue;
-			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-struct write_shallow_data {
-	struct strbuf *out;
-	int use_pack_protocol;
-	int count;
-};
-
-static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
-	data->count++;
-	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
-		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
-	else {
-		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
-		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data data;
-	data.out = out;
-	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
-	data.count = 0;
-	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
-	return data.count;
-}
-
-static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
-
-	if (!len)
-		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
-	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
-		return NAK;
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
-			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
-				return ACK_continue;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
-				return ACK_common;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
-				return ACK_ready;
-			return ACK;
-		}
-	}
-	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
-}
-
-static void send_request(int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
-		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		packet_flush(fd);
-	} else
-		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
-}
-
-static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
-#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
-#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
-
-static int next_flush(int count)
-{
-	int flush_limit = args.stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
-
-	if (count < flush_limit)
-		count <<= 1;
-	else
-		count += flush_limit;
-	return count;
-}
-
-static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
-		       struct ref *refs)
-{
-	int fetching;
-	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
-	const unsigned char *sha1;
-	unsigned in_vain = 0;
-	int got_continue = 0;
-	int got_ready = 0;
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t state_len = 0;
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
-		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
-	if (marked)
-		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
-	marked = 1;
-
-	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
-	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
-
-	fetching = 0;
-	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
-		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
-		const char *remote_hex;
-		struct object *o;
-
-		/*
-		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
-		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
-		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
-		 * about.
-		 *
-		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
-		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
-		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
-		 */
-		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
-				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
-		if (!fetching) {
-			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
-			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
-			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
-			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
-			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
-			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
-			if (args.use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
-			if (args.no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
-			if (args.include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
-			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
-			if (agent_supported)    strbuf_addf(&c, " agent=%s",
-							    git_user_agent_sanitized());
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&c);
-		} else
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
-		fetching++;
-	}
-
-	if (!fetching) {
-		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
-	if (args.depth > 0)
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args.depth);
-	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-	state_len = req_buf.len;
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		char line[1024];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
-					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
-				register_shallow(sha1);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
-					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
-				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
-					die("object not found: %s", line);
-				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
-				if (!parse_object(sha1))
-					die("error in object: %s", line);
-				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
-					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
-				continue;
-			}
-			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
-		}
-	} else if (!args.stateless_rpc)
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-
-	if (!args.stateless_rpc) {
-		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
-		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
-		 */
-		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
-		state_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	flushes = 0;
-	retval = -1;
-	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		in_vain++;
-		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
-			int ack;
-
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
-			flushes++;
-			flush_at = next_flush(count);
-
-			/*
-			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
-			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
-			 */
-			if (!args.stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
-				continue;
-
-			consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-			do {
-				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-				if (args.verbose && ack)
-					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
-							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-				switch (ack) {
-				case ACK:
-					flushes = 0;
-					multi_ack = 0;
-					retval = 0;
-					goto done;
-				case ACK_common:
-				case ACK_ready:
-				case ACK_continue: {
-					struct commit *commit =
-						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
-					if (!commit)
-						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-					if (args.stateless_rpc
-					 && ack == ACK_common
-					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-						/* We need to replay the have for this object
-						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
-						 * it is in common with us.
-						 */
-						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
-						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
-						state_len = req_buf.len;
-					}
-					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
-					retval = 0;
-					in_vain = 0;
-					got_continue = 1;
-					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
-						rev_list = NULL;
-						got_ready = 1;
-					}
-					break;
-					}
-				}
-			} while (ack);
-			flushes--;
-			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
-				if (args.verbose)
-					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
-				break; /* give up */
-			}
-		}
-	}
-done:
-	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-	}
-	if (args.verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
-	if (retval != 0) {
-		multi_ack = 0;
-		flushes++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
-		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-		if (ack) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
-					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-			if (ack == ACK)
-				return 0;
-			multi_ack = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		flushes--;
-	}
-	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
-	return count ? retval : 0;
-}
-
-static struct commit_list *complete;
-
-static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-
-	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
-		if (!t->tagged)
-			break; /* broken repository */
-		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
-		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
-	}
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void mark_recent_complete_commits(unsigned long cutoff)
-{
-	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
-		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
-	}
-}
-
-static int non_matching_ref(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
-{
-	if (item->util) {
-		item->util = NULL;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	else
-		return 1;
-}
-
-static void filter_refs(struct ref **refs, struct string_list *sought)
-{
-	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
-	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
-	struct ref *ref, *next;
-	int sought_pos;
-
-	sought_pos = 0;
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
-		int keep = 0;
-		next = ref->next;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
-		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
-			; /* trash */
-		else {
-			while (sought_pos < sought->nr) {
-				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought->items[sought_pos].string);
-				if (cmp < 0)
-					break; /* definitely do not have it */
-				else if (cmp == 0) {
-					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
-					sought->items[sought_pos++].util = "matched";
-					break;
-				}
-				else
-					sought_pos++; /* might have it; keep looking */
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (! keep && args.fetch_all &&
-		    (!args.depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
-			keep = 1;
-
-		if (keep) {
-			*newtail = ref;
-			ref->next = NULL;
-			newtail = &ref->next;
-		} else {
-			free(ref);
-		}
-	}
-
-	filter_string_list(sought, 0, non_matching_ref, NULL);
-	*refs = newlist;
-}
-
-static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, struct string_list *sought)
-{
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int retval;
-	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
-
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
-		if (!o)
-			continue;
-
-		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
-		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
-		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
-		 */
-		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
-				cutoff = commit->date;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!args.depth) {
-		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
-		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
-		if (cutoff)
-			mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
-	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
-	 */
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
-					     NULL, 0);
-
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
-			continue;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
-			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
-
-			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	filter_refs(refs, sought);
-
-	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
-		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
-		unsigned char local[20];
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = lookup_object(remote);
-		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			retval = 0;
-			if (!args.verbose)
-				continue;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-				ref->name);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
-		if (!args.verbose)
-			continue;
-		fprintf(stderr,
-			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-			ref->name);
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *xd = data;
-
-	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int get_pack(int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct async demux;
-	const char *argv[20];
-	char keep_arg[256];
-	char hdr_arg[256];
-	const char **av;
-	int do_keep = args.keep_pack;
-	struct child_process cmd;
-
-	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-	if (use_sideband) {
-		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
-		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
-		 * through demux->out.
-		 */
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = xd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
-			    " demultiplexer");
-	}
-	else
-		demux.out = xd[0];
-
-	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
-	cmd.argv = argv;
-	av = argv;
-	*hdr_arg = 0;
-	if (!args.keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
-		struct pack_header header;
-
-		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
-			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
-		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
-			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
-		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
-			do_keep = 0;
-		else
-			do_keep = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (do_keep) {
-		if (pack_lockfile)
-			cmd.out = -1;
-		*av++ = "index-pack";
-		*av++ = "--stdin";
-		if (!args.quiet && !args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-v";
-		if (args.use_thin_pack)
-			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
-		if (args.lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
-			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
-					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
-			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
-				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
-			*av++ = keep_arg;
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
-		if (args.quiet || args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-q";
-	}
-	if (*hdr_arg)
-		*av++ = hdr_arg;
-	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
-	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
-	    : 0)
-		*av++ = "--strict";
-	*av++ = NULL;
-
-	cmd.in = demux.out;
-	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&cmd))
-		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
-	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
-		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
-		close(cmd.out);
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
-	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
-		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(int fd[2],
-		const struct ref *orig_ref,
-		struct string_list *sought,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *agent_feature;
-	int agent_len;
-
-	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
-		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
-	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
-		multi_ack = 2;
-		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
-			if (args.stateless_rpc)
-				no_done = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
-		multi_ack = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
-		use_sideband = 2;
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	}
-	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
-		args.use_thin_pack = 0;
-	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
-		args.no_progress = 0;
-	if (!server_supports("include-tag"))
-		args.include_tag = 0;
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
-	} else
-		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
-
-	if ((agent_feature = server_feature_value("agent", &agent_len))) {
-		agent_supported = 1;
-		if (args.verbose && agent_len)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server version is %.*s\n",
-				agent_len, agent_feature);
-	}
-
-	if (everything_local(&ref, sought)) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		goto all_done;
-	}
-	if (find_common(fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
-		if (!args.keep_pack)
-			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
-			 * no common commit.
-			 */
-			warning("no common commits");
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-	if (get_pack(fd, pack_lockfile))
-		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
-
- all_done:
-	return ref;
-}
-
-static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
-		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
-		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
-		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-}
-
-static struct lock_file lock;
-
-static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
-{
-	static int did_setup;
-	if (did_setup)
-		return;
-	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
-	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
-	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
-	did_setup = 1;
+	add_sought_entry_mem(sought, nr, alloc, string, strlen(string));
 }
 
 int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -895,14 +32,19 @@
 	int i, ret;
 	struct ref *ref = NULL;
 	const char *dest = NULL;
-	struct string_list sought = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct ref **sought = NULL;
+	int nr_sought = 0, alloc_sought = 0;
 	int fd[2];
 	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
 	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
 	struct child_process *conn;
+	struct fetch_pack_args args;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
 
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.uploadpack = "git-upload-pack";
+
 	for (i = 1; i < argc && *argv[i] == '-'; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
@@ -939,6 +81,10 @@
 			args.stdin_refs = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp("--diag-url", arg)) {
+			args.diag_url = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
 			args.verbose = 1;
 			continue;
@@ -960,6 +106,10 @@
 			pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp("--check-self-contained-and-connected", arg)) {
+			args.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 	}
 
@@ -973,27 +123,24 @@
 	 * refs from the standard input:
 	 */
 	for (; i < argc; i++)
-		string_list_append(&sought, xstrdup(argv[i]));
+		add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, argv[i]);
 	if (args.stdin_refs) {
 		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 			/* in stateless RPC mode we use pkt-line to read
 			 * from stdin, until we get a flush packet
 			 */
-			static char line[1000];
 			for (;;) {
-				int n = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-				if (!n)
+				char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+				if (!line)
 					break;
-				if (line[n-1] == '\n')
-					n--;
-				string_list_append(&sought, xmemdupz(line, n));
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought,  &alloc_sought, line);
 			}
 		}
 		else {
 			/* read from stdin one ref per line, until EOF */
 			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
-				string_list_append(&sought, strbuf_detach(&line, NULL));
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, line.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&line);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1003,24 +150,33 @@
 		fd[0] = 0;
 		fd[1] = 1;
 	} else {
+		int flags = args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0;
+		if (args.diag_url)
+			flags |= CONNECT_DIAG_URL;
 		conn = git_connect(fd, dest, args.uploadpack,
-				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
+				   flags);
+		if (!conn)
+			return args.diag_url ? 0 : 1;
 	}
-
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &ref, 0, NULL);
 
 	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
-			 &sought, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+			 sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile_ptr);
 	if (pack_lockfile) {
 		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
 		fflush(stdout);
 	}
+	if (args.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    args.self_contained_and_connected) {
+		printf("connectivity-ok\n");
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
 	close(fd[0]);
 	close(fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(conn))
 		return 1;
 
-	ret = !ref || sought.nr;
+	ret = !ref;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the heads to pull were given, we should have consumed
@@ -1028,8 +184,13 @@
 	 * remote no-such-ref' would silently succeed without issuing
 	 * an error.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < sought.nr; i++)
-		error("no such remote ref %s", sought.items[i].string);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+		if (!sought[i] || sought[i]->matched)
+			continue;
+		error("no such remote ref %s", sought[i]->name);
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
 	while (ref) {
 		printf("%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
@@ -1038,66 +199,3 @@
 
 	return ret;
 }
-
-struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *my_args,
-		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		       const struct ref *ref,
-		       const char *dest,
-		       struct string_list *sought,
-		       char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	struct ref *ref_cpy;
-
-	fetch_pack_setup();
-	if (&args != my_args)
-		memcpy(&args, my_args, sizeof(args));
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
-			st.st_mtime = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (sought->nr) {
-		sort_string_list(sought);
-		string_list_remove_duplicates(sought, 0);
-	}
-
-	if (!ref) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		die("no matching remote head");
-	}
-	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(fd, ref, sought, pack_lockfile);
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		struct cache_time mtime;
-		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
-		int fd;
-
-		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
-		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
-		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
-			if (mtime.sec)
-				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
-		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
-#endif
-			  )
-			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
-		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
-			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		} else {
-			commit_lock_file(&lock);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sb);
-	}
-
-	reprepare_packed_git();
-	return ref_cpy;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 4b5a898..5bd00d0 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@
 	TAGS_SET = 2
 };
 
-static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
+static int fetch_prune_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok, verbosity;
 static int progress = -1, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
-static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct transport *transport;
+static struct transport *gtransport;
+static struct transport *gsecondary;
 static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
 static const char *recurse_submodules_default;
 
@@ -54,34 +59,46 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
+		fetch_prune_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
-		    N_("fetch from all remotes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
-		    N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
+		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
+		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
 		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
-		    N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		 N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
 		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
 		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+		 N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, N_("on-demand"),
 		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
-		    N_("dry run")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
 		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
 		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unshallow", &unshallow, NULL,
+		   N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1 },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
 		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "recurse-submodules-default",
@@ -92,8 +109,10 @@
 
 static void unlock_pack(void)
 {
-	if (transport)
-		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	if (gtransport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gtransport);
+	if (gsecondary)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary);
 }
 
 static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
@@ -116,7 +135,7 @@
 
 		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
-				rm->merge = 1;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -137,7 +156,7 @@
 		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
 		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
 		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -157,6 +176,8 @@
 	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
 	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
+		struct ref **old_tail;
+
 		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
 			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
@@ -164,9 +185,23 @@
 		}
 		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via command-line
+		 * arguments, take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * counterparts. However, we do not want to mention these
+		 * entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as they would simply be
+		 * duplicates of existing entries.
+		 */
+		old_tail = tail;
+		for (i = 0; i < transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &transport->remote->fetch[i],
+				      &tail, 1);
+		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
 	} else {
 		/* Use the defaults */
 		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
@@ -183,7 +218,7 @@
 					*autotags = 1;
 				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
 				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
-					ref_map->merge = 1;
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			}
 			/*
 			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
@@ -199,7 +234,7 @@
 			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
 			if (!ref_map)
 				die(_("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
-			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			tail = &ref_map->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -227,7 +262,8 @@
 		rla = default_rla.buf;
 	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action);
 	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref->name,
-				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL, 0);
+				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL,
+				       0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
 					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
@@ -386,7 +422,7 @@
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-	int want_merge;
+	int want_status;
 
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
@@ -404,19 +440,22 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * The first pass writes objects to be merged and then the
-	 * second pass writes the rest, in order to allow using
-	 * FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
 	 */
-	for (want_merge = 1; 0 <= want_merge; want_merge--) {
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+			const char *merge_status_marker = "";
 
 			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
 			if (!commit)
-				rm->merge = 0;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
 
-			if (rm->merge != want_merge)
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
 				continue;
 
 			if (rm->peer_ref) {
@@ -462,16 +501,26 @@
 					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
 				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
 			}
-			fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
-				sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
-				rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
-				note.buf);
-			for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
-				if ('\n' == url[i])
-					fputs("\\n", fp);
-				else
-					fputc(url[i], fp);
-			fputc('\n', fp);
+			switch (rm->fetch_head_status) {
+			case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+				merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+				/* fall-through */
+			case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+				fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+					sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
+					merge_status_marker,
+					note.buf);
+				for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+					if ('\n' == url[i])
+						fputs("\\n", fp);
+					else
+						fputc(url[i], fp);
+				fputc('\n', fp);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+				break;
+			}
 
 			strbuf_reset(&note);
 			if (ref) {
@@ -568,7 +617,8 @@
 {
 	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
 	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
-	item->util = (void *)sha1;
+	item->util = xmalloc(20);
+	hashcpy(item->util, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -587,7 +637,7 @@
 			struct ref **head,
 			struct ref ***tail)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
@@ -633,7 +683,7 @@
 		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
 		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
 	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
 
 	/*
 	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
@@ -687,14 +737,56 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
+		    name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	return transport;
+}
+
+static void backfill_tags(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	if (transport->cannot_reuse) {
+		gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote);
+		transport = gsecondary;
+	}
+
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+	fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+
+	if (gsecondary) {
+		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
+		gsecondary = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct ref *ref_map;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+	int retcode = 0;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
 
@@ -710,9 +802,9 @@
 
 	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
-		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
-		if (errcode)
-			return errcode;
+		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
 	}
 
 	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport, refs, ref_count, tags, &autotags);
@@ -721,8 +813,9 @@
 
 	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			peer_item = string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
-						       rm->peer_ref->name);
+			struct string_list_item *peer_item =
+				string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
+						   rm->peer_ref->name);
 			if (peer_item)
 				hashcpy(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1,
 					peer_item->util);
@@ -733,10 +826,14 @@
 		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
 	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
 		free_refs(ref_map);
-		return 1;
+		retcode = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
 	}
 	if (prune) {
-		/* If --tags was specified, pretend the user gave us the canonical tags refspec */
+		/*
+		 * If --tags was specified, pretend that the user gave us
+		 * the canonical tags refspec
+		 */
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET) {
 			const char *tags_str = "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*";
 			struct refspec *tags_refspec, *refspec;
@@ -768,26 +865,14 @@
 		struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 		ref_map = NULL;
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-		if (ref_map) {
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
-			fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
-		}
+		if (ref_map)
+			backfill_tags(transport, ref_map);
 		free_refs(ref_map);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
-	if (r < 0)
-		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
-			name, value, transport->url);
-	if (r > 0)
-		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
-			name, transport->url);
+ cleanup:
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	return retcode;
 }
 
 static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
@@ -845,7 +930,7 @@
 {
 	if (dry_run)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
-	if (prune)
+	if (prune > 0)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--prune");
 	if (update_head_ok)
 		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
@@ -912,14 +997,17 @@
 		die(_("No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 		    "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."));
 
-	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
-	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
-	if (upload_pack)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
-	if (keep)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
-	if (depth)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	gtransport = prepare_transport(remote);
+
+	if (prune < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= gtransport->remote->prune)
+			prune = gtransport->remote->prune;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_config)
+			prune = fetch_prune_config;
+		else
+			prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		int j = 0;
@@ -946,10 +1034,10 @@
 	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
 	atexit(unlock_pack);
 	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(ref_nr, refs);
-	exit_code = do_fetch(transport, refspec, ref_nr);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, refspec, ref_nr);
 	free_refspec(ref_nr, refspec);
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
-	transport = NULL;
+	transport_disconnect(gtransport);
+	gtransport = NULL;
 	return exit_code;
 }
 
@@ -959,6 +1047,9 @@
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
+	static const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
+		"gc", "--auto", NULL,
+	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
 
@@ -967,9 +1058,27 @@
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
 		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", argv[i]);
 
+	git_config(git_fetch_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
 
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"));
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow())
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else {
+			static char inf_depth[12];
+			sprintf(inf_depth, "%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+			depth = inf_depth;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (depth && atoi(depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), depth);
+
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
 		if (recurse_submodules_default) {
 			int arg = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg("--recurse-submodules-default", recurse_submodules_default);
@@ -1026,5 +1135,7 @@
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
+	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index e2e27b2..1c04070 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -232,8 +232,9 @@
 {
 	char *name_buf, *name, *name_end;
 	struct string_list_item *elem;
-	const char *field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
+	const char *field;
 
+	field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
 	name = strstr(commit->buffer, field);
 	if (!name)
 		return;
@@ -286,10 +287,10 @@
 	const char *me;
 
 	if (kind == 'a') {
-		label = "\n# By ";
+		label = "By";
 		me = git_author_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	} else {
-		label = "\n# Via ";
+		label = "Via";
 		me = git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
 	}
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@
 	     (me = skip_prefix(me, them->items->string)) != NULL &&
 	     skip_prefix(me, " <")))
 		return;
-	strbuf_addstr(out, label);
+	strbuf_addf(out, "\n%c %s ", comment_line_char, label);
 	add_people_count(out, them);
 }
 
@@ -323,7 +324,8 @@
 static void shortlog(const char *name,
 		     struct origin_data *origin_data,
 		     struct commit *head,
-		     struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		     struct rev_info *rev,
+		     struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts,
 		     struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
@@ -335,6 +337,7 @@
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = origin_data->sha1;
+	int limit = opts->shortlog_len;
 
 	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
@@ -351,13 +354,15 @@
 
 		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
 			/* do not list a merge but count committer */
-			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
+			if (opts->credit_people)
+				record_person('c', &committers, commit);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!count)
+		if (!count && opts->credit_people)
 			/* the 'tip' committer */
 			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
-		record_person('a', &authors, commit);
+		if (opts->credit_people)
+			record_person('a', &authors, commit);
 		count++;
 		if (subjects.nr > limit)
 			continue;
@@ -372,7 +377,8 @@
 			string_list_append(&subjects, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL));
 	}
 
-	add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
+	if (opts->credit_people)
+		add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
 	if (count > limit)
 		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
 	else
@@ -464,7 +470,7 @@
 	strbuf_complete_line(tagbuf);
 	if (sig->len) {
 		strbuf_addch(tagbuf, '\n');
-		strbuf_add_lines(tagbuf, "# ", sig->buf, sig->len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(tagbuf, sig->buf, sig->len);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@
 
 		if (size == len)
 			; /* merely annotated */
-		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig)) {
+		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig, NULL)) {
 			if (!sig.len)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sig, "gpg verification failed.\n");
 		}
@@ -497,14 +503,18 @@
 		} else {
 			if (tag_number == 2) {
 				struct strbuf tagline = STRBUF_INIT;
-				strbuf_addf(&tagline, "\n# %s\n",
-					    origins.items[first_tag].string);
+				strbuf_addch(&tagline, '\n');
+				strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagline,
+						origins.items[first_tag].string,
+						strlen(origins.items[first_tag].string));
 				strbuf_insert(&tagbuf, 0, tagline.buf,
 					      tagline.len);
 				strbuf_release(&tagline);
 			}
-			strbuf_addf(&tagbuf, "\n# %s\n",
-				    origins.items[i].string);
+			strbuf_addch(&tagbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagbuf,
+					origins.items[i].string,
+					strlen(origins.items[i].string));
 			fmt_tag_signature(&tagbuf, &sig, buf, len);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&sig);
@@ -635,7 +645,7 @@
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string,
 				 origins.items[i].util,
-				 head, &rev, opts->shortlog_len, out);
+				 head, &rev, opts, out);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_complete_line(out);
@@ -690,6 +700,7 @@
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.add_title = !message;
+	opts.credit_people = 1;
 	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
 
 	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output, &opts);
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index 7f059c3..7557aa2 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
  */
 static const char **used_atom;
 static cmp_type *used_atom_type;
-static int used_atom_cnt, sort_atom_limit, need_tagged, need_symref;
+static int used_atom_cnt, need_tagged, need_symref;
 
 /*
  * Used to parse format string and sort specifiers
@@ -205,6 +205,22 @@
 	return buf;
 }
 
+static int grab_objectname(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    struct atom_value *v)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
+		char *s = xmalloc(41);
+		strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		v->s = s;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
+		v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* See grab_values */
 static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
 {
@@ -225,15 +241,8 @@
 			v->ul = sz;
 			v->s = s;
 		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(41);
-			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
-			v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1,
-							  DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-		}
+		else if (deref)
+			grab_objectname(name, obj->sha1, v);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -676,6 +685,8 @@
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
+		else if (!deref && grab_objectname(name, ref->objectname, v))
+			continue;
 		else
 			continue;
 
@@ -867,24 +878,29 @@
 static void print_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, int quote_style)
 {
 	struct atom_value *v;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	get_value(ref, atom, &v);
 	switch (quote_style) {
 	case QUOTE_NONE:
 		fputs(v->s, stdout);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_SHELL:
-		sq_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		sq_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PERL:
-		perl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		perl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
-		python_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		python_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_TCL:
-		tcl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		tcl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	}
+	if (quote_style != QUOTE_NONE) {
+		fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
 }
 
 static int hex1(char ch)
@@ -1021,7 +1037,6 @@
 
 	if (!sort)
 		sort = default_sort();
-	sort_atom_limit = used_atom_cnt;
 
 	/* for warn_ambiguous_refs */
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index bb9a2cd..97ce678 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define REACHABLE 0x0001
 #define SEEN      0x0002
+#define HAS_OBJ   0x0004
 
 static int show_root;
 static int show_tags;
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		return 0;
 	obj->flags |= REACHABLE;
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (parent && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
 			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
 				 typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	add_object_array(obj, (void *) parent, &pending);
+	add_object_array(obj, NULL, &pending);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -127,16 +128,13 @@
 	struct tree *tree = NULL;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-		obj->parsed = 0;
 		tree = (struct tree *)obj;
 		if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
 			return 1; /* error already displayed */
 	}
 	result = fsck_walk(obj, mark_object, obj);
-	if (tree) {
-		free(tree->buffer);
-		tree->buffer = NULL;
-	}
+	if (tree)
+		free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@
 	 * except if it was in a pack-file and we didn't
 	 * do a full fsck
 	 */
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1))
 			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
 		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -306,8 +304,7 @@
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 
-		free(item->buffer);
-		item->buffer = NULL;
+		free_tree_buffer(item);
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -340,6 +337,7 @@
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags |= HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -352,6 +350,7 @@
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags = HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -611,15 +610,15 @@
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, N_("show dangling objects")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
 				N_("write dangling objects in .git/lost-found")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 	OPT_END(),
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 6be6c8d..25f2237 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
 
 #define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
@@ -35,6 +36,21 @@
 static struct argv_array prune = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 static struct argv_array rerere = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
+static char *pidfile;
+
+static void remove_pidfile(void)
+{
+	if (pidfile)
+		unlink(pidfile);
+}
+
+static void remove_pidfile_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_pidfile();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
 static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.packrefs")) {
@@ -167,19 +183,86 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/* return NULL on success, else hostname running the gc */
+static const char *lock_repo_for_gc(int force, pid_t* ret_pid)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	static char locking_host[128];
+	char my_host[128];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	uintmax_t pid;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int fd, should_exit;
+
+	if (pidfile)
+		/* already locked */
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (gethostname(my_host, sizeof(my_host)))
+		strcpy(my_host, "unknown");
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, git_path("gc.pid"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (!force) {
+		fp = fopen(git_path("gc.pid"), "r");
+		memset(locking_host, 0, sizeof(locking_host));
+		should_exit =
+			fp != NULL &&
+			!fstat(fileno(fp), &st) &&
+			/*
+			 * 12 hour limit is very generous as gc should
+			 * never take that long. On the other hand we
+			 * don't really need a strict limit here,
+			 * running gc --auto one day late is not a big
+			 * problem. --force can be used in manual gc
+			 * after the user verifies that no gc is
+			 * running.
+			 */
+			time(NULL) - st.st_mtime <= 12 * 3600 &&
+			fscanf(fp, "%"PRIuMAX" %127c", &pid, locking_host) == 2 &&
+			/* be gentle to concurrent "gc" on remote hosts */
+			(strcmp(locking_host, my_host) || !kill(pid, 0) || errno == EPERM);
+		if (fp != NULL)
+			fclose(fp);
+		if (should_exit) {
+			if (fd >= 0)
+				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			*ret_pid = pid;
+			return locking_host;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s",
+		    (uintmax_t) getpid(), my_host);
+	write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	commit_lock_file(&lock);
+
+	pidfile = git_pathdup("gc.pid");
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_pidfile_on_signal);
+	atexit(remove_pidfile);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int aggressive = 0;
 	int auto_gc = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int force = 0;
+	const char *name;
+	pid_t pid;
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
 			N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "force", &force, N_("force running gc even if there may be another gc running")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -225,6 +308,14 @@
 	} else
 		add_repack_all_option();
 
+	name = lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid);
+	if (name) {
+		if (auto_gc)
+			return 0; /* be quiet on --auto */
+		die(_("gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %"PRIuMAX" (use --force if not)"),
+		    name, (uintmax_t)pid);
+	}
+
 	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 		return error(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
 
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 0e1b6c8..63f8603 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
 	N_("git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
@@ -286,8 +287,7 @@
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
-		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, -1, &pathbuf,
-				    opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 		strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, filename, tree_name_len);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
-		quote_path_relative(filename, -1, &buf, opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename, opt->prefix, &buf);
 	else
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
 	read_cache();
 
 	for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
 		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
@@ -458,10 +458,10 @@
 }
 
 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		       struct object *obj, const char *name)
+		       struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_context *oc)
 {
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
-		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0, NULL);
+		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0, oc ? oc->path : NULL);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree_desc tree;
 		void *data;
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		struct object *real_obj;
 		real_obj = deref_tag(list->objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
-		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name)) {
+		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name, list->objects[i].context)) {
 			hit = 1;
 			if (opt->status_only)
 				break;
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
 	if (exc_std)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec->raw);
+	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = dir.entries[i]->name;
 		int namelen = strlen(name);
@@ -630,7 +630,6 @@
 	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 	struct grep_opt opt;
 	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char **paths = NULL;
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
@@ -639,26 +638,28 @@
 	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
 			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "untracked", &untracked,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
 			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
 			    N_("search also in ignored files"), 1),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
+		OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
 			N_("show non-matching lines")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
 			N_("case insensitive matching")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
+		OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
 			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
 			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
 		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
 			N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
 			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
+			 N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
 		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
 			N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			NULL, 1 },
@@ -676,26 +677,26 @@
 			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
 			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
 			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
 			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
 			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
+		OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
 			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
 			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
 			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
 			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
 			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
 			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
@@ -707,9 +708,9 @@
 			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
 		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
 			context_callback),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
 			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
+		OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
 			N_("show the surrounding function")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
@@ -719,7 +720,7 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
 		  N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
@@ -730,7 +731,7 @@
 		  close_callback },
 		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
 			   N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
 			N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
 		  N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
@@ -739,8 +740,8 @@
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
 			N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
-			    N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
+			 N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 		OPT_END()
@@ -818,12 +819,13 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_context oc;
 		/* Is it a rev? */
-		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die(_("bad object %s"), arg);
-			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
+		if (!get_sha1_with_context(arg, 0, sha1, &oc)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, arg);
+			if (!seen_dashdash)
+				verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
+			add_object_array_with_context(object, arg, &list, xmemdupz(&oc, sizeof(struct object_context)));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
@@ -857,8 +859,10 @@
 			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 	}
 
-	paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
+		       prefix, argv + i);
 	pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
 	pathspec.recursive = 1;
 
diff --git a/builtin/hash-object.c b/builtin/hash-object.c
index 8d184f1..d7fcf4c 100644
--- a/builtin/hash-object.c
+++ b/builtin/hash-object.c
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@
 
 static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
 	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, N_("type"), N_("object type")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, N_("write the object into the object database")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
+	OPT_BOOL('w', NULL, &write_object, N_("write the object into the object database")),
+	OPT_COUNTUP( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
 	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, N_("file"), N_("process file as it were from this path")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index bd86253..f1e236b 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 /*
- * builtin-help.c
- *
  * Builtin help command
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "column.h"
@@ -37,10 +34,12 @@
 static const char *html_path;
 
 static int show_all = 0;
+static int show_guides = 0;
 static unsigned int colopts;
 static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
 static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('g', "guides", &show_guides, N_("print list of useful guides")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, N_("show man page"), HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
 	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, N_("show manual in web browser"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
-	N_("git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"),
+	N_("git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -237,21 +236,21 @@
 
 static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *name = var + 4;
-	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	const char *name, *subkey;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "man", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "path")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, namelen, value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "cmd")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, namelen, value);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -287,23 +286,6 @@
 
 static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
 
-void list_common_cmds_help(void)
-{
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
-			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
-	}
-
-	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
-		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
-		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
-	}
-}
-
 static int is_git_command(const char *s)
 {
 	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
@@ -431,6 +413,37 @@
 	open_html(page_path.buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *help;
+} common_guides[] = {
+	{ "attributes", N_("Defining attributes per path") },
+	{ "glossary", N_("A Git glossary") },
+	{ "ignore", N_("Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore") },
+	{ "modules", N_("Defining submodule properties") },
+	{ "revisions", N_("Specifying revisions and ranges for Git") },
+	{ "tutorial", N_("A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)") },
+	{ "workflows", N_("An overview of recommended workflows with Git") },
+};
+
+static void list_common_guides_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_guides[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_guides[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The common Git guides are:\n"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_guides[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_guides[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_guides[i].help));
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
 int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit;
@@ -446,7 +459,16 @@
 		git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
 		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
 		list_commands(colopts, &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (show_guides)
+		list_common_guides_help();
+
+	if (show_all || show_guides) {
 		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
+		/*
+		* We're done. Ignore any remaining args
+		*/
 		return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index 43d364b..9e9eb4b 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@
 
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
+static int do_fsck_object;
 static int verbose;
+static int show_stat;
+static int check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -108,6 +111,10 @@
 #define work_lock()		lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 #define work_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
 
+static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex;
+#define deepest_delta_lock()	lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+
 static pthread_key_t key;
 
 static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
@@ -130,6 +137,8 @@
 	init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
 	thread_data = xcalloc(nr_threads, sizeof(*thread_data));
 	threads_active = 1;
@@ -143,6 +152,8 @@
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex);
 	pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex);
 	pthread_key_delete(key);
 	free(thread_data);
 }
@@ -158,6 +169,9 @@
 #define work_lock()
 #define work_unlock()
 
+#define deepest_delta_lock()
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()
+
 #endif
 
 
@@ -175,13 +189,13 @@
 
 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
    or it must be already present in the object database */
-static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+static unsigned check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
 		unsigned long size;
@@ -189,17 +203,20 @@
 		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
 			die(_("object of unexpected type"));
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_objects(void)
+static unsigned check_objects(void)
 {
-	unsigned i, max;
+	unsigned i, max, foreign_nr = 0;
 
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
-		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+		foreign_nr += check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+	return foreign_nr;
 }
 
 
@@ -735,8 +752,7 @@
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
-			if (!buf)
-				buf = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
+			assert(data && "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
 
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
@@ -745,7 +761,8 @@
 			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
 			if (!obj)
 				die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type));
-			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+			if (do_fsck_object &&
+			    fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
 				die(_("Error in object"));
 			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
 				die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -753,6 +770,7 @@
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 				struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 				item->buffer = NULL;
+				obj->parsed = 0;
 			}
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 				struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
@@ -833,9 +851,13 @@
 	void *base_data, *delta_data;
 
 	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
-	delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
-	if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
-		deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+	if (show_stat) {
+		delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
+		deepest_delta_lock();
+		if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
+			deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+		deepest_delta_unlock();
+	}
 	delta_obj->base_object_no = base->obj - objects;
 	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
 	base_data = get_base_data(base);
@@ -951,8 +973,10 @@
 	set_thread_data(data);
 	for (;;) {
 		int i;
-		work_lock();
+		counter_lock();
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+		counter_unlock();
+		work_lock();
 		while (nr_dispatched < nr_objects &&
 		       is_delta_type(objects[nr_dispatched].type))
 			nr_dispatched++;
@@ -1099,7 +1123,7 @@
 	if (fix_thin_pack) {
 		struct sha1file *f;
 		unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
-		char msg[48];
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
 		int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
 		if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
@@ -1107,11 +1131,14 @@
 		objects = xrealloc(objects,
 				   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
 				   * sizeof(*objects));
+		memset(objects + nr_objects + 1, 0,
+		       nr_unresolved * sizeof(*objects));
 		f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
 		fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
-		sprintf(msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
-			nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
-		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
+			    nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
 		sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
 		hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
 		fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
@@ -1462,7 +1489,7 @@
 
 int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0, stat = 0;
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0;
 	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
 	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
 	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
@@ -1470,6 +1497,7 @@
 	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
 	struct pack_idx_option opts;
 	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+	unsigned foreign_nr = 1;	/* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
@@ -1491,14 +1519,18 @@
 				fix_thin_pack = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
 				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat-only")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 				stat_only = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
 				keep_msg = "";
@@ -1604,9 +1636,9 @@
 	conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack, curr_pack, pack_sha1);
 	free(deltas);
 	if (strict)
-		check_objects();
+		foreign_nr = check_objects();
 
-	if (stat)
+	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
 
 	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
@@ -1630,5 +1662,11 @@
 	if (index_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
+	 */
+	if (check_self_contained_and_connected && foreign_nr)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 09cf43e..b708517 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 /* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
 static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
@@ -30,15 +33,22 @@
 static int default_show_root = 1;
 static int decoration_style;
 static int decoration_given;
+static int use_mailmap_config;
 static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
 static const char *fmt_pretty;
 
 static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
-	N_("git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n")
+	N_("git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n")
 	N_("   or: git show [options] <object>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+struct line_opt_callback_data {
+	struct rev_info *rev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list args;
+};
+
 static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
@@ -73,6 +83,19 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&data->args, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (fmt_pretty)
@@ -88,22 +111,32 @@
 
 	if (default_date_mode)
 		rev->date_mode = parse_date_format(default_date_mode);
+	rev->diffopt.touched_flags = 0;
 }
 
 static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			 struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
-	int quiet = 0, source = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
+	static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
+			     "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1",
+			     log_line_range_callback),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	line_cb.rev = rev;
+	line_cb.prefix = prefix;
+
+	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
@@ -136,6 +169,11 @@
 	if (source)
 		rev->show_source = 1;
 
+	if (mailmap) {
+		rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
 		/*
 		 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
@@ -151,6 +189,10 @@
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+
+	if (rev->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);
+
 	setup_pager();
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +238,7 @@
 	int i = revs->early_output;
 	int show_header = 1;
 
-	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->sort_order);
 	while (list && i) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -351,7 +393,15 @@
 	}
 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
 		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
+		use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
+	if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -360,6 +410,7 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -386,10 +437,29 @@
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
 
-static int show_blob_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev)
+static int show_blob_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
 {
+	unsigned char sha1c[20];
+	struct object_context obj_context;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+
 	fflush(stdout);
-	return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) ||
+	    !DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1c, &obj_context))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
+	if (!obj_context.path[0] ||
+	    !textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1c, 1, &buf, &size))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		die("git show %s: bad file", obj_name);
+
+	write_or_die(1, buf, size);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int show_tag_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev)
@@ -450,9 +520,10 @@
 	struct pathspec match_all;
 	int i, count, ret = 0;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
@@ -474,7 +545,7 @@
 		const char *name = objects[i].name;
 		switch (o->type) {
 		case OBJ_BLOB:
-			ret = show_blob_object(o->sha1, NULL);
+			ret = show_blob_object(o->sha1, &rev, name);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_TAG: {
 			struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
@@ -530,6 +601,7 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -552,6 +624,7 @@
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -600,6 +673,14 @@
 static int thread;
 static int do_signoff;
 static const char *signature = git_version_string;
+static int config_cover_letter;
+
+enum {
+	COVER_UNSET,
+	COVER_OFF,
+	COVER_ON,
+	COVER_AUTO
+};
 
 static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -661,6 +742,14 @@
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
 		return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -673,7 +762,7 @@
 			 struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 {
 	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
@@ -684,7 +773,12 @@
 			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
 	}
 
-	get_patch_filename(commit, subject, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+	if (rev->numbered_files)
+		strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
+	else if (commit)
+		fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
+	else
+		fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);
 
 	if (!quiet)
 		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
@@ -767,10 +861,37 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i, positive = -1;
+	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
+	const unsigned char *tip_sha1;
+	const char *ref;
+	char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (positive < 0)
+			positive = i;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	if (positive < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
+	tip_sha1 = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1;
+	if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), branch_sha1, &full_ref) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(full_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
+	    !hashcmp(tip_sha1, branch_sha1))
+		branch = xstrdup(full_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	free(full_ref);
+	return branch;
+}
+
 static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
-			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
 			      struct commit *origin,
-			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list,
 			      const char *branch_name,
 			      int quiet)
 {
@@ -784,6 +905,7 @@
 	struct diff_options opts;
 	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
 	struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
+	struct commit *head = list[0];
 
 	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		die(_("Cover letter needs email format"));
@@ -791,7 +913,7 @@
 	committer = git_committer_info(0);
 
 	if (!use_stdout &&
-	    reopen_stdout(NULL, numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
+	    reopen_stdout(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
 		return;
 
 	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.subject, &pp.after_subject,
@@ -801,6 +923,9 @@
 		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
 			need_8bit_cte = 1;
 
+	if (!branch_name)
+		branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);
+
 	msg = body;
 	pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
 	pp.date_mode = DATE_RFC2822;
@@ -1007,33 +1132,19 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+static int from_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	int i, positive = -1;
-	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *branch;
+	char **from = opt->value;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			continue;
-		if (positive < 0)
-			positive = i;
-		else
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	if (positive < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/%s", rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	branch = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, branch_sha1, 1, NULL);
-	if (!branch ||
-	    prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/") ||
-	    hashcmp(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1, branch_sha1))
-		branch = NULL;
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (branch)
-		return xstrdup(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	return NULL;
+	free(*from);
+
+	if (unset)
+		*from = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		*from = xstrdup(arg);
+	else
+		*from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -1045,19 +1156,20 @@
 	int nr = 0, total, i;
 	int use_stdout = 0;
 	int start_number = -1;
-	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int just_numbers = 0;
 	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
-	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int cover_letter = -1;
 	int boundary_count = 0;
 	int no_binary_diff = 0;
-	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL;
 	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
 	struct patch_ids ids;
-	char *add_signoff = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int use_patch_format = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int reroll_count = -1;
 	char *branch_name = NULL;
+	char *from = NULL;
 	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
 			    N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
@@ -1065,17 +1177,19 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
 			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
 			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
 			    N_("generate a cover letter")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
 			    N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
 			    N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
 			    N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
+			    N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
 			    N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
@@ -1085,13 +1199,13 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
 			    N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
-			    N_("don't output binary diffs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
-			    N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
+			 N_("don't output binary diffs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
+			 N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
 		  N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
 			    N_("add email header"), 0, header_callback },
@@ -1099,6 +1213,9 @@
 			    0, to_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"),
 			    0, cc_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "from", &from, N_("ident"),
+			    N_("set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"),
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, from_callback },
 		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
 			    N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
@@ -1113,14 +1230,14 @@
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
 		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
 			    N_("add a signature")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet,
-			    N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
@@ -1148,14 +1265,12 @@
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	if (do_signoff) {
-		const char *committer;
-		const char *endpos;
-		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
-		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
-		if (!endpos)
-			die(_("bogus committer info %s"), committer);
-		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	if (0 < reroll_count) {
+		struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
+			    rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
+		rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
+		rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
@@ -1187,6 +1302,11 @@
 
 	rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
+	if (from) {
+		if (split_ident_line(&rev.from_ident, from, strlen(from)))
+			die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), from);
+	}
+
 	if (start_number < 0)
 		start_number = 1;
 
@@ -1243,28 +1363,36 @@
 	}
 
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		int check_head = 0;
+
 		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
 			/*
 			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
 			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
 			 * does not have.
 			 */
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			const char *ref;
-
 			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
-			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
-			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
-				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
-			else
-				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+			check_head = 1;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
 		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
 		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
 		 */
+
+		if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
+			check_head = 1;
+
+		if (check_head) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *ref;
+			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
+				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+			else
+				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1273,29 +1401,6 @@
 	 */
 	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
 
-	if (cover_letter) {
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK:randomly pick one positive commit to show
-		 * diffstat; this is often the tip and the command
-		 * happens to do the right thing in most cases, but a
-		 * complex command like "--cover-letter a b c ^bottom"
-		 * picks "c" and shows diffstat between bottom..c
-		 * which may not match what the series represents at
-		 * all and totally broken.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
-			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
-				head = (struct commit *)o;
-		}
-		/* There is nothing to show; it is not an error, though. */
-		if (!head)
-			return 0;
-		if (!branch_name)
-			branch_name = find_branch_name(&rev);
-	}
-
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
 		/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 		if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
@@ -1327,28 +1432,38 @@
 		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
 		list[nr - 1] = commit;
 	}
+	if (nr == 0)
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
 	total = nr;
 	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 		numbered = 1;
 	if (numbered)
 		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (cover_letter == -1) {
+		if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
+			cover_letter = (total > 1);
+		else
+			cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
+	}
+
 	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
 		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	if (in_reply_to) {
 		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
 		string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
 	}
-	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
 	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
 	if (cover_letter) {
 		if (thread)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
-		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
-				  origin, nr, list, head, branch_name, quiet);
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
+				  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
 		total++;
 		start_number--;
 	}
-	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;
 	while (0 <= --nr) {
 		int shown;
 		commit = list[nr];
@@ -1390,7 +1505,7 @@
 		}
 
 		if (!use_stdout &&
-		    reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
+		    reopen_stdout(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
 			die(_("Failed to create output files"));
 		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
 		free(commit->buffer);
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index b5434af..e1cf6d8 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int abbrev;
 static int show_deleted;
@@ -30,11 +31,12 @@
 static const char *prefix;
 static int max_prefix_len;
 static int prefix_len;
-static const char **pathspec;
+static struct pathspec pathspec;
 static int error_unmatch;
 static char *ps_matched;
 static const char *with_tree;
 static int exc_given;
+static int exclude_args;
 
 static const char *tag_cached = "";
 static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
@@ -45,10 +47,14 @@
 static const char *tag_skip_worktree = "";
 static const char *tag_resolve_undo = "";
 
-static void write_name(const char* name, size_t len)
+static void write_name(const char *name)
 {
-	write_name_quoted_relative(name, len, prefix, prefix_len, stdout,
-			line_terminator);
+	/*
+	 * With "--full-name", prefix_len=0; this caller needs to pass
+	 * an empty string in that case (a NULL is good for "").
+	 */
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix_len ? prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_terminator);
 }
 
 static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
@@ -58,11 +64,11 @@
 	if (len >= ent->len)
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - directory entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	fputs(tag, stdout);
-	write_name(ent->name, ent->len);
+	write_name(ent->name);
 }
 
 static void show_other_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
@@ -126,14 +132,14 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int len = max_prefix_len;
 
 	if (len >= ce_namelen(ce))
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - cache entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	if (tag && *tag && show_valid_bit &&
@@ -162,13 +168,15 @@
 		       find_unique_abbrev(ce->sha1,abbrev),
 		       ce_stage(ce));
 	}
-	write_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	write_name(ce->name);
 	if (debug_mode) {
-		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_ctime.sec, ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_mtime.sec, ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", ce->ce_dev, ce->ce_ino);
-		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", ce->ce_uid, ce->ce_gid);
-		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", ce->ce_size, ce->ce_flags);
+		const struct stat_data *sd = &ce->ce_stat_data;
+
+		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_ctime.sec, sd->sd_ctime.nsec);
+		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_mtime.sec, sd->sd_mtime.nsec);
+		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", sd->sd_dev, sd->sd_ino);
+		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", sd->sd_uid, sd->sd_gid);
+		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", sd->sd_size, ce->ce_flags);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -187,7 +195,7 @@
 		len = strlen(path);
 		if (len < max_prefix_len)
 			continue; /* outside of the prefix */
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
 			continue; /* uninterested */
 		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 			if (!ui->mode[i])
@@ -195,38 +203,36 @@
 			printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
 			       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
 			       i + 1);
-			write_name(path, len);
+			write_name(path);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static int ce_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *check, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-	return path_excluded(check, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), &dtype);
+	return is_excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype);
 }
 
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct path_exclude_check check;
-
-	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		path_exclude_check_init(&check, dir);
 
 	/* For cached/deleted files we don't need to even do the readdir */
 	if (show_others || show_killed) {
-		fill_directory(dir, pathspec);
+		if (!show_others)
+			dir->flags |= DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY;
+		fill_directory(dir, &pathspec);
 		if (show_others)
 			show_other_files(dir);
 		if (show_killed)
 			show_killed_files(dir);
 	}
-	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
+	if (show_cached || show_stage) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
-			    !ce_excluded(&check, ce))
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
@@ -236,13 +242,13 @@
 				(ce_skip_worktree(ce) ? tag_skip_worktree : tag_cached), ce);
 		}
 	}
-	if (show_deleted | show_modified) {
+	if (show_deleted || show_modified) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			struct stat st;
 			int err;
 			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
-			    !ce_excluded(&check, ce))
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 				continue;
@@ -255,9 +261,6 @@
 				show_ce_entry(tag_modified, ce);
 		}
 	}
-
-	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		path_exclude_check_clear(&check);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -277,7 +280,7 @@
 	last = active_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
 		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, max_prefix_len)) {
 			first = next+1;
 			continue;
@@ -287,21 +290,6 @@
 	active_nr = last;
 }
 
-static void strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules(void)
-{
-	const char **p;
-
-	for (p = pathspec; *p != NULL; p++) {
-		int len = strlen(*p), pos;
-
-		if (len < 1 || (*p)[len - 1] != '/')
-			continue;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(*p, len - 1);
-		if (pos >= 0 && S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode))
-			*p = xstrndup(*p, len - 1);
-	}
-}
-
 /*
  * Read the tree specified with --with-tree option
  * (typically, HEAD) into stage #1 and then
@@ -333,13 +321,12 @@
 	}
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		static const char *(matchbuf[2]);
-		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
-		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, matchbuf);
-		pathspec.items[0].use_wildcard = 0;
+		static const char *(matchbuf[1]);
+		matchbuf[0] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD, prefix, matchbuf);
 	} else
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, NULL);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
 	if (read_tree(tree, 1, &pathspec))
 		die("unable to read tree entries %s", tree_name);
 
@@ -364,15 +351,16 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix)
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched,
+		      const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		      const char *prefix)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
 	 */
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *name;
 	int num, errors = 0;
-	for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++) {
+	for (num = 0; num < pathspec->nr; num++) {
 		int other, found_dup;
 
 		if (ps_matched[num])
@@ -380,13 +368,16 @@
 		/*
 		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
 		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
+		 * FIXME: parse_pathspec should have eliminated
+		 * duplicate pathspec.
 		 */
 		for (found_dup = other = 0;
-		     !found_dup && pathspec[other];
+		     !found_dup && other < pathspec->nr;
 		     other++) {
 			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
 				continue;
-			if (!strcmp(pathspec[other], pathspec[num]))
+			if (!strcmp(pathspec->items[other].original,
+				    pathspec->items[num].original))
 				/*
 				 * Ok, we have a match already.
 				 */
@@ -395,9 +386,8 @@
 		if (found_dup)
 			continue;
 
-		name = quote_path_relative(pathspec[num], -1, &sb, prefix);
 		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
-		      name);
+		      pathspec->items[num].original);
 		errors++;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -420,10 +410,10 @@
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
 	exc_given = 1;
-	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -452,31 +442,33 @@
 
 int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 {
-	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0, i;
 	const char *max_prefix;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
+		OPT_BOOL('t', NULL, &show_tag,
 			N_("identify the file status with tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
+		OPT_BOOL('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
 			N_("use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "cached", &show_cached,
 			N_("show cached files in the output (default)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
 			N_("show deleted files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "modified", &show_modified,
 			N_("show modified files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "others", &show_others,
 			N_("show other files in the output")),
 		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
 			N_("show ignored files in the output"),
 			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "stage", &show_stage,
 			N_("show staged contents' object name in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
+		OPT_BOOL('k', "killed", &show_killed,
 			N_("show files on the filesystem that need to be removed")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
 			N_("show 'other' directories' name only"),
@@ -484,11 +476,11 @@
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
 			N_("don't show empty directories"),
 			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
 			N_("show unmerged files in the output")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
 			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], N_("pattern"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
 			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
@@ -502,12 +494,12 @@
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_len, NULL,
 			N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
 			N_("if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, N_("tree-ish"),
 			N_("pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -525,6 +517,10 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
 			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++) {
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, --exclude_args);
+	}
 	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
 		tag_cached = "H ";
 		tag_unmerged = "M ";
@@ -549,30 +545,25 @@
 	if (require_work_tree && !is_inside_work_tree())
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	/* be nice with submodule paths ending in a slash */
-	if (pathspec)
-		strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules();
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	/* Find common prefix for all pathspec's */
-	max_prefix = common_prefix(pathspec);
+	max_prefix = common_prefix(&pathspec);
 	max_prefix_len = max_prefix ? strlen(max_prefix) : 0;
 
 	/* Treat unmatching pathspec elements as errors */
-	if (pathspec && error_unmatch) {
-		int num;
-		for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++)
-			;
-		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, num);
-	}
+	if (pathspec.nr && error_unmatch)
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pathspec.nr);
 
 	if ((dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exc_given)
 		die("ls-files --ignored needs some exclude pattern");
 
 	/* With no flags, we default to showing the cached files */
-	if (!(show_stage | show_deleted | show_others | show_unmerged |
-	      show_killed | show_modified | show_resolve_undo))
+	if (!(show_stage || show_deleted || show_others || show_unmerged ||
+	      show_killed || show_modified || show_resolve_undo))
 		show_cached = 1;
 
 	if (max_prefix)
@@ -592,7 +583,7 @@
 
 	if (ps_matched) {
 		int bad;
-		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix);
+		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, &pathspec, prefix);
 		if (bad)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Did you forget to 'git add'?\n");
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-tree.c b/builtin/ls-tree.c
index 235c17c..65ec931 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-tree.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 #define LS_RECURSIVE 1
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@
 	if (ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
 		return 1;
 
-	s = pathspec.raw;
+	s = pathspec._raw;
 	if (!s)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -138,9 +139,9 @@
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
 			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			    N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
-			       "(implies --full-name)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			    "(implies --full-name)")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -166,9 +167,17 @@
 	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1));
+	/*
+	 * show_recursive() rolls its own matching code and is
+	 * generally ignorant of 'struct pathspec'. The magic mask
+	 * cannot be lifted until it is converted to use
+	 * match_pathspec_depth() or tree_entry_interesting()
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv + 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
-		pathspec.items[i].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
 	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index 2d43278..06296d4 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -130,6 +130,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int maildir_filename_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (*a && *b) {
+		if (isdigit(*a) && isdigit(*b)) {
+			long int na, nb;
+			na = strtol(a, (char **)&a, 10);
+			nb = strtol(b, (char **)&b, 10);
+			if (na != nb)
+				return na - nb;
+			/* strtol advanced our pointers */
+		}
+		else {
+			if (*a != *b)
+				return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+	}
+	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
 static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
@@ -139,6 +160,8 @@
 	int i;
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
+	list.cmp = maildir_filename_cmp;
+
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-base.c b/builtin/merge-base.c
index 1bc7991..e88eb93 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-base.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-base.c
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@
 	int is_ancestor = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, N_("list revs not reachable from others")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "is-ancestor", &is_ancestor,
-			    N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "octopus", &octopus, N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &reduce, N_("list revs not reachable from others")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "is-ancestor", &is_ancestor,
+			 N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
 	if (!octopus && !reduce && argc < 2)
 		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
-	if (is_ancestor && (show_all | octopus | reduce))
+	if (is_ancestor && (show_all || octopus || reduce))
 		die("--is-ancestor cannot be used with other options");
 	if (is_ancestor)
 		return handle_is_ancestor(argc, argv);
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index c0570f2..844f84f 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int prefixlen = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, N_("use a diff3 based merge"), XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use our version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
diff --git a/builtin/merge-index.c b/builtin/merge-index.c
index 2338832..b416d92 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-index.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-index.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
 	found = 0;
 	do {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		int stage = ce_stage(ce);
 
 		if (strcmp(ce->name, path))
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 	return found;
 }
 
-static void merge_file(const char *path)
+static void merge_one_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		i += merge_entry(i, ce->name)-1;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 			}
 			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
 		}
-		merge_file(arg);
+		merge_one_path(arg);
 	}
 	if (err && !quiet)
 		die("merge program failed");
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 897a563..61cbde4 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
-static int resolve_directories = 1;
 
 struct merge_list {
 	struct merge_list *next;
 	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
 
-	unsigned int stage : 2,
-		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int stage : 2;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 	struct blob *blob;
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@
 	merge_result_end = &entry->next;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base);
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict);
 
 static const char *explanation(struct merge_list *entry)
 {
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@
 	their = NULL;
 	if (entry)
 		their = entry->blob;
-	return merge_file(path, base, our, their, size);
+	return merge_blobs(path, base, our, their, size);
 }
 
 static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
@@ -157,6 +155,11 @@
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 
+static int both_empty(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return !(a->sha1 || b->sha1);
+}
+
 static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 {
 	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
@@ -174,17 +177,17 @@
 	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
 }
 
-static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
 {
 	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
 	const char *path;
 
-	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
-	if (!branch1)
+	/* If it's already ours, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!ours)
 		return;
 
 	path = traverse_path(info, result);
-	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
+	orig = create_entry(2, ours->mode, ours->sha1, path);
 	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
 
 	final->link = orig;
@@ -192,34 +195,35 @@
 	add_merge_entry(final);
 }
 
-static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+static void unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3],
+				 int df_conflict)
 {
 	char *newbase;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 	struct tree_desc t[3];
 	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
 
-	if (!resolve_directories)
-		return 0;
-	p = n;
-	if (!p->mode) {
-		p++;
-		if (!p->mode)
-			p++;
+	for (p = n; p < n + 3; p++) {
+		if (p->mode && S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+			break;
 	}
-	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
-		return 0;
+	if (n + 3 <= p)
+		return; /* there is no tree here */
+
 	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
-	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
-	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
-	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
-	merge_trees(t, newbase);
+
+#define ENTRY_SHA1(e) (((e)->mode && S_ISDIR((e)->mode)) ? (e)->sha1 : NULL)
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 0));
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 1));
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 2));
+#undef ENTRY_SHA1
+
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, newbase, df_conflict);
 
 	free(buf0);
 	free(buf1);
 	free(buf2);
 	free(newbase);
-	return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -242,18 +246,30 @@
 static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+	int i;
+	unsigned dirmask = 0, mask = 0;
 
-	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		mask |= (1 << i);
+		/*
+		 * Treat missing entries as directories so that we return
+		 * after unresolved_directory has handled this.
+		 */
+		if (!n[i].mode || S_ISDIR(n[i].mode))
+			dirmask |= (1 << i);
+	}
+
+	unresolved_directory(info, n, dirmask && (dirmask != mask));
+
+	if (dirmask == mask)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
-	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
-	 * links at the front.
-	 */
-	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+	if (n[2].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[2].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	if (n[1].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[1].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	if (n[0].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[0].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
 
 	add_merge_entry(entry);
 }
@@ -290,40 +306,50 @@
 static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	/* Same in both? */
-	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[0].sha1) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		/* Modified, added or removed identically */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
 		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			/* We did not touch, they modified -- take theirs */
 			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
 			return mask;
 		}
+		/*
+		 * If we did not touch a directory but they made it
+		 * into a file, we fall through and unresolved()
+		 * recurses down.  Likewise for the opposite case.
+		 */
 	}
 
-	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		/* We added, modified or removed, they did not touch -- take ours */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	unresolved(info, entry);
 	return mask;
 }
 
-static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+static void merge_trees_recursive(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base, int df_conflict)
 {
 	struct traverse_info info;
 
 	setup_traverse_info(&info, base);
+	info.data = &df_conflict;
 	info.fn = threeway_callback;
 	traverse_trees(3, t, &info);
 }
 
+static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+{
+	merge_trees_recursive(t, base, 0);
+}
+
 static void *get_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *rev)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 0ec8f0d..41fb66d 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
 };
 
 static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len = -1, squash;
-static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
-static int fast_forward_only, option_edit = -1;
-static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static int option_commit = 1;
+static int option_edit = -1;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message, verify_signatures;
 static int overwrite_ignore = 1;
 static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strategy **use_strategies;
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@
 
 static const char *pull_twohead, *pull_octopus;
 
+enum ff_type {
+	FF_NO,
+	FF_ALLOW,
+	FF_ONLY
+};
+
+static enum ff_type fast_forward = FF_ALLOW;
+
 static int option_parse_message(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -182,23 +190,25 @@
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
 		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
 		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
 	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
 	  N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "squash", &squash,
 		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "commit", &option_commit,
 		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &option_edit,
 		N_("edit message before committing")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
-		N_("allow fast-forward (default)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
-		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "ff", &fast_forward, N_("allow fast-forward (default)"), FF_ALLOW),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "ff-only", &fast_forward, NULL,
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, FF_ONLY },
 	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify-signatures", &verify_signatures,
+		N_("Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature")),
 	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, N_("strategy"),
 		N_("merge strategy to use"), option_parse_strategy),
 	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, N_("option=value"),
@@ -207,12 +217,12 @@
 		N_("merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"),
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
 		N_("abort the current in-progress merge")),
 	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("force progress reporting"), 1),
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key id"),
 	  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -516,6 +526,19 @@
 		strbuf_release(&line);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
+
+	if (remote_head->util) {
+		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
+		desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
+		if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->sha1),
+				    typename(desc->obj->type),
+				    remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
 		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
 cleanup:
@@ -566,10 +589,9 @@
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 		int boolval = git_config_maybe_bool(k, v);
 		if (0 <= boolval) {
-			allow_fast_forward = boolval;
+			fast_forward = boolval ? FF_ALLOW : FF_NO;
 		} else if (v && !strcmp(v, "only")) {
-			allow_fast_forward = 1;
-			fast_forward_only = 1;
+			fast_forward = FF_ONLY;
 		} /* do not barf on values from future versions of git */
 		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.defaulttoupstream")) {
@@ -628,59 +650,6 @@
 		die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
 }
 
-static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	if (commit)
-		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
-	else
-		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
-}
-
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
-{
-	const char **args;
-	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
-	struct commit_list *j;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
-			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
-	args[i++] = buf.buf;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
-		strcpy(s, "--");
-		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
-		args[i++] = s;
-	}
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i++] = "--";
-	args[i++] = head_arg;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i] = NULL;
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	i = 1;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	i += 2;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	free(args);
-	discard_cache();
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
-	resolve_undo_clear();
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 			      struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			      struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
@@ -762,56 +731,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
-{
-	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-
-	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-
-	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-
-	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
-	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-	if (overwrite_ignore) {
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
-		opts.dir = &dir;
-	}
-
-	opts.head_idx = 1;
-	opts.src_index = &the_index;
-	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-	opts.update = 1;
-	opts.verbose_update = 1;
-	opts.merge = 1;
-	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
-	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
-
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
-		parse_tree(trees[i]);
-		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
-	}
-	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
-		return -1;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void split_merge_strategies(const char *string, struct strategy **list,
 				   int *nr, int *alloc)
 {
@@ -891,20 +810,20 @@
 N_("Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
    "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
    "\n"
-   "Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+   "Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
    "the commit.\n");
 
 static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *comment = _(merge_editor_comment);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
 	if (0 < option_edit)
-		strbuf_add_lines(&msg, "# ", comment, strlen(comment));
+		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		 git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
+	if (run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+		     git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL))
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	if (0 < option_edit) {
 		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
 			abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
@@ -951,7 +870,7 @@
 
 	free_commit_list(common);
 	parents = remoteheads;
-	if (!head_subsumed || !allow_fast_forward)
+	if (!head_subsumed || fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		commit_list_insert(head, &parents);
 	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
 	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
@@ -977,7 +896,7 @@
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
@@ -1036,7 +955,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the tracking
+ * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the remote-tracking
  * branch we have for the upstream of the current branch
  */
 static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
@@ -1055,7 +974,7 @@
 	args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
 	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
 		if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
-			die(_("No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"),
+			die(_("No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"),
 			    branch->merge[i]->src, branch->remote_name);
 		args[i] = branch->merge[i]->dst;
 	}
@@ -1096,7 +1015,7 @@
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	if (!allow_fast_forward)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
@@ -1142,7 +1061,8 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
 		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
+			help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+					 "not something we can merge");
 		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
 	}
 	*remotes = NULL;
@@ -1244,14 +1164,11 @@
 		show_diffstat = 0;
 
 	if (squash) {
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."));
 		option_commit = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
-		die(_("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."));
-
 	if (!abort_current_merge) {
 		if (!argc) {
 			if (default_to_upstream)
@@ -1269,7 +1186,7 @@
 	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
 	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
 	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
 	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
 	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
 	 */
@@ -1293,7 +1210,7 @@
 				"empty head"));
 		if (squash)
 			die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 			    "an empty head"));
 		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
@@ -1324,6 +1241,7 @@
 			memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 			opts.add_title = !have_message;
 			opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+			opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
 
 			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
 			if (merge_msg.len)
@@ -1335,6 +1253,39 @@
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
+	if (verify_signatures) {
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit *commit = p->item;
+			char hex[41];
+			struct signature_check signature_check;
+			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+			strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			switch (signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			case 'B':
+				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			default: /* 'N' */
+				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+				       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+			free(signature_check.gpg_output);
+			free(signature_check.gpg_status);
+			free(signature_check.signer);
+			free(signature_check.key);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
 	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", merge_remote_util(p->item)->name);
@@ -1347,11 +1298,11 @@
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 		setenv(buf.buf, merge_remote_util(commit)->name, 1);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		if (!fast_forward_only &&
+		if (fast_forward != FF_ONLY &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit) &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
 	if (option_edit < 0)
@@ -1368,7 +1319,7 @@
 
 	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_FAST_FORWARD)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_TRIVIAL)
 			allow_trivial = 0;
 	}
@@ -1398,7 +1349,7 @@
 		 */
 		finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date.");
 		goto done;
-	} else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
+	} else if (fast_forward != FF_NO && !remoteheads->next &&
 			!common->next &&
 			!hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
 		/* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
@@ -1424,7 +1375,8 @@
 		}
 
 		if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1,
-					  commit->object.sha1)) {
+					  commit->object.sha1,
+					  overwrite_ignore)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			goto done;
 		}
@@ -1444,7 +1396,7 @@
 		 * only one common.
 		 */
 		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-		if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
+		if (allow_trivial && fast_forward != FF_ONLY) {
 			/* See if it is really trivial. */
 			git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 			printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
@@ -1485,7 +1437,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (fast_forward_only)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_ONLY)
 		die(_("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."));
 
 	/* We are going to make a new commit. */
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 034fec9..21c46d1 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -9,14 +9,19 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
 	N_("git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
-				  int count, int base_name)
+#define DUP_BASENAME 1
+#define KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH 2
+
+static const char **internal_copy_pathspec(const char *prefix,
+					   const char **pathspec,
+					   int count, unsigned flags)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char **result = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(const char *));
@@ -25,11 +30,12 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		int length = strlen(result[i]);
 		int to_copy = length;
-		while (to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
+		while (!(flags & KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH) &&
+		       to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
 			to_copy--;
-		if (to_copy != length || base_name) {
+		if (to_copy != length || flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 			char *it = xmemdupz(result[i], to_copy);
-			if (base_name) {
+			if (flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 				result[i] = xstrdup(basename(it));
 				free(it);
 			} else
@@ -53,23 +59,25 @@
 }
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
+#define SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR ((const char *)1)
 
 int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
+	int i, newfd, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force move/rename even if target exists")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
-	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
+	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path, **submodule_gitfile;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
 	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_mv_options,
@@ -81,17 +89,23 @@
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	source = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
+	source = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
 	modes = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(enum update_mode));
-	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+	/*
+	 * Keep trailing slash, needed to let
+	 * "git mv file no-such-dir/" error out.
+	 */
+	dest_path = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1,
+					   KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH);
+	submodule_gitfile = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(char *));
 
 	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
 		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
 			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	} else {
 		if (argc != 1)
 			die("destination '%s' is not a directory", dest_path[0]);
@@ -117,55 +131,70 @@
 				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
 			bad = _("cannot move directory over file");
 		else if (src_is_dir) {
-			const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
-			int len_w_slash = length + 1;
-			int first, last;
+			int first = cache_name_pos(src, length);
+			if (first >= 0) {
+				struct strbuf submodule_dotgit = STRBUF_INIT;
+				if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[first]->ce_mode))
+					die (_("Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"), src);
+				if (!is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+					die (_("Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
+				strbuf_addf(&submodule_dotgit, "%s/.git", src);
+				submodule_gitfile[i] = read_gitfile(submodule_dotgit.buf);
+				if (submodule_gitfile[i])
+					submodule_gitfile[i] = xstrdup(submodule_gitfile[i]);
+				else
+					submodule_gitfile[i] = SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR;
+				strbuf_release(&submodule_dotgit);
+			} else {
+				const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
+				int last, len_w_slash = length + 1;
 
-			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+				modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
 
-			first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
-			if (first >= 0)
-				die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
-						len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
+				first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
+				if (first >= 0)
+					die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
+							len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
 
-			first = -1 - first;
-			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
-				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
-				if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
-					break;
-			}
-			free((char *)src_w_slash);
-
-			if (last - first < 1)
-				bad = _("source directory is empty");
-			else {
-				int j, dst_len;
-
-				if (last - first > 0) {
-					source = xrealloc(source,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					destination = xrealloc(destination,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					modes = xrealloc(modes,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+				first = -1 - first;
+				for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
+					const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
+					if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
+						break;
 				}
+				free((char *)src_w_slash);
 
-				dst = add_slash(dst);
-				dst_len = strlen(dst);
+				if (last - first < 1)
+					bad = _("source directory is empty");
+				else {
+					int j, dst_len;
 
-				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
-					const char *path =
-						active_cache[first + j]->name;
-					source[argc + j] = path;
-					destination[argc + j] =
-						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
-							path + length + 1);
-					modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					if (last - first > 0) {
+						source = xrealloc(source,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(char *));
+						destination = xrealloc(destination,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(char *));
+						modes = xrealloc(modes,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+					}
+
+					dst = add_slash(dst);
+					dst_len = strlen(dst);
+
+					for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
+						const char *path =
+							active_cache[first + j]->name;
+						source[argc + j] = path;
+						destination[argc + j] =
+							prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
+								path + length + 1);
+						modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					}
+					argc += last - first;
 				}
-				argc += last - first;
 			}
 		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
 			bad = _("not under version control");
@@ -185,6 +214,8 @@
 			}
 		} else if (string_list_has_string(&src_for_dst, dst))
 			bad = _("multiple sources for the same target");
+		else if (is_dir_sep(dst[strlen(dst) - 1]))
+			bad = _("destination directory does not exist");
 		else
 			string_list_insert(&src_for_dst, dst);
 
@@ -210,9 +241,16 @@
 		int pos;
 		if (show_only || verbose)
 			printf(_("Renaming %s to %s\n"), src, dst);
-		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
-				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
-			die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX) {
+			if (rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
+				die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+			if (submodule_gitfile[i]) {
+				if (submodule_gitfile[i] != SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR)
+					connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(dst, submodule_gitfile[i]);
+				if (!update_path_in_gitmodules(src, dst))
+					gitmodules_modified = 1;
+			}
+		}
 
 		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
 			continue;
@@ -223,6 +261,9 @@
 			rename_cache_entry_at(pos, dst);
 	}
 
+	if (gitmodules_modified)
+		stage_updated_gitmodules();
+
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
 		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 6238247..20fcf8c 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
 
 #define CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP 86400 /* one day */
 
@@ -82,23 +83,88 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int subpath_matches(const char *path, const char *filter)
+{
+	const char *subpath = path;
+
+	while (subpath) {
+		if (!fnmatch(filter, subpath, 0))
+			return subpath - path;
+		subpath = strchr(subpath, '/');
+		if (subpath)
+			subpath++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char *name_ref_abbrev(const char *refname, int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	if (shorten_unambiguous)
+		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		refname = refname + 11;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/"))
+		refname = refname + 5;
+	return refname;
+}
+
 struct name_ref_data {
 	int tags_only;
 	int name_only;
 	const char *ref_filter;
 };
 
+static struct tip_table {
+	struct tip_table_entry {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *refname;
+	} *table;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	int sorted;
+} tip_table;
+
+static void add_to_tip_table(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *refname,
+			     int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	refname = name_ref_abbrev(refname, shorten_unambiguous);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr + 1, tip_table.alloc);
+	hashcpy(tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].sha1, sha1);
+	tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].refname = xstrdup(refname);
+	tip_table.nr++;
+	tip_table.sorted = 0;
+}
+
+static int tipcmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct tip_table_entry *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
 static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	struct name_ref_data *data = cb_data;
+	int can_abbreviate_output = data->tags_only && data->name_only;
 	int deref = 0;
 
 	if (data->tags_only && prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (data->ref_filter && fnmatch(data->ref_filter, path, 0))
-		return 0;
+	if (data->ref_filter) {
+		switch (subpath_matches(path, data->ref_filter)) {
+		case -1: /* did not match */
+			return 0;
+		case 0:  /* matched fully */
+			break;
+		default: /* matched subpath */
+			can_abbreviate_output = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	add_to_tip_table(sha1, path, can_abbreviate_output);
 
 	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
@@ -110,20 +176,38 @@
 	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/heads/"))
-			path = path + 11;
-		else if (data->tags_only
-		    && data->name_only
-		    && !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
-			path = path + 10;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/"))
-			path = path + 5;
-
+		path = name_ref_abbrev(path, can_abbreviate_output);
 		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), 0, 0, deref);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const unsigned char *nth_tip_table_ent(size_t ix, void *table_)
+{
+	struct tip_table_entry *table = table_;
+	return table[ix].sha1;
+}
+
+static const char *get_exact_ref_match(const struct object *o)
+{
+	int found;
+
+	if (!tip_table.table || !tip_table.nr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!tip_table.sorted) {
+		qsort(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr, sizeof(*tip_table.table),
+		      tipcmp);
+		tip_table.sorted = 1;
+	}
+
+	found = sha1_pos(o->sha1, tip_table.table, tip_table.nr,
+			 nth_tip_table_ent);
+	if (0 <= found)
+		return tip_table.table[found].refname;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /* returns a static buffer */
 static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 {
@@ -132,7 +216,7 @@
 	struct commit *c;
 
 	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return NULL;
+		return get_exact_ref_match(o);
 	c = (struct commit *) o;
 	n = c->util;
 	if (!n)
@@ -223,25 +307,31 @@
 int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_array revs = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
+	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0, peel_tag = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, N_("pattern"),
 				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",     &always,
 			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{
+			/* A Hidden OPT_BOOL */
+			OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "peel-tag", &peel_tag, NULL,
+			N_("dereference tags in the input (internal use)"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1,
+		},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, name_rev_usage, 0);
-	if (!!all + !!transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
+	if (all + transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
 		error("Specify either a list, or --all, not both!");
 		usage_with_options(name_rev_usage, opts);
 	}
@@ -250,7 +340,7 @@
 
 	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct object *o;
+		struct object *object;
 		struct commit *commit;
 
 		if (get_sha1(*argv, sha1)) {
@@ -259,17 +349,34 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), *argv, 0);
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+		commit = NULL;
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (object) {
+			struct object *peeled = deref_tag(object, *argv, 0);
+			if (peeled && peeled->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+				commit = (struct commit *)peeled;
+		}
+
+		if (!object) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get object for %s. Skipping.\n",
 					*argv);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (cutoff > commit->date)
-			cutoff = commit->date;
-		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (cutoff > commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+
+		if (peel_tag) {
+			if (!commit) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+				continue;
+			}
+			object = (struct object *)commit;
+		}
+		add_object_array(object, *argv, &revs);
 	}
 
 	if (cutoff)
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 453457a..d459e23 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
  *
  * Based on git-notes.sh by Johannes Schindelin,
- * and builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
+ * and builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
-
-static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
-static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
 	N_("git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"),
@@ -92,10 +90,7 @@
 };
 
 static const char note_template[] =
-	"\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write/edit the notes for the following object:\n"
-	"#\n";
+	"\nWrite/edit the notes for the following object:\n";
 
 struct msg_arg {
 	int given;
@@ -129,7 +124,7 @@
 		{"show", "--stat", "--no-notes", sha1_to_hex(object), NULL};
 	struct child_process show;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	FILE *show_out;
+	struct strbuf cbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Invoke "git show --stat --no-notes $object" */
 	memset(&show, 0, sizeof(show));
@@ -142,21 +137,14 @@
 		die(_("unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 
-	/* Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used. */
-	show_out = xfdopen(show.out, "r");
-	if (show_out == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("can't fdopen 'show' output fd"));
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, show.out, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read 'show' output"));
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&cbuf, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	write_or_die(fd, cbuf.buf, cbuf.len);
 
-	/* Prepend "# " to each output line and write result to 'fd' */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, show_out, '\n') != EOF) {
-		write_or_die(fd, "# ", 2);
-		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
-		write_or_die(fd, "\n", 1);
-	}
+	strbuf_release(&cbuf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (fclose(show_out))
-		die_errno(_("failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"),
-			  sha1_to_hex(object));
+
 	if (finish_command(&show))
 		die(_("failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
@@ -170,6 +158,7 @@
 
 	if (msg->use_editor || !msg->given) {
 		int fd;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		/* write the template message before editing: */
 		path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
@@ -181,11 +170,16 @@
 			write_or_die(fd, msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len);
 		else if (prev && !append_only)
 			write_note_data(fd, prev);
-		write_or_die(fd, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 
 		write_commented_object(fd, object);
 
 		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&(msg->buf));
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, &(msg->buf), NULL)) {
@@ -291,139 +285,13 @@
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-static void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-
-	if (!t)
-		t = &default_notes_tree;
-	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
-		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
-	if (!t->dirty)
-		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
-
-	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
-	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
-
-	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
-	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
-	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
-{
-	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
-		return combine_notes_overwrite;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
-		return combine_notes_ignore;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
-		return combine_notes_concatenate;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
-		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
-	else
-		return NULL;
-}
-
-static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
-		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
-		if (!v)
-			config_error_nonbool(k);
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
-		if (!c->combine) {
-			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
-			return 1;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
-		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
-		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
-		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
-			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
-		else
-			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
-				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
-	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
-	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-	c->cmd = cmd;
-	c->enabled = 1;
-	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
-	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
-	c->refs_from_env = 0;
-	c->mode_from_env = 0;
-	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
-		c->mode_from_env = 1;
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
-		if (!c->combine)
-			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
-			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
-					rewrite_mode_env);
-	}
-	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
-		c->refs_from_env = 1;
-		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
-	}
-	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
-	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
-		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-		free(c->refs);
-		free(c);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
-	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-	free(c->refs);
-	return c;
-}
-
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
-		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
-	return ret;
-}
-
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
-		commit_notes(c->trees[i], "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
-		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
-	}
-	free(c->trees);
-	free(c);
-}
-
 static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = NULL;
 	struct notes_tree *t = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;
+	const char *msg = "Notes added by 'git notes copy'";
 
 	if (rewrite_cmd) {
 		c = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(rewrite_cmd);
@@ -465,10 +333,10 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!rewrite_cmd) {
-		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
+		commit_notes(t, msg);
 		free_notes(t);
 	} else {
-		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c);
+		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c, msg);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -615,7 +483,7 @@
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, N_("command"),
 			   N_("load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
 			      "--stdin)")),
@@ -871,13 +739,13 @@
 			   N_("resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
 			      "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)")),
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Committing unmerged notes")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
 			N_("finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"),
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Aborting notes merge resolution")),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
 			N_("abort notes merge"),
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -985,7 +853,7 @@
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &flag,
 			N_("attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"),
 			IGNORE_MISSING),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
 			    N_("read object names from the standard input")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 5e14064..36273dd 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -38,17 +38,18 @@
 	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
 	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
 	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
-	unsigned int hash;	/* name hint hash */
 	enum object_type type;
 	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
+	uint32_t hash;			/* name hint hash */
 	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
-	unsigned char preferred_base; /* we do not pack this, but is available
-				       * to be used as the base object to delta
-				       * objects against.
-				       */
-	unsigned char no_try_delta;
-	unsigned char tagged; /* near the very tip of refs */
-	unsigned char filled; /* assigned write-order */
+	unsigned preferred_base:1; /*
+				    * we do not pack this, but is available
+				    * to be used as the base object to delta
+				    * objects against.
+				    */
+	unsigned no_try_delta:1;
+	unsigned tagged:1; /* near the very tip of refs */
+	unsigned filled:1; /* assigned write-order */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -859,9 +860,9 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static unsigned name_hash(const char *name)
+static uint32_t name_hash(const char *name)
 {
-	unsigned c, hash = 0;
+	uint32_t c, hash = 0;
 
 	if (!name)
 		return 0;
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@
 	struct packed_git *p, *found_pack = NULL;
 	off_t found_offset = 0;
 	int ix;
-	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
+	uint32_t hash = name_hash(name);
 
 	ix = nr_objects ? locate_object_entry_hash(sha1) : -1;
 	if (ix >= 0) {
@@ -1809,7 +1810,7 @@
 static void try_to_free_from_threads(size_t size)
 {
 	read_lock();
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 	read_unlock();
 }
 
@@ -2033,7 +2034,6 @@
 
 	if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
 	    !peel_ref(path, peeled)        && /* peelable? */
-	    !is_null_sha1(peeled)          && /* annotated tag? */
 	    locate_object_entry(peeled))      /* object packed? */
 		add_object_entry(sha1, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
 	return 0;
@@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
 
 	if (keep_unreachable)
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index b5a0f88..b20b1ec 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
 	N_("git pack-refs [options]"),
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index 83382c1..fa6ce42 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define DRY_RUN 01
-#define VERBOSE 02
-
 static struct progress *progress;
 
 static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@
 		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
+		if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN)
 			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
 		else
 			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@
 	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(dir);
 
-	if (opts == VERBOSE)
+	if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE)
 		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
 			256, 95, 2);
 
@@ -71,10 +68,12 @@
 
 int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"), DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"), VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"),
+			PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"),
+			   PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 8cb8b91..6366917 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@
 		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
-		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
@@ -149,9 +149,7 @@
 		const char *name = *argv++;
 
 		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, name);
 			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
 		}
 		else
@@ -167,7 +165,7 @@
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
 
-	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only ? PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN : 0);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
 	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index db9ba30..7b1b66c 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static int thin;
+static int thin = 1;
 static int deleterefs;
 static const char *receivepack;
 static int verbosity;
 static int progress = -1;
 
+static struct push_cas_option cas;
+
 static const char **refspec;
 static int refspec_nr;
 static int refspec_alloc;
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@
 	if (!short_upstream)
 		short_upstream = branch->merge[0]->src;
 	/*
-	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitely set
+	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitly set
 	 * push.default.
 	 */
 	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED)
@@ -113,17 +115,20 @@
 	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
 }
 
-static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, int simple)
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
+static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch,
+				int triangular)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
 	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
@@ -135,18 +140,29 @@
 	if (branch->merge_nr != 1)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, "
 		    "refusing to push."), branch->name);
-	if (strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name))
+	if (triangular)
 		die(_("You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
 		      "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 		      "to update which remote branch."),
 		    remote->name, branch->name);
-	if (simple && strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
-		die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE) {
+		/* Additional safety */
+		if (strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
+			die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&refspec, "%s:%s", branch->name, branch->merge[0]->src);
 	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
 }
 
+static void setup_push_current(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch)
+{
+	if (!branch)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	add_refspec(branch->name);
+}
+
 static char warn_unspecified_push_default_msg[] =
 N_("push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
    "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -171,8 +187,17 @@
 	warning("%s\n", _(warn_unspecified_push_default_msg));
 }
 
+static int is_workflow_triangular(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct remote *fetch_remote = remote_get(NULL);
+	return (fetch_remote && fetch_remote != remote);
+}
+
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	int triangular = is_workflow_triangular(remote);
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
@@ -184,15 +209,18 @@
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote, 1);
+		if (triangular)
+			setup_push_current(remote, branch);
+		else
+			setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote, 0);
+		setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		setup_push_current(remote, branch);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
@@ -204,8 +232,8 @@
 
 static const char message_advice_pull_before_push[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-	   "its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-	   "before pushing again.\n"
+	   "its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+	   "'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
 static const char message_advice_use_upstream[] =
@@ -216,48 +244,90 @@
 
 static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
 	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-	   "(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
+
 static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_pull_before_push));
 }
 
 static void advise_use_upstream(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_default || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_use_upstream));
 }
 
 static void advise_checkout_pull_push(void)
 {
-	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_nonfastforward)
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_update_rejected)
 		return;
 	advise(_(message_advice_checkout_pull_push));
 }
 
+static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_already_exists || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
-	int nonfastforward;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 
 	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
 
 	if (receivepack)
 		transport_set_option(transport,
 				     TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK, receivepack);
-	if (thin)
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, thin ? "yes" : NULL);
+
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas)) {
+		if (!transport->smart_options)
+			die("underlying transport does not support --%s option",
+			    CAS_OPT_NAME);
+		transport->smart_options->cas = &cas;
+	}
 
 	if (verbosity > 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Pushing to %s\n"), transport->url);
 	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
-			     &nonfastforward);
+			     &reject_reasons);
 	if (err != 0)
 		error(_("failed to push some refs to '%s'"), transport->url);
 
@@ -265,18 +335,19 @@
 	if (!err)
 		return 0;
 
-	switch (nonfastforward) {
-	default:
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_HEAD:
+	if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD) {
 		advise_pull_before_push();
-		break;
-	case NON_FF_OTHER:
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER) {
 		if (default_matching_used)
 			advise_use_upstream();
 		else
 			advise_checkout_pull_push();
-		break;
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -285,7 +356,7 @@
 static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 {
 	int i, errs;
-	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	struct remote *remote = pushremote_get(repo);
 	const char **url;
 	int url_nr;
 
@@ -383,15 +454,19 @@
 		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, N_("push all refs"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
 		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, N_("mirror all refs"),
 			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
 		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, N_("dry run"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
 		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, N_("machine-readable output"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
 		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, N_("force updates"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, CAS_OPT_NAME, &cas, N_("refname>:<expect"),
+		  N_("require old value of ref to be at this value"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_push_cas_option },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, N_("check"),
 			N_("control recursive pushing of submodules"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
 		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
 		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
 		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, N_("set upstream for git pull/status"),
@@ -399,6 +474,9 @@
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune locally removed refs"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "no-verify", &flags, N_("bypass pre-push hook"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "follow-tags", &flags, N_("push missing but relevant tags"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index 042ac1b..0d7ef84 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void debug_stage(const char *label, const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	printf("%s ", label);
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@
 		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 }
 
-static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int debug_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@
 
 	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
 		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
-	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
+	if ((opts.update || opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
 		die("%s is meaningless without -m, --reset, or --prefix",
 		    opts.update ? "-u" : "-i");
 	if ((opts.dir && !opts.update))
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index ff781fe..67ce1ef 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
 static int auto_update_server_info;
 static int auto_gc = 1;
+static int fix_thin = 1;
 static const char *head_name;
 static void *head_name_to_free;
 static int sent_capabilities;
@@ -59,6 +61,11 @@
 
 static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	int status = parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "receive");
+
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
 		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -119,6 +126,9 @@
 
 static void show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
+	if (ref_is_hidden(path))
+		return;
+
 	if (sent_capabilities)
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
 	else
@@ -182,9 +192,6 @@
 	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
-static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
-
 static void rp_error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 static void rp_warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
@@ -242,10 +249,10 @@
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook(hook_name);
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = hook_name;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 
 	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
@@ -331,15 +338,14 @@
 
 static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
 {
-	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
 	const char *argv[5];
 	struct child_process proc;
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("update");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = update_hook;
 	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
 	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
 	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
@@ -520,7 +526,8 @@
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 	else {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0);
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1,
+					       0, NULL);
 		if (!lock) {
 			rp_error("failed to lock %s", name);
 			return "failed to lock";
@@ -532,24 +539,25 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
-
 static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int argc;
 	const char **argv;
 	struct child_process proc;
+	char *hook;
 
+	hook = find_hook("post-update");
 	for (argc = 0, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
 		argc++;
 	}
-	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	if (!argc || !hook)
 		return;
+
 	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
-	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
+	argv[0] = hook;
 
 	for (argc = 1, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		char *p;
@@ -688,6 +696,20 @@
 	return -1; /* end of list */
 }
 
+static void reject_updates_to_hidden(struct command *commands)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (cmd->error_string || !ref_is_hidden(cmd->ref_name))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			cmd->error_string = "deny deleting a hidden ref";
+		else
+			cmd->error_string = "deny updating a hidden ref";
+	}
+}
+
 static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_error)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
@@ -704,7 +726,9 @@
 				       0, &cmd))
 		set_connectivity_errors(commands);
 
-	if (run_receive_hook(commands, pre_receive_hook, 0)) {
+	reject_updates_to_hidden(commands);
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(commands, "pre-receive", 0)) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 			if (!cmd->error_string)
 				cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
@@ -733,17 +757,15 @@
 	struct command *commands = NULL;
 	struct command **p = &commands;
 	for (;;) {
-		static char line[1000];
+		char *line;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
 		struct command *cmd;
 		char *refname;
 		int len, reflen;
 
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		line = packet_read_line(0, &len);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-			line[--len] = 0;
 		if (len < 83 ||
 		    line[40] != ' ' ||
 		    line[81] != ' ' ||
@@ -807,8 +829,11 @@
 			    : 0);
 
 	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err)
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
 		return hdr_err;
+	}
 	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
 			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
 			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
@@ -847,7 +872,8 @@
 		keeper[i++] = "--stdin";
 		if (fsck_objects)
 			keeper[i++] = "--strict";
-		keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
+		if (fix_thin)
+			keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
 		keeper[i++] = hdr_arg;
 		keeper[i++] = keep_arg;
 		keeper[i++] = NULL;
@@ -911,7 +937,7 @@
 	if (use_sideband)
 		send_sideband(1, 1, buf.buf, buf.len, use_sideband);
 	else
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -953,6 +979,10 @@
 				stateless_rpc = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--reject-thin-pack-for-testing")) {
+				fix_thin = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
 
 			usage(receive_pack_usage);
 		}
@@ -994,7 +1024,7 @@
 			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
 		if (report_status)
 			report(commands, unpack_status);
-		run_receive_hook(commands, post_receive_hook, 1);
+		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1);
 		run_update_post_hook(commands);
 		if (auto_gc) {
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index b3c9e27..6eb24c8 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@
 			complete = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 
 	if (complete)
 		tree->object.flags |= SEEN;
@@ -366,7 +365,7 @@
 	 * we take the lock for the ref itself to prevent it from
 	 * getting updated.
 	 */
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
 	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", ref);
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@
 		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
 			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
+				clear_commit_marks(elem->item, REACHABLE);
 			free_commit_list(tips);
 		} else {
 			clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
@@ -496,11 +495,9 @@
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
-		*expire = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	if (parse_expiry_date(value, expire))
+		return error(_("%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"),
+			     value, var);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -510,26 +507,27 @@
 
 static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	const char *pattern, *key;
+	int pattern_len;
 	unsigned long expire;
 	int slot;
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
 
-	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "gc", &pattern, &pattern_len, &key) < 0)
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpire")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpireunreachable")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
 	} else
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+	if (!pattern) {
 		switch (slot) {
 		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
 			default_reflog_expire = expire;
@@ -541,7 +539,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(pattern, pattern_len);
 	if (!ent)
 		return -1;
 	switch (slot) {
@@ -613,11 +611,13 @@
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
 			cb.dry_run = 1;
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 9, &cb.expire_total))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		}
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
-			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 21, &cb.expire_unreachable))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 937484d..4e14891 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	N_("git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"),
 	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
 	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
-	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"),
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"),
 	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"),
 	N_("git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"),
 	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"),
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_sethead_usage[] = {
-	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"),
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 	int i;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "tags", &fetch_tags,
 			    N_("import all tags and associated objects when fetching"),
 			    TAGS_SET),
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (argc < 2)
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
 
 	if (mirror && master)
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
 {
 	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
@@ -1195,10 +1195,10 @@
 	char *head_name = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
-			    N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
-			    N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "auto", &opt_a,
+			 N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &opt_d,
+			 N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
@@ -1317,8 +1317,8 @@
 {
 	int i, prune = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-			    N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+			 N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	const char **fetch_argv;
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@
 {
 	int add_mode = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1432,11 +1432,11 @@
 	int urlset_nr;
 	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
-			    N_("manipulate push URLs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
-			    N_("add URL")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			 N_("manipulate push URLs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode,
+			 N_("add URL")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
 			    N_("delete URLs")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b9dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static int delta_base_offset = 1;
+static char *packdir, *packtmp;
+
+static const char *const git_repack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git repack [options]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int repack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset")) {
+		delta_base_offset = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove temporary $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack/.tmp-$$-pack-* files.
+ */
+static void remove_temporary_files(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t dirlen, prefixlen;
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+
+	dir = opendir(packdir);
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+
+	/* Point at the slash at the end of ".../objects/pack/" */
+	dirlen = strlen(packdir) + 1;
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, packtmp);
+	/* Hold the length of  ".tmp-%d-pack-" */
+	prefixlen = buf.len - dirlen;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (strncmp(e->d_name, buf.buf + dirlen, prefixlen))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, dirlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, e->d_name);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void remove_pack_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds all packs hex strings to the fname list, which do not
+ * have a corresponding .keep file.
+ */
+static void get_non_kept_pack_filenames(struct string_list *fname_list)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	char *fname;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!(dir = opendir(packdir)))
+		return;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		if (suffixcmp(e->d_name, ".pack"))
+			continue;
+
+		len = strlen(e->d_name) - strlen(".pack");
+		fname = xmemdupz(e->d_name, len);
+
+		if (!file_exists(mkpath("%s/%s.keep", packdir, fname)))
+			string_list_append_nodup(fname_list, fname);
+		else
+			free(fname);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static void remove_redundant_pack(const char *dir_name, const char *base_name)
+{
+	const char *exts[] = {".pack", ".idx", ".keep"};
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t plen;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/%s", dir_name, base_name);
+	plen = buf.len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); i++) {
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, plen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, exts[i]);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+#define ALL_INTO_ONE 1
+#define LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE 2
+
+int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *exts[2] = {".pack", ".idx"};
+	struct child_process cmd;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct argv_array cmd_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list rollback = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list existing_packs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ext, ret, failed;
+	FILE *out;
+
+	/* variables to be filled by option parsing */
+	int pack_everything = 0;
+	int delete_redundant = 0;
+	const char *unpack_unreachable = NULL;
+	const char *window = NULL, *window_memory = NULL;
+	const char *depth = NULL;
+	const char *max_pack_size = NULL;
+	int no_reuse_delta = 0, no_reuse_object = 0;
+	int no_update_server_info = 0;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	int local = 0;
+
+	struct option builtin_repack_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('a', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("pack everything in a single pack"), ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BIT('A', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"),
+				   LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE | ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete_redundant,
+				N_("remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', NULL, &no_reuse_delta,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('F', NULL, &no_reuse_object,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_update_server_info,
+				N_("do not run git-update-server-info")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &local,
+				N_("pass --local to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "unpack-unreachable", &unpack_unreachable, N_("approxidate"),
+				N_("with -A, do not loosen objects older than this")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window", &window, N_("n"),
+				N_("size of the window used for delta compression")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window-memory", &window_memory, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("n"),
+				N_("limits the maximum delta depth")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "max-pack-size", &max_pack_size, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("maximum size of each packfile")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(repack_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_repack_options,
+				git_repack_usage, 0);
+
+	packdir = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
+	packtmp = mkpathdup("%s/.tmp-%d-pack", packdir, (int)getpid());
+
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_pack_on_signal);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "pack-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--keep-true-parents");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--honor-pack-keep");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--non-empty");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--all");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--reflog");
+	if (window)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--window=%s", window);
+	if (window_memory)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--window-memory=%s", window_memory);
+	if (depth)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--depth=%s", depth);
+	if (max_pack_size)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--max-pack-size=%s", max_pack_size);
+	if (no_reuse_delta)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--no-reuse-delta");
+	if (no_reuse_object)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args, "--no-reuse-object");
+
+	if (pack_everything & ALL_INTO_ONE) {
+		get_non_kept_pack_filenames(&existing_packs);
+
+		if (existing_packs.nr && delete_redundant) {
+			if (unpack_unreachable)
+				argv_array_pushf(&cmd_args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable=%s",
+						unpack_unreachable);
+			else if (pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE)
+				argv_array_push(&cmd_args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable");
+		}
+	} else {
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--unpacked");
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--incremental");
+	}
+
+	if (local)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args,  "--local");
+	if (quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args,  "--quiet");
+	if (delta_base_offset)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args,  "--delta-base-offset");
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd_args, packtmp);
+
+	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+	cmd.argv = cmd_args.argv;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	cmd.out = -1;
+	cmd.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	ret = start_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	out = xfdopen(cmd.out, "r");
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, out, '\n') != EOF) {
+		if (line.len != 40)
+			die("repack: Expecting 40 character sha1 lines only from pack-objects.");
+		string_list_append(&names, line.buf);
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	argv_array_clear(&cmd_args);
+
+	if (!names.nr && !quiet)
+		printf("Nothing new to pack.\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
+	 * First see if there are packs of the same name and if so
+	 * if we can move them out of the way (this can happen if we
+	 * repacked immediately after packing fully.
+	 */
+	failed = 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < 2; ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext]);
+			if (!file_exists(fname)) {
+				free(fname);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			fname_old = mkpath("%s/old-%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext]);
+			if (file_exists(fname_old))
+				if (unlink(fname_old))
+					failed = 1;
+
+			if (!failed && rename(fname, fname_old)) {
+				free(fname);
+				failed = 1;
+				break;
+			} else {
+				string_list_append(&rollback, fname);
+			}
+		}
+		if (failed)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (failed) {
+		struct string_list rollback_failure = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &rollback) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/%s", packdir, item->string);
+			fname_old = mkpath("%s/old-%s", packdir, item->string);
+			if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+				string_list_append(&rollback_failure, fname);
+			free(fname);
+		}
+
+		if (rollback_failure.nr) {
+			int i;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by\n"
+				"WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to\n"
+				"WARNING: replace them with the new version of the\n"
+				"WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and the\n"
+				"WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their\n"
+				"WARNING: original names also failed.\n"
+				"WARNING: Please rename them in %s manually:\n", packdir);
+			for (i = 0; i < rollback_failure.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING:   old-%s -> %s\n",
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string,
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string);
+		}
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Now the ones with the same name are out of the way... */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < 2; ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			struct stat statbuffer;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/pack-%s%s",
+					packdir, item->string, exts[ext]);
+			fname_old = mkpathdup("%s-%s%s",
+					packtmp, item->string, exts[ext]);
+			if (!stat(fname_old, &statbuffer)) {
+				statbuffer.st_mode &= ~(S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
+				chmod(fname_old, statbuffer.st_mode);
+			}
+			if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+				die_errno(_("renaming '%s' failed"), fname_old);
+			free(fname);
+			free(fname_old);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Remove the "old-" files */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < 2; ext++) {
+			char *fname;
+			fname = mkpath("%s/old-pack-%s%s",
+					packdir,
+					item->string,
+					exts[ext]);
+			if (remove_path(fname))
+				warning(_("removing '%s' failed"), fname);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* End of pack replacement. */
+
+	if (delete_redundant) {
+		sort_string_list(&names);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &existing_packs) {
+			char *sha1;
+			size_t len = strlen(item->string);
+			if (len < 40)
+				continue;
+			sha1 = item->string + len - 40;
+			if (!string_list_has_string(&names, sha1))
+				remove_redundant_pack(packdir, item->string);
+		}
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "prune-packed");
+		if (quiet)
+			argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "--quiet");
+
+		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+		cmd.argv = cmd_args.argv;
+		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+		run_command(&cmd);
+		argv_array_clear(&cmd_args);
+	}
+
+	if (!no_update_server_info) {
+		argv_array_push(&cmd_args, "update-server-info");
+		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+		cmd.argv = cmd_args.argv;
+		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+		run_command(&cmd);
+		argv_array_clear(&cmd_args);
+	}
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&rollback, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&existing_packs, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index e3aaf70..b1bd3ef 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
  *
- * Based on builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
  * and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com> that was itself based on
  * git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
  */
@@ -46,24 +46,27 @@
 
 static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, each_replace_name_fn fn)
 {
-	const char **p;
+	const char **p, *full_hex;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	int had_error = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
-		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", *p)
-					>= sizeof(ref)) {
-			error("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+		if (get_sha1(*p, sha1)) {
+			error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", *p);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		full_hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+		snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", full_hex);
+		/* read_ref() may reuse the buffer */
+		full_hex = ref + strlen("refs/replace/");
 		if (read_ref(ref, sha1)) {
-			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", *p);
+			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", full_hex);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+		if (fn(full_hex, ref, sha1))
 			had_error = 1;
 	}
 	return had_error;
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@
 			  int force)
 {
 	unsigned char object[20], prev[20], repl[20];
+	enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 
@@ -97,12 +101,21 @@
 	if (check_refname_format(ref, 0))
 		die("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref);
 
+	obj_type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+	repl_type = sha1_object_info(repl, NULL);
+	if (!force && obj_type != repl_type)
+		die("Objects must be of the same type.\n"
+		    "'%s' points to a replaced object of type '%s'\n"
+		    "while '%s' points to a replacement object of type '%s'.",
+		    object_ref, typename(obj_type),
+		    replace_ref, typename(repl_type));
+
 	if (read_ref(ref, prev))
 		hashclr(prev);
 	else if (!force)
 		die("replace ref '%s' already exists", ref);
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, repl, NULL) < 0)
@@ -115,9 +128,9 @@
 {
 	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, N_("list replace refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete replace refs")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "list", &list, N_("list replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete replace refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "force", &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index dc1708e..4e51add 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const rerere_usage[] = {
 	N_("git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"),
@@ -68,11 +69,12 @@
 		return rerere(flags);
 
 	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forget")) {
-		const char **pathspec;
+		struct pathspec pathspec;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			warning("'git rerere forget' without paths is deprecated");
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1);
-		return rerere_forget(pathspec);
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+			       prefix, argv + 1);
+		return rerere_forget(&pathspec);
 	}
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 915cc9f..6004803 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
 	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
-	N_("git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."),
-	N_("git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
+	N_("git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -38,14 +38,12 @@
 	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
 }
 
-static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+static int reset_index(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
 {
 	int nr = 1;
-	int newfd;
 	struct tree_desc desc[2];
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.head_idx = 1;
@@ -67,8 +65,6 @@
 		opts.reset = 1;
 	}
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-
 	read_cache_unmerged();
 
 	if (reset_type == KEEP) {
@@ -91,20 +87,18 @@
 		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, tree);
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock))
-		return error(_("Could not write new index file."));
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 {
 	const char *hex, *body;
+	char *msg;
 
 	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"), hex);
-	body = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+	msg = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_log_output_encoding());
+	body = strstr(msg, "\n\n");
 	if (body) {
 		const char *eol;
 		size_t len;
@@ -115,38 +109,13 @@
 	}
 	else
 		printf("\n");
-}
-
-static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (!index_lock) {
-		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		return error(_("Could not read index"));
-
-	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
-			       _("Unstaged changes after reset:")) ? 1 : 0;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
-		return error ("Could not refresh index");
-	return result;
+	logmsg_free(msg, commit);
 }
 
 static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *discard_flag = data;
-
-	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
-	discard_cache();
-	*discard_flag = 1;
-	read_cache();
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
@@ -164,43 +133,23 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
-			     const char *prefix)
+static int read_from_tree(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  unsigned char *tree_sha1)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
-
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
-}
-
-static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
-		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
-{
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
 	struct diff_options opt;
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	copy_pathspec(&opt.pathspec, pathspec);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
-	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-	index_was_discarded = 0;
-	read_cache();
 	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
 		return 1;
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
-	if (!index_was_discarded)
-		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
-		discard_cache();
-	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
@@ -219,21 +168,96 @@
 
 static void die_if_unmerged_cache(int reset_type)
 {
-	if (is_merge() || read_cache() < 0 || unmerged_cache())
+	if (is_merge() || unmerged_cache())
 		die(_("Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."),
 		    _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
 
 }
 
+static void parse_args(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		       int patch_mode,
+		       const char **rev_ret)
+{
+	const char *rev = "HEAD";
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+	/*
+	 * Possible arguments are:
+	 *
+	 * git reset [-opts] [<rev>]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
+	 *
+	 * At this point, argv points immediately after [-opts].
+	 */
+
+	if (argv[0]) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
+			argv++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[0];
+			argv += 2;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, argv[0] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous. If there is a single argument, it
+		 * can not be a tree
+		 */
+		else if ((!argv[1] && !get_sha1_committish(argv[0], unused)) ||
+			 (argv[1] && !get_sha1_treeish(argv[0], unused))) {
+			/*
+			 * Ok, argv[0] looks like a commit/tree; it should not
+			 * be a filename.
+			 */
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[0]);
+			rev = *argv++;
+		} else {
+			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[0], 1);
+		}
+	}
+	*rev_ret = rev;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP |
+		       (patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0),
+		       prefix, argv);
+}
+
+static int reset_refs(const char *rev, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int update_ref_status;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+		*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
+
 int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
-	const char *rev = "HEAD";
-	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
-				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	const char *rev;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet, only report errors")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
@@ -245,7 +269,7 @@
 				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), MERGE),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
 				N_("reset HEAD but keep local changes"), KEEP),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -253,73 +277,45 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
 						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	parse_args(&pathspec, argv, prefix, patch_mode, &rev);
 
-	/*
-	 * Possible arguments are:
-	 *
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
-	 *
-	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
-	 */
-
-	if (i < argc) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
-		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
-			rev = argv[i];
-			i += 2;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
-		 * has to be unambiguous.
-		 */
-		else if (!get_sha1_committish(argv[i], sha1)) {
-			/*
-			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
-			 * be a filename.
-			 */
-			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-			rev = argv[i++];
-		} else {
-			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i], 1);
-		}
+	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_sha1("HEAD", sha1);
+	if (unborn) {
+		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
+		hashcpy(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	} else if (!pathspec.nr) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."), rev);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	} else {
+		struct tree *tree;
+		if (get_sha1_treeish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."), rev);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+		if (!tree)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, tree->object.sha1);
 	}
 
-	if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
-		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), rev);
-
-	/*
-	 * NOTE: As "git reset $treeish -- $path" should be usable on
-	 * any tree-ish, this is not strictly correct. We are not
-	 * moving the HEAD to any commit; we are merely resetting the
-	 * entries in the index to that of a treeish.
-	 */
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
-
 	if (patch_mode) {
 		if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"));
-		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+		return run_add_interactive(rev, "--patch=reset", &pathspec);
 	}
 
 	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
 	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
 	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
-	if (i < argc) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		if (reset_type == MIXED)
 			warning(_("--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."));
 		else if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("Cannot do %s reset with paths."),
 					_(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
-		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
 	}
 	if (reset_type == NONE)
 		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
@@ -334,49 +330,41 @@
 	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
 	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
-	if (reset_type == SOFT)
+	if (reset_type == SOFT || reset_type == KEEP)
 		die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-	else {
-		int err;
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-		err = reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			err = err || reset_index_file(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
-		if (err)
-			die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+
+	if (reset_type != SOFT) {
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock));
+		int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) {
+			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
+			if (read_from_tree(&pathspec, sha1))
+				return 1;
+			refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
+				      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+		} else {
+			int err = reset_index(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
+			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
+				err = reset_index(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
+			if (err)
+				die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+		}
+
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(lock))
+			die(_("Could not write new index file."));
 	}
 
-	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
-	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
-	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
-		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
-	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
-		orig = sha1_orig;
-		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	if (!pathspec.nr && !unborn) {
+		/* Any resets without paths update HEAD to the head being
+		 * switched to, saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+		update_ref_status = reset_refs(rev, sha1);
+
+		if (reset_type == HARD && !update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(lookup_commit_reference(sha1));
 	}
-	else if (old_orig)
-		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
-	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
-	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
-
-	switch (reset_type) {
-	case HARD:
-		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
-			print_new_head_line(commit);
-		break;
-	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
-		break;
-	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
-		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	remove_branch_state();
-
-	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	if (!pathspec.nr)
+		remove_branch_state();
 
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index ff5a383..0745e2d 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
 		ctx.date_mode = revs->date_mode;
 		ctx.date_mode_explicit = revs->date_mode_explicit;
 		ctx.fmt = revs->commit_format;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &buf);
 		if (revs->graph) {
 			if (buf.len) {
@@ -201,55 +202,6 @@
 	printf("-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 }
 
-static inline int log2i(int n)
-{
-	int log2 = 0;
-
-	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
-		log2++;
-
-	return log2;
-}
-
-static inline int exp2i(int n)
-{
-	return 1 << n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
- *
- * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
- * n - 1 steps left looks like:
- *
- * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
- *
- * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
- */
-int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
-{
-	int n, x, e;
-
-	if (all < 3)
-		return 0;
-
-	n = log2i(all);
-	e = exp2i(n);
-	x = all - e;
-
-	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
-}
-
-void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-		       const char *format_cur,
-		       const char *format_last)
-{
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
-		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
-		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
-	}
-}
-
 static void print_var_str(const char *var, const char *val)
 {
 	printf("%s='%s'\n", var, val);
@@ -370,7 +322,7 @@
 		revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_RAW;
 
 	if ((!revs.commits &&
-	     (!(revs.tag_objects||revs.tree_objects||revs.blob_objects) &&
+	     (!(revs.tag_objects || revs.tree_objects || revs.blob_objects) &&
 	      !revs.pending.nr)) ||
 	    revs.diff)
 		usage(rev_list_usage);
@@ -384,7 +336,7 @@
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs.tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 
 	if (bisect_list) {
 		int reaches = reaches, all = all;
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index f267a1d..c4b768f 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -212,11 +212,17 @@
 	show(buffer);
 }
 
-static int show_file(const char *arg)
+static int show_file(const char *arg, int output_prefix)
 {
 	show_default();
 	if ((filter & (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) == (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) {
-		show(arg);
+		if (output_prefix) {
+			const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+			show(prefix_filename(prefix,
+					     prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					     arg));
+		} else
+			show(arg);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -273,6 +279,7 @@
 				exclude = n;
 			}
 		}
+		*dotdot = '.';
 		return 1;
 	}
 	*dotdot = '.';
@@ -296,8 +303,10 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	*dotdot = 0;
-	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1)) {
+		*dotdot = '^';
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!parents_only)
 		show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, arg);
@@ -306,6 +315,7 @@
 		show_rev(parents_only ? NORMAL : REVERSED,
 				parents->item->object.sha1, arg);
 
+	*dotdot = '^';
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -340,9 +350,9 @@
 		NULL
 	};
 	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
 					N_("keep the `--` passed as an arg")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
 					N_("stop parsing after the "
 					   "first non-option argument")),
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -470,6 +480,8 @@
 int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, revs_count = 0, type = 0;
+	int has_dashdash = 0;
+	int output_prefix = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *name = NULL;
 
@@ -479,31 +491,23 @@
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--sq-quote", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_sq_quote(argc - 2, argv + 2);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("--local-env-vars", argv[1])) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
-			printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc > 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--resolve-git-dir")) {
-		const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[2]);
-		if (!gitdir)
-			die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[2]);
-		puts(gitdir);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
 		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
 
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			has_dashdash = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
 	prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (as_is) {
-			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
+			if (show_file(arg, output_prefix) && as_is < 2)
 				verify_filename(prefix, arg, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@
 				as_is = 2;
 				/* Pass on the "--" if we show anything but files.. */
 				if (filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
-					show_file(arg);
+					show_file(arg, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
@@ -535,6 +539,13 @@
 				i++;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--prefix")) {
+				prefix = argv[i+1];
+				startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+				output_prefix = 1;
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--revs-only")) {
 				filter &= ~DO_NOREV;
 				continue;
@@ -647,6 +658,12 @@
 				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--local-env-vars")) {
+				int i;
+				for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
+					printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-toplevel")) {
 				const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
 				if (work_tree)
@@ -697,6 +714,13 @@
 				printf("%s%s.git\n", cwd, len && cwd[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--resolve-git-dir")) {
+				const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[i+1]);
+				if (!gitdir)
+					die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[i+1]);
+				puts(gitdir);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-git-dir")) {
 				printf("%s\n", is_inside_git_dir() ? "true"
 						: "false");
@@ -753,8 +777,10 @@
 		}
 		if (verify)
 			die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+		if (has_dashdash)
+			die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
 		as_is = 1;
-		if (!show_file(arg))
+		if (!show_file(arg, output_prefix))
 			continue;
 		verify_filename(prefix, arg, 1);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index c5e36b9..87659c9 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
  */
 
 static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
-	N_("git revert [options] <commit-ish>"),
+	N_("git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."),
 	N_("git revert <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
-	N_("git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"),
+	N_("git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."),
 	N_("git cherry-pick <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 {
 	const char *this_opt;
@@ -70,43 +71,19 @@
 		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"), me, this_opt, base_opt);
 }
 
-static void verify_opt_mutually_compatible(const char *me, ...)
-{
-	const char *opt1, *opt2 = NULL;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, me);
-	while ((opt1 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-		if (va_arg(ap, int))
-			break;
-	}
-	if (opt1) {
-		while ((opt2 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-			if (va_arg(ap, int))
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	va_end(ap);
-
-	if (opt1 && opt2)
-		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"),	me, opt1, opt2);
-}
-
 static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	const char * const * usage_str = revert_or_cherry_pick_usage(opts);
 	const char *me = action_name(opts);
-	int remove_state = 0;
-	int contin = 0;
-	int rollback = 0;
+	int cmd = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "quit", &cmd, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'q'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "continue", &cmd, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'c'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "abort", &cmd, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'a'),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG('r', NULL),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
 		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, N_("parent number")),
 		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&opts->allow_rerere_auto),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, N_("strategy"), N_("merge strategy")),
@@ -122,11 +99,11 @@
 
 	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK) {
 		struct option cp_extra[] = {
-			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
 			OPT_END(),
 		};
 		if (parse_options_concat(options, ARRAY_SIZE(options), cp_extra))
@@ -137,23 +114,16 @@
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 |
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 
-	/* Check for incompatible subcommands */
-	verify_opt_mutually_compatible(me,
-				"--quit", remove_state,
-				"--continue", contin,
-				"--abort", rollback,
-				NULL);
-
 	/* implies allow_empty */
 	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
 		opts->allow_empty = 1;
 
 	/* Set the subcommand */
-	if (remove_state)
+	if (cmd == 'q')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE;
-	else if (contin)
+	else if (cmd == 'c')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_CONTINUE;
-	else if (rollback)
+	else if (cmd == 'a')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_ROLLBACK;
 	else
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_NONE;
@@ -198,6 +168,8 @@
 		opts->revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-"))
+			argv[1] = "@{-1}";
 		memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
 		s_r_opt.assume_dashdash = 1;
 		argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opts->revs, &s_r_opt);
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index b384c4c..3a0e0ea 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
 	N_("git rm [options] [--] <file>..."),
@@ -17,9 +20,94 @@
 
 static struct {
 	int nr, alloc;
-	const char **name;
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		char is_submodule;
+	} *entry;
 } list;
 
+static int get_ours_cache_pos(const char *path, int pos)
+{
+	int i = -pos - 1;
+
+	while ((i < active_nr) && !strcmp(active_cache[i]->name, path)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[i]) == 2)
+			return i;
+		i++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void print_error_files(struct string_list *files_list,
+			      const char *main_msg,
+			      const char *hints_msg,
+			      int *errs)
+{
+	if (files_list->nr) {
+		int i;
+		struct strbuf err_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, main_msg);
+		for (i = 0; i < files_list->nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(&err_msg,
+				    "\n    %s",
+				    files_list->items[i].string);
+		if (advice_rm_hints)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, hints_msg);
+		*errs = error("%s", err_msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err_msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void error_removing_concrete_submodules(struct string_list *files, int *errs)
+{
+	print_error_files(files,
+			  Q_("the following submodule (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "uses a .git directory:",
+			     "the following submodules (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "use a .git directory:", files->nr),
+			  _("\n(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+			    "it including all of its history)"),
+			  errs);
+	string_list_clear(files, 0);
+}
+
+static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
+		int pos;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+		struct stat st;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+		}
+		ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) ||
+		    (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) ||
+		    is_empty_dir(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+			string_list_append(&files, name);
+	}
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files, &errs);
+
+	return errs;
+}
+
 static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 {
 	/*
@@ -31,25 +119,40 @@
 	 */
 	int i, no_head;
 	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files_staged = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_cached = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_submodule = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_local = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	no_head = is_null_sha1(head);
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 		struct stat st;
 		int pos;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
-		const char *name = list.name[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		unsigned mode;
 		int local_changes = 0;
 		int staged_changes = 0;
 
 		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
-		if (pos < 0)
-			continue; /* removing unmerged entry */
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Skip unmerged entries except for populated submodules
+			 * that could lose history when removed.
+			 */
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode) ||
+			    is_empty_dir(name))
+				continue;
+		}
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
 			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
 			continue;
@@ -58,9 +161,10 @@
 			/* if a file was removed and it is now a
 			 * directory, that is the same as ENOENT as
 			 * far as git is concerned; we do not track
-			 * directories.
+			 * directories unless they are submodules.
 			 */
-			continue;
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -80,8 +184,11 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Is the index different from the file in the work tree?
+		 * If it's a submodule, is its work tree modified?
 		 */
-		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0) ||
+		    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		     !ok_to_remove_submodule(ce->name)))
 			local_changes = 1;
 
 		/*
@@ -106,21 +213,50 @@
 		 */
 		if (local_changes && staged_changes) {
 			if (!index_only || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has staged content different "
-					     "from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-					     "(use -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_staged, name);
 		}
 		else if (!index_only) {
 			if (staged_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
-			if (local_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_cached, name);
+			if (local_changes) {
+				if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+					string_list_append(&files_submodule, name);
+				else
+					string_list_append(&files_local, name);
+			}
 		}
 	}
+	print_error_files(&files_staged,
+			  Q_("the following file has staged content different "
+			     "from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     "the following files have staged content different"
+			     " from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     files_staged.nr),
+			  _("\n(use -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_staged, 0);
+	print_error_files(&files_cached,
+			  Q_("the following file has changes "
+			     "staged in the index:",
+			     "the following files have changes "
+			     "staged in the index:", files_cached.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_cached, 0);
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files_submodule, &errs);
+
+	print_error_files(&files_local,
+			  Q_("the following file has local modifications:",
+			     "the following files have local modifications:",
+			     files_local.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_local, 0);
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -132,10 +268,10 @@
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
 	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
 	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not list removed files")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
 	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("override the up-to-date check")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
+	OPT_BOOL('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
 				N_("exit with a zero status even if nothing matched")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
@@ -143,9 +279,10 @@
 int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *seen;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_rm_options,
@@ -161,30 +298,35 @@
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
-	seen = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] ; i++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			continue;
-		ALLOC_GROW(list.name, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
-		list.name[list.nr++] = ce->name;
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.entry, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.entry[list.nr].name = ce->name;
+		list.entry[list.nr].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
+		if (list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule &&
+		    !is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+			die (_("Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char *match;
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
+		const char *original;
 		int seen_any = 0;
-		for (i = 0; (match = pathspec[i]) != NULL ; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			original = pathspec.items[i].original;
 			if (!seen[i]) {
 				if (!ignore_unmatch) {
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    match);
+					    original);
 				}
 			}
 			else {
@@ -192,10 +334,10 @@
 			}
 			if (!recursive && seen[i] == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY)
 				die(_("not removing '%s' recursively without -r"),
-				    *match ? match : ".");
+				    *original ? original : ".");
 		}
 
-		if (! seen_any)
+		if (!seen_any)
 			exit(0);
 	}
 
@@ -215,6 +357,9 @@
 			hashclr(sha1);
 		if (check_local_mod(sha1, index_only))
 			exit(1);
+	} else if (!index_only) {
+		if (check_submodules_use_gitfiles())
+			exit(1);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -222,7 +367,7 @@
 	 * the index unless all of them succeed.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-		const char *path = list.name[i];
+		const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
 		if (!quiet)
 			printf("rm '%s'\n", path);
 
@@ -242,9 +387,34 @@
 	 * in the middle)
 	 */
 	if (!index_only) {
-		int removed = 0;
+		int removed = 0, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			const char *path = list.name[i];
+			const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
+			if (list.entry[i].is_submodule) {
+				if (is_empty_dir(path)) {
+					if (!rmdir(path)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else {
+					struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+					strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+					if (!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						strbuf_release(&buf);
+						continue;
+					} else if (!file_exists(path))
+						/* Submodule was removed by user */
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+					strbuf_release(&buf);
+					/* Fallthrough and let remove_path() fail. */
+				}
+			}
 			if (!remove_path(path)) {
 				removed = 1;
 				continue;
@@ -252,6 +422,8 @@
 			if (!removed)
 				die_errno("git rm: '%s'", path);
 		}
+		if (gitmodules_modified)
+			stage_updated_gitmodules();
 	}
 
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index 7d05064..4482f16 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -16,164 +17,6 @@
 
 static struct send_pack_args args;
 
-static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
-{
-	char buf[42];
-
-	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
-		return 1;
-
-	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	if (negative)
-		buf[0] = '^';
-	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
-	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
-}
-
-/*
- * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
- */
-static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
-	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
-	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
-	 */
-	const char *argv[] = {
-		"pack-objects",
-		"--all-progress-implied",
-		"--revs",
-		"--stdout",
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-	};
-	struct child_process po;
-	int i;
-
-	i = 4;
-	if (args->use_thin_pack)
-		argv[i++] = "--thin";
-	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "-q";
-	if (args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "--progress";
-	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
-	po.argv = argv;
-	po.in = -1;
-	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
-	po.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&po))
-		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
-
-	/*
-	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
-	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
-		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
-			break;
-
-	while (refs) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
-			break;
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
-			break;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
-
-	close(po.in);
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		while (1) {
-			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-			if (n <= 0)
-				break;
-			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-		free(buf);
-		close(po.out);
-		po.out = -1;
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&po))
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
-{
-	struct ref *hint;
-	char line[1000];
-	int ret = 0;
-	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
-		return error("did not receive remote status");
-	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
-		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			*p = '\0';
-		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
-		ret = -1;
-	}
-	hint = NULL;
-	while (1) {
-		char *refname;
-		char *msg;
-		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
-			break;
-		if (len < 3 ||
-		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
-			ret = -1;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
-		refname = line + 3;
-		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
-		if (msg)
-			*msg++ = '\0';
-
-		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
-		if (hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
-		if (!hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
-		if (!hint) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		else {
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		if (msg)
-			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
-		/* start our next search from the next ref */
-		hint = hint->next;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -202,6 +45,26 @@
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "stale info";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "already exists";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 			res = "error";
@@ -222,186 +85,11 @@
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *fd = data, ret;
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	close(fd[1]);
-#endif
-	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
-	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs,
-	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
-{
-	int in = fd[0];
-	int out = fd[1];
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int new_refs;
-	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
-	int status_report = 0;
-	int use_sideband = 0;
-	int quiet_supported = 0;
-	int agent_supported = 0;
-	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
-	int ret;
-	struct async demux;
-
-	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
-	if (server_supports("report-status"))
-		status_report = 1;
-	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
-		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
-		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	if (server_supports("quiet"))
-		quiet_supported = 1;
-	if (server_supports("agent"))
-		agent_supported = 1;
-
-	if (!remote_refs) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
-			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Finally, tell the other end!
-	 */
-	new_refs = 0;
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-			continue;
-		default:
-			; /* do nothing */
-		}
-
-		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (!ref->deletion)
-			new_refs++;
-
-		if (args->dry_run) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		} else {
-			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
-			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
-			int quiet = quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress);
-
-			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband ||
-					   quiet || agent_supported)) {
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf,
-						 "%s %s %s%c%s%s%s%s%s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
-						 status_report ? " report-status" : "",
-						 use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "",
-						 quiet ? " quiet" : "",
-						 agent_supported ? " agent=" : "",
-						 agent_supported ? git_user_agent_sanitized() : ""
-						);
-			}
-			else
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
-			ref->status = status_report ?
-				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
-				REF_STATUS_OK;
-			cmds_sent++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-	} else {
-		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
-		packet_flush(out);
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = fd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
-		in = demux.out;
-	}
-
-	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
-		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
-			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
-				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
-			if (args->stateless_rpc)
-				close(out);
-			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
-				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
-			if (use_sideband)
-				finish_async(&demux);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
-		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
-	else
-		ret = 0;
-	if (args->stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
-			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		close(demux.out);
-	}
-
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (args->porcelain)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		case REF_STATUS_OK:
-			break;
-		default:
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, nr_refspecs = 0;
@@ -418,8 +106,9 @@
 	int send_all = 0;
 	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
 	int flags;
-	int nonfastforward = 0;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 	int progress = -1;
+	struct push_cas_option cas = {0};
 
 	argv++;
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
@@ -482,6 +171,22 @@
 				helper_status = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 1) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=")) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas,
+							  strchr(arg, '=') + 1, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
 			usage(send_pack_usage);
 		}
 		if (!dest) {
@@ -525,7 +230,7 @@
 
 	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
 
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
 
 	transport_verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
 
@@ -542,6 +247,9 @@
 	if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs, nr_refspecs, refspecs, flags))
 		return -1;
 
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas))
+		apply_push_cas(&cas, remote, remote_refs);
+
 	set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs, args.send_mirror,
 		args.force_update);
 
@@ -556,7 +264,7 @@
 	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
 
 	if (!helper_status)
-		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &nonfastforward);
+		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &reject_reasons);
 
 	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
 		struct ref *ref;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index b316cf3..c226f76 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
-	N_("git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"),
-	"",
-	N_("[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"),
+	N_("git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -36,52 +34,28 @@
 	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
 	char *buffer, *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
-	char namebuf[1024];
-	char emailbuf[1024];
-	size_t len;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	const char *eol;
-	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf namemailbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 
-	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
-	if (!boemail)
-		return;
-	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, author, strlen(author)))
 		return;
 
-	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
-	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
-	len = boemail - author;
-	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	namebuf[len] = 0;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
 
-	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
-	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
-	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
+	map_user(&log->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+	strbuf_add(&namemailbuf, namebuf, namelen);
 
-	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
-		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
-			author++;
-		for (len = 0;
-		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
-		     len++)
-			namebuf[len] = author[len];
-		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		namebuf[len] = '\0';
-	}
-	else
-		len = strlen(namebuf);
+	if (log->email)
+		strbuf_addf(&namemailbuf, " <%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 
-	if (log->email) {
-		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
-		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
-		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
-	}
-
-	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namebuf);
+	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namemailbuf.buf);
 	if (item->util == NULL)
 		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 
@@ -153,9 +127,11 @@
 			author = buffer + 7;
 		buffer = eol;
 	}
-	if (!author)
-		die(_("Missing author: %s"),
+	if (!author) {
+		warning(_("Missing author: %s"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		return;
+	}
 	if (log->user_format) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.fmt = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
@@ -163,6 +139,7 @@
 		ctx.subject = "";
 		ctx.after_subject = "";
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &ufbuf);
 		buffer = ufbuf.buf;
 	} else if (*buffer) {
@@ -249,12 +226,12 @@
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
-			    N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
-			    N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
-			    N_("Show the email address of each author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
+			 N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "summary", &log.summary,
+			 N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "email", &log.email,
+			 N_("Show the email address of each author")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, N_("w[,i1[,i2]]"),
 			N_("Linewrap output"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -306,9 +283,8 @@
 static void add_wrapped_shortlog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 				     const struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	int col = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
-	if (col != log->wrap)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
 void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index d208fd6..001f29c 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -162,29 +162,28 @@
 			nth = 0;
 			while (parents) {
 				struct commit *p = parents->item;
-				char newname[1000], *en;
+				struct strbuf newname = STRBUF_INIT;
 				parents = parents->next;
 				nth++;
 				if (p->util)
 					continue;
-				en = newname;
 				switch (n->generation) {
 				case 0:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addstr(&newname, n->head_name);
 					break;
 				case 1:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s^", n->head_name);
 					break;
 				default:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
-						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s~%d",
+						    n->head_name, n->generation);
 					break;
 				}
 				if (nth == 1)
-					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+					strbuf_addch(&newname, '^');
 				else
-					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
-				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, strbuf_detach(&newname, NULL), 0);
 				i++;
 				name_first_parent_chain(p);
 			}
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@
 	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
 	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
 	int all_mask, all_revs;
-	int lifo = 1;
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	char head[128];
 	const char *head_p;
 	int head_len;
@@ -647,34 +646,36 @@
 	int dense = 1;
 	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
 	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
-			    N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
-			    N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_heads,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
 			    N_("color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch")),
 		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, N_("n"),
 			    N_("show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, N_("synonym to more=-1"), -1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
-			    N_("include the current branch")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
-			    N_("name commits with their object names")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
-			    N_("show possible merge bases")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
+			 N_("include the current branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
+			 N_("name commits with their object names")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
+			 N_("show possible merge bases")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &independent,
 			    N_("show refs unreachable from any other ref")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
-			    N_("show commits in topological order")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
-			    N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "topo-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("show commits in topological order"),
+			    REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "topics", &topics,
+			 N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
 			    N_("show merges reachable from only one tip"), 0),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
-			    N_("show commits where no parent comes before its "
-			       "children"), 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("topologically sort, maintaining date order "
+			       "where possible"),
+			    REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
 			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
 			       "base"),
@@ -901,7 +902,7 @@
 		exit(0);
 
 	/* Sort topologically */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, sort_order);
 
 	/* Give names to commits */
 	if (!sha1_name && !no_name)
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 4eb016d..9f3f5e3 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@
 
 static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
 {
-	struct object *obj;
 	const char *hex;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
+	if (show_head && !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		goto match;
+
 	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
 		int match;
 
@@ -79,25 +81,9 @@
 	if (!deref_tags)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED) && !peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!obj)
-			die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
-			if (!obj)
-				die("git show-ref: bad tag at ref %s (%s)", refname,
-				    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
+		hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
+		printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -120,7 +106,7 @@
  */
 static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
 {
-	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
 
@@ -179,15 +165,15 @@
 }
 
 static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
 		    "requires exact ref path")),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
-	  N_("show the HEAD reference"),
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, N_("show the HEAD reference")),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL('h', NULL, &show_head,
+			N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "head", &show_head,
+	  N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
 		    N_("dereference tags into object IDs")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, N_("n"),
 	  N_("only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"),
diff --git a/builtin/stripspace.c b/builtin/stripspace.c
index f16986c..1259ed7 100644
--- a/builtin/stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin/stripspace.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
  *
  * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
  *
- * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with comment
+ * character.
  */
 void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@
 		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
 		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
 
-		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == comment_line_char) {
 			newlen = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,21 +67,53 @@
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
 }
 
+static void comment_lines(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *msg;
+	size_t len;
+
+	msg = strbuf_detach(buf, &len);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(buf, msg, len);
+	free(msg);
+}
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input\n"
+"  git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines] < input";
+
 int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int strip_comments = 0;
+	enum { INVAL = 0, STRIP_SPACE = 1, COMMENT_LINES = 2 } mode = STRIP_SPACE;
 
-	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
-				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
-		strip_comments = 1;
-	else if (argc > 1)
-		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input");
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
+		    !strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")) {
+			strip_comments = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") ||
+			   !strcmp(argv[1], "--comment-lines")) {
+			mode = COMMENT_LINES;
+		} else {
+			mode = INVAL;
+		}
+	} else if (argc > 1) {
+		mode = INVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (mode == INVAL)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+
+	if (strip_comments || mode == COMMENT_LINES)
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read the input");
 
-	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	if (mode == STRIP_SPACE)
+		stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	else
+		comment_lines(&buf);
 
 	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
index 9e92828..71286b4 100644
--- a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@
 
 static const char * const git_symbolic_ref_usage[] = {
 	N_("git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"),
+	N_("git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int shorten;
-
-static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
+static int check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet, int shorten, int print)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
@@ -22,20 +21,24 @@
 		if (!quiet)
 			die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
 		else
-			exit(1);
+			return 1;
 	}
-	if (shorten)
-		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
-	puts(refname);
+	if (print) {
+		if (shorten)
+			refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+		puts(refname);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, delete = 0, shorten = 0, ret = 0;
 	const char *msg = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
 			N_("suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete symbolic ref")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, N_("shorten ref output")),
 		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -44,11 +47,21 @@
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     git_symbolic_ref_usage, 0);
-	if (msg &&!*msg)
+	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], 1, 0, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			die("Cannot delete %s, not a symbolic ref", argv[0]);
+		return delete_ref(argv[0], NULL, REF_NODEREF);
+	}
+
 	switch (argc) {
 	case 1:
-		check_symref(argv[0], quiet);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], quiet, shorten, 1);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD") &&
@@ -59,5 +72,5 @@
 	default:
 		usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 9c3e067..ea55f1d 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -246,19 +246,13 @@
 }
 
 static const char tag_template[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n");
 
 static const char tag_template_nocleanup[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-	" yourself if you want to.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a tag message\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+	" yourself if you want to.\n");
 
 static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -346,14 +340,18 @@
 		if (fd < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
 
-		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev)) {
 			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
-		else if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template),
-					strlen(_(tag_template)));
-		else
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template_nocleanup),
-					strlen(_(tag_template_nocleanup)));
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+			if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template), comment_line_char);
+			else
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template_nocleanup), comment_line_char);
+			write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
 		close(fd);
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
@@ -438,26 +436,26 @@
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct create_tag_options opt;
 	char *cleanup_arg = NULL;
-	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1, list = 0,
-		delete = 0, verify = 0;
+	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1;
+	int cmdmode = 0;
 	const char *msgfile = NULL, *keyid = NULL;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, N_("list tag names")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list tag names"), 'l'),
 		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, N_("n"),
 				N_("print <n> lines of each tag message"),
 				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete tags")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, N_("verify tags")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete tags"), 'd'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('v', "verify", &cmdmode, N_("verify tags"), 'v'),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "annotate", &annotate,
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "annotate", &annotate,
 					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
 			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
 		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
 		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("mode"),
 			N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
 		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, N_("key id"),
@@ -491,22 +489,19 @@
 	}
 	if (opt.sign)
 		annotate = 1;
-	if (argc == 0 && !(delete || verify))
-		list = 1;
+	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = 'l';
 
-	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) &&
-	    (list || delete || verify))
+	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) && (cmdmode != 0))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 
-	if (list + delete + verify > 1)
-		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
-	if (list && lines != -1) {
+	if (cmdmode == 'l' && lines != -1) {
 		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
 			die(_("--column and -n are incompatible"));
 		colopts = 0;
 	}
-	if (list) {
+	if (cmdmode == 'l') {
 		int ret;
 		if (column_active(colopts)) {
 			struct column_options copts;
@@ -525,9 +520,9 @@
 		die(_("--contains option is only allowed with -l."));
 	if (points_at.nr)
 		die(_("--points-at option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (delete)
+	if (cmdmode == 'd')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag);
-	if (verify)
+	if (cmdmode == 'v')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, verify_tag);
 
 	if (msg.given || msgfile) {
@@ -579,12 +574,12 @@
 	if (annotate)
 		create_tag(object, tag, &buf, &opt, prev, object);
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		die(_("%s: cannot lock the ref"), ref.buf);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
 		die(_("%s: cannot update the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+	if (force && !is_null_sha1(prev) && hashcmp(prev, object))
 		printf(_("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"), tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/tar-tree.c b/builtin/tar-tree.c
index 3f1e701..ba3ffe6 100644
--- a/builtin/tar-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/tar-tree.c
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 	 * $0 tree-ish basedir ==>
 	 * 	git archive --format-tar --prefix=basedir tree-ish
 	 */
-	int i;
 	const char **nargv = xcalloc(sizeof(*nargv), argc + 3);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *basedir_arg;
 	int nargc = 0;
 
@@ -65,11 +65,10 @@
 	fprintf(stderr,
 		"*** \"git tar-tree\" is now deprecated.\n"
 		"*** Running \"git archive\" instead.\n***");
-	for (i = 0; i < nargc; i++) {
-		fputc(' ', stderr);
-		sq_quote_print(stderr, nargv[i]);
-	}
-	fputc('\n', stderr);
+	sq_quote_argv(&sb, nargv, 0);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+	fputs(sb.buf, stderr);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return cmd_archive(nargc, nargv, prefix);
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 74986bf..e3a10d7 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@
 	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int option, size;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@
 
 	/* Exact match: file or existing gitlink */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 
 			/* Do nothing to the index if there is no HEAD! */
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@
 	/* Inexact match: is there perhaps a subdirectory match? */
 	pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
 			break;
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@
 {
 	int pos, len;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@
 		/* already merged */
 		pos = unmerge_cache_entry_at(pos);
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_stage(ce) &&
 			    ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen))
@@ -462,7 +463,7 @@
 		 */
 		pos = -pos-1;
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen)) {
 				fprintf(stderr,
@@ -546,10 +547,11 @@
 	 */
 	int pos;
 	int has_head = 1;
-	const char **paths = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, av + 1);
 
 	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@
 		has_head = 0;
  redo:
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		struct cache_entry *old = NULL;
 		int save_nr;
 
@@ -593,6 +595,7 @@
 static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
 {
 	setup_work_tree();
+	read_cache_preload(NULL);
 	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -795,7 +798,7 @@
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
+		usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 51d2684..702e90d 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -2,23 +2,261 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
 	N_("git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"),
 	N_("git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static int updates_alloc;
+static int updates_count;
+static const struct ref_update **updates;
+
+static char line_termination = '\n';
+static int update_flags;
+
+static struct ref_update *update_alloc(void)
+{
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	/* Allocate and zero-init a struct ref_update */
+	update = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*update));
+	ALLOC_GROW(updates, updates_count + 1, updates_alloc);
+	updates[updates_count++] = update;
+
+	/* Store and reset accumulated options */
+	update->flags = update_flags;
+	update_flags = 0;
+
+	return update;
+}
+
+static void update_store_ref_name(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *ref_name)
+{
+	if (check_refname_format(ref_name, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("invalid ref format: %s", ref_name);
+	update->ref_name = xstrdup(ref_name);
+}
+
+static void update_store_new_sha1(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *newvalue)
+{
+	if (*newvalue && get_sha1(newvalue, update->new_sha1))
+		die("invalid new value for ref %s: %s",
+		    update->ref_name, newvalue);
+}
+
+static void update_store_old_sha1(struct ref_update *update,
+				  const char *oldvalue)
+{
+	if (*oldvalue && get_sha1(oldvalue, update->old_sha1))
+		die("invalid old value for ref %s: %s",
+		    update->ref_name, oldvalue);
+
+	/* We have an old value if non-empty, or if empty without -z */
+	update->have_old = *oldvalue || line_termination;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse SP-terminated, possibly C-quoted argument */
+	if (*next != '"')
+		while (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			strbuf_addch(arg, *next++);
+	else if (unquote_c_style(arg, next, &next))
+		die("badly quoted argument: %s", next);
+
+	/* Return position after the argument */
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_first_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse argument immediately after "command SP" */
+	strbuf_reset(arg);
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, use the next argument */
+		next = parse_arg(next, arg);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, use rest of first NUL-terminated line */
+		strbuf_addstr(arg, next);
+		next = next + arg->len;
+	}
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_next_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	/* Parse next SP-terminated or NUL-terminated argument, if any */
+	strbuf_reset(arg);
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, consume SP and use next argument */
+		if (!*next)
+			return NULL;
+		if (*next != ' ')
+			die("expected SP but got: %s", next);
+		next = parse_arg(next + 1, arg);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, read the next NUL-terminated line */
+		if (*next)
+			die("expected NUL but got: %s", next);
+		if (strbuf_getline(arg, stdin, '\0') == EOF)
+			return NULL;
+		next = arg->buf + arg->len;
+	}
+	return next;
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_update(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf newvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oldvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("update line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &newvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, newvalue.buf);
+	else
+		die("update %s missing <newvalue>", ref.buf);
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &oldvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, oldvalue.buf);
+	else if(!line_termination)
+		die("update %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("update %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_create(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf newvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("create line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &newvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, newvalue.buf);
+	else
+		die("create %s missing <newvalue>", ref.buf);
+	if (is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1))
+		die("create %s given zero new value", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("create %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_delete(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf oldvalue = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("delete line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &oldvalue)) != NULL)
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, oldvalue.buf);
+	else if(!line_termination)
+		die("delete %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+	if (update->have_old && is_null_sha1(update->old_sha1))
+		die("delete %s given zero old value", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("delete %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_verify(const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf value = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	update = update_alloc();
+
+	if ((next = parse_first_arg(next, &ref)) != NULL && ref.buf[0])
+		update_store_ref_name(update, ref.buf);
+	else
+		die("verify line missing <ref>");
+
+	if ((next = parse_next_arg(next, &value)) != NULL) {
+		update_store_old_sha1(update, value.buf);
+		update_store_new_sha1(update, value.buf);
+	} else if(!line_termination)
+		die("verify %s missing [<oldvalue>] NUL", ref.buf);
+
+	if (next && *next)
+		die("verify %s has extra input: %s", ref.buf, next);
+}
+
+static void parse_cmd_option(const char *next)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(next, "no-deref"))
+		update_flags |= REF_NODEREF;
+	else
+		die("option unknown: %s", next);
+}
+
+static void update_refs_stdin(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Read each line dispatch its command */
+	while (strbuf_getline(&cmd, stdin, line_termination) != EOF)
+		if (!cmd.buf[0])
+			die("empty command in input");
+		else if (isspace(*cmd.buf))
+			die("whitespace before command: %s", cmd.buf);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "update "))
+			parse_cmd_update(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "create "))
+			parse_cmd_create(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "delete "))
+			parse_cmd_delete(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "verify "))
+			parse_cmd_verify(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(cmd.buf, "option "))
+			parse_cmd_option(cmd.buf + 7);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", cmd.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+}
+
 int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *refname, *oldval, *msg = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
-	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
+	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, read_stdin = 0, end_null = 0, flags = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
 					N_("update <refname> not the one it points to")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &end_null, N_("stdin has NUL-terminated arguments")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin", &read_stdin, N_("read updates from stdin")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -28,6 +266,18 @@
 	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message.");
 
+	if (read_stdin) {
+		if (delete || no_deref || argc > 0)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		if (end_null)
+			line_termination = '\0';
+		update_refs_stdin();
+		return update_refs(msg, updates, updates_count, DIE_ON_ERR);
+	}
+
+	if (end_null)
+		usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+
 	if (delete) {
 		if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
 			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index b928beb..af2da35 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -18,51 +19,31 @@
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
-	char *p, buf[4096];
-	int sent_argc;
-	int len;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(upload_archive_usage);
 
-	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
-		die("insanely long repository name");
-
-	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
-
-	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	sent_argc = 1;
-	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
-	for (p = buf;;) {
-		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
-		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
-		if (len == 0)
+	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	for (;;) {
+		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
-			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
-		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
-			p[--len] = 0;
-		}
-		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
-		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+		if (prefixcmp(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-
-		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
-		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
-		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
-		p += len;
-		*p++ = 0;
+		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
-	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index a8eee88..9cdf332 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	if (size == len)
 		return error("no signature found");
 
-	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL);
+	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.c b/bulk-checkin.c
index 6b0b6d4..118c625 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.c
+++ b/bulk-checkin.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 
 		if (size && !s.avail_in) {
 			ssize_t rsize = size < sizeof(ibuf) ? size : sizeof(ibuf);
-			if (xread(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
+			if (read_in_full(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
 				die("failed to read %d bytes from '%s'",
 				    (int)rsize, path);
 			offset += rsize;
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 8d12816..3d64311 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		 * followed by SP and subject line.
 		 */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) ||
-		    (40 <= buf.len && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
+		    (buf.len > 40 && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
 		    (!is_prereq && buf.len <= 40)) {
 			if (report_path)
 				error(_("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"),
@@ -183,17 +183,17 @@
 		struct ref_list *r;
 
 		r = &header->references;
-		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains %d ref",
-			     "The bundle contains %d refs",
+		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains this ref:",
+			     "The bundle contains these %d refs:",
 			     r->nr),
 			  r->nr);
 		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		r = &header->prerequisites;
 		if (!r->nr) {
 			printf_ln(_("The bundle records a complete history."));
 		} else {
-			r = &header->prerequisites;
-			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref",
-				     "The bundle requires these %d refs",
+			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref:",
+				     "The bundle requires these %d refs:",
 				     r->nr),
 				  r->nr);
 			list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
@@ -279,12 +279,12 @@
 		if (buf.len > 0 && buf.buf[0] == '-') {
 			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 			if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf + 1, sha1)) {
-				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+				struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, object, xstrdup(buf.buf));
+				add_pending_object(&revs, object, buf.buf);
 			}
 		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 			object->flags |= SHOWN;
 		}
 	}
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
 				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
 				 * error.
 				 */
-				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, e->name);
 				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
 				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
 			}
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 28ed657..0bbec43 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 		cache_tree_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
 }
 
-static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
+static int verify_cache(const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 			int entries, int flags)
 {
 	int i, funny;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 	/* Verify that the tree is merged */
 	funny = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			if (silent)
 				return -1;
@@ -166,12 +166,8 @@
 				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ce_stage(ce))
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
-					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
-					ce->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+				ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 		}
 	}
 	if (funny)
@@ -238,17 +234,21 @@
 }
 
 static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 		      int entries,
 		      const char *base,
 		      int baselen,
+		      int *skip_count,
 		      int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer;
 	int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
 	int dryrun = flags & WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN;
+	int to_invalidate = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	*skip_count = 0;
+
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 
@@ -263,11 +263,12 @@
 	/*
 	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
-		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt, subskip;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -275,8 +276,10 @@
 			break; /* at the end of this level */
 
 		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
-		if (!slash)
+		if (!slash) {
+			i++;
 			continue;
+		}
 		/*
 		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
 		 * ==>
@@ -290,10 +293,13 @@
 				    cache + i, entries - i,
 				    path,
 				    baselen + sublen + 1,
+				    &subskip,
 				    flags);
 		if (subcnt < 0)
 			return subcnt;
-		i += subcnt - 1;
+		i += subcnt;
+		sub->count = subcnt; /* to be used in the next loop */
+		*skip_count += subskip;
 		sub->used = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -304,8 +310,9 @@
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
 		int pathlen, entlen;
@@ -324,14 +331,17 @@
 			if (!sub)
 				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
 				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
-			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			i += sub->count;
 			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
 			mode = S_IFDIR;
+			if (sub->cache_tree->entry_count < 0)
+				to_invalidate = 1;
 		}
 		else {
 			sha1 = ce->sha1;
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+			i++;
 		}
 		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
 			strbuf_release(&buffer);
@@ -339,8 +349,25 @@
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
 		}
 
-		if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_REMOVE | CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-			continue; /* entry being removed or placeholder */
+		/*
+		 * CE_REMOVE entries are removed before the index is
+		 * written to disk. Skip them to remain consistent
+		 * with the future on-disk index.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			*skip_count = *skip_count + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * CE_INTENT_TO_ADD entries exist on on-disk index but
+		 * they are not part of generated trees. Invalidate up
+		 * to root to force cache-tree users to read elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD) {
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
@@ -360,7 +387,7 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	it->entry_count = i;
+	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
 #if DEBUG
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -370,15 +397,15 @@
 }
 
 int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      const struct cache_entry * const *cache,
 		      int entries,
 		      int flags)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, skip;
 	i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
 	if (i)
 		return i;
-	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, flags);
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (i < 0)
 		return i;
 	return 0;
@@ -572,8 +599,8 @@
 	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree);
 	if (!was_valid) {
 		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-				      active_cache, active_nr,
-				      flags) < 0)
+				      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+				      active_nr, flags) < 0)
 			return WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX;
 		if (0 <= newfd) {
 			if (!write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) &&
@@ -674,5 +701,6 @@
 	if (!the_index.cache_tree)
 		the_index.cache_tree = cache_tree();
 	return cache_tree_update(the_index.cache_tree,
-				 the_index.cache, the_index.cache_nr, flags);
+				 (const struct cache_entry * const *)the_index.cache,
+				 the_index.cache_nr, flags);
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
index d8cb2e9..f1923ad 100644
--- a/cache-tree.h
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct cache_tree;
 struct cache_tree_sub {
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int count;		/* internally used by update_one() */
 	int namelen;
 	int used;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *);
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, struct cache_entry **, int, int);
+int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, const struct cache_entry * const *, int, int);
 
 int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index a58df84..ce377e1 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *, int level);
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_end(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
@@ -100,9 +101,9 @@
 
 #define CACHE_SIGNATURE 0x44495243	/* "DIRC" */
 struct cache_header {
-	unsigned int hdr_signature;
-	unsigned int hdr_version;
-	unsigned int hdr_entries;
+	uint32_t hdr_signature;
+	uint32_t hdr_version;
+	uint32_t hdr_entries;
 };
 
 #define INDEX_FORMAT_LB 2
@@ -114,24 +115,27 @@
  * check it for equality in the 32 bits we save.
  */
 struct cache_time {
-	unsigned int sec;
-	unsigned int nsec;
+	uint32_t sec;
+	uint32_t nsec;
+};
+
+struct stat_data {
+	struct cache_time sd_ctime;
+	struct cache_time sd_mtime;
+	unsigned int sd_dev;
+	unsigned int sd_ino;
+	unsigned int sd_uid;
+	unsigned int sd_gid;
+	unsigned int sd_size;
 };
 
 struct cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ce_ctime;
-	struct cache_time ce_mtime;
-	unsigned int ce_dev;
-	unsigned int ce_ino;
+	struct stat_data ce_stat_data;
 	unsigned int ce_mode;
-	unsigned int ce_uid;
-	unsigned int ce_gid;
-	unsigned int ce_size;
 	unsigned int ce_flags;
 	unsigned int ce_namelen;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct cache_entry *next;
-	struct cache_entry *dir_next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -162,6 +166,9 @@
 #define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
 #define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
+/* used to temporarily mark paths matched by pathspecs */
+#define CE_MATCHED           (1 << 26)
+
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
@@ -182,12 +189,15 @@
 #error "CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS out of range"
 #endif
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 /*
  * Copy the sha1 and stat state of a cache entry from one to
  * another. But we never change the name, or the hash state!
  */
 #define CE_STATE_MASK (CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED)
-static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst, struct cache_entry *src)
+static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst,
+				    const struct cache_entry *src)
 {
 	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK;
 
@@ -219,7 +229,8 @@
 		return S_IFGITLINK;
 	return S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode);
 }
-static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned int mode)
+static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					     unsigned int mode)
 {
 	extern int trust_executable_bit, has_symlinks;
 	if (!has_symlinks && S_ISREG(mode) &&
@@ -267,25 +278,15 @@
 	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
 		 initialized : 1;
 	struct hash_table name_hash;
+	struct hash_table dir_hash;
 };
 
 extern struct index_state the_index;
 
 /* Name hashing */
 extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
-/*
- * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
- * we won't find it in lookups.
- *
- * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
- * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
- * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
- * it.
- */
-static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
-}
+extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
@@ -313,11 +314,14 @@
 #define refresh_cache(flags) refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL, NULL)
 #define ce_match_stat(ce, st, options) ie_match_stat(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
 #define ce_modified(ce, st, options) ie_modified(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
+#define cache_dir_exists(name, namelen) index_dir_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
+#define cache_file_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_file_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
 #define cache_name_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_name_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
 #define cache_name_is_other(name, namelen) index_name_is_other(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
 #define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#define read_blob_data_from_cache(path, sz) read_blob_data_from_index(&the_index, (path), (sz))
 #endif
 
 enum object_type {
@@ -341,9 +345,11 @@
 		OBJ_BLOB;
 }
 
+/* Double-check local_repo_env below if you add to this list. */
 #define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
 #define GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NAMESPACE"
 #define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_PREFIX"
 #define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
 #define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -362,22 +368,36 @@
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE"
+#define GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS"
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * The array is NULL-terminated to simplify its usage in contexts such
- * environment creation or simple walk of the list.
- * The number of non-NULL entries is available as a macro.
+ * This environment variable is expected to contain a boolean indicating
+ * whether we should or should not treat:
+ *
+ *   GIT_DIR=foo.git git ...
+ *
+ * as if GIT_WORK_TREE=. was given. It's not expected that users will make use
+ * of this, but we use it internally to communicate to sub-processes that we
+ * are in a bare repo. If not set, defaults to true.
  */
-#define LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE 9
-extern const char *const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1];
+#define GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE"
+
+/*
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; these will be cleared
+ * when git spawns a sub-process that runs inside another repository.
+ * The array is NULL-terminated, which makes it easy to pass in the "env"
+ * parameter of a run-command invocation, or to do a simple walk.
+ */
+extern const char * const local_repo_env[];
 
 extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
 extern int is_bare_repository(void);
 extern int is_inside_git_dir(void);
 extern char *git_work_tree_cfg;
 extern int is_inside_work_tree(void);
-extern int have_git_dir(void);
 extern const char *get_git_dir(void);
 extern int is_git_directory(const char *path);
 extern char *get_object_directory(void);
@@ -398,6 +418,7 @@
 extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
 extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, int *remaining, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
 extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
@@ -411,6 +432,8 @@
 extern int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir, int);
 extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 
+extern void sanitize_stdfds(void);
+
 #define alloc_nr(x) (((x)+16)*3/2)
 
 /*
@@ -433,7 +456,7 @@
 
 /* Initialize and use the cache information */
 extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
-extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 extern int read_index_from(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 extern int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *);
 extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
@@ -441,6 +464,8 @@
 extern int discard_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *);
 extern int verify_path(const char *path);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
 extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
 extern int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *, const char *name, int namelen);
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD 1		/* Ok to add */
@@ -458,11 +483,13 @@
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS	4
 #define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL 8
 #define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
+#define ADD_CACHE_IMPLICIT_DOT 32	/* internal to "git add -u/-A" */
 extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
 extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
 extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
-extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
+extern int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b);
 extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+extern void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *, unsigned long *);
 
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
@@ -470,30 +497,30 @@
 #define CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY		02
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_SKIP_WORKTREE is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE	04
-extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 
-struct pathspec {
-	const char **raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
-	int nr;
-	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
-	unsigned int recursive:1;
-	int max_depth;
-	struct pathspec_item {
-		const char *match;
-		int len;
-		unsigned int use_wildcard:1;
-	} *items;
-};
-
-extern int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *, const char **);
-extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
 extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 #define HASH_WRITE_OBJECT 1
 #define HASH_FORMAT_CHECK 2
 extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags);
 extern int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * Record to sd the data from st that we use to check whether a file
+ * might have changed.
+ */
+extern void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if st is consistent with a file not having been changed
+ * since sd was filled.  If there are differences, return a
+ * combination of MTIME_CHANGED, CTIME_CHANGED, OWNER_CHANGED,
+ * INODE_CHANGED, and DATA_CHANGED.
+ */
+extern int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
 extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 
 #define REFRESH_REALLY		0x0001	/* ignore_valid */
@@ -502,7 +529,7 @@
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING	0x0008	/* ignore non-existent */
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES	0x0010	/* ignore submodules */
 #define REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN	0x0020	/* user friendly output, not "needs update" */
-extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
+extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
 
 struct lock_file {
 	struct lock_file *next;
@@ -530,6 +557,7 @@
 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int trust_executable_bit;
 extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int check_stat;
 extern int quote_path_fully;
 extern int has_symlinks;
 extern int minimum_abbrev, default_abbrev;
@@ -538,6 +566,7 @@
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
+extern int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 extern int shared_repository;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
@@ -556,6 +585,12 @@
 extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 extern int precomposed_unicode;
 
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+extern char comment_line_char;
+
 enum branch_track {
 	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
 	BRANCH_TRACK_NEVER = 0,
@@ -700,8 +735,7 @@
 	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664
 };
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
-#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
 int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
 int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path);
@@ -714,10 +748,13 @@
 }
 int is_directory(const char *);
 const char *real_path(const char *path);
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path);
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path);
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix);
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix, struct strbuf *sb);
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len);
 int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes);
 char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
 int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
 int offset_1st_component(const char *path);
@@ -750,9 +787,6 @@
 /* global flag to enable extra checks when accessing packed objects */
 extern int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
-/* for development: log offset of pack access */
-extern const char *log_pack_access;
-
 extern int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, unsigned long size, const char *type);
 
 extern int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
@@ -850,7 +884,7 @@
 
 extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
 extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
-extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, struct strbuf *);
+extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, int len, struct strbuf *);
 extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules);
@@ -888,6 +922,7 @@
 			struct strbuf *timebuf);
 int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
 int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset);
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp);
 void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
 #define approxidate(s) approxidate_careful((s), NULL)
 unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *, int *);
@@ -922,6 +957,15 @@
  */
 extern int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *, const char *, int);
 
+/*
+ * Compare split idents for equality or strict ordering. Note that we
+ * compare only the ident part of the line, ignoring any timestamp.
+ *
+ * Because there are two fields, we must choose one as the primary key; we
+ * currently arbitrarily pick the email.
+ */
+extern int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *, const struct ident_split *);
+
 struct checkout {
 	const char *base_dir;
 	int base_dir_len;
@@ -931,6 +975,7 @@
 		 refresh_cache:1;
 };
 
+#define TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH 25
 extern int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath);
 
 struct cache_def {
@@ -994,51 +1039,11 @@
 	struct packed_git *p;
 };
 
-struct ref {
-	struct ref *next;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
-	char *symref;
-	unsigned int force:1,
-		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		deletion:1;
-	enum {
-		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
-		REF_STATUS_OK,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
-		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
-		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
-		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
-	} status;
-	char *remote_status;
-	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
-#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
-#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
-
-extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
-
-#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
-extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
-extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
-extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
-struct extra_have_objects {
-	int nr, alloc;
-	unsigned char (*array)[20];
-};
-extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
-extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
-extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
-extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
-extern const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *len_ret);
-
 extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path);
 
+/* A hook for count-objects to report invalid files in pack directory */
+extern void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
 extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
@@ -1066,7 +1071,9 @@
 
 struct object_info {
 	/* Request */
+	enum object_type *typep;
 	unsigned long *sizep;
+	unsigned long *disk_sizep;
 
 	/* Response */
 	enum {
@@ -1110,14 +1117,19 @@
 typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name,
+			       const char *buf, size_t len, void *data);
 extern void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text);
 extern int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
 extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
 extern int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *,
-				   const char *filename, int respect_includes);
+				   const char *filename,
+				   const char *blob_ref,
+				   int respect_includes);
 extern int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *, const char *repo_config);
 extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
+extern int64_t git_config_int64(const char *, const char *);
 extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *, const char *, int *);
 extern int git_config_bool(const char *, const char *);
@@ -1136,6 +1148,9 @@
 extern int git_env_bool(const char *, int);
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define config_error_nonbool(s) (config_error_nonbool(s), -1)
+#endif
 extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
 extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
 
@@ -1149,15 +1164,28 @@
 #define CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT { 0 }
 extern int git_config_include(const char *name, const char *value, void *data);
 
-#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
-#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
-#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
-extern int user_ident_explicitly_given;
-extern int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+/*
+ * Match and parse a config key of the form:
+ *
+ *   section.(subsection.)?key
+ *
+ * (i.e., what gets handed to a config_fn_t). The caller provides the section;
+ * we return -1 if it does not match, 0 otherwise. The subsection and key
+ * out-parameters are filled by the function (and subsection is NULL if it is
+ * missing).
+ */
+extern int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+			    const char *section,
+			    const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+			    const char **key);
+
+extern int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+extern int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 
 extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
 extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 /* IO helper functions */
 extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
@@ -1183,6 +1211,7 @@
 extern int pager_use_color;
 extern int term_columns(void);
 extern int decimal_width(int);
+extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
 
 extern const char *editor_program;
 extern const char *askpass_program;
@@ -1216,7 +1245,7 @@
  * return 0 if success, 1 - if addition of a file failed and
  * ADD_FILES_IGNORE_ERRORS was specified in flags
  */
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags);
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags);
 
 /* diff.c */
 extern int diff_auto_refresh_index;
@@ -1250,7 +1279,7 @@
 #define ws_tab_width(rule)     ((rule) & WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK)
 
 /* ls-files */
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix);
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const struct pathspec *pathspec, const char *prefix);
 void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
 
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
@@ -1265,9 +1294,43 @@
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from, const unsigned char *to);
+/* merge.c */
+struct commit_list;
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from,
+			  const unsigned char *to,
+			  int overwrite_ignore);
+
 
 int sane_execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
 
+/*
+ * A struct to encapsulate the concept of whether a file has changed
+ * since we last checked it. This uses criteria similar to those used
+ * for the index.
+ */
+struct stat_validity {
+	struct stat_data *sd;
+};
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv);
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the path is a regular file (or a symlink to a regular
+ * file) and matches the saved stat_validity, 0 otherwise.  A missing
+ * or inaccessible file is considered a match if the struct was just
+ * initialized, or if the previous update found an inaccessible file.
+ */
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Update the stat_validity from a file opened at descriptor fd. If
+ * the file is missing, inaccessible, or not a regular file, then
+ * future calls to stat_validity_check will match iff one of those
+ * conditions continues to be true.
+ */
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd);
+
 #endif /* CACHE_H */
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
index e8e2681..f672885 100644
--- a/color.c
+++ b/color.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 
-static int git_use_color_default = 0;
+static int git_use_color_default = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
 int color_stdout_is_tty = -1;
 
 /*
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index bb1cc96..3b92c448 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "revision.h"
 
 static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr, int n, int num_parent)
 {
@@ -73,16 +75,24 @@
 
 /* Lines lost from parent */
 struct lline {
-	struct lline *next;
+	struct lline *next, *prev;
 	int len;
 	unsigned long parent_map;
 	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+/* Lines lost from current parent (before coalescing) */
+struct plost {
+	struct lline *lost_head, *lost_tail;
+	int len;
+};
+
 /* Lines surviving in the merge result */
 struct sline {
-	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
-	struct lline *next_lost;
+	/* Accumulated and coalesced lost lines */
+	struct lline *lost;
+	int lenlost;
+	struct plost plost;
 	char *bol;
 	int len;
 	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
@@ -94,6 +104,172 @@
 	unsigned long *p_lno;
 };
 
+static int match_string_spaces(const char *line1, int len1,
+			       const char *line2, int len2,
+			       long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS) {
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE)))
+		return (len1 == len2 && !memcmp(line1, line2, len1));
+
+	while (len1 > 0 && len2 > 0) {
+		len1--;
+		len2--;
+		if (XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])) {
+			if ((flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) &&
+			    (!XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || !XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])))
+				return 0;
+
+			for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]); len1--);
+			for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2]); len2--);
+		}
+		if (line1[len1] != line2[len2])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		/* Consume remaining spaces */
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	/* We matched full line1 and line2 */
+	if (!len1 && !len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum coalesce_direction { MATCH, BASE, NEW };
+
+/* Coalesce new lines into base by finding LCS */
+static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
+				    struct lline *new, int lennew,
+				    unsigned long parent, long flags)
+{
+	int **lcs;
+	enum coalesce_direction **directions;
+	struct lline *baseend, *newend = NULL;
+	int i, j, origbaselen = *lenbase;
+
+	if (new == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	if (base == NULL) {
+		*lenbase = lennew;
+		return new;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Coalesce new lines into base by finding the LCS
+	 * - Create the table to run dynamic programming
+	 * - Compute the LCS
+	 * - Then reverse read the direction structure:
+	 *   - If we have MATCH, assign parent to base flag, and consume
+	 *   both baseend and newend
+	 *   - Else if we have BASE, consume baseend
+	 *   - Else if we have NEW, insert newend lline into base and
+	 *   consume newend
+	 */
+	lcs = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(int*));
+	directions = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction*));
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		lcs[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(int));
+		directions[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction));
+		directions[i][0] = BASE;
+	}
+	for (j = 1; j < lennew + 1; j++)
+		directions[0][j] = NEW;
+
+	for (i = 1, baseend = base; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		for (j = 1, newend = new; j < lennew + 1; j++) {
+			if (match_string_spaces(baseend->line, baseend->len,
+						newend->line, newend->len, flags)) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+				directions[i][j] = MATCH;
+			} else if (lcs[i][j - 1] >= lcs[i - 1][j]) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i][j - 1];
+				directions[i][j] = NEW;
+			} else {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j];
+				directions[i][j] = BASE;
+			}
+			if (newend->next)
+				newend = newend->next;
+		}
+		if (baseend->next)
+			baseend = baseend->next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(lcs[i]);
+	free(lcs);
+
+	/* At this point, baseend and newend point to the end of each lists */
+	i--;
+	j--;
+	while (i != 0 || j != 0) {
+		if (directions[i][j] == MATCH) {
+			baseend->parent_map |= 1<<parent;
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			newend = newend->prev;
+			i--;
+			j--;
+		} else if (directions[i][j] == NEW) {
+			struct lline *lline;
+
+			lline = newend;
+			/* Remove lline from new list and update newend */
+			if (lline->prev)
+				lline->prev->next = lline->next;
+			else
+				new = lline->next;
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline->prev;
+
+			newend = lline->prev;
+			j--;
+
+			/* Add lline to base list */
+			if (baseend) {
+				lline->next = baseend->next;
+				lline->prev = baseend;
+				if (lline->prev)
+					lline->prev->next = lline;
+			}
+			else {
+				lline->next = base;
+				base = lline;
+			}
+			(*lenbase)++;
+
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline;
+
+		} else {
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			i--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	newend = new;
+	while (newend) {
+		struct lline *lline = newend;
+		newend = newend->next;
+		free(lline);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(directions[i]);
+	free(directions);
+
+	return base;
+}
+
 static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
@@ -129,29 +305,19 @@
 	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
 		len--;
 
-	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
-	if (sline->lost_head) {
-		lline = sline->next_lost;
-		while (lline) {
-			if (lline->len == len &&
-			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
-				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
-				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
-				return;
-			}
-			lline = lline->next;
-		}
-	}
-
 	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
 	lline->len = len;
 	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->prev = sline->plost.lost_tail;
+	if (lline->prev)
+		lline->prev->next = lline;
+	else
+		sline->plost.lost_head = lline;
+	sline->plost.lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->plost.len++;
 	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
 	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
 	lline->line[len] = 0;
-	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
-	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
-	sline->next_lost = NULL;
 }
 
 struct combine_diff_state {
@@ -194,7 +360,6 @@
 				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
 					sizeof(unsigned long));
 		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
@@ -215,7 +380,7 @@
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
 			 struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
-			 const char *path)
+			 const char *path, long flags)
 {
 	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
 	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
@@ -231,7 +396,7 @@
 	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz, textconv, path);
 	parent_file.size = sz;
 	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
+	xpp.flags = flags;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.nmask = nmask;
@@ -255,8 +420,18 @@
 		struct lline *ll;
 		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
 
+		/* Coalesce new lines */
+		if (sline[lno].plost.lost_head) {
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno];
+			sl->lost = coalesce_lines(sl->lost, &sl->lenlost,
+						  sl->plost.lost_head,
+						  sl->plost.len, n, flags);
+			sl->plost.lost_head = sl->plost.lost_tail = NULL;
+			sl->plost.len = 0;
+		}
+
 		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
-		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		ll = sline[lno].lost;
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
 				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
@@ -276,7 +451,7 @@
 	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
 	 * some parent, it is interesting.
 	 */
-	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost);
 }
 
 static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
@@ -344,8 +519,11 @@
 		unsigned long k;
 
 		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
-		while (j < i)
-			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+		while (j < i) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark))
+				sline[j].flag |= no_pre_delete;
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+		}
 
 	again:
 		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
@@ -459,7 +637,7 @@
 		has_interesting = 0;
 		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
 			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
-			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost;
 			if (this_diff) {
 				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
 				 * same as others?
@@ -526,7 +704,8 @@
 	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
 }
 
-static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, const char *line_prefix,
+		       unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 		       int use_color, int result_deleted)
 {
 	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
@@ -582,7 +761,7 @@
 			rlines -= null_context;
 		}
 
-		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_frag);
 		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
 			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
@@ -612,9 +791,9 @@
 			int j;
 			unsigned long p_mask;
 			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
-			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost;
 			while (ll) {
-				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_old);
 				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
 					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
 						putchar('-');
@@ -627,6 +806,7 @@
 			if (cnt < lno)
 				break;
 			p_mask = 1;
+			fputs(line_prefix, stdout);
 			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
 				/*
 				 * This sline was here to hang the
@@ -662,7 +842,7 @@
 	jmask = (1UL<<j);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
-		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost;
 		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
@@ -680,11 +860,13 @@
 static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
 			     const char *prefix,
 			     const char *path,
+			     const char *line_prefix,
 			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, line_prefix);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
 	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
@@ -696,6 +878,7 @@
 				 int num_parent,
 				 int dense,
 				 struct rev_info *rev,
+				 const char *line_prefix,
 				 int mode_differs,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
@@ -714,8 +897,8 @@
 		show_log(rev);
 
 	dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
-			 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
-	printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
 					 abbrev);
@@ -734,11 +917,12 @@
 			    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
 				added = 0;
 		if (added)
-			printf("%snew file mode %06o",
-			       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			printf("%s%snew file mode %06o",
+			       line_prefix, c_meta, elem->mode);
 		else {
 			if (deleted)
-				printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("%s%sdeleted file ",
+				       line_prefix, c_meta);
 			printf("mode ");
 			for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 				printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
@@ -755,16 +939,16 @@
 
 	if (added)
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	if (deleted)
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 }
 
 static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
@@ -782,6 +966,7 @@
 	struct userdiff_driver *userdiff;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	int is_binary;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	context = opt->context;
 	userdiff = userdiff_find_by_path(elem->path);
@@ -901,7 +1086,7 @@
 	}
 	if (is_binary) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 0);
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 0);
 		printf("Binary files differ\n");
 		free(result);
 		return;
@@ -916,10 +1101,6 @@
 
 	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
 	sline[0].bol = result;
-	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
-		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
-		sline[lno].flag = 0;
-	}
 	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
 		if (*cp == '\n') {
 			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
@@ -955,22 +1136,22 @@
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
-				     textconv, elem->path);
+				     textconv, elem->path, opt->xdl_opts);
 	}
 
 	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
 
 	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 1);
-		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 1);
+		dump_sline(sline, line_prefix, cnt, num_parent,
 			   opt->use_color, result_deleted);
 	}
 	free(result);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
-		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
-			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		if (sline[lno].lost) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost;
 			while (ll) {
 				struct lline *tmp = ll;
 				ll = ll->next;
@@ -982,14 +1163,11 @@
 	free(sline);
 }
 
-#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
-
 static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int i, offset;
-	const char *prefix;
-	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination, i;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	inter_name_termination = '\t';
@@ -999,18 +1177,18 @@
 	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
 		show_log(rev);
 
+
 	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
-		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
-		if (offset < 0)
-			offset = 0;
-		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+		printf("%s", line_prefix);
+
+		/* As many colons as there are parents */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(':');
 
 		/* Show the modes */
-		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
-			prefix = " ";
-		}
-		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf("%06o ", p->parent[i].mode);
+		printf("%06o", p->mode);
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
@@ -1040,6 +1218,7 @@
 		       struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+
 	if (!p->len)
 		return;
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
@@ -1127,6 +1306,7 @@
 	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first, num_parent = parents->nr;
 
 	diffopts = *opt;
+	copy_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec, &opt->pathspec);
 	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
@@ -1150,8 +1330,10 @@
 
 		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
 			show_log(rev);
+
 			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 		}
 		diff_flush(&diffopts);
 	}
@@ -1179,7 +1361,8 @@
 
 		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 			if (needsep)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
 			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
 				if (p->len)
 					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
@@ -1194,12 +1377,14 @@
 		paths = paths->next;
 		free(tmp);
 	}
+
+	free_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec);
 }
 
 void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense,
 			      struct rev_info *rev)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+	struct commit_list *parent = get_saved_parents(rev, commit);
 	struct sha1_array parents = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	while (parent) {
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index 7e8cfec..08b04e2 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 git-bundle                              mainporcelain
 git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-check-attr                          purehelpers
+git-check-ignore                        purehelpers
+git-check-mailmap                       purehelpers
 git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
 git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4c8286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_H
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_H
+
+/*
+ * define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) creates boilerplate code to define
+ * a new struct (struct slabname) that is used to associate a piece of data
+ * of elemtype to commits, and a few functions to use that struct.
+ *
+ * After including this header file, using:
+ *
+ * define_commit_slab(indegee, int);
+ *
+ * will let you call the following functions:
+ *
+ * - int *indegree_at(struct indegree *, struct commit *);
+ *
+ *   This function locates the data associated with the given commit in
+ *   the indegree slab, and returns the pointer to it.
+ *
+ * - void init_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *   void init_indegree_with_stride(struct indegree *, int);
+ *
+ *   Initializes the indegree slab that associates an array of integers
+ *   to each commit. 'stride' specifies how big each array is.  The slab
+ *   that id initialied by the variant without "_with_stride" associates
+ *   each commit with an array of one integer.
+ */
+
+/* allocate ~512kB at once, allowing for malloc overhead */
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE (512*1024-32)
+#endif
+
+#define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) 				\
+									\
+struct slabname {							\
+	unsigned slab_size;						\
+	unsigned stride;						\
+	unsigned slab_count;						\
+	elemtype **slab;						\
+};									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc;					\
+									\
+static void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s,		\
+					    unsigned stride)		\
+{									\
+	unsigned int elem_size;						\
+	if (!stride)							\
+		stride = 1;						\
+	s->stride = stride;						\
+	elem_size = sizeof(elemtype) * stride;				\
+	s->slab_size = COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / elem_size;			\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)			\
+{									\
+	init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(s, 1);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)			\
+{									\
+	int i;								\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++)				\
+		free(s->slab[i]);					\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	free(s->slab);							\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s,			\
+				const struct commit *c)			\
+{									\
+	int nth_slab, nth_slot;						\
+									\
+	nth_slab = c->index / s->slab_size;				\
+	nth_slot = c->index % s->slab_size;				\
+									\
+	if (s->slab_count <= nth_slab) {				\
+		int i;							\
+		s->slab = xrealloc(s->slab,				\
+				   (nth_slab + 1) * sizeof(s->slab));	\
+		stat_ ##slabname## realloc++;				\
+		for (i = s->slab_count; i <= nth_slab; i++)		\
+			s->slab[i] = NULL;				\
+		s->slab_count = nth_slab + 1;				\
+	}								\
+	if (!s->slab[nth_slab])						\
+		s->slab[nth_slab] = xcalloc(s->slab_size,		\
+					    sizeof(**s->slab) * s->stride);		\
+	return &s->slab[nth_slab][nth_slot * s->stride];				\
+}									\
+									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc
+
+#endif /* COMMIT_SLAB_H */
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 213bc98..57ebea2 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "mergesort.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 
 static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 
 const char *commit_type = "commit";
+static int commit_count;
 
 static struct commit *check_commit(struct object *obj,
 				   const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -58,8 +61,11 @@
 struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, alloc_commit_node());
+	if (!obj) {
+		struct commit *c = alloc_commit_node();
+		c->index = commit_count++;
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, c);
+	}
 	if (!obj->type)
 		obj->type = OBJ_COMMIT;
 	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
@@ -190,19 +196,19 @@
 static int read_graft_file(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (!graft)
 			continue;
 		if (register_commit_graft(graft, 1))
-			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf);
+			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf.buf);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -371,6 +377,22 @@
 	return c;
 }
 
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **pp = &head;
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *new;
+		new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+		new->item = list->item;
+		new->next = NULL;
+		*pp = new;
+		pp = &new->next;
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return head;
+}
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
 {
 	while (list) {
@@ -463,14 +485,23 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
-	commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+
+	while (nr--) {
+		commit_list_insert(*commit, &list);
+		commit++;
+	}
 	while (list)
 		clear_commit_marks_1(&list, pop_commit(&list), mark);
 }
 
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	clear_commit_marks_many(1, &commit, mark);
+}
+
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 {
 	struct object *object;
@@ -498,32 +529,136 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Topological sort support
+ */
+
+/* count number of children that have not been emitted */
+define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
+
+/* record author-date for each commit object */
+define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, unsigned long);
+
+static void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buf, *line_end;
+	char *buffer = NULL;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *date_end;
+	unsigned long date;
+
+	if (!commit->buffer) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		enum object_type type;
+		buffer = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	for (buf = commit->buffer ? commit->buffer : buffer;
+	     buf;
+	     buf = line_end + 1) {
+		line_end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+		if (prefixcmp(buf, "author ")) {
+			if (!line_end[0] || line_end[1] == '\n')
+				return; /* end of header */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident,
+				     buf + strlen("author "),
+				     line_end - (buf + strlen("author "))) ||
+		    !ident.date_begin || !ident.date_end)
+			goto fail_exit; /* malformed "author" line */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	date = strtoul(ident.date_begin, &date_end, 10);
+	if (date_end != ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed date */
+	*(author_date_slab_at(author_date, commit)) = date;
+
+fail_exit:
+	free(buffer);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
+					  void *cb_data)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	struct author_date_slab *author_date = cb_data;
+	unsigned long a_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, a));
+	unsigned long b_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, b));
+
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a->date < b->date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a->date > b->date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort on the list supplied.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **list, enum rev_sort_order sort_order)
 {
 	struct commit_list *next, *orig = *list;
-	struct commit_list *work, **insert;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
+	struct indegree_slab indegree;
+	struct prio_queue queue;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct author_date_slab author_date;
 
 	if (!orig)
 		return;
 	*list = NULL;
 
+	init_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	memset(&queue, '\0', sizeof(queue));
+
+	switch (sort_order) {
+	default: /* REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER */
+		queue.compare = NULL;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE:
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE:
+		init_author_date_slab(&author_date);
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_author_date;
+		queue.cb_data = &author_date;
+		break;
+	}
+
 	/* Mark them and clear the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
-		commit->indegree = 1;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 1;
+		/* also record the author dates, if needed */
+		if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+			record_author_date(&author_date, commit);
 	}
 
 	/* update the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
-		struct commit_list * parents = next->item->parents;
+		struct commit_list *parents = next->item->parents;
 		while (parents) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (parent->indegree)
-				parent->indegree++;
+			if (*pi)
+				(*pi)++;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -535,34 +670,33 @@
 	 *
 	 * the tips serve as a starting set for the work queue.
 	 */
-	work = NULL;
-	insert = &work;
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
 
-		if (commit->indegree == 1)
-			insert = &commit_list_insert(commit, insert)->next;
+		if (*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, commit);
 	}
 
-	/* process the list in topological order */
-	if (!lifo)
-		commit_list_sort_by_date(&work);
+	/*
+	 * This is unfortunate; the initial tips need to be shown
+	 * in the order given from the revision traversal machinery.
+	 */
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER)
+		prio_queue_reverse(&queue);
+
+	/* We no longer need the commit list */
+	free_commit_list(orig);
 
 	pptr = list;
 	*list = NULL;
-	while (work) {
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct commit_list *parents, *work_item;
+	while ((commit = prio_queue_get(&queue)) != NULL) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
 
-		work_item = work;
-		work = work_item->next;
-		work_item->next = NULL;
-
-		commit = work_item->item;
 		for (parents = commit->parents; parents ; parents = parents->next) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (!parent->indegree)
+			if (!*pi)
 				continue;
 
 			/*
@@ -570,21 +704,22 @@
 			 * when all their children have been emitted thereby
 			 * guaranteeing topological order.
 			 */
-			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
-				if (!lifo)
-					commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
-				else
-					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
-			}
+			if (--(*pi) == 1)
+				prio_queue_put(&queue, parent);
 		}
 		/*
-		 * work_item is a commit all of whose children
-		 * have already been emitted. we can emit it now.
+		 * all children of commit have already been
+		 * emitted. we can emit it now.
 		 */
-		commit->indegree = 0;
-		*pptr = work_item;
-		pptr = &work_item->next;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 0;
+
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(commit, pptr)->next;
 	}
+
+	clear_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+		clear_author_date_slab(&author_date);
 }
 
 /* merge-base stuff */
@@ -797,8 +932,7 @@
 	if (!result || !result->next) {
 		if (cleanup) {
 			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -816,8 +950,7 @@
 	free_commit_list(result);
 
 	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 
 	cnt = remove_redundant(rslt, cnt);
 	result = NULL;
@@ -834,7 +967,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Is "commit" a decendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
+ * Is "commit" a descendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
  */
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 {
@@ -852,23 +985,34 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of one of the "references"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit **reference)
+{
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int ret = 0, i;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_reference; i++)
+		if (parse_commit(reference[i]))
+			return ret;
+
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
+	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
+		ret = 1;
+	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_reference, reference, all_flags);
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
  */
 int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bases;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	if (parse_commit(commit) || parse_commit(reference))
-		return ret;
-
-	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, 1, &reference);
-	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
-		ret = 1;
-	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
-	clear_commit_marks(reference, all_flags);
-	free_commit_list(bases);
-	return ret;
+	return in_merge_bases_many(commit, 1, &reference);
 }
 
 struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
@@ -1023,6 +1167,76 @@
 	free(buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	char result;
+	const char *check;
+} sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
+	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
+	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
+};
+
+static void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Iterate over all search strings */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+		const char *found, *next;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1)) {
+			/* At the very beginning of the buffer */
+			found = buf + strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1);
+		} else {
+			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+		}
+		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
+		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
+			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, 16);
+			found += 17;
+			next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
+			sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit->object.sha1,
+				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
+				      signature.buf, signature.len,
+				      &gpg_output, &gpg_status);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		goto out;
+	sigc->gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_status = strbuf_detach(&gpg_status, NULL);
+	parse_gpg_output(sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+}
+
+
+
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
@@ -1152,10 +1366,15 @@
 static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
 {
 	int offset = 0;
+	static const unsigned int max_codepoint[] = {
+		0x7f, 0x7ff, 0xffff, 0x10ffff
+	};
 
 	while (len) {
 		unsigned char c = *buf++;
 		int bytes, bad_offset;
+		unsigned int codepoint;
+		unsigned int min_val, max_val;
 
 		len--;
 		offset++;
@@ -1176,24 +1395,48 @@
 			bytes++;
 		}
 
-		/* Must be between 1 and 5 more bytes */
-		if (bytes < 1 || bytes > 5)
+		/*
+		 * Must be between 1 and 3 more bytes.  Longer sequences result in
+		 * codepoints beyond U+10FFFF, which are guaranteed never to exist.
+		 */
+		if (bytes < 1 || 3 < bytes)
 			return bad_offset;
 
 		/* Do we *have* that many bytes? */
 		if (len < bytes)
 			return bad_offset;
 
+		/*
+		 * Place the encoded bits at the bottom of the value and compute the
+		 * valid range.
+		 */
+		codepoint = (c & 0x7f) >> bytes;
+		min_val = max_codepoint[bytes-1] + 1;
+		max_val = max_codepoint[bytes];
+
 		offset += bytes;
 		len -= bytes;
 
 		/* And verify that they are good continuation bytes */
 		do {
+			codepoint <<= 6;
+			codepoint |= *buf & 0x3f;
 			if ((*buf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80)
 				return bad_offset;
 		} while (--bytes);
 
-		/* We could/should check the value and length here too */
+		/* Reject codepoints that are out of range for the sequence length. */
+		if (codepoint < min_val || codepoint > max_val)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* Surrogates are only for UTF-16 and cannot be encoded in UTF-8. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0x1ff800) == 0xd800)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* U+xxFFFE and U+xxFFFF are guaranteed non-characters. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0xfffe) == 0xfffe)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* So are anything in the range U+FDD0..U+FDEF. */
+		if (codepoint >= 0xfdd0 && codepoint <= 0xfdef)
+			return bad_offset;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -1203,9 +1446,6 @@
  *
  * If it isn't, it assumes any non-utf8 characters are Latin1,
  * and does the conversion.
- *
- * Fixme: we should probably also disallow overlong forms and
- * invalid characters. But we don't do that currently.
  */
 static int verify_utf8(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
@@ -1347,3 +1587,13 @@
 	new->next = NULL;
 	return &new->next;
 }
+
+void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+		       const char *format_cur,
+		       const char *format_last)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
+		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 9f21313..bd841f4 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "decorate.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 struct commit_list {
 	struct commit *item;
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@
 struct commit {
 	struct object object;
 	void *util;
-	unsigned int indegree;
+	unsigned int index;
 	unsigned long date;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	struct tree *tree;
@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@
 				    struct commit_list **list);
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
 
+/* Shallow copy of the input list */
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
 
 /* Commit formats */
@@ -78,6 +83,9 @@
 };
 
 struct pretty_print_context {
+	/*
+	 * Callers should tweak these to change the behavior of pp_* functions.
+	 */
 	enum cmit_fmt fmt;
 	int abbrev;
 	const char *subject;
@@ -86,9 +94,18 @@
 	enum date_mode date_mode;
 	unsigned date_mode_explicit:1;
 	int need_8bit_cte;
-	int show_notes;
+	char *notes_message;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	const char *output_encoding;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
+	int color;
+	struct ident_split *from_ident;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fields below here are manipulated internally by pp_* functions and
+	 * should not be counted on by callers.
+	 */
+	struct string_list in_body_headers;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -98,9 +115,9 @@
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
 extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			     char **commit_encoding,
 			     const char *output_encoding);
-extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
-				     const char **encoding_p);
+extern void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
 extern const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
 				  const char *line_separator);
@@ -108,20 +125,20 @@
 extern void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 				  const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
 				  const struct pretty_print_context *context);
-extern void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+extern void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 				const struct commit *commit,
 				struct strbuf *sb);
 extern void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 			   struct strbuf *sb);
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding);
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte);
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent);
@@ -136,17 +153,27 @@
 struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
 
 void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark);
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark);
 
+
+enum rev_sort_order {
+	REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER = 0,
+	REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE,
+	REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE
+};
+
 /*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort of list supplied.
  *
  *   invariant of resulting list is:
  *      a reachable from b => ord(b) < ord(a)
- *   in addition, when lifo == 0, commits on parallel tracks are
- *   sorted in the dates order.
+ *   sort_order further specifies:
+ *   REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER: try to show a commit on a single-parent
+ *                            chain together.
+ *   REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE: show eligible commits in committer-date order.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo);
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **, enum rev_sort_order);
 
 struct commit_graft {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -163,19 +190,29 @@
 extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
 extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
 
+/* largest positive number a signed 32-bit integer can contain */
+#define INFINITE_DEPTH 0x7fffffff
+
 extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int for_each_commit_graft(each_commit_graft_fn, void *);
 extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
 extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
 		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+extern void check_shallow_file_for_update(void);
+extern void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path);
+extern int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol);
+extern void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+				    const char **alternate_shallow_file);
+extern char *setup_temporary_shallow(void);
 
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
 int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit *);
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *, int, struct commit **);
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
 extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			       const char **pathspec);
+			       const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 static inline int single_parent(struct commit *commit)
 {
@@ -222,4 +259,19 @@
 
 extern int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			       struct strbuf *message, struct strbuf *signature);
+extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+			      const char *format_cur,
+			      const char *format_last);
+
+/*
+ * Check the signature of the given commit. The result of the check is stored
+ * in sig->check_result, 'G' for a good signature, 'U' for a good signature
+ * from an untrusted signer, 'B' for a bad signature and 'N' for no signature
+ * at all.  This may allocate memory for sig->gpg_output, sig->gpg_status,
+ * sig->signer and sig->key.
+ */
+extern void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/apple-common-crypto.h b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8b9b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/* suppress inclusion of conflicting openssl functions */
+#define OPENSSL_NO_MD5
+#define HEADER_HMAC_H
+#define HEADER_SHA_H
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h>
+#define HMAC_CTX CCHmacContext
+#define HMAC_Init(hmac, key, len, algo) CCHmacInit(hmac, algo, key, len)
+#define HMAC_Update CCHmacUpdate
+#define HMAC_Final(hmac, hash, ptr) CCHmacFinal(hmac, hash)
+#define HMAC_CTX_cleanup(ignore)
+#define EVP_md5(...) kCCHmacAlgMD5
+#if __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 1070
+#define APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+/* Apple's TYPE_BOOL conflicts with config.c */
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#define git_CC_error_check(pattern, err) \
+	do { \
+		if (err) { \
+			die(pattern, (long)CFErrorGetCode(err)); \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+#define EVP_EncodeBlock git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock
+static inline int git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef encoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	encoder = SecEncodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(encoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(encoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(encoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+
+#define EVP_DecodeBlock git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock
+static int inline git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef decoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	decoder = SecDecodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(decoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(decoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(decoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+#endif /* APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER */
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dfe9b30..0000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "win32.h"
-#include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
-
-static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
-{
-	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
-			ft->dwLowDateTime;
-	winTime -= 116444736000000000LL; /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
-	/* convert 100-nsecond interval to seconds and nanoseconds */
-	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime/10000000);
-	ts->tv_nsec = (long)(winTime - ts->tv_sec*10000000LL) * 100;
-}
-
-#define size_to_blocks(s) (((s)+511)/512)
-
-/* do_stat is a common implementation for cygwin_lstat and cygwin_stat.
- *
- * To simplify its logic, in the case of cygwin symlinks, this implementation
- * falls back to the cygwin version of stat/lstat, which is provided as the
- * last argument.
- */
-static int do_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf, stat_fn_t cygstat)
-{
-	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
-
-	if (file_name[0] == '/')
-		return cygstat (file_name, buf);
-
-	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
-		/*
-		 * If the system attribute is set and it is not a directory then
-		 * it could be a symbol link created in the nowinsymlinks mode.
-		 * Normally, Cygwin works in the winsymlinks mode, so this situation
-		 * is very unlikely. For the sake of simplicity of our code, let's
-		 * Cygwin to handle it.
-		 */
-		if ((fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM) &&
-		    !(fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-			return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-
-		/* fill out the stat structure */
-		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_ino = 0;
-		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
-		buf->st_nlink = 1;
-		buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = 0;
-#ifdef __CYGWIN_USE_BIG_TYPES__
-		buf->st_size = ((_off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh << 32) +
-			fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#else
-		buf->st_size = (off_t)fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#endif
-		buf->st_blocks = size_to_blocks(buf->st_size);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastAccessTime, &buf->st_atim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastWriteTime, &buf->st_mtim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftCreationTime, &buf->st_ctim);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (errno == ENOENT) {
-		/*
-		 * In the winsymlinks mode (which is the default), Cygwin
-		 * emulates symbol links using Windows shortcut files. These
-		 * files are formed by adding .lnk extension. So, if we have
-		 * not found the specified file name, it could be that it is
-		 * a symbol link. Let's Cygwin to deal with that.
-		 */
-		return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/* We provide our own lstat/stat functions, since the provided Cygwin versions
- * of these functions are too slow. These stat functions are tailored for Git's
- * usage, and therefore they are not meant to be complete and correct emulation
- * of lstat/stat functionality.
- */
-static int cygwin_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, lstat);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, stat);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * At start up, we are trying to determine whether Win32 API or cygwin stat
- * functions should be used. The choice is determined by core.ignorecygwinfstricks.
- * Reading this option is not always possible immediately as git_dir may
- * not be set yet. So until it is set, use cygwin lstat/stat functions.
- * However, if core.filemode is set, we must use the Cygwin posix
- * stat/lstat as the Windows stat functions do not determine posix filemode.
- *
- * Note that git_cygwin_config() does NOT call git_default_config() and this
- * is deliberate.  Many commands read from config to establish initial
- * values in variables and later tweak them from elsewhere (e.g. command line).
- * init_stat() is called lazily on demand, typically much late in the program,
- * and calling git_default_config() from here would break such variables.
- */
-static int native_stat = 1;
-static int core_filemode = 1; /* matches trust_executable_bit default */
-
-static int git_cygwin_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecygwinfstricks"))
-		native_stat = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode"))
-		core_filemode = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_stat(void)
-{
-	if (have_git_dir() && git_config(git_cygwin_config,NULL)) {
-		if (!core_filemode && native_stat) {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat;
-		} else {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = lstat;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? stat : *cygwin_stat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_lstat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? lstat : *cygwin_lstat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat_stub;
-stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat_stub;
-
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a3229f5..0000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
-
-#define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
-#define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
index 0ff1d27..378c467 100644
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
+++ b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 # define _GNU_SOURCE	1
 #endif
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -55,7 +56,8 @@
    program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
    it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
 
-#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+#if defined NO_FNMATCH || defined NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD || \
+    defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
 
 
 # if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@
    whose names are inconsistent.  */
 
 # if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
-extern char *getenv ();
+extern char *getenv (const char *name);
 # endif
 
 # ifndef errno
@@ -135,9 +137,9 @@
 
 # if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
 static char *
-__strchrnul (s, c)
-     const char *s;
-     int c;
+__strchrnul (const char *s, int c)
+
+
 {
   char *result = strchr (s, c);
   if (result == NULL)
@@ -159,11 +161,11 @@
      internal_function;
 static int
 internal_function
-internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int no_leading_period;
-     int flags;
+internal_fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int no_leading_period, int flags)
+
+
+
+
 {
   register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
   register unsigned char c;
@@ -481,10 +483,10 @@
 
 
 int
-fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int flags;
+fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+
+
+
 {
   return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
 }
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index afc892d..fecb98b 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@
 
 	while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		if (errno != EACCES)
 			break;
 		if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
 			errno = ENOTEMPTY;
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@
 		Sleep(delay[tries]);
 		tries++;
 	}
-	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+	while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
 	       ret = rmdir(pathname);
@@ -319,6 +321,31 @@
 	return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
 }
 
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
+{
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+#undef fgetc
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ch;
+	if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
+		return fgetc(stream);
+
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
+	while (1) {
+		ch = fgetc(stream);
+		if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
+			break;
+
+		/* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
+		mingw_raise(SIGINT);
+	}
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
+	return ch;
+}
+
 #undef fopen
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
@@ -335,6 +362,28 @@
 	return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
 }
 
+#undef fflush
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ret = fflush(stream);
+
+	/*
+	 * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
+	 * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
+	 * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
+	 * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
+	 * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
+	 * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
+	 * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
+	 * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
+	 * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
+	 */
+	if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
+		errno = EPIPE;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
  * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
@@ -442,7 +491,6 @@
 	return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 }
 
-#undef fstat
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
@@ -792,8 +840,8 @@
 	struct pinfo_t *next;
 	pid_t pid;
 	HANDLE proc;
-} pinfo_t;
-struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+};
+static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
@@ -1037,6 +1085,12 @@
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		CloseHandle(h);
 		return -1;
+	} else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
+		HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
+		if (h) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	errno = EINVAL;
@@ -1204,7 +1258,7 @@
 	else
 		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
 	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
-	ai->ai_next = 0;
+	ai->ai_next = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1524,7 +1578,7 @@
 static HANDLE timer_thread;
 static int timer_interval;
 static int one_shot;
-static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
 
 /* The timer works like this:
  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
@@ -1538,10 +1592,7 @@
 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
 {
 	while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
-		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
-			die("Alarm");
-		if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
-			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
 		if (one_shot)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -1631,13 +1682,52 @@
 #undef signal
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
 {
-	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
-	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+	sig_handler_t old;
+
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		old = timer_fn;
+		timer_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		old = sigint_fn;
+		sigint_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	default:
 		return signal(sig, handler);
-	timer_fn = handler;
+	}
+
 	return old;
 }
 
+#undef raise
+int mingw_raise(int sig)
+{
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
+			if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
+				fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
+			exit(128 + SIGALRM);
+		} else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		return 0;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
+			exit(128 + SIGINT);
+		else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			sigint_fn(SIGINT);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		return raise(sig);
+	}
+}
+
+
 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
@@ -1699,21 +1789,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-char *getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	fputs(prompt, stderr);
-	for (;;) {
-		char c = _getch();
-		if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
-			break;
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
-	}
-	fputs("\n", stderr);
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-}
-
 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 {
 	HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 61a6521..92cd728 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
 #define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
 
+#ifndef EWOULDBLOCK
 #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#endif
 #define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
 
 #define SIGHUP 1
@@ -46,8 +48,12 @@
 #define F_SETFD 2
 #define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
 
+#ifndef EAFNOSUPPORT
 #define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
+#endif
+#ifndef ECONNABORTED
 #define ECONNABORTED WSAECONNABORTED
+#endif
 
 struct passwd {
 	char *pw_name;
@@ -55,8 +61,6 @@
 	char *pw_dir;
 };
 
-extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
-
 typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
 struct sigaction {
 	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
@@ -179,12 +183,18 @@
 ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
 #define write mingw_write
 
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream);
+#define fgetc mingw_fgetc
+
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 #define fopen mingw_fopen
 
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream);
 #define freopen mingw_freopen
 
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream);
+#define fflush mingw_fflush
+
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
 #define getcwd mingw_getcwd
 
@@ -254,19 +264,35 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and
- * mingw_fstat() instead of fstat() on Windows.
+/*
+ * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows.
  */
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
-#ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+
+/* use struct stat with 64 bit st_size */
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
 #define stat _stati64
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
 #define fstat mingw_fstat
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+
+#ifndef _stati64
+# define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#elif defined (_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+# define _stat32i64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#else
+# define _stat64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
 #endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
@@ -287,6 +313,9 @@
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler);
 #define signal mingw_signal
 
+int mingw_raise(int sig);
+#define raise mingw_raise
+
 /*
  * ANSI emulation wrappers
  */
@@ -315,6 +344,7 @@
 #define find_last_dir_sep mingw_find_last_dir_sep
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
+#define PRId64 "I64d"
 
 void mingw_open_html(const char *path);
 #define open_html mingw_open_html
@@ -327,13 +357,20 @@
 void free_environ(char **env);
 
 /*
+ * A critical section used in the implementation of the spawn
+ * functions (mingw_spawnv[p]e()) and waitpid(). Intialised in
+ * the replacement main() macro below.
+ */
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
+
+/*
  * A replacement of main() that ensures that argv[0] has a path
  * and that default fmode and std(in|out|err) are in binary mode
  */
 
 #define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(); \
-static int mingw_main(); \
-int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
+static int mingw_main(c,v); \
+int main(int argc, char **argv) \
 { \
 	extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs; \
 	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
index aa4b563..580bb55 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
 #define ftruncate    _chsize
+#define strtoull     _strtoui64
+#define strtoll      _strtoi64
 
 static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
@@ -22,21 +24,6 @@
 
 #undef ERROR
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and mingw_fstat() instead
- * of fstat(). We add the declaration of these functions here, suppressing
- * the corresponding declarations in mingw.h, so that we can use the
- * appropriate structure type (and function) names from the msvc headers.
- */
-#define stat _stat64
-int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
-int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
-#define fstat mingw_fstat
-#define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stat64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
-#define ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
 
-#undef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
index e46d8f1..07cbf50 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 
 v1.04alpha_svn915 7th October 2006:
  * Fixed failure to unlock thread cache list if allocating a new list failed.
-Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
+Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Further thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
  * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
 reporting this.
  * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overridden by the build system.
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index ff7c2c4..f216a2a 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -484,6 +484,10 @@
 #define DLMALLOC_VERSION 20804
 #endif /* DLMALLOC_VERSION */
 
+#if defined(linux)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define WIN32 1
@@ -495,7 +499,9 @@
 #endif  /* WIN32 */
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x403
+#endif
 #include <windows.h>
 #define HAVE_MMAP 1
 #define HAVE_MORECORE 0
@@ -1802,7 +1808,7 @@
 
 static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
 
-static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid() {
+static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid(void) {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #if defined(_M_IX86)
   long *threadstruct=(long *)__readfsdword(0x18);
@@ -3598,8 +3604,8 @@
      and choose its bk node as its replacement.
   2. If x was the last node of its size, but not a leaf node, it must
      be replaced with a leaf node (not merely one with an open left or
-     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendents
-     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendent
+     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendants
+     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendant
      of x.  We could use any other leaf, but this is easy to locate and
      tends to counteract removal of leftmosts elsewhere, and so keeps
      paths shorter than minimally guaranteed.  This doesn't loop much
@@ -4778,7 +4784,7 @@
 
 void dlfree(void* mem) {
   /*
-     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceding or succeeding bordering
      free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
      with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
   */
@@ -5680,10 +5686,10 @@
 	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
       * Use last_remainder in more cases.
       * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
-      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshold
       * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
       * Support another case of realloc via move into top
-      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Fix error occurring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
       * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
 	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
       * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
index d9a17a8..609ebba 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@
 #endif
 int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpmallopt(0, parno, value); }
 int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmalloc_trim(0, pad); }
-void   nedmalloc_stats() THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
-size_t nedmalloc_footprint() THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
+void   nedmalloc_stats(void) THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
+size_t nedmalloc_footprint(void) THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
 void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_calloc(0, elemsno, elemsize, chunks); }
 void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_comalloc(0, elems, sizes, chunks); }
 
@@ -603,7 +603,10 @@
 		}
 		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
 		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
-		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		{
+			volatile struct malloc_state **_m=(volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end];
+			*_m=(p->m[end]=temp);
+		}
 		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
 		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
 		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
diff --git a/compat/obstack.h b/compat/obstack.h
index d178bd6..ceb4bdb 100644
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 
 #define __BPTR_ALIGN(B, P, A) ((B) + (((P) - (B) + (A)) & ~(A)))
 
-/* Similiar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
+/* Similar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
    where pointers can be converted to integers, aligned as integers,
    and converted back again.  If PTR_INT_TYPE is narrower than a
    pointer (e.g., the AS/400), play it safe and compute the alignment
diff --git a/compat/poll/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index 7d226ec..31163f2 100644
--- a/compat/poll/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 #if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
 # define WIN32_NATIVE
-# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
 #  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
 # endif
 # include <winsock2.h>
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
 	{
 	  /* It's a socket.  */
 	  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
-	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, NULL, 0);
 
 	  /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
 	     to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.c b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
index 8cf5955..95fe849 100644
--- a/compat/precompose_utf8.c
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
@@ -48,11 +48,8 @@
 	if (output_fd >= 0) {
 		close(output_fd);
 		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfd);
-		/* Indicate to the user, that we can configure it to true */
-		if (!access(path, R_OK))
-			git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", "false");
-		/* To be backward compatible, set precomposed_unicode to 0 */
-		precomposed_unicode = 0;
+		precomposed_unicode = access(path, R_OK) ? 0 : 1;
+		git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", precomposed_unicode ? "true" : "false");
 		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
 		if (unlink(path))
 			die_errno(_("failed to unlink '%s'"), path);
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@
 		size_t namelen;
 		oldarg = argv[i];
 		if (has_non_ascii(oldarg, (size_t)-1, &namelen)) {
-			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose);
+			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose, NULL);
 			if (newarg)
 				argv[i] = newarg;
 		}
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@
 			if (prec_dir->ic_precompose == (iconv_t)-1) {
 				die("iconv_open(%s,%s) failed, but needed:\n"
 						"    precomposed unicode is not supported.\n"
-						"    If you wnat to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
+						"    If you want to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
 						"    \"git config core.precomposeunicode false\"\n",
 						repo_encoding, path_encoding);
 			} else {
diff --git a/compat/regex/regcomp.c b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
index 8c96ed9..06f3088 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regcomp.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
 	      p = buf;
 	      *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      while (++node < dfa->nodes_len
-		     &&	dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
+		     && dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
 		     && dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial)
 		*p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@
 
 /* Entry point of the parser.
    Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
-   If an error is occured, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
    This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
 	   CAT
 	   / \
@@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@
   const int32_t *symb_table;
   const unsigned char *extra;
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
      Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */
 
@@ -2892,11 +2892,11 @@
       return UINT_MAX;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
@@ -2976,11 +2976,11 @@
       return REG_NOERROR;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
-     pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
   __attribute ((always_inline))
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@
      Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3515,7 +3515,7 @@
      Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3715,7 +3715,7 @@
 /* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
    Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
    Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
-   Return -2, If an error is occured.  */
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 3dd8dfa..6aaae00 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Make sure noone compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 # error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
index 193854c..d4121f2 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have ELEM.
-   return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
-   Return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@
 
 
 /* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
-   Or return -1, if an error will be occured.  */
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
diff --git a/compat/regex/regexec.c b/compat/regex/regexec.c
index 0194965..eb5e1d4 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regexec.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regexec.c
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
 
   rval = 0;
 
-  /* I hope we needn't fill ther regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
+  /* I hope we needn't fill their regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
   if (result != REG_NOERROR)
     rval = -1;
   else if (regs != NULL)
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@
    FL_LONGEST_MATCH means we want the POSIX longest matching.
    If P_MATCH_FIRST is not NULL, and the match fails, it is set to the
    next place where we may want to try matching.
-   Note that the matcher assume that the maching starts from the current
+   Note that the matcher assume that the matching starts from the current
    index of the buffer.  */
 
 static int
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@
 			    dfa->nexts[node_idx]))
     /* The node can't accept the `multi byte', or the
        destination was already thrown away, then the node
-       could't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
+       couldn't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
     naccepted = 0;
   /* Otherwise, it is sure that the node could accept
      `naccepted' bytes input.  */
@@ -2313,7 +2313,7 @@
 }
 
 /* Update the state_log if we need */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 		      re_dfastate_t *next_state)
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
       mctx->state_log_top = cur_idx;
     }
-  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == 0)
+  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == NULL)
     {
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
     }
@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@
 /* Skip bytes in the input that correspond to part of a
    multi-byte match, then look in the log for a state
    from which to restart matching.  */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx)
 {
diff --git a/compat/strtok_r.c b/compat/strtok_r.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b5d568..0000000
--- a/compat/strtok_r.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* Reentrant string tokenizer.  Generic version.
-   Copyright (C) 1991,1996-1999,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307 USA.  */
-
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
-   If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
-   the next starting point.  For example:
-	char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
-	char *sp;
-	x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp);	// x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp);	// x = "def", sp = NULL
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp);	// x = NULL
-		// s = "abc\0-def\0"
-*/
-char *
-gitstrtok_r (char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr)
-{
-  char *token;
-
-  if (s == NULL)
-    s = *save_ptr;
-
-  /* Scan leading delimiters.  */
-  s += strspn (s, delim);
-  if (*s == '\0')
-    {
-      *save_ptr = s;
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  /* Find the end of the token.  */
-  token = s;
-  s = strpbrk (token, delim);
-  if (s == NULL)
-    /* This token finishes the string.  */
-    *save_ptr = token + strlen (token);
-  else
-    {
-      /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it.  */
-      *s = '\0';
-      *save_ptr = s + 1;
-    }
-  return token;
-}
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index bbb038d..313897d 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -3,8 +3,22 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
+#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+static void restore_term(void);
+
+static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+{
+	restore_term();
+	sigchain_pop(sig);
+	raise(sig);
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 
+#define INPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+
 static int term_fd = -1;
 static struct termios old_term;
 
@@ -14,58 +28,109 @@
 		return;
 
 	tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &old_term);
+	close(term_fd);
 	term_fd = -1;
 }
 
-static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+static int disable_echo(void)
 {
-	restore_term();
-	sigchain_pop(sig);
-	raise(sig);
+	struct termios t;
+
+	term_fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR);
+	if (tcgetattr(term_fd, &t) < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	old_term = t;
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+
+	t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+	if (!tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &t))
+		return 0;
+
+error:
+	close(term_fd);
+	term_fd = -1;
+	return -1;
 }
 
+#elif defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+#define INPUT_PATH "CONIN$"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "CONOUT$"
+#define FORCE_TEXT "t"
+
+static HANDLE hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static DWORD cmode;
+
+static void restore_term(void)
+{
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return;
+
+	SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode);
+	CloseHandle(hconin);
+	hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+static int disable_echo(void)
+{
+	hconin = CreateFile("CONIN$", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+	    FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+	    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return -1;
+
+	GetConsoleMode(hconin, &cmode);
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+	if (!SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode & (~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT))) {
+		CloseHandle(hconin);
+		hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FORCE_TEXT
+#define FORCE_TEXT
+#endif
+
 char *git_terminal_prompt(const char *prompt, int echo)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int r;
-	FILE *fh;
+	FILE *input_fh, *output_fh;
 
-	fh = fopen("/dev/tty", "w+");
-	if (!fh)
+	input_fh = fopen(INPUT_PATH, "r" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!input_fh)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!echo) {
-		struct termios t;
-
-		if (tcgetattr(fileno(fh), &t) < 0) {
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		old_term = t;
-		term_fd = fileno(fh);
-		sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
-
-		t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-		if (tcsetattr(fileno(fh), TCSAFLUSH, &t) < 0) {
-			term_fd = -1;
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
+	output_fh = fopen(OUTPUT_PATH, "w" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!output_fh) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	fputs(prompt, fh);
-	fflush(fh);
+	if (!echo && disable_echo()) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		fclose(output_fh);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
-	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, fh, '\n');
+	fputs(prompt, output_fh);
+	fflush(output_fh);
+
+	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, input_fh, '\n');
 	if (!echo) {
-		fseek(fh, SEEK_CUR, 0);
-		putc('\n', fh);
-		fflush(fh);
+		putc('\n', output_fh);
+		fflush(output_fh);
 	}
 
 	restore_term();
-	fclose(fh);
+	fclose(input_fh);
+	fclose(output_fh);
 
 	if (r == EOF)
 		return NULL;
diff --git a/compat/unsetenv.c b/compat/unsetenv.c
index eb29f5e..bf5fd70 100644
--- a/compat/unsetenv.c
+++ b/compat/unsetenv.c
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 void gitunsetenv (const char *name)
 {
+#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
      extern char **environ;
+#endif
      int src, dst;
      size_t nmln;
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d8552a..0000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index b14fcf9..c65c2cd 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
 #define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
 #define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
 
+#define UINT32_MAX 0xffffffff  /* 4294967295U */
+
+#define STDIN_FILENO  0
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/compat/win32.h b/compat/win32.h
index 8ce9104..a97e880 100644
--- a/compat/win32.h
+++ b/compat/win32.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define WIN32_H
 
 /* common Win32 functions for MinGW and Cygwin */
-#ifndef WIN32         /* Not defined by Cygwin */
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE	/* Not defined for Cygwin */
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
index 010e875..e18f5c6 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.c
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 pthread_t pthread_self(void)
 {
-	pthread_t t = { 0 };
+	pthread_t t = { NULL };
 	t.tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
 	return t;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32mmap.c b/compat/win32mmap.c
index 61d2ef8..80a8c9a 100644
--- a/compat/win32mmap.c
+++ b/compat/win32mmap.c
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 	if (!(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
 		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with USE_WIN32_MMAP");
 
-	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), 0, PAGE_WRITECOPY,
-		0, 0, 0);
+	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), NULL,
+		PAGE_WRITECOPY, 0, 0, NULL);
 
 	if (!hmap)
 		return MAP_FAILED;
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index fff8a43..e1d66a1 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -10,20 +10,69 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
-typedef struct config_file {
-	struct config_file *prev;
-	FILE *f;
+struct config_source {
+	struct config_source *prev;
+	union {
+		FILE *file;
+		struct config_buf {
+			const char *buf;
+			size_t len;
+			size_t pos;
+		} buf;
+	} u;
 	const char *name;
+	int die_on_error;
 	int linenr;
 	int eof;
 	struct strbuf value;
 	struct strbuf var;
-} config_file;
 
-static config_file *cf;
+	int (*do_fgetc)(struct config_source *c);
+	int (*do_ungetc)(int c, struct config_source *conf);
+	long (*do_ftell)(struct config_source *c);
+};
+
+static struct config_source *cf;
 
 static int zlib_compression_seen;
 
+static int config_file_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return fgetc(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static int config_file_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ungetc(c, conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static long config_file_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ftell(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+
+static int config_buf_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos < conf->u.buf.len)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos++];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static int config_buf_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos > 0)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[--conf->u.buf.pos];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static long config_buf_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return conf->u.buf.pos;
+}
+
 #define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 10
 static const char include_depth_advice[] =
 "exceeded maximum include depth (%d) while including\n"
@@ -58,7 +107,7 @@
 		path = buf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK)) {
+	if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0)) {
 		if (++inc->depth > MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH)
 			die(include_depth_advice, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH, path,
 			    cf && cf->name ? cf->name : "the command line");
@@ -168,26 +217,21 @@
 
 static int get_next_char(void)
 {
-	int c;
-	FILE *f;
+	int c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
 
-	c = '\n';
-	if (cf && ((f = cf->f) != NULL)) {
-		c = fgetc(f);
-		if (c == '\r') {
-			/* DOS like systems */
-			c = fgetc(f);
-			if (c != '\n') {
-				ungetc(c, f);
-				c = '\r';
-			}
+	if (c == '\r') {
+		/* DOS like systems */
+		c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+		if (c != '\n') {
+			cf->do_ungetc(c, cf);
+			c = '\r';
 		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			cf->linenr++;
-		if (c == EOF) {
-			cf->eof = 1;
-			c = '\n';
-		}
+	}
+	if (c == '\n')
+		cf->linenr++;
+	if (c == EOF) {
+		cf->eof = 1;
+		c = '\n';
 	}
 	return c;
 }
@@ -339,7 +383,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+static int git_parse_source(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int comment = 0;
 	int baselen = 0;
@@ -399,7 +443,10 @@
 		if (get_value(fn, data, var) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	if (cf->die_on_error)
+		die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	else
+		return error("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
 }
 
 static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
@@ -421,7 +468,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
+static int git_parse_signed(const char *value, intmax_t *ret, intmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -433,21 +480,25 @@
 		val = strtoimax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		uval = abs(val);
 		uval *= factor;
-		if ((uval > maximum_signed_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (abs(val) > uval))
+		if (uval > max || abs(val) > uval) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		val *= factor;
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+static int git_parse_unsigned(const char *value, uintmax_t *ret, uintmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -459,29 +510,75 @@
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
 		oldval = val;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		if ((val > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (oldval > val))
+		}
+		if (val > max || oldval > val) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void die_bad_config(const char *name)
+static int git_parse_int(const char *value, int *ret)
 {
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int git_parse_int64(const char *value, int64_t *ret)
+{
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int64_t)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+{
+	uintmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_unsigned(value, &tmp, maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void die_bad_number(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *reason = errno == ERANGE ?
+			     "out of range" :
+			     "invalid unit";
+	if (!value)
+		value = "";
+
 	if (cf && cf->name)
-		die("bad config value for '%s' in %s", name, cf->name);
-	die("bad config value for '%s'", name);
+		die("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s",
+		    value, name, cf->name, reason);
+	die("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s", value, name, reason);
 }
 
 int git_config_int(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long ret = 0;
-	if (!git_parse_long(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+	int ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int64_t git_config_int64(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int64_t ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int64(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -489,7 +586,7 @@
 {
 	unsigned long ret;
 	if (!git_parse_ulong(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -512,10 +609,10 @@
 
 int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	int v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
 	if (0 <= v)
 		return v;
-	if (git_parse_long(value, &v))
+	if (git_parse_int(value, &v))
 		return !!v;
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -566,6 +663,25 @@
 		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo") ||
+	    !strcmp(var, "core.checkstat")) {
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: statinfo was a typo in v1.8.2 that has
+		 * never been advertised.  we will remove it at Git
+		 * 2.0 boundary.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(var, "core.statinfo")) {
+			static int warned;
+			if (!warned++) {
+				warning("'core.statinfo' will be removed in Git 2.0; "
+					"use 'core.checkstat' instead.");
+			}
+		}
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+			check_stat = 1;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+			check_stat = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
 		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -669,9 +785,6 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.logpackaccess"))
-		return git_config_string(&log_pack_access, var, value);
-
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.autocrlf")) {
 		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "input")) {
 			if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF)
@@ -717,6 +830,14 @@
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
 		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.commentchar")) {
+		const char *comment;
+		int ret = git_config_string(&comment, var, value);
+		if (!ret)
+			comment_line_char = comment[0];
+		return ret;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.askpass"))
 		return git_config_string(&askpass_program, var, value);
 
@@ -839,6 +960,8 @@
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
 		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.blob"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_blob, var, value);
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
@@ -880,6 +1003,33 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * All source specific fields in the union, die_on_error, name and the callbacks
+ * fgetc, ungetc, ftell of top need to be initialized before calling
+ * this function.
+ */
+static int do_config_from(struct config_source *top, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* push config-file parsing state stack */
+	top->prev = cf;
+	top->linenr = 1;
+	top->eof = 0;
+	strbuf_init(&top->value, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&top->var, 1024);
+	cf = top;
+
+	ret = git_parse_source(fn, data);
+
+	/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
+	strbuf_release(&top->value);
+	strbuf_release(&top->var);
+	cf = top->prev;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -887,30 +1037,74 @@
 
 	ret = -1;
 	if (f) {
-		config_file top;
+		struct config_source top;
 
-		/* push config-file parsing state stack */
-		top.prev = cf;
-		top.f = f;
+		top.u.file = f;
 		top.name = filename;
-		top.linenr = 1;
-		top.eof = 0;
-		strbuf_init(&top.value, 1024);
-		strbuf_init(&top.var, 1024);
-		cf = &top;
+		top.die_on_error = 1;
+		top.do_fgetc = config_file_fgetc;
+		top.do_ungetc = config_file_ungetc;
+		top.do_ftell = config_file_ftell;
 
-		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
-
-		/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
-		strbuf_release(&top.value);
-		strbuf_release(&top.var);
-		cf = top.prev;
+		ret = do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
 
 		fclose(f);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name, const char *buf,
+			size_t len, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
+
+	top.u.buf.buf = buf;
+	top.u.buf.len = len;
+	top.u.buf.pos = 0;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.die_on_error = 0;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_buf_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_buf_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_buf_ftell;
+
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_sha1(config_fn_t fn,
+				     const char *name,
+				     const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     void *data)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to load config blob object '%s'", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
+		return error("reference '%s' does not point to a blob", name);
+	}
+
+	ret = git_config_from_buf(fn, name, buf, size, data);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_ref(config_fn_t fn,
+				    const char *name,
+				    void *data)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return error("unable to resolve config blob '%s'", name);
+	return git_config_from_blob_sha1(fn, name, sha1, data);
+}
+
 const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 {
 	static const char *system_wide;
@@ -938,23 +1132,23 @@
 
 	home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
 
-	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_warn(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
 					    data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, xdg_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (user_config && !access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (user_config && !access_or_die(user_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (repo_config && !access_or_warn(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
@@ -976,7 +1170,9 @@
 }
 
 int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
-			    const char *filename, int respect_includes)
+			    const char *filename,
+			    const char *blob_ref,
+			    int respect_includes)
 {
 	char *repo_config = NULL;
 	int ret;
@@ -995,6 +1191,8 @@
 	 */
 	if (filename)
 		return git_config_from_file(fn, filename, data);
+	else if (blob_ref)
+		return git_config_from_blob_ref(fn, blob_ref, data);
 
 	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
 	ret = git_config_early(fn, data, repo_config);
@@ -1005,7 +1203,7 @@
 
 int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
-	return git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, 1);
+	return git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1037,7 +1235,6 @@
 {
 	const char *ep;
 	size_t section_len;
-	FILE *f = cf->f;
 
 	switch (store.state) {
 	case KEY_SEEN:
@@ -1049,7 +1246,7 @@
 				return 1;
 			}
 
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.seen++;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1076,19 +1273,19 @@
 		 * Do not increment matches: this is no match, but we
 		 * just made sure we are in the desired section.
 		 */
-		store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+		store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 		/* fallthru */
 	case SECTION_END_SEEN:
 	case START:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.state = KEY_SEEN;
 			store.seen++;
 		} else {
 			if (strrchr(key, '.') - key == store.baselen &&
 			      !strncmp(key, store.key, store.baselen)) {
 					store.state = SECTION_SEEN;
-					store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+					store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1279,6 +1476,7 @@
 
 out_free_ret_1:
 	free(*store_key);
+	*store_key = NULL;
 	return -CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 }
 
@@ -1659,7 +1857,41 @@
  * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
  * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
  */
+#undef config_error_nonbool
 int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
 {
 	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
 }
+
+int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+		     const char *section,
+		     const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+		     const char **key)
+{
+	int section_len = strlen(section);
+	const char *dot;
+
+	/* Does it start with "section." ? */
+	if (prefixcmp(var, section) || var[section_len] != '.')
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the key; we don't know yet if we have a subsection, but we must
+	 * parse backwards from the end, since the subsection may have dots in
+	 * it, too.
+	 */
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	*key = dot + 1;
+
+	/* Did we have a subsection at all? */
+	if (dot == var + section_len) {
+		*subsection = NULL;
+		*subsection_len = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		*subsection = var + section_len + 1;
+		*subsection_len = dot - *subsection;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index 69d4838..e6a6d0f 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 AR = @AR@
 TAR = @TAR@
 DIFF = @DIFF@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
 #INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
 
 prefix = @prefix@
@@ -17,11 +18,7 @@
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
 sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
 
-mandir=@mandir@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-export exec_prefix mandir
-export srcdir VPATH
+mandir = @mandir@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82d549e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+# Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
+	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
+	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
+	SOCKLEN_T = int
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
+		SOCKLEN_T = int
+		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
+		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD = YesPlease
+		# There are conflicting reports about this.
+		# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+		# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+		NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	else
+		NO_REGEX = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	else
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
+		INLINE = ''
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	INLINE = __inline
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
+		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
+		INLINE =
+		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
+		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_RESOLV =
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL =
+	NO_EXPAT =
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
+	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
+	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
+	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
+	CC = cc -c99
+	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
+	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
+	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
+	CFLAGS = -g -O0
+	# We'd want it to be here.
+	prefix = /usr/local
+	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
+	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
+	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
+
+	# As detected by './configure'.
+	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
+	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	# Added manually, see above.
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
+
+	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
+	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
+	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
+	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
+	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	GITLIBS += git.res
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	RC = windres -O coff
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir = doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+else
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
+	NO_GETPAGESIZE = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+endif
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index c85888c..2f43393 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
   [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
   [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
   [and then -lpthread.]
-  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+  [--disable-pthreads will disable threading.])],
 [
 if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
@@ -753,6 +753,14 @@
 [#include <dirent.h>])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT])
 #
+# Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
+# in the C library.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct passwd.pw_gecos,
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=],
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <pwd.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT])
+#
 # Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
 # sockaddr_storage.
 AC_CHECK_TYPE(struct sockaddr_storage,
@@ -872,6 +880,12 @@
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H])
+#
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([strings.h],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
 # Define CHARSET_LIB if libiconv does not export the locale_charset symbol
 # and libcharset does
 CHARSET_LIB=
@@ -887,12 +901,6 @@
 [NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRCASESTR])
 #
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtok_r,
-[NO_STRTOK_R=],
-[NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
-GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRTOK_R])
-#
 # Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
 [NO_FNMATCH=],
@@ -1021,10 +1029,20 @@
 # -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
 elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
   threads_found=no
-  for opt in -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
+  # Attempt to compile and link some code using pthreads to determine
+  # required linker flags. The order is somewhat important here: We
+  # first try it without any extra flags, to catch systems where
+  # pthreads are part of the C library, then go on testing various other
+  # flags. We do so to avoid false positives. For example, on Mac OS X
+  # pthreads are part of the C library; moreover, the compiler allows us
+  # to add "-mt" to the CFLAGS (although it will do nothing except
+  # trigger a warning about an unused flag). Hence if we checked for
+  # "-mt" before "" we would end up picking it. But unfortunately this
+  # would then trigger compiler warnings on every single file we compile.
+  for opt in "" -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
      old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
      CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
-     AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
+     AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
      AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1044,7 +1062,7 @@
 else
   old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
   CFLAGS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS $CFLAGS"
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
   AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 49e56ba..8a013a7 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static char *server_capabilities;
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *, const char *, int *);
 
 static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
 {
@@ -59,31 +62,88 @@
 		    "and the repository exists.");
 }
 
+static void parse_one_symref_info(struct string_list *symref, const char *val, int len)
+{
+	char *sym, *target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!len)
+		return; /* just "symref" */
+	/* e.g. "symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master" */
+	sym = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	memcpy(sym, val, len);
+	sym[len] = '\0';
+	target = strchr(sym, ':');
+	if (!target)
+		/* just "symref=something" */
+		goto reject;
+	*(target++) = '\0';
+	if (check_refname_format(sym, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) ||
+	    check_refname_format(target, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		/* "symref=bogus:pair */
+		goto reject;
+	item = string_list_append(symref, sym);
+	item->util = target;
+	return;
+reject:
+	free(sym);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void annotate_refs_with_symref_info(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	const char *feature_list = server_capabilities;
+
+	while (feature_list) {
+		int len;
+		const char *val;
+
+		val = parse_feature_value(feature_list, "symref", &len);
+		if (!val)
+			break;
+		parse_one_symref_info(&symref, val, len);
+		feature_list = val + 1;
+	}
+	sort_string_list(&symref);
+
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_lookup(&symref, ref->name);
+		if (!item)
+			continue;
+		ref->symref = xstrdup((char *)item->util);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 0);
+}
+
 /*
  * Read all the refs from the other end
  */
-struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
-			      unsigned int flags,
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
 			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
 {
+	struct ref **orig_list = list;
 	int got_at_least_one_head = 0;
 
 	*list = NULL;
 	for (;;) {
 		struct ref *ref;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-		static char buffer[1000];
 		char *name;
 		int len, name_len;
+		char *buffer = packet_buffer;
 
-		len = packet_read(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		len = packet_read(in, &src_buf, &src_len,
+				  packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+				  PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF |
+				  PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
 		if (len < 0)
 			die_initial_contact(got_at_least_one_head);
 
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = 0;
 
 		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
 			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
@@ -112,10 +172,13 @@
 		list = &ref->next;
 		got_at_least_one_head = 1;
 	}
+
+	annotate_refs_with_symref_info(*orig_list);
+
 	return list;
 }
 
-const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *lenp)
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *lenp)
 {
 	int len;
 
@@ -169,10 +232,34 @@
 
 enum protocol {
 	PROTO_LOCAL = 1,
+	PROTO_FILE,
 	PROTO_SSH,
 	PROTO_GIT
 };
 
+int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url)
+{
+	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
+	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
+	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
+		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+}
+
+static const char *prot_name(enum protocol protocol)
+{
+	switch (protocol) {
+		case PROTO_LOCAL:
+		case PROTO_FILE:
+			return "file";
+		case PROTO_SSH:
+			return "ssh";
+		case PROTO_GIT:
+			return "git";
+		default:
+			return "unkown protocol";
+	}
+}
+
 static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh"))
@@ -184,7 +271,7 @@
 	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh+git"))
 		return PROTO_SSH;
 	if (!strcmp(name, "file"))
-		return PROTO_LOCAL;
+		return PROTO_FILE;
 	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
 }
 
@@ -464,24 +551,95 @@
 	return proxy;
 }
 
-#define MAX_CMD_LEN 1024
-
-static char *get_port(char *host)
+static const char *get_port_numeric(const char *p)
 {
 	char *end;
-	char *p = strchr(host, ':');
-
 	if (p) {
 		long port = strtol(p + 1, &end, 10);
 		if (end != p + 1 && *end == '\0' && 0 <= port && port < 65536) {
-			*p = '\0';
-			return p+1;
+			return p;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Extract protocol and relevant parts from the specified connection URL.
+ * The caller must free() the returned strings.
+ */
+static enum protocol parse_connect_url(const char *url_orig, char **ret_host,
+				       char **ret_path)
+{
+	char *url;
+	char *host, *path;
+	char *end;
+	int separator = '/';
+	enum protocol protocol = PROTO_LOCAL;
+
+	if (is_url(url_orig))
+		url = url_decode(url_orig);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup(url_orig);
+
+	host = strstr(url, "://");
+	if (host) {
+		*host = '\0';
+		protocol = get_protocol(url);
+		host += 3;
+	} else {
+		host = url;
+		if (!url_is_local_not_ssh(url)) {
+			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
+			separator = ':';
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't do destructive transforms as protocol code does
+	 * '[]' unwrapping in get_host_and_port()
+	 */
+	if (host[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			end++;
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+
+	if (protocol == PROTO_LOCAL)
+		path = end;
+	else if (protocol == PROTO_FILE && has_dos_drive_prefix(end))
+		path = end; /* "file://$(pwd)" may be "file://C:/projects/repo" */
+	else
+		path = strchr(end, separator);
+
+	if (!path || !*path)
+		die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url syntax");
+
+	/*
+	 * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
+	 *    ssh://host.xz/~user/repo
+	 */
+
+	end = path; /* Need to \0 terminate host here */
+	if (separator == ':')
+		path++; /* path starts after ':' */
+	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT || protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
+		if (path[1] == '~')
+			path++;
+	}
+
+	path = xstrdup(path);
+	*end = '\0';
+
+	*ret_host = xstrdup(host);
+	*ret_path = path;
+	free(url);
+	return protocol;
+}
+
 static struct child_process no_fork;
 
 /*
@@ -495,101 +653,36 @@
  * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
  * the connection failed).
  */
-struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
+struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url,
 				  const char *prog, int flags)
 {
-	char *url;
-	char *host, *path;
-	char *end;
-	int c;
+	char *hostandport, *path;
 	struct child_process *conn = &no_fork;
-	enum protocol protocol = PROTO_LOCAL;
-	int free_path = 0;
-	char *port = NULL;
+	enum protocol protocol;
 	const char **arg;
-	struct strbuf cmd;
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
 	 * what happened to our children.
 	 */
 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 
-	if (is_url(url_orig))
-		url = url_decode(url_orig);
-	else
-		url = xstrdup(url_orig);
-
-	host = strstr(url, "://");
-	if (host) {
-		*host = '\0';
-		protocol = get_protocol(url);
-		host += 3;
-		c = '/';
-	} else {
-		host = url;
-		c = ':';
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Don't do destructive transforms with git:// as that
-	 * protocol code does '[]' unwrapping of its own.
-	 */
-	if (host[0] == '[') {
-		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
-		if (end) {
-			if (protocol != PROTO_GIT) {
-				*end = 0;
-				host++;
-			}
-			end++;
-		} else
-			end = host;
-	} else
-		end = host;
-
-	path = strchr(end, c);
-	if (path && !has_dos_drive_prefix(end)) {
-		if (c == ':') {
-			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
-			*path++ = '\0';
-		}
-	} else
-		path = end;
-
-	if (!path || !*path)
-		die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url syntax");
-
-	/*
-	 * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
-	 *    ssh://host.xz/~user/repo
-	 */
-	if (protocol != PROTO_LOCAL && host != url) {
-		char *ptr = path;
-		if (path[1] == '~')
-			path++;
-		else {
-			path = xstrdup(ptr);
-			free_path = 1;
-		}
-
-		*ptr = '\0';
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Add support for ssh port: ssh://host.xy:<port>/...
-	 */
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH && host != url)
-		port = get_port(end);
-
-	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
+	protocol = parse_connect_url(url, &hostandport, &path);
+	if (flags & CONNECT_DIAG_URL) {
+		printf("Diag: url=%s\n", url ? url : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: protocol=%s\n", prot_name(protocol));
+		printf("Diag: hostandport=%s\n", hostandport ? hostandport : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: path=%s\n", path ? path : "NULL");
+		conn = NULL;
+	} else if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
 		/* These underlying connection commands die() if they
 		 * cannot connect.
 		 */
-		char *target_host = xstrdup(host);
-		if (git_use_proxy(host))
-			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, host);
+		char *target_host = xstrdup(hostandport);
+		if (git_use_proxy(hostandport))
+			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, hostandport);
 		else
-			git_tcp_connect(fd, host, flags);
+			git_tcp_connect(fd, hostandport, flags);
 		/*
 		 * Separate original protocol components prog and path
 		 * from extended host header with a NUL byte.
@@ -602,55 +695,51 @@
 			     prog, path, 0,
 			     target_host, 0);
 		free(target_host);
-		free(url);
-		if (free_path)
-			free(path);
-		return conn;
-	}
+	} else {
+		conn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
 
-	conn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
+		strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
+		strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
+		sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
 
-	strbuf_init(&cmd, MAX_CMD_LEN);
-	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
-	strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
-	sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
-	if (cmd.len >= MAX_CMD_LEN)
-		die("command line too long");
+		conn->in = conn->out = -1;
+		conn->argv = arg = xcalloc(7, sizeof(*arg));
+		if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
+			const char *ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
+			int putty = ssh && strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
+			char *ssh_host = hostandport;
+			const char *port = NULL;
+			get_host_and_port(&ssh_host, &port);
+			port = get_port_numeric(port);
 
-	conn->in = conn->out = -1;
-	conn->argv = arg = xcalloc(7, sizeof(*arg));
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
-		const char *ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
-		int putty = ssh && strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
-		if (!ssh) ssh = "ssh";
+			if (!ssh) ssh = "ssh";
 
-		*arg++ = ssh;
-		if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
-			*arg++ = "-batch";
-		if (port) {
-			/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
-			*arg++ = putty ? "-P" : "-p";
-			*arg++ = port;
+			*arg++ = ssh;
+			if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
+				*arg++ = "-batch";
+			if (port) {
+				/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
+				*arg++ = putty ? "-P" : "-p";
+				*arg++ = port;
+			}
+			*arg++ = ssh_host;
+		}	else {
+			/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
+			conn->env = local_repo_env;
+			conn->use_shell = 1;
 		}
-		*arg++ = host;
-	}
-	else {
-		/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
-		conn->env = local_repo_env;
-		conn->use_shell = 1;
-	}
-	*arg++ = cmd.buf;
-	*arg = NULL;
+		*arg++ = cmd.buf;
+		*arg = NULL;
 
-	if (start_command(conn))
-		die("unable to fork");
+		if (start_command(conn))
+			die("unable to fork");
 
-	fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
-	fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
-	strbuf_release(&cmd);
-	free(url);
-	if (free_path)
-		free(path);
+		fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
+		fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
+		strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	}
+	free(hostandport);
+	free(path);
 	return conn;
 }
 
diff --git a/connect.h b/connect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c41a685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/connect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef CONNECT_H
+#define CONNECT_H
+
+#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
+#define CONNECT_DIAG_URL      (1u << 1)
+extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
+extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
+extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+extern int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/connected.c b/connected.c
index 1e89c1c..fae8d64 100644
--- a/connected.c
+++ b/connected.c
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "transport.h"
 
+int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_with_transport(fn, quiet, cb_data, NULL);
+}
 /*
  * If we feed all the commits we want to verify to this command
  *
@@ -14,7 +19,10 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 if everything is connected, non-zero otherwise.
  */
-int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					      int quiet,
+					      void *cb_data,
+					      struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct child_process rev_list;
 	const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "--objects",
@@ -22,10 +30,23 @@
 	char commit[41];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int err = 0;
+	struct packed_git *new_pack = NULL;
 
 	if (fn(cb_data, sha1))
 		return err;
 
+	if (transport && transport->smart_options &&
+	    transport->smart_options->self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    transport->pack_lockfile &&
+	    !suffixcmp(transport->pack_lockfile, ".keep")) {
+		struct strbuf idx_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, transport->pack_lockfile);
+		strbuf_setlen(&idx_file, idx_file.len - 5); /* ".keep" */
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, ".idx");
+		new_pack = add_packed_git(idx_file.buf, idx_file.len, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&idx_file);
+	}
+
 	if (quiet)
 		argv[5] = "--quiet";
 
@@ -42,6 +63,17 @@
 
 	commit[40] = '\n';
 	do {
+		/*
+		 * If index-pack already checked that:
+		 * - there are no dangling pointers in the new pack
+		 * - the pack is self contained
+		 * Then if the updated ref is in the new pack, then we
+		 * are sure the ref is good and not sending it to
+		 * rev-list for verification.
+		 */
+		if (new_pack && find_pack_entry_one(sha1, new_pack))
+			continue;
+
 		memcpy(commit, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(rev_list.in, commit, 41) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
diff --git a/connected.h b/connected.h
index 7e4585a..0b060b7 100644
--- a/connected.h
+++ b/connected.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef CONNECTED_H
 #define CONNECTED_H
 
+struct transport;
+
 /*
  * Take callback data, and return next object name in the buffer.
  * When called after returning the name for the last object, return -1
@@ -16,5 +18,8 @@
  * Return 0 if Ok, non zero otherwise (i.e. some missing objects)
  */
 extern int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data);
+extern int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet,
+						     void *cb_data,
+						     struct transport *transport);
 
 #endif /* CONNECTED_H */
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/README b/contrib/blameview/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fada5ce..0000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-This is a sample program to use 'git-blame --incremental', based
-on this message.
-
-From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
-Subject: Re: More precise tag following
-To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
-Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2007 18:52:38 -0500
-Message-ID: <20070127235238.GA28706@coredump.intra.peff.net>
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
deleted file mode 100755
index 1dec001..0000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-use Gtk2 -init;
-use Gtk2::SimpleList;
-
-my $hash;
-my $fn;
-if ( @ARGV == 1 ) {
-	$hash = "HEAD";
-	$fn = shift;
-} elsif ( @ARGV == 2 ) {
-	$hash = shift;
-	$fn = shift;
-} else {
-	die "Usage blameview [<rev>] <filename>";
-}
-
-Gtk2::Rc->parse_string(<<'EOS');
-style "treeview_style"
-{
-  GtkTreeView::vertical-separator = 0
-}
-class "GtkTreeView" style "treeview_style"
-EOS
-
-my $window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
-$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit });
-my $vpan = Gtk2::VPaned->new();
-$window->add($vpan);
-my $scrolled_window = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new;
-$vpan->pack1($scrolled_window, 1, 1);
-my $fileview = Gtk2::SimpleList->new(
-    'Commit' => 'text',
-    'FileLine' => 'text',
-    'Data' => 'text'
-);
-$scrolled_window->add($fileview);
-$fileview->get_column(0)->set_spacing(0);
-$fileview->set_size_request(1024, 768);
-$fileview->set_rules_hint(1);
-$fileview->signal_connect (row_activated => sub {
-		my ($sl, $path, $column) = @_;
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		system("blameview @$row_ref[0]~1 $fn &");
-		});
-
-my $commitwindow = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new();
-$commitwindow->set_policy ('GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC','GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC');
-$vpan->pack2($commitwindow, 1, 1);
-my $commit_text = Gtk2::TextView->new();
-my $commit_buffer = Gtk2::TextBuffer->new();
-$commit_text->set_buffer($commit_buffer);
-$commitwindow->add($commit_text);
-
-$fileview->signal_connect (cursor_changed => sub {
-		my ($sl) = @_;
-		my ($path, $focus_column) = $sl->get_cursor();
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		my $c_fh;
-		open($c_fh,  '-|', "git cat-file commit @$row_ref[0]")
-					or die "unable to find commit @$row_ref[0]";
-		my @buffer = <$c_fh>;
-		$commit_buffer->set_text("@buffer");
-		close($c_fh);
-		});
-
-my $fh;
-open($fh, '-|', "git cat-file blob $hash:$fn")
-  or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
-
-while(<$fh>) {
-  chomp;
-  $fileview->{data}->[$.] = ['HEAD', "$fn:$.", $_];
-}
-
-my $blame;
-open($blame, '-|', qw(git blame --incremental --), $fn, $hash)
-    or die "cannot start git-blame $fn";
-
-Glib::IO->add_watch(fileno($blame), 'in', \&read_blame_line);
-
-$window->show_all;
-Gtk2->main;
-exit 0;
-
-my %commitinfo = ();
-
-sub flush_blame_line {
-	my ($attr) = @_;
-
-	return unless defined $attr;
-
-	my ($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-	    @{$attr}{qw(COMMIT S_LNO LNO CNT)};
-
-	my ($filename, $author, $author_time, $author_tz) =
-	    @{$commitinfo{$commit}}{qw(FILENAME AUTHOR AUTHOR-TIME AUTHOR-TZ)};
-	my $info = $author . ' ' . format_time($author_time, $author_tz);
-
-	for(my $i = 0; $i < $cnt; $i++) {
-		@{$fileview->{data}->[$lno+$i-1]}[0,1,2] =
-		(substr($commit, 0, 8), $filename . ':' . ($s_lno+$i));
-	}
-}
-
-my $buf;
-my $current;
-sub read_blame_line {
-
-	my $r = sysread($blame, $buf, 1024, length($buf));
-	die "I/O error" unless defined $r;
-
-	if ($r == 0) {
-		flush_blame_line($current);
-		$current = undef;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	while ($buf =~ s/([^\n]*)\n//) {
-		my $line = $1;
-
-		if (($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-		    ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)$/)) {
-			flush_blame_line($current);
-			$current = +{
-				COMMIT => $1,
-				S_LNO => $2,
-				LNO => $3,
-				CNT => $4,
-			};
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# extended attribute values
-		if ($line =~ /^(author|author-mail|author-time|author-tz|committer|committer-mail|committer-time|committer-tz|summary|filename) (.*)$/) {
-			my $commit = $current->{COMMIT};
-			$commitinfo{$commit}{uc($1)} = $2;
-			next;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub format_time {
-  my $time = shift;
-  my $tz = shift;
-
-  my $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$tz : $tz;
-  $minutes = ($minutes / 100)*60 + ($minutes % 100);
-  $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$minutes : $minutes;
-  $time += $minutes * 60;
-  my @t = gmtime($time);
-  return sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s',
-		 $t[5] + 1900, @t[4,3,2,1,0], $tz);
-}
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL b/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
deleted file mode 100644
index 7222961..0000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/INSTALL
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-= Installation instructions =
-
-Two scripts are included.  The Python one (ciabot.py) is faster and
-more capable; the shell one (ciabot.sh) is a fallback in case Python
-gives your git hosting site indigestion. (I know of no such sites.)
-
-It is no longer necessary to modify the script in order to put it
-in place; in fact, this is now discouraged. It is entirely
-configurable with the following git config variables:
-
-ciabot.project = name of the project
-ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true, ship notifications via XML-RPC
-ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-
-The revformat variable may have the following values
-raw -> full hex ID of commit
-short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-describe -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-
-ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-ciabot.xmlrpc defaults to True
-ciabot.revformat defaults to 'describe'.
-
-This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-however setting ciabot.project will allow the hook to run slightly faster.
-
-Once you've set these variables, try your script with -n to see the
-notification message dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.
-
-To live-test these scripts, your project needs to have been registered with
-the CIA site.  Here are the steps:
-
-1. Open an IRC window on irc://freenode/commits or your registered
-   project IRC channel.
-
-2. Run ciabot.py and/or ciabot.sh from any directory under git
-   control.
-
-You should see a notification on the channel for your most recent commit.
-
-After verifying correct function, install one of these scripts either
-in a post-commit hook or in an update hook.
-
-In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-needs.
-
-In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
-from most recent to oldest.
-
-/path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/README b/contrib/ciabot/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 2dfe1f9..0000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-These are hook scripts for the CIA notification service at <http://cia.vc/>
-
-They are maintained by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  There is an
-upstream resource page for them at <http://www.catb.org/esr/ciabot/>,
-but they are unlikely to change rapidly.
-
-You probably want the Python version; it's faster, more capable, and
-better documented.  The shell version is maintained only as a fallback
-for use on hosting sites that don't permit Python hook scripts.
-
-See the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
deleted file mode 100755
index bd24395..0000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Distributed under BSD terms.
-#
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-# It's Python because the Python standard libraries avoid portability/security
-# issues raised by callouts in the ancestral Perl and sh scripts.  It should
-# be compatible back to Python 2.1.5
-#
-# usage: ciabot.py [-V] [-n] [-p projectname]  [refname [commits...]]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
-# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
-# and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-# needs.
-#
-# In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits because it lists
-# from most recent to oldest.
-#
-# /path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
-#
-# Configuration variables affecting this script:
-#
-# ciabot.project = name of the project
-# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-# ciabot.xmlrpc  = if true (default), ship notifications via XML-RPC
-# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-#
-# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-#
-# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
-#
-# The revformat variable may have the following values
-# raw -> full hex ID of commit
-# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-# The default is 'describe'.
-#
-# Note: the CIA project now says only XML-RPC is reliable, so
-# we default to that.
-#
-
-import os, sys, commands, socket, urllib
-from xml.sax.saxutils import escape
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#
-#urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=%(repo)s;a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/%(repo)s/commit/?id="
-
-# The service used to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it
-# will take up less space on the IRC notification line.
-tinyifier = "http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url="
-
-# The template used to generate the XML messages to CIA.  You can make
-# visible changes to the IRC-bot notification lines by hacking this.
-# The default will produce a notfication line that looks like this:
-#
-# ${project}: ${author} ${repo}:${branch} * ${rev} ${files}: ${logmsg} ${url}
-#
-# By omitting $files you can collapse the files part to a single slash.
-xml = '''\
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Python client for Git</name>
-    <version>%(version)s</version>
-    <url>%(generator)s</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>%(project)s</project>
-    <branch>%(repo)s:%(branch)s</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>%(ts)s</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>%(author)s</author>
-      <revision>%(rev)s</revision>
-      <files>
-        %(files)s
-      </files>
-      <log>%(logmsg)s %(url)s</log>
-      <url>%(url)s</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>
-'''
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Where to ship e-mail notifications.
-toaddr = "cia@cia.vc"
-
-# Identify the generator script.
-# Should only change when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator = "http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
-version = "3.6"
-
-def do(command):
-    return commands.getstatusoutput(command)[1]
-
-def report(refname, merged, xmlrpc=True):
-    "Generate a commit notification to be reported to CIA"
-
-    # Try to tinyfy a reference to a web view for this commit.
-    try:
-        url = open(urllib.urlretrieve(tinyifier + urlprefix + merged)[0]).read()
-    except:
-        url = urlprefix + merged
-
-    branch = os.path.basename(refname)
-
-    # Compute a description for the revision
-    if revformat == 'raw':
-        rev = merged
-    elif revformat == 'short':
-        rev = ''
-    else: # revformat == 'describe'
-        rev = do("git describe %s 2>/dev/null" % merged)
-    if not rev:
-        rev = merged[:12]
-
-    # Extract the meta-information for the commit
-    files=do("git diff-tree -r --name-only '"+ merged +"' | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-'")
-    metainfo = do("git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>%n%at%n%s' " + merged)
-    (author, ts, logmsg) = metainfo.split("\n")
-    logmsg = escape(logmsg)
-
-    # This discards the part of the author's address after @.
-    # Might be be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-    # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-    # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-    author = escape(author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1])
-
-    # This ignores the timezone.  Not clear what to do with it...
-    ts = ts.strip().split()[0]
-
-    context = locals()
-    context.update(globals())
-
-    out = xml % context
-    mail = '''\
-Message-ID: <%(merged)s.%(author)s@%(project)s>
-From: %(fromaddr)s
-To: %(toaddr)s
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-
-%(out)s''' % locals()
-
-    if xmlrpc:
-        return out
-    else:
-        return mail
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import getopt
-
-    # Get all config variables
-    revformat = do("git config --get ciabot.revformat")
-    project = do("git config --get ciabot.project")
-    repo = do("git config --get ciabot.repo")
-    xmlrpc = do("git config --get ciabot.xmlrpc")
-    xmlrpc = not (xmlrpc and xmlrpc == "false")
-
-    host = socket.getfqdn()
-    fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
-
-    try:
-        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:xV")
-    except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
-        print "ciabot.py: " + str(msg)
-        raise SystemExit, 1
-
-    notify = True
-    for (switch, val) in options:
-        if switch == '-p':
-            project = val
-        elif switch == '-n':
-            notify = False
-        elif switch == '-x':
-            xmlrpc = True
-        elif switch == '-V':
-            print "ciabot.py: version", version
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    # The project variable defaults to the name of the repository toplevel.
-    if not project:
-        here = os.getcwd()
-        while True:
-            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(here, ".git")):
-                project = os.path.basename(here)
-                break
-            elif here == '/':
-                sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no .git below root!\n")
-                sys.exit(1)
-            here = os.path.dirname(here)
-
-    if not repo:
-        repo = project.lower()
-
-    urlprefix = urlprefix % globals()
-
-    # The script wants a reference to head followed by the list of
-    # commit ID to report about.
-    if len(arguments) == 0:
-        refname = do("git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null")
-        merges = [do("git rev-parse HEAD")]
-    else:
-        refname = arguments[0]
-        merges = arguments[1:]
-
-    if notify:
-        if xmlrpc:
-            import xmlrpclib
-            server = xmlrpclib.Server('http://cia.vc/RPC2');
-        else:
-            import smtplib
-            server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
-
-    for merged in merges:
-        message = report(refname, merged, xmlrpc)
-        if not notify:
-            print message
-        elif xmlrpc:
-            try:
-                # RPC server is flaky, this can fail due to timeout.
-                server.hub.deliver(message)
-            except socket.error, e:
-                sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % e)
-        else:
-            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
-
-    if notify:
-        if not xmlrpc:
-            server.quit()
-
-#End
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 3fbbc53..0000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Fernando J. Pereda <ferdy@gentoo.org>
-# Copyright (c) 2008 Natanael Copa <natanael.copa@gmail.com>
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Assistance and review by Petr Baudis, author of ciabot.pl,
-# is gratefully acknowledged.
-#
-# This is a version 3.x of ciabot.sh; use -V to find the exact
-# version.  Versions 1 and 2 were shipped in 2006 and 2008 and are not
-# version-stamped.  The version 2 maintainer has passed the baton.
-#
-# Note: This script should be considered obsolete.
-# There is a faster, better-documented rewrite in Python: find it as ciabot.py
-# Use this only if your hosting site forbids Python hooks.
-# It requires: git(1), hostname(1), cut(1), sendmail(1), and wget(1).
-#
-# Originally based on Git ciabot.pl by Petr Baudis.
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-#
-# usage: ciabot.sh [-V] [-n] [-p projectname] [refname commit]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook. Try it with -n to see the notification mail dumped to
-# stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its version
-# and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments. It will query for
-# current HEAD and the latest commit ID to get the information it
-# needs.
-#
-# In update, you have to call it once per merged commit:
-#
-#       refname=$1
-#       oldhead=$2
-#       newhead=$3
-#       for merged in $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac) ; do
-#               /path/to/ciabot.sh ${refname} ${merged}
-#       done
-#
-# The reason for the tac call is that git rev-list emits commits from
-# most recent to least - better to ship notifactions from oldest to newest.
-#
-# Configuration variables affecting this script:
-#
-# ciabot.project = name of the project
-# ciabot.repo = name of the project repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-# ciabot.revformat = format in which the revision is shown
-#
-# ciabot.project defaults to the directory name of the repository toplevel.
-# ciabot.repo defaults to ciabot.project lowercased.
-#
-# This means that in the normal case you need not do any configuration at all,
-# but setting the project name will speed it up slightly.
-#
-# The revformat variable may have the following values
-# raw -> full hex ID of commit
-# short -> first 12 chars of hex ID
-# describe = -> describe relative to last tag, falling back to short
-# The default is 'describe'.
-#
-# Note: the shell ancestors of this script used mail, not XML-RPC, in
-# order to avoid stalling until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is
-# down. It is unknown whether this is still an issue in 2010, but
-# XML-RPC would be annoying to do from sh in any case. (XML-RPC does
-# have the advantage that it guarantees notification of multiple commits
-# shpped from an update in their actual order.)
-#
-
-# The project as known to CIA. You can set this with a -p option,
-# or let it default to the directory name of the repo toplevel.
-project=$(git config --get ciabot.project)
-
-if [ -z $project ]
-then
-    here=`pwd`;
-    while :; do
-	if [ -d $here/.git ]
-	then
-	    project=`basename $here`
-	    break
-	elif [ $here = '/' ]
-	then
-	    echo "ciabot.sh: no .git below root!"
-	    exit 1
-	fi
-	here=`dirname $here`
-    done
-fi
-
-# Name of the repo for gitweb/cgit purposes
-repo=$(git config --get ciabot.repo)
-[ -z $repo] && repo=$(echo "${project}" | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
-
-# What revision format do we want in the summary?
-revformat=$(git config --get ciabot.revformat)
-
-# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.  You can hardwire this
-# to make the script faster. The -f option works under Linux and FreeBSD,
-# but not OpenBSD and NetBSD. But under OpenBSD and NetBSD,
-# hostname without options gives the FQDN.
-if hostname -f >/dev/null 2>&1
-then
-    hostname=`hostname -f`
-else
-    hostname=`hostname`
-fi
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=${repo};a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/${repo}/commit/?id="
-
-#
-# You probably will not need to change the following:
-#
-
-# Identify the script. The 'generator' variable should change only
-# when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot/ciabot.sh"
-version=3.5
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail
-from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${hostname}"
-to="cia@cia.vc"
-
-# SMTP client to use - may need to edit the absolute pathname for your system
-sendmail="sendmail -t -f ${from}"
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Should include all places sendmail is likely to lurk.
-PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin/"
-
-mode=mailit
-while getopts pnV opt
-do
-    case $opt in
-	p) project=$2; shift ; shift ;;
-	n) mode=dumpit; shift ;;
-	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version $version"; exit 0; shift ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-# Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-if [ -z "$project" ]
-then
-    echo "ciabot.sh: no project specified, bailing out." >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
-	refname=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-	merged=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
-else
-	refname=$1
-	merged=$2
-fi
-
-# This tries to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it will take up
-# less space on the IRC notification line. Some repo sites (I'm looking at
-# you, berlios.de!) forbid wget calls for security reasons.  On these,
-# the code will fall back to the full un-tinyfied URL.
-longurl=${urlprefix}${merged}
-url=$(wget -O - -q http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=${longurl} 2>/dev/null)
-if [ -z "$url" ]; then
-	url="${longurl}"
-fi
-
-refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
-
-case $revformat in
-raw) rev=$merged ;;
-short) rev='' ;;
-*) rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null) ;;
-esac
-[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=$(echo "$merged" | cut -c 1-12)
-
-# We discard the part of the author's address after @.
-# Might be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-# for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-# would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-author=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%an <%ae>' $merged)
-author=$(echo "$author" | sed -n -e '/^.*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
-
-logmessage=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%s' $merged)
-ts=$(git log -1 '--pretty=format:%at' $merged)
-files=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only ${merged} | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-')
-
-out="
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Shell client for Git</name>
-    <version>${version}</version>
-    <url>${generator}</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>${project}</project>
-    <branch>$repo:${refname}</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>${ts}</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>${author}</author>
-      <revision>${rev}</revision>
-      <files>
-	${files}
-      </files>
-      <log>${logmessage} ${url}</log>
-      <url>${url}</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>"
-
-if [ "$mode" = "dumpit" ]
-then
-    sendmail=cat
-fi
-
-${sendmail} << EOM
-Message-ID: <${merged}.${author}@${project}>
-From: ${from}
-To: ${to}
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-${out}
-EOM
-
-# vim: set tw=70 :
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index cda095d..dba3c15 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #    *) .git/remotes file names
 #    *) git 'subcommands'
 #    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) file paths within current working directory and index
 #    *) common --long-options
 #
 # To use these routines:
@@ -23,10 +24,6 @@
 #    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch,
 #       see git-prompt.sh for details.
 
-if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-	autoload -U +X bashcompinit && bashcompinit
-fi
-
 case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
 *:*) : great ;;
 *)   COMP_WORDBREAKS="$COMP_WORDBREAKS:"
@@ -36,8 +33,6 @@
 # returns location of .git repo
 __gitdir ()
 {
-	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-prompt.sh
-	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
 	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
 		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
 			echo "$__git_dir"
@@ -56,19 +51,6 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-__gitcomp_1 ()
-{
-	local c IFS=$' \t\n'
-	for c in $1; do
-		c="$c$2"
-		case $c in
-		--*=*|*.) ;;
-		*) c="$c " ;;
-		esac
-		printf '%s\n' "$c"
-	done
-}
-
 # The following function is based on code from:
 #
 #   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
@@ -169,7 +151,6 @@
 }
 
 if ! type _get_comp_words_by_ref >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-if [[ -z ${ZSH_VERSION:+set} ]]; then
 _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 {
 	local exclude cur_ words_ cword_
@@ -197,36 +178,20 @@
 		shift
 	done
 }
-else
-_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
-{
-	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
-		case "$1" in
-		cur)
-			cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
-			;;
-		prev)
-			prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
-			;;
-		words)
-			words=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
-			;;
-		cword)
-			cword=$COMP_CWORD
-			;;
-		-n)
-			# assume COMP_WORDBREAKS is already set sanely
-			shift
-			;;
-		esac
-		shift
-	done
-}
-fi
 fi
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen, appending a space to possible
-# completion words, if necessary.
+__gitcompadd ()
+{
+	local i=0
+	for x in $1; do
+		if [[ "$x" == "$3"* ]]; then
+			COMPREPLY[i++]="$2$x$4"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply, appending a space to possible completion words,
+# if necessary.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -238,19 +203,25 @@
 
 	case "$cur_" in
 	--*=)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	*)
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
-			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+		local c i=0 IFS=$' \t\n'
+		for c in $1; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			if [[ $c == "$cur_"* ]]; then
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				COMPREPLY[i++]="${2-}$c"
+			fi
+		done
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
-# completion words by appending a space to all of them.
+# Generates completion reply from newline-separated possible completion words
+# by appending a space to all of them.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words, separated by a single newline.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -261,7 +232,69 @@
 __gitcomp_nl ()
 {
 	local IFS=$'\n'
-	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -S "${4- }" -W "$1" -- "${3-$cur}"))
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" "${4- }"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
+# completion filenames.
+# It accepts 1 to 3 arguments:
+# 1: List of possible completion filenames, separated by a single newline.
+# 2: A directory prefix to be added to each possible completion filename
+#    (optional).
+# 3: Generate possible completion matches for this word (optional).
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+
+	# XXX does not work when the directory prefix contains a tilde,
+	# since tilde expansion is not applied.
+	# This means that COMPREPLY will be empty and Bash default
+	# completion will be used.
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" ""
+
+	# use a hack to enable file mode in bash < 4
+	compopt -o filenames +o nospace 2>/dev/null ||
+	compgen -f /non-existing-dir/ > /dev/null
+}
+
+# Execute 'git ls-files', unless the --committable option is specified, in
+# which case it runs 'git diff-index' to find out the files that can be
+# committed.  It return paths relative to the directory specified in the first
+# argument, and using the options specified in the second argument.
+__git_ls_files_helper ()
+{
+	(
+		test -n "${CDPATH+set}" && unset CDPATH
+		cd "$1"
+		if [ "$2" == "--committable" ]; then
+			git diff-index --name-only --relative HEAD
+		else
+			# NOTE: $2 is not quoted in order to support multiple options
+			git ls-files --exclude-standard $2
+		fi
+	) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+
+# __git_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1: Options to pass to ls-files (required).
+# 2: A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}" file
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_ls_files_helper "$root" "$1" |
+		while read -r file; do
+			case "$file" in
+			?*/*) echo "${file%%/*}" ;;
+			*) echo "$file" ;;
+			esac
+		done | sort | uniq
+	fi
 }
 
 __git_heads ()
@@ -336,14 +369,8 @@
 		done
 		;;
 	*)
-		git ls-remote "$dir" HEAD ORIG_HEAD 'refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*' 'refs/remotes/*' 2>/dev/null | \
-		while read -r hash i; do
-			case "$i" in
-			*^{}) ;;
-			refs/*) echo "${i#refs/*/}" ;;
-			*) echo "$i" ;;
-			esac
-		done
+		echo "HEAD"
+		git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" -- "refs/remotes/$dir/" | sed -e "s#^$dir/##"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -428,7 +455,7 @@
 		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
 		esac
 
-		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" 2>/dev/null \
 				| sed '/^100... blob /{
 				           s,^.*	,,
 				           s,$, ,
@@ -461,6 +488,25 @@
 }
 
 
+# __git_complete_index_file requires 1 argument:
+# 1: the options to pass to ls-file
+#
+# The exception is --committable, which finds the files appropriate commit.
+__git_complete_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx="" cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1" "$pfx")" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+}
+
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
@@ -486,7 +532,6 @@
 			case "$cmd" in
 			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 			fetch)
-				COMPREPLY=()
 				return
 				;;
 			*) ;;
@@ -502,7 +547,6 @@
 		return
 	fi
 	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 	fi
 	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
@@ -562,10 +606,19 @@
 	return 1
 }
 
+__git_commands () {
+	if test -n "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION:-}"
+	then
+		printf "%s" "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION}"
+	else
+		git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]'
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_list_all_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
-	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	for i in $(__git_commands)
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -585,7 +638,7 @@
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
 	__git_compute_all_commands
-	for i in "help" $__git_all_commands
+	for i in $__git_all_commands
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -594,6 +647,8 @@
 		archimport)       : import;;
 		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
 		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ignore)     : plumbing;;
+		check-mailmap)    : plumbing;;
 		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
 		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
 		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
@@ -753,6 +808,43 @@
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Try to count non option arguments passed on the command line for the
+# specified git command.
+# When options are used, it is necessary to use the special -- option to
+# tell the implementation were non option arguments begin.
+# XXX this can not be improved, since options can appear everywhere, as
+# an example:
+#	git mv x -n y
+#
+# __git_count_arguments requires 1 argument: the git command executed.
+__git_count_arguments ()
+{
+	local word i c=0
+
+	# Skip "git" (first argument)
+	for ((i=1; i < ${#words[@]}; i++)); do
+		word="${words[i]}"
+
+		case "$word" in
+			--)
+				# Good; we can assume that the following are only non
+				# option arguments.
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			"$1")
+				# Skip the specified git command and discard git
+				# main options
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			?*)
+				((c++))
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	printf "%d" $c
+}
+
 __git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
 
 _git_am ()
@@ -776,7 +868,6 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_apply ()
@@ -796,13 +887,10 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_add ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -811,7 +899,9 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for --update and --all options ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --modified --directory --no-empty-directory"
 }
 
 _git_archive ()
@@ -856,7 +946,6 @@
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -949,9 +1038,14 @@
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit --signoff --strategy= --mainline"
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -961,15 +1055,15 @@
 
 _git_clean ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for -x option ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --directory"
 }
 
 _git_clone ()
@@ -995,12 +1089,16 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_commit ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
+	case "$prev" in
+	-c|-C)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur}"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
@@ -1029,7 +1127,13 @@
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if git rev-parse --verify --quiet HEAD >/dev/null; then
+		__git_complete_index_file "--committable"
+	else
+		# This is the first commit
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_describe ()
@@ -1045,6 +1149,8 @@
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+__git_diff_algorithms="myers minimal patience histogram"
+
 __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
 			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
@@ -1055,10 +1161,11 @@
 			--no-ext-diff
 			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 			--inter-hunk-context=
-			--patience
-			--raw
+			--patience --histogram --minimal
+			--raw --word-diff
 			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
 			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+			--diff-algorithm=
 "
 
 _git_diff ()
@@ -1066,6 +1173,10 @@
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
 			--base --ours --theirs --no-index
@@ -1077,7 +1188,7 @@
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
-__git_mergetools_common="diffuse ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
+__git_mergetools_common="diffuse diffmerge ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
 			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc3 codecompare
 "
 
@@ -1099,7 +1210,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 __git_fetch_options="
@@ -1118,6 +1229,15 @@
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_format_patch_options="
+	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
+	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
+	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
+	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
+	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
+"
+
 _git_format_patch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
@@ -1128,21 +1248,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "
-			--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread=
-			--output-directory
-			--numbered --start-number
-			--numbered-files
-			--keep-subject
-			--signoff --signature --no-signature
-			--in-reply-to= --cc=
-			--full-index --binary
-			--not --all
-			--cover-letter
-			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
-			--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream
-			--subject-prefix=
-			"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -1160,7 +1266,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gc ()
@@ -1171,7 +1276,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gitk ()
@@ -1248,13 +1352,10 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_ls_files ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1267,7 +1368,10 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX ignore options like --modified and always suggest all cached
+	# files.
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_ls_remote ()
@@ -1383,7 +1487,6 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_merge_base ()
@@ -1399,7 +1502,14 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if [ $(__git_count_arguments "mv") -gt 0 ]; then
+		# We need to show both cached and untracked files (including
+		# empty directories) since this may not be the last argument.
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached --others --directory"
+	else
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_name_rev ()
@@ -1556,6 +1666,12 @@
 		__gitcomp "ssl tls" "" "${cur##--smtp-encryption=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--thread=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			deep shallow
+			" "" "${cur##--thread=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
 			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
@@ -1565,11 +1681,12 @@
 			--signed-off-by-cc --smtp-pass --smtp-server
 			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
 			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
-			--validate --no-validate"
+			--validate --no-validate
+			$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
 _git_stage ()
@@ -1583,7 +1700,7 @@
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
 		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
-		--global|--system|--file=*)
+		--system|--global|--local|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
 			break
 			;;
@@ -1610,7 +1727,7 @@
 _git_config ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
-	branch.*.remote)
+	branch.*.remote|branch.*.pushremote)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1618,11 +1735,19 @@
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		return
 		;;
+	branch.*.rebase)
+		__gitcomp "false true"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.pushdefault)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
 		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		if [ -z "$cur" ]; then
-			COMPREPLY=("refs/heads/")
+			__gitcomp_nl "refs/heads/" "" "" ""
 			return
 		fi
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
@@ -1657,6 +1782,10 @@
 			"
 		return
 		;;
+	diff.submodule)
+		__gitcomp "log short"
+		return
+		;;
 	help.format)
 		__gitcomp "man info web html"
 		return
@@ -1682,14 +1811,13 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	*.*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--global --system --file=
+			--system --global --local --file=
 			--list --replace-all
 			--get --get-all --get-regexp
 			--add --unset --unset-all
@@ -1699,7 +1827,7 @@
 		;;
 	branch.*.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur##*.}"
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		__gitcomp "remote pushremote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*)
@@ -1830,7 +1958,6 @@
 		core.fileMode
 		core.fsyncobjectfiles
 		core.gitProxy
-		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
 		core.ignoreStat
 		core.ignorecase
 		core.logAllRefUpdates
@@ -1852,16 +1979,18 @@
 		core.whitespace
 		core.worktree
 		diff.autorefreshindex
-		diff.statGraphWidth
 		diff.external
 		diff.ignoreSubmodules
 		diff.mnemonicprefix
 		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
 		diff.renames
+		diff.statGraphWidth
+		diff.submodule
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
+		diff.algorithm
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
 		fetch.recurseSubmodules
@@ -1992,6 +2121,7 @@
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
 		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remote.pushdefault
 		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
@@ -2062,7 +2192,6 @@
 		__gitcomp "$c"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -2098,15 +2227,14 @@
 
 _git_rm ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_shortlog ()
@@ -2136,6 +2264,10 @@
 			" "" "${cur#*=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
 			$__git_diff_common_options
@@ -2143,7 +2275,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 _git_show_branch ()
@@ -2175,8 +2307,6 @@
 		*)
 			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
 				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-			else
-				COMPREPLY=()
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -2189,14 +2319,12 @@
 			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
 			;;
 		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
 					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2206,7 +2334,7 @@
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	local subcommands="add status init deinit update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
@@ -2238,7 +2366,7 @@
 			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
 			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
 			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
-			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			--ignore-paths= --include-paths= $remote_opts
 			"
 		local init_opts="
 			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
@@ -2313,7 +2441,6 @@
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2338,13 +2465,10 @@
 
 	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	-*|tag)
 		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_tags)"
-		else
-			COMPREPLY=()
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -2366,9 +2490,10 @@
 		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
+		--git-dir)   ((c++)) ; __git_dir="${words[c]}" ;;
 		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
 		--help) command="help"; break ;;
-		-c) c=$((++c)) ;;
+		-c|--work-tree|--namespace) ((c++)) ;;
 		-*) ;;
 		*) command="$i"; break ;;
 		esac
@@ -2386,6 +2511,7 @@
 			--exec-path
 			--exec-path=
 			--html-path
+			--man-path
 			--info-path
 			--work-tree=
 			--namespace=
@@ -2431,20 +2557,72 @@
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
+if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	echo "WARNING: this script is deprecated, please see git-completion.zsh" 1>&2
+
+	autoload -U +X compinit && compinit
+
+	__gitcomp ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+		case "$cur_" in
+		--*=)
+			;;
+		*)
+			local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+			local -a array
+			for c in ${=1}; do
+				c="$c${4-}"
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				array[${#array[@]}+1]="$c"
+			done
+			compset -P '*[=:]'
+			compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+			;;
+		esac
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_nl ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_file ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	_git ()
+	{
+		local _ret=1 cur cword prev
+		cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+		prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+		let cword=CURRENT-1
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+		let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+		return _ret
+	}
+
+	compdef _git git gitk
+	return
+fi
+
 __git_func_wrap ()
 {
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that quotes spaces in the COMPREPLY
-		# array if IFS doesn't contain spaces.
-		typeset -h IFS
-	fi
 	local cur words cword prev
 	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
 	$1
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaacaf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!tcsh
+#
+# tcsh completion support for core Git.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# When sourced, this script will generate a new script that uses
+# the git-completion.bash script provided by core Git.  This new
+# script can be used by tcsh to perform git completion.
+# The current script also issues the necessary tcsh 'complete'
+# commands.
+#
+# To use this completion script:
+#
+#    0) You need tcsh 6.16.00 or newer.
+#    1) Copy both this file and the bash completion script to ${HOME}.
+#       You _must_ use the name ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash for the
+#       bash script.
+#       (e.g. ~/.git-completion.tcsh and ~/.git-completion.bash).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-completion.tcsh
+#    3) For completion similar to bash, it is recommended to also
+#       add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        set autolist=ambiguous
+#       It will tell tcsh to list the possible completion choices.
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_version = `\echo ${tcsh} | \sed 's/\./ /g'`
+if ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} < 6 || \
+     ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} == 6 && \
+       ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[2]} < 16 ) ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Your version of tcsh is too old, you need version 6.16.00 or newer.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_version
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_original_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash
+set __git_tcsh_completion_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.tcsh.bash
+
+# Check that the user put the script in the right place
+if ( ! -e ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script} ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Cannot find: ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+
+cat << EOF > ${__git_tcsh_completion_script}
+#!bash
+#
+# This script is GENERATED and will be overwritten automatically.
+# Do not modify it directly.  Instead, modify git-completion.tcsh
+# and source it again.
+
+source ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}
+
+# Remove the colon as a completion separator because tcsh cannot handle it
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=\${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+# For file completion, tcsh needs the '/' to be appended to directories.
+# By default, the bash script does not do that.
+# We can achieve this by using the below compatibility
+# method of the git-completion.bash script.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+}
+
+# Set COMP_WORDS in a way that can be handled by the bash script.
+COMP_WORDS=(\$2)
+
+# The cursor is at the end of parameter #1.
+# We must check for a space as the last character which will
+# tell us that the previous word is complete and the cursor
+# is on the next word.
+if [ "\${2: -1}" == " " ]; then
+	# The last character is a space, so our location is at the end
+	# of the command-line array
+	COMP_CWORD=\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}
+else
+	# The last character is not a space, so our location is on the
+	# last word of the command-line array, so we must decrement the
+	# count by 1
+	COMP_CWORD=\$((\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}-1))
+fi
+
+# Call _git() or _gitk() of the bash script, based on the first argument
+_\${1}
+
+IFS=\$'\n'
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	# No completions suggested.  In this case, we want tcsh to perform
+	# standard file completion.  However, there does not seem to be way
+	# to tell tcsh to do that.  To help the user, we try to simulate
+	# file completion directly in this script.
+	#
+	# Known issues:
+	#     - Possible completions are shown with their directory prefix.
+	#     - Completions containing shell variables are not handled.
+	#     - Completions with ~ as the first character are not handled.
+
+	# No file completion should be done unless we are completing beyond
+	# the git sub-command.  An improvement on the bash completion :)
+	if [ \${COMP_CWORD} -gt 1 ]; then
+		TO_COMPLETE="\${COMP_WORDS[\${COMP_CWORD}]}"
+
+		# We don't support ~ expansion: too tricky.
+		if [ "\${TO_COMPLETE:0:1}" != "~" ]; then
+			# Use ls so as to add the '/' at the end of directories.
+			COMPREPLY=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
+		fi
+	fi
+fi
+
+# tcsh does not automatically remove duplicates, so we do it ourselves
+echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
+
+# If there is a single completion and it is a directory, we output it
+# a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space after it.
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${COMPREPLY[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
+	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}"
+fi
+
+EOF
+
+# Don't need this variable anymore, so don't pollute the users environment
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_original_script
+
+complete git  'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} git "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
+complete gitk 'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} gitk "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fac5e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#compdef git gitk
+
+# zsh completion wrapper for git
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
+#
+# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default it
+# would be the location bash-completion uses.
+#
+# If your script is somewhere else, you can configure it on your ~/.zshrc:
+#
+#  zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' script ~/.git-completion.sh
+#
+# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to '~/.zsh/_git', and
+# then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
+#
+#  fpath=(~/.zsh $fpath)
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+zstyle -T ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order && \
+	zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order 'common-commands'
+
+zstyle -s ":completion:*:*:git:*" script script
+if [ -z "$script" ]; then
+	local -a locations
+	local e
+	locations=(
+		'/etc/bash_completion.d/git' # fedora, old debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git' # arch, ubuntu, new debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/git' # gentoo
+		$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})/git-completion.bash
+		)
+	for e in $locations; do
+		test -f $e && script="$e" && break
+	done
+fi
+ZSH_VERSION='' . "$script"
+
+__gitcomp ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*)
+		local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+		local -a array
+		for c in ${=1}; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			case $c in
+			--*=*|*.) ;;
+			*) c="$c " ;;
+			esac
+			array+=("$c")
+		done
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_bash_func ()
+{
+	emulate -L ksh
+
+	local command=$1
+
+	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+	fi
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_common ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(
+	add:'add file contents to the index'
+	bisect:'find by binary search the change that introduced a bug'
+	branch:'list, create, or delete branches'
+	checkout:'checkout a branch or paths to the working tree'
+	clone:'clone a repository into a new directory'
+	commit:'record changes to the repository'
+	diff:'show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc'
+	fetch:'download objects and refs from another repository'
+	grep:'print lines matching a pattern'
+	init:'create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one'
+	log:'show commit logs'
+	merge:'join two or more development histories together'
+	mv:'move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink'
+	pull:'fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch'
+	push:'update remote refs along with associated objects'
+	rebase:'forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head'
+	reset:'reset current HEAD to the specified state'
+	rm:'remove files from the working tree and from the index'
+	show:'show various types of objects'
+	status:'show the working tree status'
+	tag:'create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG')
+	_describe -t common-commands 'common commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_alias ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(${${${(0)"$(git config -z --get-regexp '^alias\.')"}#alias.}%$'\n'*})
+	_describe -t alias-commands 'aliases' list $* && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_all ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	emulate ksh -c __git_compute_all_commands
+	list=( ${=__git_all_commands} )
+	_describe -t all-commands 'all commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_main ()
+{
+	local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
+	typeset -A opt_args
+	local -a orig_words
+
+	orig_words=( ${words[@]} )
+
+	_arguments -C \
+		'(-p --paginate --no-pager)'{-p,--paginate}'[pipe all output into ''less'']' \
+		'(-p --paginate)--no-pager[do not pipe git output into a pager]' \
+		'--git-dir=-[set the path to the repository]: :_directories' \
+		'--bare[treat the repository as a bare repository]' \
+		'(- :)--version[prints the git suite version]' \
+		'--exec-path=-[path to where your core git programs are installed]:: :_directories' \
+		'--html-path[print the path where git''s HTML documentation is installed]' \
+		'--info-path[print the path where the Info files are installed]' \
+		'--man-path[print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages]' \
+		'--work-tree=-[set the path to the working tree]: :_directories' \
+		'--namespace=-[set the git namespace]' \
+		'--no-replace-objects[do not use replacement refs to replace git objects]' \
+		'(- :)--help[prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands]: :->arg' \
+		'(-): :->command' \
+		'(-)*:: :->arg' && return
+
+	case $state in
+	(command)
+		_alternative \
+                         'alias-commands:alias:__git_zsh_cmd_alias' \
+                         'common-commands:common:__git_zsh_cmd_common' \
+                         'all-commands:all:__git_zsh_cmd_all' && _ret=0
+		;;
+	(arg)
+		local command="${words[1]}" __git_dir
+
+		if (( $+opt_args[--bare] )); then
+			__git_dir='.'
+		else
+			__git_dir=${opt_args[--git-dir]}
+		fi
+
+		(( $+opt_args[--help] )) && command='help'
+
+		words=( ${orig_words[@]} )
+
+		__git_zsh_bash_func $command
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git ()
+{
+	local _ret=1
+	local cur cword prev
+
+	cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+	prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+	let cword=CURRENT-1
+
+	if (( $+functions[__${service}_zsh_main] )); then
+		__${service}_zsh_main
+	else
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+	fi
+
+	let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+	return _ret
+}
+
+_git
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
index 5ab488c..7b732d2 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
@@ -3,20 +3,37 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
 # Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
 #
-# This script allows you to see the current branch in your prompt.
+# This script allows you to see repository status in your prompt.
 #
 # To enable:
 #
 #    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-prompt.sh).
 #    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
 #        source ~/.git-prompt.sh
-#    3) Change your PS1 to also show the current branch:
-#         Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#         ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#    3a) Change your PS1 to call __git_ps1 as
+#        command-substitution:
+#        Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        ZSH:  setopt PROMPT_SUBST ; PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        the optional argument will be used as format string.
+#    3b) Alternatively, for a slightly faster prompt, __git_ps1 can
+#        be used for PROMPT_COMMAND in Bash or for precmd() in Zsh
+#        with two parameters, <pre> and <post>, which are strings
+#        you would put in $PS1 before and after the status string
+#        generated by the git-prompt machinery.  e.g.
+#        Bash: PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
+#          will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
+#          various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
+#          your prompt.
+#        ZSH:  precmd () { __git_ps1 "%n" ":%~$ " "|%s" }
+#          will show username, pipe, then various status string,
+#          followed by colon, cwd, dollar and SP, as your prompt.
+#        Optionally, you can supply a third argument with a printf
+#        format string to finetune the output of the branch status
 #
-# The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you are currently
-# in a git repository.  The %s token will be the name of the current
-# branch.
+# The repository status will be displayed only if you are currently in a
+# git repository. The %s token is the placeholder for the shown status.
+#
+# The prompt status always includes the current branch name.
 #
 # In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty value,
 # unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next to the branch
@@ -30,7 +47,10 @@
 #
 # If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can set
 # GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're untracked
-# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
+# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.  You can
+# configure this per-repository with the bash.showUntrackedFiles
+# variable, which defaults to true once GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES is
+# enabled.
 #
 # If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its upstream,
 # set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates you are behind, ">"
@@ -40,6 +60,7 @@
 # of values:
 #
 #     verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
+#     name          if verbose, then also show the upstream abbrev name
 #     legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
 #                   versions of git-rev-list
 #     git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
@@ -58,30 +79,15 @@
 #     branch        relative to newer tag or branch (master~4)
 #     describe      relative to older annotated tag (v1.6.3.1-13-gdd42c2f)
 #     default       exactly matching tag
+#
+# If you would like a colored hint about the current dirty state, set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS to a nonempty value. The colors are based on
+# the colored output of "git status -sb" and are available only when
+# using __git_ps1 for PROMPT_COMMAND or precmd.
 
-# __gitdir accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., location)
-# returns location of .git repo
-__gitdir ()
-{
-	# Note: this function is duplicated in git-completion.bash
-	# When updating it, make sure you update the other one to match.
-	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
-		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
-			echo "$__git_dir"
-		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
-			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
-			echo "$GIT_DIR"
-		elif [ -d .git ]; then
-			echo .git
-		else
-			git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null
-		fi
-	elif [ -d "$1/.git" ]; then
-		echo "$1/.git"
-	else
-		echo "$1"
-	fi
-}
+# check whether printf supports -v
+__git_printf_supports_v=
+printf -v __git_printf_supports_v -- '%s' yes >/dev/null 2>&1
 
 # stores the divergence from upstream in $p
 # used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@
 {
 	local key value
 	local svn_remote svn_url_pattern count n
-	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose=""
+	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose="" name=""
 
 	svn_remote=()
 	# get some config options from git-config
@@ -104,8 +110,8 @@
 			fi
 			;;
 		svn-remote.*.url)
-			svn_remote[ $((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1)) ]="$value"
-			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
+			svn_remote[$((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1))]="$value"
+			svn_url_pattern="$svn_url_pattern\\|$value"
 			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@
 		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
 		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
 		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
+		name)    name=1 ;;
 		esac
 	done
 
@@ -126,10 +133,11 @@
 	svn*)
 		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
 		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
-		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
+		local -a svn_upstream
+		svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
 					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
 		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2]}
 			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
 			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
 			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
@@ -198,44 +206,168 @@
 		*)	    # diverged from upstream
 			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
 		esac
+		if [[ -n "$count" && -n "$name" ]]; then
+			p="$p $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref "$upstream" 2>/dev/null)"
+		fi
 	fi
 
 }
 
+# Helper function that is meant to be called from __git_ps1.  It
+# injects color codes into the appropriate gitstring variables used
+# to build a gitstring.
+__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring ()
+{
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		local c_red='%F{red}'
+		local c_green='%F{green}'
+		local c_lblue='%F{blue}'
+		local c_clear='%f'
+	else
+		# Using \[ and \] around colors is necessary to prevent
+		# issues with command line editing/browsing/completion!
+		local c_red='\[\e[31m\]'
+		local c_green='\[\e[32m\]'
+		local c_lblue='\[\e[1;34m\]'
+		local c_clear='\[\e[0m\]'
+	fi
+	local bad_color=$c_red
+	local ok_color=$c_green
+	local flags_color="$c_lblue"
+
+	local branch_color=""
+	if [ $detached = no ]; then
+		branch_color="$ok_color"
+	else
+		branch_color="$bad_color"
+	fi
+	c="$branch_color$c"
+
+	z="$c_clear$z"
+	if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
+		w="$bad_color$w"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$i" ]; then
+		i="$ok_color$i"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$s" ]; then
+		s="$flags_color$s"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$u" ]; then
+		u="$bad_color$u"
+	fi
+	r="$c_clear$r"
+}
 
 # __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
-# returns text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+# when called from PS1 using command substitution
+# in this mode it prints text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+#
+# __git_ps1 requires 2 or 3 arguments when called from PROMPT_COMMAND (pc)
+# in that case it _sets_ PS1. The arguments are parts of a PS1 string.
+# when two arguments are given, the first is prepended and the second appended
+# to the state string when assigned to PS1.
+# The optional third parameter will be used as printf format string to further
+# customize the output of the git-status string.
+# In this mode you can request colored hints using GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=true
 __git_ps1 ()
 {
-	local g="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -n "$g" ]; then
-		local r=""
-		local b=""
+	local pcmode=no
+	local detached=no
+	local ps1pc_start='\u@\h:\w '
+	local ps1pc_end='\$ '
+	local printf_format=' (%s)'
+
+	case "$#" in
+		2|3)	pcmode=yes
+			ps1pc_start="$1"
+			ps1pc_end="$2"
+			printf_format="${3:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		0|1)	printf_format="${1:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		*)	return
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	local repo_info rev_parse_exit_code
+	repo_info="$(git rev-parse --git-dir --is-inside-git-dir \
+		--is-bare-repository --is-inside-work-tree \
+		--short HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	rev_parse_exit_code="$?"
+
+	if [ -z "$repo_info" ]; then
+		if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+			#In PC mode PS1 always needs to be set
+			PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
+		fi
+		return
+	fi
+
+	local short_sha
+	if [ "$rev_parse_exit_code" = "0" ]; then
+		short_sha="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+		repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	fi
+	local inside_worktree="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local bare_repo="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local inside_gitdir="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	local g="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+
+	local r=""
+	local b=""
+	local step=""
+	local total=""
+	if [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+		read b 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/head-name"
+		read step 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/msgnum"
+		read total 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-merge/end"
 		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
 			r="|REBASE-i"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-m"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
 		else
-			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
-				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
-					r="|REBASE"
-				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
-					r="|AM"
-				else
-					r="|AM/REBASE"
-				fi
-			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|MERGING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
-				r="|BISECTING"
+			r="|REBASE-m"
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+			read step 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/next"
+			read total 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/last"
+			if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+				read b 2>/dev/null <"$g/rebase-apply/head-name"
+				r="|REBASE"
+			elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+				r="|AM"
+			else
+				r="|AM/REBASE"
 			fi
+		elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|MERGING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/REVERT_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|REVERTING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+			r="|BISECTING"
+		fi
 
-			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
-
+		if [ -n "$b" ]; then
+			:
+		elif [ -h "$g/HEAD" ]; then
+			# symlink symbolic ref
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		else
+			local head=""
+			if ! read head 2>/dev/null <"$g/HEAD"; then
+				if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+					PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
+				fi
+				return
+			fi
+			# is it a symbolic ref?
+			b="${head#ref: }"
+			if [ "$head" = "$b" ]; then
+				detached=yes
 				b="$(
 				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
 				(contains)
@@ -248,52 +380,75 @@
 					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
 				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
 
-				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
-				b="unknown"
+				b="$short_sha..."
 				b="($b)"
-			}
+			fi
 		fi
+	fi
 
-		local w=""
-		local i=""
-		local s=""
-		local u=""
-		local c=""
-		local p=""
+	if [ -n "$step" ] && [ -n "$total" ]; then
+		r="$r $step/$total"
+	fi
 
-		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-				c="BARE:"
+	local w=""
+	local i=""
+	local s=""
+	local u=""
+	local c=""
+	local p=""
+
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_gitdir" ]; then
+		if [ "true" = "$bare_repo" ]; then
+			c="BARE:"
+		else
+			b="GIT_DIR!"
+		fi
+	elif [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]
+		then
+			git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
+			if [ -n "$short_sha" ]; then
+				git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
 			else
-				b="GIT_DIR!"
-			fi
-		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
-				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
-					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
-					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
-						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
-					else
-						i="#"
-					fi
-				fi
-			fi
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
-				git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
-				if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
-					u="%"
-				fi
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
-				__git_ps1_show_upstream
+				i="#"
 			fi
 		fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ -r "$g/refs/stash" ]; then
+			s="$"
+		fi
 
-		local f="$w$i$s$u"
-		printf -- "${1:- (%s)}" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showUntrackedFiles)" != "false" ] &&
+		   git ls-files --others --exclude-standard --error-unmatch -- '*' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+		then
+			u="%${ZSH_VERSION+%}"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
+			__git_ps1_show_upstream
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	local z="${GIT_PS1_STATESEPARATOR-" "}"
+
+	# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
+		__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring
+	fi
+
+	local f="$w$i$s$u"
+	local gitstring="$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+$z$f}$r$p"
+
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+		if [ "${__git_printf_supports_v-}" != yes ]; then
+			gitstring=$(printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring")
+		else
+			printf -v gitstring -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
+		fi
+		PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
+	else
+		printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
 	fi
 }
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..428cc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# List people who might be interested in a patch.  Useful as the argument to
+# git-send-email --cc-cmd option, and in other situations.
+#
+# Usage: git contacts <file | rev-list option> ...
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+my $since = '5-years-ago';
+my $min_percent = 10;
+my $labels_rx = qr/Signed-off-by|Reviewed-by|Acked-by|Cc/i;
+my %seen;
+
+sub format_contact {
+	my ($name, $email) = @_;
+	return "$name <$email>";
+}
+
+sub parse_commit {
+	my ($commit, $data) = @_;
+	my $contacts = $commit->{contacts};
+	my $inbody = 0;
+	for (split(/^/m, $data)) {
+		if (not $inbody) {
+			if (/^author ([^<>]+) <(\S+)> .+$/) {
+				$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+			} elsif (/^$/) {
+				$inbody = 1;
+			}
+		} elsif (/^$labels_rx:\s+([^<>]+)\s+<(\S+?)>$/o) {
+			$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub import_commits {
+	my ($commits) = @_;
+	return unless %$commits;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git cat-file --batch);
+	for my $id (keys(%$commits)) {
+		print $writer "$id\n";
+		my $line = <$reader>;
+		if ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) commit (\d+)/) {
+			my ($cid, $len) = ($1, $2);
+			die "expected $id but got $cid\n" unless $id eq $cid;
+			my $data;
+			# cat-file emits newline after data, so read len+1
+			read $reader, $data, $len + 1;
+			parse_commit($commits->{$id}, $data);
+		}
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-cat-file error: $?\n" if $?;
+}
+
+sub get_blame {
+	my ($commits, $source, $from, $ranges) = @_;
+	return unless @$ranges;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git blame --porcelain -C),
+		map({"-L$_->[0],+$_->[1]"} @$ranges),
+		'--since', $since, "$from^", '--', $source or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^([0-9a-f]{40}) \d+ \d+ \d+$/) {
+			my $id = $1;
+			$commits->{$id} = { id => $id, contacts => {} }
+				unless $seen{$id};
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub blame_sources {
+	my ($sources, $commits) = @_;
+	for my $s (keys %$sources) {
+		for my $id (keys %{$sources->{$s}}) {
+			get_blame($commits, $s, $id, $sources->{$s}{$id});
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patches {
+	my ($sources, $id, $f) = @_;
+	my $source;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^From ([0-9a-f]{40}) Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001$/) {
+			$id = $1;
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+		next unless $id;
+		if (m{^--- (?:a/(.+)|/dev/null)$}) {
+			$source = $1;
+		} elsif (/^--- /) {
+			die "Cannot parse hunk source: $_\n";
+		} elsif (/^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?/ && $source) {
+			my $len = defined($2) ? $2 : 1;
+			push @{$sources->{$source}{$id}}, [$1, $len] if $len;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patch_file {
+	my ($commits, $file) = @_;
+	open my $f, '<', $file or die "read failure: $file: $!\n";
+	scan_patches($commits, undef, $f);
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub parse_rev_args {
+	my @args = @_;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git rev-parse --revs-only --default HEAD --symbolic), @args
+		or die;
+	my @revs;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		push @revs, $_;
+	}
+	close $f;
+	return @revs if scalar(@revs) != 1;
+	return "^$revs[0]", 'HEAD' unless $revs[0] =~ /^-/;
+	return $revs[0], 'HEAD';
+}
+
+sub scan_rev_args {
+	my ($commits, $args) = @_;
+	my @revs = parse_rev_args(@$args);
+	open my $f, '-|', qw(git rev-list --reverse), @revs or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		my $id = $_;
+		$seen{$id} = 1;
+		open my $g, '-|', qw(git show -C --oneline), $id or die;
+		scan_patches($commits, $id, $g);
+		close $g;
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub mailmap_contacts {
+	my ($contacts) = @_;
+	my %mapped;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git check-mailmap --stdin);
+	for my $contact (keys(%$contacts)) {
+		print $writer "$contact\n";
+		my $canonical = <$reader>;
+		chomp $canonical;
+		$mapped{$canonical} += $contacts->{$contact};
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-check-mailmap error: $?\n" if $?;
+	return \%mapped;
+}
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	die "No input revisions or patch files\n";
+}
+
+my (@files, @rev_args);
+for (@ARGV) {
+	if (-e) {
+		push @files, $_;
+	} else {
+		push @rev_args, $_;
+	}
+}
+
+my %sources;
+for (@files) {
+	scan_patch_file(\%sources, $_);
+}
+if (@rev_args) {
+	scan_rev_args(\%sources, \@rev_args)
+}
+
+my $toplevel = `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`;
+chomp $toplevel;
+chdir($toplevel) or die "chdir failure: $toplevel: $!\n";
+
+my %commits;
+blame_sources(\%sources, \%commits);
+import_commits(\%commits);
+
+my $contacts = {};
+for my $commit (values %commits) {
+	for my $contact (keys %{$commit->{contacts}}) {
+		$contacts->{$contact}++;
+	}
+}
+$contacts = mailmap_contacts($contacts);
+
+my $ncommits = scalar(keys %commits);
+for my $contact (keys %$contacts) {
+	my $percent = $contacts->{$contact} * 100 / $ncommits;
+	next if $percent < $min_percent;
+	print "$contact\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd914d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+git-contacts(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-contacts - List people who might be interested in a set of changes
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git contacts' (<patch>|<range>|<rev>)...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Given a set of changes, specified as patch files or revisions, determine people
+who might be interested in those changes.  This is done by consulting the
+history of each patch or revision hunk to find people mentioned by commits
+which touched the lines of files under consideration.
+
+Input consists of one or more patch files or revision arguments.  A revision
+argument can be a range or a single `<rev>` which is interpreted as
+`<rev>..HEAD`, thus the same revision arguments are accepted as for
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1]. Patch files and revision arguments can be combined
+in the same invocation.
+
+This command can be useful for determining the list of people with whom to
+discuss proposed changes, or for finding the list of recipients to Cc: when
+submitting a patch series via `git send-email`. For the latter case, `git
+contacts` can be used as the argument to `git send-email`'s `--cc-cmd` option.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+`git blame` is invoked for each hunk in a patch file or revision.  For each
+commit mentioned by `git blame`, the commit message is consulted for people who
+authored, reviewed, signed, acknowledged, or were Cc:'d.  Once the list of
+participants is known, each person's relevance is computed by considering how
+many commits mentioned that person compared with the total number of commits
+under consideration.  The final output consists only of participants who exceed
+a minimum threshold of participation.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each person of interest, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.
+If the person's name is known, ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is printed; otherwise
+only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Consult patch files:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+* Revision range:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts R1..R2
+------------
+
+* From a single revision to `HEAD`:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts origin
+------------
+
+* Helper for `git send-email`:
++
+------------
+$ git send-email --cc-cmd='git contacts' feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+
+LIMITATIONS
+-----------
+
+Several conditions controlling a person's significance are currently
+hard-coded, such as minimum participation level (10%), blame date-limiting (5
+years), and `-C` level for detecting moved and copied lines (a single `-C`). In
+the future, these conditions may become configurable.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
deleted file mode 100644
index 4009a15..0000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,503 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A daemon that waits for update events sent by its companion
-# post-receive-cinotify hook, checks out a new copy of source,
-# compiles it, and emails the guilty parties if the compile
-# (and optionally test suite) fails.
-#
-# To use this daemon, configure it and run it.  It will disconnect
-# from your terminal and fork into the background.  The daemon must
-# have local filesystem access to the source repositories, as it
-# uses objects/info/alternates to avoid copying objects.
-#
-# Add its companion post-receive-cinotify hook as the post-receive
-# hook to each repository that the daemon should monitor.  Yes, a
-# single daemon can monitor more than one repository.
-#
-# To use multiple daemons on the same system, give them each a
-# unique queue file and tmpdir.
-#
-# Global Config
-# -------------
-# Reads from a Git style configuration file.  This will be
-# ~/.gitconfig by default but can be overridden by setting
-# the GIT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable before starting.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpHost
-#   Hostname of the SMTP server the daemon will send email
-#   through.  Defaults to 'localhost'.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpUser
-#   Username to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional; if it is not supplied then no
-#   authentication will be performed.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpPassword
-#   Password to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional.  If not supplied but smtpUser was,
-#   the daemon prompts for the password before forking into
-#   the background.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpAuth
-#   Type of authentication to perform with the SMTP server.
-#   If set to 'login' and smtpUser was defined, this will
-#   use the AUTH LOGIN command, which is suitable for use
-#   with at least one version of Microsoft Exchange Server.
-#   If not set the daemon will use whatever auth methods
-#   are supported by your version of Net::SMTP.
-#
-# cidaemon.email
-#   Email address that daemon generated emails will be sent
-#   from.  This should be a useful email address within your
-#   organization.  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.name
-#   Human friendly name that the daemon will send emails as.
-#   Defaults to 'cidaemon'.
-#
-# cidaemon.scanDelay
-#   Number of seconds to sleep between polls of the queue file.
-#   Defaults to 60.
-#
-# cidaemon.recentCache
-#   Number of recent commit SHA-1s per repository to cache and
-#   skip building if they appear again.  This is useful to avoid
-#   rebuilding the same commit multiple times just because it was
-#   pushed into more than one branch.  Defaults to 100.
-#
-# cidaemon.tmpdir
-#   Scratch directory to create the builds within.  The daemon
-#   makes a new subdirectory for each build, then deletes it when
-#   the build has finished.  The pid file is also placed here.
-#   Defaults to '/tmp'.
-#
-# cidaemon.queue
-#   Path to the queue file that the post-receive-cinotify hook
-#   appends events to.  This file is polled by the daemon.  It
-#   must not be on an NFS mount (uses flock).  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.nocc
-#   Perl regex patterns to match against author and committer
-#   lines.  If a pattern matches, that author or committer will
-#   not be notified of a build failure.
-#
-# Per Repository Config
-# ----------------------
-# Read from the source repository's config file.
-#
-# builder.command
-#   Shell command to execute the build.  This command must
-#   return 0 on "success" and non-zero on failure.  If you
-#   also want to run a test suite, make sure your command
-#   does that too.  Required.
-#
-# builder.queue
-#   Queue file to notify the cidaemon through.  Should match
-#   cidaemon.queue.  If not set the hook will not notify the
-#   cidaemon.
-#
-# builder.skip
-#   Perl regex patterns of refs that should not be sent to
-#   cidaemon.  Updates of these refs will be ignored.
-#
-# builder.newBranchBase
-#   Glob patterns of refs that should be used to form the
-#   'old' revions of a newly created ref.  This should set
-#   to be globs that match your 'mainline' branches.  This
-#   way a build failure of a brand new topic branch does not
-#   attempt to email everyone since the beginning of time;
-#   instead it only emails those authors of commits not in
-#   these 'mainline' branches.
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = join ':', qw(
-	/opt/git/bin
-	/usr/bin
-	/bin
-	);
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use FindBin qw($RealBin);
-use File::Spec;
-use lib File::Spec->catfile($RealBin, '..', 'perl5');
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-use POSIX qw(strftime);
-use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev auto_help);
-
-sub git_config ($;$)
-{
-	my $var = shift;
-	my $required = shift || 0;
-	local *GIT;
-	open GIT, '-|','git','config','--get',$var;
-	my $r = <GIT>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close GIT;
-	die "error: $var not set.\n" if ($required && !$r);
-	return $r;
-}
-
-package EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP;
-
-# Microsoft Exchange Server requires an 'AUTH LOGIN'
-# style of authentication.  This is different from
-# the default supported by Net::SMTP so we subclass
-# and override the auth method to support that.
-
-use Net::SMTP;
-use Net::Cmd;
-use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
-our @ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);
-our $auth_type = ::git_config 'cidaemon.smtpAuth';
-
-sub new
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	my $type = ref($self) || $self;
-	$type->SUPER::new(@_);
-}
-
-sub auth
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	return $self->SUPER::auth(@_) unless $auth_type eq 'login';
-
-	my $user = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	my $pass = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command("AUTH LOGIN")->response;
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command($user)->response;
-	CMD_OK == $self->command($pass)->response;
-}
-
-package main;
-
-my ($debug_flag, %recent);
-
-my $ex_host = git_config('cidaemon.smtpHost') || 'localhost';
-my $ex_user = git_config('cidaemon.smtpUser');
-my $ex_pass = git_config('cidaemon.smtpPassword');
-
-my $ex_from_addr = git_config('cidaemon.email', 1);
-my $ex_from_name = git_config('cidaemon.name') || 'cidaemon';
-
-my $scan_delay = git_config('cidaemon.scanDelay') || 60;
-my $recent_size = git_config('cidaemon.recentCache') || 100;
-my $tmpdir = git_config('cidaemon.tmpdir') || '/tmp';
-my $queue_name = git_config('cidaemon.queue', 1);
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @nocc_list;
-open GIT,'git config --get-all cidaemon.nocc|';
-while (<GIT>) {
-	chop;
-	push @nocc_list, $_;
-}
-close GIT;
-
-sub nocc_author ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $pat (@nocc_list) {
-		return 1 if /$pat/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-sub input_echo ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub input_noecho ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	my $end = sub {system('stty','echo');print "\n";exit};
-	local $SIG{TERM} = $end;
-	local $SIG{INT} = $end;
-	system('stty','-echo');
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	system('stty','echo');
-	print "\n";
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub rfc2822_date ()
-{
-	 strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime);
-}
-
-sub send_email ($$$)
-{
-	my ($subj, $body, $to) = @_;
-	my $now = rfc2822_date;
-	my $to_str = '';
-	my @rcpt_to;
-	foreach (@$to) {
-		my $s = $_;
-		$s =~ s/^/"/;
-		$s =~ s/(\s+<)/"$1/;
-		$to_str .= ', ' if $to_str;
-		$to_str .= $s;
-		push @rcpt_to, $1 if $s =~ /<(.*)>/;
-	}
-	die "Nobody to send to.\n" unless @rcpt_to;
-	my $msg = <<EOF;
-From: "$ex_from_name" <$ex_from_addr>
-To: $to_str
-Date: $now
-Subject: $subj
-
-$body
-EOF
-
-	my $smtp = EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP->new(Host => $ex_host)
-		or die "Cannot connect to $ex_host: $!\n";
-	if ($ex_user && $ex_pass) {
-		$smtp->auth($ex_user,$ex_pass)
-			or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_user\n";
-	}
-	$smtp->mail($ex_from_addr)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_from_addr\n";
-	scalar($smtp->recipient(@rcpt_to, { SkipBad => 1 }))
-		or die "$ex_host did not accept any addresses.\n";
-	$smtp->data($msg)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected message data\n";
-	$smtp->quit;
-}
-
-sub pop_queue ()
-{
-	open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-	my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-	my $ent = shift @$queue;
-	nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-	close LOCK;
-	$ent;
-}
-
-sub git_exec (@)
-{
-	system('git',@_) == 0 or die "Cannot git " . join(' ', @_) . "\n";
-}
-
-sub git_val (@)
-{
-	open(C, '-|','git',@_);
-	my $r = <C>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close C;
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub do_build ($$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $new) = @_;
-
-	my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "builder$$");
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp) == 0 or die "Cannot clear $tmp\n";
-	die "Cannot clear $tmp.\n" if -e $tmp;
-
-	my $result = 1;
-	eval {
-		my $command;
-		{
-			local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-			$command = git_val 'config','builder.command';
-		}
-		die "No builder.command for $git_dir.\n" unless $command;
-
-		git_exec 'clone','-n','-l','-s',$git_dir,$tmp;
-		chmod 0700, $tmp or die "Cannot lock $tmp\n";
-		chdir $tmp or die "Cannot enter $tmp\n";
-
-		git_exec 'update-ref','HEAD',$new;
-		git_exec 'read-tree','-m','-u','HEAD','HEAD';
-		system $command;
-		if ($? == -1) {
-			print STDERR "failed to execute '$command': $!\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} elsif ($? & 127) {
-			my $sig = $? & 127;
-			print STDERR "'$command' died from signal $sig\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} else {
-			my $r = $? >> 8;
-			print STDERR "'$command' exited with $r\n" if $r;
-			$result = $r;
-		}
-	};
-	if ($@) {
-		$result = 2;
-		print STDERR "$@\n";
-	}
-
-	chdir '/';
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp);
-	rmdir $tmp;
-	$result;
-}
-
-sub build_failed ($$$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $msg) = @_;
-
-	$git_dir =~ m,/([^/]+)$,;
-	my $repo_name = $1;
-	$ref =~ s,^refs/(heads|tags)/,,;
-
-	my %authors;
-	my $shortlog;
-	my $revstr;
-	{
-		local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',@revs;
-		while (<LOG>) {
-			if (s/^(author|committer) //) {
-				chomp;
-				s/>.*$/>/;
-				$authors{$_} = 1 unless nocc_author $_;
-			}
-		}
-		close LOG;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','shortlog',@revs;
-		$shortlog .= $_ while <LOG>;
-		close LOG;
-		$revstr = join(' ', @revs);
-	}
-
-	my @to = sort keys %authors;
-	unless (@to) {
-		print STDERR "error: No authors in $revstr\n";
-		return;
-	}
-
-	my $subject = "[$repo_name] $ref : Build Failed";
-	my $body = <<EOF;
-Project: $git_dir
-Branch:  $ref
-Commits: $revstr
-
-$shortlog
-Build Output:
---------------------------------------------------------------
-$msg
-EOF
-	send_email($subject, $body, \@to);
-}
-
-sub run_build ($$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @_;
-
-	if ($debug_flag) {
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		print "BUILDING $git_dir\n";
-		print "  BRANCH: $ref\n";
-		print "  COMMITS: ", join(' ', @revs), "\n";
-	}
-
-	local(*R, *W);
-	pipe R, W or die "cannot pipe builder: $!";
-
-	my $builder = fork();
-	if (!defined $builder) {
-		die "cannot fork builder: $!";
-	} elsif (0 == $builder) {
-		close R;
-		close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-		open(STDOUT, '>&W');
-		open(STDERR, '>&W');
-		exit do_build $git_dir, $new;
-	} else {
-		close W;
-		my $out = '';
-		$out .= $_ while <R>;
-		close R;
-		waitpid $builder, 0;
-		build_failed $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $out if $?;
-	}
-
-	print "DONE\n\n" if $debug_flag;
-}
-
-sub daemon_loop ()
-{
-	my $run = 1;
-	my $stop_sub = sub {$run = 0};
-	$SIG{HUP} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{INT} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{TERM} = $stop_sub;
-
-	mkdir $tmpdir, 0755;
-	my $pidfile = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "cidaemon.pid");
-	open(O, ">$pidfile"); print O "$$\n"; close O;
-
-	while ($run) {
-		my $ent = pop_queue;
-		if ($ent) {
-			my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @$ent;
-
-			$ent = $recent{$git_dir};
-			$recent{$git_dir} = $ent = [[], {}] unless $ent;
-			my ($rec_arr, $rec_hash) = @$ent;
-			next if $rec_hash->{$new}++;
-			while (@$rec_arr >= $recent_size) {
-				my $to_kill = shift @$rec_arr;
-				delete $rec_hash->{$to_kill};
-			}
-			push @$rec_arr, $new;
-
-			run_build $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new;
-		} else {
-			sleep $scan_delay;
-		}
-	}
-
-	unlink $pidfile;
-}
-
-$debug_flag = 0;
-GetOptions(
-	'debug|d' => \$debug_flag,
-	'smtp-user=s' => \$ex_user,
-) or die "usage: $0 [--debug] [--smtp-user=user]\n";
-
-$ex_pass = input_noecho("$ex_user SMTP password: ")
-	if ($ex_user && !$ex_pass);
-
-if ($debug_flag) {
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-}
-
-my $daemon = fork();
-if (!defined $daemon) {
-	die "cannot fork daemon: $!";
-} elsif (0 == $daemon) {
-	close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-	close STDOUT;open(STDOUT, '>/dev/null');
-	close STDERR;open(STDERR, '>/dev/null');
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-} else {
-	print "Daemon $daemon running in the background.\n";
-}
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
deleted file mode 100644
index b8f5a60..0000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A hook that notifies its companion cidaemon through a simple
-# queue file that a ref has been updated via a push (actually
-# by a receive-pack running on the server).
-#
-# See cidaemon for per-repository configuration details.
-#
-# To use this hook, add it as the post-receive hook, make it
-# executable, and set its configuration options.
-#
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = '/opt/git/bin';
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use File::Spec;
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-
-my $git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
-my $queue_name = `git config --get builder.queue`;chop $queue_name;
-$queue_name =~ m,^([^\s]+)$,; $queue_name = $1; # untaint
-unless ($queue_name) {
-	1 while <STDIN>;
-	print STDERR "\nerror: builder.queue not set.  Not enqueing.\n\n";
-	exit;
-}
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @skip;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.skip|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @skip, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-my @new_branch_base;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.newBranchBase|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @new_branch_base, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-sub skip ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $p (@skip) {
-		return 1 if /^$p/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-my %existing;
-foreach my $r (@$queue) {
-	my ($gd, $ref) = @$r;
-	$existing{$gd}{$ref} = $r;
-}
-
-my @new_branch_commits;
-my $loaded_new_branch_commits = 0;
-
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chop;
-	my ($old, $new, $ref) = split / /, $_, 3;
-
-	next if $old eq $new;
-	next if $new =~ /^0{40}$/;
-	next if skip $ref;
-
-	my $r = $existing{$git_dir}{$ref};
-	if ($r) {
-		$r->[3] = $new;
-	} else {
-		if ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) {
-			if (!$loaded_new_branch_commits && @new_branch_base) {
-				open M,'-|','git','show-ref',@new_branch_base;
-				while (<M>) {
-					($_) = split / /, $_;
-					push @new_branch_commits, $_;
-				}
-				close M;
-				$loaded_new_branch_commits = 1;
-			}
-			$old = [@new_branch_commits];
-		} else {
-			$old = [$old];
-		}
-
-		$r = [$git_dir, $ref, $old, $new];
-		$existing{$git_dir}{$ref} = $r;
-		push @$queue, $r;
-	}
-}
-nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-close LOCK;
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
index e6561d8..c3c7c98 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 -include ../../../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../../../config.mak
 
-INCS:=$(shell pkg-config --cflags gnome-keyring-1)
-LIBS:=$(shell pkg-config --libs gnome-keyring-1)
+INCS:=$(shell pkg-config --cflags gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
+LIBS:=$(shell pkg-config --libs gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
 
 SRCS:=$(MAIN).c
 OBJS:=$(SRCS:.c=.o)
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
index 41f61c5..635c96b 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
@@ -25,11 +25,108 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <gnome-keyring.h>
 
+#ifdef GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT
+
+   /* Modern gnome-keyring */
+
+#include <gnome-keyring-memory.h>
+
+#else
+
+   /*
+    * Support ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 5.X.
+    * GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems to have been introduced with Gnome 2.22,
+    * and the other features roughly around Gnome 2.20, 6 months before.
+    * Ubuntu 8.04 used Gnome 2.22 (I think).  Not sure any distro used 2.20.
+    * So the existence/non-existence of GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems like
+    * a decent thing to use as an indicator.
+    */
+
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT NULL
+
+/*
+ * ancient gnome-keyring returns DENIED when an entry is not found.
+ * Setting NO_MATCH to DENIED will prevent us from reporting DENIED
+ * errors during get and erase operations, but we will still report
+ * DENIED errors during a store.
+ */
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED
+
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_alloc g_malloc
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_free gnome_keyring_free_password
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_strdup g_strdup
+
+static const char* gnome_keyring_result_to_message(GnomeKeyringResult result)
+{
+	switch (result) {
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK:
+		return "OK";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED:
+		return "Denied";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_KEYRING_DAEMON:
+		return "No Keyring Daemon";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_UNLOCKED:
+		return "Already UnLocked";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_SUCH_KEYRING:
+		return "No Such Keyring";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_BAD_ARGUMENTS:
+		return "Bad Arguments";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_IO_ERROR:
+		return "IO Error";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED:
+		return "Cancelled";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		return "Already Exists";
+	default:
+		return "Unknown Error";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Support really ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 4.X.
+ * Just a guess for the Glib version.  Glib 2.8 was roughly Gnome 2.12 ?
+ * Which was released with gnome-keyring 0.4.3 ??
+ */
+#if GLIB_MAJOR_VERSION == 2 && GLIB_MINOR_VERSION < 8
+
+static void gnome_keyring_done_cb(GnomeKeyringResult result, gpointer user_data)
+{
+	gpointer *data = (gpointer*) user_data;
+	int *done = (int*) data[0];
+	GnomeKeyringResult *r = (GnomeKeyringResult*) data[1];
+
+	*r = result;
+	*done = 1;
+}
+
+static void wait_for_request_completion(int *done)
+{
+	GMainContext *mc = g_main_context_default();
+	while (!*done)
+		g_main_context_iteration(mc, TRUE);
+}
+
+static GnomeKeyringResult gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(const char *keyring, guint32 id)
+{
+	int done = 0;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+	gpointer data[] = { &done, &result };
+
+	gnome_keyring_item_delete(keyring, id, gnome_keyring_done_cb, data,
+		NULL);
+
+	wait_for_request_completion(&done);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /*
  * This credential struct and API is simplified from git's credential.{h,c}
  */
@@ -46,11 +143,6 @@
 #define CREDENTIAL_INIT \
   { NULL,NULL,0,NULL,NULL,NULL }
 
-void credential_init(struct credential *c);
-void credential_clear(struct credential *c);
-int  credential_read(struct credential *c);
-void credential_write(const struct credential *c);
-
 typedef int (*credential_op_cb)(struct credential*);
 
 struct credential_operation
@@ -62,96 +154,21 @@
 #define CREDENTIAL_OP_END \
   { NULL,NULL }
 
-/*
- * Table with operation callbacks is defined in concrete
- * credential helper implementation and contains entries
- * like { "get", function_to_get_credential } terminated
- * by CREDENTIAL_OP_END.
- */
-struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[];
-
-/* ---------------- common helper functions ----------------- */
-
-static inline void free_password(char *password)
-{
-	char *c = password;
-	if (!password)
-		return;
-
-	while (*c) *c++ = '\0';
-	free(password);
-}
-
-static inline void warning(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	fprintf(stderr, "warning: ");
-	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-	fprintf(stderr, "\n" );
-	va_end(ap);
-}
-
-static inline void error(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	fprintf(stderr, "error: ");
-	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-	fprintf(stderr, "\n" );
-	va_end(ap);
-}
-
-static inline void die(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap,fmt);
-	error(fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-}
-
-static inline void die_errno(int err)
-{
-	error("%s", strerror(err));
-	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-}
-
-static inline char *xstrdup(const char *str)
-{
-	char *ret = strdup(str);
-	if (!ret)
-		die_errno(errno);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 /* ----------------- GNOME Keyring functions ----------------- */
 
 /* create a special keyring option string, if path is given */
 static char* keyring_object(struct credential *c)
 {
-	char* object = NULL;
-
 	if (!c->path)
-		return object;
+		return NULL;
 
-	object = (char*) malloc(strlen(c->host)+strlen(c->path)+8);
-	if(!object)
-		die_errno(errno);
+	if (c->port)
+		return g_strdup_printf("%s:%hd/%s", c->host, c->port, c->path);
 
-	if(c->port)
-		sprintf(object,"%s:%hd/%s",c->host,c->port,c->path);
-	else
-		sprintf(object,"%s/%s",c->host,c->path);
-
-	return object;
+	return g_strdup_printf("%s/%s", c->host, c->path);
 }
 
-int keyring_get(struct credential *c)
+static int keyring_get(struct credential *c)
 {
 	char* object = NULL;
 	GList *entries;
@@ -173,7 +190,7 @@
 				c->port,
 				&entries);
 
-	free(object);
+	g_free(object);
 
 	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
 		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -182,18 +199,18 @@
 		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 
 	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
-		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
 	}
 
 	/* pick the first one from the list */
 	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *) entries->data;
 
-	free_password(c->password);
-	c->password = xstrdup(password_data->password);
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+	c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(password_data->password);
 
 	if (!c->username)
-		c->username = xstrdup(password_data->user);
+		c->username = g_strdup(password_data->user);
 
 	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
 
@@ -201,10 +218,11 @@
 }
 
 
-int keyring_store(struct credential *c)
+static int keyring_store(struct credential *c)
 {
 	guint32 item_id;
 	char  *object = NULL;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
 
 	/*
 	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
@@ -219,7 +237,7 @@
 
 	object = keyring_object(c);
 
-	gnome_keyring_set_network_password_sync(
+	result = gnome_keyring_set_network_password_sync(
 				GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT,
 				c->username,
 				NULL /* domain */,
@@ -231,11 +249,18 @@
 				c->password,
 				&item_id);
 
-	free(object);
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK &&
+	    result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
 	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-int keyring_erase(struct credential *c)
+static int keyring_erase(struct credential *c)
 {
 	char  *object = NULL;
 	GList *entries;
@@ -265,7 +290,7 @@
 				c->port,
 				&entries);
 
-	free(object);
+	g_free(object);
 
 	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
 		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -275,7 +300,7 @@
 
 	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK)
 	{
-		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
 	}
 
@@ -289,7 +314,7 @@
 
 	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK)
 	{
-		error("%s",gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
 	}
 
@@ -300,7 +325,7 @@
  * Table with helper operation callbacks, used by generic
  * credential helper main function.
  */
-struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[] =
+static struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[] =
 {
 	{ "get",   keyring_get   },
 	{ "store", keyring_store },
@@ -310,66 +335,69 @@
 
 /* ------------------ credential functions ------------------ */
 
-void credential_init(struct credential *c)
+static void credential_init(struct credential *c)
 {
 	memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
 }
 
-void credential_clear(struct credential *c)
+static void credential_clear(struct credential *c)
 {
-	free(c->protocol);
-	free(c->host);
-	free(c->path);
-	free(c->username);
-	free_password(c->password);
+	g_free(c->protocol);
+	g_free(c->host);
+	g_free(c->path);
+	g_free(c->username);
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
 
 	credential_init(c);
 }
 
-int credential_read(struct credential *c)
+static int credential_read(struct credential *c)
 {
-	char    buf[1024];
-	ssize_t line_len = 0;
-	char   *key      = buf;
+	char    *buf;
+	size_t line_len;
+	char   *key;
 	char   *value;
 
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin))
+	key = buf = gnome_keyring_memory_alloc(1024);
+
+	while (fgets(buf, 1024, stdin))
 	{
 		line_len = strlen(buf);
 
-		if(buf[line_len-1]=='\n')
+		if (line_len && buf[line_len-1] == '\n')
 			buf[--line_len]='\0';
 
-		if(!line_len)
+		if (!line_len)
 			break;
 
 		value = strchr(buf,'=');
-		if(!value) {
-			warning("invalid credential line: %s", key);
+		if (!value) {
+			g_warning("invalid credential line: %s", key);
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
 			return -1;
 		}
 		*value++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(key, "protocol")) {
-			free(c->protocol);
-			c->protocol = xstrdup(value);
+			g_free(c->protocol);
+			c->protocol = g_strdup(value);
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "host")) {
-			free(c->host);
-			c->host = xstrdup(value);
+			g_free(c->host);
+			c->host = g_strdup(value);
 			value = strrchr(c->host,':');
 			if (value) {
 				*value++ = '\0';
 				c->port = atoi(value);
 			}
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
-			free(c->path);
-			c->path = xstrdup(value);
+			g_free(c->path);
+			c->path = g_strdup(value);
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
-			free(c->username);
-			c->username = xstrdup(value);
+			g_free(c->username);
+			c->username = g_strdup(value);
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "password")) {
-			free_password(c->password);
-			c->password = xstrdup(value);
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+			c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(value);
 			while (*value) *value++ = '\0';
 		}
 		/*
@@ -378,17 +406,20 @@
 		 * learn new lines, and the helpers are updated to match.
 		 */
 	}
+
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
+static void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return;
 	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
 }
 
-void credential_write(const struct credential *c)
+static void credential_write(const struct credential *c)
 {
 	/* only write username/password, if set */
 	credential_write_item(stdout, "username", c->username);
@@ -401,10 +432,10 @@
 	const char *basename = strrchr(name,'/');
 
 	basename = (basename) ? basename + 1 : name;
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <", basename);
-	while(try_op->name) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <", basename);
+	while (try_op->name) {
 		fprintf(stderr,"%s",(try_op++)->name);
-		if(try_op->name)
+		if (try_op->name)
 			fprintf(stderr,"%s","|");
 	}
 	fprintf(stderr,"%s",">\n");
@@ -419,19 +450,21 @@
 
 	if (!argv[1]) {
 		usage(argv[0]);
-		goto out;
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
 
+	g_set_application_name("Git Credential Helper");
+
 	/* lookup operation callback */
-	while(try_op->name && strcmp(argv[1], try_op->name))
+	while (try_op->name && strcmp(argv[1], try_op->name))
 		try_op++;
 
 	/* unsupported operation given -- ignore silently */
-	if(!try_op->name || !try_op->op)
+	if (!try_op->name || !try_op->op)
 		goto out;
 
 	ret = credential_read(&cred);
-	if(ret)
+	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
 	/* perform credential operation */
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b7613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+test:
+	./test.pl
+
+testverbose:
+	./test.pl -d -v
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1571a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $VERSION = "0.1";
+
+my %options = (
+	       help => 0,
+	       debug => 0,
+	       verbose => 0,
+	       insecure => 0,
+	       file => [],
+
+	       # identical token maps, e.g. host -> host, will be inserted later
+	       tmap => {
+			port => 'protocol',
+			machine => 'host',
+			path => 'path',
+			login => 'username',
+			user => 'username',
+			password => 'password',
+		       }
+	      );
+
+# Map each credential protocol token to itself on the netrc side.
+foreach (values %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	$options{tmap}->{$_} = $_;
+}
+
+# Now, $options{tmap} has a mapping from the netrc format to the Git credential
+# helper protocol.
+
+# Next, we build the reverse token map.
+
+# When $rmap{foo} contains 'bar', that means that what the Git credential helper
+# protocol calls 'bar' is found as 'foo' in the netrc/authinfo file.  Keys in
+# %rmap are what we expect to read from the netrc/authinfo file.
+
+my %rmap;
+foreach my $k (keys %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	push @{$rmap{$options{tmap}->{$k}}}, $k;
+}
+
+Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling");
+
+# TODO: maybe allow the token map $options{tmap} to be configurable.
+GetOptions(\%options,
+           "help|h",
+           "debug|d",
+           "insecure|k",
+           "verbose|v",
+           "file|f=s@",
+          );
+
+if ($options{help}) {
+	my $shortname = basename($0);
+	$shortname =~ s/git-credential-//;
+
+	print <<EOHIPPUS;
+
+$0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] [-v] [-k] get
+
+Version $VERSION by tzz\@lifelogs.com.  License: BSD.
+
+Options:
+
+  -f|--file AUTHFILE : specify netrc-style files.  Files with the .gpg extension
+                       will be decrypted by GPG before parsing.  Multiple -f
+                       arguments are OK.  They are processed in order, and the
+                       first matching entry found is returned via the credential
+                       helper protocol (see below).
+
+                       When no -f option is given, .authinfo.gpg, .netrc.gpg,
+		       .authinfo, and .netrc files in your home directory are used
+		       in this order.
+
+  -k|--insecure      : ignore bad file ownership or permissions
+
+  -d|--debug         : turn on debugging (developer info)
+
+  -v|--verbose       : be more verbose (show files and information found)
+
+To enable this credential helper:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE1 -f AUTHFILE2'
+
+(Note that Git will prepend "git-credential-" to the helper name and look for it
+in the path.)
+
+...and if you want lots of debugging info:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -d'
+
+...or to see the files opened and data found:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -v'
+
+Only "get" mode is supported by this credential helper.  It opens every AUTHFILE
+and looks for the first entry that matches the requested search criteria:
+
+ 'port|protocol':
+   The protocol that will be used (e.g., https). (protocol=X)
+
+ 'machine|host':
+   The remote hostname for a network credential. (host=X)
+
+ 'path':
+   The path with which the credential will be used. (path=X)
+
+ 'login|user|username':
+   The credential’s username, if we already have one. (username=X)
+
+Thus, when we get this query on STDIN:
+
+host=github.com
+protocol=https
+username=tzz
+
+this credential helper will look for the first entry in every AUTHFILE that
+matches
+
+machine github.com port https login tzz
+
+OR
+
+machine github.com protocol https login tzz
+
+OR... etc. acceptable tokens as listed above.  Any unknown tokens are
+simply ignored.
+
+Then, the helper will print out whatever tokens it got from the entry, including
+"password" tokens, mapping back to Git's helper protocol; e.g. "port" is mapped
+back to "protocol".  Any redundant entry tokens (part of the original query) are
+skipped.
+
+Again, note that only the first matching entry from all the AUTHFILEs, processed
+in the sequence given on the command line, is used.
+
+Netrc/authinfo tokens can be quoted as 'STRING' or "STRING".
+
+No caching is performed by this credential helper.
+
+EOHIPPUS
+
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my $mode = shift @ARGV;
+
+# Credentials must get a parameter, so die if it's missing.
+die "Syntax: $0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] get" unless defined $mode;
+
+# Only support 'get' mode; with any other unsupported ones we just exit.
+exit 0 unless $mode eq 'get';
+
+my $files = $options{file};
+
+# if no files were given, use a predefined list.
+# note that .gpg files come first
+unless (scalar @$files) {
+	my @candidates = qw[
+				   ~/.authinfo.gpg
+				   ~/.netrc.gpg
+				   ~/.authinfo
+				   ~/.netrc
+			  ];
+
+	$files = $options{file} = [ map { glob $_ } @candidates ];
+}
+
+my $query = read_credential_data_from_stdin();
+
+FILE:
+foreach my $file (@$files) {
+	my $gpgmode = $file =~ m/\.gpg$/;
+	unless (-r $file) {
+		log_verbose("Unable to read $file; skipping it");
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	# the following check is copied from Net::Netrc, for non-GPG files
+	# OS/2 and Win32 do not handle stat in a way compatible with this check :-(
+	unless ($gpgmode || $options{insecure} ||
+		$^O eq 'os2'
+		|| $^O eq 'MSWin32'
+		|| $^O eq 'MacOS'
+		|| $^O =~ /^cygwin/) {
+		my @stat = stat($file);
+
+		if (@stat) {
+			if ($stat[2] & 077) {
+				log_verbose("Insecure $file (mode=%04o); skipping it",
+					    $stat[2] & 07777);
+				next FILE;
+			}
+
+			if ($stat[4] != $<) {
+				log_verbose("Not owner of $file; skipping it");
+				next FILE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @entries = load_netrc($file, $gpgmode);
+
+	unless (scalar @entries) {
+		if ($!) {
+			log_verbose("Unable to open $file: $!");
+		} else {
+			log_verbose("No netrc entries found in $file");
+		}
+
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	my $entry = find_netrc_entry($query, @entries);
+	if ($entry) {
+		print_credential_data($entry, $query);
+		# we're done!
+		last FILE;
+	}
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+sub load_netrc {
+	my $file = shift @_;
+	my $gpgmode = shift @_;
+
+	my $io;
+	if ($gpgmode) {
+		my @cmd = (qw(gpg --decrypt), $file);
+		log_verbose("Using GPG to open $file: [@cmd]");
+		open $io, "-|", @cmd;
+	} else {
+		log_verbose("Opening $file...");
+		open $io, '<', $file;
+	}
+
+	# nothing to do if the open failed (we log the error later)
+	return unless $io;
+
+	# Net::Netrc does this, but the functionality is merged with the file
+	# detection logic, so we have to extract just the part we need
+	my @netrc_entries = net_netrc_loader($io);
+
+	# these entries will use the credential helper protocol token names
+	my @entries;
+
+	foreach my $nentry (@netrc_entries) {
+		my %entry;
+		my $num_port;
+
+		if (!defined $nentry->{machine}) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if (defined $nentry->{port} && $nentry->{port} =~ m/^\d+$/) {
+			$num_port = $nentry->{port};
+			delete $nentry->{port};
+		}
+
+		# create the new entry for the credential helper protocol
+		$entry{$options{tmap}->{$_}} = $nentry->{$_} foreach keys %$nentry;
+
+		# for "host X port Y" where Y is an integer (captured by
+		# $num_port above), set the host to "X:Y"
+		if (defined $entry{host} && defined $num_port) {
+			$entry{host} = join(':', $entry{host}, $num_port);
+		}
+
+		push @entries, \%entry;
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub net_netrc_loader {
+	my $fh = shift @_;
+	my @entries;
+	my ($mach, $macdef, $tok, @tok);
+
+    LINE:
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		undef $macdef if /\A\n\Z/;
+
+		if ($macdef) {
+			next LINE;
+		}
+
+		s/^\s*//;
+		chomp;
+
+		while (length && s/^("((?:[^"]+|\\.)*)"|((?:[^\\\s]+|\\.)*))\s*//) {
+			(my $tok = $+) =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+			push(@tok, $tok);
+		}
+
+	    TOKEN:
+		while (@tok) {
+			if ($tok[0] eq "default") {
+				shift(@tok);
+				$mach = { machine => undef };
+				next TOKEN;
+			}
+
+			$tok = shift(@tok);
+
+			if ($tok eq "machine") {
+				my $host = shift @tok;
+				$mach = { machine => $host };
+				push @entries, $mach;
+			} elsif (exists $options{tmap}->{$tok}) {
+				unless ($mach) {
+					log_debug("Skipping token $tok because no machine was given");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				unless (defined $value) {
+					log_debug("Token $tok had no value, skipping it.");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				# Following line added by rmerrell to remove '/' escape char in .netrc
+				$value =~ s/\/\\/\\/g;
+				$mach->{$tok} = $value;
+			} elsif ($tok eq "macdef") { # we ignore macros
+				next TOKEN unless $mach;
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				$macdef = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub read_credential_data_from_stdin {
+	# the query: start with every token with no value
+	my %q = map { $_ => undef } values(%{$options{tmap}});
+
+	while (<STDIN>) {
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		my ($token, $value) = ($1, $2);
+		die "Unknown search token $token" unless exists $q{$token};
+		$q{$token} = $value;
+		log_debug("We were given search token $token and value $value");
+	}
+
+	foreach (sort keys %q) {
+		log_debug("Searching for %s = %s", $_, $q{$_} || '(any value)');
+	}
+
+	return \%q;
+}
+
+# takes the search tokens and then a list of entries
+# each entry is a hash reference
+sub find_netrc_entry {
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+    ENTRY:
+	foreach my $entry (@_)
+	{
+		my $entry_text = join ', ', map { "$_=$entry->{$_}" } keys %$entry;
+		foreach my $check (sort keys %$query) {
+			if (!defined $entry->{$check}) {
+			        log_debug("OK: entry has no $check token, so any value satisfies check $check");
+			} elsif (defined $query->{$check}) {
+				log_debug("compare %s [%s] to [%s] (entry: %s)",
+					  $check,
+					  $entry->{$check},
+					  $query->{$check},
+					  $entry_text);
+				unless ($query->{$check} eq $entry->{$check}) {
+					next ENTRY;
+				}
+			} else {
+				log_debug("OK: any value satisfies check $check");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $entry;
+	}
+
+	# nothing was found
+	return;
+}
+
+sub print_credential_data {
+	my $entry = shift @_;
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+	log_debug("entry has passed all the search checks");
+ TOKEN:
+	foreach my $git_token (sort keys %$entry) {
+		log_debug("looking for useful token $git_token");
+		# don't print unknown (to the credential helper protocol) tokens
+		next TOKEN unless exists $query->{$git_token};
+
+		# don't print things asked in the query (the entry matches them)
+		next TOKEN if defined $query->{$git_token};
+
+		log_debug("FOUND: $git_token=$entry->{$git_token}");
+		printf "%s=%s\n", $git_token, $entry->{$git_token};
+	}
+}
+sub log_verbose {
+	return unless $options{verbose};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
+
+sub log_debug {
+	return unless $options{debug};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba119a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+machine imap login tzz@lifelogs.com port imaps password letmeknow
+machine imap login bob port imaps password bobwillknow
+
+# comment test
+
+machine imap2 login tzz port 1099 password tzzknow
+machine imap2 login bob password bobwillknow
+
+# another command
+
+machine github.com
+  multilinetoken anothervalue
+  login carol password carolknows
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..169b646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use Test;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 15 }
+
+my @global_credential_args = @ARGV;
+my $netrc = './test.netrc';
+print "# Testing insecure file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+my $cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+			  { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from insecure file");
+
+print "# Testing missing file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', '///nosuchfile///', 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from missing file");
+
+chmod 0600, $netrc;
+
+print "# Testing with invalid data\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       "bad data");
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 4, "Got first found keys with bad data");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a missing corovamilkbar entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'corovamilkbar' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got no corovamilkbar keys");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a github.com entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 Github keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'carolknows', "Got correct Github password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'carol', "Got correct Github username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a username-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap', username => 'bob' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 username-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct user-specific password");
+ok($cred->{protocol}, 'imaps', "Got correct user-specific protocol");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a host:port-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2:1099' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 host:port-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'tzzknow', "Got correct host:port-specific password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'tzz', "Got correct host:port-specific username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file that 'host:port kills host' entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 'host:port kills host' keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'bob', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' username");
+
+sub run_credential
+{
+	my $args = shift @_;
+	my $data = shift @_;
+	my $pid = open2(my $chld_out, my $chld_in,
+			'./git-credential-netrc', @global_credential_args,
+			@$args);
+
+	die "Couldn't open pipe to netrc credential helper: $!" unless $pid;
+
+	if (ref $data eq 'HASH')
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$_=$data->{$_}\n" foreach sort keys %$data;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$data\n";
+	}
+
+	close $chld_in;
+	my %ret;
+
+	while (<$chld_out>)
+	{
+		chomp;
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		$ret{$1} = $2;
+	}
+
+	return \%ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
index 6beed12..bcd3f57 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
@@ -127,10 +127,20 @@
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol")) {
-			if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
+			if (!strcmp(v, "imap"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "imaps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTPS;
 			else if (!strcmp(v, "http"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "smtp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeSMTP;
 			else /* we don't yet handle other protocols */
 				exit(0);
 		}
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *usage =
-		"Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
+		"usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
index cbaec5f..a1d38f0 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 /* common helpers */
 
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
 static void die(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	char msg[4096];
@@ -30,14 +32,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static char *xstrdup(const char *str)
-{
-	char *ret = strdup(str);
-	if (!ret)
-		die("Out of memory");
-	return ret;
-}
-
 /* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
 
 typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
@@ -67,20 +61,14 @@
 #define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
 
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, PVOID, DWORD,
-    LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *);
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
     PCREDENTIALW **);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, LPWSTR, LPWSTR,
-    PBYTE, DWORD *);
 typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
 
-static HMODULE advapi, credui;
+static HMODULE advapi;
 static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
-static CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW;
 static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
-static CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredPackAuthenticationBufferW;
 static CredFreeT CredFree;
 static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
 
@@ -88,74 +76,84 @@
 {
 	/* load DLLs */
 	advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
-	credui = LoadLibrary("credui.dll");
-	if (!advapi || !credui)
-		die("failed to load DLLs");
+	if (!advapi)
+		die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
 
 	/* get function pointers */
 	CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
-	CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
-	    GetProcAddress(credui, "CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW");
 	CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
 	    "CredEnumerateW");
-	CredPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
-	    GetProcAddress(credui, "CredPackAuthenticationBufferW");
 	CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
 	CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
-	if (!CredWriteW || !CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW ||
-	    !CredEnumerateW || !CredPackAuthenticationBufferW || !CredFree ||
-	    !CredDeleteW)
+	if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
 		die("failed to load functions");
 }
 
-static char target_buf[1024];
-static char *protocol, *host, *path, *username;
-static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *target;
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
 
-static void write_item(const char *what, WCHAR *wbuf)
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
 {
 	char *buf;
-	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, NULL, 0, NULL,
+	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
 	    FALSE);
 	buf = xmalloc(len);
 
-	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
 		die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
 
 	printf("%s=", what);
-	fwrite(buf, 1, len - 1, stdout);
+	fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
 	putchar('\n');
 	free(buf);
 }
 
-static int match_attr(const CREDENTIALW *cred, const WCHAR *keyword,
-    const char *want)
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
 {
-	int i;
-	if (!want)
-		return 1;
+	LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+	int len;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < cred->AttributeCount; ++i)
-		if (!wcscmp(cred->Attributes[i].Keyword, keyword))
-			return !strcmp((const char *)cred->Attributes[i].Value,
-			    want);
+	/* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+	if (*delim)
+		delim_pos = wcsstr(start, delim);
+	else
+		delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
 
-	return 0; /* not found */
+	/*
+	 * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+	 * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+	 */
+	if (delim_pos)
+		len = delim_pos - start;
+	else
+		len = wcslen(start);
+
+	/* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+	if (delim_pos || want)
+		*ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+	return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
 }
 
 static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
 {
-	return (!wusername || !wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName)) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_protocol", protocol) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_host", host) &&
-	    match_attr(cred, L"git_path", path);
+	LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+	if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+		return 0;
+
+	return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+		match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+		match_part(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+		match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+		match_part(&target, path, L"");
 }
 
 static void get_credential(void)
 {
-	WCHAR *user_buf, *pass_buf;
-	DWORD user_buf_size = 0, pass_buf_size = 0;
-	CREDENTIALW **creds, *cred = NULL;
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
 	DWORD num_creds;
 	int i;
 
@@ -165,90 +163,36 @@
 	/* search for the first credential that matches username */
 	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
 		if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
-			cred = creds[i];
+			write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+				wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+			write_item("password",
+				(LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+				creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
 			break;
 		}
-	if (!cred)
-		return;
-
-	CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
-	    cred->CredentialBlobSize, NULL, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
-	    NULL, &pass_buf_size);
-
-	user_buf = xmalloc(user_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
-	pass_buf = xmalloc(pass_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
-
-	if (!CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
-	    cred->CredentialBlobSize, user_buf, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
-	    pass_buf, &pass_buf_size))
-		die("CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
 
 	CredFree(creds);
-
-	/* zero-terminate (sizes include zero-termination) */
-	user_buf[user_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
-	pass_buf[pass_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
-
-	write_item("username", user_buf);
-	write_item("password", pass_buf);
-
-	free(user_buf);
-	free(pass_buf);
-}
-
-static void write_attr(CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW *attr, const WCHAR *keyword,
-    const char *value)
-{
-	attr->Keyword = (LPWSTR)keyword;
-	attr->Flags = 0;
-	attr->ValueSize = strlen(value) + 1; /* store zero-termination */
-	attr->Value = (LPBYTE)value;
 }
 
 static void store_credential(void)
 {
 	CREDENTIALW cred;
-	BYTE *auth_buf;
-	DWORD auth_buf_size = 0;
-	CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW attrs[CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES];
 
 	if (!wusername || !password)
 		return;
 
-	/* query buffer size */
-	CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
-	    NULL, &auth_buf_size);
-
-	auth_buf = xmalloc(auth_buf_size);
-
-	if (!CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
-	    auth_buf, &auth_buf_size))
-		die("CredPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
-
 	cred.Flags = 0;
 	cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
 	cred.TargetName = target;
 	cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
-	cred.CredentialBlobSize = auth_buf_size;
-	cred.CredentialBlob = auth_buf;
+	cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+	cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
 	cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
-	cred.AttributeCount = 1;
-	cred.Attributes = attrs;
+	cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+	cred.Attributes = NULL;
 	cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
 	cred.UserName = wusername;
 
-	write_attr(attrs, L"git_protocol", protocol);
-
-	if (host) {
-		write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_host", host);
-		cred.AttributeCount++;
-	}
-
-	if (path) {
-		write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_path", path);
-		cred.AttributeCount++;
-	}
-
 	if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
 		die("CredWrite failed");
 }
@@ -284,10 +228,13 @@
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
 		char *v;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		/* strip trailing CR / LF */
+		while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+			buf[--len] = 0;
 
-		if (!strcmp(buf, "\n"))
+		if (!*buf)
 			break;
-		buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
 
 		v = strchr(buf, '=');
 		if (!v)
@@ -295,13 +242,12 @@
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
-			protocol = xstrdup(v);
+			protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
-			host = xstrdup(v);
+			host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
-			path = xstrdup(v);
+			path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
-			username = xstrdup(v);
 			wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
 		} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
 			password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
@@ -313,7 +259,7 @@
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	const char *usage =
-	    "Usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+	    "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
@@ -330,22 +276,20 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
-	strncat(target_buf, "git:", sizeof(target_buf));
-	strncat(target_buf, protocol, sizeof(target_buf));
-	strncat(target_buf, "://", sizeof(target_buf));
-	if (username) {
-		strncat(target_buf, username, sizeof(target_buf));
-		strncat(target_buf, "@", sizeof(target_buf));
+	wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+	wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (wusername) {
+		wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	}
 	if (host)
-		strncat(target_buf, host, sizeof(target_buf));
+		wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	if (path) {
-		strncat(target_buf, "/", sizeof(target_buf));
-		strncat(target_buf, path, sizeof(target_buf));
+		wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
 	}
 
-	target = utf8_to_utf16_dup(target_buf);
-
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
 		get_credential();
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git.el b/contrib/emacs/git.el
index 65c95d9..5ffc506 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git.el
@@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@
   "Entry point into git-status mode."
   (interactive "DSelect directory: ")
   (setq dir (git-get-top-dir dir))
-  (if (file-directory-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
+  (if (file-exists-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
       (let ((buffer (or (and git-reuse-status-buffer (git-find-status-buffer dir))
                         (create-file-buffer (expand-file-name "*git-status*" dir)))))
         (switch-to-buffer buffer)
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-log.sh b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c2ea71c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+
+USAGE='[--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+revs=$(git-rev-parse --revs-only --no-flags --default HEAD "$@") || exit
+[ "$revs" ] || {
+	die "No HEAD ref"
+}
+git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") |
+LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
index 7b922c3..a5e42a9 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
 
 # This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
 # way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
-# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# people might have misused the interface and used a commit-ish that
 # is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
 # have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
 
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
index b17952a..d42df7b 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
 }
 
 sub add_usage {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@
 }
 elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
 	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
 }
 else {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
diff --git a/git-repack.sh b/contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from git-repack.sh
rename to contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index b09ff8f..c414f0d 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
        [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
        [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fb9feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='[-p] [--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [-m] [git-diff-tree options] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+diff_tree_flags=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --flags "$@") || exit
+case "$0" in
+*whatchanged)
+	count=
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git-repo-config --get whatchanged.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='-c -M --abbrev' ;;
+*show)
+	count=-n1
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git-repo-config --get show.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='--cc --always' ;;
+esac
+test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+	diff_tree_flags="$diff_tree_default_flags"
+
+rev_list_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --default HEAD --revs-only "$@") &&
+diff_tree_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --no-flags "$@") &&
+
+eval "git-rev-list $count $rev_list_args" |
+eval "git-diff-tree --stdin --pretty -r $diff_tree_flags $diff_tree_args" |
+LESS="$LESS -S" ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
index f9fef6d..0891b9e 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use strict;
 use File::Find;
 
-my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $USAGE = 'usage: git-import branch import-message';
 my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
index 0ca7718..f8d803c 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
 
 if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	echo "usage: git-import branch import-message"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
index 82f5ed3..d12c296 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -9,13 +9,18 @@
 ##  git log --stat import-zips
 
 from os import popen, path
-from sys import argv, exit
+from sys import argv, exit, hexversion, stderr
 from time import mktime
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+if hexversion < 0x01060000:
+    # The limiter is the zipfile module
+    stderr.write("import-zips.py: requires Python 1.6.0 or later.\n")
+    exit(1)
+
 if len(argv) < 2:
-	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
-	exit(1)
+    print 'usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+    exit(1)
 
 branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
 committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
@@ -23,51 +28,51 @@
 
 fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
 def printlines(list):
-	for str in list:
-		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+    for str in list:
+        fast_import.write(str + "\n")
 
 for zipfile in argv[1:]:
-	commit_time = 0
-	next_mark = 1
-	common_prefix = None
-	mark = dict()
+    commit_time = 0
+    next_mark = 1
+    common_prefix = None
+    mark = dict()
 
-	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
-	for name in zip.namelist():
-		if name.endswith('/'):
-			continue
-		info = zip.getinfo(name)
+    zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+    for name in zip.namelist():
+        if name.endswith('/'):
+            continue
+        info = zip.getinfo(name)
 
-		if commit_time < info.date_time:
-			commit_time = info.date_time
-		if common_prefix == None:
-			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
-		else:
-			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
-				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
-				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+        if commit_time < info.date_time:
+            commit_time = info.date_time
+        if common_prefix == None:
+            common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+        else:
+            while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+                last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+                common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
 
-		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
-		next_mark += 1
+        mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+        next_mark += 1
 
-		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
-					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
-		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+        printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+                    'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+        fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
 
-	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
-		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+    committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+        mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
 
-	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
-		'', 'deleteall'))
+    printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+        '', 'deleteall'))
 
-	for name in mark.keys():
-		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
-			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+    for name in mark.keys():
+        fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+            name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
 
-	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
-		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+    printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+        'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
 
 if fast_import.close():
-	exit(1)
+    exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview b/contrib/gitview/gitview
index 4c99dfb..4e23c65 100755
--- a/contrib/gitview/gitview
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@
 
 		#The first parent always continue on the same line
 		try:
-			# check we alreay have the value
+			# check we already have the value
 			tmp_node_pos = self.nodepos[commit.parent_sha1[0]]
 		except KeyError:
 			self.colours[commit.parent_sha1[0]] = colour
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
index 046cb2b..60dec86 100755
--- a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
 import tempfile, pickle, getopt
 import re
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02030000:
+   # The behavior of the pickle module changed significantly in 2.3
+   sys.stderr.write("hg-to-git.py: requires Python 2.3 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 # Maps hg version -> git version
 hgvers = {}
 # List of children for each hg revision
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@
     os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --deleted | git update-index --remove --stdin')
 
     # commit
-    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty -a -F %s' % filecomment)
+    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -a -F %s' % filecomment)
     os.unlink(filecomment)
 
     # tag
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9904396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+			   git-multimail
+			   =============
+
+git-multimail is a tool for sending notification emails on pushes to a
+Git repository.  It includes a Python module called git_multimail.py,
+which can either be used as a hook script directly or can be imported
+as a Python module into another script.
+
+git-multimail is derived from the Git project's old
+contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, and is mostly compatible with that
+script.  See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for details about
+the differences and for how to migrate from post-receive-email to
+git-multimail.
+
+git-multimail, like the rest of the Git project, is licensed under
+GPLv2 (see the COPYING file for details).
+
+Please note: although, as a convenience, git-multimail may be
+distributed along with the main Git project, development of
+git-multimail takes place in its own, separate project.  See section
+"Getting involved" below for more information.
+
+
+By default, for each push received by the repository, git-multimail:
+
+1. Outputs one email summarizing each reference that was changed.
+   These "reference change" (called "refchange" below) emails describe
+   the nature of the change (e.g., was the reference created, deleted,
+   fast-forwarded, etc.) and include a one-line summary of each commit
+   that was added to the reference.
+
+2. Outputs one email for each new commit that was introduced by the
+   reference change.  These "commit" emails include a list of the
+   files changed by the commit, followed by the diffs of files
+   modified by the commit.  The commit emails are threaded to the
+   corresponding reference change email via "In-Reply-To".  This style
+   (similar to the "git format-patch" style used on the Git mailing
+   list) makes it easy to scan through the emails, jump to patches
+   that need further attention, and write comments about specific
+   commits.  Commits are handled in reverse topological order (i.e.,
+   parents shown before children).  For example,
+
+   [git] branch master updated
+   + [git] 01/08: doc: fix xref link from api docs to manual pages
+   + [git] 02/08: api-credentials.txt: show the big picture first
+   + [git] 03/08: api-credentials.txt: mention credential.helper explicitly
+   + [git] 04/08: api-credentials.txt: add "see also" section
+   + [git] 05/08: t3510 (cherry-pick-sequence): add missing '&&'
+   + [git] 06/08: Merge branch 'rr/maint-t3510-cascade-fix'
+   + [git] 07/08: Merge branch 'mm/api-credentials-doc'
+   + [git] 08/08: Git 1.7.11-rc2
+
+   Each commit appears in exactly one commit email, the first time
+   that it is pushed to the repository.  If a commit is later merged
+   into another branch, then a one-line summary of the commit is
+   included in the reference change email (as usual), but no
+   additional commit email is generated.
+
+   By default, reference change emails have their "Reply-To" field set
+   to the person who pushed the change, and commit emails have their
+   "Reply-To" field set to the author of the commit.
+
+3. Output one "announce" mail for each new annotated tag, including
+   information about the tag and optionally a shortlog describing the
+   changes since the previous tag.  Such emails might be useful if you
+   use annotated tags to mark releases of your project.
+
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+* Python 2.x, version 2.4 or later.  No non-standard Python modules
+  are required.  git-multimail does *not* currently work with Python
+  3.x.
+
+  The example scripts invoke Python using the following shebang line
+  (following PEP 394 [1]):
+
+      #! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+  If your system's Python2 interpreter is not in your PATH or is not
+  called "python2", you can change the lines accordingly.  Or you can
+  invoke the Python interpreter explicitly, for example via a tiny
+  shell script like
+
+      #! /bin/sh
+      /usr/local/bin/python /path/to/git_multimail.py "$@"
+
+* The "git" command must be in your PATH.  git-multimail is known to
+  work with Git versions back to 1.7.1.  (Earlier versions have not
+  been tested; if you do so, please report your results.)
+
+* To send emails using the default configuration, a standard sendmail
+  program must be located at '/usr/sbin/sendmail' and configured
+  correctly to send emails.  If this is not the case, see the
+  multimailhook.mailer configuration variable below for how to
+  configure git-multimail to send emails via an SMTP server.
+
+
+Invocation
+----------
+
+git_multimail.py is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a
+Git repository (see githooks(5)).  Link or copy it to
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive within the repository for which email
+notifications are desired.  Usually it should be installed on the
+central repository for a project, to which all commits are eventually
+pushed.
+
+For use on pre-v1.5.1 Git servers, git_multimail.py can also work as
+an "update" hook, taking its arguments on the command line.  To use
+this script in this manner, link or copy it to $GIT_DIR/hooks/update.
+Please note that the script is not completely reliable in this mode
+[2].
+
+Alternatively, git_multimail.py can be imported as a Python module
+into your own Python post-receive script.  This method is a bit more
+work, but allows the behavior of the hook to be customized using
+arbitrary Python code.  For example, you can use a custom environment
+(perhaps inheriting from GenericEnvironment or GitoliteEnvironment) to
+
+* change how the user who did the push is determined
+
+* read users' email addresses from an LDAP server or from a database
+
+* decide which users should be notified about which commits based on
+  the contents of the commits (e.g., for users who want to be notified
+  only about changes affecting particular files or subdirectories)
+
+Or you can change how emails are sent by writing your own Mailer
+class.  The "post-receive" script in this directory demonstrates how
+to use git_multimail.py as a Python module.  (If you make interesting
+changes of this type, please consider sharing them with the
+community.)
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+By default, git-multimail mostly takes its configuration from the
+following "git config" settings:
+
+multimailhook.environment
+
+    This describes the general environment of the repository.
+    Currently supported values:
+
+    "generic" -- the username of the pusher is read from $USER and the
+        repository name is derived from the repository's path.
+
+    "gitolite" -- the username of the pusher is read from $GL_USER and
+        the repository name from $GL_REPO.
+
+    If neither of these environments is suitable for your setup, then
+    you can implement a Python class that inherits from Environment
+    and instantiate it via a script that looks like the example
+    post-receive script.
+
+    The environment value can be specified on the command line using
+    the --environment option.  If it is not specified on the command
+    line or by multimailhook.environment, then it defaults to
+    "gitolite" if the environment contains variables $GL_USER and
+    $GL_REPO; otherwise "generic".
+
+multimailhook.repoName
+
+    A short name of this Git repository, to be used in various places
+    in the notification email text.  The default is to use $GL_REPO
+    for gitolite repositories, or otherwise to derive this value from
+    the repository path name.
+
+multimailhook.mailinglist
+
+    The list of email addresses to which notification emails should be
+    sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas.  This
+    configuration option can be multivalued.  Leave it unset or set it
+    to the empty string to not send emails by default.  The next few
+    settings can be used to configure specific address lists for
+    specific types of notification email.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which summary emails about
+    reference changes should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses
+    separated by commas.  This configuration option can be
+    multivalued.  The default is the value in
+    multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent reference change emails from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.announceList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about new annotated
+    tags should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.refchangelist or
+    multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent annotated tag announcement emails from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.commitList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about individual new
+    commits should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.mailinglist.  Set this value
+    to the empty string to prevent notification emails about
+    individual commits from being sent.
+
+multimailhook.announceShortlog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then emails about changes to
+    annotated tags include a shortlog of changes since the previous
+    tag.  This can be useful if the annotated tags represent releases;
+    then the shortlog will be a kind of rough summary of what has
+    happened since the last release.  But if your tagging policy is
+    not so straightforward, then the shortlog might be confusing
+    rather than useful.  Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeShowLog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference
+    changes will include a detailed log of the added commits in
+    addition to the one line summary.  The log is generated by running
+    "git log" with the options specified in multimailhook.logOpts.
+    Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.mailer
+
+    This option changes the way emails are sent.  Accepted values are:
+
+    - sendmail (the default): use the command /usr/sbin/sendmail or
+      /usr/lib/sendmail (or sendmailCommand, if configured).  This
+      mode can be further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.sendmailCommand
+
+           The command used by mailer "sendmail" to send emails.  Shell
+           quoting is allowed in the value of this setting, but remember that
+           Git requires double-quotes to be escaped; e.g.,
+
+             git config multimailhook.sendmailcommand '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -F \"Git Repo\"'
+
+           Default is '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t' or '/usr/lib/sendmail
+           -t' (depending on which file is present and executable).
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           If set then pass this value to sendmail via the -f option to set
+           the envelope sender address.
+
+    - smtp: use Python's smtplib.  This is useful when the sendmail
+      command is not available on the system.  This mode can be
+      further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.smtpServer
+
+           The name of the SMTP server to connect to.  The value can
+           also include a colon and a port number; e.g.,
+           "mail.example.com:25".  Default is 'localhost' using port
+           25.
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           The sender address to be passed to the SMTP server.  If
+           unset, then the value of multimailhook.from is used.
+
+multimailhook.from
+
+    If set then use this value in the From: field of generated emails.
+    If unset, then use the repository's user configuration (user.name
+    and user.email).  If user.email is also unset, then use
+    multimailhook.envelopeSender.
+
+multimailhook.administrator
+
+    The name and/or email address of the administrator of the Git
+    repository; used in FOOTER_TEMPLATE.  Default is
+    multimailhook.envelopesender if it is set; otherwise a generic
+    string is used.
+
+multimailhook.emailPrefix
+
+    All emails have this string prepended to their subjects, to aid
+    email filtering (though filtering based on the X-Git-* email
+    headers is probably more robust).  Default is the short name of
+    the repository in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLines
+
+    The maximum number of lines that should be included in the body of
+    a generated email.  If not specified, there is no limit.  Lines
+    beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final line is
+    added indicating the number of suppressed lines.
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLineLength
+
+    The maximum length of a line in the email body.  Lines longer than
+    this limit are truncated to this length with a trailing " [...]"
+    added to indicate the missing text.  The default is 500, because
+    (a) diffs with longer lines are probably from binary files, for
+    which a diff is useless, and (b) even if a text file has such long
+    lines, the diffs are probably unreadable anyway.  To disable line
+    truncation, set this option to 0.
+
+multimailhook.maxCommitEmails
+
+    The maximum number of commit emails to send for a given change.
+    When the number of patches is larger that this value, only the
+    summary refchange email is sent.  This can avoid accidental
+    mailbombing, for example on an initial push.  To disable commit
+    emails limit, set this option to 0.  The default is 500.
+
+multimailhook.emailStrictUTF8
+
+    If this boolean option is set to "true", then the main part of the
+    email body is forced to be valid UTF-8.  Any characters that are
+    not valid UTF-8 are converted to the Unicode replacement
+    character, U+FFFD.  The default is "true".
+
+multimailhook.diffOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git diff-tree" when generating the summary
+    information for ReferenceChange emails.  Default is "--stat
+    --summary --find-copies-harder".  Add -p to those options to
+    include a unified diff of changes in addition to the usual summary
+    output.  Shell quoting is allowed; see multimailhook.logOpts for
+    details.
+
+multimailhook.logOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git log" to generate additional info for
+    reference change emails (used only if refchangeShowLog is set).
+    For example, adding --graph will show the graph of revisions, -p
+    will show the complete diff, etc.  The default is empty.
+
+    Shell quoting is allowed; for example, a log format that contains
+    spaces can be specified using something like:
+
+      git config multimailhook.logopts '--pretty=format:"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n"'
+
+    If you want to set this by editing your configuration file
+    directly, remember that Git requires double-quotes to be escaped
+    (see git-config(1) for more information):
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              logopts = --pretty=format:\"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n\"
+
+multimailhook.emailDomain
+
+    Domain name appended to the username of the person doing the push
+    to convert it into an email address (via "%s@%s" % (username,
+    emaildomain)).  More complicated schemes can be implemented by
+    overriding Environment and overriding its get_pusher_email()
+    method.
+
+multimailhook.replyTo
+multimailhook.replyToCommit
+multimailhook.replyToRefchange
+
+    Addresses to use in the Reply-To: field for commit emails
+    (replyToCommit) and refchange emails (replyToRefchange).
+    multimailhook.replyTo is used as default when replyToCommit or
+    replyToRefchange is not set.  The value for these variables can be
+    either:
+
+    - An email address, which will be used directly.
+
+    - The value "pusher", in which case the pusher's address (if
+      available) will be used.  This is the default for refchange
+      emails.
+
+    - The value "author" (meaningful only for replyToCommit), in which
+      case the commit author's address will be used.  This is the
+      default for commit emails.
+
+    - The value "none", in which case the Reply-To: field will be
+      omitted.
+
+
+Email filtering aids
+--------------------
+
+All emails include extra headers to enable fine tuned filtering and
+give information for debugging.  All emails include the headers
+"X-Git-Repo", "X-Git-Refname", and "X-Git-Reftype".  ReferenceChange
+emails also include headers "X-Git-Oldrev" and "X-Git-Newrev";
+Revision emails also include header "X-Git-Rev".
+
+
+Customizing email contents
+--------------------------
+
+git-multimail mostly generates emails by expanding templates.  The
+templates can be customized.  To avoid the need to edit
+git_multimail.py directly, the preferred way to change the templates
+is to write a separate Python script that imports git_multimail.py as
+a module, then replaces the templates in place.  See the provided
+post-receive script for an example of how this is done.
+
+
+Customizing git-multimail for your environment
+----------------------------------------------
+
+git-multimail is mostly customized via an "environment" that describes
+the local environment in which Git is running.  Two types of
+environment are built in:
+
+* GenericEnvironment: a stand-alone Git repository.
+
+* GitoliteEnvironment: a Git repository that is managed by gitolite
+  [3].  For such repositories, the identity of the pusher is read from
+  environment variable $GL_USER, and the name of the repository is
+  read from $GL_REPO (if it is not overridden by
+  multimailhook.reponame).
+
+By default, git-multimail assumes GitoliteEnvironment if $GL_USER and
+$GL_REPO are set, and otherwise assumes GenericEnvironment.
+Alternatively, you can choose one of these two environments explicitly
+by setting a "multimailhook.environment" config setting (which can
+have the value "generic" or "gitolite") or by passing an --environment
+option to the script.
+
+If you need to customize the script in ways that are not supported by
+the existing environments, you can define your own environment class
+class using arbitrary Python code.  To do so, you need to import
+git_multimail.py as a Python module, as demonstrated by the example
+post-receive script.  Then implement your environment class; it should
+usually inherit from one of the existing Environment classes and
+possibly one or more of the EnvironmentMixin classes.  Then set the
+"environment" variable to an instance of your own environment class
+and pass it to run_as_post_receive_hook().
+
+The standard environment classes, GenericEnvironment and
+GitoliteEnvironment, are in fact themselves put together out of a
+number of mixin classes, each of which handles one aspect of the
+customization.  For the finest control over your configuration, you
+can specify exactly which mixin classes your own environment class
+should inherit from, and override individual methods (or even add your
+own mixin classes) to implement entirely new behaviors.  If you
+implement any mixins that might be useful to other people, please
+consider sharing them with the community!
+
+
+Getting involved
+----------------
+
+git-multimail is an open-source project, built by volunteers.  We
+would welcome your help!
+
+The current maintainer is Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>.
+
+General discussion of git-multimail takes place on the main Git
+mailing list,
+
+    git@vger.kernel.org
+
+Please CC emails regarding git-multimail to me so that I don't
+overlook them.
+
+The git-multimail project itself is currently hosted on GitHub:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+We use the GitHub issue tracker to keep track of bugs and feature
+requests, and GitHub pull requests to exchange patches (though, if you
+prefer, you can send patches via the Git mailing list with cc to me).
+
+Please note that although a copy of git-multimail will probably be
+distributed in the "contrib" section of the main Git project,
+development takes place in the separate git-multimail repository on
+GitHub!  (Whenever enough changes to git-multimail have accumulated, a
+new code-drop of git-multimail will be submitted for inclusion in the
+Git project.)
+
+
+Footnotes
+---------
+
+[1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/
+
+[2] Because of the way information is passed to update hooks, the
+    script's method of determining whether a commit has already been
+    seen does not work when it is used as an "update" script.  In
+    particular, no notification email will be generated for a new
+    commit that is added to multiple references in the same push.
+
+[3] https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c2e66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+This copy of git-multimail is distributed as part of the "contrib"
+section of the Git project as a convenience to Git users.
+git-multimail is developed as an independent project at the following
+website:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+The version in this directory was obtained from the upstream project
+on 2013-07-14 and consists of the "git-multimail" subdirectory from
+revision
+
+    1a5cb09c698a74d15a715a86b09ead5f56bf4b06
+
+Please see the README file in this directory for information about how
+to report bugs or contribute to git-multimail.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e6a976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+git-multimail is close to, but not exactly, a plug-in replacement for
+the old Git project script contrib/hooks/post-receive-email.  This
+document describes the differences and explains how to configure
+git-multimail to get behavior closest to that of post-receive-email.
+
+If you are in a hurry
+=====================
+
+A script called migrate-mailhook-config is included with
+git-multimail.  If you run this script within a Git repository that is
+configured to use post-receive-email, it will convert the
+configuration settings into the approximate equivalent settings for
+git-multimail.  For more information, run
+
+    migrate-mailhook-config --help
+
+
+Configuration differences
+=========================
+
+* The names of the config options for git-multimail are in namespace
+  "multimailhook.*" instead of "hooks.*".  (Editorial comment:
+  post-receive-email should never have used such a generic top-level
+  namespace.)
+
+* In emails about new annotated tags, post-receive-email includes a
+  shortlog of all changes since the previous annotated tag.  To get
+  this behavior with git-multimail, you need to set
+  multimailhook.announceshortlog to true:
+
+      git config multimailhook.announceshortlog true
+
+* multimailhook.commitlist -- This is a new configuration variable.
+  Recipients listed here will receive a separate email for each new
+  commit.  However, if this variable is *not* set, it defaults to the
+  value of multimailhook.mailinglist.  Therefore, if you *don't* want
+  the members of multimailhook.mailinglist to receive one email per
+  commit, then set this value to the empty string:
+
+      git config multimailhook.commitlist ''
+
+* multimailhook.emailprefix -- If this value is not set, then the
+  subjects of generated emails are prefixed with the short name of the
+  repository enclosed in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+  post-receive-email defaults to prefix "[SCM]" if this option is not
+  set.  So if you were using the old default and want to retain it
+  (for example, to avoid having to change your email filters), set
+  this variable explicitly to the old value:
+
+      git config multimailhook.emailprefix "[SCM]"
+
+* The "multimailhook.showrev" configuration option is not supported.
+  Its main use is obsoleted by the one-email-per-commit feature of
+  git-multimail.
+
+
+Other differences
+=================
+
+This section describes other differences in the behavior of
+git-multimail vs. post-receive-email.  For full details, please refer
+to the main README file:
+
+* One email per commit.  For each reference change, the script first
+  outputs one email summarizing the reference change (including
+  one-line summaries of the new commits), then it outputs a separate
+  email for each new commit that was introduced, including patches.
+  These one-email-per-commit emails go to the addresses listed in
+  multimailhook.commitlist.  post-receive-email sends only one email
+  for each *reference* that is changed, no matter how many commits
+  were added to the reference.
+
+* Better algorithm for detecting new commits.  post-receive-email
+  processes one reference change at a time, which causes it to fail to
+  describe new commits that were included in multiple branches.  For
+  example, if a single push adds the "*" commits in the diagram below,
+  then post-receive-email would never include the details of the two
+  commits that are common to "master" and "branch" in its
+  notifications.
+
+      o---o---o---*---*---*    <-- master
+                       \
+                        *---*  <-- branch
+
+  git-multimail analyzes all reference modifications to determine
+  which commits were not present before the change, therefore avoiding
+  that error.
+
+* In reference change emails, git-multimail tells which commits have
+  been added to the reference vs. are entirely new to the repository,
+  and which commits that have been omitted from the reference
+  vs. entirely discarded from the repository.
+
+* The environment in which Git is running can be configured via an
+  "Environment" abstraction.
+
+* Built-in support for Gitolite-managed repositories.
+
+* Instead of using full SHA1 object names in emails, git-multimail
+  mostly uses abbreviated SHA1s, plus one-line log message summaries
+  where appropriate.
+
+* In the schematic diagrams that explain non-fast-forward commits,
+  git-multimail shows the names of the branches involved.
+
+* The emails generated by git-multimail include the name of the Git
+  repository that was modified; this is convenient for recipients who
+  are monitoring multiple repositories.
+
+* git-multimail allows the email "From" addresses to be configured.
+
+* The recipients lists (multimailhook.mailinglist,
+  multimailhook.refchangelist, multimailhook.announcelist, and
+  multimailhook.commitlist) can be comma-separated values and/or
+  multivalued settings in the config file; e.g.,
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              mailinglist = mr.brown@example.com, mr.black@example.com
+              announcelist = Him <him@example.com>
+              announcelist = Jim <jim@example.com>
+              announcelist = pop@example.com
+
+  This might make it easier to maintain short recipients lists without
+  requiring full-fledged mailing list software.
+
+* By default, git-multimail sets email "Reply-To" headers to reply to
+  the pusher (for reference updates) and to the author (for commit
+  notifications).  By default, the pusher's email address is
+  constructed by appending "multimailhook.emaildomain" to the pusher's
+  username.
+
+* The generated emails contain a configurable footer.  By default, it
+  lists the name of the administrator who should be contacted to
+  unsubscribe from notification emails.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailmaxlinelength to limit the length of
+  lines in the main part of the email body.  The default limit is 500
+  characters.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailstrictutf8 to ensure that the main
+  part of the email body is valid UTF-8.  Invalid characters are
+  turned into the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.  By default
+  this option is turned on.
+
+* Written in Python.  Easier to add new features.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..81c6a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2393 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+# Copyright (c) 2012,2013 Michael Haggerty
+# Derived from contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, which is
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+# and also includes contributions by other authors.
+#
+# This file is part of git-multimail.
+#
+# git-multimail is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
+# 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see
+# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Generate notification emails for pushes to a git repository.
+
+This hook sends emails describing changes introduced by pushes to a
+git repository.  For each reference that was changed, it emits one
+ReferenceChange email summarizing how the reference was changed,
+followed by one Revision email for each new commit that was introduced
+by the reference change.
+
+Each commit is announced in exactly one Revision email.  If the same
+commit is merged into another branch in the same or a later push, then
+the ReferenceChange email will list the commit's SHA1 and its one-line
+summary, but no new Revision email will be generated.
+
+This script is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a git
+repository (see githooks(5)).  It can also be used as an "update"
+script, but this usage is not completely reliable and is deprecated.
+
+To help with debugging, this script accepts a --stdout option, which
+causes the emails to be written to standard output rather than sent
+using sendmail.
+
+See the accompanying README file for the complete documentation.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import bisect
+import subprocess
+import shlex
+import optparse
+import smtplib
+
+try:
+    from email.utils import make_msgid
+    from email.utils import getaddresses
+    from email.utils import formataddr
+    from email.header import Header
+except ImportError:
+    # Prior to Python 2.5, the email module used different names:
+    from email.Utils import make_msgid
+    from email.Utils import getaddresses
+    from email.Utils import formataddr
+    from email.Header import Header
+
+
+DEBUG = False
+
+ZEROS = '0' * 40
+LOGBEGIN = '- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+LOGEND = '-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+
+
+# It is assumed in many places that the encoding is uniformly UTF-8,
+# so changing these constants is unsupported.  But define them here
+# anyway, to make it easier to find (at least most of) the places
+# where the encoding is important.
+(ENCODING, CHARSET) = ('UTF-8', 'utf-8')
+
+
+REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s created'
+    ' (now %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s updated'
+    ' (%(oldrev_short)s -> %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s deleted'
+    ' (was %(oldrev_short)s)'
+    )
+
+REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(subject)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Message-ID: %(msgid)s
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Oldrev: %(oldrev)s
+X-Git-Newrev: %(newrev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a change to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+
+-- \n\
+To stop receiving notification emails like this one, please contact
+%(administrator)s.
+"""
+
+
+REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update removed existing revisions from the reference, leaving the
+reference pointing at a previous point in the repository history.
+
+ * -- * -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NON_FF_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update added new revisions after undoing existing revisions.
+That is to say, some revisions that were in the old version of the
+%(refname_type)s are not in the new version.  This situation occurs
+when a user --force pushes a change and generates a repository
+containing something like this:
+
+ * -- * -- B -- O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             N -- N -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+
+You should already have received notification emails for all of the O
+revisions, and so the following emails describe only the N revisions
+from the common base, B.
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+No new revisions were added by this update.
+"""
+
+
+DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+This change permanently discards the following revisions:
+"""
+
+
+NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The revisions that were on this %(refname_type)s are still contained in
+other references; therefore, this change does not discard any commits
+from the repository.
+"""
+
+
+NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The %(tot)s revisions listed above as "new" are entirely new to this
+repository and will be described in separate emails.  The revisions
+listed as "adds" were already present in the repository and have only
+been added to this reference.
+
+"""
+
+
+TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+        at  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was modified! ***
+
+      from  %(oldrev_short)-9s (%(oldrev_type)s)
+        to  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was deleted! ***
+
+"""
+
+
+# The template used in summary tables.  It looks best if this uses the
+# same alignment as TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE and TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE.
+BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE = """\
+%(action)10s  %(rev_short)-9s %(text)s
+"""
+
+
+NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an unusual reference change because the reference did not
+refer to a commit either before or after the change.  We do not know
+how to provide full information about this reference change.
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(emailprefix)s%(num)02d/%(tot)02d: %(oneline)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+In-Reply-To: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+References: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Rev: %(rev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+
+class CommandError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, retcode):
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.retcode = retcode
+        Exception.__init__(
+            self,
+            'Command "%s" failed with retcode %s' % (' '.join(cmd), retcode,)
+            )
+
+
+class ConfigurationException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def read_git_output(args, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Read the output of a Git command."""
+
+    return read_output(
+        ['git', '-c', 'i18n.logoutputencoding=%s' % (ENCODING,)] + args,
+        input=input, keepends=keepends, **kw
+        )
+
+
+def read_output(cmd, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    if input:
+        stdin = subprocess.PIPE
+    else:
+        stdin = None
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd, stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kw
+        )
+    (out, err) = p.communicate(input)
+    retcode = p.wait()
+    if retcode:
+        raise CommandError(cmd, retcode)
+    if not keepends:
+        out = out.rstrip('\n\r')
+    return out
+
+
+def read_git_lines(args, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Return the lines output by Git command.
+
+    Return as single lines, with newlines stripped off."""
+
+    return read_git_output(args, keepends=True, **kw).splitlines(keepends)
+
+
+class Config(object):
+    def __init__(self, section, git_config=None):
+        """Represent a section of the git configuration.
+
+        If git_config is specified, it is passed to "git config" in
+        the GIT_CONFIG environment variable, meaning that "git config"
+        will read the specified path rather than the Git default
+        config paths."""
+
+        self.section = section
+        if git_config:
+            self.env = os.environ.copy()
+            self.env['GIT_CONFIG'] = git_config
+        else:
+            self.env = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split(s):
+        """Split NUL-terminated values."""
+
+        words = s.split('\0')
+        assert words[-1] == ''
+        return words[:-1]
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            values = self._split(read_git_output(
+                    ['config', '--get', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                    env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                    ))
+            assert len(values) == 1
+            return values[0]
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_bool(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            value = read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get', '--bool', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+        return value == 'true'
+
+    def get_all(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a (possibly multivalued) setting from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a list of values, or default if the name
+        is unset."""
+
+        try:
+            return self._split(read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get-all', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                ))
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 1:
+                # "the section or key is invalid"; i.e., there is no
+                # value for the specified key.
+                return default
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def get_recipients(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a recipients list from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a comma-separated list of email
+        addresses, or default if the option is unset.  If the setting
+        has multiple values, concatenate them with comma separators."""
+
+        lines = self.get_all(name, default=None)
+        if lines is None:
+            return default
+        return ', '.join(line.strip() for line in lines)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def add(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '--add', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def has_key(self, name):
+        return self.get_all(name, default=None) is not None
+
+    def unset_all(self, name):
+        try:
+            read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--unset-all', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 5:
+                # The name doesn't exist, which is what we wanted anyway...
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def set_recipients(self, name, value):
+        self.unset_all(name)
+        for pair in getaddresses([value]):
+            self.add(name, formataddr(pair))
+
+
+def generate_summaries(*log_args):
+    """Generate a brief summary for each revision requested.
+
+    log_args are strings that will be passed directly to "git log" as
+    revision selectors.  Iterate over (sha1_short, subject) for each
+    commit specified by log_args (subject is the first line of the
+    commit message as a string without EOLs)."""
+
+    cmd = [
+        'log', '--abbrev', '--format=%h %s',
+        ] + list(log_args) + ['--']
+    for line in read_git_lines(cmd):
+        yield tuple(line.split(' ', 1))
+
+
+def limit_lines(lines, max_lines):
+    for (index, line) in enumerate(lines):
+        if index < max_lines:
+            yield line
+
+    if index >= max_lines:
+        yield '... %d lines suppressed ...\n' % (index + 1 - max_lines,)
+
+
+def limit_linelength(lines, max_linelength):
+    for line in lines:
+        # Don't forget that lines always include a trailing newline.
+        if len(line) > max_linelength + 1:
+            line = line[:max_linelength - 7] + ' [...]\n'
+        yield line
+
+
+class CommitSet(object):
+    """A (constant) set of object names.
+
+    The set should be initialized with full SHA1 object names.  The
+    __contains__() method returns True iff its argument is an
+    abbreviation of any the names in the set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, names):
+        self._names = sorted(names)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._names)
+
+    def __contains__(self, sha1_abbrev):
+        """Return True iff this set contains sha1_abbrev (which might be abbreviated)."""
+
+        i = bisect.bisect_left(self._names, sha1_abbrev)
+        return i < len(self) and self._names[i].startswith(sha1_abbrev)
+
+
+class GitObject(object):
+    def __init__(self, sha1, type=None):
+        if sha1 == ZEROS:
+            self.sha1 = self.type = self.commit_sha1 = None
+        else:
+            self.sha1 = sha1
+            self.type = type or read_git_output(['cat-file', '-t', self.sha1])
+
+            if self.type == 'commit':
+                self.commit_sha1 = self.sha1
+            elif self.type == 'tag':
+                try:
+                    self.commit_sha1 = read_git_output(
+                        ['rev-parse', '--verify', '%s^0' % (self.sha1,)]
+                        )
+                except CommandError:
+                    # Cannot deref tag to determine commit_sha1
+                    self.commit_sha1 = None
+            else:
+                self.commit_sha1 = None
+
+        self.short = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--short', sha1])
+
+    def get_summary(self):
+        """Return (sha1_short, subject) for this commit."""
+
+        if not self.sha1:
+            raise ValueError('Empty commit has no summary')
+
+        return iter(generate_summaries('--no-walk', self.sha1)).next()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, GitObject) and self.sha1 == other.sha1
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.sha1)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self.sha1)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.sha1 or ZEROS
+
+
+class Change(object):
+    """A Change that has been made to the Git repository.
+
+    Abstract class from which both Revisions and ReferenceChanges are
+    derived.  A Change knows how to generate a notification email
+    describing itself."""
+
+    def __init__(self, environment):
+        self.environment = environment
+        self._values = None
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Derived classes overload this method to add more entries to
+        the return value.  This method is used internally by
+        get_values().  The return value should always be a new
+        dictionary."""
+
+        return self.environment.get_values()
+
+    def get_values(self, **extra_values):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Return a dictionary mapping keywords to the values that they
+        should be expanded to for this Change (used when interpolating
+        template strings).  If any keyword arguments are supplied, add
+        those to the return value as well.  The return value is always
+        a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            self._values = self._compute_values()
+
+        values = self._values.copy()
+        if extra_values:
+            values.update(extra_values)
+        return values
+
+    def expand(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Expand template.
+
+        Expand the template (which should be a string) using string
+        interpolation of the values for this Change.  If any keyword
+        arguments are provided, also include those in the keywords
+        available for interpolation."""
+
+        return template % self.get_values(**extra_values)
+
+    def expand_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines(True):
+            yield line % values
+
+    def expand_header_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line as an RFC 2822 header.
+
+        Encode values and split up lines that are too long.  Silently
+        skip lines that contain references to unknown variables."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines():
+            (name, value) = line.split(':', 1)
+
+            try:
+                value = value % values
+            except KeyError, e:
+                if DEBUG:
+                    sys.stderr.write(
+                        'Warning: unknown variable %r in the following line; line skipped:\n'
+                        '    %s\n'
+                        % (e.args[0], line,)
+                        )
+            else:
+                try:
+                    h = Header(value, header_name=name)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    h = Header(value, header_name=name, charset=CHARSET, errors='replace')
+                for splitline in ('%s: %s\n' % (name, h.encode(),)).splitlines(True):
+                    yield splitline
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        """Generate the RFC 2822 email headers for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output should not include the trailing blank line."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        """Generate the email intro for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output will be used as the standard boilerplate at the top
+        of the email body."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_body(self):
+        """Generate the main part of the email body, a line at a time.
+
+        The text in the body might be truncated after a specified
+        number of lines (see multimailhook.emailmaxlines)."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        """Generate the footer of the email, a line at a time.
+
+        The footer is always included, irrespective of
+        multimailhook.emailmaxlines."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email(self, push, body_filter=None):
+        """Generate an email describing this change.
+
+        Iterate over the lines (including the header lines) of an
+        email describing this change.  If body_filter is not None,
+        then use it to filter the lines that are intended for the
+        email body."""
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_header():
+            yield line
+        yield '\n'
+        for line in self.generate_email_intro():
+            yield line
+
+        body = self.generate_email_body(push)
+        if body_filter is not None:
+            body = body_filter(body)
+        for line in body:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_footer():
+            yield line
+
+
+class Revision(Change):
+    """A Change consisting of a single git commit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reference_change, rev, num, tot):
+        Change.__init__(self, reference_change.environment)
+        self.reference_change = reference_change
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.change_type = self.reference_change.change_type
+        self.refname = self.reference_change.refname
+        self.num = num
+        self.tot = tot
+        self.author = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%aN <%aE>', self.rev.sha1])
+        self.recipients = self.environment.get_revision_recipients(self)
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        oneline = read_git_output(
+            ['log', '--format=%s', '--no-walk', self.rev.sha1]
+            )
+
+        values['rev'] = self.rev.sha1
+        values['rev_short'] = self.rev.short
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.reference_change.short_refname
+        values['refname_type'] = self.reference_change.refname_type
+        values['reply_to_msgid'] = self.reference_change.msgid
+        values['num'] = self.num
+        values['tot'] = self.tot
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oneline'] = oneline
+        values['author'] = self.author
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_commit(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Show this revision."""
+
+        return read_git_lines(
+            [
+                'log', '-C',
+                 '--stat', '-p', '--cc',
+                '-1', self.rev.sha1,
+                ],
+            keepends=True,
+            )
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+
+class ReferenceChange(Change):
+    """A Change to a Git reference.
+
+    An abstract class representing a create, update, or delete of a
+    Git reference.  Derived classes handle specific types of reference
+    (e.g., tags vs. branches).  These classes generate the main
+    reference change email summarizing the reference change and
+    whether it caused any any commits to be added or removed.
+
+    ReferenceChange objects are usually created using the static
+    create() method, which has the logic to decide which derived class
+    to instantiate."""
+
+    REF_RE = re.compile(r'^refs\/(?P<area>[^\/]+)\/(?P<shortname>.*)$')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname):
+        """Return a ReferenceChange object representing the change.
+
+        Return an object that represents the type of change that is being
+        made. oldrev and newrev should be SHA1s or ZEROS."""
+
+        old = GitObject(oldrev)
+        new = GitObject(newrev)
+        rev = new or old
+
+        # The revision type tells us what type the commit is, combined with
+        # the location of the ref we can decide between
+        #  - working branch
+        #  - tracking branch
+        #  - unannotated tag
+        #  - annotated tag
+        m = ReferenceChange.REF_RE.match(refname)
+        if m:
+            area = m.group('area')
+            short_refname = m.group('shortname')
+        else:
+            area = ''
+            short_refname = refname
+
+        if rev.type == 'tag':
+            # Annotated tag:
+            klass = AnnotatedTagChange
+        elif rev.type == 'commit':
+            if area == 'tags':
+                # Non-annotated tag:
+                klass = NonAnnotatedTagChange
+            elif area == 'heads':
+                # Branch:
+                klass = BranchChange
+            elif area == 'remotes':
+                # Tracking branch:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of tracking branch %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+            else:
+                # Some other reference namespace:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of strange reference %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+        else:
+            # Anything else (is there anything else?)
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Unknown type of update to %r (%s)\n'
+                '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                 % (refname, rev.type,)
+                )
+            klass = OtherReferenceChange
+
+        return klass(
+            environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        Change.__init__(self, environment)
+        self.change_type = {
+            (False, True) : 'create',
+            (True, True) : 'update',
+            (True, False) : 'delete',
+            }[bool(old), bool(new)]
+        self.refname = refname
+        self.short_refname = short_refname
+        self.old = old
+        self.new = new
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.msgid = make_msgid()
+        self.diffopts = environment.diffopts
+        self.logopts = environment.logopts
+        self.showlog = environment.refchange_showlog
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname_type'] = self.refname_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.short_refname
+        values['msgid'] = self.msgid
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oldrev'] = str(self.old)
+        values['oldrev_short'] = self.old.short
+        values['newrev'] = str(self.new)
+        values['newrev_short'] = self.new.short
+
+        if self.old:
+            values['oldrev_type'] = self.old.type
+        if self.new:
+            values['newrev_type'] = self.new.type
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_refchange(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def get_subject(self):
+        template = {
+            'create' : REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'update' : REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'delete' : REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            }[self.change_type]
+        return self.expand(template)
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+            REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE, subject=self.get_subject(),
+            ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Call the appropriate body-generation routine.
+
+        Call one of generate_create_summary() /
+        generate_update_summary() / generate_delete_summary()."""
+
+        change_summary = {
+            'create' : self.generate_create_summary,
+            'delete' : self.generate_delete_summary,
+            'update' : self.generate_update_summary,
+            }[self.change_type](push)
+        for line in change_summary:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_summary(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+    def generate_revision_change_log(self, new_commits_list):
+        if self.showlog:
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Detailed log of new commits:\n\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['log', '--no-walk']
+                    + self.logopts
+                    + new_commits_list
+                    + ['--'],
+                    keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_revision_change_summary(self, push):
+        """Generate a summary of the revisions added/removed by this change."""
+
+        if self.new.commit_sha1 and not self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A new reference was created.  List the new revisions
+            # brought by the new reference (i.e., those revisions that
+            # were not in the repository before this reference
+            # change).
+            sha1s = list(push.get_new_commits(self))
+            sha1s.reverse()
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            new_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if new_revisions:
+                yield self.expand('This %(refname_type)s includes the following new commits:\n')
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in new_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='new', text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=tot):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log([r.rev.sha1 for r in new_revisions]):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif self.new.commit_sha1 and self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was changed to point at a different commit.
+            # List the revisions that were removed and/or added *from
+            # that reference* by this reference change, along with a
+            # diff between the trees for its old and new values.
+
+            # List of the revisions that were added to the branch by
+            # this update.  Note this list can include revisions that
+            # have already had notification emails; we want such
+            # revisions in the summary even though we will not send
+            # new notification emails for them.
+            adds = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '--topo-order', '--reverse', '%s..%s'
+                    % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            # List of the revisions that were removed from the branch
+            # by this update.  This will be empty except for
+            # non-fast-forward updates.
+            discards = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '%s..%s' % (self.new.commit_sha1, self.old.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            if adds:
+                new_commits_list = push.get_new_commits(self)
+            else:
+                new_commits_list = []
+            new_commits = CommitSet(new_commits_list)
+
+            if discards:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            else:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet([])
+
+            if discards and adds:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NON_FF_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif discards:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif adds:
+                (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+                yield self.expand(
+                    BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='from',
+                    rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                    )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+
+            yield '\n'
+
+            if new_commits:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=len(new_commits)):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log(new_commits_list):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            # The diffstat is shown from the old revision to the new
+            # revision.  This is to show the truth of what happened in
+            # this change.  There's no point showing the stat from the
+            # base to the new revision because the base is effectively a
+            # random revision at this point - the user will be interested
+            # in what this revision changed - including the undoing of
+            # previous revisions in the case of non-fast-forward updates.
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Summary of changes:\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                ['diff-tree']
+                + self.diffopts
+                + ['%s..%s' % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)],
+                keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+        elif self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was deleted.  List the revisions that were
+            # removed from the repository by this reference change.
+
+            sha1s = list(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            discarded_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if discarded_revisions:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in discarded_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='discards', text=subject,
+                        )
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif not self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            for line in self.expand_lines(NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of a reference."""
+
+        # This is a new reference and so oldrev is not valid
+        (sha1, subject) = self.new.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='at',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the change of a pre-existing branch."""
+
+        return iter([])
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the deletion of any type of reference."""
+
+        (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='was',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class BranchChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'branch'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class AnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'annotated tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_announce_recipients(self)
+        self.show_shortlog = environment.announce_show_shortlog
+
+    ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT = (
+        '%(*objectname)\n'
+        '%(*objecttype)\n'
+        '%(taggername)\n'
+        '%(taggerdate)'
+        )
+
+    def describe_tag(self, push):
+        """Describe the new value of an annotated tag."""
+
+        # Use git for-each-ref to pull out the individual fields from
+        # the tag
+        [tagobject, tagtype, tagger, tagged] = read_git_lines(
+            ['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (self.ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT,), self.refname],
+            )
+
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='tagging',
+            rev_short=tagobject, text='(%s)' % (tagtype,),
+            )
+        if tagtype == 'commit':
+            # If the tagged object is a commit, then we assume this is a
+            # release, and so we calculate which tag this tag is
+            # replacing
+            try:
+                prevtag = read_git_output(['describe', '--abbrev=0', '%s^' % (self.new,)])
+            except CommandError:
+                prevtag = None
+            if prevtag:
+                yield '  replaces  %s\n' % (prevtag,)
+        else:
+            prevtag = None
+            yield '    length  %s bytes\n' % (read_git_output(['cat-file', '-s', tagobject]),)
+
+        yield ' tagged by  %s\n' % (tagger,)
+        yield '        on  %s\n' % (tagged,)
+        yield '\n'
+
+        # Show the content of the tag message; this might contain a
+        # change log or release notes so is worth displaying.
+        yield LOGBEGIN
+        contents = list(read_git_lines(['cat-file', 'tag', self.new.sha1], keepends=True))
+        contents = contents[contents.index('\n') + 1:]
+        if contents and contents[-1][-1:] != '\n':
+            contents.append('\n')
+        for line in contents:
+            yield line
+
+        if self.show_shortlog and tagtype == 'commit':
+            # Only commit tags make sense to have rev-list operations
+            # performed on them
+            yield '\n'
+            if prevtag:
+                # Show changes since the previous release
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s..%s' % (prevtag, self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            else:
+                # No previous tag, show all the changes since time
+                # began
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s' % (self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            for line in read_git_lines(['shortlog'], input=revlist, keepends=True):
+                yield line
+
+        yield LOGEND
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the update of an annotated tag.
+
+        This is probably a rare event and may not even be allowed."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        yield self.expand('   tag was  %(oldrev_short)s\n')
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class NonAnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in ReferenceChange.generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+            yield line
+
+
+class OtherReferenceChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'reference'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        # We use the full refname as short_refname, because otherwise
+        # the full name of the reference would not be obvious from the
+        # text of the email.
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class Mailer(object):
+    """An object that can send emails."""
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        """Send an email consisting of lines.
+
+        lines must be an iterable over the lines constituting the
+        header and body of the email.  to_addrs is a list of recipient
+        addresses (can be needed even if lines already contains a
+        "To:" field).  It can be either a string (comma-separated list
+        of email addresses) or a Python list of individual email
+        addresses.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SendMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using 'sendmail -t'."""
+
+    SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES = [
+        '/usr/sbin/sendmail',
+        '/usr/lib/sendmail',
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def find_sendmail():
+        for path in SendMailer.SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.access(path, os.X_OK):
+                return path
+        else:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'No sendmail executable found.  '
+                'Try setting multimailhook.sendmailCommand.'
+                )
+
+    def __init__(self, command=None, envelopesender=None):
+        """Construct a SendMailer instance.
+
+        command should be the command and arguments used to invoke
+        sendmail, as a list of strings.  If an envelopesender is
+        provided, it will also be passed to the command, via '-f
+        envelopesender'."""
+
+        if command:
+            self.command = command[:]
+        else:
+            self.command = [self.find_sendmail(), '-t']
+
+        if envelopesender:
+            self.command.extend(['-f', envelopesender])
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(self.command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        except OSError, e:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Cannot execute command: %s\n' % ' '.join(self.command)
+                + '*** %s\n' % str(e)
+                + '*** Try setting multimailhook.mailer to "smtp"\n'
+                '*** to send emails without using the sendmail command.\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        try:
+            p.stdin.writelines(lines)
+        except:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Error while generating commit email\n'
+                '***  - mail sending aborted.\n'
+                )
+            p.terminate()
+            raise
+        else:
+            p.stdin.close()
+            retcode = p.wait()
+            if retcode:
+                raise CommandError(self.command, retcode)
+
+
+class SMTPMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using Python's smtplib."""
+
+    def __init__(self, envelopesender, smtpserver):
+        if not envelopesender:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'fatal: git_multimail: cannot use SMTPMailer without a sender address.\n'
+                'please set either multimailhook.envelopeSender or user.email\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        self.envelopesender = envelopesender
+        self.smtpserver = smtpserver
+        try:
+            self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpserver)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error establishing SMTP connection to %s***\n' % self.smtpserver)
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.smtp.quit()
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            msg = ''.join(lines)
+            # turn comma-separated list into Python list if needed.
+            if isinstance(to_addrs, basestring):
+                to_addrs = [email for (name, email) in getaddresses([to_addrs])]
+            self.smtp.sendmail(self.envelopesender, to_addrs, msg)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error sending email***\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            self.smtp.quit()
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class OutputMailer(Mailer):
+    """Write emails to an output stream, bracketed by lines of '=' characters.
+
+    This is intended for debugging purposes."""
+
+    SEPARATOR = '=' * 75 + '\n'
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+        self.f.writelines(lines)
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+
+
+def get_git_dir():
+    """Determine GIT_DIR.
+
+    Determine GIT_DIR either from the GIT_DIR environment variable or
+    from the working directory, using Git's usual rules."""
+
+    try:
+        return read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'])
+    except CommandError:
+        sys.stderr.write('fatal: git_multimail: not in a git directory\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    """Describes the environment in which the push is occurring.
+
+    An Environment object encapsulates information about the local
+    environment.  For example, it knows how to determine:
+
+    * the name of the repository to which the push occurred
+
+    * what user did the push
+
+    * what users want to be informed about various types of changes.
+
+    An Environment object is expected to have the following methods:
+
+        get_repo_shortname()
+
+            Return a short name for the repository, for display
+            purposes.
+
+        get_repo_path()
+
+            Return the absolute path to the Git repository.
+
+        get_emailprefix()
+
+            Return a string that will be prefixed to every email's
+            subject.
+
+        get_pusher()
+
+            Return the username of the person who pushed the changes.
+            This value is used in the email body to indicate who
+            pushed the change.
+
+        get_pusher_email() (may return None)
+
+            Return the email address of the person who pushed the
+            changes.  The value should be a single RFC 2822 email
+            address as a string; e.g., "Joe User <user@example.com>"
+            if available, otherwise "user@example.com".  If set, the
+            value is used as the Reply-To address for refchange
+            emails.  If it is impossible to determine the pusher's
+            email, this attribute should be set to None (in which case
+            no Reply-To header will be output).
+
+        get_sender()
+
+            Return the address to be used as the 'From' email address
+            in the email envelope.
+
+        get_fromaddr()
+
+            Return the 'From' email address used in the email 'From:'
+            headers.  (May be a full RFC 2822 email address like 'Joe
+            User <user@example.com>'.)
+
+        get_administrator()
+
+            Return the name and/or email of the repository
+            administrator.  This value is used in the footer as the
+            person to whom requests to be removed from the
+            notification list should be sent.  Ideally, it should
+            include a valid email address.
+
+        get_reply_to_refchange()
+        get_reply_to_commit()
+
+            Return the address to use in the email "Reply-To" header,
+            as a string.  These can be an RFC 2822 email address, or
+            None to omit the "Reply-To" header.
+            get_reply_to_refchange() is used for refchange emails;
+            get_reply_to_commit() is used for individual commit
+            emails.
+
+    They should also define the following attributes:
+
+        announce_show_shortlog (bool)
+
+            True iff announce emails should include a shortlog.
+
+        refchange_showlog (bool)
+
+            True iff refchanges emails should include a detailed log.
+
+        diffopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git diff' for the
+            summary email.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+        logopts (list of strings)
+
+            Analogous to diffopts, but contains options passed to
+            'git log' when generating the detailed log for a set of
+            commits (see refchange_showlog)
+
+    """
+
+    REPO_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>.+?)(?:\.git)$')
+
+    def __init__(self, osenv=None):
+        self.osenv = osenv or os.environ
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = False
+        self.maxcommitemails = 500
+        self.diffopts = ['--stat', '--summary', '--find-copies-harder']
+        self.logopts = []
+        self.refchange_showlog = False
+
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS = [
+            'administrator',
+            'charset',
+            'emailprefix',
+            'fromaddr',
+            'pusher',
+            'pusher_email',
+            'repo_path',
+            'repo_shortname',
+            'sender',
+            ]
+
+        self._values = None
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        """Use the last part of the repo path, with ".git" stripped off if present."""
+
+        basename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(self.get_repo_path()))
+        m = self.REPO_NAME_RE.match(basename)
+        if m:
+            return m.group('name')
+        else:
+            return basename
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        return None
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return 'the administrator of this repository'
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        return ''
+
+    def get_repo_path(self):
+        if read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--is-bare-repository']) == 'true':
+            path = get_git_dir()
+        else:
+            path = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'])
+        return os.path.abspath(path)
+
+    def get_charset(self):
+        return CHARSET
+
+    def get_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Environment.
+
+        This method is called by Change._compute_values().  The keys
+        in the returned dictionary are available to be used in any of
+        the templates.  The dictionary is created by calling
+        self.get_NAME() for each of the attributes named in
+        COMPUTED_KEYS and recording those that do not return None.
+        The return value is always a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            values = {}
+
+            for key in self.COMPUTED_KEYS:
+                value = getattr(self, 'get_%s' % (key,))()
+                if value is not None:
+                    values[key] = value
+
+            self._values = values
+
+        return self._values.copy()
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about refchange.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified ReferenceChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about annotated_tag_change.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified AnnotatedTagChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        return self.get_pusher_email()
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        """Return the recipients for messages about revision.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified Revision should be sent.  This method
+        could be overridden, for example, to take into account the
+        contents of the revision when deciding whom to notify about
+        it.  For example, there could be a scheme for users to express
+        interest in particular files or subdirectories, and only
+        receive notification emails for revisions that affecting those
+        files."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        return revision.author
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        """Filter the lines intended for an email body.
+
+        lines is an iterable over the lines that would go into the
+        email body.  Filter it (e.g., limit the number of lines, the
+        line length, character set, etc.), returning another iterable.
+        See FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin and MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin
+        for classes implementing this functionality."""
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets self.config to its constructor's config argument.
+
+    This class's constructor consumes the "config" argument.
+
+    Mixins that need to inspect the config should inherit from this
+    class (1) to make sure that "config" is still in the constructor
+    arguments with its own constructor runs and/or (2) to be sure that
+    self.config is set after construction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.config = config
+
+
+class ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """An Environment that reads most of its information from "git config"."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = config.get_bool(
+            'announceshortlog', default=self.announce_show_shortlog
+            )
+
+        self.refchange_showlog = config.get_bool(
+            'refchangeshowlog', default=self.refchange_showlog
+            )
+
+        maxcommitemails = config.get('maxcommitemails')
+        if maxcommitemails is not None:
+            try:
+                self.maxcommitemails = int(maxcommitemails)
+            except ValueError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Malformed value for multimailhook.maxCommitEmails: %s\n' % maxcommitemails
+                    + '*** Expected a number.  Ignoring.\n'
+                    )
+
+        diffopts = config.get('diffopts')
+        if diffopts is not None:
+            self.diffopts = shlex.split(diffopts)
+
+        logopts = config.get('logopts')
+        if logopts is not None:
+            self.logopts = shlex.split(logopts)
+
+        reply_to = config.get('replyTo')
+        self.__reply_to_refchange = config.get('replyToRefchange', default=reply_to)
+        if (
+            self.__reply_to_refchange is not None
+            and self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'author'
+            ):
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                '"author" is not an allowed setting for replyToRefchange'
+                )
+        self.__reply_to_commit = config.get('replyToCommit', default=reply_to)
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('administrator')
+            or self.get_sender()
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_administrator()
+            )
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('reponame')
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        emailprefix = self.config.get('emailprefix')
+        if emailprefix and emailprefix.strip():
+            return emailprefix.strip() + ' '
+        else:
+            return '[%s] ' % (self.get_repo_shortname(),)
+
+    def get_sender(self):
+        return self.config.get('envelopesender')
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self):
+        fromaddr = self.config.get('from')
+        if fromaddr:
+            return fromaddr
+        else:
+            config = Config('user')
+            fromname = config.get('name', default='')
+            fromemail = config.get('email', default='')
+            if fromemail:
+                return formataddr([fromname, fromemail])
+            else:
+                return self.get_sender()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        if self.__reply_to_refchange is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_refchange(refchange)
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_refchange
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        if self.__reply_to_commit is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_commit(revision)
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'author':
+            return revision.get_author()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_commit
+
+
+class FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length of body lines.
+
+        emailmaxlinelength (int or None)
+
+            The maximum length of any single line in the email body.
+            Longer lines are truncated at that length with ' [...]'
+            appended.
+
+        strict_utf8 (bool)
+
+            If this field is set to True, then the email body text is
+            expected to be UTF-8.  Any invalid characters are
+            converted to U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character
+            (encoded as UTF-8, of course).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, strict_utf8=True, emailmaxlinelength=500, **kw):
+        super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__strict_utf8 = strict_utf8
+        self.__emailmaxlinelength = emailmaxlinelength
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__strict_utf8:
+            lines = (line.decode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+            # Limit the line length in Unicode-space to avoid
+            # splitting characters:
+            if self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+                lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+            lines = (line.encode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+        elif self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+            lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        strict_utf8 = config.get_bool('emailstrictutf8', default=None)
+        if strict_utf8 is not None:
+            kw['strict_utf8'] = strict_utf8
+
+        emailmaxlinelength = config.get('emailmaxlinelength')
+        if emailmaxlinelength is not None:
+            kw['emailmaxlinelength'] = int(emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        super(ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+
+class MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Limit the email body to a specified number of lines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, emailmaxlines, **kw):
+        super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emailmaxlines = emailmaxlines
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__emailmaxlines:
+            lines = limit_lines(lines, self.__emailmaxlines)
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Limit the email body to the number of lines specified in config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        emailmaxlines = int(config.get('emailmaxlines', default='0'))
+        super(ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            emailmaxlines=emailmaxlines,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Deduce pusher_email from pusher by appending an emaildomain."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emaildomain = self.config.get('emaildomain')
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        if self.__emaildomain:
+            # Derive the pusher's full email address in the default way:
+            return '%s@%s' % (self.get_pusher(), self.__emaildomain)
+        else:
+            return super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).get_pusher_email()
+
+
+class StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Set recipients statically based on constructor parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        refchange_recipients, announce_recipients, revision_recipients,
+        **kw
+        ):
+        super(StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+
+        # The recipients for various types of notification emails, as
+        # RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas (or the empty
+        # string if no recipients are configured).  Although there is
+        # a mechanism to choose the recipient lists based on on the
+        # actual *contents* of the change being reported, we only
+        # choose based on the *type* of the change.  Therefore we can
+        # compute them once and for all:
+        self.__refchange_recipients = refchange_recipients
+        self.__announce_recipients = announce_recipients
+        self.__revision_recipients = revision_recipients
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        return self.__refchange_recipients
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        return self.__announce_recipients
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        return self.__revision_recipients
+
+
+class ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin
+    ):
+    """Determine recipients statically based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            refchange_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            announce_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'announcelist', 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            revision_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'commitlist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+    def _get_recipients(self, config, *names):
+        """Return the recipients for a particular type of message.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which a particular type
+        of notification email should be sent, by looking at the config
+        value for "multimailhook.$name" for each of names.  Use the
+        value from the first name that is configured.  The return
+        value is a (possibly empty) string containing RFC 2822 email
+        addresses separated by commas.  If no configuration could be
+        found, raise a ConfigurationException."""
+
+        for name in names:
+            retval = config.get_recipients(name)
+            if retval is not None:
+                return retval
+        if len(names) == 1:
+            hint = 'Please set "%s.%s"' % (config.section, name)
+        else:
+            hint = (
+                'Please set one of the following:\n    "%s"'
+                % ('"\n    "'.join('%s.%s' % (config.section, name) for name in names))
+                )
+
+        raise ConfigurationException(
+            'The list of recipients for %s is not configured.\n%s' % (names[0], hint)
+            )
+
+
+class ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Make a "projectdesc" value available for templates.
+
+    By default, it is set to the first line of $GIT_DIR/description
+    (if that file is present and appears to be set meaningfully)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['projectdesc']
+
+    def get_projectdesc(self):
+        """Return a one-line descripition of the project."""
+
+        git_dir = get_git_dir()
+        try:
+            projectdesc = open(os.path.join(git_dir, 'description')).readline().strip()
+            if projectdesc and not projectdesc.startswith('Unnamed repository'):
+                return projectdesc
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+
+        return 'UNNAMED PROJECT'
+
+
+class GenericEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class GenericEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        # The gitolite environment variable $GL_REPO is a pretty good
+        # repo_shortname (though it's probably not as good as a value
+        # the user might have explicitly put in his config).
+        return (
+            self.osenv.get('GL_REPO', None)
+            or super(GitoliteEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('GL_USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class Push(object):
+    """Represent an entire push (i.e., a group of ReferenceChanges).
+
+    It is easy to figure out what commits were added to a *branch* by
+    a Reference change:
+
+        git rev-list change.old..change.new
+
+    or removed from a *branch*:
+
+        git rev-list change.new..change.old
+
+    But it is not quite so trivial to determine which entirely new
+    commits were added to the *repository* by a push and which old
+    commits were discarded by a push.  A big part of the job of this
+    class is to figure out these things, and to make sure that new
+    commits are only detailed once even if they were added to multiple
+    references.
+
+    The first step is to determine the "other" references--those
+    unaffected by the current push.  They are computed by
+    Push._compute_other_ref_sha1s() by listing all references then
+    removing any affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository before this push were
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    Where "changeN.old" is the old value of one of the references
+    affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository after this push are
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits added by this push are the difference between these
+    two sets, which can be written
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.old ^change2.old ... \
+            change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits removed by this push can be computed by
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.new ^change2.new ... \
+            change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    The last point is that it is possible that other pushes are
+    occurring simultaneously to this one, so reference values can
+    change at any time.  It is impossible to eliminate all race
+    conditions, but we reduce the window of time during which problems
+    can occur by translating reference names to SHA1s as soon as
+    possible and working with SHA1s thereafter (because SHA1s are
+    immutable)."""
+
+    # A map {(changeclass, changetype) : integer} specifying the order
+    # that reference changes will be processed if multiple reference
+    # changes are included in a single push.  The order is significant
+    # mostly because new commit notifications are threaded together
+    # with the first reference change that includes the commit.  The
+    # following order thus causes commits to be grouped with branch
+    # changes (as opposed to tag changes) if possible.
+    SORT_ORDER = dict(
+        (value, i) for (i, value) in enumerate([
+            (BranchChange, 'update'),
+            (BranchChange, 'create'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (BranchChange, 'delete'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'update'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'create'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'delete'),
+            ])
+        )
+
+    def __init__(self, changes):
+        self.changes = sorted(changes, key=self._sort_key)
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by references unaffected
+        # by this push:
+        other_ref_sha1s = self._compute_other_ref_sha1s()
+
+        self._old_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.old.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.old.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+        self._new_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _sort_key(klass, change):
+        return (klass.SORT_ORDER[change.__class__, change.change_type], change.refname,)
+
+    def _compute_other_ref_sha1s(self):
+        """Return the GitObjects referred to by references unaffected by this push."""
+
+        # The refnames being changed by this push:
+        updated_refs = set(
+            change.refname
+            for change in self.changes
+            )
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by all references in this
+        # repository *except* updated_refs:
+        sha1s = set()
+        fmt = (
+            '%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname)\n'
+            '%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(refname)'
+            )
+        for line in read_git_lines(['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (fmt,)]):
+            (sha1, type, name) = line.split(' ', 2)
+            if sha1 and type == 'commit' and name not in updated_refs:
+                sha1s.add(sha1)
+
+        return sha1s
+
+    def _compute_rev_exclusion_spec(self, sha1s):
+        """Return an exclusion specification for 'git rev-list'.
+
+        git_objects is an iterable over GitObject instances.  Return a
+        string that can be passed to the standard input of 'git
+        rev-list --stdin' to exclude all of the commits referred to by
+        git_objects."""
+
+        return ''.join(
+            ['^%s\n' % (sha1,) for sha1 in sorted(sha1s)]
+            )
+
+    def get_new_commits(self, reference_change=None):
+        """Return a list of commits added by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were added
+        by the part of this push represented by reference_change.  If
+        reference_change is None, then return a list of *all* commits
+        added by this push."""
+
+        if not reference_change:
+            new_revs = sorted(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new
+                )
+        elif not reference_change.new.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            new_revs = [reference_change.new.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + new_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._old_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def get_discarded_commits(self, reference_change):
+        """Return a list of commits discarded by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were
+        entirely discarded from the repository by the part of this
+        push represented by reference_change."""
+
+        if not reference_change.old.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            old_revs = [reference_change.old.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + old_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._new_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def send_emails(self, mailer, body_filter=None):
+        """Use send all of the notification emails needed for this push.
+
+        Use send all of the notification emails (including reference
+        change emails and commit emails) needed for this push.  Send
+        the emails using mailer.  If body_filter is not None, then use
+        it to filter the lines that are intended for the email
+        body."""
+
+        # The sha1s of commits that were introduced by this push.
+        # They will be removed from this set as they are processed, to
+        # guarantee that one (and only one) email is generated for
+        # each new commit.
+        unhandled_sha1s = set(self.get_new_commits())
+        for change in self.changes:
+            # Check if we've got anyone to send to
+            if not change.recipients:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** no recipients configured so no email will be sent\n'
+                    '*** for %r update %s->%s\n'
+                    % (change.refname, change.old.sha1, change.new.sha1,)
+                    )
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write('Sending notification emails to: %s\n' % (change.recipients,))
+                mailer.send(change.generate_email(self, body_filter), change.recipients)
+
+            sha1s = []
+            for sha1 in reversed(list(self.get_new_commits(change))):
+                if sha1 in unhandled_sha1s:
+                    sha1s.append(sha1)
+                    unhandled_sha1s.remove(sha1)
+
+            max_emails = change.environment.maxcommitemails
+            if max_emails and len(sha1s) > max_emails:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Too many new commits (%d), not sending commit emails.\n' % len(sha1s)
+                    + '*** Try setting multimailhook.maxCommitEmails to a greater value\n'
+                    + '*** Currently, multimailhook.maxCommitEmails=%d\n' % max_emails
+                    )
+                return
+
+            for (num, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s):
+                rev = Revision(change, GitObject(sha1), num=num+1, tot=len(sha1s))
+                if rev.recipients:
+                    mailer.send(rev.generate_email(self, body_filter), rev.recipients)
+
+        # Consistency check:
+        if unhandled_sha1s:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'ERROR: No emails were sent for the following new commits:\n'
+                '    %s\n'
+                % ('\n    '.join(sorted(unhandled_sha1s)),)
+                )
+
+
+def run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer):
+    changes = []
+    for line in sys.stdin:
+        (oldrev, newrev, refname) = line.strip().split(' ', 2)
+        changes.append(
+            ReferenceChange.create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname)
+            )
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev):
+    changes = [
+        ReferenceChange.create(
+            environment,
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', oldrev]),
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', newrev]),
+            refname,
+            ),
+        ]
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def choose_mailer(config, environment):
+    mailer = config.get('mailer', default='sendmail')
+
+    if mailer == 'smtp':
+        smtpserver = config.get('smtpserver', default='localhost')
+        mailer = SMTPMailer(
+            envelopesender=(environment.get_sender() or environment.get_fromaddr()),
+            smtpserver=smtpserver,
+            )
+    elif mailer == 'sendmail':
+        command = config.get('sendmailcommand')
+        if command:
+            command = shlex.split(command)
+        mailer = SendMailer(command=command, envelopesender=environment.get_sender())
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            'fatal: multimailhook.mailer is set to an incorrect value: "%s"\n' % mailer
+            + 'please use one of "smtp" or "sendmail".\n'
+            )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return mailer
+
+
+KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS = {
+    'generic' : GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    'gitolite' : GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    }
+
+
+def choose_environment(config, osenv=None, env=None, recipients=None):
+    if not osenv:
+        osenv = os.environ
+
+    environment_mixins = [
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ]
+    environment_kw = {
+        'osenv' : osenv,
+        'config' : config,
+        }
+
+    if not env:
+        env = config.get('environment')
+
+    if not env:
+        if 'GL_USER' in osenv and 'GL_REPO' in osenv:
+            env = 'gitolite'
+        else:
+            env = 'generic'
+
+    environment_mixins.append(KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS[env])
+
+    if recipients:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+        environment_kw['refchange_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['announce_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['revision_recipients'] = recipients
+    else:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+
+    environment_klass = type(
+        'EffectiveEnvironment',
+        tuple(environment_mixins) + (Environment,),
+        {},
+        )
+    return environment_klass(**environment_kw)
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]\n   or: %prog [OPTIONS] REFNAME OLDREV NEWREV',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--environment', '--env', action='store', type='choice',
+        choices=['generic', 'gitolite'], default=None,
+        help=(
+            'Choose type of environment is in use.  Default is taken from '
+            'multimailhook.environment if set; otherwise "generic".'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--stdout', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help='Output emails to stdout rather than sending them.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--recipients', action='store', default=None,
+        help='Set list of email recipients for all types of emails.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--show-env', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Write to stderr the values determined for the environment '
+            '(intended for debugging purposes).'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    config = Config('multimailhook')
+
+    try:
+        environment = choose_environment(
+            config, osenv=os.environ,
+            env=options.environment,
+            recipients=options.recipients,
+            )
+
+        if options.show_env:
+            sys.stderr.write('Environment values:\n')
+            for (k,v) in sorted(environment.get_values().items()):
+                sys.stderr.write('    %s : %r\n' % (k,v))
+            sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+        if options.stdout:
+            mailer = OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+        else:
+            mailer = choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+        # Dual mode: if arguments were specified on the command line, run
+        # like an update hook; otherwise, run as a post-receive hook.
+        if args:
+            if len(args) != 3:
+                parser.error('Need zero or three non-option arguments')
+            (refname, oldrev, newrev) = args
+            run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev)
+        else:
+            run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
+    except ConfigurationException, e:
+        sys.exit(str(e))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..04eeaac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Migrate a post-receive-email configuration to be usable with git_multimail.py.
+
+See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for more information.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import optparse
+
+from git_multimail import CommandError
+from git_multimail import Config
+from git_multimail import read_output
+
+
+OLD_NAMES = [
+    'mailinglist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'showrev',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    ]
+
+NEW_NAMES = [
+    'environment',
+    'reponame',
+    'mailinglist',
+    'refchangelist',
+    'commitlist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'announceshortlog',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'administrator',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    'emaildomain',
+    ]
+
+
+INFO = """\
+
+SUCCESS!
+
+Your post-receive-email configuration has been converted to
+git-multimail format.  Please see README and
+README.migrate-from-post-receive-email to learn about other
+git-multimail configuration possibilities.
+
+For example, git-multimail has the following new options with no
+equivalent in post-receive-email.  You might want to read about them
+to see if they would be useful in your situation:
+
+"""
+
+
+def _check_old_config_exists(old):
+    """Check that at least one old configuration value is set."""
+
+    for name in OLD_NAMES:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _check_new_config_clear(new):
+    """Check that none of the new configuration names are set."""
+
+    retval = True
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if new.has_key(name):
+            if retval:
+                sys.stderr.write('INFO: The following configuration values already exist:\n\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name))
+            retval = False
+
+    return retval
+
+
+def erase_values(config, names):
+    for name in names:
+        if config.has_key(name):
+            try:
+                sys.stderr.write('...unsetting "%s.%s"\n' % (config.section, name))
+                config.unset_all(name)
+            except CommandError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '\nWARNING: could not unset "%s.%s".  '
+                    'Perhaps it is not set at the --local level?\n\n'
+                    % (config.section, name)
+                    )
+
+
+def is_section_empty(section, local):
+    """Return True iff the specified configuration section is empty.
+
+    Iff local is True, use the --local option when invoking 'git
+    config'."""
+
+    if local:
+        local_option = ['--local']
+    else:
+        local_option = []
+
+    try:
+        read_output(
+            ['git', 'config']
+            + local_option
+            + ['--get-regexp', '^%s\.' % (section,)]
+            )
+    except CommandError, e:
+        if e.retcode == 1:
+            # This means that no settings were found.
+            return True
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def remove_section_if_empty(section):
+    """If the specified configuration section is empty, delete it."""
+
+    try:
+        empty = is_section_empty(section, local=True)
+    except CommandError:
+        # Older versions of git do not support the --local option, so
+        # if the first attempt fails, try without --local.
+        try:
+            empty = is_section_empty(section, local=False)
+        except CommandError:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '\nINFO: If configuration section "%s.*" is empty, you might want '
+                'to delete it.\n\n'
+                % (section,)
+                )
+            return
+
+    if empty:
+        sys.stderr.write('...removing section "%s.*"\n' % (section,))
+        read_output(['git', 'config', '--remove-section', section])
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '\nINFO: Configuration section "%s.*" still has contents.  '
+            'It will not be deleted.\n\n'
+            % (section,)
+            )
+
+
+def migrate_config(strict=False, retain=False, overwrite=False):
+    old = Config('hooks')
+    new = Config('multimailhook')
+    if not _check_old_config_exists(old):
+        sys.exit(
+            'Your repository has no post-receive-email configuration.  '
+            'Nothing to do.'
+            )
+    if not _check_new_config_clear(new):
+        if overwrite:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: Erasing the above values...\n\n')
+            erase_values(new, NEW_NAMES)
+        else:
+            sys.exit(
+                '\nERROR: Refusing to overwrite existing values.  Use the --overwrite\n'
+                'option to continue anyway.'
+                )
+
+    name = 'showrev'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        msg = 'git-multimail does not support "%s.%s"' % (old.section, name,)
+        if strict:
+            sys.exit(
+                'ERROR: %s.\n'
+                'Please unset that value then try again, or run without --strict.'
+                % (msg,)
+                )
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: %s (ignoring).\n\n' % (msg,))
+
+    for name in ['mailinglist', 'announcelist']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set_recipients(name, old.get_recipients(name))
+
+    if strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.commitlist" to the empty string\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set_recipients('commitlist', '')
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.announceshortlog" to "true"\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set('announceshortlog', 'true')
+
+    for name in ['envelopesender', 'emailmaxlines', 'diffopts']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set(name, old.get(name))
+
+    name = 'emailprefix'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, old.get(name))
+    elif strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.%s" to "[SCM]" to preserve old subject lines\n'
+            % (new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, '[SCM]')
+
+    if not retain:
+        erase_values(old, OLD_NAMES)
+        remove_section_if_empty(old.section)
+
+    sys.stderr.write(INFO)
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if name not in OLD_NAMES:
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name,))
+    sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--strict', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Slavishly configure git-multimail as closely as possible to '
+            'the post-receive-email configuration.  Default is to turn '
+            'on some new features that have no equivalent in post-receive-email.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--retain', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Retain the post-receive-email configuration values.  '
+            'Default is to delete them after the new values are set.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--overwrite', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Overwrite any existing git-multimail configuration settings.  '
+            'Default is to abort if such settings already exist.'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if args:
+        parser.error('Unexpected arguments: %s' % (' '.join(args),))
+
+    migrate_config(strict=options.strict, retain=options.retain, overwrite=options.overwrite)
+
+
+main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93ebb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Example post-receive hook based on git-multimail.
+
+This script is a simple example of a post-receive hook implemented
+using git_multimail.py as a Python module.  It is intended to be
+customized before use; see the comments in the script to help you get
+started.
+
+It is possible to use git_multimail.py itself as a post-receive or
+update hook, configured via git config settings and/or command-line
+parameters.  But for more flexibility, it can also be imported as a
+Python module by a custom post-receive script as done here.  The
+latter has the following advantages:
+
+* The tool's behavior can be customized using arbitrary Python code,
+  without having to edit git_multimail.py.
+
+* Configuration settings can be read from other sources; for example,
+  user names and email addresses could be read from LDAP or from a
+  database.  Or the settings can even be hardcoded in the importing
+  Python script, if this is preferred.
+
+This script is a very basic example of how to use git_multimail.py as
+a module.  The comments below explain some of the points at which the
+script's behavior could be changed or customized.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+# If necessary, add the path to the directory containing
+# git_multimail.py to the Python path as follows.  (This is not
+# necessary if git_multimail.py is in the same directory as this
+# script):
+
+#LIBDIR = 'path/to/directory/containing/module'
+#sys.path.insert(0, LIBDIR)
+
+import git_multimail
+
+
+# It is possible to modify the output templates here; e.g.:
+
+#git_multimail.FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+#
+#-- \n\
+#This email was generated by the wonderful git-multimail tool.
+#"""
+
+
+# Specify which "git config" section contains the configuration for
+# git-multimail:
+config = git_multimail.Config('multimailhook')
+
+
+# Select the type of environment:
+environment = git_multimail.GenericEnvironment(config=config)
+#environment = git_multimail.GitoliteEnvironment(config=config)
+
+
+# Choose the method of sending emails based on the git config:
+mailer = git_multimail.choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+# Alternatively, you may hardcode the mailer using code like one of
+# the following:
+
+# Use "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t" to send emails.  The envelopesender
+# argument is optional:
+#mailer = git_multimail.SendMailer(
+#    command=['/usr/sbin/sendmail', '-t'],
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    )
+
+# Use Python's smtplib to send emails.  Both arguments are required.
+#mailer = git_multimail.SMTPMailer(
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    # The smtpserver argument can also include a port number; e.g.,
+#    #     smtpserver='mail.example.com:25'
+#    smtpserver='mail.example.com',
+#    )
+
+# OutputMailer is intended only for testing; it writes the emails to
+# the specified file stream.
+#mailer = git_multimail.OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+
+
+# Read changes from stdin and send notification emails:
+git_multimail.run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index b2171a0..8ee410f 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -2,10 +2,19 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
 #
-# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.  This hook
-# sends emails listing new revisions to the repository introduced by the
-# change being reported.  The rule is that (for branch updates) each commit
-# will appear on one email and one email only.
+# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.
+#
+# NOTE: This script is no longer under active development.  There
+# is another script, git-multimail, which is more capable and
+# configurable and is largely backwards-compatible with this script;
+# please see "contrib/hooks/multimail/".  For instructions on how to
+# migrate from post-receive-email to git-multimail, please see
+# "README.migrate-from-post-receive-email" in that directory.
+#
+# This hook sends emails listing new revisions to the repository
+# introduced by the change being reported.  The rule is that (for
+# branch updates) each commit will appear on one email and one email
+# only.
 #
 # This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory.  Your distribution
 # will have put this somewhere standard.  You should make this script
@@ -233,10 +242,14 @@
 	cat <<-EOF
 	To: $recipients
 	Subject: ${emailprefix}$projectdesc $refname_type $short_refname ${change_type}d. $describe
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 	X-Git-Refname: $refname
 	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
 	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
 	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+	Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
 
 	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
 	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
@@ -461,7 +474,7 @@
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -537,11 +550,11 @@
 		# performed on them
 		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
 			# Show changes since the previous release
-			git rev-list --pretty=short "$prevtag..$newrev" | git shortlog
+			git shortlog "$prevtag..$newrev"
 		else
 			# No previous tag, show all the changes since time
 			# began
-			git rev-list --pretty=short $newrev | git shortlog
+			git shortlog $newrev
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -561,7 +574,7 @@
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -607,7 +620,7 @@
 	echo ""
 	if [ "$newrev_type" = "commit" ]; then
 		echo $LOGBEGIN
-		git show --no-color --root -s --pretty=medium $newrev
+		git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=medium $newrev
 		echo $LOGEND
 	else
 		# What can we do here?  The tag marks an object that is not
@@ -626,7 +639,7 @@
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
index a577ad0..2770a1b 100644
--- a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 use File::Basename;
 
 my $usage =
-"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+"usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
 This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
 info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
 
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae545b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+git-remote-mediawiki
+git-mw
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a9955d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# These 3 rules demand to add the s, m and x flag to *every* regexp. This is
+# overkill and would be harmful for readability.
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireExtendedFormatting]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireDotMatchAnything]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireLineBoundaryMatching]
+
+# This rule says that builtin functions should not be called with parentheses
+# e.g.: (taken from CPAN's documentation)
+# open($handle, '>', $filename); #not ok
+# open $handle, '>', $filename;  #ok
+# Applying such a rule would mean modifying a huge number of lines for a
+# question of style.
+[-CodeLayout::ProhibitParensWithBuiltins]
+
+# This rule states that each system call should have its return value checked
+# The problem is that it includes the print call. Checking every print call's
+# return value would be harmful to the code readabilty.
+# This configuration keeps all default function but print.
+[InputOutput::RequireCheckedSyscalls]
+functions = open say close
+
+# This rules demands to add a dependancy for the Readonly module. This is not
+# wished.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitConstantPragma]
+
+# This rule is not really useful (rather a question of style) and produces many
+# warnings among the code.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitNoisyQuotes]
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d13c4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package Git::Mediawiki;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use Git;
+
+BEGIN {
+
+our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);
+
+# Totally unstable API.
+$VERSION = '0.01';
+
+require Exporter;
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+@EXPORT = ();
+
+# Methods which can be called as standalone functions as well:
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+				EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => '%2F';
+
+# Used to test for empty strings
+use constant EMPTY => q{};
+
+# HTTP codes
+use constant HTTP_CODE_OK => 200;
+use constant HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND => 404;
+
+sub clean_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}{/}g;
+	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
+	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
+	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
+	# an actual special character.
+	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
+	# If we use the uri escape before
+	# we should unescape here, before anything
+
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub smudge_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{/}{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}g;
+	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in clean_filename
+	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf('%c', hex($1))/ge;
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub connect_maybe {
+	my $wiki = shift;
+	if ($wiki) {
+		return $wiki;
+	}
+
+	my $remote_name = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($wiki_login, $wiki_password, $wiki_domain);
+
+	$wiki_login = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwLogin");
+	$wiki_password = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwPassword");
+	$wiki_domain = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwDomain");
+
+	$wiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
+	$wiki->{config}->{api_url} = "${remote_url}/api.php";
+	if ($wiki_login) {
+		my %credential = (
+			'url' => $remote_url,
+			'username' => $wiki_login,
+			'password' => $wiki_password
+		);
+		Git::credential(\%credential);
+		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
+			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
+			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
+		if ($wiki->login($request)) {
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'approve');
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Logged in mediawiki user "$credential{username}".\n);
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Failed to log in mediawiki user "$credential{username}" on ${remote_url}\n);
+			print {*STDERR} '  (error ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'reject');
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $wiki;
+}
+
+1; # Famous last words
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
index 3ed728b..f206f96 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
@@ -1,47 +1,52 @@
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2012
-#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
 #
-## Build git-remote-mediawiki
+# To build and test:
+#
+#   make
+#   bin-wrapper/git mw preview Some_page.mw
+#   bin-wrapper/git clone mediawiki::http://example.com/wiki/
+#
+# To install, run Git's toplevel 'make install' then run:
+#
+#   make install
 
--include ../../config.mak.autogen
--include ../../config.mak
+GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM=Git/Mediawiki.pm
+SCRIPT_PERL=git-remote-mediawiki.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL+=git-mw.perl
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../..
+HERE=contrib/mw-to-git/
 
-ifndef PERL_PATH
-	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
-endif
-ifndef gitexecdir
-	gitexecdir = $(shell git --exec-path)
-endif
+SCRIPT_PERL_FULL=$(patsubst %,$(HERE)/%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+INSTLIBDIR=$(shell $(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR)/perl \
+                -s --no-print-directory instlibdir)
 
-PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
-gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
-SCRIPT = git-remote-mediawiki
+all: build
 
-.PHONY: install help doc test clean
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t
 
-help:
-	@echo 'This is the help target of the Makefile. Current configuration:'
-	@echo '  gitexecdir = $(gitexecdir_SQ)'
-	@echo '  PERL_PATH = $(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
-	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) install" to install $(SCRIPT) in gitexecdir'
-	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) test" to run the testsuite'
+check: perlcritic test
 
-install:
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' $(SCRIPT) \
-		> '$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$(SCRIPT)'
-	chmod +x '$(gitexecdir)/$(SCRIPT)'
+install_pm:
+	install $(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM) $(INSTLIBDIR)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)
 
-doc:
-	@echo 'Sorry, "make doc" is not implemented yet for $(SCRIPT)'
+build:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                build-perl-script
 
-test:
-	$(MAKE) -C t/ test
+install: install_pm
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                install-perl-script
 
 clean:
-	$(RM) '$(gitexecdir)/$(SCRIPT)'
-	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                clean-perl-script
+	rm $(INSTLIBDIR)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)
+
+perlcritic:
+	perlcritic -5 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+	-perlcritic -2 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+
+.PHONY: all test check install_pm install clean perlcritic
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6663ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# git executable wrapper script for Git-Mediawiki to run tests without
+# installing all the scripts and perl packages.
+
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../../..
+GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd ${GIT_ROOT_DIR} && pwd)
+
+GITPERLLIB="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
+PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git:'"$PATH"
+
+export GITPERLLIB PATH
+
+exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/bin-wrappers/git" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..28df3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Benoit Person <benoit.person@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Celestin Matte <celestin.matte@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Set of tools for git repo with a mediawiki remote.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use URI::URL qw(url);
+use LWP::UserAgent;
+use HTML::TreeBuilder;
+
+use Git;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+# Global parameters
+my $verbose = 0;
+sub v_print {
+	if ($verbose) {
+		return print {*STDERR} @_;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Preview parameters
+my $file_name = EMPTY;
+my $remote_name = EMPTY;
+my $preview_file_name = EMPTY;
+my $autoload = 0;
+sub file {
+	$file_name = shift;
+	return $file_name;
+}
+
+my %commands = (
+	'help' =>
+		[\&help, {}, \&help],
+	'preview' =>
+		[\&preview, {
+			'<>' => \&file,
+			'output|o=s' => \$preview_file_name,
+			'remote|r=s' => \$remote_name,
+			'autoload|a' => \$autoload
+		}, \&preview_help]
+);
+
+# Search for sub-command
+my $cmd = $commands{'help'};
+for (0..@ARGV-1) {
+	if (defined $commands{$ARGV[$_]}) {
+		$cmd = $commands{$ARGV[$_]};
+		splice @ARGV, $_, 1;
+		last;
+	}
+};
+GetOptions( %{$cmd->[1]},
+	'help|h' => \&{$cmd->[2]},
+	'verbose|v'  => \$verbose);
+
+# Launch command
+&{$cmd->[0]};
+
+############################# Preview Functions ################################
+
+sub preview_help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+USAGE: git mw preview [--remote|-r <remote name>] [--autoload|-a]
+                      [--output|-o <output filename>] [--verbose|-v]
+                      <blob> | <filename>
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+Preview is an utiliy to preview local content of a mediawiki repo as if it was
+pushed on the remote.
+
+For that, preview searches for the remote name of the current branch's
+upstream if --remote is not set. If that remote is not found or if it
+is not a mediawiki, it lists all mediawiki remotes configured and asks
+you to replay your command with the --remote option set properly.
+
+Then, it searches for a file named 'filename'. If it's not found in
+the current dir, it will assume it's a blob.
+
+The content retrieved in the file (or in the blob) will then be parsed
+by the remote mediawiki and combined with a template retrieved from
+the mediawiki.
+
+Finally, preview will save the HTML result in a file. and autoload it
+in your default web browser if the option --autoload is present.
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -r <remote name>, --remote <remote name>
+        If the remote is a mediawiki, the template and the parse engine
+        used for the preview will be those of that remote.
+        If not, a list of valid remotes will be shown.
+
+    -a, --autoload
+        Try to load the HTML output in a new tab (or new window) of your
+        default web browser.
+
+    -o <output filename>, --output <output filename>
+        Change the HTML output filename. Default filename is based on the
+        input filename with its extension replaced by '.html'.
+
+    -v, --verbose
+        Show more information on what's going on under the hood.
+END
+	exit;
+}
+
+sub preview {
+	my $wiki;
+	my ($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+	my ($new_content, $template);
+	my $file_content;
+
+	if ($file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		die "Missing file argument, see `git mw help`\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Selecting remote\n");
+	if ($remote_name eq EMPTY) {
+		$remote_name = find_upstream_remote_name();
+		if ($remote_name) {
+			$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		}
+
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			my @valid_remotes = find_mediawiki_remotes();
+
+			if ($#valid_remotes == 0) {
+				print {*STDERR} "No mediawiki remote in this repo. \n";
+				exit 1;
+			} else {
+				my $remotes_list = join("\n\t", @valid_remotes);
+				print {*STDERR} <<"MESSAGE";
+There are multiple mediawiki remotes, which of:
+	${remotes_list}
+do you want ? Use the -r option to specify the remote.
+MESSAGE
+			}
+
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!is_valid_remote($remote_name)) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a remote\n";
+		}
+
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a mediawiki remote\n";
+		}
+	}
+	v_print("selected remote:\n\tname: ${remote_name}\n\turl: ${remote_url}\n");
+
+	$wiki = connect_maybe($wiki, $remote_name, $remote_url);
+
+	# Read file content
+	if (! -e $file_name) {
+		$file_content = git_cmd_try {
+			Git::command('cat-file', 'blob', $file_name); }
+			"%s failed w/ code %d";
+
+		if ($file_name =~ /(.+):(.+)/) {
+			$file_name = $2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		open my $read_fh, "<", $file_name
+			or die "could not open ${file_name}: $!\n";
+		$file_content = do { local $/ = undef; <$read_fh> };
+		close $read_fh
+			or die "unable to close: $!\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Retrieving template\n");
+	($wiki_page_name = clean_filename($file_name)) =~ s/\.[^.]+$//;
+	$template = get_template($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+
+	v_print("### Parsing local content\n");
+	$new_content = $wiki->api({
+		action => 'parse',
+		text => $file_content,
+		title => $wiki_page_name
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	}) or die "No response from remote mediawiki\n";
+	$new_content = $new_content->{'parse'}->{'text'}->{'*'};
+
+	v_print("### Merging contents\n");
+	if ($preview_file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		($preview_file_name = $file_name) =~ s/\.[^.]+$/.html/;
+	}
+	open(my $save_fh, '>:encoding(UTF-8)', $preview_file_name)
+		or die "Could not open: $!\n";
+	print {$save_fh} merge_contents($template, $new_content, $remote_url);
+	close($save_fh)
+		or die "Could not close: $!\n";
+
+	v_print("### Results\n");
+	if ($autoload) {
+		v_print("Launching browser w/ file: ${preview_file_name}");
+		system('git', 'web--browse', $preview_file_name);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Preview file saved as: ${preview_file_name}\n";
+	}
+
+	exit;
+}
+
+# uses global scope variable: $remote_name
+sub merge_contents {
+	my $template = shift;
+	my $content = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($content_tree, $html_tree, $mw_content_text);
+	my $template_content_id = 'bodyContent';
+
+	$html_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$html_tree->parse($template);
+
+	$content_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$content_tree->parse($content);
+
+	$template_content_id = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent")
+		|| $template_content_id;
+	v_print("Using '${template_content_id}' as the content ID\n");
+
+	$mw_content_text = $html_tree->look_down('id', $template_content_id);
+	if (!defined $mw_content_text) {
+		print {*STDERR} <<"CONFIG";
+Could not combine the new content with the template. You might want to
+configure `mediawiki.IDContent` in your config:
+	git config --add remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent <id>
+and re-run the command afterward.
+CONFIG
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	$mw_content_text->delete_content();
+	$mw_content_text->push_content($content_tree);
+
+	make_links_absolute($html_tree, $remote_url);
+
+	return $html_tree->as_HTML;
+}
+
+sub make_links_absolute {
+	my $html_tree = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	for (@{ $html_tree->extract_links() }) {
+		my ($link, $element, $attr) = @{ $_ };
+		my $url = url($link)->canonical;
+		if ($url !~ /#/) {
+			$element->attr($attr, URI->new_abs($url, $remote_url));
+		}
+	}
+	return $html_tree;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_remote {
+	my $remote = shift;
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $found_remote = 0;
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		if ($remote eq $remote) {
+			$found_remote = 1;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	return $found_remote;
+}
+
+sub find_mediawiki_remotes {
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote'); }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $remote_url;
+	my @valid_remotes = ();
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote);
+		if ($remote_url) {
+			push(@valid_remotes, $remote);
+		}
+	}
+	return @valid_remotes;
+}
+
+sub find_upstream_remote_name {
+	my $current_branch = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command_oneline('symbolic-ref', '--short', 'HEAD') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	return Git::config("branch.${current_branch}.remote");
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_remote_url_maybe {
+	my $remote = shift;
+
+	# Find remote url
+	my $remote_url = Git::config("remote.${remote}.url");
+	if ($remote_url =~ s/mediawiki::(.*)/$1/) {
+		return url($remote_url)->canonical;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_template {
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $page_name = shift;
+	my ($req, $res, $code, $url_after);
+
+	$req = LWP::UserAgent->new;
+	if ($verbose) {
+		$req->show_progress(1);
+	}
+
+	$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php?title=${page_name}");
+	if (!$res->is_success) {
+		$code = $res->code;
+		$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+		if ($code == HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND) {
+			if ($verbose) {
+				print {*STDERR} <<"WARNING";
+Warning: Failed to retrieve '$page_name'. Create it on the mediawiki if you want
+all the links to work properly.
+Trying to use the mediawiki homepage as a fallback template ...
+WARNING
+			}
+
+			# LWP automatically redirects GET request
+			$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php");
+			if (!$res->is_success) {
+				$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+				die "Failed to get homepage @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			die "Failed to get '${page_name}' @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $res->decoded_content;
+}
+
+############################## Help Functions ##################################
+
+sub help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+usage: git mw <command> <args>
+
+git mw commands are:
+    help        Display help information about git mw
+    preview     Parse and render local file into HTML
+END
+	exit;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
similarity index 62%
rename from contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
rename to contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
index 094129d..3f8d993 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
@@ -13,22 +13,20 @@
 
 use strict;
 use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK);
 use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
-
-# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
-binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
-binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
-
-use URI::Escape;
-use IPC::Open2;
-
 use warnings;
 
-# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
-use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+use URI::Escape;
 
 # It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
-# priviledges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
+# privileges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
 use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
 
 # It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
@@ -36,45 +34,57 @@
 use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
 
 # used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
-use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+use constant NULL_SHA1 => '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
 
 # Used on Git's side to reflect empty edit messages on the wiki
 use constant EMPTY_MESSAGE => '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
 
+# Number of pages taken into account at once in submodule get_mw_page_list
+use constant SLICE_SIZE => 50;
+
+# Number of linked mediafile to get at once in get_linked_mediafiles
+# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
+# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
+use constant BATCH_SIZE => 10;
+
+if (@ARGV != 2) {
+	exit_error_usage();
+}
+
 my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
 my $url = $ARGV[1];
 
 # Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
 # Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
-my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
+my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.pages"));
 chomp(@tracked_pages);
 
 # Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
-my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
+my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.categories"));
 chomp(@tracked_categories);
 
 # Import media files on pull
-my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaimport");
+my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaimport");
 chomp($import_media);
-$import_media = ($import_media eq "true");
+$import_media = ($import_media eq 'true');
 
 # Export media files on push
-my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".mediaexport");
+my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaexport");
 chomp($export_media);
-$export_media = !($export_media eq "false");
+$export_media = !($export_media eq 'false');
 
-my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
+my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwLogin");
 # Note: mwPassword is discourraged. Use the credential system instead.
-my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
-my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
+my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwPassword");
+my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwDomain");
 chomp($wiki_login);
 chomp($wiki_passwd);
 chomp($wiki_domain);
 
 # Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
-my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
+my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.shallow");
 chomp($shallow_import);
-$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
+$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq 'true');
 
 # Fetch (clone and pull) by revisions instead of by pages. This behavior
 # is more efficient when we have a wiki with lots of pages and we fetch
@@ -82,15 +92,18 @@
 # Possible values:
 # - by_rev: perform one query per new revision on the remote wiki
 # - by_page: query each tracked page for new revision
-my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy");
-unless ($fetch_strategy) {
-	$fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy");
+my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy");
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = run_git('config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy');
 }
 chomp($fetch_strategy);
-unless ($fetch_strategy) {
-	$fetch_strategy = "by_page";
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = 'by_page';
 }
 
+# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
+my %basetimestamps;
+
 # Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
 #
 # Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
@@ -105,48 +118,25 @@
 # will get the history with information lost). If the import is
 # deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
 # MediaWiki revision.
-my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
-unless ($dumb_push) {
-	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
+my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.dumbPush");
+if (!$dumb_push) {
+	$dumb_push = run_git('config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush');
 }
 chomp($dumb_push);
-$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
+$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq 'true');
 
 my $wiki_name = $url;
-$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
+$wiki_name =~ s{[^/]*://}{};
 # If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
 # want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
 # and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
 $wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
 
 # Commands parser
-my $entry;
-my @cmd;
 while (<STDIN>) {
 	chomp;
-	@cmd = split(/ /);
-	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
-		# Line not blank
-		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
-			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
-			mw_capabilities();
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
-			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_list($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
-			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_import($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
-			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
-			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
-			mw_push($cmd[1]);
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
-			last;
-		}
-	} else {
-		# blank line: we should terminate
+
+	if (!parse_command($_)) {
 		last;
 	}
 
@@ -156,107 +146,91 @@
 
 ########################## Functions ##############################
 
-## credential API management (generic functions)
-
-sub credential_read {
-	my %credential;
-	my $reader = shift;
-	my $op = shift;
-	while (<$reader>) {
-		my ($key, $value) = /([^=]*)=(.*)/;
-		if (not defined $key) {
-			die "ERROR receiving response from git credential $op:\n$_\n";
-		}
-		$credential{$key} = $value;
-	}
-	return %credential;
+## error handling
+sub exit_error_usage {
+	die "ERROR: git-remote-mediawiki module was not called with a correct number of\n" .
+	    "parameters\n" .
+	    "You may obtain this error because you attempted to run the git-remote-mediawiki\n" .
+            "module directly.\n" .
+	    "This module can be used the following way:\n" .
+	    "\tgit clone mediawiki://<address of a mediawiki>\n" .
+	    "Then, use git commit, push and pull as with every normal git repository.\n";
 }
 
-sub credential_write {
-	my $credential = shift;
-	my $writer = shift;
-	# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
-	print $writer "url=$credential->{url}\n" if exists $credential->{url};
-	while (my ($key, $value) = each(%$credential) ) {
-		if (length $value && $key ne 'url') {
-			print $writer "$key=$value\n";
-		}
+sub parse_command {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+	my @cmd = split(/ /, $line);
+	if (!defined $cmd[0]) {
+		return 0;
 	}
-}
-
-sub credential_run {
-	my $op = shift;
-	my $credential = shift;
-	my $pid = open2(my $reader, my $writer, "git credential $op");
-	credential_write($credential, $writer);
-	print $writer "\n";
-	close($writer);
-
-	if ($op eq "fill") {
-		%$credential = credential_read($reader, $op);
+	if ($cmd[0] eq 'capabilities') {
+		die("Too many arguments for capabilities\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[1]));
+		mw_capabilities();
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'list') {
+		die("Too many arguments for list\n") if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_list($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'import') {
+		die("Invalid argument for import\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for import\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_import($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'option') {
+		die("Invalid arguments for option\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY || $cmd[2] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for option\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[3]));
+		mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'push') {
+		mw_push($cmd[1]);
 	} else {
-		if (<$reader>) {
-			die "ERROR while running git credential $op:\n$_";
-		}
+		print {*STDERR} "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
+		return 0;
 	}
-	close($reader);
-	waitpid($pid, 0);
-	my $child_exit_status = $? >> 8;
-	if ($child_exit_status != 0) {
-		die "'git credential $op' failed with code $child_exit_status.";
-	}
+	return 1;
 }
 
 # MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
 my $mediawiki;
 
-sub mw_connect_maybe {
-	if ($mediawiki) {
-		return;
+sub fatal_mw_error {
+	my $action = shift;
+	print STDERR "fatal: could not $action.\n";
+	print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+	if ($url =~ /^https/) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: and the SSL certificate is correct.\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
 	}
-	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
-	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
-	if ($wiki_login) {
-		my %credential = (url => $url);
-		$credential{username} = $wiki_login;
-		$credential{password} = $wiki_passwd;
-		credential_run("fill", \%credential);
-		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
-			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
-			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
-		if ($mediawiki->login($request)) {
-			credential_run("approve", \%credential);
-			print STDERR "Logged in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\".\n";
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$credential{username}\" on $url\n";
-			print STDERR "  (error " .
-				$mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
-				$mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
-			credential_run("reject", \%credential);
-			exit 1;
-		}
-	}
+	print STDERR "fatal: (error " .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+	exit 1;
 }
 
 ## Functions for listing pages on the remote wiki
 sub get_mw_tracked_pages {
 	my $pages = shift;
 	get_mw_page_list(\@tracked_pages, $pages);
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_page_list {
 	my $page_list = shift;
 	my $pages = shift;
-	my @some_pages = @$page_list;
+	my @some_pages = @{$page_list};
 	while (@some_pages) {
-		my $last = 50;
-		if ($#some_pages < $last) {
-			$last = $#some_pages;
+		my $last_page = SLICE_SIZE;
+		if ($#some_pages < $last_page) {
+			$last_page = $#some_pages;
 		}
-		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
+		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last_page];
 		get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, $pages);
-		@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
+		@some_pages = @some_pages[(SLICE_SIZE + 1)..$#some_pages];
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
@@ -266,7 +240,7 @@
 			# Mediawiki requires the Category
 			# prefix, but let's not force the user
 			# to specify it.
-			$category = "Category:" . $category;
+			$category = "Category:${category}";
 		}
 		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
 			action => 'query',
@@ -274,11 +248,12 @@
 			cmtitle => $category,
 			cmlimit => 'max' } )
 			|| die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': '
-				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_all_pages {
@@ -290,14 +265,12 @@
 		aplimit => 'max'
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
+		fatal_mw_error("get the list of wiki pages");
 	}
 	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 # queries the wiki for a set of pages. Meant to be used within a loop
@@ -316,25 +289,23 @@
 		titles => $titles,
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
+		fatal_mw_error("query the list of wiki pages");
 	}
 	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
 		if ($id < 0) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
 		} else {
 			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 # Get the list of pages to be fetched according to configuration.
 sub get_mw_pages {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
-	print STDERR "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
 
 	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
 	my $user_defined;
@@ -352,14 +323,14 @@
 		get_mw_all_pages(\%pages);
 	}
 	if ($import_media) {
-		print STDERR "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
 		if ($user_defined) {
 			get_linked_mediafiles(\%pages);
 		} else {
 			get_all_mediafiles(\%pages);
 		}
 	}
-	print STDERR (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
+	print {*STDERR} (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
 	return %pages;
 }
 
@@ -367,9 +338,13 @@
 #        $out = run_git("command args", "raw"); # don't interpret output as UTF-8.
 sub run_git {
 	my $args = shift;
-	my $encoding = (shift || "encoding(UTF-8)");
-	open(my $git, "-|:$encoding", "git " . $args);
-	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
+	my $encoding = (shift || 'encoding(UTF-8)');
+	open(my $git, "-|:${encoding}", "git ${args}")
+	    or die "Unable to fork: $!\n";
+	my $res = do {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		<$git>
+	};
 	close($git);
 
 	return $res;
@@ -384,27 +359,26 @@
 	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
 		action => 'query',
 		list => 'allpages',
-		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
 		aplimit => 'max'
 	});
 	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
 		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_linked_mediafiles {
 	my $pages = shift;
-	my @titles = map $_->{title}, values(%{$pages});
+	my @titles = map { $_->{title} } values(%{$pages});
 
-	# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
-	# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
-	my $batch = 10;
+	my $batch = BATCH_SIZE;
 	while (@titles) {
 		if ($#titles < $batch) {
 			$batch = $#titles;
@@ -420,7 +394,7 @@
 			action => 'query',
 			prop => 'links|images',
 			titles => $mw_titles,
-			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id("File"),
+			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
 			pllimit => 'max'
 		};
 		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
@@ -428,11 +402,13 @@
 		while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$result->{query}->{pages}})) {
 			my @media_titles;
 			if (defined($page->{links})) {
-				my @link_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{links}};
+				my @link_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{links}};
 				push(@media_titles, @link_titles);
 			}
 			if (defined($page->{images})) {
-				my @image_titles = map $_->{title}, @{$page->{images}};
+				my @image_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{images}};
 				push(@media_titles, @image_titles);
 			}
 			if (@media_titles) {
@@ -442,6 +418,7 @@
 
 		@titles = @titles[($batch+1)..$#titles];
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
@@ -455,7 +432,7 @@
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
 		prop => 'imageinfo',
-		titles => "File:" . $filename,
+		titles => "File:${filename}",
 		iistart => $timestamp,
 		iiend => $timestamp,
 		iiprop => 'timestamp|archivename|url',
@@ -473,53 +450,50 @@
 		$mediafile{timestamp} = $fileinfo->{timestamp};
 		# Mediawiki::API's download function doesn't support https URLs
 		# and can't download old versions of files.
-		print STDERR "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
 		$mediafile{content} = download_mw_mediafile($fileinfo->{url});
 	}
 	return %mediafile;
 }
 
 sub download_mw_mediafile {
-	my $url = shift;
+	my $download_url = shift;
 
-	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($url);
-	if ($response->code == 200) {
+	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($download_url);
+	if ($response->code == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
 		return $response->decoded_content;
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
-		print STDERR "URL: $url\n";
-		print STDERR "Server response: " . $response->code . " " . $response->message . "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "URL: ${download_url}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} 'Server response: ' . $response->code . q{ } . $response->message . "\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 }
 
 sub get_last_local_revision {
 	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
-	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
 	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
 
 	my $lastrevision_number;
-	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
-		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
+	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq 'mediawiki_revision:')) {
+		print {*STDERR} 'No previous mediawiki revision found';
 		$lastrevision_number = 0;
 	} else {
 		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
 		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
 		chomp($lastrevision_number);
-		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
+		print {*STDERR} "Last local mediawiki revision found is ${lastrevision_number}";
 	}
 	return $lastrevision_number;
 }
 
-# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
-my %basetimestamps;
-
 # Get the last remote revision without taking in account which pages are
 # tracked or not. This function makes a single request to the wiki thus
 # avoid a loop onto all tracked pages. This is useful for the fetch-by-rev
 # option.
 sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
@@ -535,14 +509,14 @@
 # Get the last remote revision concerning the tracked pages and the tracked
 # categories.
 sub get_last_remote_revision {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
 	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
 
 	my $max_rev_num = 0;
 
-	print STDERR "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
 
 	foreach my $page (@pages) {
 		my $id = $page->{pageid};
@@ -563,7 +537,7 @@
 		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
 	}
 
-	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
 	return $max_rev_num;
 }
 
@@ -574,7 +548,7 @@
 	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
 	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
 	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
-	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
+	if ($string eq EMPTY && $page_created) {
 		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
 		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
 	}
@@ -585,38 +559,16 @@
 sub mediawiki_smudge {
 	my $string = shift;
 	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
-		$string = "";
+		$string = EMPTY;
 	}
 	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
-	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
-	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
-	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
-	# an actual special character.
-	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
-	# If we use the uri escape before
-	# we should unescape here, before anything
-
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
-	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
-	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
-	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
-	return $filename;
+	return "${string}\n";
 }
 
 sub literal_data {
 	my ($content) = @_;
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub literal_data_raw {
@@ -624,33 +576,40 @@
 	my ($content) = @_;
 	# Avoid confusion between size in bytes and in characters
 	utf8::downgrade($content);
-	binmode STDOUT, ":raw";
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
-	binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_capabilities {
 	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
 	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
 	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
-	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
-	print STDOUT "import\n";
-	print STDOUT "list\n";
-	print STDOUT "push\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/*\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "import\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "list\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "push\n";
+	if ($dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "no-private-update\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_list {
 	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
 	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
-	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "? refs/heads/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_option {
-	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
-	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "unsupported\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
@@ -666,6 +625,9 @@
 		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
 		rvlimit => 500,
 		pageids => $id,
+
+		# Let MediaWiki know that we support the latest API.
+		continue => '',
 	};
 
 	my $revnum = 0;
@@ -681,15 +643,22 @@
 			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
 			$revnum++;
 		}
-		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
-		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+
+		if ($result->{'query-continue'}) { # For legacy APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+		} elsif ($result->{continue}) { # For newer APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{continue}->{rvcontinue};
+			$query->{continue} = $result->{continue}->{continue};
+		} else {
+			last;
+		}
 	}
 	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
-		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
 		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
 		return $page_revs[0];
 	}
-	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "  Found ${revnum} revision(s).\n";
 	return @page_revs;
 }
 
@@ -701,8 +670,7 @@
 	my $n = 1;
 	foreach my $page (@pages) {
 		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "page ${n}/", scalar(@pages), ': ', $page->{title}, "\n";
 		$n++;
 		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
 		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
@@ -716,7 +684,7 @@
     $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
     $path =~ s/"/\\"/g;
     $path =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
-    return '"' . $path . '"';
+    return qq("${path}");
 }
 
 sub import_file_revision {
@@ -736,42 +704,43 @@
 	my $author = $commit{author};
 	my $date = $commit{date};
 
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "mark :${n}\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
 	literal_data($comment);
 
 	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
 	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master^0\n";
 	}
 	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
-		print STDOUT "M 644 inline " .
-		    fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline ' .
+		    fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
 		literal_data($content);
 		if (%mediafile) {
-			print STDOUT "M 644 inline "
+			print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline '
 			    . fe_escape_path($mediafile{title}) . "\n";
 			literal_data_raw($mediafile{content});
 		}
-		print STDOUT "\n\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
 	} else {
-		print STDOUT "D " . fe_escape_path($title . ".mw") . "\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} 'D ' . fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
 	}
 
 	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
 	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "reset refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data('Note added by git-mediawiki during import');
 	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki^0\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
-	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
-	print STDOUT "\n\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "N inline :${n}\n";
+	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: $commit{mw_revision}");
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 # parse a sequence of
@@ -784,23 +753,25 @@
 	my @refs;
 	while (1) {
 		my $line = <STDIN>;
-		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
+		if ($line =~ /^$cmd (.*)$/) {
 			push(@refs, $1);
 		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
 			return @refs;
 		} else {
-			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
+			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: $_\n");
 		}
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import {
 	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
-	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
+	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs('import'));
 	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
 		mw_import_ref($ref);
 	}
-	print STDOUT "done\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "done\n";
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import_ref {
@@ -810,40 +781,41 @@
 	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
 	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
 	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
-	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
+	if ($ref eq 'HEAD') {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
-	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
+	print {*STDERR} "Searching revisions...\n";
 	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
 	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
 	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from beginning.\n";
 	} else {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from here.\n";
 	}
 
 	my $n = 0;
-	if ($fetch_strategy eq "by_rev") {
-		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
+	if ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_rev') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
 		$n = mw_import_ref_by_revs($fetch_from);
-	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq "by_page") {
-		print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
+	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_page') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
 		$n = mw_import_ref_by_pages($fetch_from);
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "fatal: invalid fetch strategy \"$fetch_strategy\".\n";
-		print STDERR "Check your configuration variables remote.$remotename.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
+		print {*STDERR} qq(fatal: invalid fetch strategy "${fetch_strategy}".\n);
+		print {*STDERR} "Check your configuration variables remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
 		exit 1;
 	}
 
 	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
-		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
 		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
-		# thrown saying that HEAD is refering to unknown object 0000000000000000000
+		# thrown saying that HEAD is referring to unknown object 0000000000000000000
 		# and the clone fails.
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
@@ -855,7 +827,7 @@
 	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
 
 	@revisions = sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions;
-	my @revision_ids = map $_->{revid}, @revisions;
+	my @revision_ids = map { $_->{revid} } @revisions;
 
 	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
 }
@@ -882,7 +854,7 @@
 	my $n_actual = 0;
 	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
 
-	foreach my $pagerevid (@$revision_ids) {
+	foreach my $pagerevid (@{$revision_ids}) {
 	        # Count page even if we skip it, since we display
 		# $n/$total and $total includes skipped pages.
 		$n++;
@@ -898,7 +870,7 @@
 		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
 
 		if (!$result) {
-			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid";
+			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid\n";
 		}
 
 		if (defined($result->{query}->{badrevids}->{$pagerevid})) {
@@ -907,7 +879,7 @@
 		}
 
 		if (!defined($result->{query}->{pages})) {
-			die "Invalid revision $pagerevid.";
+			die "Invalid revision ${pagerevid}.\n";
 		}
 
 		my @result_pages = values(%{$result->{query}->{pages}});
@@ -917,8 +889,8 @@
 		my $page_title = $result_page->{title};
 
 		if (!exists($pages->{$page_title})) {
-			print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids),
-				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of $page_title\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}),
+				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of ${page_title}\n";
 			next;
 		}
 
@@ -927,7 +899,7 @@
 		my %commit;
 		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
 		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || EMPTY_MESSAGE;
-		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename($page_title);
+		$commit{title} = smudge_filename($page_title);
 		$commit{mw_revision} = $rev->{revid};
 		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
 
@@ -943,14 +915,14 @@
 		my %mediafile;
 		if ($namespace) {
 			my $id = get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
-			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id("File")) {
+			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id('File')) {
 				%mediafile = get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision($filename, $rev->{timestamp});
 			}
 		}
 		# If this is a revision of the media page for new version
 		# of a file do one common commit for both file and media page.
 		# Else do commit only for that page.
-		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@$revision_ids), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
 		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n_actual, \%mediafile);
 	}
 
@@ -958,17 +930,17 @@
 }
 
 sub error_non_fast_forward {
-	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
+	my $advice = run_git('config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward');
 	chomp($advice);
-	if ($advice ne "false") {
+	if ($advice ne 'false') {
 		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
 		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
 		# ourselves before.
-		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
-		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
-		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
 	}
-	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} qq(error $_[0] "non-fast-forward"\n);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -979,34 +951,34 @@
 	my $file_deleted = shift;
 	my $summary = shift;
 	my $newrevid;
-	my $path = "File:" . $complete_file_name;
+	my $path = "File:${complete_file_name}";
 	my %hashFiles = get_allowed_file_extensions();
 	if (!exists($hashFiles{$extension})) {
-		print STDERR "$complete_file_name is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "${complete_file_name} is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
 		return $newrevid;
 	}
 	# Deleting and uploading a file requires a priviledged user
 	if ($file_deleted) {
-		mw_connect_maybe();
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 		my $query = {
 			action => 'delete',
 			title => $path,
 			reason => $summary
 		};
 		if (!$mediawiki->edit($query)) {
-			print STDERR "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
-			print STDERR "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
-			print STDERR $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			print {*STDERR} "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
+			print {*STDERR} $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
 			exit 1;
 		}
 	} else {
 		# Don't let perl try to interpret file content as UTF-8 => use "raw"
-		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1", "raw");
-		if ($content ne "") {
-			mw_connect_maybe();
+		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}", 'raw');
+		if ($content ne EMPTY) {
+			$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 			$mediawiki->{config}->{upload_url} =
-				"$url/index.php/Special:Upload";
+				"${url}/index.php/Special:Upload";
 			$mediawiki->edit({
 				action => 'upload',
 				filename => $complete_file_name,
@@ -1018,12 +990,12 @@
 			}, {
 				skip_encoding => 1
 			} ) || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':'
-				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 			my $last_file_page = $mediawiki->get_page({title => $path});
 			$newrevid = $last_file_page->{revid};
-			print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $complete_file_name.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${complete_file_name}.\n";
 		} else {
-			print STDERR "Empty file $complete_file_name not pushed.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Empty file ${complete_file_name} not pushed.\n";
 		}
 	}
 	return $newrevid;
@@ -1045,37 +1017,37 @@
 	my $newrevid;
 
 	if ($summary eq EMPTY_MESSAGE) {
-		$summary = '';
+		$summary = EMPTY;
 	}
 
 	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
 	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
 	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
 	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
+	$complete_file_name = clean_filename($complete_file_name);
 
 	my ($title, $extension) = $complete_file_name =~ /^(.*)\.([^\.]*)$/;
 	if (!defined($extension)) {
-		$extension = "";
+		$extension = EMPTY;
 	}
-	if ($extension eq "mw") {
+	if ($extension eq 'mw') {
 		my $ns = get_mw_namespace_id_for_page($complete_file_name);
-		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id("File") && (!$export_media)) {
-			print STDERR "Ignoring media file related page: $complete_file_name\n";
-			return ($oldrevid, "ok");
+		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id('File') && (!$export_media)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file related page: ${complete_file_name}\n";
+			return ($oldrevid, 'ok');
 		}
 		my $file_content;
 		if ($page_deleted) {
 			# Deleting a page usually requires
-			# special priviledges. A common
+			# special privileges. A common
 			# convention is to replace the page
 			# with this content instead:
 			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
 		} else {
-			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
+			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}");
 		}
 
-		mw_connect_maybe();
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
 			action => 'edit',
@@ -1089,49 +1061,49 @@
 		if (!$result) {
 			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
 				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
-				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
+				print {*STDERR} 'Warning: Error ' .
 				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
 				    ".\n";
-				return ($oldrevid, "non-fast-forward");
+				return ($oldrevid, 'non-fast-forward');
 			} else {
 				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
 				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
 				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
 			}
 		}
 		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
-		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${title}\n";
 	} elsif ($export_media) {
 		$newrevid = mw_upload_file($complete_file_name, $new_sha1,
 					   $extension, $page_deleted,
 					   $summary);
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Ignoring media file $title\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file ${title}\n";
 	}
 	$newrevid = ($newrevid or $oldrevid);
-	return ($newrevid, "ok");
+	return ($newrevid, 'ok');
 }
 
 sub mw_push {
 	# multiple push statements can follow each other
-	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
+	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs('push'));
 	my $pushed;
 	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
 		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
-		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
+		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>\n");
 		if ($force) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
 		}
-		if ($local eq "") {
-			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
+		if ($local eq EMPTY) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} cannot delete\n";
 			next;
 		}
-		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
-			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
+		if ($remote ne 'refs/heads/master') {
+			print {*STDERR} "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} only master allowed\n";
 			next;
 		}
 		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
@@ -1140,30 +1112,32 @@
 	}
 
 	# Notify Git that the push is done
-	print STDOUT "\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
 
 	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
-		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
-		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  git pull --rebase\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
 	}
+	return;
 }
 
 sub mw_push_revision {
 	my $local = shift;
 	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
 	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
-	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
+	print {*STDERR} ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
 	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
 	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
 
 	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
-	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
+	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse ${local} 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($HEAD_sha1);
 	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
-	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
 	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
 
 	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
@@ -1182,22 +1156,22 @@
 	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
 		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
 		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
-		print STDERR "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
-		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents $local ^$parsed_sha1"));
+		print {*STDERR} "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
+		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents ${local} ^${parsed_sha1}"));
 		my %local_ancestry;
 		foreach my $line (@local_ancestry) {
-			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ m/^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
-				foreach my $parent (split(' ', $parents)) {
+			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ /^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
+				foreach my $parent (split(/ /, $parents)) {
 					$local_ancestry{$parent} = $child;
 				}
-			} elsif (!$line =~ m/^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
-				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: $line";
+			} elsif (!$line =~ /^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
+				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: ${line}\n";
 			}
 		}
 		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
 			my $child = $local_ancestry{$parsed_sha1};
 			if (!$child) {
-				printf STDERR "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
+				print {*STDERR} "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
 				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
 			}
 			push(@commit_pairs, [$parsed_sha1, $child]);
@@ -1206,12 +1180,12 @@
 	} else {
 		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
 		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
-		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
-		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
-		my @history = split('\n', $history);
+		print {*STDERR} "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
+		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children ${local}");
+		my @history = split(/\n/, $history);
 		@history = @history[1..$#history];
 		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
+			my @commit_info_split = split(/[ \n]/, $line);
 			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1219,12 +1193,12 @@
 	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
 		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
 		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
-		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
+		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z ${sha1_child} ${sha1_commit}");
 		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
 		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
 		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
 		# Keep the subject line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
-		my $commit_msg = run_git("log --no-walk --format=\"%s\" $sha1_commit");
+		my $commit_msg = run_git(qq(log --no-walk --format="%s" ${sha1_commit}));
 		chomp($commit_msg);
 		# Push every blob
 		while (@diff_info_list) {
@@ -1236,7 +1210,7 @@
 			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
 			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
 			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
-			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
+			if ($status eq 'non-fast-forward') {
 				# we may already have sent part of the
 				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
 				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
@@ -1244,22 +1218,21 @@
 				# accurate error message.
 				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
 			}
-			if ($status ne "ok") {
-				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
+			if ($status ne 'ok') {
+				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()\n");
 			}
 		}
-		unless ($dumb_push) {
-			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -f -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
-			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
+		if (!$dumb_push) {
+			run_git(qq(notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki add -f -m "mediawiki_revision: ${mw_revision}" ${sha1_commit}));
 		}
 	}
 
-	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "ok ${remote}\n";
 	return 1;
 }
 
 sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 
 	my $query = {
 		action => 'query',
@@ -1267,8 +1240,8 @@
 		siprop => 'fileextensions'
 		};
 	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-	my @file_extensions= map $_->{ext},@{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
-	my %hashFile = map {$_ => 1}@file_extensions;
+	my @file_extensions = map { $_->{ext}} @{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
+	my %hashFile = map { $_ => 1 } @file_extensions;
 
 	return %hashFile;
 }
@@ -1283,15 +1256,15 @@
 # Return MediaWiki id for a canonical namespace name.
 # Ex.: "File", "Project".
 sub get_mw_namespace_id {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
 	my $name = shift;
 
 	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
 		# Look at configuration file, if the record for that namespace is
 		# already cached. Namespaces are stored in form:
 		# "Name_of_namespace:Id_namespace", ex.: "File:6".
-		my @temp = split(/[\n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote."
-						. $remotename .".namespaceCache"));
+		my @temp = split(/\n/,
+				 run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache"));
 		chomp(@temp);
 		foreach my $ns (@temp) {
 			my ($n, $id) = split(/:/, $ns);
@@ -1305,7 +1278,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
-		print STDERR "Namespace $name not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Namespace ${name} not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
 		# NS not found => get namespace id from MW and store it in
 	        # configuration file.
 	        my $query = {
@@ -1329,8 +1302,8 @@
 	my $ns = $namespace_id{$name};
 	my $id;
 
-	unless (defined $ns) {
-		print STDERR "No such namespace $name on MediaWiki.\n";
+	if (!defined $ns) {
+		print {*STDERR} "No such namespace ${name} on MediaWiki.\n";
 		$ns = {is_namespace => 0};
 		$namespace_id{$name} = $ns;
 	}
@@ -1342,17 +1315,17 @@
 	# Store "notANameSpace" as special value for inexisting namespaces
 	my $store_id = ($id || 'notANameSpace');
 
-	# Store explicitely requested namespaces on disk
+	# Store explicitly requested namespaces on disk
 	if (!exists $cached_mw_namespace_id{$name}) {
-		run_git("config --add remote.". $remotename
-			.".namespaceCache \"". $name .":". $store_id ."\"");
+		run_git(qq(config --add remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache "${name}:${store_id}"));
 		$cached_mw_namespace_id{$name} = 1;
 	}
 	return $id;
 }
 
 sub get_mw_namespace_id_for_page {
-	if (my ($namespace) = $_[0] =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
+	my $namespace = shift;
+	if ($namespace =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
 		return get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
 	} else {
 		return;
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
index 4d211f5..23b7ef9 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 repository thanks to remote-helpers.
 
 For more information, visit the wiki at
-https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
+https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
index 96e9739..03f6ee5 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 The test environment makes it easy to install and manipulate one or
 several MediaWiki instances. To allow developers to run the testsuite
-easily, the environment does not require root priviledge (except to
+easily, the environment does not require root privilege (except to
 install the required packages if needed). It starts a webserver
 instance on the user's account (using lighttpd greatly helps for
 that), and does not need a separate database daemon (thanks to the use
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 
 ** `test_check_wiki_precond`:
 Check if the tests must be skipped or not. Please use this function
-at the beggining of each new test file.
+at the beginning of each new test file.
 
 ** `wiki_getpage`:
 Fetch a given page from the wiki and puts its content in the
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 
 ** `wiki_reset`:
 Reset the wiki, i.e. flush the database. Use this function at the
-begining of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
+beginning of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
 (and history) as the previous test.
 
 How to write a new test
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
index c6d6fa3..70a53f6 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 . "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"/test-gitmw-lib.sh
 usage () {
-	echo "Usage: "
+	echo "usage: "
 	echo "	./install-wiki.sh <install | delete | --help>"
 	echo "		install | -i :	Install a wiki on your computer."
 	echo "		delete | -d : Delete the wiki and all its pages and "
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
index 29f1251..745e47e 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
 ## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
 ## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
-## be publically accessible from the web.
+## be publicly accessible from the web.
 #$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";
 
 # Site language code, should be one of the list in ./languages/Names.php
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
index b6405ce..37021e2 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'capital at the begining of file names' '
+test_expect_failure 'capital at the beginning of file names' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
 	(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'special character at the begining of file name from mw to git' '
+test_expect_failure 'special character at the beginning of file name from mw to git' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
 	wiki_editpage {char_1 "expect to be renamed {char_1" false &&
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 	wiki_page_exist NotANameSpace:Page
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from mw to git' '
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from mw to git' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
 	wiki_editpage char_%_7b_1 "expect to be renamed char{_1" false &&
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'test of correct formating for file name begining with special character' '
+test_expect_failure 'test of correct formatting for file name beginning with special character' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
 	(
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 		echo "my new file {char_1" >\{char_1.mw &&
 		echo "my new file [char_2" >\[char_2.mw &&
 		git add . &&
-		git commit -am "commiting some exotic file name..." &&
+		git commit -am "committing some exotic file name..." &&
 		git push &&
 		git pull
 	) &&
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success 'test of correct formating for file name from git to mw' '
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from git to mw' '
 	wiki_reset &&
 	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
 	(
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
 		echo "my new file char{_1" >Char\{_1.mw &&
 		echo "my new file char[_2" >Char\[_2.mw &&
 		git add . &&
-		git commit -m "commiting some exotic file name..." &&
+		git commit -m "committing some exotic file name..." &&
 		git push
 	) &&
 	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 &&
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..27e267f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: queries w/ more than 500 results'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'creating page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	for i in `test_seq 501`
+	do
+		echo "creating revision $i" &&
+		wiki_editpage foo "revision $i<br/>" true
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
index 3b2cfac..3372b2a 100755
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -62,12 +62,8 @@
 		test_done
 	fi
 
-	if [ ! -f "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git-remote-mediawiki ];
-	then
-		echo "No remote mediawiki for git found. Copying it in git"
-		echo "cp $GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki $GIT_BUILD_DIR/"
-		ln -s "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"
-	fi
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd "../.." && pwd)
+	PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/bin-wrapper:'"$PATH"
 
 	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ];
 	then
@@ -95,7 +91,7 @@
 # Check that <dir> contains exactly <N> files
 test_contains_N_files () {
 	if test `ls -- "$1" | wc -l` -ne "$2"; then
-		echo "directory $1 sould contain $2 files"
+		echo "directory $1 should contain $2 files"
 		echo "it contains these files:"
 		ls "$1"
 		false
@@ -336,20 +332,21 @@
 	fi
 
 	# Fetch MediaWiki's archive if not already present in the TMP directory
+	MW_FILENAME="mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
 	cd "$TMP"
-	if [ ! -f "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz" ] ; then
-		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION sources ..."
-		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz" ||
+	if [ ! -f $MW_FILENAME ] ; then
+		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR sources ..."
+		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/$MW_FILENAME" ||
 			error "Unable to download "\
-			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.19/"\
-			"mediawiki-1.19.0.tar.gz. "\
+			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/"\
+			"$MW_FILENAME. "\
 			"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
-		echo "$MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`. "\
+		echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`. "\
 			"You can delete it later if you want."
 	else
-		echo "Reusing existing $MW_VERSION.tar.gz downloaded in `pwd`."
+		echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in `pwd`."
 	fi
-	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/"$MW_VERSION.tar.gz"
+	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/$MW_FILENAME
 	cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
 		error "can't cd to $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/"
 	tar xzf "$archive_abs_path" --strip-components=1 ||
@@ -431,5 +428,5 @@
 	# Delete the wiki's SQLite database
 	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" || error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
 	rm -f "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE"
-	rm -rf "$TMP/$MW_VERSION"
+	rm -rf "$TMP/mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
 }
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
index 958b37b..5ba0684 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 TMP=/tmp
 DB_FILE=wikidb.sqlite
 
-# If LIGHTTPD is not set to true, the script will use the defaut
+# If LIGHTTPD is not set to true, the script will use the default
 # web server running in WIKI_DIR_INST.
 WIKI_DIR_INST=/var/www
 
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 # The variables below are used by the script to install a wiki.
 # You should not modify these unless you are modifying the script itself.
-MW_VERSION=mediawiki-1.19.0
+# tested versions: 1.19.X -> 1.21.1
+MW_VERSION_MAJOR=1.21
+MW_VERSION_MINOR=1
 FILES_FOLDER=install-wiki
 DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT=db_install.php
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
index b6e534b..593d6a0 100644
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
+++ b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 import time
 import getopt
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02020000:
+   # The behavior of the marshal module changed significantly in 2.2
+   sys.stderr.write("git-p4import.py: requires Python 2.2 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 from signal import signal, \
    SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
    default_int_handler
diff --git a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index f2b08b4..0000000
--- a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-From: Ismail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-
-Trying to build the documentation with docbook-xsl 1.73 may result in
-the following error.  This patch fixes it.
-
-$ xmlto -m callouts.xsl man git-add.xml
-runtime error: file
-file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets-1.73.0/manpages/other.xsl line
-129 element call-template
-The called template 'read-character-map' was not found.
-
---- docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl.manpages-charmap	2007-07-23 16:24:23.000000000 +0100
-+++ docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl	2007-07-23 16:25:16.000000000 +0100
-@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
-   <xsl:include href="lists.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="endnotes.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="table.xsl"/>
-+  <xsl:include href="../common/charmap.xsl"/>
-
-   <!-- * we rename the following just to avoid using params with "man" -->
-   <!-- * prefixes in the table.xsl stylesheet (because that stylesheet -->
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239161d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+TESTS := $(wildcard test*.sh)
+
+export T := $(addprefix $(CURDIR)/,$(TESTS))
+export MAKE := $(MAKE) -e
+export PATH := $(CURDIR):$(PATH)
+export TEST_LINT := test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
+
+test:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../t $@
+
+$(TESTS):
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../t $(CURDIR)/$@
+
+.PHONY: $(TESTS)
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..054161a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+#
+# Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
+# Then you can clone with:
+# % git clone bzr::/path/to/bzr/repo/or/url
+#
+# For example:
+# % git clone bzr::$HOME/myrepo
+# or
+# % git clone bzr::lp:myrepo
+#
+# If you want to specify which branches you want to track (per repo):
+# % git config remote.origin.bzr-branches 'trunk, devel, test'
+#
+# Where 'origin' is the name of the repository you want to specify the
+# branches.
+#
+
+import sys
+
+import bzrlib
+if hasattr(bzrlib, "initialize"):
+    bzrlib.initialize()
+
+import bzrlib.plugin
+bzrlib.plugin.load_plugins()
+
+import bzrlib.generate_ids
+import bzrlib.transport
+import bzrlib.errors
+import bzrlib.ui
+import bzrlib.urlutils
+import bzrlib.branch
+
+import sys
+import os
+import json
+import re
+import StringIO
+import atexit, shutil, hashlib, urlparse, subprocess
+
+NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
+RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (.+)? <(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('WARNING: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+
+def gittz(tz):
+    return '%+03d%02d' % (tz / 3600, tz % 3600 / 60)
+
+def get_config(config):
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
+    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+    output, _ = process.communicate()
+    return output
+
+class Marks:
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+        self.tips = {}
+        self.marks = {}
+        self.rev_marks = {}
+        self.last_mark = 0
+        self.load()
+
+    def load(self):
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        tmp = json.load(open(self.path))
+        self.tips = tmp['tips']
+        self.marks = tmp['marks']
+        self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+
+        for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+
+    def dict(self):
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark }
+
+    def store(self):
+        json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.dict())
+
+    def from_rev(self, rev):
+        return self.marks[rev]
+
+    def to_rev(self, mark):
+        return str(self.rev_marks[mark])
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def get_mark(self, rev):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        self.marks[rev] = self.last_mark
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def is_marked(self, rev):
+        return rev in self.marks
+
+    def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
+        self.marks[rev] = mark
+        self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+        self.last_mark = mark
+
+    def get_tip(self, branch):
+        try:
+            return str(self.tips[branch])
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+    def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
+        self.tips[branch] = tip
+
+class Parser:
+
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def get_line(self):
+        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.line.split()[i]
+
+    def check(self, word):
+        return self.line.startswith(word)
+
+    def each_block(self, separator):
+        while self.line != separator:
+            yield self.line
+            self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.each_block('')
+
+    def next(self):
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+        if self.line == 'done':
+            self.line = None
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        i = self.line.index(':') + 1
+        return int(self.line[i:])
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        if not self.check('data'):
+            return None
+        i = self.line.index(' ') + 1
+        size = int(self.line[i:])
+        return sys.stdin.read(size)
+
+    def get_author(self):
+        m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
+        if not m:
+            return None
+        _, name, email, date, tz = m.groups()
+        name = name.decode('utf-8')
+        committer = '%s <%s>' % (name, email)
+        tz = int(tz)
+        tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
+        return (committer, int(date), tz)
+
+def rev_to_mark(rev):
+    return marks.from_rev(rev)
+
+def mark_to_rev(mark):
+    return marks.to_rev(mark)
+
+def fixup_user(user):
+    name = mail = None
+    user = user.replace('"', '')
+    m = AUTHOR_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = m.group(1)
+        mail = m.group(2).strip()
+    else:
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
+        if m:
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+
+    if not name:
+        name = 'unknown'
+    if not mail:
+        mail = 'Unknown'
+
+    return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
+
+def get_filechanges(cur, prev):
+    modified = {}
+    removed = {}
+
+    changes = cur.changes_from(prev)
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s.encode('utf-8')
+
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.added:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for path, fid, kind in changes.removed:
+        removed[u(path)] = None
+    for path, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.modified:
+        modified[u(path)] = fid
+    for oldpath, newpath, fid, kind, mod, _ in changes.renamed:
+        removed[u(oldpath)] = None
+        if kind == 'directory':
+            lst = cur.list_files(from_dir=newpath, recursive=True)
+            for path, file_class, kind, fid, entry in lst:
+                if kind != 'directory':
+                    modified[u(newpath + '/' + path)] = fid
+        else:
+            modified[u(newpath)] = fid
+
+    return modified, removed
+
+def export_files(tree, files):
+    final = []
+    for path, fid in files.iteritems():
+        kind = tree.kind(fid)
+
+        h = tree.get_file_sha1(fid)
+
+        if kind == 'symlink':
+            d = tree.get_symlink_target(fid)
+            mode = '120000'
+        elif kind == 'file':
+
+            if tree.is_executable(fid):
+                mode = '100755'
+            else:
+                mode = '100644'
+
+            # is the blob already exported?
+            if h in filenodes:
+                mark = filenodes[h]
+                final.append((mode, mark, path))
+                continue
+
+            d = tree.get_file_text(fid)
+        elif kind == 'directory':
+            continue
+        else:
+            die("Unhandled kind '%s' for path '%s'" % (kind, path))
+
+        mark = marks.next_mark()
+        filenodes[h] = mark
+
+        print "blob"
+        print "mark :%u" % mark
+        print "data %d" % len(d)
+        print d
+
+        final.append((mode, mark, path))
+
+    return final
+
+def export_branch(repo, name):
+    ref = '%s/heads/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    tip = marks.get_tip(name)
+
+    branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+    repo = branch.repository
+
+    branch.lock_read()
+    revs = branch.iter_merge_sorted_revisions(None, tip, 'exclude', 'forward')
+    try:
+        tip_revno = branch.revision_id_to_revno(tip)
+        last_revno, _ = branch.last_revision_info()
+        total = last_revno - tip_revno
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+        tip_revno = 0
+        total = 0
+
+    for revid, _, seq, _ in revs:
+
+        if marks.is_marked(revid):
+            continue
+
+        rev = repo.get_revision(revid)
+        revno = seq[0]
+
+        parents = rev.parent_ids
+        time = rev.timestamp
+        tz = rev.timezone
+        committer = rev.committer.encode('utf-8')
+        committer = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(committer), time, gittz(tz))
+        authors = rev.get_apparent_authors()
+        if authors:
+            author = authors[0].encode('utf-8')
+            author = "%s %u %s" % (fixup_user(author), time, gittz(tz))
+        else:
+            author = committer
+        msg = rev.message.encode('utf-8')
+
+        msg += '\n'
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            parent = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+        else:
+            parent = parents[0]
+
+        cur_tree = repo.revision_tree(revid)
+        prev = repo.revision_tree(parent)
+        modified, removed = get_filechanges(cur_tree, prev)
+
+        modified_final = export_files(cur_tree, modified)
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            print 'reset %s' % ref
+
+        print "commit %s" % ref
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(revid))
+        print "author %s" % (author)
+        print "committer %s" % (committer)
+        print "data %d" % (len(msg))
+        print msg
+
+        for i, p in enumerate(parents):
+            try:
+                m = rev_to_mark(p)
+            except KeyError:
+                # ghost?
+                continue
+            if i == 0:
+                print "from :%s" % m
+            else:
+                print "merge :%s" % m
+
+        for f in removed:
+            print "D %s" % (f,)
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
+        print
+
+        if len(seq) > 1:
+            # let's skip branch revisions from the progress report
+            continue
+
+        progress = (revno - tip_revno)
+        if (progress % 100 == 0):
+            if total:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (revno, name, progress, total)
+            else:
+                print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d)" % (revno, name, progress)
+
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    revid = branch.last_revision()
+
+    # make sure the ref is updated
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(revid)
+    print
+
+    marks.set_tip(name, revid)
+
+def export_tag(repo, name):
+    ref = '%s/tags/%s' % (prefix, name)
+    print "reset %s" % ref
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(tags[name])
+    print
+
+def do_import(parser):
+    repo = parser.repo
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    print "feature done"
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature force"
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    while parser.check('import'):
+        ref = parser[1]
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            export_branch(repo, name)
+        if ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            export_tag(repo, name)
+        parser.next()
+
+    print 'done'
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def parse_blob(parser):
+    parser.next()
+    mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    blob_marks[mark] = data
+    parser.next()
+
+class CustomTree():
+
+    def __init__(self, branch, revid, parents, files):
+        self.updates = {}
+        self.branch = branch
+
+        def copy_tree(revid):
+            files = files_cache[revid] = {}
+            branch.lock_read()
+            tree = branch.repository.revision_tree(revid)
+            try:
+                for path, entry in tree.iter_entries_by_dir():
+                    files[path] = [entry.file_id, None]
+            finally:
+                branch.unlock()
+            return files
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            self.base_id = bzrlib.revision.NULL_REVISION
+            self.base_files = {}
+        else:
+            self.base_id = parents[0]
+            self.base_files = files_cache.get(self.base_id, None)
+            if not self.base_files:
+                self.base_files = copy_tree(self.base_id)
+
+        self.files = files_cache[revid] = self.base_files.copy()
+        self.rev_files = {}
+
+        for path, data in self.files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = data
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+
+        for path, f in files.iteritems():
+            fid, mark = self.files.get(path, [None, None])
+            if not fid:
+                fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            f['path'] = path
+            self.rev_files[fid] = [path, mark]
+            self.updates[fid] = f
+
+    def last_revision(self):
+        return self.base_id
+
+    def iter_changes(self):
+        changes = []
+
+        def get_parent(dirname, basename):
+            parent_fid, mark = self.base_files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            parent_fid, mark = self.files.get(dirname, [None, None])
+            if parent_fid:
+                return parent_fid
+            if basename == '':
+                return None
+            fid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_file_id(path)
+            add_entry(fid, dirname, 'directory')
+            return fid
+
+        def add_entry(fid, path, kind, mode=None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (None, path),
+                    True,
+                    (False, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def update_entry(fid, path, kind, mode=None):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+
+            executable = False
+            if mode == '100755':
+                executable = True
+            elif mode == '120000':
+                kind = 'symlink'
+
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, path),
+                    True,
+                    (True, True),
+                    (None, parent_fid),
+                    (None, basename),
+                    (None, kind),
+                    (None, executable))
+            self.files[path] = [change[0], None]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        def remove_entry(fid, path, kind):
+            dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+            parent_fid = get_parent(dirname, basename)
+            change = (fid,
+                    (path, None),
+                    True,
+                    (True, False),
+                    (parent_fid, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None),
+                    (None, None))
+            del self.files[path]
+            changes.append(change)
+
+        for fid, f in self.updates.iteritems():
+            path = f['path']
+
+            if 'deleted' in f:
+                remove_entry(fid, path, 'file')
+                continue
+
+            if path in self.base_files:
+                update_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+            else:
+                add_entry(fid, path, 'file', f['mode'])
+
+            self.files[path][1] = f['mark']
+            self.rev_files[fid][1] = f['mark']
+
+        return changes
+
+    def get_content(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        if mark:
+            return blob_marks[mark]
+
+        # last resort
+        tree = self.branch.repository.revision_tree(self.base_id)
+        return tree.get_file_text(file_id)
+
+    def get_file_with_stat(self, file_id, path=None):
+        content = self.get_content(file_id)
+        return (StringIO.StringIO(content), None)
+
+    def get_symlink_target(self, file_id):
+        return self.get_content(file_id)
+
+    def id2path(self, file_id):
+        path, mark = self.rev_files[file_id]
+        return path
+
+def c_style_unescape(string):
+    if string[0] == string[-1] == '"':
+        return string.decode('string-escape')[1:-1]
+    return string
+
+def parse_commit(parser):
+    parents = []
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+        name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+        branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+    else:
+        die('unknown ref')
+
+    commit_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    author = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    committer = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+    if parser.check('from'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+    while parser.check('merge'):
+        parents.append(parser.get_mark())
+        parser.next()
+
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
+    files = {}
+
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('M'):
+            t, m, mark_ref, path = line.split(' ', 3)
+            mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
+            f = { 'mode' : m, 'mark' : mark }
+        elif parser.check('D'):
+            t, path = line.split(' ', 1)
+            f = { 'deleted' : True }
+        else:
+            die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
+        path = c_style_unescape(path).decode('utf-8')
+        files[path] = f
+
+    committer, date, tz = committer
+    parents = [mark_to_rev(p) for p in parents]
+    revid = bzrlib.generate_ids.gen_revision_id(committer, date)
+    props = {}
+    props['branch-nick'] = branch.nick
+
+    mtree = CustomTree(branch, revid, parents, files)
+    changes = mtree.iter_changes()
+
+    branch.lock_write()
+    try:
+        builder = branch.get_commit_builder(parents, None, date, tz, committer, props, revid)
+        try:
+            list(builder.record_iter_changes(mtree, mtree.last_revision(), changes))
+            builder.finish_inventory()
+            builder.commit(data.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
+        except Exception, e:
+            builder.abort()
+            raise
+    finally:
+        branch.unlock()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = revid
+    marks.new_mark(revid, commit_mark)
+
+def parse_reset(parser):
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    # ugh
+    if parser.check('commit'):
+        parse_commit(parser)
+        return
+    if not parser.check('from'):
+        return
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+
+def do_export(parser):
+    parser.next()
+
+    for line in parser.each_block('done'):
+        if parser.check('blob'):
+            parse_blob(parser)
+        elif parser.check('commit'):
+            parse_commit(parser)
+        elif parser.check('reset'):
+            parse_reset(parser)
+        elif parser.check('tag'):
+            pass
+        elif parser.check('feature'):
+            pass
+        else:
+            die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
+
+    for ref, revid in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            name = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            branch = get_remote_branch(name)
+            branch.generate_revision_history(revid, marks.get_tip(name))
+
+            if name in peers:
+                peer = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(peers[name],
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+                try:
+                    peer.bzrdir.push_branch(branch, revision_id=revid)
+                except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+                    print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+                    continue
+
+            try:
+                wt = branch.bzrdir.open_workingtree()
+                wt.update()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoWorkingTree:
+                pass
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            # TODO: implement tag push
+            print "error %s pushing tags not supported" % ref
+            continue
+        else:
+            # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
+            continue
+
+        print "ok %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def do_capabilities(parser):
+    print "import"
+    print "export"
+    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s/heads/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/tags/*:%s/tags/*" % prefix
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+
+    print
+
+def ref_is_valid(name):
+    return not True in [c in name for c in '~^: \\']
+
+def do_list(parser):
+    master_branch = None
+
+    for name in branches:
+        if not master_branch:
+            master_branch = name
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % name
+
+    branch = get_remote_branch(master_branch)
+    branch.lock_read()
+    for tag, revid in branch.tags.get_tag_dict().items():
+        try:
+            branch.revision_id_to_dotted_revno(revid)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NoSuchRevision:
+            continue
+        if not ref_is_valid(tag):
+            continue
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % tag
+        tags[tag] = revid
+    branch.unlock()
+
+    print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % master_branch
+    print
+
+def clone(path, remote_branch):
+    try:
+        bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.create(path, possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.AlreadyControlDirError:
+        bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(path, possible_transports=transports)
+    repo = bdir.find_repository()
+    repo.fetch(remote_branch.repository)
+    return remote_branch.sprout(bdir, repository=repo)
+
+def get_remote_branch(name):
+    remote_branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branches[name],
+                                              possible_transports=transports)
+    if isinstance(remote_branch.user_transport, bzrlib.transport.local.LocalTransport):
+        return remote_branch
+
+    branch_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone', name)
+
+    try:
+        branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open(branch_path,
+                                           possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+        # clone
+        branch = clone(branch_path, remote_branch)
+    else:
+        # pull
+        try:
+            branch.pull(remote_branch, overwrite=True)
+        except bzrlib.errors.DivergedBranches:
+            # use remote branch for now
+            return remote_branch
+
+    return branch
+
+def find_branches(repo):
+    transport = repo.bzrdir.root_transport
+
+    for fn in transport.iter_files_recursive():
+        if not fn.endswith('.bzr/branch-format'):
+            continue
+
+        name = subdir = fn[:-len('/.bzr/branch-format')]
+        name = name if name != '' else 'master'
+        name = name.replace('/', '+')
+
+        try:
+            cur = transport.clone(subdir)
+            branch = bzrlib.branch.Branch.open_from_transport(cur)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+            continue
+        else:
+            yield name, branch.base
+
+def get_repo(url, alias):
+    normal_url = bzrlib.urlutils.normalize_url(url)
+    origin = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(url, possible_transports=transports)
+    is_local = isinstance(origin.transport, bzrlib.transport.local.LocalTransport)
+
+    shared_path = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr')
+    try:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(shared_path,
+                                               possible_transports=transports)
+    except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+        shared_dir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.create(shared_path,
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+    try:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.open_repository()
+    except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+        shared_repo = shared_dir.create_repository(shared=True)
+
+    if not is_local:
+        clone_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
+        if not os.path.exists(clone_path):
+            os.mkdir(clone_path)
+        else:
+            # check and remove old organization
+            try:
+                bdir = bzrlib.bzrdir.BzrDir.open(clone_path,
+                                                 possible_transports=transports)
+                bdir.destroy_repository()
+            except bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError:
+                pass
+            except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+                pass
+
+    wanted = get_config('remote.%s.bzr-branches' % alias).rstrip().split(', ')
+    # stupid python
+    wanted = [e for e in wanted if e]
+    if not wanted:
+        wanted = get_config('remote-bzr.branches').rstrip().split(', ')
+        # stupid python
+        wanted = [e for e in wanted if e]
+
+    if not wanted:
+        try:
+            repo = origin.open_repository()
+            if not repo.user_transport.listable():
+                # this repository is not usable for us
+                raise bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent(repo.bzrdir)
+        except bzrlib.errors.NoRepositoryPresent:
+            wanted = ['master']
+
+    if wanted:
+        def list_wanted(url, wanted):
+            for name in wanted:
+                subdir = name if name != 'master' else ''
+                yield name, bzrlib.urlutils.join(url, subdir)
+
+        branch_list = list_wanted(url, wanted)
+    else:
+        branch_list = find_branches(repo)
+
+    for name, url in branch_list:
+        if not is_local:
+            peers[name] = url
+        branches[name] = url
+
+    return origin
+
+def fix_path(alias, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(url.path):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "bzr::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+def main(args):
+    global marks, prefix, gitdir, dirname
+    global tags, filenodes
+    global blob_marks
+    global parsed_refs
+    global files_cache
+    global is_tmp
+    global branches, peers
+    global transports
+
+    alias = args[1]
+    url = args[2]
+
+    tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+    blob_marks = {}
+    parsed_refs = {}
+    files_cache = {}
+    marks = None
+    branches = {}
+    peers = {}
+    transports = []
+
+    if alias[5:] == url:
+        is_tmp = True
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+    else:
+        is_tmp = False
+
+    prefix = 'refs/bzr/%s' % alias
+    gitdir = os.environ['GIT_DIR']
+    dirname = os.path.join(gitdir, 'bzr', alias)
+
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, url)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+        os.makedirs(dirname)
+
+    if hasattr(bzrlib.ui.ui_factory, 'be_quiet'):
+        bzrlib.ui.ui_factory.be_quiet(True)
+
+    repo = get_repo(url, alias)
+
+    marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-int')
+    marks = Marks(marks_path)
+
+    parser = Parser(repo)
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('capabilities'):
+            do_capabilities(parser)
+        elif parser.check('list'):
+            do_list(parser)
+        elif parser.check('import'):
+            do_import(parser)
+        elif parser.check('export'):
+            do_export(parser)
+        else:
+            die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
+    if not is_tmp:
+        marks.store()
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
+
+atexit.register(bye)
+sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c6026b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
@@ -0,0 +1,1246 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+# Inspired by Rocco Rutte's hg-fast-export
+
+# Just copy to your ~/bin, or anywhere in your $PATH.
+# Then you can clone with:
+# git clone hg::/path/to/mercurial/repo/
+#
+# For remote repositories a local clone is stored in
+# "$GIT_DIR/hg/origin/clone/.hg/".
+
+from mercurial import hg, ui, bookmarks, context, encoding, node, error, extensions, discovery, util
+
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+import json
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import urllib
+import atexit
+import urlparse, hashlib
+import time as ptime
+
+#
+# If you want to see Mercurial revisions as Git commit notes:
+# git config core.notesRef refs/notes/hg
+#
+# If you are not in hg-git-compat mode and want to disable the tracking of
+# named branches:
+# git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
+#
+# If you want the equivalent of hg's clone/pull--insecure option:
+# git config --global remote-hg.insecure true
+#
+# If you want to switch to hg-git compatibility mode:
+# git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+#
+# git:
+# Sensible defaults for git.
+# hg bookmarks are exported as git branches, hg branches are prefixed
+# with 'branches/', HEAD is a special case.
+#
+# hg:
+# Emulate hg-git.
+# Only hg bookmarks are exported as git branches.
+# Commits are modified to preserve hg information and allow bidirectionality.
+#
+
+NAME_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+?)? ?<([^<>]*)>$')
+EMAIL_RE = re.compile('^([^<>]+[^ \\\t<>])?\\b(?:[ \\t<>]*?)\\b([^ \\t<>]+@[^ \\t<>]+)')
+AUTHOR_HG_RE = re.compile('^(.*?) ?<(.*?)(?:>(.+)?)?$')
+RAW_AUTHOR_RE = re.compile('^(\w+) (?:(.+)? )?<(.*)> (\d+) ([+-]\d+)')
+
+VERSION = 2
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    sys.stderr.write('WARNING: %s\n' % (msg % args))
+
+def gitmode(flags):
+    return 'l' in flags and '120000' or 'x' in flags and '100755' or '100644'
+
+def gittz(tz):
+    return '%+03d%02d' % (-tz / 3600, -tz % 3600 / 60)
+
+def hgmode(mode):
+    m = { '100755': 'x', '120000': 'l' }
+    return m.get(mode, '')
+
+def hghex(n):
+    return node.hex(n)
+
+def hgbin(n):
+    return node.bin(n)
+
+def hgref(ref):
+    return ref.replace('___', ' ')
+
+def gitref(ref):
+    return ref.replace(' ', '___')
+
+def check_version(*check):
+    if not hg_version:
+        return True
+    return hg_version >= check
+
+def get_config(config):
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', '--get', config]
+    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+    output, _ = process.communicate()
+    return output
+
+def get_config_bool(config, default=False):
+    value = get_config(config).rstrip('\n')
+    if value == "true":
+        return True
+    elif value == "false":
+        return False
+    else:
+        return default
+
+class Marks:
+
+    def __init__(self, path, repo):
+        self.path = path
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.clear()
+        self.load()
+
+        if self.version < VERSION:
+            if self.version == 1:
+                self.upgrade_one()
+
+            # upgraded?
+            if self.version < VERSION:
+                self.clear()
+                self.version = VERSION
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.tips = {}
+        self.marks = {}
+        self.rev_marks = {}
+        self.last_mark = 0
+        self.version = 0
+        self.last_note = 0
+
+    def load(self):
+        if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+            return
+
+        tmp = json.load(open(self.path))
+
+        self.tips = tmp['tips']
+        self.marks = tmp['marks']
+        self.last_mark = tmp['last-mark']
+        self.version = tmp.get('version', 1)
+        self.last_note = tmp.get('last-note', 0)
+
+        for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems():
+            self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+
+    def upgrade_one(self):
+        def get_id(rev):
+            return hghex(self.repo.changelog.node(int(rev)))
+        self.tips = dict((name, get_id(rev)) for name, rev in self.tips.iteritems())
+        self.marks = dict((get_id(rev), mark) for rev, mark in self.marks.iteritems())
+        self.rev_marks = dict((mark, get_id(rev)) for mark, rev in self.rev_marks.iteritems())
+        self.version = 2
+
+    def dict(self):
+        return { 'tips': self.tips, 'marks': self.marks, 'last-mark' : self.last_mark, 'version' : self.version, 'last-note' : self.last_note }
+
+    def store(self):
+        json.dump(self.dict(), open(self.path, 'w'))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.dict())
+
+    def from_rev(self, rev):
+        return self.marks[rev]
+
+    def to_rev(self, mark):
+        return str(self.rev_marks[mark])
+
+    def next_mark(self):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def get_mark(self, rev):
+        self.last_mark += 1
+        self.marks[rev] = self.last_mark
+        return self.last_mark
+
+    def new_mark(self, rev, mark):
+        self.marks[rev] = mark
+        self.rev_marks[mark] = rev
+        self.last_mark = mark
+
+    def is_marked(self, rev):
+        return rev in self.marks
+
+    def get_tip(self, branch):
+        return str(self.tips[branch])
+
+    def set_tip(self, branch, tip):
+        self.tips[branch] = tip
+
+class Parser:
+
+    def __init__(self, repo):
+        self.repo = repo
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def get_line(self):
+        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.line.split()[i]
+
+    def check(self, word):
+        return self.line.startswith(word)
+
+    def each_block(self, separator):
+        while self.line != separator:
+            yield self.line
+            self.line = self.get_line()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.each_block('')
+
+    def next(self):
+        self.line = self.get_line()
+        if self.line == 'done':
+            self.line = None
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        i = self.line.index(':') + 1
+        return int(self.line[i:])
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        if not self.check('data'):
+            return None
+        i = self.line.index(' ') + 1
+        size = int(self.line[i:])
+        return sys.stdin.read(size)
+
+    def get_author(self):
+        ex = None
+        m = RAW_AUTHOR_RE.match(self.line)
+        if not m:
+            return None
+        _, name, email, date, tz = m.groups()
+        if name and 'ext:' in name:
+            m = re.match('^(.+?) ext:\((.+)\)$', name)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1)
+                ex = urllib.unquote(m.group(2))
+
+        if email != bad_mail:
+            if name:
+                user = '%s <%s>' % (name, email)
+            else:
+                user = '<%s>' % (email)
+        else:
+            user = name
+
+        if ex:
+            user += ex
+
+        tz = int(tz)
+        tz = ((tz / 100) * 3600) + ((tz % 100) * 60)
+        return (user, int(date), -tz)
+
+def fix_file_path(path):
+    if not os.path.isabs(path):
+        return path
+    return os.path.relpath(path, '/')
+
+def export_files(files):
+    final = []
+    for f in files:
+        fid = node.hex(f.filenode())
+
+        if fid in filenodes:
+            mark = filenodes[fid]
+        else:
+            mark = marks.next_mark()
+            filenodes[fid] = mark
+            d = f.data()
+
+            print "blob"
+            print "mark :%u" % mark
+            print "data %d" % len(d)
+            print d
+
+        path = fix_file_path(f.path())
+        final.append((gitmode(f.flags()), mark, path))
+
+    return final
+
+def get_filechanges(repo, ctx, parent):
+    modified = set()
+    added = set()
+    removed = set()
+
+    # load earliest manifest first for caching reasons
+    prev = parent.manifest().copy()
+    cur = ctx.manifest()
+
+    for fn in cur:
+        if fn in prev:
+            if (cur.flags(fn) != prev.flags(fn) or cur[fn] != prev[fn]):
+                modified.add(fn)
+            del prev[fn]
+        else:
+            added.add(fn)
+    removed |= set(prev.keys())
+
+    return added | modified, removed
+
+def fixup_user_git(user):
+    name = mail = None
+    user = user.replace('"', '')
+    m = AUTHOR_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = m.group(1)
+        mail = m.group(2).strip()
+    else:
+        m = EMAIL_RE.match(user)
+        if m:
+            name = m.group(1)
+            mail = m.group(2)
+        else:
+            m = NAME_RE.match(user)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+    return (name, mail)
+
+def fixup_user_hg(user):
+    def sanitize(name):
+        # stole this from hg-git
+        return re.sub('[<>\n]', '?', name.lstrip('< ').rstrip('> '))
+
+    m = AUTHOR_HG_RE.match(user)
+    if m:
+        name = sanitize(m.group(1))
+        mail = sanitize(m.group(2))
+        ex = m.group(3)
+        if ex:
+            name += ' ext:(' + urllib.quote(ex) + ')'
+    else:
+        name = sanitize(user)
+        if '@' in user:
+            mail = name
+        else:
+            mail = None
+
+    return (name, mail)
+
+def fixup_user(user):
+    if mode == 'git':
+        name, mail = fixup_user_git(user)
+    else:
+        name, mail = fixup_user_hg(user)
+
+    if not name:
+        name = bad_name
+    if not mail:
+        mail = bad_mail
+
+    return '%s <%s>' % (name, mail)
+
+def updatebookmarks(repo, peer):
+    remotemarks = peer.listkeys('bookmarks')
+    localmarks = repo._bookmarks
+
+    if not remotemarks:
+        return
+
+    for k, v in remotemarks.iteritems():
+        localmarks[k] = hgbin(v)
+
+    if hasattr(localmarks, 'write'):
+        localmarks.write()
+    else:
+        bookmarks.write(repo)
+
+def get_repo(url, alias):
+    global peer
+
+    myui = ui.ui()
+    myui.setconfig('ui', 'interactive', 'off')
+    myui.fout = sys.stderr
+
+    if get_config_bool('remote-hg.insecure'):
+        myui.setconfig('web', 'cacerts', '')
+
+    extensions.loadall(myui)
+
+    if hg.islocal(url) and not os.environ.get('GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE'):
+        repo = hg.repository(myui, url)
+        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
+    else:
+        shared_path = os.path.join(gitdir, 'hg')
+
+        # check and upgrade old organization
+        hg_path = os.path.join(shared_path, '.hg')
+        if os.path.exists(shared_path) and not os.path.exists(hg_path):
+            repos = os.listdir(shared_path)
+            for x in repos:
+                local_hg = os.path.join(shared_path, x, 'clone', '.hg')
+                if not os.path.exists(local_hg):
+                    continue
+                if not os.path.exists(hg_path):
+                    shutil.move(local_hg, hg_path)
+                shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(shared_path, x, 'clone'))
+
+        # setup shared repo (if not there)
+        try:
+            hg.peer(myui, {}, shared_path, create=True)
+        except error.RepoError:
+            pass
+
+        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
+
+        local_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'clone')
+        if not os.path.exists(local_path):
+            hg.share(myui, shared_path, local_path, update=False)
+
+        repo = hg.repository(myui, local_path)
+        try:
+            peer = hg.peer(myui, {}, url)
+        except:
+            die('Repository error')
+        repo.pull(peer, heads=None, force=True)
+
+        updatebookmarks(repo, peer)
+
+    return repo
+
+def rev_to_mark(rev):
+    return marks.from_rev(rev.hex())
+
+def mark_to_rev(mark):
+    return marks.to_rev(mark)
+
+def export_ref(repo, name, kind, head):
+    ename = '%s/%s' % (kind, name)
+    try:
+        tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+        tip = repo[tip].rev()
+    except:
+        tip = 0
+
+    revs = xrange(tip, head.rev() + 1)
+    total = len(revs)
+
+    for rev in revs:
+
+        c = repo[rev]
+        node = c.node()
+
+        if marks.is_marked(c.hex()):
+            continue
+
+        (manifest, user, (time, tz), files, desc, extra) = repo.changelog.read(node)
+        rev_branch = extra['branch']
+
+        author = "%s %d %s" % (fixup_user(user), time, gittz(tz))
+        if 'committer' in extra:
+            user, time, tz = extra['committer'].rsplit(' ', 2)
+            committer = "%s %s %s" % (user, time, gittz(int(tz)))
+        else:
+            committer = author
+
+        parents = [repo[p] for p in repo.changelog.parentrevs(rev) if p >= 0]
+
+        if len(parents) == 0:
+            modified = c.manifest().keys()
+            removed = []
+        else:
+            modified, removed = get_filechanges(repo, c, parents[0])
+
+        desc += '\n'
+
+        if mode == 'hg':
+            extra_msg = ''
+
+            if rev_branch != 'default':
+                extra_msg += 'branch : %s\n' % rev_branch
+
+            renames = []
+            for f in c.files():
+                if f not in c.manifest():
+                    continue
+                rename = c.filectx(f).renamed()
+                if rename:
+                    renames.append((rename[0], f))
+
+            for e in renames:
+                extra_msg += "rename : %s => %s\n" % e
+
+            for key, value in extra.iteritems():
+                if key in ('author', 'committer', 'encoding', 'message', 'branch', 'hg-git'):
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    extra_msg += "extra : %s : %s\n" % (key, urllib.quote(value))
+
+            if extra_msg:
+                desc += '\n--HG--\n' + extra_msg
+
+        if len(parents) == 0 and rev:
+            print 'reset %s/%s' % (prefix, ename)
+
+        modified_final = export_files(c.filectx(f) for f in modified)
+
+        print "commit %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
+        print "mark :%d" % (marks.get_mark(c.hex()))
+        print "author %s" % (author)
+        print "committer %s" % (committer)
+        print "data %d" % (len(desc))
+        print desc
+
+        if len(parents) > 0:
+            print "from :%s" % (rev_to_mark(parents[0]))
+            if len(parents) > 1:
+                print "merge :%s" % (rev_to_mark(parents[1]))
+
+        for f in removed:
+            print "D %s" % (fix_file_path(f))
+        for f in modified_final:
+            print "M %s :%u %s" % f
+        print
+
+        progress = (rev - tip)
+        if (progress % 100 == 0):
+            print "progress revision %d '%s' (%d/%d)" % (rev, name, progress, total)
+
+    # make sure the ref is updated
+    print "reset %s/%s" % (prefix, ename)
+    print "from :%u" % rev_to_mark(head)
+    print
+
+    pending_revs = set(revs) - notes
+    if pending_revs:
+        note_mark = marks.next_mark()
+        ref = "refs/notes/hg"
+
+        print "commit %s" % ref
+        print "mark :%d" % (note_mark)
+        print "committer remote-hg <> %s" % (ptime.strftime('%s %z'))
+        desc = "Notes for %s\n" % (name)
+        print "data %d" % (len(desc))
+        print desc
+        if marks.last_note:
+            print "from :%u" % marks.last_note
+
+        for rev in pending_revs:
+            notes.add(rev)
+            c = repo[rev]
+            print "N inline :%u" % rev_to_mark(c)
+            msg = c.hex()
+            print "data %d" % (len(msg))
+            print msg
+        print
+
+        marks.last_note = note_mark
+
+    marks.set_tip(ename, head.hex())
+
+def export_tag(repo, tag):
+    export_ref(repo, tag, 'tags', repo[hgref(tag)])
+
+def export_bookmark(repo, bmark):
+    head = bmarks[hgref(bmark)]
+    export_ref(repo, bmark, 'bookmarks', head)
+
+def export_branch(repo, branch):
+    tip = get_branch_tip(repo, branch)
+    head = repo[tip]
+    export_ref(repo, branch, 'branches', head)
+
+def export_head(repo):
+    export_ref(repo, g_head[0], 'bookmarks', g_head[1])
+
+def do_capabilities(parser):
+    print "import"
+    print "export"
+    print "refspec refs/heads/branches/*:%s/branches/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s/bookmarks/*" % prefix
+    print "refspec refs/tags/*:%s/tags/*" % prefix
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "*import-marks %s" % path
+    print "*export-marks %s" % path
+    print "option"
+
+    print
+
+def branch_tip(branch):
+    return branches[branch][-1]
+
+def get_branch_tip(repo, branch):
+    heads = branches.get(hgref(branch), None)
+    if not heads:
+        return None
+
+    # verify there's only one head
+    if (len(heads) > 1):
+        warn("Branch '%s' has more than one head, consider merging" % branch)
+        return branch_tip(hgref(branch))
+
+    return heads[0]
+
+def list_head(repo, cur):
+    global g_head, fake_bmark
+
+    if 'default' not in branches:
+        # empty repo
+        return
+
+    node = repo[branch_tip('default')]
+    head = 'master' if not 'master' in bmarks else 'default'
+    fake_bmark = head
+    bmarks[head] = node
+
+    head = gitref(head)
+    print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % head
+    g_head = (head, node)
+
+def do_list(parser):
+    repo = parser.repo
+    for bmark, node in bookmarks.listbookmarks(repo).iteritems():
+        bmarks[bmark] = repo[node]
+
+    cur = repo.dirstate.branch()
+    orig = peer if peer else repo
+
+    for branch, heads in orig.branchmap().iteritems():
+        # only open heads
+        heads = [h for h in heads if 'close' not in repo.changelog.read(h)[5]]
+        if heads:
+            branches[branch] = heads
+
+    list_head(repo, cur)
+
+    if track_branches:
+        for branch in branches:
+            print "? refs/heads/branches/%s" % gitref(branch)
+
+    for bmark in bmarks:
+        print "? refs/heads/%s" % gitref(bmark)
+
+    for tag, node in repo.tagslist():
+        if tag == 'tip':
+            continue
+        print "? refs/tags/%s" % gitref(tag)
+
+    print
+
+def do_import(parser):
+    repo = parser.repo
+
+    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-git')
+
+    print "feature done"
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        print "feature import-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature export-marks=%s" % path
+    print "feature force"
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    # lets get all the import lines
+    while parser.check('import'):
+        ref = parser[1]
+
+        if (ref == 'HEAD'):
+            export_head(repo)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches/'):
+            branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+            export_branch(repo, branch)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            export_bookmark(repo, bmark)
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            tag = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            export_tag(repo, tag)
+
+        parser.next()
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    print 'done'
+
+def parse_blob(parser):
+    parser.next()
+    mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    blob_marks[mark] = data
+    parser.next()
+
+def get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files):
+    for e in repo[p1].files():
+        if e not in files:
+            if e not in repo[p1].manifest():
+                continue
+            f = { 'ctx' : repo[p1][e] }
+            files[e] = f
+
+def c_style_unescape(string):
+    if string[0] == string[-1] == '"':
+        return string.decode('string-escape')[1:-1]
+    return string
+
+def parse_commit(parser):
+    from_mark = merge_mark = None
+
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+
+    commit_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    author = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    committer = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+    if parser.check('from'):
+        from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+        parser.next()
+    if parser.check('merge'):
+        merge_mark = parser.get_mark()
+        parser.next()
+        if parser.check('merge'):
+            die('octopus merges are not supported yet')
+
+    # fast-export adds an extra newline
+    if data[-1] == '\n':
+        data = data[:-1]
+
+    files = {}
+
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('M'):
+            t, m, mark_ref, path = line.split(' ', 3)
+            mark = int(mark_ref[1:])
+            f = { 'mode' : hgmode(m), 'data' : blob_marks[mark] }
+        elif parser.check('D'):
+            t, path = line.split(' ', 1)
+            f = { 'deleted' : True }
+        else:
+            die('Unknown file command: %s' % line)
+        path = c_style_unescape(path)
+        files[path] = f
+
+    # only export the commits if we are on an internal proxy repo
+    if dry_run and not peer:
+        parsed_refs[ref] = None
+        return
+
+    def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
+        of = files[f]
+        if 'deleted' in of:
+            raise IOError
+        if 'ctx' in of:
+            return of['ctx']
+        is_exec = of['mode'] == 'x'
+        is_link = of['mode'] == 'l'
+        rename = of.get('rename', None)
+        return context.memfilectx(f, of['data'],
+                is_link, is_exec, rename)
+
+    repo = parser.repo
+
+    user, date, tz = author
+    extra = {}
+
+    if committer != author:
+        extra['committer'] = "%s %u %u" % committer
+
+    if from_mark:
+        p1 = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+    else:
+        p1 = '0' * 40
+
+    if merge_mark:
+        p2 = mark_to_rev(merge_mark)
+    else:
+        p2 = '0' * 40
+
+    #
+    # If files changed from any of the parents, hg wants to know, but in git if
+    # nothing changed from the first parent, nothing changed.
+    #
+    if merge_mark:
+        get_merge_files(repo, p1, p2, files)
+
+    # Check if the ref is supposed to be a named branch
+    if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches/'):
+        branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+        extra['branch'] = hgref(branch)
+
+    if mode == 'hg':
+        i = data.find('\n--HG--\n')
+        if i >= 0:
+            tmp = data[i + len('\n--HG--\n'):].strip()
+            for k, v in [e.split(' : ', 1) for e in tmp.split('\n')]:
+                if k == 'rename':
+                    old, new = v.split(' => ', 1)
+                    files[new]['rename'] = old
+                elif k == 'branch':
+                    extra[k] = v
+                elif k == 'extra':
+                    ek, ev = v.split(' : ', 1)
+                    extra[ek] = urllib.unquote(ev)
+            data = data[:i]
+
+    ctx = context.memctx(repo, (p1, p2), data,
+            files.keys(), getfilectx,
+            user, (date, tz), extra)
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    node = hghex(repo.commitctx(ctx))
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    parsed_refs[ref] = node
+    marks.new_mark(node, commit_mark)
+
+def parse_reset(parser):
+    ref = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+    # ugh
+    if parser.check('commit'):
+        parse_commit(parser)
+        return
+    if not parser.check('from'):
+        return
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+
+    try:
+        rev = mark_to_rev(from_mark)
+    except KeyError:
+        rev = None
+    parsed_refs[ref] = rev
+
+def parse_tag(parser):
+    name = parser[1]
+    parser.next()
+    from_mark = parser.get_mark()
+    parser.next()
+    tagger = parser.get_author()
+    parser.next()
+    data = parser.get_data()
+    parser.next()
+
+    parsed_tags[name] = (tagger, data)
+
+def write_tag(repo, tag, node, msg, author):
+    branch = repo[node].branch()
+    tip = branch_tip(branch)
+    tip = repo[tip]
+
+    def getfilectx(repo, memctx, f):
+        try:
+            fctx = tip.filectx(f)
+            data = fctx.data()
+        except error.ManifestLookupError:
+            data = ""
+        content = data + "%s %s\n" % (node, tag)
+        return context.memfilectx(f, content, False, False, None)
+
+    p1 = tip.hex()
+    p2 = '0' * 40
+    if author:
+        user, date, tz = author
+        date_tz = (date, tz)
+    else:
+        cmd = ['git', 'var', 'GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT']
+        process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        output, _ = process.communicate()
+        m = re.match('^.* <.*>', output)
+        if m:
+            user = m.group(0)
+        else:
+            user = repo.ui.username()
+        date_tz = None
+
+    ctx = context.memctx(repo, (p1, p2), msg,
+            ['.hgtags'], getfilectx,
+            user, date_tz, {'branch' : branch})
+
+    tmp = encoding.encoding
+    encoding.encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+    tagnode = repo.commitctx(ctx)
+
+    encoding.encoding = tmp
+
+    return (tagnode, branch)
+
+def checkheads_bmark(repo, ref, ctx):
+    bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+    if not bmark in bmarks:
+        # new bmark
+        return True
+
+    ctx_old = bmarks[bmark]
+    ctx_new = ctx
+    if not repo.changelog.descendant(ctx_old.rev(), ctx_new.rev()):
+        if force_push:
+            print "ok %s forced update" % ref
+        else:
+            print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+def checkheads(repo, remote, p_revs):
+
+    remotemap = remote.branchmap()
+    if not remotemap:
+        # empty repo
+        return True
+
+    new = {}
+    ret = True
+
+    for node, ref in p_revs.iteritems():
+        ctx = repo[node]
+        branch = ctx.branch()
+        if not branch in remotemap:
+            # new branch
+            continue
+        if not ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches'):
+            if ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+                if not checkheads_bmark(repo, ref, ctx):
+                    ret = False
+
+            # only check branches
+            continue
+        new.setdefault(branch, []).append(ctx.rev())
+
+    for branch, heads in new.iteritems():
+        old = [repo.changelog.rev(x) for x in remotemap[branch]]
+        for rev in heads:
+            if check_version(2, 3):
+                ancestors = repo.changelog.ancestors([rev], stoprev=min(old))
+            else:
+                ancestors = repo.changelog.ancestors(rev)
+            found = False
+
+            for x in old:
+                if x in ancestors:
+                    found = True
+                    break
+
+            if found:
+                continue
+
+            node = repo.changelog.node(rev)
+            ref = p_revs[node]
+            if force_push:
+                print "ok %s forced update" % ref
+            else:
+                print "error %s non-fast forward" % ref
+                ret = False
+
+    return ret
+
+def push_unsafe(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+
+    force = force_push
+
+    fci = discovery.findcommonincoming
+    commoninc = fci(repo, remote, force=force)
+    common, _, remoteheads = commoninc
+
+    if not checkheads(repo, remote, p_revs):
+        return None
+
+    cg = repo.getbundle('push', heads=list(p_revs), common=common)
+
+    unbundle = remote.capable('unbundle')
+    if unbundle:
+        if force:
+            remoteheads = ['force']
+        return remote.unbundle(cg, remoteheads, 'push')
+    else:
+        return remote.addchangegroup(cg, 'push', repo.url())
+
+def push(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+    if hasattr(remote, 'canpush') and not remote.canpush():
+        print "error cannot push"
+
+    if not p_revs:
+        # nothing to push
+        return
+
+    lock = None
+    unbundle = remote.capable('unbundle')
+    if not unbundle:
+        lock = remote.lock()
+    try:
+        ret = push_unsafe(repo, remote, parsed_refs, p_revs)
+    finally:
+        if lock is not None:
+            lock.release()
+
+    return ret
+
+def check_tip(ref, kind, name, heads):
+    try:
+        ename = '%s/%s' % (kind, name)
+        tip = marks.get_tip(ename)
+    except KeyError:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return tip in heads
+
+def do_export(parser):
+    p_bmarks = []
+    p_revs = {}
+
+    parser.next()
+
+    for line in parser.each_block('done'):
+        if parser.check('blob'):
+            parse_blob(parser)
+        elif parser.check('commit'):
+            parse_commit(parser)
+        elif parser.check('reset'):
+            parse_reset(parser)
+        elif parser.check('tag'):
+            parse_tag(parser)
+        elif parser.check('feature'):
+            pass
+        else:
+            die('unhandled export command: %s' % line)
+
+    need_fetch = False
+
+    for ref, node in parsed_refs.iteritems():
+        bnode = hgbin(node) if node else None
+        if ref.startswith('refs/heads/branches'):
+            branch = ref[len('refs/heads/branches/'):]
+            if branch in branches and bnode in branches[branch]:
+                # up to date
+                continue
+
+            if peer:
+                remotemap = peer.branchmap()
+                if remotemap and branch in remotemap:
+                    heads = [hghex(e) for e in remotemap[branch]]
+                    if not check_tip(ref, 'branches', branch, heads):
+                        print "error %s fetch first" % ref
+                        need_fetch = True
+                        continue
+
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/heads/'):
+            bmark = ref[len('refs/heads/'):]
+            new = node
+            old = bmarks[bmark].hex() if bmark in bmarks else ''
+
+            if old == new:
+                continue
+
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+            if bmark != fake_bmark and \
+                    not (bmark == 'master' and bmark not in parser.repo._bookmarks):
+                p_bmarks.append((ref, bmark, old, new))
+
+            if peer:
+                remote_old = peer.listkeys('bookmarks').get(bmark)
+                if remote_old:
+                    if not check_tip(ref, 'bookmarks', bmark, remote_old):
+                        print "error %s fetch first" % ref
+                        need_fetch = True
+                        continue
+
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
+        elif ref.startswith('refs/tags/'):
+            if dry_run:
+                print "ok %s" % ref
+                continue
+            tag = ref[len('refs/tags/'):]
+            tag = hgref(tag)
+            author, msg = parsed_tags.get(tag, (None, None))
+            if mode == 'git':
+                if not msg:
+                    msg = 'Added tag %s for changeset %s' % (tag, node[:12])
+                tagnode, branch = write_tag(parser.repo, tag, node, msg, author)
+                p_revs[tagnode] = 'refs/heads/branches/' + gitref(branch)
+            else:
+                fp = parser.repo.opener('localtags', 'a')
+                fp.write('%s %s\n' % (node, tag))
+                fp.close()
+            p_revs[bnode] = ref
+            print "ok %s" % ref
+        else:
+            # transport-helper/fast-export bugs
+            continue
+
+    if need_fetch:
+        print
+        return
+
+    if dry_run:
+        if peer and not force_push:
+            checkheads(parser.repo, peer, p_revs)
+        print
+        return
+
+    if peer:
+        if not push(parser.repo, peer, parsed_refs, p_revs):
+            # do not update bookmarks
+            print
+            return
+
+        # update remote bookmarks
+        remote_bmarks = peer.listkeys('bookmarks')
+        for ref, bmark, old, new in p_bmarks:
+            if force_push:
+                old = remote_bmarks.get(bmark, '')
+            if not peer.pushkey('bookmarks', bmark, old, new):
+                print "error %s" % ref
+    else:
+        # update local bookmarks
+        for ref, bmark, old, new in p_bmarks:
+            if not bookmarks.pushbookmark(parser.repo, bmark, old, new):
+                print "error %s" % ref
+
+    print
+
+def do_option(parser):
+    global dry_run, force_push
+    _, key, value = parser.line.split(' ')
+    if key == 'dry-run':
+        dry_run = (value == 'true')
+        print 'ok'
+    elif key == 'force':
+        force_push = (value == 'true')
+        print 'ok'
+    else:
+        print 'unsupported'
+
+def fix_path(alias, repo, orig_url):
+    url = urlparse.urlparse(orig_url, 'file')
+    if url.scheme != 'file' or os.path.isabs(os.path.expanduser(url.path)):
+        return
+    abs_url = urlparse.urljoin("%s/" % os.getcwd(), orig_url)
+    cmd = ['git', 'config', 'remote.%s.url' % alias, "hg::%s" % abs_url]
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+def main(args):
+    global prefix, gitdir, dirname, branches, bmarks
+    global marks, blob_marks, parsed_refs
+    global peer, mode, bad_mail, bad_name
+    global track_branches, force_push, is_tmp
+    global parsed_tags
+    global filenodes
+    global fake_bmark, hg_version
+    global dry_run
+    global notes, alias
+
+    alias = args[1]
+    url = args[2]
+    peer = None
+
+    hg_git_compat = get_config_bool('remote-hg.hg-git-compat')
+    track_branches = get_config_bool('remote-hg.track-branches', True)
+    force_push = False
+
+    if hg_git_compat:
+        mode = 'hg'
+        bad_mail = 'none@none'
+        bad_name = ''
+    else:
+        mode = 'git'
+        bad_mail = 'unknown'
+        bad_name = 'Unknown'
+
+    if alias[4:] == url:
+        is_tmp = True
+        alias = hashlib.sha1(alias).hexdigest()
+    else:
+        is_tmp = False
+
+    gitdir = os.environ['GIT_DIR']
+    dirname = os.path.join(gitdir, 'hg', alias)
+    branches = {}
+    bmarks = {}
+    blob_marks = {}
+    parsed_refs = {}
+    marks = None
+    parsed_tags = {}
+    filenodes = {}
+    fake_bmark = None
+    try:
+        hg_version = tuple(int(e) for e in util.version().split('.'))
+    except:
+        hg_version = None
+    dry_run = False
+    notes = set()
+
+    repo = get_repo(url, alias)
+    prefix = 'refs/hg/%s' % alias
+
+    if not is_tmp:
+        fix_path(alias, peer or repo, url)
+
+    marks_path = os.path.join(dirname, 'marks-hg')
+    marks = Marks(marks_path, repo)
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        import msvcrt
+        msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
+
+    parser = Parser(repo)
+    for line in parser:
+        if parser.check('capabilities'):
+            do_capabilities(parser)
+        elif parser.check('list'):
+            do_list(parser)
+        elif parser.check('import'):
+            do_import(parser)
+        elif parser.check('export'):
+            do_export(parser)
+        elif parser.check('option'):
+            do_option(parser)
+        else:
+            die('unhandled command: %s' % line)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+def bye():
+    if not marks:
+        return
+    if not is_tmp:
+        marks.store()
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
+
+atexit.register(bye)
+sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c50251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-bzr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-bzr'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import bzrlib'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-bzr tests; bzr not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+check () {
+	echo $3 >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git log --format='%s' -1 $2 >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+bzr whoami "A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning' '
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git pull) &&
+
+	check gitrepo HEAD two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing' '
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	echo three >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'roundtrip' '
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git log --format="%s" -1 origin/master >actual
+	) &&
+	echo three >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git push && git pull) &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	bzr commit -m four
+	) &&
+
+	(cd gitrepo && git pull && git push) &&
+
+	check gitrepo HEAD four &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -a -m five &&
+	git push && git pull
+	) &&
+
+	(cd bzrrepo && bzr revert) &&
+
+	echo five >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'special modes' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo exec >executable
+	chmod +x executable &&
+	bzr add executable
+	bzr commit -m exec &&
+	ln -s content link
+	bzr add link
+	bzr commit -m link &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	bzr add dir &&
+	bzr commit -m dir
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull
+	git ls-tree HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD:link >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	printf content >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob 54f9d6da5c91d556e6b54340b1327573073030af	content
+100755 blob 68769579c3eaadbe555379b9c3538e6628bae1eb	executable
+120000 blob 6b584e8ece562ebffc15d38808cd6b98fc3d97ea	link
+040000 tree 35c0caa46693cef62247ac89a680f0c5ce32b37b	movedir-new
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'moving directory' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	mkdir movedir &&
+	echo one >movedir/one &&
+	echo two >movedir/two &&
+	bzr add movedir &&
+	bzr commit -m movedir &&
+	bzr mv movedir movedir-new &&
+	bzr commit -m movedir-new
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git ls-tree HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'different authors' '
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo john >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m john \
+	  --author "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>" \
+	  --author "John Doe <jdoe@example.com>"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git pull &&
+	git show --format="%an <%ae>, %cn <%ce>" --quiet >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	echo "Jane Rey <jrey@example.com>, A U Thor <author@example.com>" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch utf-8 filenames' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	bzr add "ærø" &&
+	echo test >>"ø~?" &&
+	bzr add "ø~?" &&
+	bzr commit -m add-utf-8 &&
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	bzr commit -m test-utf-8 &&
+	bzr rm "ø~?" &&
+	bzr mv "ærø" "ø~?" &&
+	bzr commit -m bzr-mv-utf-8
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git -c core.quotepath=false ls-files >../actual
+	) &&
+	echo "ø~?" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push utf-8 filenames' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C" &&
+
+	mkdir -p tmp && cd tmp &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo test >>"ærø" &&
+	git add "ærø" &&
+	git commit -m utf-8 &&
+
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	(cd bzrrepo && bzr ls >../actual) &&
+	printf "content\nærø\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a merge' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git merge origin/master || true &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -a --no-edit &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	echo three >expected &&
+	cat bzrrepo/content >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+origin/HEAD
+origin/branch
+origin/trunk
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'proper bzr repo' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	bzr init-repo bzrrepo &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo/trunk &&
+	cd bzrrepo/trunk &&
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	bzr branch bzrrepo/trunk bzrrepo/branch &&
+	cd bzrrepo/branch &&
+	echo two >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/remotes/origin >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	bzr add content &&
+	bzr commit -m one &&
+
+	echo two >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "bzr::bzrrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	bzr uncommit --force &&
+
+	echo three >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m three &&
+
+	echo four >>content &&
+	bzr commit -m four &&
+	bzr log --line | sed -e "s/^[0-9][0-9]*: //" >../expected
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git log --format="%an %ad %s" --date=short origin/master >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'export utf-8 authors' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bzrrepo gitrepo && LC_ALL=C && unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" &&
+
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+	export LC_ALL
+
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Grégoire"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+
+	bzr init bzrrepo &&
+
+	(
+	git init gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo greg >>content &&
+	git add content &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git remote add bzr "bzr::../bzrrepo" &&
+	git push bzr
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd bzrrepo &&
+	bzr log | grep "^committer: " >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	echo "committer: Grégoire <committer@example.com>" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e24c51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-bidi.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test bidirectionality of remote-hg'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# clone to a git repo
+git_clone () {
+	git clone -q "hg::$1" $2
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo
+hg_clone () {
+	(
+	hg init $2 &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	git push -q "hg::../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	) &&
+
+	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
+}
+
+# push an hg repo
+hg_push () {
+	(
+	cd $2
+	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
+	git fetch -q "hg::../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git checkout -q @{-1} &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2>/dev/null || true
+	)
+}
+
+hg_log () {
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+	echo "[defaults]"
+	echo "backout = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "commit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "debugrawcommit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "tag = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+	git config --global remote-hg.track-branches true
+
+	HGEDITOR=/usr/bin/true
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'encoding' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+
+	echo gamma >gamma &&
+	git add gamma &&
+	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
+
+	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
+	echo delta >delta &&
+	git add delta &&
+	git commit -m "add déltà"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file removal' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo blah >foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "add foo" &&
+	git rm alpha &&
+	git commit -m "remove alpha" &&
+	git rm foo/bar &&
+	git commit -m "remove foo/bar"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tags' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git tag alpha &&
+
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
+	) &&
+
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+	git_clone hgrepo gitrepo2 &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo2 hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
+	git checkout -q -b not-master
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg -q co default &&
+	hg mv alpha beta &&
+	hg -q commit -m "rename alpha to beta" &&
+	hg branch gamma | grep -v "permanent and global" &&
+	hg -q commit -m "started branch gamma"
+	) &&
+
+	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
+
+	: Back to the common revision &&
+	(cd hgrepo && hg checkout default) &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git checkout -q -b not-master
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo &&
+
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg co default &&
+	hg tag alpha
+	) &&
+
+	hg_push hgrepo gitrepo &&
+	hg_clone gitrepo hgrepo2 &&
+
+	hg_log hgrepo >expected &&
+	hg_log hgrepo2 >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6dcd95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg-hg-git.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-hg output compared to hg-git'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import hggit'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; hg-git not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# clone to a git repo with git
+git_clone_git () {
+	git clone -q "hg::$1" $2 &&
+	(cd $2 && git checkout master && git branch -D default)
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo with git
+hg_clone_git () {
+	(
+	hg init $2 &&
+	hg -R $2 bookmark -i master &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	git push -q "hg::../$2" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*'
+	) &&
+
+	(cd $2 && hg -q update)
+}
+
+# clone to a git repo with hg
+git_clone_hg () {
+	(
+	git init -q $2 &&
+	cd $1 &&
+	hg bookmark -i -f -r tip master &&
+	hg -q push -r master ../$2 || true
+	)
+}
+
+# clone to an hg repo with hg
+hg_clone_hg () {
+	hg -q clone $1 $2
+}
+
+# push an hg repo with git
+hg_push_git () {
+	(
+	cd $2
+	git checkout -q -b tmp &&
+	git fetch -q "hg::../$1" 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' &&
+	git branch -D default &&
+	git checkout -q @{-1} &&
+	git branch -q -D tmp 2>/dev/null || true
+	)
+}
+
+# push an hg git repo with hg
+hg_push_hg () {
+	(
+	cd $1 &&
+	hg -q push ../$2 || true
+	)
+}
+
+hg_log () {
+	hg -R $1 log --graph --debug >log &&
+	grep -v 'tag: *default/' log
+}
+
+git_log () {
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git fast-export --branches
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+	echo "[defaults]"
+	echo "backout = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "commit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "debugrawcommit = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "tag = -d \"0 0\""
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "hgext.bookmarks ="
+	echo "hggit ="
+	echo "graphlog ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+	git config --global receive.denycurrentbranch warn
+	git config --global remote-hg.hg-git-compat true
+	git config --global remote-hg.track-branches false
+
+	HGEDITOR=true
+	HGMERGE=true
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230"
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+	export HGEDITOR HGMERGE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'executable bit' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	chmod 0755 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "set executable bit" &&
+	chmod 0644 alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "clear executable bit"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -r 1 -v &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) >"output-$x" &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	ln -s alpha beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -v
+		) >"output-$x" &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge conflict 1' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A >afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r1 &&
+	echo C >afile &&
+	hg resolve -m afile &&
+	hg ci -m "merge to C"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge conflict 2' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A >afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r1 || true &&
+	echo B >afile &&
+	hg resolve -m afile &&
+	hg ci -m "merge to B"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'converged merge' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo1 &&
+	cd hgrepo1 &&
+	echo A >afile &&
+	hg add afile &&
+	hg ci -m "origin" &&
+
+	echo B >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->B" &&
+
+	echo C >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "B->C" &&
+
+	hg up -r0 &&
+	echo C >afile &&
+	hg ci -m "A->C" &&
+
+	hg merge -r2 || true &&
+	hg ci -m "merge"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo1 gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'encoding' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add älphà" &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="tést èncödîng" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+
+	echo gamma >gamma &&
+	git add gamma &&
+	git commit -m "add gämmâ" &&
+
+	: TODO git config i18n.commitencoding latin-1 &&
+	echo delta >delta &&
+	git add delta &&
+	git commit -m "add déltà"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+
+		HGENCODING=utf-8 hg_log hgrepo-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file removal' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta"
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo blah >foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "add foo" &&
+	git rm alpha &&
+	git commit -m "remove alpha" &&
+	git rm foo/bar &&
+	git commit -m "remove foo/bar"
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log . &&
+		hg manifest -r 3 &&
+		hg manifest
+		) >"output-$x" &&
+
+		git_clone_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo2-$x &&
+		git_log gitrepo2-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git &&
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tags' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git init -q gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore &&
+	echo alpha >alpha &&
+	git add alpha &&
+	git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+	git tag alpha &&
+
+	echo beta >beta &&
+	git add beta &&
+	git commit -m "add beta" &&
+	git tag -a -m "added tag beta" beta
+	) &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg_log hgrepo-$x >"log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp log-hg log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg author' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		hg co master &&
+		echo beta >beta &&
+		hg add beta &&
+		hg commit -u "test" -m "add beta" &&
+
+		echo gamma >>beta &&
+		hg commit -u "test <test@example.com> (comment)" -m "modify beta" &&
+
+		echo gamma >gamma &&
+		hg add gamma &&
+		hg commit -u "<test@example.com>" -m "add gamma" &&
+
+		echo delta >delta &&
+		hg add delta &&
+		hg commit -u "name<test@example.com>" -m "add delta" &&
+
+		echo epsilon >epsilon &&
+		hg add epsilon &&
+		hg commit -u "name <test@example.com" -m "add epsilon" &&
+
+		echo zeta >zeta &&
+		hg add zeta &&
+		hg commit -u " test " -m "add zeta" &&
+
+		echo eta >eta &&
+		hg add eta &&
+		hg commit -u "test < test@example.com >" -m "add eta" &&
+
+		echo theta >theta &&
+		hg add theta &&
+		hg commit -u "test >test@example.com>" -m "add theta" &&
+
+		echo iota >iota &&
+		hg add iota &&
+		hg commit -u "test <test <at> example <dot> com>" -m "add iota"
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg branch' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -q -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg -q co master &&
+		hg mv alpha beta &&
+		hg -q commit -m "rename alpha to beta" &&
+		hg branch gamma | grep -v "permanent and global" &&
+		hg -q commit -m "started branch gamma"
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x >"hg-log-$x" &&
+		git_log gitrepo-$x >"git-log-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp hg-log-hg hg-log-git &&
+	test_cmp git-log-hg git-log-git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hg tags' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo* hgrepo*" &&
+
+	for x in hg git
+	do
+		(
+		git init -q gitrepo-$x &&
+		cd gitrepo-$x &&
+
+		echo alpha >alpha &&
+		git add alpha &&
+		git commit -m "add alpha" &&
+		git checkout -q -b not-master
+		) &&
+
+		(
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo-$x &&
+
+		cd hgrepo-$x &&
+		hg co master &&
+		hg tag alpha
+		) &&
+
+		hg_push_$x hgrepo-$x gitrepo-$x &&
+		hg_clone_$x gitrepo-$x hgrepo2-$x &&
+
+		(
+		git --git-dir=gitrepo-$x/.git tag -l &&
+		hg_log hgrepo2-$x &&
+		cat hgrepo2-$x/.hgtags
+		) >"output-$x"
+	done &&
+
+	test_cmp output-hg output-git
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..72f745d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/test-hg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+# Base commands from hg-git tests:
+# https://bitbucket.org/durin42/hg-git/src
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-hg'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if ! python -c 'import mercurial'
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-hg tests; mercurial not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+check () {
+	echo $3 >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=$1/.git log --format='%s' -1 $2 >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+check_branch () {
+	if test -n "$3"
+	then
+		echo $3 >expected &&
+		hg -R $1 log -r $2 --template '{desc}\n' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	else
+		hg -R $1 branches >out &&
+		! grep $2 out
+	fi
+}
+
+check_bookmark () {
+	if test -n "$3"
+	then
+		echo $3 >expected &&
+		hg -R $1 log -r "bookmark('$2')" --template '{desc}\n' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	else
+		hg -R $1 bookmarks >out &&
+		! grep $2 out
+	fi
+}
+
+check_push () {
+	local expected_ret=$1 ret=0 ref_ret=0 IFS=':'
+
+	shift
+	git push origin "$@" 2>error
+	ret=$?
+	cat error
+
+	while read branch kind
+	do
+		case "$kind" in
+		'new')
+			grep "^ \* \[new branch\] *${branch} -> ${branch}$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'non-fast-forward')
+			grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *${branch} -> ${branch} (non-fast-forward)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'fetch-first')
+			grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *${branch} -> ${branch} (fetch first)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'forced-update')
+			grep "^ + [a-f0-9]*\.\.\.[a-f0-9]* *${branch} -> ${branch} (forced update)$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		'')
+			grep "^   [a-f0-9]*\.\.[a-f0-9]* *${branch} -> ${branch}$" error || ref_ret=1
+			;;
+		esac
+		test $ref_ret -ne 0 && echo "match for '$branch' failed" && break
+	done
+
+	if test $expected_ret -ne $ret -o $ref_ret -ne 0
+	then
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+setup () {
+	(
+	echo "[ui]"
+	echo "username = H G Wells <wells@example.com>"
+	echo "[extensions]"
+	echo "mq ="
+	) >>"$HOME"/.hgrc &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2007-01-01 00:00:00 +0230" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" &&
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+}
+
+setup
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD zero
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with branches' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg branch next &&
+	echo next >content &&
+	hg commit -m next
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo origin/branches/next next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with bookmarks' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout default &&
+	hg bookmark feature-a &&
+	echo feature-a >content &&
+	hg commit -m feature-a
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo origin/feature-a feature-a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark devel
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet devel &&
+	echo devel >content &&
+	git commit -a -m devel &&
+	git push --quiet
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo devel devel
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-b &&
+	echo feature-b >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-b &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-b
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-b feature-b
+'
+
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf hgrepo
+
+author_test () {
+	echo $1 >>content &&
+	hg commit -u "$2" -m "add $1" &&
+	echo "$3" >>../expected
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'authors' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+
+	touch content &&
+	hg add content &&
+
+	>../expected &&
+	author_test alpha "" "H G Wells <wells@example.com>" &&
+	author_test beta "test" "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test beta "test <test@example.com> (comment)" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test gamma "<test@example.com>" "Unknown <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test delta "name<test@example.com>" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test epsilon "name <test@example.com" "name <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test zeta " test " "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test eta "test < test@example.com >" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test theta "test >test@example.com>" "test <test@example.com>" &&
+	author_test iota "test < test <at> example <dot> com>" "test <unknown>" &&
+	author_test kappa "test@example.com" "Unknown <test@example.com>"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	git --git-dir=gitrepo/.git log --reverse --format="%an <%ae>" >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+
+	echo one >>content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m one &&
+
+	echo two >>content &&
+	hg commit -m two
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg strip 1 &&
+
+	echo three >>content &&
+	hg commit -m three &&
+
+	echo four >>content &&
+	hg commit -m four
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git log --format="%s" origin/master >../actual
+	) &&
+
+	hg -R hgrepo log --template "{desc}\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push with master bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark master &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default two
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+changeset:   0:6e2126489d3d
+tag:         tip
+user:        A U Thor <author@example.com>
+date:        Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2007 +0230
+summary:     one
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push from master branch' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+
+	(
+	git init gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git remote add origin "hg::../hgrepo" &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	git add content &&
+	git commit -a -m one &&
+	git push origin master
+	) &&
+
+	hg -R hgrepo log >actual &&
+	cat actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one
+'
+
+GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE=1
+export GIT_REMOTE_HG_TEST_REMOTE
+
+test_expect_success 'remote cloning' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	check gitrepo HEAD zero
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote update bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark devel
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet devel &&
+	echo devel >content &&
+	git commit -a -m devel &&
+	git push --quiet
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo devel devel
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote new bookmark' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-b &&
+	echo feature-b >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-b &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-b
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-b feature-b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote push diverged' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout default &&
+	echo bump >content &&
+	hg commit -m bump
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo diverge >content &&
+	git commit -a -m diverged &&
+	check_push 1 <<-\EOF
+	master:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default bump
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote update bookmark diverge' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg checkout tip^ &&
+	hg bookmark diverge
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo "bump bookmark" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bump bookmark"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet diverge &&
+	echo diverge >content &&
+	git commit -a -m diverge &&
+	check_push 1 <<-\EOF
+	diverge:fetch-first
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo diverge "bump bookmark"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote new bookmark multiple branch head' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git checkout --quiet -b feature-c HEAD^ &&
+	echo feature-c >content &&
+	git commit -a -m feature-c &&
+	git push --quiet origin feature-c
+	) &&
+
+	check_bookmark hgrepo feature-c feature-c
+'
+
+# cleanup previous stuff
+rm -rf hgrepo
+
+setup_big_push () {
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark1 &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark2 &&
+	hg bookmark good_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark -i good_bmark &&
+	hg -q branch good_branch &&
+	echo "good branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "good branch" &&
+	hg -q branch bad_branch &&
+	echo "bad branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bad branch"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m two &&
+
+	git checkout -q good_bmark &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m three &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark1 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m four &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark2 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m five &&
+
+	git checkout -q -b new_bmark master &&
+	echo six >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m six &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/good_branch &&
+	echo seven >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m seven &&
+	echo eight >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m eight &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/bad_branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo nine >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m nine &&
+
+	git checkout -q -b branches/new_branch master &&
+	echo ten >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m ten
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'remote big push' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:non-fast-forward
+	bad_bmark2:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch "good branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch "bad branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch '' &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark ''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote big push fetch first' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	hg bookmark bad_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark good_bmark &&
+	hg bookmark -i good_bmark &&
+	hg -q branch good_branch &&
+	echo "good branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "good branch" &&
+	hg -q branch bad_branch &&
+	echo "bad branch" >content &&
+	hg commit -m "bad branch"
+	) &&
+
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+
+	(
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	hg bookmark -f bad_bmark &&
+	echo update_bmark >content &&
+	hg commit -m "update bmark"
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m two &&
+
+	git checkout -q good_bmark &&
+	echo three >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m three &&
+
+	git checkout -q bad_bmark &&
+	echo four >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m four &&
+
+	git checkout -q branches/bad_branch &&
+	echo five >content &&
+	git commit -q -a -m five &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF &&
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	bad_bmark:fetch-first
+	branches/bad_branch:festch-first
+	EOF
+
+	git fetch &&
+
+	check_push 1 --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	bad_bmark:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'remote big push force' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 0 --force --all <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:forced-update
+	bad_bmark2:forced-update
+	branches/bad_branch:forced-update
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default six &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch eight &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch nine &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch ten &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark three &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 four &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 five &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark six
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'remote big push dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	setup_big_push
+
+	(
+	cd gitrepo &&
+
+	check_push 1 --dry-run --all <<-\EOF &&
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	bad_bmark1:non-fast-forward
+	bad_bmark2:non-fast-forward
+	branches/bad_branch:non-fast-forward
+	EOF
+
+	check_push 0 --dry-run master good_bmark new_bmark branches/good_branch branches/new_branch <<-\EOF
+	master
+	good_bmark
+	branches/good_branch
+	new_bmark:new
+	branches/new_branch:new
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	check_branch hgrepo default one &&
+	check_branch hgrepo good_branch "good branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo bad_branch "bad branch" &&
+	check_branch hgrepo new_branch '' &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo good_bmark one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark1 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo bad_bmark2 one &&
+	check_bookmark hgrepo new_bmark ''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote double failed push' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf hgrepo gitrepo*" &&
+
+	(
+	hg init hgrepo &&
+	cd hgrepo &&
+	echo zero >content &&
+	hg add content &&
+	hg commit -m zero &&
+	echo one >content &&
+	hg commit -m one
+	) &&
+
+	(
+	git clone "hg::hgrepo" gitrepo &&
+	cd gitrepo &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo two >content &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
index 7e77c9d..91360a3 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
+++ b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 *~
+git-subtree
 git-subtree.xml
 git-subtree.1
 mainline
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
index 05cdd5c..4030a16 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
@@ -21,21 +21,24 @@
 GIT_SUBTREE_DOC := git-subtree.1
 GIT_SUBTREE_XML := git-subtree.xml
 GIT_SUBTREE_TXT := git-subtree.txt
+GIT_SUBTREE_HTML := git-subtree.html
 
 all: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
 
 $(GIT_SUBTREE): $(GIT_SUBTREE_SH)
 	cp $< $@ && chmod +x $@
 
-doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
+doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC) $(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML)
 
 install: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(libexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(libexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(DESTDIR)$(libexecdir)
 
 install-doc: install-man
 
 install-man: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
-	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
 
 $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC): $(GIT_SUBTREE_XML)
 	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_NORMAL_XSL)  man $^
@@ -44,6 +47,10 @@
 	asciidoc -b docbook -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
 		-agit_version=$(gitver) $^
 
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML): $(GIT_SUBTREE_TXT)
+	asciidoc -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(gitver) $^
+
 test:
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ test
 
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
index 920c664..7d7af03 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
Binary files differ
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
index 0c44fda..e0957ee 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <refspec>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec>
 'git subtree' pull  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' push  -P <prefix> <repository> <refspec...>
 'git subtree' merge -P <prefix> <commit>
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
 	repository.
 	
 push::
-	Does a 'split' (see above) using the <prefix> supplied
+	Does a 'split' (see below) using the <prefix> supplied
 	and then does a 'git push' to push the result to the 
 	repository and refspec. This can be used to push your
 	subtree to different branches of the remote repository.
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@
 name
 
 You can omit the --squash flag, but doing so will increase the number
-of commits that are incldued in your local repository.
+of commits that are included in your local repository.
 
 We now have a ~/git-extensions/git-subtree directory containing code
 from the master branch of git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
index bc2eeb0..66ce4b0 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@
 	git log --pretty=format:%s -1
 }
 
-# 1
 test_expect_success 'init subproj' '
         test_create_repo subproj
 '
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd subproj
 
-# 2
 test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
         create sub1 &&
         git commit -m "sub1" &&
@@ -76,14 +74,16 @@
         git branch -m master subproj
 '
 
-# 3
+# Save this hash for testing later.
+
+subdir_hash=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2" &&
         git branch sub2
 '
 
-# 4
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3" &&
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 5
 test_expect_success 'add main4' '
         create main4 &&
         git commit -m "main4" &&
@@ -101,125 +100,107 @@
         git branch subdir
 '
 
-# 6
 test_expect_success 'fetch subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub1 &&
         git branch sub1 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 7
 test_expect_success 'no subtree exists in main tree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree merge --prefix=subdir sub1
 '
 
-# 8
 test_expect_success 'no pull from non-existant subtree' '
         test_must_fail git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj sub1
 '
 
-# 9
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for add' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir --message="Added subproject" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 10
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works as -m and --prefix as -P' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject using git subtree" sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject using git subtree" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 11
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works with squash too' '
         git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject with squash" --squash sub1 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject with squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 12
 test_expect_success 'add subproj to mainline' '
         git subtree add --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Add '"'subdir/'"' from commit '"'"'''"$(git rev-parse sub1)"'''"'"'"
 '
 
-# 13
 # this shouldn't actually do anything, since FETCH_HEAD is already a parent
 test_expect_success 'merge fetched subproj' '
         git merge -m "merge -s -ours" -s ours FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 14
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         create subdir/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 15
 test_expect_success 'add main6' '
         create main6 &&
         git commit -m "main6 boring"
 '
 
-# 16
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub7' '
         create subdir/main-sub7 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub7"
 '
 
-# 17
 test_expect_success 'fetch new subproj history' '
         git fetch ./subproj sub2 &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 18
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for merge' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject" sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 19
 test_expect_success 'check if --message for merge works with squash too' '
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject using squash" --squash sub2 &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject using squash" &&
         undo
 '
 
-# 20
 test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into subdir' '
         git subtree merge --prefix=subdir FETCH_HEAD &&
         git branch pre-split &&
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merge commit '"'"'"$(git rev-parse sub2)"'"'"' into mainline"
 '
 
-# 21
 test_expect_success 'Check that prefix argument is required for split' '
         echo "You must provide the --prefix option." > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split > actual 2>&1 &&
-        test_debug "echo -n expected: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat expected" &&
-        test_debug "echo -n actual: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat actual" &&
         test_cmp expected actual &&
         rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 22
 test_expect_success 'Check that the <prefix> exists for a split' '
         echo "'"'"'non-existent-directory'"'"'" does not exist\; use "'"'"'git subtree add'"'"'" > expected &&
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix=non-existent-directory > actual 2>&1 &&
-        test_debug "echo -n expected: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat expected" &&
-        test_debug "echo -n actual: " &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
         test_debug "cat actual" &&
         test_cmp expected actual
 #        rm -f expected actual
 '
 
-# 23
 test_expect_success 'check if --message works for split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl1 "$spl1" &&
@@ -227,15 +208,24 @@
         undo
 '
 
-# 24
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch' '
-        spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
-        undo &&
-        git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
-        check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
 '
 
-# 25
+test_expect_success 'check hash of split' '
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --prefix subdir) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch splitbr1test &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1test)"'' "$spl1"
+	git checkout splitbr1test &&
+	new_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
+	git checkout mainline &&
+	check_equal ''"$new_hash"'' "$subdir_hash"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an existing branch' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -244,13 +234,10 @@
         check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr2)"'' "$spl1"
 '
 
-# 26
 test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an incompatible branch' '
         test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch subdir
 '
 
-
-# 27
 test_expect_success 'check split+rejoin' '
         spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
         undo &&
@@ -258,7 +245,6 @@
         check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Split '"'"'subdir/'"'"' into commit '"'"'"$spl1"'"'"'"
 '
 
-# 28
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub8' '
         create subdir/main-sub8 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub8"
@@ -267,14 +253,12 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 29
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl1 &&
         git branch spl1 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git merge FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
-# 30
 test_expect_success 'add sub9' '
         create sub9 &&
         git commit -m "sub9"
@@ -283,19 +267,16 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 31
 test_expect_success 'split for sub8' '
         split2=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir/ --rejoin)"''
         git branch split2 "$split2"
 '
 
-# 32
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub10' '
         create subdir/main-sub10 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub10"
 '
 
-# 33
 test_expect_success 'split for sub10' '
         spl3=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --rejoin)"'' &&
         git branch spl3 "$spl3"
@@ -304,7 +285,6 @@
 # To the subproject!
 cd ./subproj
 
-# 34
 test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
         git fetch .. spl3 &&
         git branch spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -318,13 +298,11 @@
 chks="sub1 sub2 sub3 sub9"
 chks_sub=$(echo $chks | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
 
-# 35
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the subproj' '
         subfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$subfiles" "$chkms $chks"
 '
 
-# 36
 test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj history *only* contains commits that affect the subdir' '
         allchanges=''"$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:'"''"' | sort | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$allchanges" "$chkms $chks"
@@ -333,20 +311,17 @@
 # Back to mainline
 cd ..
 
-# 37
 test_expect_success 'pull from subproj' '
         git fetch ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3 &&
         git branch subproj-merge-spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3
 '
 
-# 38
 test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the mainline' '
         mainfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
         check_equal "$mainfiles" "$chkm $chkms_sub $chks_sub"
 '
 
-# 39
 test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire history' '
         # main-sub?? and /subdir/main-sub?? both change, because those are the
         # changes that were split into their own history.  And subdir/sub?? never
@@ -355,12 +330,10 @@
         check_equal "$allchanges" ''"$(echo $chkms $chkm $chks $chkms_sub | multiline | sort | fixnl)"''
 '
 
-# 40
 test_expect_success 'make sure the --rejoin commits never make it into subproj' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s'"' HEAD^2 | grep -i split)"'' ""
 '
 
-# 41
 test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subproj' '
         # They are meaningless to subproj since one side of the merge refers to the mainline
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s%n%b'"' HEAD^2 | grep "git-subtree.*:")"'' ""
@@ -370,14 +343,12 @@
 mkdir test2
 cd test2
 
-# 42
 test_expect_success 'init main' '
         test_create_repo main
 '
 
 cd main
 
-# 43
 test_expect_success 'add main1' '
         create main1 &&
         git commit -m "main1"
@@ -385,14 +356,12 @@
 
 cd ..
 
-# 44
 test_expect_success 'init sub' '
         test_create_repo sub
 '
 
 cd sub
 
-# 45
 test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
         create sub2 &&
         git commit -m "sub2"
@@ -402,7 +371,6 @@
 
 # check if split can find proper base without --onto
 
-# 46
 test_expect_success 'add sub as subdir in main' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD &&
@@ -411,7 +379,6 @@
 
 cd ../sub
 
-# 47
 test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
         create sub3 &&
         git commit -m "sub3"
@@ -419,20 +386,17 @@
 
 cd ../main
 
-# 48
 test_expect_success 'merge from sub' '
         git fetch ../sub master &&
         git branch sub3 FETCH_HEAD &&
         git subtree merge --prefix subdir sub3
 '
 
-# 49
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub4' '
         create subdir/main-sub4 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub4"
 '
 
-# 50
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub4 without --onto' '
         git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch mainsub4
 '
@@ -442,23 +406,20 @@
 # have been sub3, but it was not, because its cache was not set to
 # itself)
 
-# 51
 test_expect_success 'check that the commit parent is sub3' '
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub4)"'' ''"$(git rev-parse sub3)"''
 '
 
-# 52
 test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
         mkdir subdir2 &&
         create subdir2/main-sub5 &&
         git commit -m "main-sub5"
 '
 
-# 53
 test_expect_success 'split for main-sub5 without --onto' '
         # also test that we still can split out an entirely new subtree
         # if the parent of the first commit in the tree is not empty,
-        # then the new subtree has accidently been attached to something
+	# then the new subtree has accidentally been attached to something
         git subtree split --prefix subdir2 --branch mainsub5 &&
         check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub5)"'' ""
 '
@@ -487,7 +448,6 @@
 	echo "$commit $all"
 }
 
-# 54
 test_expect_success 'verify one file change per commit' '
         x= &&
         list=''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'commit: %H'"' | joincommits)"'' &&
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
index 35db24f..f363505 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 {
 	if (svndump_init(NULL))
 		return 1;
-	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL);
+	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL, "refs/heads/master",
+			"refs/notes/svn/revs");
 	svndump_deinit();
 	svndump_reset();
 	return 0;
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e78a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""
+Simulates svnrdump by replaying an existing dump from a file, taking care
+of the specified revision range.
+To simulate incremental imports the environment variable SVNRMAX can be set
+to the highest revision that should be available.
+"""
+import sys, os
+
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+        # The limiter is the ValueError() calls. This may be too conservative
+        sys.stderr.write("svnrdump-sim.py: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def getrevlimit():
+        var = 'SVNRMAX'
+        if var in os.environ:
+                return os.environ[var]
+        return None
+
+def writedump(url, lower, upper):
+        if url.startswith('sim://'):
+                filename = url[6:]
+                if filename[-1] == '/': filename = filename[:-1] #remove terminating slash
+        else:
+                raise ValueError('sim:// url required')
+        f = open(filename, 'r');
+        state = 'header'
+        wroterev = False
+        while(True):
+                l = f.readline()
+                if l == '': break
+                if state == 'header' and l.startswith('Revision-number: '):
+                        state = 'prefix'
+                if state == 'prefix' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % lower:
+                        state = 'selection'
+                if not upper == 'HEAD' and state == 'selection' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % upper:
+                        break;
+
+                if state == 'header' or state == 'selection':
+                        if state == 'selection': wroterev = True
+                        sys.stdout.write(l)
+        return wroterev
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+        if not (len(sys.argv) in (3, 4, 5)):
+                print("usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER")
+                sys.exit(1)
+        if not sys.argv[1] == 'dump': raise NotImplementedError('only "dump" is suppported.')
+        url = sys.argv[2]
+        r = ('0', 'HEAD')
+        if len(sys.argv) == 4 and sys.argv[3][0:2] == '-r':
+                r = sys.argv[3][2:].lstrip().split(':')
+        if not getrevlimit() is None: r[1] = getrevlimit()
+        if writedump(url, r[0], r[1]): ret = 0
+        else: ret = 1
+        sys.exit(ret)
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
index fca1e17..8f16d06 100644
--- a/contrib/vim/README
+++ b/contrib/vim/README
@@ -17,16 +17,6 @@
 
   1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
   2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
-	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
-		\   setf gitsendemail |
-		\ endif
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
-		\   setf git |
-		\ endif
-	EOF
+
+	$ curl http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/filetype.vim |
+		sed -ne '/^" Git$/, /^$/ p' >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index 6602155..11a95fc 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -153,36 +153,13 @@
 
 static int has_cr_in_index(const char *path)
 {
-	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
 	int has_cr;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
+	data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	if (!data)
 		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	has_cr = memchr(data, '\r', sz) != NULL;
 	free(data);
 	return has_cr;
@@ -457,7 +434,7 @@
 
 static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
 
@@ -465,10 +442,8 @@
 	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
 	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "filter", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	name = var + 7;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
 		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -479,8 +454,6 @@
 		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
 	/*
 	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
 	 * the command line:
@@ -490,13 +463,13 @@
 	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
 	 */
 
-	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("clean", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("required", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("required", key)) {
 		drv->required = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -862,7 +835,7 @@
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/convert.h b/convert.h
index ec5fd69..0c2143c 100644
--- a/convert.h
+++ b/convert.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/credential-store.c b/credential-store.c
index 26f7589..f9146e5 100644
--- a/credential-store.c
+++ b/credential-store.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 	return c->username && c->password;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char * const usage[] = {
 		"git credential-store [options] <action>",
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 	umask(077);
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
 	if (argc != 1)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	op = argv[0];
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
index 9353271..0bfebb4 100644
--- a/ctype.c
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -11,18 +11,21 @@
 	D = GIT_DIGIT,
 	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
 	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
-	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC  /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
 };
 
-unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
 	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
 	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, P, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
 	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
 };
 
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index 4602b46..13608c0 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
-#define NI_MAXSERV 32
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
 #define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
 #endif
@@ -604,7 +600,7 @@
 
 static int execute(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
+	char *line = packet_buffer;
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
 
@@ -612,7 +608,7 @@
 		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
-	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	pktlen = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL, packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer), 0);
 	alarm(0);
 
 	len = strlen(line);
@@ -764,7 +760,7 @@
 		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
 		    ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
-	} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+	} else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
 
 		char *buf = addrbuf + 12;
@@ -1051,18 +1047,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
-static void sanitize_stdfds(void)
-{
-	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
-	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
-		fd = dup(fd);
-	if (fd == -1)
-		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
-	if (fd > 2)
-		close(fd);
-}
-
 #ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 
 struct credentials;
@@ -1294,11 +1278,11 @@
 			make_service_overridable(arg + 18, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index 57331ed..83b4166 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
 		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
 		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
 		 */
-		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+		if ((specified != -1) && (now + 10*24*3600 < specified))
 			return 0;
 		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
 		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
@@ -694,8 +694,14 @@
 
 	/* mktime uses local timezone */
 	*timestamp = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
-	if (*offset == -1)
-		*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
+	if (*offset == -1) {
+		time_t temp_time = mktime(&tm);
+		if ((time_t)*timestamp > temp_time) {
+			*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - temp_time) / 60;
+		} else {
+			*offset = -(int)((temp_time - (time_t)*timestamp) / 60);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (*timestamp == -1)
 		return -1;
@@ -705,6 +711,28 @@
 	return 0; /* success */
 }
 
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp)
+{
+	int errors = 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(date, "never") || !strcmp(date, "false"))
+		*timestamp = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(date, "all") || !strcmp(date, "now"))
+		/*
+		 * We take over "now" here, which usually translates
+		 * to the current timestamp.  This is because the user
+		 * really means to expire everything she has done in
+		 * the past, and by definition reflogs are the record
+		 * of the past, and there is nothing from the future
+		 * to be kept.
+		 */
+		*timestamp = ULONG_MAX;
+	else
+		*timestamp = approxidate_careful(date, &errors);
+
+	return errors;
+}
+
 int parse_date(const char *date, char *result, int maxlen)
 {
 	unsigned long timestamp;
@@ -879,7 +907,7 @@
 	const char *end = date;
 	int i;
 
-	while (isalpha(*++end));
+	while (isalpha(*++end))
 		;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
diff --git a/decorate.c b/decorate.c
index 2f8a63e..7cb5d29 100644
--- a/decorate.c
+++ b/decorate.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 		const struct object *base = old_hash[i].base;
 		void *decoration = old_hash[i].decoration;
 
-		if (!base)
+		if (!decoration)
 			continue;
 		insert_decoration(n, base, decoration);
 	}
diff --git a/diff-delta.c b/diff-delta.c
index 93385e1..3797ce6 100644
--- a/diff-delta.c
+++ b/diff-delta.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 		entries = 0xfffffffeU / RABIN_WINDOW;
 	}
 	hsize = entries / 4;
-	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize; i++);
 	hsize = 1 << i;
 	hmask = hsize - 1;
 
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index f35de0f..346cac6 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@
  * commits, untracked content and/or modified content).
  */
 static int match_stat_with_submodule(struct diff_options *diffopt,
-				      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
-				      unsigned ce_option, unsigned *dirty_submodule)
+				     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     struct stat *st, unsigned ce_option,
+				     unsigned *dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int changed = ce_match_stat(ce, st, ce_option);
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
@@ -86,10 +87,12 @@
 {
 	int entries, i;
 	int diff_unmerged_stage = revs->max_count;
-	int silent_on_removed = option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
 	unsigned ce_option = ((option & DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED)
 			      ? CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY : 0);
 
+	if (option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED)
+		handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(&revs->diffopt);
+
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "i/", "w/");
 
 	if (diff_unmerged_stage < 0)
@@ -136,8 +139,6 @@
 					perror(ce->name);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (silent_on_removed)
-					continue;
 				wt_mode = 0;
 			}
 			dpath->mode = wt_mode;
@@ -203,8 +204,6 @@
 				perror(ce->name);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (silent_on_removed)
-				continue;
 			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
 				       ce->sha1, !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1),
 				       ce->name, 0);
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@
 /* A file entry went away or appeared */
 static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 const char *prefix,
-				 struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				 const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid,
 				 unsigned int mode,
 				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@
 		       sha1, sha1_valid, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
-static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int get_stat_data(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 const unsigned char **sha1p,
 			 unsigned int *modep,
 			 int cached, int match_missing,
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@
 }
 
 static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
-			  struct cache_entry *new,
+			  const struct cache_entry *new,
 			  int cached, int match_missing)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -302,8 +301,8 @@
 }
 
 static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
-			 struct cache_entry *old,
-			 struct cache_entry *new,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 const struct cache_entry *new,
 			 int report_missing,
 			 int cached, int match_missing)
 {
@@ -362,8 +361,8 @@
  * give you the position and number of entries in the index).
  */
 static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-	struct cache_entry *idx,
-	struct cache_entry *tree)
+			   const struct cache_entry *idx,
+			   const struct cache_entry *tree)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 	int match_missing, cached;
@@ -423,10 +422,11 @@
  * the fairly complex unpack_trees() semantic requirements, including
  * the skipping, the path matching, the type conflict cases etc.
  */
-static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int oneway_diff(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 
 	/*
@@ -474,7 +474,6 @@
 	opts.dst_index = NULL;
 	opts.pathspec = &revs->diffopt.pathspec;
 	opts.pathspec->recursive = 1;
-	opts.pathspec->max_depth = -1;
 
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	return unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
@@ -500,7 +499,7 @@
 	struct rev_info revs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, opt->pathspec.raw);
+	copy_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, &opt->pathspec);
 	revs.diffopt = *opt;
 
 	if (diff_cache(&revs, tree_sha1, NULL, 1))
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 74da659..00a8eef 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 
 	if (!path || !strcmp(path, "/dev/null"))
 		*mode = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
 		*mode = 0;
 #endif
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 {
 	int i, prefixlen;
 	int no_index = 0;
-	unsigned options = 0;
+	unsigned deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used = 0;
 	const char *paths[2];
 
 	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
@@ -215,9 +215,21 @@
 		     path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i+1])))
 			return;
 	}
-	if (argc != i + 2)
+	if (argc != i + 2) {
+		if (!no_index) {
+			/*
+			 * There was no --no-index and there were not two
+			 * paths. It is possible that the user intended
+			 * to do an inside-repository operation.
+			 */
+			fprintf(stderr, "Not a git repository\n");
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"To compare two paths outside a working tree:\n");
+		}
+		/* Give the usage message for non-repository usage and exit. */
 		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
 		       no_index ? "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+	}
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc - 2; ) {
@@ -225,7 +237,7 @@
 		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
 			i++;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
-			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+			deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used = 1;
 			i++;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
@@ -260,6 +272,9 @@
 	revs->max_count = -2;
 	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
+	if (deprecated_show_diff_q_option_used)
+		handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(&revs->diffopt);
+
 	setup_diff_pager(&revs->diffopt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 374b235..e34bf97 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 static int diff_rename_limit_default = 400;
 static int diff_suppress_blank_empty;
 static int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_context_default = 3;
 static const char *diff_word_regex_cfg;
 static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
 int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 static int diff_stat_graph_width;
 static int diff_dirstat_permille_default = 30;
 static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
+static long diff_algorithm;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -68,26 +71,30 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params,
+static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params_string,
 				struct strbuf *errmsg)
 {
-	const char *p = params;
-	int p_len, ret = 0;
+	char *params_copy = xstrdup(params_string);
+	struct string_list params = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
 
-	while (*p) {
-		p_len = strchrnul(p, ',') - p;
-		if (!memcmp(p, "changes", p_len)) {
+	if (*params_copy)
+		string_list_split_in_place(&params, params_copy, ',', -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < params.nr; i++) {
+		const char *p = params.items[i].string;
+		if (!strcmp(p, "changes")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "lines", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "lines")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "files", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "files")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "noncumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "noncumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "cumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "cumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
 		} else if (isdigit(*p)) {
 			char *end;
@@ -99,27 +106,35 @@
 				while (isdigit(*++end))
 					; /* nothing */
 			}
-			if (end - p == p_len)
+			if (!*end)
 				options->dirstat_permille = permille;
 			else {
-				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"),
-					    p_len, p);
+				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"),
+					    p);
 				ret++;
 			}
 		} else {
-			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"),
-				    p_len, p);
+			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"), p);
 			ret++;
 		}
 
-		p += p_len;
-
-		if (*p)
-			p++; /* more parameters, swallow separator */
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&params, 0);
+	free(params_copy);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(value, "log"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
@@ -129,6 +144,21 @@
 	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
 }
 
+long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return -1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "myers") || !strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+		return 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+		return XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "patience"))
+		return XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "histogram"))
+		return XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 /*
  * These are to give UI layer defaults.
  * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
@@ -141,6 +171,12 @@
 		diff_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.context")) {
+		diff_context_default = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (diff_context_default < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renames")) {
 		diff_detect_rename_default = git_config_rename(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -169,6 +205,20 @@
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules"))
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&default_diff_options, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
+		if (parse_submodule_params(&default_diff_options, value))
+			warning(_("Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"),
+				value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.algorithm")) {
+		diff_algorithm = parse_algorithm_value(value);
+		if (diff_algorithm < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (git_color_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -375,12 +425,7 @@
 	int nofirst;
 	FILE *file = o->file;
 
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		assert(msg);
-		fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, file);
-	}
+	fputs(diff_line_prefix(o), file);
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
@@ -598,13 +643,7 @@
 	char *data_one, *data_two;
 	size_t size_one, size_two;
 	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
@@ -630,7 +669,7 @@
 	memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
 	ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 	ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 	ecbdata.opt = o;
 	if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
 		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
@@ -800,18 +839,14 @@
 	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
 			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
 		return;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
 	if (minus_len) {
@@ -935,14 +970,10 @@
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
 
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* special case: only removal */
 	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
@@ -1078,6 +1109,16 @@
 	return "";
 }
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	if (!opt->output_prefix)
+		return "";
+
+	msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+	return msgbuf->buf;
+}
+
 static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
@@ -1118,13 +1159,7 @@
 	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 	struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (ecbdata->header) {
 		fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
@@ -1229,6 +1264,7 @@
 	const char *new = b;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int pfx_adjust_for_slash;
 	int len_a = strlen(a);
 	int len_b = strlen(b);
 	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
@@ -1255,7 +1291,18 @@
 	old = a + len_a;
 	new = b + len_b;
 	sfx_length = 0;
-	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+	/*
+	 * If there is a common prefix, it must end in a slash.  In
+	 * that case we let this loop run 1 into the prefix to see the
+	 * same slash.
+	 *
+	 * If there is no common prefix, we cannot do this as it would
+	 * underrun the input strings.
+	 */
+	pfx_adjust_for_slash = (pfx_length ? 1 : 0);
+	while (a + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= old &&
+	       b + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= new &&
+	       *old == *new) {
 		if (*old == '/')
 			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
 		old--;
@@ -1448,16 +1495,11 @@
 	const char *reset, *add_c, *del_c;
 	const char *line_prefix = "";
 	int extra_shown = 0;
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 
 	if (data->nr == 0)
 		return;
 
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options, options->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
-
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(options);
 	count = options->stat_count ? options->stat_count : data->nr;
 
 	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
@@ -1523,7 +1565,7 @@
 	 * Binary files are displayed with "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes"
 	 * instead of the change count and graph. This part is treated
 	 * similarly to the graph part, except that it is not
-	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accomodate the
+	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accommodate the
 	 * guaranteed minimum width of the filename part and the
 	 * separators and this message, this message will "overflow"
 	 * making the line longer than the maximum width.
@@ -1641,9 +1683,7 @@
 		del = deleted;
 
 		if (graph_width <= max_change) {
-			int total = add + del;
-
-			total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
+			int total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
 			if (total < 2 && add && del)
 				/* width >= 2 due to the sanity check */
 				total = 2;
@@ -1709,12 +1749,7 @@
 			dels += deleted;
 		}
 	}
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-				options->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
+	fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
@@ -1728,12 +1763,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 
-		if (options->output_prefix) {
-			struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-			msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-		}
+		fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 
 		if (file->is_binary)
 			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
@@ -1775,13 +1805,7 @@
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
-	const char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	while (dir->nr) {
 		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
@@ -2031,15 +2055,10 @@
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	char *err;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(data->o);
-	if (data->o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = data->o->output_prefix(data->o,
-			data->o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(data->o);
 
 	if (line[0] == '+') {
 		unsigned bad;
@@ -2096,7 +2115,8 @@
 	return deflated;
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+				  const char *prefix)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -2157,7 +2177,8 @@
 	free(data);
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			     const char *prefix)
 {
 	fprintf(file, "%sGIT binary patch\n", prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two, prefix);
@@ -2218,28 +2239,23 @@
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	const char *lbl[2];
 	char *a_one, *b_two;
-	const char *set = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *meta = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 			(!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
+				line_prefix,
 				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
-				del, add, reset);
+				meta, del, add, reset);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2265,24 +2281,24 @@
 	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
-	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, meta, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 			must_show_header = 1;
 		}
 		if (xfrm_msg)
@@ -2356,7 +2372,7 @@
 		ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
 		ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 		if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
 			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
 		ecbdata.opt = o;
@@ -2568,7 +2584,7 @@
  */
 static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int want_file)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct stat st;
 	int pos, len;
 
@@ -2659,6 +2675,14 @@
 int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 {
 	int err = 0;
+	/*
+	 * demote FAIL to WARN to allow inspecting the situation
+	 * instead of refusing.
+	 */
+	enum safe_crlf crlf_warn = (safe_crlf == SAFE_CRLF_FAIL
+				    ? SAFE_CRLF_WARN
+				    : safe_crlf);
+
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(s))
 		die("internal error: asking to populate invalid file.");
 	if (S_ISDIR(s->mode))
@@ -2714,7 +2738,7 @@
 		/*
 		 * Convert from working tree format to canonical git format
 		 */
-		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, crlf_warn)) {
 			size_t size = 0;
 			munmap(s->data, s->size);
 			s->should_munmap = 0;
@@ -2929,14 +2953,9 @@
 {
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
 	switch (p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
@@ -3179,13 +3198,14 @@
 	options->break_opt = -1;
 	options->rename_limit = -1;
 	options->dirstat_permille = diff_dirstat_permille_default;
-	options->context = 3;
+	options->context = diff_context_default;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 
 	options->change = diff_change;
 	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
 	options->use_color = diff_use_color_default;
 	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+	options->xdl_opts |= diff_algorithm;
 
 	if (diff_no_prefix) {
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
@@ -3199,6 +3219,9 @@
 {
 	int count = 0;
 
+	if (options->set_default)
+		options->set_default(options);
+
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
 		count++;
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
@@ -3475,6 +3498,101 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (parse_submodule_params(options, value))
+		die(_("Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"),
+			value);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const char diff_status_letters[] = {
+	DIFF_STATUS_ADDED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_COPIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_DELETED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN,
+	'\0',
+};
+
+static unsigned int filter_bit['Z' + 1];
+
+static void prepare_filter_bits(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_ADDED]) {
+		for (i = 0; diff_status_letters[i]; i++)
+			filter_bit[(int) diff_status_letters[i]] = (1 << i);
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned filter_bit_tst(char status, const struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	return opt->filter & filter_bit[(int) status];
+}
+
+static int parse_diff_filter_opt(const char *optarg, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, optch;
+
+	prepare_filter_bits();
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a negation e.g. 'd' in the input, and we haven't
+	 * initialized the filter field with another --diff-filter, start
+	 * from full set of bits, except for AON.
+	 */
+	if (!opt->filter) {
+		for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+			if (optch < 'a' || 'z' < optch)
+				continue;
+			opt->filter = (1 << (ARRAY_SIZE(diff_status_letters) - 1)) - 1;
+			opt->filter &= ~filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+		unsigned int bit;
+		int negate;
+
+		if ('a' <= optch && optch <= 'z') {
+			negate = 1;
+			optch = toupper(optch);
+		} else {
+			negate = 0;
+		}
+
+		bit = (0 <= optch && optch <= 'Z') ? filter_bit[optch] : 0;
+		if (!bit)
+			return optarg[i];
+		if (negate)
+			opt->filter &= ~bit;
+		else
+			opt->filter |= bit;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Used only by "diff-files" and "diff --no-index" */
+void handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	warning("'diff -q' and 'diff-files -q' are deprecated.");
+	warning("Use 'diff --diff-filter=d' instead to ignore deleted filepairs.");
+	parse_diff_filter_opt("d", opt);
+}
+
+static void enable_patch_output(int *fmt) {
+	*fmt &= ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	*fmt |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+}
+
 int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
@@ -3482,15 +3600,15 @@
 	int argcount;
 
 	/* Output format options */
-	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch")
+	    || opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--raw"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--shortstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT;
@@ -3512,13 +3630,14 @@
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-status"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s") || !strcmp(arg, "--no-patch"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat"))
 		/* --stat, --stat-width, --stat-name-width, or --stat-count */
@@ -3571,14 +3690,27 @@
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-at-eol"))
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-blank-lines"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_BLANK_LINES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patience"))
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--histogram"))
 		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-algorithm", av, &optarg))) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(optarg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return error("option diff-algorithm accepts \"myers\", "
+				     "\"minimal\", \"patience\" and \"histogram\"");
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		options->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		options->xdl_opts |= value;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 
 	/* flags options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, BINARY);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-index"))
@@ -3591,6 +3723,8 @@
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-follow"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
 		options->use_color = 1;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color=")) {
@@ -3655,10 +3789,8 @@
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg + 20);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
-		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
-			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule="))
+		return parse_submodule_opt(options, arg + 12);
 
 	/* misc options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
@@ -3685,7 +3817,10 @@
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-filter", av, &optarg))) {
-		options->filter = optarg;
+		int offending = parse_diff_filter_opt(optarg, options);
+		if (offending)
+			die("unknown change class '%c' in --diff-filter=%s",
+			    offending, optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
@@ -3865,12 +4000,8 @@
 {
 	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(opt->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
 
+	fprintf(opt->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(opt));
 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
 		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
@@ -4140,12 +4271,7 @@
 static void diff_summary(struct diff_options *opt, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	FILE *file = opt->file;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *buf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = buf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
@@ -4426,7 +4552,7 @@
 	    DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS)) {
 		/*
 		 * run diff_flush_patch for the exit status. setting
-		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, becaue we
+		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, because we
 		 * aren't supposed to produce any output anyway.
 		 */
 		if (options->close_file)
@@ -4446,13 +4572,9 @@
 
 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 		if (separator) {
-			if (options->output_prefix) {
-				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-				msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
-			}
-			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%c",
+				diff_line_prefix(options),
+				options->line_termination);
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
 				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
@@ -4490,27 +4612,32 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
+static int match_filter(const struct diff_options *options, const struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	return (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 ((p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN, options)) ||
+		  (!p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED, options)))) ||
+		((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 filter_bit_tst(p->status, options)));
+}
+
+static void diffcore_apply_filter(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
 	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
 
-	if (!filter)
+	if (!options->filter)
 		return;
 
-	if (strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON)) {
+	if (filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON, options)) {
 		int found;
 		for (i = found = 0; !found && i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, q->queue[i]))
 				found++;
 		}
 		if (found)
@@ -4528,14 +4655,7 @@
 		/* Only the matching ones */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, p))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -4642,7 +4762,7 @@
 	if (!options->found_follow)
 		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
 		diff_resolve_rename_copy();
-	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
+	diffcore_apply_filter(options);
 
 	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
@@ -4656,7 +4776,7 @@
 {
 	int result = 0;
 
-	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renamelimit",
+	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renameLimit",
 			       opt->needed_rename_limit,
 			       opt->degraded_cc_to_c);
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
@@ -4880,3 +5000,19 @@
 
 	return size;
 }
+
+void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code, then either they want --quiet
+	 * or --exit-code. We should definitely not bother with a pager in the
+	 * former case, as we will generate no output. Since we still properly
+	 * report our exit code even when a pager is run, we _could_ run a
+	 * pager with --exit-code. But since we have not done so historically,
+	 * and because it is easy to find people oneline advising "git diff
+	 * --exit-code" in hooks and other scripts, we do not do so.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
+		setup_pager();
+}
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index a658f85..e342325 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #define DIFF_H
 
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct rev_info;
 struct diff_options;
@@ -87,8 +88,9 @@
 #define DIFF_OPT_PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE (1 << 30)
 
 #define DIFF_OPT_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(opts, flag)    ((opts)->touched_flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
+#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
 #define DIFF_XDL_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts & XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts |= XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_##flag)
@@ -103,12 +105,16 @@
 };
 
 struct diff_options {
-	const char *filter;
 	const char *orderfile;
 	const char *pickaxe;
 	const char *single_follow;
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	unsigned flags;
+	unsigned touched_flags;
+
+	/* diff-filter bits */
+	unsigned int filter;
+
 	int use_color;
 	int context;
 	int interhunkcontext;
@@ -145,6 +151,8 @@
 	/* to support internal diff recursion by --follow hack*/
 	int found_follow;
 
+	void (*set_default)(struct diff_options *);
+
 	FILE *file;
 	int close_file;
 
@@ -174,10 +182,11 @@
 	diff_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *);
+
+
 extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
 
-extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
-extern void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *);
 extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
 		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
@@ -333,7 +342,12 @@
 
 extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
 
+extern long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value);
+
+extern void handle_deprecated_show_diff_q(struct diff_options *);
+
 extern int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files,
 			      int insertions, int deletions);
+extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
 
 #endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
index 44f8678..1d9e530 100644
--- a/diffcore-break.c
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@
 	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
 		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
 
+	if (!src->size)
+		return 0; /* we do not let empty files get renamed */
+
 	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
 				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
 				   0,
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index b097fa7..401eb72 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "kwset.h"
 
-typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn);
 
 static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
 		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@
 		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				return; /* do not munge the queue */
 		}
 
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@
 		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -74,64 +79,33 @@
 	line[len] = hold;
 }
 
-static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
-		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
-{
-	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
-		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
-		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
-	} else {
-		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
-	}
-}
-
-static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int diff_grep(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		     struct diff_options *o,
 		     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	regmatch_t regmatch;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
-	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
-	int hit;
+	struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
-		return 0;
+	if (!one)
+		return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return !regexec(regexp, one->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
 
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
-
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
-		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, mf1.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
-		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
-		 */
-		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
-		xpparam_t xpp;
-		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-
-		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
-		ecbdata.hit = 0;
-		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
-		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
-		hit = ecbdata.hit;
-	}
-	if (textconv_one)
-		free(mf1.ptr);
-	if (textconv_two)
-		free(mf2.ptr);
-	return hit;
+	/*
+	 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+	 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+	ecbdata.hit = 0;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+	xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
 
 static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
@@ -148,7 +122,7 @@
 		char errbuf[1024];
 		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 		regfree(&regex);
-		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
+		die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 	}
 
 	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, &regex, NULL, diff_grep);
@@ -157,8 +131,7 @@
 	return;
 }
 
-static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_options *o,
-			     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
+static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	unsigned int cnt;
 	unsigned long sz;
@@ -198,17 +171,35 @@
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int has_changes(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		       struct diff_options *o,
 		       regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
+	unsigned int one_contains = one ? contains(one, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	unsigned int two_contains = two ? contains(two, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	return one_contains != two_contains;
+}
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
 		return 0;
 
+	/* ignore unmerged */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we have an unmodified pair, we know that the count will be the
 	 * same and don't even have to load the blobs. Unless textconv is in
@@ -219,20 +210,12 @@
 	if (textconv_one == textconv_two && diff_unmodified_pair(p))
 		return 0;
 
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
+	mf1.size = fill_textconv(textconv_one, p->one, &mf1.ptr);
+	mf2.size = fill_textconv(textconv_two, p->two, &mf2.ptr);
 
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			ret = 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created */
-		ret = contains(&mf2, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	}
-	else if (!mf2.ptr) /* removed */
-		ret = contains(&mf1, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	else
-		ret = contains(&mf1, o, regexp, kws) !=
-		      contains(&mf2, o, regexp, kws);
+	ret = fn(DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) ? &mf1 : NULL,
+		 DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ? &mf2 : NULL,
+		 o, regexp, kws);
 
 	if (textconv_one)
 		free(mf1.ptr);
@@ -260,7 +243,7 @@
 			char errbuf[1024];
 			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 			regfree(&regex);
-			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+			die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 		}
 		regexp = &regex;
 	} else {
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index 512d0ac..6c7a72f 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@
 	struct hash_table file_table;
 
 	init_hash(&file_table);
+	preallocate_hash(&file_table, rename_src_nr + rename_dst_nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
 		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 4868339..23b6de4 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2,19 +2,37 @@
  * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
  * files, index knowledge etc..
  *
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+ *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+/*
+ * Tells read_directory_recursive how a file or directory should be treated.
+ * Values are ordered by significance, e.g. if a directory contains both
+ * excluded and untracked files, it is listed as untracked because
+ * path_untracked > path_excluded.
+ */
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_none = 0,
+	path_recurse,
+	path_excluded,
+	path_untracked
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *path, int len,
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
@@ -34,25 +52,97 @@
 	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
 }
 
-static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
+inline int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix)
 {
-	const char *n, *first;
+	if (prefix > 0) {
+		if (ps_strncmp(item, pattern, string, prefix))
+			return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		string += prefix;
+	}
+	if (item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR) {
+		int pattern_len = strlen(++pattern);
+		int string_len = strlen(string);
+		return string_len < pattern_len ||
+			ps_strcmp(item, pattern,
+				  string + string_len - pattern_len);
+	}
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB)
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 WM_PATHNAME |
+				 (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0),
+				 NULL);
+	else
+		/* wildmatch has not learned no FNM_PATHNAME mode yet */
+		return fnmatch(pattern, string,
+			       item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0);
+}
+
+static int fnmatch_icase_mem(const char *pattern, int patternlen,
+			     const char *string, int stringlen,
+			     int flags)
+{
+	int match_status;
+	struct strbuf pat_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf str_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *use_pat = pattern;
+	const char *use_str = string;
+
+	if (pattern[patternlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&pat_buf, pattern, patternlen);
+		use_pat = pat_buf.buf;
+	}
+	if (string[stringlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&str_buf, string, stringlen);
+		use_str = str_buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+	match_status = wildmatch(use_pat, use_str, flags, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&pat_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str_buf);
+
+	return match_status;
+}
+
+static size_t common_prefix_len(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int n;
 	size_t max = 0;
 
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return max;
+	/*
+	 * ":(icase)path" is treated as a pathspec full of
+	 * wildcard. In other words, only prefix is considered common
+	 * prefix. If the pathspec is abc/foo abc/bar, running in
+	 * subdir xyz, the common prefix is still xyz, not xuz/abc as
+	 * in non-:(icase).
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
 
-	first = *pathspec;
-	while ((n = *pathspec++)) {
-		size_t i, len = 0;
-		for (i = 0; first == n || i < max; i++) {
-			char c = n[i];
-			if (!c || c != first[i] || is_glob_special(c))
+	for (n = 0; n < pathspec->nr; n++) {
+		size_t i = 0, len = 0, item_len;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].prefix;
+		else
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].nowildcard_len;
+		while (i < item_len && (n == 0 || i < max)) {
+			char c = pathspec->items[n].match[i];
+			if (c != pathspec->items[0].match[i])
 				break;
 			if (c == '/')
 				len = i + 1;
+			i++;
 		}
-		if (first == n || len < max) {
+		if (n == 0 || len < max) {
 			max = len;
 			if (!max)
 				break;
@@ -65,14 +155,14 @@
  * Returns a copy of the longest leading path common among all
  * pathspecs.
  */
-char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
+char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	unsigned long len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
-	return len ? xmemdupz(*pathspec, len) : NULL;
+	return len ? xmemdupz(pathspec->items[0].match, len) : NULL;
 }
 
-int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
+int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	size_t len;
 
@@ -83,7 +173,7 @@
 	len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
 	/* Read the directory and prune it */
-	read_directory(dir, pathspec ? *pathspec : "", len, pathspec);
+	read_directory(dir, pathspec->nr ? pathspec->_raw[0] : "", len, pathspec);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -114,103 +204,6 @@
  *
  * It returns 0 when there is no match.
  */
-static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
-{
-	int matchlen;
-
-	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
-	if (!*match)
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-
-	if (ignore_case) {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
-			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = *match;
-			unsigned char c2 = *name;
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-	/*
-	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
-	 * we need to match by fnmatch
-	 */
-	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
-		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
-
-	if (namelen == matchlen)
-		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
-	if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
- */
-int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
-		int prefix, char *seen)
-{
-	int i, retval = 0;
-
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return 1;
-
-	name += prefix;
-	namelen -= prefix;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] != NULL; i++) {
-		int how;
-		const char *match = pathspec[i] + prefix;
-		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
-			continue;
-		how = match_one(match, name, namelen);
-		if (how) {
-			if (retval < how)
-				retval = how;
-			if (seen && seen[i] < how)
-				seen[i] = how;
-		}
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-/*
- * Does 'match' match the given name?
- * A match is found if
- *
- * (1) the 'match' string is leading directory of 'name', or
- * (2) the 'match' string is a wildcard and matches 'name', or
- * (3) the 'match' string is exactly the same as 'name'.
- *
- * and the return value tells which case it was.
- *
- * It returns 0 when there is no match.
- */
 static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
 			       const char *name, int namelen)
 {
@@ -218,11 +211,44 @@
 	const char *match = item->match + prefix;
 	int matchlen = item->len - prefix;
 
+	/*
+	 * The normal call pattern is:
+	 * 1. prefix = common_prefix_len(ps);
+	 * 2. prune something, or fill_directory
+	 * 3. match_pathspec_depth()
+	 *
+	 * 'prefix' at #1 may be shorter than the command's prefix and
+	 * it's ok for #2 to match extra files. Those extras will be
+	 * trimmed at #3.
+	 *
+	 * Suppose the pathspec is 'foo' and '../bar' running from
+	 * subdir 'xyz'. The common prefix at #1 will be empty, thanks
+	 * to "../". We may have xyz/foo _and_ XYZ/foo after #2. The
+	 * user does not want XYZ/foo, only the "foo" part should be
+	 * case-insensitive. We need to filter out XYZ/foo here. In
+	 * other words, we do not trust the caller on comparing the
+	 * prefix part when :(icase) is involved. We do exact
+	 * comparison ourselves.
+	 *
+	 * Normally the caller (common_prefix_len() in fact) does
+	 * _exact_ matching on name[-prefix+1..-1] and we do not need
+	 * to check that part. Be defensive and check it anyway, in
+	 * case common_prefix_len is changed, or a new caller is
+	 * introduced that does not use common_prefix_len.
+	 *
+	 * If the penalty turns out too high when prefix is really
+	 * long, maybe change it to
+	 * strncmp(match, name, item->prefix - prefix)
+	 */
+	if (item->prefix && (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) &&
+	    strncmp(item->match, name - prefix, item->prefix))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
 	if (!*match)
 		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
-	if (matchlen <= namelen && !strncmp(match, name, matchlen)) {
+	if (matchlen <= namelen && !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, matchlen)) {
 		if (matchlen == namelen)
 			return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
@@ -230,19 +256,28 @@
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 	}
 
-	if (item->use_wildcard && !fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+	if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+	    !git_fnmatch(item, match, name,
+			 item->nowildcard_len - prefix))
 		return MATCHED_FNMATCH;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
 int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 			 const char *name, int namelen,
@@ -250,8 +285,17 @@
 {
 	int i, retval = 0;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
 		if (within_depth(name, namelen, 0, ps->max_depth))
@@ -268,7 +312,9 @@
 		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
 			continue;
 		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name, namelen);
-		if (ps->recursive && ps->max_depth != -1 &&
+		if (ps->recursive &&
+		    (ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) &&
+		    ps->max_depth != -1 &&
 		    how && how != MATCHED_FNMATCH) {
 			int len = ps->items[i].len;
 			if (name[len] == '/')
@@ -291,7 +337,7 @@
 /*
  * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
  */
-static int simple_length(const char *match)
+int simple_length(const char *match)
 {
 	int len = -1;
 
@@ -303,49 +349,78 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+int no_wildcard(const char *string)
 {
 	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
 }
 
+void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
+			   int *patternlen,
+			   int *flags,
+			   int *nowildcardlen)
+{
+	const char *p = *pattern;
+	size_t i, len;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+	if (*p == '!') {
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE;
+		p++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(p);
+	if (len && p[len - 1] == '/') {
+		len--;
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (p[i] == '/')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == len)
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
+	/*
+	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
+	 * but that's one more allocation. Instead just make sure
+	 * nowildcardlen does not exceed real patternlen
+	 */
+	if (*nowildcardlen > len)
+		*nowildcardlen = len;
+	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	*pattern = p;
+	*patternlen = len;
+}
+
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos)
 {
 	struct exclude *x;
-	size_t len;
-	int to_exclude = 1;
-	int flags = 0;
+	int patternlen;
+	int flags;
+	int nowildcardlen;
 
-	if (*string == '!') {
-		to_exclude = 0;
-		string++;
-	}
-	len = strlen(string);
-	if (len && string[len - 1] == '/') {
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 		char *s;
-		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + len);
+		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + patternlen + 1);
 		s = (char *)(x+1);
-		memcpy(s, string, len - 1);
-		s[len - 1] = '\0';
-		string = s;
+		memcpy(s, string, patternlen);
+		s[patternlen] = '\0';
 		x->pattern = s;
-		flags = EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
 	} else {
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
 		x->pattern = string;
 	}
-	x->to_exclude = to_exclude;
-	x->patternlen = strlen(string);
+	x->patternlen = patternlen;
+	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
-	if (!strchr(string, '/'))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
-	x->nowildcardlen = simple_length(string);
-	if (*string == '*' && no_wildcard(string+1))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
-	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
-	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+	x->srcpos = srcpos;
+	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
+	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
+	x->el = el;
 }
 
 static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
@@ -354,15 +429,14 @@
 	unsigned long sz;
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	if (!ce_skip_worktree(istate->cache[pos]))
+	if (!ce_skip_worktree(active_cache[pos]))
 		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	data = read_sha1_file(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(data);
 		return NULL;
@@ -371,27 +445,32 @@
 	return data;
 }
 
-void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within el which was allocated for exclude patterns and
+ * the file buffer.  Does not free el itself.
+ */
+void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
 		free(el->excludes[i]);
 	free(el->excludes);
+	free(el->filebuf);
 
 	el->nr = 0;
 	el->excludes = NULL;
+	el->filebuf = NULL;
 }
 
 int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 				   const char *base,
 				   int baselen,
-				   char **buf_p,
-				   struct exclude_list *which,
+				   struct exclude_list *el,
 				   int check_index)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	int fd, i;
+	int fd, i, lineno = 1;
 	size_t size = 0;
 	char *buf, *entry;
 
@@ -429,51 +508,244 @@
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	if (buf_p)
-		*buf_p = buf;
+	el->filebuf = buf;
 	entry = buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
 			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
 				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
-				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, el, lineno);
 			}
+			lineno++;
 			entry = buf + i + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      int group_type, const char *src)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[group_type];
+	ALLOC_GROW(group->el, group->nr + 1, group->alloc);
+	el = &group->el[group->nr++];
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
+	el->src = src;
+	return el;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used to set up core.excludesfile and .git/info/exclude lists.
+ */
 void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
 {
-	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
-					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_FILE, fname);
+	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, el, 0) < 0)
 		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
+int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	if (prefix == patternlen) {
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
+			return 1;
+	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
+		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
+			return 1;
+	} else {
+		if (fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				      basename, basenamelen,
+				      0) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		   const char *base, int baselen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/') {
+		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
+		prefix--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * baselen does not count the trailing slash. base[] may or
+	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
+	 */
+	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+
+	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
+	name = pathname + pathlen - namelen;
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
+		 * remaining pathname, surely it cannot match.
+		 */
+		if (prefix > namelen)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
+			return 0;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
+		name    += prefix;
+		namelen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !namelen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				 name, namelen,
+				 WM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the given exclude list in reverse to see whether pathname
+ * should be ignored.  The first match (i.e. the last on the list), if
+ * any, determines the fate.  Returns the exclude_list element which
+ * matched, or NULL for undecided.
+ */
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
+						       int pathlen,
+						       const char *basename,
+						       int *dtype,
+						       struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!el->nr)
+		return NULL;	/* undefined */
+
+	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
+		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
+		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
+			if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+			if (match_basename(basename,
+					   pathlen - (basename - pathname),
+					   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen,
+					   x->flags))
+				return x;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(x->baselen == 0 || x->base[x->baselen - 1] == '/');
+		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
+				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
+				   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen, x->flags))
+			return x;
+	}
+	return NULL; /* undecided */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+			  int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+			  struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return -1; /* undecided */
+}
+
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_lists(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+		int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
+				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
+				&group->el[j]);
+			if (exclude)
+				return exclude;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
+ * which has a char length of baselen.
+ */
 static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude_list *el;
 	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
 	int current;
 
-	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
-	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
-		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_DIRS];
 
-	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
-	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
+	/* Pop the exclude lists from the EXCL_DIRS exclude_list_group
+	 * which originate from directories not in the prefix of the
+	 * path being checked. */
 	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
 		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
 		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
 			break;
+		el = &group->el[dir->exclude_stack->exclude_ix];
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
-		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
-			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
-		free(stk->filebuf);
+		dir->exclude = NULL;
+		free((char *)el->src); /* see strdup() below */
+		clear_exclude_list(el);
 		free(stk);
+		group->nr--;
 	}
 
+	/* Skip traversing into sub directories if the parent is excluded */
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return;
+
 	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
 	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
 	while (current < baselen) {
@@ -492,171 +764,87 @@
 		}
 		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
 		stk->baselen = cp - base;
-		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
+		stk->exclude_ix = group->nr;
+		el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_DIRS, NULL);
 		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
 		       stk->baselen - current);
-		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
-		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
-					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
-					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
+
+		/* Abort if the directory is excluded */
+		if (stk->baselen) {
+			int dt = DT_DIR;
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = 0;
+			dir->exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir,
+				dir->basebuf, stk->baselen - 1,
+				dir->basebuf + current, &dt);
+			dir->basebuf[stk->baselen - 1] = '/';
+			if (dir->exclude &&
+			    dir->exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
+				dir->exclude = NULL;
+			if (dir->exclude) {
+				dir->basebuf[stk->baselen] = 0;
+				dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Try to read per-directory file unless path is too long */
+		if (dir->exclude_per_dir &&
+		    stk->baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) < PATH_MAX) {
+			strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen,
+					dir->exclude_per_dir);
+			/*
+			 * dir->basebuf gets reused by the traversal, but we
+			 * need fname to remain unchanged to ensure the src
+			 * member of each struct exclude correctly
+			 * back-references its source file.  Other invocations
+			 * of add_exclude_list provide stable strings, so we
+			 * strdup() and free() here in the caller.
+			 */
+			el->src = strdup(dir->basebuf);
+			add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
+					dir->basebuf, stk->baselen, el, 1);
+		}
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
 		current = stk->baselen;
 	}
 	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
 }
 
-/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
- * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns the exclude_list element which matched, or NULL for
+ * undecided.
  */
-int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
-		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
-		       struct exclude_list *el)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!el->nr)
-		return -1;	/* undefined */
-
-	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
-		const char *name, *exclude = x->pattern;
-		int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
-		int namelen, prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
-
-		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
-			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
-			if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
-				continue;
-		}
-
-		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
-			/* match basename */
-			if (prefix == x->patternlen) {
-				if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, basename))
-					return to_exclude;
-			} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
-				if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
-				    !strcmp_icase(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
-					return to_exclude;
-			} else {
-				if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
-					return to_exclude;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/* match with FNM_PATHNAME:
-		 * exclude has base (baselen long) implicitly in front of it.
-		 */
-		if (*exclude == '/') {
-			exclude++;
-			prefix--;
-		}
-
-		if (pathlen < x->baselen ||
-		    (x->baselen && pathname[x->baselen-1] != '/') ||
-		    strncmp_icase(pathname, x->base, x->baselen))
-			continue;
-
-		namelen = x->baselen ? pathlen - x->baselen : pathlen;
-		name = pathname + pathlen  - namelen;
-
-		/* if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
-		   remaining pathname, surely it cannot match */
-		if (prefix > namelen)
-			continue;
-
-		if (prefix) {
-			if (strncmp_icase(exclude, name, prefix))
-				continue;
-			exclude += prefix;
-			name    += prefix;
-			namelen -= prefix;
-		}
-
-		if (!namelen || !fnmatch_icase(exclude, name, FNM_PATHNAME))
-			return to_exclude;
-	}
-	return -1; /* undecided */
-}
-
-static int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *pathname,
+					     int *dtype_p)
 {
 	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-	int st;
 	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
 	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
-	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
-		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
-					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
-		case 0:
-			return 0;
-		case 1:
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
 
-void path_exclude_check_init(struct path_exclude_check *check,
-			     struct dir_struct *dir)
-{
-	check->dir = dir;
-	strbuf_init(&check->path, 256);
-}
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return dir->exclude;
 
-void path_exclude_check_clear(struct path_exclude_check *check)
-{
-	strbuf_release(&check->path);
+	return last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir, pathname, pathlen,
+			basename, dtype_p);
 }
 
 /*
- * Is this name excluded?  This is for a caller like show_files() that
- * do not honor directory hierarchy and iterate through paths that are
- * possibly in an ignored directory.
- *
- * A path to a directory known to be excluded is left in check->path to
- * optimize for repeated checks for files in the same excluded directory.
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
  */
-int path_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *check,
-		  const char *name, int namelen, int *dtype)
+int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
 {
-	int i;
-	struct strbuf *path = &check->path;
-
-	/*
-	 * we allow the caller to pass namelen as an optimization; it
-	 * must match the length of the name, as we eventually call
-	 * excluded() on the whole name string.
-	 */
-	if (namelen < 0)
-		namelen = strlen(name);
-
-	if (path->len &&
-	    path->len <= namelen &&
-	    !memcmp(name, path->buf, path->len) &&
-	    (!name[path->len] || name[path->len] == '/'))
-		return 1;
-
-	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
-	for (i = 0; name[i]; i++) {
-		int ch = name[i];
-
-		if (ch == '/') {
-			int dt = DT_DIR;
-			if (excluded(check->dir, path->buf, &dt))
-				return 1;
-		}
-		strbuf_addch(path, ch);
-	}
-
-	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
-	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
-
-	return excluded(check->dir, name, dtype);
+	struct exclude *exclude =
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
@@ -672,7 +860,7 @@
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
 {
-	if (cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
+	if (cache_file_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
 		return NULL;
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr+1, dir->alloc);
@@ -695,13 +883,13 @@
 };
 
 /*
- * Do not use the alphabetically stored index to look up
+ * Do not use the alphabetically sorted index to look up
  * the directory name; instead, use the case insensitive
- * name hash.
+ * directory hash.
  */
 static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index_icase(const char *dirname, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce = index_name_exists(&the_index, dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
+	const struct cache_entry *ce = cache_dir_exists(dirname, len);
 	unsigned char endchar;
 
 	if (!ce)
@@ -745,7 +933,7 @@
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 		unsigned char endchar;
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, dirname, len))
@@ -787,32 +975,24 @@
  *
  *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
  *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
- *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
- *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *      also true, in which case we need to check if it contains any
+ *      untracked and / or ignored files.
  *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
  *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
  *      as a directory.
  *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
  */
-enum directory_treatment {
-	show_directory,
-	ignore_directory,
-	recurse_into_directory
-};
-
-static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
-	const char *dirname, int len,
+static enum path_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
 	case index_directory:
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 
 	case index_gitdir:
-		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
-			return ignore_directory;
-		return show_directory;
+		return path_none;
 
 	case index_nonexistent:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -820,17 +1000,17 @@
 		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-				return show_directory;
+				return path_untracked;
 		}
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 	}
 
 	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
-		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
-		return ignore_directory;
-	return show_directory;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+
+	return read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -889,9 +1069,9 @@
 static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
 {
 	int pos;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
+	ce = cache_file_exists(path, len, 0);
 	if (ce) {
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
 			return DT_UNKNOWN;
@@ -945,65 +1125,65 @@
 	return dtype;
 }
 
-enum path_treatment {
-	path_ignored,
-	path_handled,
-	path_recurse
-};
-
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  struct strbuf *path,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
-	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
-	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);
+	int exclude;
+	int has_path_in_index = !!cache_file_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
+
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	/* Always exclude indexed files */
+	if (dtype != DT_DIR && has_path_in_index)
+		return path_none;
+
+	/*
+	 * When we are looking at a directory P in the working tree,
+	 * there are three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) P exists in the index.  Everything inside the directory P in
+	 * the working tree needs to go when P is checked out from the
+	 * index.
+	 *
+	 * (2) P does not exist in the index, but there is P/Q in the index.
+	 * We know P will stay a directory when we check out the contents
+	 * of the index, but we do not know yet if there is a directory
+	 * P/Q in the working tree to be killed, so we need to recurse.
+	 *
+	 * (3) P does not exist in the index, and there is no P/Q in the index
+	 * to require P to be a directory, either.  Only in this case, we
+	 * know that everything inside P will not be killed without
+	 * recursing.
+	 */
+	if ((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY) &&
+	    (dtype == DT_DIR) &&
+	    !has_path_in_index &&
+	    (directory_exists_in_index(path->buf, path->len) == index_nonexistent))
+		return path_none;
+
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
 
 	/*
 	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
 	 * ignored files, ignore it
 	 */
-	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		return path_ignored;
-
-	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
-
-	/*
-	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
-	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
-	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
-	 * directory may contain files that we do..
-	 */
-	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
-		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
-			return path_ignored;
-	}
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED|DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO)))
+		return path_excluded;
 
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	case DT_DIR:
 		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
-		switch (treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, simplify)) {
-		case show_directory:
-			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
-					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-				return path_ignored;
-			break;
-		case recurse_into_directory:
-			return path_recurse;
-		case ignore_directory:
-			return path_ignored;
-		}
-		break;
+		return treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, exclude,
+			simplify);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		break;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
 	}
-	return path_handled;
 }
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
@@ -1015,11 +1195,11 @@
 	int dtype;
 
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
 	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
 	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
@@ -1033,14 +1213,16 @@
  *
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
+ *
+ * Returns the most significant path_treatment value encountered in the scan.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				    const char *base, int baselen,
 				    int check_only,
 				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	DIR *fdir;
-	int contents = 0;
+	enum path_treatment state, subdir_state, dir_state = path_none;
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -1051,27 +1233,53 @@
 		goto out;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
-		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
-							     path.len, 0,
-							     simplify);
+		/* check how the file or directory should be treated */
+		state = treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify);
+		if (state > dir_state)
+			dir_state = state;
+
+		/* recurse into subdir if instructed by treat_path */
+		if (state == path_recurse) {
+			subdir_state = read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
+				path.len, check_only, simplify);
+			if (subdir_state > dir_state)
+				dir_state = subdir_state;
+		}
+
+		if (check_only) {
+			/* abort early if maximum state has been reached */
+			if (dir_state == path_untracked)
+				break;
+			/* skip the dir_add_* part */
 			continue;
-		case path_ignored:
-			continue;
-		case path_handled:
+		}
+
+		/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
+		switch (state) {
+		case path_excluded:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||
+				((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+				exclude_matches_pathspec(path.buf, path.len,
+					simplify)))
+				dir_add_ignored(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		case path_untracked:
+			if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		default:
 			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
-		if (check_only)
-			break;
-		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
 	strbuf_release(&path);
 
-	return contents;
+	return dir_state;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -1120,12 +1328,14 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int baselen, rc = 0;
 	const char *cp;
+	int old_flags = dir->flags;
 
 	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
 	baselen = 0;
+	dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
 		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
@@ -1140,7 +1350,7 @@
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
 		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_none)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
 			rc = 1;
@@ -1148,17 +1358,29 @@
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	dir->flags = old_flags;
 	return rc;
 }
 
-int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec)
+int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	struct path_simplify *simplify;
 
+	/*
+	 * Check out create_simplify()
+	 */
+	if (pathspec)
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
 		return dir->nr;
 
-	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
+	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec ? pathspec->_raw : NULL);
 	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
 		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
 	free_simplify(simplify);
@@ -1313,9 +1535,9 @@
 		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_path, "ignore");
 		excludes_file = xdg_path;
 	}
-	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK))
+	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
-	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK))
+	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
 }
 
@@ -1323,7 +1545,7 @@
 {
 	char *slash;
 
-	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 		return -1;
 
 	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
@@ -1338,50 +1560,32 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
+ * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ */
+void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
-	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk;
 
-	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
-	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
-	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
-}
-
-int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec, const char **paths)
-{
-	const char **p = paths;
-	int i;
-
-	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
-	if (!p)
-		return 0;
-	while (*p)
-		p++;
-	pathspec->raw = paths;
-	pathspec->nr = p - paths;
-	if (!pathspec->nr)
-		return 0;
-
-	pathspec->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item)*pathspec->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
-		struct pathspec_item *item = pathspec->items+i;
-		const char *path = paths[i];
-
-		item->match = path;
-		item->len = strlen(path);
-		item->use_wildcard = !no_wildcard(path);
-		if (item->use_wildcard)
-			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < group->nr; j++) {
+			el = &group->el[j];
+			if (i == EXC_DIRS)
+				free((char *)el->src);
+			clear_exclude_list(el);
+		}
+		free(group->el);
 	}
 
-	qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
-	      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
-{
-	free(pathspec->items);
-	pathspec->items = NULL;
+	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
+	while (stk) {
+		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
+		free(stk);
+		stk = prev;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 893465a..9b7e4e7 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef DIR_H
 #define DIR_H
 
+/* See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt */
+
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 struct dir_entry {
@@ -11,26 +13,62 @@
 #define EXC_FLAG_NODIR 1
 #define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+#define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
 
+/*
+ * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which
+ * is appended to the relevant exclude_list_group (either EXC_DIRS or
+ * EXC_FILE).  An exclude_list within the EXC_CMDL exclude_list_group
+ * can also be used to represent the list of --exclude values passed
+ * via CLI args.
+ */
 struct exclude_list {
 	int nr;
 	int alloc;
+
+	/* remember pointer to exclude file contents so we can free() */
+	char *filebuf;
+
+	/* origin of list, e.g. path to filename, or descriptive string */
+	const char *src;
+
 	struct exclude {
+		/*
+		 * This allows callers of last_exclude_matching() etc.
+		 * to determine the origin of the matching pattern.
+		 */
+		struct exclude_list *el;
+
 		const char *pattern;
 		int patternlen;
 		int nowildcardlen;
 		const char *base;
 		int baselen;
-		int to_exclude;
 		int flags;
+
+		/*
+		 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
+		 * and from -1 decrementing for patterns from CLI args.
+		 */
+		int srcpos;
 	} **excludes;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The contents of the per-directory exclude files are lazily read on
+ * demand and then cached in memory, one per exclude_stack struct, in
+ * order to avoid opening and parsing each one every time that
+ * directory is traversed.
+ */
 struct exclude_stack {
-	struct exclude_stack *prev;
-	char *filebuf;
+	struct exclude_stack *prev; /* the struct exclude_stack for the parent directory */
 	int baselen;
-	int exclude_ix;
+	int exclude_ix; /* index of exclude_list within EXC_DIRS exclude_list_group */
+};
+
+struct exclude_list_group {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
 };
 
 struct dir_struct {
@@ -41,65 +79,96 @@
 		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
 		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
 		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
-		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4,
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO = 1<<5,
+		DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY = 1<<6
 	} flags;
 	struct dir_entry **entries;
 	struct dir_entry **ignored;
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
-	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+
 	/*
-	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
+	 *
 	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
 	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
-	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files, e.g.
+	 *   - .git/info/exclude
+	 *   - core.excludesfile
+	 *
+	 * Each group contains multiple exclude lists, a single list
+	 * per source.
 	 */
 #define EXC_CMDL 0
 #define EXC_DIRS 1
 #define EXC_FILE 2
+	struct exclude_list_group exclude_list_group[3];
 
+	/*
+	 * Temporary variables which are used during loading of the
+	 * per-directory exclude lists.
+	 *
+	 * exclude_stack points to the top of the exclude_stack, and
+	 * basebuf contains the full path to the current
+	 * (sub)directory in the traversal. Exclude points to the
+	 * matching exclude struct if the directory is excluded.
+	 */
 	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
 	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
+/*
+ * The ordering of these constants is significant, with
+ * higher-numbered match types signifying "closer" (i.e. more
+ * specific) matches which will override lower-numbered match types
+ * when populating the seen[] array.
+ */
 #define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
 #define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
 #define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
-extern char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec);
-extern int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen, int prefix, char *seen);
+extern int simple_length(const char *match);
+extern int no_wildcard(const char *string);
+extern char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 extern int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 				const char *name, int namelen,
 				int prefix, char *seen);
 extern int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen, int depth, int max_depth);
 
-extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
-extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
+extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
-extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
-			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
+extern int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+				 int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
 struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len);
 
 /*
- * The excluded() API is meant for callers that check each level of leading
- * directory hierarchies with excluded() to avoid recursing into excluded
- * directories.  Callers that do not do so should use this API instead.
+ * these implement the matching logic for dir.c:excluded_from_list and
+ * attr.c:path_matches()
  */
-struct path_exclude_check {
-	struct dir_struct *dir;
-	struct strbuf path;
-};
-extern void path_exclude_check_init(struct path_exclude_check *, struct dir_struct *);
-extern void path_exclude_check_clear(struct path_exclude_check *);
-extern int path_excluded(struct path_exclude_check *, const char *, int namelen, int *dtype);
+extern int match_basename(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
+extern int match_pathname(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
 
+extern struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *name, int *dtype);
 
+extern int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     int group_type, const char *src);
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
-					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
-extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
+extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);
+extern void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
@@ -128,4 +197,12 @@
 extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
 extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
 
+/*
+ * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.
+ */
+struct pathspec_item;
+extern int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index d834003..0abbd8d 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
 #define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
@@ -36,9 +37,26 @@
 		return error("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
-		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+		const char *args[] = { editor, real_path(path), NULL };
+		struct child_process p;
+		int ret, sig;
 
-		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+		memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
+		p.argv = args;
+		p.env = env;
+		p.use_shell = 1;
+		if (start_command(&p) < 0)
+			return error("unable to start editor '%s'", editor);
+
+		sigchain_push(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+		sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+		ret = finish_command(&p);
+		sig = ret - 128;
+		sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+		sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+		if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGQUIT)
+			raise(sig);
+		if (ret)
 			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
 					editor);
 	}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 17a6bcc..7b7aa81 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 	return open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
 }
 
-static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
+static void *read_blob_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *new = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, size);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int open_output_fd(char *path, struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
+static int open_output_fd(char *path, const struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	int symlink = (ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG;
 	if (to_tempfile) {
@@ -115,26 +115,29 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int streaming_write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
+static int streaming_write_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter,
 				 const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile,
 				 int *fstat_done, struct stat *statbuf)
 {
-	int result = -1;
+	int result = 0;
 	int fd;
 
 	fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
-	if (0 <= fd) {
-		result = stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
-		*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
-		result = close(fd);
-	}
-	if (result && 0 <= fd)
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	result |= stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
+	*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
+	result |= close(fd);
+
+	if (result)
 		unlink(path);
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
+static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		       char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	unsigned int ce_mode_s_ifmt = ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT;
 	int fd, ret, fstat_done = 0;
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
-		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(path, ce->sha1);
+		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(ce->name, ce->sha1);
 		if (filter &&
 		    !streaming_write_entry(ce, path, filter,
 					   state, to_tempfile,
@@ -197,9 +200,9 @@
 		break;
 	case S_IFGITLINK:
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			return error("cannot create temporary subproject %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create temporary submodule %s", path);
 		if (mkdir(path, 0777) < 0)
-			return error("cannot create subproject directory %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create submodule directory %s", path);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return error("unknown file mode for %s in index", path);
@@ -231,18 +234,30 @@
 	return lstat(path, st);
 }
 
-int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
+/*
+ * Write the contents from ce out to the working tree.
+ *
+ * When topath[] is not NULL, instead of writing to the working tree
+ * file named by ce, a temporary file is created by this function and
+ * its name is returned in topath[], which must be able to hold at
+ * least TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH bytes long.
+ */
+int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		   const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
 {
-	static char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	static struct strbuf path_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *path;
 	struct stat st;
-	int len = state->base_dir_len;
+	int len;
 
 	if (topath)
 		return write_entry(ce, topath, state, 1);
 
-	memcpy(path, state->base_dir, len);
-	strcpy(path + len, ce->name);
-	len += ce_namelen(ce);
+	strbuf_reset(&path_buf);
+	strbuf_add(&path_buf, state->base_dir, state->base_dir_len);
+	strbuf_add(&path_buf, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	path = path_buf.buf;
+	len = path_buf.len;
 
 	if (!check_path(path, len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
 		unsigned changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 85edd7f..0a15349 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 int trust_executable_bit = 1;
 int trust_ctime = 1;
+int check_stat = 1;
 int has_symlinks = 1;
 int minimum_abbrev = 4, default_abbrev = 7;
 int ignore_case;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
 int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
 int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
 int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
+int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 1;
 int repository_format_version;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@
 size_t packed_git_limit = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT;
 size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
 unsigned long big_file_threshold = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-const char *log_pack_access;
 const char *pager_program;
 int pager_use_color = 1;
 const char *editor_program;
@@ -62,6 +63,12 @@
 struct startup_info *startup_info;
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
 
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+char comment_line_char = '#';
+
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
 int core_preload_index = 0;
 
@@ -76,20 +83,20 @@
 static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_graft_file;
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * Remember to update local_repo_env_size in cache.h when
- * the size of the list changes
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; see cache.h for details.
  */
-const char * const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1] = {
+const char * const local_repo_env[] = {
 	ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT,
 	DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
 	INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -116,14 +123,13 @@
 
 static void setup_git_env(void)
 {
+	const char *gitfile;
+
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	if (!git_dir) {
-		git_dir = read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	}
 	if (!git_dir)
 		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+	gitfile = read_gitfile(git_dir);
+	git_dir = xstrdup(gitfile ? gitfile : git_dir);
 	git_object_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (!git_object_dir) {
 		git_object_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 9);
@@ -149,11 +155,6 @@
 	return is_bare_repository_cfg && !get_git_work_tree();
 }
 
-int have_git_dir(void)
-{
-	return !!git_dir;
-}
-
 const char *get_git_dir(void)
 {
 	if (!git_dir)
diff --git a/exec_cmd.h b/exec_cmd.h
index e2b546b..e4c9702 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.h
+++ b/exec_cmd.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 extern void setup_path(void);
 extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv);
 extern int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
 extern const char *system_path(const char *path);
 
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index c2a814e..f4d9969 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
     ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
     commit_msg
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
-    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp commit-ish lf)*
     (file_change | ls)*
     lf?;
   commit_msg ::= data;
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@
   file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
   file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
     data;
-  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
-  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp commit-ish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp commit-ish lf
     data;
 
   new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
-    'from' sp committish lf
+    'from' sp commit-ish lf
     ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     tag_msg;
   tag_msg ::= data;
 
   reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
     lf?;
 
   checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
      # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
      # are UTF8.
      #
-  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  commit-ish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
   ref_str     ::= ref;
   sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
   tag_str     ::= tag;
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
 static FILE *pack_edges;
 static unsigned int show_stats = 1;
 static int global_argc;
-static const char **global_argv;
+static char **global_argv;
 
 /* Memory pools */
 static size_t mem_pool_alloc = 2*1024*1024 - sizeof(struct mem_pool);
@@ -1568,7 +1568,8 @@
 static int tree_content_remove(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
@@ -1583,6 +1584,12 @@
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!*p && allow_root) {
+		e = root;
+		goto del_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
@@ -1599,7 +1606,7 @@
 				goto del_entry;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf)) {
+			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf, 0)) {
 				for (n = 0; n < e->tree->entry_count; n++) {
 					if (e->tree->entries[n]->versions[1].mode) {
 						hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
@@ -1629,7 +1636,8 @@
 static int tree_content_get(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
@@ -1641,31 +1649,39 @@
 		n = slash1 - p;
 	else
 		n = strlen(p);
-	if (!n)
+	if (!n && !allow_root)
 		die("Empty path component found in input");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!n) {
+		e = root;
+		goto found_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
 		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
-				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
-				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
-					leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
-				else
-					leaf->tree = NULL;
-				return 1;
-			}
+			if (!slash1)
+				goto found_entry;
 			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf);
+			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
+
+found_entry:
+	memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
+	if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
+		leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
+	else
+		leaf->tree = NULL;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
@@ -1678,7 +1694,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	if (read_ref(b->name, old_sha1))
 		hashclr(old_sha1);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock)
 		return error("Unable to lock %s", b->name);
 	if (!force_update && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
@@ -1822,7 +1838,7 @@
 		*end = 0;
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &end, 10);
 		if (!mark || end == line + 1
-			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1(end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		if (!e) {
@@ -2179,7 +2195,7 @@
 			}
 
 			/* Rename fullpath to realpath */
-			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf))
+			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf, 0))
 				die("Failed to remove path %s", fullpath);
 			tree_content_set(orig_root, realpath,
 				leaf.versions[1].sha1,
@@ -2265,7 +2281,7 @@
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
 
@@ -2292,6 +2308,7 @@
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2313,7 +2330,7 @@
 
 	/* Git does not track empty, non-toplevel directories. */
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !memcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN, 20) && *p) {
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2374,7 +2391,7 @@
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
@@ -2412,9 +2429,9 @@
 
 	memset(&leaf, 0, sizeof(leaf));
 	if (rename)
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	else
-		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
 		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
 	if (!*d) {	/* C "path/to/subdir" "" */
@@ -2434,7 +2451,7 @@
 {
 	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	struct branch *s;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
 	char path[60];
@@ -2464,6 +2481,7 @@
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline ")) {
 		inline_data = 1;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 		p += strlen("inline");  /* advance to space */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
@@ -2476,7 +2494,7 @@
 	assert(*p == ' ');
 	p++;  /* skip space */
 
-	/* <committish> */
+	/* <commit-ish> */
 	s = lookup_branch(p);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
@@ -2519,7 +2537,7 @@
 	}
 
 	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), *old_fanout, path);
-	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL))
+	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL, 0))
 		b->num_notes--;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
@@ -2613,7 +2631,7 @@
 
 static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 {
-	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, **tail = &list, *n;
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
@@ -2641,11 +2659,9 @@
 			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
 		n->next = NULL;
-		if (list)
-			e->next = n;
-		else
-			list = n;
-		e = n;
+		*tail = n;
+		tail = &n->next;
+
 		(*count)++;
 		read_next_command();
 	}
@@ -2957,7 +2973,7 @@
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Not a treeish: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		die("Not a tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {	/* in a pack being written */
@@ -3041,7 +3057,7 @@
 	struct tree_entry *root = NULL;
 	struct tree_entry leaf = {NULL};
 
-	/* ls SP (<treeish> SP)? <path> */
+	/* ls SP (<tree-ish> SP)? <path> */
 	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("ls ");
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		if (!b)
@@ -3051,6 +3067,8 @@
 		struct object_entry *e = parse_treeish_dataref(&p);
 		root = new_tree_entry();
 		hashcpy(root->versions[1].sha1, e->idx.sha1);
+		if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
+			root->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		load_tree(root);
 		if (*p++ != ' ')
 			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
@@ -3065,7 +3083,7 @@
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf);
+	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf, 1);
 	/*
 	 * A directory in preparation would have a sha1 of zero
 	 * until it is saved.  Save, for simplicity.
@@ -3347,7 +3365,7 @@
 		read_marks();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fab5e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static int no_done;
+static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int agent_supported;
+static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
+#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
+#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
+
+static int marked;
+
+/*
+ * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
+ * give up traversing our history.
+ */
+#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
+
+static struct prio_queue rev_list = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband, allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
+
+static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+{
+	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+
+		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
+			if (parse_commit(commit))
+				return;
+
+		prio_queue_put(&rev_list, commit);
+
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
+				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
+   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
+   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
+*/
+
+static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
+		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+{
+	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+
+		if (!ancestors_only)
+			o->flags |= COMMON;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
+			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
+				non_common_revs--;
+			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
+				if (parse_commit(commit))
+					return;
+
+			for (parents = commit->parents;
+					parents;
+					parents = parents->next)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit == NULL) {
+		unsigned int mark;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (rev_list.nr == 0 || non_common_revs == 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		commit = prio_queue_get(&rev_list);
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_commit(commit);
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs--;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
+			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			commit = NULL;
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
+			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		else
+			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
+			mark = SEEN;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
+				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
+			if (mark & COMMON)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.sha1;
+}
+
+enum ack_type {
+	NAK = 0,
+	ACK,
+	ACK_continue,
+	ACK_common,
+	ACK_ready
+};
+
+static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && args->depth > 0) {
+		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
+		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
+		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
+		 */
+		char *line;
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd, NULL))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
+				continue;
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
+				continue;
+			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(fd, &len);
+
+	if (!len)
+		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
+		return NAK;
+	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
+			if (len < 45)
+				return ACK;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
+				return ACK_continue;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
+				return ACK_common;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
+				return ACK_ready;
+			return ACK;
+		}
+	}
+	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
+}
+
+static void send_request(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			 int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		packet_flush(fd);
+	} else
+		write_or_die(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
+#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
+#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
+
+static int next_flush(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int count)
+{
+	int flush_limit = args->stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
+
+	if (count < flush_limit)
+		count <<= 1;
+	else
+		count += flush_limit;
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
+		       struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int fetching;
+	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned in_vain = 0;
+	int got_continue = 0;
+	int got_ready = 0;
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t state_len = 0;
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
+		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
+	if (marked)
+		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
+	marked = 1;
+
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
+
+	fetching = 0;
+	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
+		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
+		const char *remote_hex;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		/*
+		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
+		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
+		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
+		 * about.
+		 *
+		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
+		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
+		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
+		 */
+		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
+				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
+		if (!fetching) {
+			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
+			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
+			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
+			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
+			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
+			if (args->use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
+			if (args->no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
+			if (args->include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
+			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
+			if (agent_supported)    strbuf_addf(&c, " agent=%s",
+							    git_user_agent_sanitized());
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&c);
+		} else
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
+		fetching++;
+	}
+
+	if (!fetching) {
+		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args->depth);
+	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+	state_len = req_buf.len;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0) {
+		char *line;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
+					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
+					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
+				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
+					die("object not found: %s", line);
+				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
+				if (!parse_object(sha1))
+					die("error in object: %s", line);
+				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
+					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		}
+	} else if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->stateless_rpc) {
+		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
+		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
+		state_len = 0;
+	}
+
+	flushes = 0;
+	retval = -1;
+	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		in_vain++;
+		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
+			int ack;
+
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
+			flushes++;
+			flush_at = next_flush(args, count);
+
+			/*
+			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
+			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
+			 */
+			if (!args->stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
+				continue;
+
+			consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+			do {
+				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+				if (args->verbose && ack)
+					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
+							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+				switch (ack) {
+				case ACK:
+					flushes = 0;
+					multi_ack = 0;
+					retval = 0;
+					goto done;
+				case ACK_common:
+				case ACK_ready:
+				case ACK_continue: {
+					struct commit *commit =
+						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
+					if (!commit)
+						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+					if (args->stateless_rpc
+					 && ack == ACK_common
+					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+						/* We need to replay the have for this object
+						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
+						 * it is in common with us.
+						 */
+						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
+						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
+						state_len = req_buf.len;
+					}
+					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
+					retval = 0;
+					in_vain = 0;
+					got_continue = 1;
+					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
+						clear_prio_queue(&rev_list);
+						got_ready = 1;
+					}
+					break;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (ack);
+			flushes--;
+			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
+				if (args->verbose)
+					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
+				break; /* give up */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+	}
+	if (args->verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
+	if (retval != 0) {
+		multi_ack = 0;
+		flushes++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
+		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+		if (ack) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
+					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+			if (ack == ACK)
+				return 0;
+			multi_ack = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		flushes--;
+	}
+	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
+	return count ? retval : 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *complete;
+
+static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_recent_complete_commits(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+					 unsigned long cutoff)
+{
+	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			struct ref **refs,
+			struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
+	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
+	struct ref *ref, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
+		int keep = 0;
+		next = ref->next;
+
+		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
+		    check_refname_format(ref->name, 0))
+			; /* trash */
+		else {
+			while (i < nr_sought) {
+				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought[i]->name);
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					break; /* definitely do not have it */
+				else if (cmp == 0) {
+					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
+					sought[i]->matched = 1;
+				}
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!keep && args->fetch_all &&
+		    (!args->depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
+			keep = 1;
+
+		if (keep) {
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			free(ref);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Append unmatched requests to the list */
+	if (allow_tip_sha1_in_want) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+			ref = sought[i];
+			if (ref->matched)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ref->name, ref->old_sha1))
+				continue;
+
+			ref->matched = 1;
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		}
+	}
+	*refs = newlist;
+}
+
+static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			    struct ref **refs,
+			    struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o;
+
+		if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+			continue;
+
+		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!o)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
+		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
+		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
+		 */
+		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!args->depth) {
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
+		if (cutoff)
+			mark_recent_complete_commits(args, cutoff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
+	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
+	 */
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
+					     NULL, 0);
+
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
+			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
+
+			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter_refs(args, refs, sought, nr_sought);
+
+	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
+		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
+		unsigned char local[20];
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = lookup_object(remote);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			if (!args->verbose)
+				continue;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+				ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
+		if (!args->verbose)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+			ref->name);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *xd = data;
+
+	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		    int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *argv[22];
+	char keep_arg[256];
+	char hdr_arg[256];
+	const char **av, *cmd_name;
+	int do_keep = args->keep_pack;
+	struct child_process cmd;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
+		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
+		 * through demux->out.
+		 */
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = xd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
+			    " demultiplexer");
+	}
+	else
+		demux.out = xd[0];
+
+	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	av = argv;
+	*hdr_arg = 0;
+	if (!args->keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
+		struct pack_header header;
+
+		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
+			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
+		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
+			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
+		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
+			do_keep = 0;
+		else
+			do_keep = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		*av++ = "--shallow-file";
+		*av++ = alternate_shallow_file;
+	}
+
+	if (do_keep) {
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			cmd.out = -1;
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "index-pack";
+		*av++ = "--stdin";
+		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-v";
+		if (args->use_thin_pack)
+			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
+		if (args->lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
+			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
+					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
+				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+			*av++ = keep_arg;
+		}
+		if (args->check_self_contained_and_connected)
+			*av++ = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
+	}
+	else {
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "unpack-objects";
+		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-q";
+		args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+	}
+	if (*hdr_arg)
+		*av++ = hdr_arg;
+	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
+	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
+	    : 0)
+		*av++ = "--strict";
+	*av++ = NULL;
+
+	cmd.in = demux.out;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cmd))
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", cmd_name);
+	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
+		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
+		close(cmd.out);
+	}
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		/* Closed by start_command() */
+		xd[0] = -1;
+
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (!ret || (args->check_self_contained_and_connected && ret == 1))
+		args->self_contained_and_connected =
+			args->check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			ret == 0;
+	else
+		die("%s failed", cmd_name);
+	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
+		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_by_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = *((const struct ref **)a_);
+	const struct ref *b = *((const struct ref **)b_);
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+				 int fd[2],
+				 const struct ref *orig_ref,
+				 struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+				 char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *agent_feature;
+	int agent_len;
+
+	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
+	qsort(sought, nr_sought, sizeof(*sought), cmp_ref_by_name);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
+		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
+	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
+		multi_ack = 2;
+		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				no_done = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
+		multi_ack = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
+		use_sideband = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-tip-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-tip-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = 1;
+	}
+	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
+		args->no_progress = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("include-tag"))
+		args->include_tag = 0;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
+	} else
+		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
+
+	if ((agent_feature = server_feature_value("agent", &agent_len))) {
+		agent_supported = 1;
+		if (args->verbose && agent_len)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server version is %.*s\n",
+				agent_len, agent_feature);
+	}
+
+	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought, nr_sought)) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		goto all_done;
+	}
+	if (find_common(args, fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
+		if (!args->keep_pack)
+			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
+			 * no common commit.
+			 */
+			warning("no common commits");
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alternate_shallow_file);
+	else
+		alternate_shallow_file = NULL;
+	if (get_pack(args, fd, pack_lockfile))
+		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
+
+ all_done:
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
+		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
+		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
+		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
+{
+	static int did_setup;
+	if (did_setup)
+		return;
+	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
+	did_setup = 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicates_in_refs(struct ref **ref, int nr)
+{
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_insert(&names, ref[src]->name);
+		if (item->util)
+			continue; /* already have it */
+		item->util = ref[src];
+		if (src != dst)
+			ref[dst] = ref[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	for (src = dst; src < nr; src++)
+		ref[src] = NULL;
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	return dst;
+}
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+		       char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref_cpy;
+
+	fetch_pack_setup();
+	if (nr_sought)
+		nr_sought = remove_duplicates_in_refs(sought, nr_sought);
+
+	if (!ref) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		die("no matching remote head");
+	}
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, nr_sought, pack_lockfile);
+
+	if (args->depth > 0 && alternate_shallow_file) {
+		if (*alternate_shallow_file == '\0') { /* --unshallow */
+			unlink_or_warn(git_path("shallow"));
+			rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		} else
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	}
+
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return ref_cpy;
+}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
index cb14871..20ccc12 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.h
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define FETCH_PACK_H
 
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 
 struct fetch_pack_args {
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -13,24 +14,26 @@
 		use_thin_pack:1,
 		fetch_all:1,
 		stdin_refs:1,
+		diag_url:1,
 		verbose:1,
 		no_progress:1,
 		include_tag:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+		stateless_rpc:1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected:1,
+		self_contained_and_connected:1;
 };
 
 /*
- * sought contains the full names of remote references that should be
- * updated from.  On return, the names that were found on the remote
- * will have been removed from the list.  The util members of the
- * string_list_items are used internally; they must be NULL on entry
- * (and will be NULL on exit).
+ * sought represents remote references that should be updated from.
+ * On return, the names that were found on the remote will have been
+ * marked as such.
  */
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
 		       const struct ref *ref,
 		       const char *dest,
-		       struct string_list *sought,
+		       struct ref **sought,
+		       int nr_sought,
 		       char **pack_lockfile);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
deleted file mode 100755
index 63dfa4c..0000000
--- a/fixup-builtins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-while [ "$1" ]
-do
-	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
-		old="$1"
-		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
-		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
-		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-	fi
-	shift
-done
-
-sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
-s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
-exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 7395ef6..99c0497 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@
 	int has_null_sha1 = 0;
 	int has_full_path = 0;
 	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_dot = 0;
+	int has_dotdot = 0;
+	int has_dotgit = 0;
 	int has_zero_pad = 0;
 	int has_bad_modes = 0;
 	int has_dup_entries = 0;
@@ -168,6 +171,12 @@
 			has_full_path = 1;
 		if (!*name)
 			has_empty_name = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "."))
+			has_dot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".."))
+			has_dotdot = 1;
+		if (!strcmp(name, ".git"))
+			has_dotgit = 1;
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -217,6 +226,12 @@
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
 	if (has_empty_name)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_dot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.'");
+	if (has_dotdot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '..'");
+	if (has_dotgit)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.git'");
 	if (has_zero_pad)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
 	if (has_bad_modes)
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index 710764a..24bb1ab 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 
 my $normal_color = $repo->get_color("", "reset");
 
+my $diff_algorithm = $repo->config('diff.algorithm');
+
 my $use_readkey = 0;
 my $use_termcap = 0;
 my %term_escapes;
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@
 my %patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{stage}};
 
 sub run_cmd_pipe {
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
 		my @invalid = grep {m/[":*]/} @_;
 		die "$^O does not support: @invalid\n" if @invalid;
 		my @args = map { m/ /o ? "\"$_\"": $_ } @_;
@@ -261,6 +263,17 @@
 	return '4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904';
 }
 
+sub get_diff_reference {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	if (defined $ref and $ref ne 'HEAD') {
+		return $ref;
+	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
+		return get_empty_tree();
+	} else {
+		return 'HEAD';
+	}
+}
+
 # Returns list of hashes, contents of each of which are:
 # VALUE:	pathname
 # BINARY:	is a binary path
@@ -284,14 +297,7 @@
 		return if (!@tracked);
 	}
 
-	my $reference;
-	if (defined $patch_mode_revision and $patch_mode_revision ne 'HEAD') {
-		$reference = $patch_mode_revision;
-	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
-		$reference = get_empty_tree();
-	} else {
-		$reference = 'HEAD';
-	}
+	my $reference = get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-index --cached
 			     --numstat --summary), $reference,
 			     '--', @tracked)) {
@@ -731,8 +737,11 @@
 sub parse_diff {
 	my ($path) = @_;
 	my @diff_cmd = split(" ", $patch_mode_flavour{DIFF});
+	if (defined $diff_algorithm) {
+		splice @diff_cmd, 1, 0, "--diff-algorithm=${diff_algorithm}";
+	}
 	if (defined $patch_mode_revision) {
-		push @diff_cmd, $patch_mode_revision;
+		push @diff_cmd, get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	}
 	my @diff = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, "--", $path);
 	my @colored = ();
@@ -1247,7 +1256,7 @@
 
 
 # Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
-# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+# the first argument, starting with the index in the 2nd.
 sub display_hunks {
 	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
 	my $ctr = 0;
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
index c682d34..7ea40fe 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git am [options] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
-git am [options] (--resolved | --skip | --abort)
+git am [options] (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 --
 i,interactive   run interactively
 b,binary*       (historical option -- no-op)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
 	    stop_here $1
     fi
-    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
+    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --continue\".
 If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"\$cmdline --skip\" instead.
 To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@
 			# Since we cannot guarantee that the commit message is in
 			# git-friendly format, we put no Subject: line and just consume
 			# all of the message as the body
-			perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			LANG=C LC_ALL=C perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# User /) { s/\# User/From:/ ; print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# Date /) {
@@ -446,6 +446,8 @@
 # If the dotest directory exists, but we have finished applying all the
 # patches in them, clear it out.
 if test -d "$dotest" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/last" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/next" &&
    last=$(cat "$dotest/last") &&
    next=$(cat "$dotest/next") &&
    test $# != 0 &&
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@
    rm -fr "$dotest"
 fi
 
-if test -d "$dotest"
+if test -d "$dotest" && test -f "$dotest/last" && test -f "$dotest/next"
 then
 	case "$#,$skip$resolved$abort" in
 	0,*t*)
@@ -504,7 +506,24 @@
 	esac
 	rm -f "$dotest/dirtyindex"
 else
-	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --resolved, nor --abort
+	# Possible stray $dotest directory in the independent-run
+	# case; in the --rebasing case, it is upto the caller
+	# (git-rebase--am) to take care of stray directories.
+	if test -d "$dotest" && test -z "$rebasing"
+	then
+		case "$skip,$resolved,$abort" in
+		,,t)
+			rm -fr "$dotest"
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stray \$dotest directory found.
+Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it.")"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --continue, nor --abort
 	test "$skip$resolved$abort" = "" ||
 		die "$(gettext "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming.")"
 
@@ -651,7 +670,7 @@
 	#  - patch is the patch body.
 	#
 	# When we are resuming, these files are either already prepared
-	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
+	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --continue flag.
 	case "$resume" in
 	'')
 		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
@@ -664,7 +683,7 @@
 			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
 			echo "$commit" >"$dotest/original-commit"
 			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" >"$dotest/author-script"
-			git diff-tree --root --binary "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
+			git diff-tree --root --binary --full-index "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
 		else
 			git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
 				<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
@@ -778,13 +797,6 @@
 	    action=yes
 	fi
 
-	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
-	then
-		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
-	else
-		FIRSTLINE=""
-	fi
-
 	if test $action = skip
 	then
 		go_next
@@ -797,6 +809,13 @@
 		stop_here $this
 	fi
 
+	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
+	then
+		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+	else
+		FIRSTLINE=""
+	fi
+
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Applying: \$FIRSTLINE")"
 
 	case "$resolved" in
@@ -904,5 +923,10 @@
     fi
 fi
 
-rm -fr "$dotest"
-git gc --auto
+# If am was called with --rebasing (from git-rebase--am), it's up to
+# the caller to take care of housekeeping.
+if ! test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+then
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	git gc --auto
+fi
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
index bc32f18..9cb123a 100755
--- a/git-archimport.perl
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 sub usage() {
     print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
        [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
        repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
 END
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 99efbe8..73b4c14 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 			# cogito usage, and cogito users should understand
 			# it relates to cg-seek.
 			[ -s "$GIT_DIR/head-name" ] &&
-				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on seeked tree")"
+				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree")"
 			start_head="${head#refs/heads/}"
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -311,7 +311,23 @@
 	res=$?
 
 	# Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
-	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+	if test $res -eq 10
+	then
+		bad_rev=$(git show-ref --hash --verify refs/bisect/bad)
+		bad_commit=$(git show-branch $bad_rev)
+		echo "# first bad commit: $bad_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		exit 0
+	elif test $res -eq 2
+	then
+		echo "# only skipped commits left to test" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		good_revs=$(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" "refs/bisect/good-*")
+		for skipped in $(git rev-list refs/bisect/bad --not $good_revs)
+		do
+			skipped_commit=$(git show-branch $skipped)
+			echo "# possible first bad commit: $skipped_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		done
+		exit $res
+	fi
 
 	# Check for an error in the bisection process
 	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 2e79b8a..7776f12 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 # endif
 #elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__USLC__) && \
       !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__) && \
-      !defined(__TANDEM)
+      !defined(__TANDEM) && !defined(__QNX__)
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
 #endif
@@ -85,10 +85,14 @@
 #define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1
 #define _SGI_SOURCE 1
 
-#ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#define GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -99,18 +103,22 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#ifdef __TANDEM /* or HAVE_STRINGS_H or !NO_STRINGS_H? */
+#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
 #include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */
 #endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#ifndef USE_WILDMATCH
 #include <fnmatch.h>
+#endif
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
@@ -120,6 +128,7 @@
 #else
 #include <poll.h>
 #endif
+
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
 /* pull in Windows compatibility stuff */
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
@@ -160,7 +169,6 @@
 #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
 #include <grp.h>
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
-#include "compat/cygwin.h"
 #else
 #undef _ALL_SOURCE /* AIX 5.3L defines a struct list with _ALL_SOURCE. */
 #include <grp.h>
@@ -209,6 +217,17 @@
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #endif
 
+/* On most systems <netdb.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. z/OS).
+ */
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
 /* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
  * not on some systems (e.g. GNU/Hurd).
  */
@@ -276,8 +295,26 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+/* The sentinel attribute is valid from gcc version 4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL __attribute__((sentinel))
+#else
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+#endif
+
 #include "compat/bswap.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#define FNM_PATHNAME WM_PATHNAME
+#define FNM_CASEFOLD WM_CASEFOLD
+#define FNM_NOMATCH  WM_NOMATCH
+static inline int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return wildmatch(pattern, string, flags, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* General helper functions */
 extern void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
 extern void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
@@ -288,8 +325,30 @@
 extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+#include "compat/apple-common-crypto.h"
+#else
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif /* APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO */
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif /* NO_OPENSSL */
+
+/*
+ * Let callers be aware of the constant return value; this can help
+ * gcc with -Wuninitialized analysis. We restrict this trick to gcc, though,
+ * because some compilers may not support variadic macros. Since we're only
+ * trying to help gcc, anyway, it's OK; other compilers will fall back to
+ * using the function as usual.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define error(...) (error(__VA_ARGS__), -1)
+#endif
+
 extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
 extern void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+extern void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void));
 
 extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
@@ -395,11 +454,6 @@
 extern intmax_t gitstrtoimax(const char *, char **, int);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-#define strtok_r gitstrtok_r
-extern char *gitstrtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
 #define hstrerror githstrerror
 extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
@@ -411,6 +465,10 @@
                 const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+#define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
 #ifdef fopen
 #undef fopen
@@ -461,7 +519,7 @@
 const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);
 #endif
 
-extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
+extern void release_pack_memory(size_t);
 
 typedef void (*try_to_free_t)(size_t);
 extern try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t);
@@ -511,13 +569,19 @@
 #undef isupper
 #undef tolower
 #undef toupper
-extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+extern const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define GIT_SPACE 0x01
 #define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
 #define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
 #define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
 #define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
 #define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
 #define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
 #define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
 #define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
@@ -529,6 +593,10 @@
 #define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
 #define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
 #define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[x] != -1)
 #define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
 #define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
 #define is_pathspec_magic(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
@@ -637,8 +705,13 @@
  */
 int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *path);
 
-/* Call access(2), but warn for any error besides ENOENT. */
-int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode);
+/*
+ * Call access(2), but warn for any error except "missing file"
+ * (ENOENT or ENOTDIR).
+ */
+#define ACCESS_EACCES_OK (1U << 0)
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
 
 /* Warn on an inaccessible file that ought to be accessible */
 void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path);
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index e6bf252..d13f02d 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
 
 sub usage {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
 END
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 8032f23..73d367c 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@
 use Time::Local;
 use IO::Socket;
 use IO::Pipe;
-use POSIX qw(strftime dup2 ENOENT);
+use POSIX qw(strftime tzset dup2 ENOENT);
 use IPC::Open2;
+use Git qw(get_tz_offset);
 
 $SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
-$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+set_timezone('UTC');
 
 our ($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_k,$opt_u,$opt_d,$opt_p,$opt_C,$opt_z,$opt_i,$opt_P, $opt_s,$opt_m,@opt_M,$opt_A,$opt_S,$opt_L, $opt_a, $opt_r, $opt_R);
-my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email);
+my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email, %conv_author_tz);
 
 sub usage(;$) {
 	my $msg = shift;
 	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
        [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
        [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
@@ -59,6 +60,14 @@
 			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
 			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
 		}
+		# or with an optional timezone:
+		#   spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
+		elsif (m/^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*(\S+?)\s*$/) {
+			$user = $1;
+			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
+			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
+			$conv_author_tz{$user} = $4;
+		}
 		# However, we also read from CVSROOT/users format
 		# to ease migration.
 		elsif (/^(\w+):(['"]?)(.+?)\2\s*$/) {
@@ -84,11 +93,22 @@
 	  die("Failed to open $file for writing: $!");
 
 	foreach (keys %conv_author_name) {
-		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>\n";
+		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>";
+		print $f " $conv_author_tz{$_}" if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
+		print $f "\n";
 	}
 	close ($f);
 }
 
+# Versions of perl before 5.10.0 may not automatically check $TZ each
+# time localtime is run (most platforms will do so only the first time).
+# We can work around this by using tzset() to update the internal
+# variable whenever we change the environment.
+sub set_timezone {
+	$ENV{TZ} = shift;
+	tzset();
+}
+
 # convert getopts specs for use by git config
 my %longmap = (
 	'A:' => 'authors-file',
@@ -795,7 +815,7 @@
 	return $tree;
 }
 
-my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
+my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$author_tz,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
 my (@old,@new,@skipped,%ignorebranch,@commit_revisions);
 
 # commits that cvsps cannot place anywhere...
@@ -844,7 +864,11 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $commit_date = strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date));
+	set_timezone($author_tz);
+	# $date is in the seconds since epoch format
+	my $tz_offset = get_tz_offset($date);
+	my $commit_date = "$date $tz_offset";
+	set_timezone('UTC');
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $commit_date;
@@ -945,12 +969,14 @@
 		}
 		$state=3;
 	} elsif ($state == 3 and s/^Author:\s+//) {
+		$author_tz = "UTC";
 		s/\s+$//;
 		if (/^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
 		    ($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
 		} elsif ($conv_author_name{$_}) {
 			$author_name = $conv_author_name{$_};
 			$author_email = $conv_author_email{$_};
+			$author_tz = $conv_author_tz{$_} if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
 		} else {
 		    $author_name = $author_email = $_;
 		}
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index b8eddab..95e69b1 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -51,11 +51,16 @@
 
 #### Definition and mappings of functions ####
 
+# NOTE: Despite the existence of req_CATCHALL and req_EMPTY unimplemented
+#  requests, this list is incomplete.  It is missing many rarer/optional
+#  requests.  Perhaps some clients require a claim of support for
+#  these specific requests for main functionality to work?
 my $methods = {
     'Root'            => \&req_Root,
     'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
     'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
     'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Sticky'          => \&req_Sticky,
     'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
     'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
     'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
@@ -80,7 +85,6 @@
     'noop'            => \&req_EMPTY,
     'annotate'        => \&req_annotate,
     'Global_option'   => \&req_Globaloption,
-    #'annotate'        => \&req_CATCHALL,
 };
 
 ##############################################
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@
 $log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
 
 my $usage =
-    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
     "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
     "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
     "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
@@ -426,10 +430,10 @@
 
     $log->debug("req_validrequests");
 
-    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods));
+    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods));
     $log->debug("SEND : ok");
 
-    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods) . "\n";
+    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods) . "\n";
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -467,11 +471,19 @@
     {
         $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
         $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        my %entries;
         foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
         {
-            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
-            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            $entries{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
         }
+        $state->{entries}=\%entries;
+
+        my %dirMap;
+        foreach my $dir ( keys %{$state->{dirMap}} )
+        {
+            $dirMap{$state->{prependdir} . $dir} = $state->{dirMap}{$dir};
+        }
+        $state->{dirMap}=\%dirMap;
     }
 
     if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
@@ -479,9 +491,60 @@
         $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
         $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
     }
+
+    if ( ! defined($state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}) )
+    {
+        $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}} =
+            {
+                'names' => {}
+                #'tagspec' => undef
+            };
+    }
+
     $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
 }
 
+# Sticky tagspec \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that the directory most
+#     recently specified with Directory has a sticky tag or date
+#     tagspec. The first character of tagspec is T for a tag, D for
+#     a date, or some other character supplied by a Set-sticky
+#     response from a previous request to the server. The remainder
+#     of tagspec contains the actual tag or date, again as supplied
+#     by Set-sticky.
+#          The server should remember Static-directory and Sticky requests
+#     for a particular directory; the client need not resend them each
+#     time it sends a Directory request for a given directory. However,
+#     the server is not obliged to remember them beyond the context
+#     of a single command.
+sub req_Sticky
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $tagspec ) = @_;
+
+    my ( $stickyInfo );
+    if($tagspec eq "")
+    {
+        # nothing
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $1 };
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo= { 'date' => $1 };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
+    }
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{stickyInfo}=$stickyInfo;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Sticky : tagspec=$tagspec repository=$state->{repository}"
+                . " path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory}"
+                . " module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
 # Entry entry-line \n
 #     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
 #     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
@@ -499,7 +562,7 @@
 
     #$log->debug("req_Entry : $data");
 
-    my @data = split(/\//, $data);
+    my @data = split(/\//, $data, -1);
 
     $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data[1]} = {
         revision    => $data[2],
@@ -508,6 +571,8 @@
         tag_or_date => $data[5],
     };
 
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{names}{$data[1]} = 'F';
+
     $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
 }
 
@@ -540,21 +605,22 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    argsfromdir($updater);
-
     my $addcount = 0;
 
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # no -r, -A, or -D with add
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev < 0))
+        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev=~/^-/))
         {
             # previously removed file, add back
-            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send 1.$meta->{revision}");
+            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send $meta->{revision}");
 
             print "MT +updated\n";
             print "MT text U \n";
@@ -571,8 +637,10 @@
 
                 # this is an "entries" line
                 my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-                $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entryLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entryLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                $log->debug($entryLine);
+                print "$entryLine\n";
                 # permissions
                 $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
                 print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
@@ -603,7 +671,8 @@
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
                         $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
-        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/" .
+              getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
         if(defined($requestedKopts))
@@ -671,7 +740,10 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # only from entries
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
@@ -680,13 +752,13 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 )
+        if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) )
         {
             print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' already scheduled for removal\n";
             next;
         }
 
-        unless ( $wrev == $meta->{revision} )
+        unless ( $wrev eq $meta->{revision} )
         {
             # TODO : not sure if the format of this message is quite correct.
             print "E cvs remove: Up to date check failed for `$filename'\n";
@@ -701,7 +773,7 @@
         print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-        print "/$filepart/-1.$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/" . getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         $rmcount++;
     }
@@ -881,6 +953,9 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+    my $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $state->{opt}{r},
+                       'date' => $state->{opt}{D} };
+
     my $module = $state->{args}[0];
     $state->{module} = $module;
     my $checkout_path = $module;
@@ -898,64 +973,32 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
+    my $headHash;
+    if( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+    {
+        $headHash = $updater->lookupCommitRef($stickyInfo->{tag});
+        if( !defined($headHash) )
+        {
+            print "error 1 no such tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}'\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+    }
+
     $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
 
-    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
-    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "0\n";
-
-    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
-    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
-
     my %seendirs = ();
     my $lastdir ='';
 
-    # recursive
-    sub prepdir {
-       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
-       my $parent = dirname($dir);
-       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
-       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
-       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
-       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
-       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    prepDirForOutput(
+            ".",
+            $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module",
+            $checkout_path,
+            \%seendirs,
+            'checkout',
+            $state->{dirArgs} );
 
-       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
-           $parent = '';
-       }
-       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
-       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
-           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
-       }
-       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
-       if ($parent) {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
-       } else {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
-       }
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-
-       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "0\n";
-
-       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
-    }
-
-    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->getAnyHead($headHash)} )
     {
         # Don't want to check out deleted files
         next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
@@ -963,16 +1006,13 @@
         my $fullName = $git->{name};
         ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
 
-       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
-           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
-           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
-               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
-                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
-               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
-               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
-           }
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
-       }
+        unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+            prepDirForOutput($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                             $checkout_path, \%seendirs, 'checkout',
+                             $state->{dirArgs} );
+            $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+            $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+        }
 
         # modification time of this file
         print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
@@ -992,7 +1032,8 @@
 
         # this is an "entries" line
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
-        print "/$git->{name}/1.$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                        getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         # permissions
         print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
 
@@ -1005,6 +1046,119 @@
     statecleanup();
 }
 
+# used by req_co and req_update to set up directories for files
+# recursively handles parents
+sub prepDirForOutput
+{
+    my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs) = @_;
+
+    my $parent = dirname($dir);
+    $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+    $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+    $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+    $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+
+    if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './')
+    {
+        $parent = '';
+    }
+    # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+    if( length($parent) &&
+        !exists($seendirs->{$parent}) &&
+        ( $request eq "checkout" ||
+          exists($dirArgs->{$parent}) ) )
+    {
+        prepDirForOutput($parent, $repodir, $remotedir,
+                         $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs);
+    }
+    # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+    if ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq './')
+    {
+        $dir = '';
+    }
+    if(exists($seendirs->{$dir}))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    my($thisRemoteDir,$thisRepoDir);
+    if ($dir ne "")
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir="$repodir/$dir";
+        if($remotedir eq ".")
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir=$dir;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir="$remotedir/$dir";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir=$repodir;
+        $thisRemoteDir=$remotedir;
+    }
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+    {
+        print "E cvs $request: Updating $thisRemoteDir\n";
+    }
+
+    my ($opt_r)=$state->{opt}{r};
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+    {
+        # $stickyInfo=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($opt_r) && $opt_r ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($state->{opt}{D}) && $state->{opt}{D} ne "" ) # TODO
+    {
+        $stickyInfo={ 'tag' => (defined($opt_r)?$opt_r:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $stickyInfo={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyInfo=getDirStickyInfo($state->{prependdir} . $dir);
+    }
+
+    my $stickyResponse;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo))
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Set-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n" .
+                          getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Clear-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+    }
+
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+    {
+        print $stickyResponse;
+
+        print "Clear-static-directory $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print $stickyResponse; # yes, twice
+        print "Template $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print "0\n";
+    }
+
+    $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+
+    # FUTURE: This would more accurately emulate CVS by sending
+    #   another copy of sticky after processing the files in that
+    #   directory.  Or intermediate: perhaps send all sticky's for
+    #   $seendirs after after processing all files.
+}
+
 # update \n
 #     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
 #     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
@@ -1048,29 +1202,19 @@
 
     #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my $last_dirname = "///";
+    my($repoDir);
+    $repoDir=$state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$state->{prependdir}";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argsFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($argsFilename);
 
         $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
 
-        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
-        {
-            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
-            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
-            {
-                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
-                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
-                {
-                    $cur_dirname = ".";
-                }
-                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
-            }
-        }
-
         # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1079,13 +1223,11 @@
             $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
         }
 
-        my $meta;
-        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ )
-        {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
-        } else {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        }
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename,
+                                           $state->{opt}{r},
+                                           $state->{opt}{D},
+                                           exists($state->{opt}{A}));
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $stickyInfo);
 
         # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
@@ -1098,23 +1240,41 @@
             next;
         }
 
+        # Directories:
+        prepDirForOutput(
+                dirname($argsFilename),
+                $repoDir,
+                ".",
+                \%seendirs,
+                "update",
+                $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
 	if ( ! defined $meta )
 	{
 	    $meta = {
 	        name => $filename,
-	        revision => 0,
+	        revision => '0',
 	        filehash => 'added'
 	    };
+	    if($wrev ne "0")
+	    {
+	        $meta->{filehash}='deleted';
+	    }
 	}
 
         my $oldmeta = $meta;
 
-        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
-
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $oldWrev=$wrev;
+        if(defined($oldWrev))
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            $oldWrev=~s/^-//;
+            if($oldWrev ne $meta->{revision})
+            {
+                $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $oldWrev);
+            }
         }
 
         #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
@@ -1123,7 +1283,7 @@
         # and the working copy is unmodified _and_ the user hasn't specified -C
         next if ( defined ( $wrev )
                   and defined($meta->{revision})
-                  and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                  and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
                   and $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
                   and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) );
 
@@ -1131,7 +1291,8 @@
         # but the working copy is modified, tell the client it's modified
         if ( defined ( $wrev )
              and defined($meta->{revision})
-             and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev ne "0"
              and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
              and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1142,8 +1303,12 @@
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" && $wrev ne "0" )
         {
+            # TODO: If it has been modified in the sandbox, error out
+            #   with the appropriate message, rather than deleting a modified
+            #   file.
+
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
 
             $log->info("Removing '$filename' from working copy (no longer in the repo)");
@@ -1161,7 +1326,7 @@
         {
             # normal update, just send the new revision (either U=Update,
             # or A=Add, or R=Remove)
-	    if ( defined($wrev) && $wrev < 0 )
+	    if ( defined($wrev) && ($wrev=~/^-/) )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for removal");
 		print "MT text R \n";
@@ -1169,7 +1334,8 @@
                 print "MT newline\n";
 		next;
 	    }
-	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev == 0) && (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} == 0) )
+	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev eq '0') &&
+                    (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} eq '0') )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for addition");
 		print "MT text A \n";
@@ -1179,7 +1345,7 @@
 
 	    }
 	    else {
-                $log->info("Updating '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
+                $log->info("UpdatingX3 '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
                 print "MT +updated\n";
                 print "MT text U \n";
                 print "MT fname $filename\n";
@@ -1199,10 +1365,6 @@
 		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
 		} else {
 		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
-		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
-		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
 
 		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
 		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
@@ -1211,8 +1373,10 @@
 
 		# this is an "entries" line
 		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-		$log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-		print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+		$log->debug($entriesLine);
+		print "$entriesLine\n";
 
 		# permissions
 		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
@@ -1222,7 +1386,6 @@
 		transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
 	    }
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating '$filename'");
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($meta->{name},1);
 
             my $mergeDir = setupTmpDir();
@@ -1237,7 +1400,7 @@
 
             # we need to merge with the local changes ( M=successful merge, C=conflict merge )
             $log->info("Merging $file_local, $file_old, $file_new");
-            print "M Merging differences between 1.$oldmeta->{revision} and 1.$meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
+            print "M Merging differences between $oldmeta->{revision} and $meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
 
             $log->debug("Temporary directory for merge is $mergeDir");
 
@@ -1260,8 +1423,10 @@
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                    $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                    my $entriesLine="/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             elsif ( $return == 1 )
@@ -1277,7 +1442,9 @@
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -1305,6 +1472,43 @@
 
     }
 
+    # prepDirForOutput() any other existing directories unless they already
+    # have the right sticky tag:
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{n} )
+    {
+        my $dir;
+        foreach $dir (keys(%{$state->{dirMap}}))
+        {
+            if( ! $seendirs{$dir} &&
+                exists($state->{dirArgs}{$dir}) )
+            {
+                my($oldTag);
+                $oldTag=$state->{dirMap}{$dir}{tagspec};
+
+                unless( ( exists($state->{opt}{A}) &&
+                          defined($oldTag) ) ||
+                          ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) &&
+                            ( !defined($oldTag) ||
+                              $state->{opt}{r} ne $oldTag ) ) )
+                        # TODO?: OR sticky dir is different...
+                {
+                    next;
+                }
+
+                prepDirForOutput(
+                        $dir,
+                        $repoDir,
+                        ".",
+                        \%seendirs,
+                        'update',
+                        $state->{dirArgs} );
+            }
+
+            # TODO?: Consider sending a final duplicate Sticky response
+            #   to more closely mimic real CVS.
+        }
+    }
+
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -1337,23 +1541,11 @@
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
-    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
-    chomp $parenthash;
-    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
-	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
-	    cleanupWorkTree();
-	    exit;
-    }
-
-    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
-
-    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
-
-    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
-
     my @committedfiles = ();
     my %oldmeta;
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    my $branchRef;
+    my $parenthash;
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
@@ -1363,7 +1555,67 @@
 
         next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        #####
+        # Figure out which branch and parenthash we are committing
+        # to, and setup worktree:
+
+        # should always come from entries:
+        my $fileStickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        if( !defined($branchRef) )
+        {
+            $stickyInfo = $fileStickyInfo;
+            if( defined($stickyInfo) &&
+                ( defined($stickyInfo->{date}) ||
+                  !defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) ) )
+            {
+                print "error 1 cannot commit with sticky date for file `$filename'\n";
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            $branchRef = "refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+            if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+            {
+                $branchRef = "refs/heads/$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+            }
+
+            $parenthash = `git show-ref -s $branchRef`;
+            chomp $parenthash;
+            if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+                {
+                    print "error 1 sticky tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}' for file `$filename' is not a branch\n";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+                }
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+            $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+            $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+        }
+        elsif( !refHashEqual($stickyInfo,$fileStickyInfo) )
+        {
+            #TODO: We could split the cvs commit into multiple
+            #  git commits by distinct stickyTag values, but that
+            #  is lowish priority.
+            print "error 1 Committing different files to different"
+                  . " branches is not currently supported\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        #####
+        # Process this file:
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
@@ -1380,11 +1632,12 @@
 
         my $addflag = 0;
         my $rmflag = 0;
-        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 );
+        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) );
         $addflag = 1 unless ( -e $filename );
 
         # Do up to date checking
-        unless ( $addflag or $wrev == $meta->{revision} or ( $rmflag and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} ) )
+        unless ( $addflag or $wrev eq $meta->{revision} or
+                 ( $rmflag and $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" ) )
         {
             # fail everything if an up to date check fails
             print "error 1 Up to date check failed for $filename\n";
@@ -1421,7 +1674,7 @@
             $log->info("Adding file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", "--add", $filename);
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating file '$filename'");
+            $log->info("UpdatingX2 file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", $filename);
         }
     }
@@ -1464,7 +1717,7 @@
     }
 
 	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
-	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', $branchRef,
 			$parenthash, $commithash );
 	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
 		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
@@ -1478,7 +1731,7 @@
 
 	### Update the ref
 	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
-			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+			$branchRef, $commithash, $parenthash)) {
 		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
 		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
 		cleanupWorkTree();
@@ -1492,7 +1745,7 @@
 
 		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
 
-		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash $branchRef\n";
 
 		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
 	}
@@ -1502,7 +1755,7 @@
 	### Then hooks/post-update
 	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
 	if (-x $hook) {
-		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+		system($hook, $branchRef);
 	}
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1510,9 +1763,9 @@
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
-	  $meta->{revision} = 1;
+	  $meta->{revision} = "1.1";
 	}
 
         my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
@@ -1522,19 +1775,20 @@
 	print "M $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v  <--  $dirpart$filepart\n";
         if ( defined $meta->{filehash} && $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
         {
-            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             print "Remove-entry $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
         } else {
-            if ($meta->{revision} == 1) {
+            if ($meta->{revision} eq "1.1") {
 	        print "M initial revision: 1.1\n";
             } else {
-	        print "M new revision: 1.$meta->{revision}; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+	        print "M new revision: $meta->{revision}; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             }
             print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
             my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-            print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                  getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1552,10 +1806,12 @@
     #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1563,67 +1819,140 @@
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        next if exists($state->{opt}{l}) && index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0;
-
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{l}) &&
+             index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0 )
+        {
+           next;
+        }
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that
+        # version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
         }
 
         # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
         my $status;
-        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status = "Up-to-date" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
-                                    and
-                                    ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                                      or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta->{filehash} ) )
-                                   );
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have
+        # the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and
+                 ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or
+                   $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) ) or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                        $meta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status = "Up-to-date"
+        }
 
-        # Need checkout if the working copy has an older revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev
-                                          and
-                                          ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
-                                            or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash} ) )
-                                        );
+        # Need checkout if the working copy has a different (usually
+        # older) revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is
+        # unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                                $oldmeta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
 
-        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working copy
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
+        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working
+        # copy
+        if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
 
-        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the same revision but there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Locally Modified" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision} and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the
+        # same revision but there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             $wrev ne "0" and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Modified";
+        }
 
-        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is less than repo copy and there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Needs Merge" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is different
+        # (usually older) than repo copy and there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Merge";
+        }
 
-        $status ||= "Locally Added" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-        $status ||= "Locally Removed" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} );
-        $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ );
-        $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge" if ( 0 );
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and
+             ( !defined($meta->{revision}) ||
+               $meta->{revision} eq "0" ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Added";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Removed";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict";
+        }
+        if ( 0 )
+        {
+            $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge";
+        }
 
         $status ||= "Unknown";
 
         my ($filepart) = filenamesplit($filename);
 
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M File: $filepart\tStatus: $status\n";
         if ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Working revision:\t" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
+            print "M Working revision:\t" .
+                  $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
         } else {
             print "M Working revision:\tNo entry for $filename\n";
         }
         if ( defined($meta->{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Repository revision:\t1." . $meta->{revision} . "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Repository revision:\t" .
+                   $meta->{revision} .
+                   "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+            my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+            my($tag)=($tagOrDate=~m/^T(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($tag) )
+            {
+                $tag="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t$tag\n";
+            my($date)=($tagOrDate=~m/^D(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($date) )
+            {
+                $date="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t$date\n";
+            my($options)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{options};
+            if( $options eq "" )
+            {
+                $options="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t$options\n";
         } else {
             print "M Repository revision:\tNo revision control file\n";
         }
@@ -1651,98 +1980,151 @@
         $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
-    $revision1 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision1 ) );
-    $revision2 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision2 ) );
-
-    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " . ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) . " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
+    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " .
+                ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) .
+                " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
+    my($foundDiff);
+
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my($filename) = filecleanup($argFilename);
 
         my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # We need _something_ to diff against
-        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+        # Priority for revision1:
+        #  1. First -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - "0": added file not committed (empty contents for rev1)
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
-        # if we have a -r switch, use it
         if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
-            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && $wrev ne "0" )
+        {
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
+        }
+        if ( !defined($meta1) ||
+             $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                if(!defined($revision1))
+                {
+                    print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                }
                 next;
             }
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+            elsif( !defined($meta1) )
+            {
+                $meta1 = {
+                    name => $filename,
+                    revision => '0',
+                    filehash => 'deleted'
+                };
+            }
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
-        else
-        {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
-        }
+
+        # Priority for revision2:
+        #  1. Second -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. Modified file contents from client
+        #  3. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
         # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
         if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
-
-            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
-            {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision2 doesn't exist\n";
-                next;
-            }
-
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy
-        else
+        elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}))
         {
             $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+	    $meta2 = {
+                name => $filename,
+	        revision => '0',
+	        filehash => 'modified'
+            };
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && ($wrev!~/^-/) )
+        {
+            if(!defined($revision1))  # no revision and no modifications:
+            {
+                next;
+            }
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+        }
+        if(!defined($file2))
+        {
+            if ( !defined($meta2) ||
+                 $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+                {
+                    if(!defined($revision2))
+                    {
+                        print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                    }
+                    next;
+                }
+                elsif( !defined($meta2) )
+                {
+	            $meta2 = {
+                        name => $filename,
+	                revision => '0',
+	                filehash => 'deleted'
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets get one
-        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        if( $meta1->{filehash} eq $meta2->{filehash} )
+        {
+            $log->info("unchanged $filename");
+            next;
+        }
+
+        # Retrieve revision contents:
+        ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+        transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+
+        if(!defined($file2))
         {
             ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
             transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
         }
 
-        # We need to have retrieved something useful
-        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-
-        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        next if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev == $meta1->{revision}
-                  and
-                   ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                     or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta1->{filehash} ) )
-                  );
-
-        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
-        next unless ( defined($meta2) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) );
-
-        print "M Index: $filename\n";
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        # Generate the actual diff:
+        print "M Index: $argFilename\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta1->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta2->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta2 ) );
+        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) && $meta1->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta1->{revision}\n"
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) && $meta2->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta2->{revision}\n"
+        }
         print "M diff ";
-        foreach my $opt ( keys %{$state->{opt}} )
+        foreach my $opt ( sort keys %{$state->{opt}} )
         {
             if ( ref $state->{opt}{$opt} eq "ARRAY" )
             {
@@ -1752,30 +2134,79 @@
                 }
             } else {
                 print "-$opt ";
-                print "$state->{opt}{$opt} " if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) );
+                if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) )
+                {
+                    print "$state->{opt}{$opt} "
+                }
             }
         }
-        print "$filename\n";
+        print "$argFilename\n";
 
-        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " . ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
+        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " .
+                   ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
 
-        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+        # TODO: Use --label instead of -L because -L is no longer
+        #  documented and may go away someday.  Not sure if there there are
+        #  versions that only support -L, which would make this change risky?
+        #  http://osdir.com/ml/bug-gnu-utils-gnu/2010-12/msg00060.html
+        #    ("man diff" should actually document the best migration strategy,
+        #  [current behavior, future changes, old compatibility issues
+        #  or lack thereof, etc], not just stop mentioning the option...)
+        # TODO: Real CVS seems to include a date in the label, before
+        #  the revision part, without the keyword "revision".  The following
+        #  has minimal changes compared to original versions of
+        #  git-cvsserver.perl.  (Mostly tab vs space after filename.)
 
+        my (@diffCmd) = ( 'diff' );
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+        {
+            push @diffCmd,"-N";
+        }
         if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
         {
-            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision 1.$meta1->{revision}' -L '$filename " . ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ? "revision 1.$meta2->{revision}" : "working copy" ) . "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        } else {
-            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        }
+            push @diffCmd,("-u","-L");
+            if( $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                push @diffCmd,"/dev/null";
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("$argFilename\trevision $meta1->{revision}");
+            }
 
-        while ( <$fh> )
-        {
-            print "M $_";
+            if( defined($meta2->{filehash}) )
+            {
+                if( $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L","/dev/null");
+                } else {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L",
+                                   "$argFilename\trevision $meta2->{revision}");
+                }
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("-L","$argFilename\tworking copy");
+            }
         }
-        close $fh;
+        push @diffCmd,($file1,$file2);
+        if(!open(DIFF,"-|",@diffCmd))
+        {
+            $log->warn("Unable to run diff: $!");
+        }
+        my($diffLine);
+        while(defined($diffLine=<DIFF>))
+        {
+            print "M $diffLine";
+            $foundDiff=1;
+        }
+        close(DIFF);
     }
 
-    print "ok\n";
+    if($foundDiff)
+    {
+        print "error  \n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+    }
 }
 
 sub req_log
@@ -1787,22 +2218,19 @@
     $log->debug("req_log : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
     #$log->debug("log state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
-    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /([\d.]+)?(::?)([\d.]+)?/ )
+    my ( $revFilter );
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) )
     {
-        my $control = $2;
-        $minrev = $1;
-        $maxrev = $3;
-        $minrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $minrev ) );
-        $maxrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $maxrev ) );
-        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+        $revFilter = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we
+    # should be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1812,53 +2240,46 @@
 
         my $headmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
 
-        my $revisions = $updater->getlog($filename);
-        my $totalrevisions = scalar(@$revisions);
-
-        if ( defined ( $minrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions less than $minrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[-1]{revision} < $minrev )
-            {
-                pop @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
-        if ( defined ( $maxrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions greater than $maxrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[0]{revision} > $maxrev )
-            {
-                shift @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
+        my ($revisions,$totalrevisions) = $updater->getlog($filename,
+                                                           $revFilter);
 
         next unless ( scalar(@$revisions) );
 
         print "M \n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
         print "M Working file: $filename\n";
-        print "M head: 1.$headmeta->{revision}\n";
+        print "M head: $headmeta->{revision}\n";
         print "M branch:\n";
         print "M locks: strict\n";
         print "M access list:\n";
         print "M symbolic names:\n";
         print "M keyword substitution: kv\n";
-        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " . scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
+        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " .
+              scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
         print "M description:\n";
 
         foreach my $revision ( @$revisions )
         {
             print "M ----------------------------\n";
-            print "M revision 1.$revision->{revision}\n";
+            print "M revision $revision->{revision}\n";
             # reformat the date for log output
-            $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s', $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 ) if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) );
+            if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and
+                 defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) )
+            {
+                $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s',
+                                            $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 );
+            }
             $revision->{author} = cvs_author($revision->{author});
-            print "M date: $revision->{modified};  author: $revision->{author};  state: " . ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) . ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
-            my $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
+            print "M date: $revision->{modified};" .
+                  "  author: $revision->{author};  state: " .
+                  ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) .
+                  ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
+            my $commitmessage;
+            $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
             $commitmessage =~ s/^/M /mg;
             print $commitmessage . "\n";
         }
-        print "M =============================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 70 ) . "\n";
     }
 
     print "ok\n";
@@ -1964,7 +2385,7 @@
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author} = cvs_author($metadata->{$commithash}{author});
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} = sprintf("%02d-%s-%02d", $1, $2, $3) if ( $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} =~ /^(\d+)\s(\w+)\s\d\d(\d\d)/ );
                 }
-                printf("M 1.%-5d      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
+                printf("M %-7s      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{revision},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified},
@@ -2005,7 +2426,7 @@
         $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
         $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
         $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
-        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2, N => 0 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
         $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
         $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
         $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
@@ -2071,74 +2492,346 @@
     }
 }
 
-# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
+# Used by argsfromdir
+sub expandArg
+{
+    my ($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$path,$isDir) = @_;
+
+    my $fullPath = filecleanup($path);
+
+      # Is it a directory?
+    if( defined($state->{dirMap}{$fullPath}) ||
+        defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) )
+    {
+          # It is a directory in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=1;
+
+        if(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("Inconsistent file/dir type");
+            die "Inconsistent file/dir type";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+    {
+          # It is a file in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=0;
+    }
+    my($revDirMap,$otherRevDirMap);
+    if(!defined($isDir) || $isDir)
+    {
+          # Resolve version tree for sticky tag:
+          # (for now we only want list of files for the version, not
+          # particular versions of those files: assume it is a directory
+          # for the moment; ignore Entry's stick tag)
+
+          # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+          #    -A       [head]
+          #    -r /tag/
+          #    [file entry sticky tag, but that is only relevant to files]
+          #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [head]
+          # Also, -r may appear twice (for diff).
+          #
+          # FUTURE: When/if -j (merges) are supported, we also
+          #  need to add relevant files from one or two
+          #  versions specified with -j.
+
+        if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap();
+        }
+        elsif( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and
+               ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[0]);
+            $otherRevDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[1]);
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{opt}{r}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($sticky)=getDirStickyInfo($fullPath);
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($sticky->{tag});
+        }
+
+          # Is it a directory?
+        if( defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}) ||
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            $isDir=1;
+        }
+    }
+
+      # What to do with it?
+    if(!$isDir)
+    {
+        $outNameMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $outDirMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+
+        if(defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $revDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+        if( defined($otherRevDirMap) &&
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# Used by argsfromdir
+# Add entries from dirMap to outNameMap.  Also recurse into entries
+# that are subdirectories.
+sub addDirMapFiles
+{
+    my($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$dirMap)=@_;
+
+    my($fullName);
+    foreach $fullName (keys(%$dirMap))
+    {
+        my $cleanName=$fullName;
+        if(defined($state->{prependdir}))
+        {
+            if(!($cleanName=~s/^\Q$state->{prependdir}\E//))
+            {
+                $log->fatal("internal error stripping prependdir");
+                die "internal error stripping prependdir";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "F")
+        {
+            $outNameMap->{$cleanName}=1;
+        }
+        elsif($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "D")
+        {
+            if(!$state->{opt}{l})
+            {
+                expandArg($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$cleanName,1);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error in addDirMapFiles");
+            die "internal error in addDirMapFiles";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# This method replaces $state->{args} with a directory-expanded
+# list of all relevant filenames (recursively unless -d), based
+# on $state->{entries}, and the "current" list of files in
+# each directory.  "Current" files as determined by
+# either the requested (-r/-A) or "req_Sticky" version of
+# that directory.
+#    Both the input args and the new output args are relative
+# to the cvs-client's CWD, although some of the internal
+# computations are relative to the top of the project.
 sub argsfromdir
 {
     my $updater = shift;
 
-    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+    # Notes about requirements for specific callers:
+    #   update # "standard" case (entries; a single -r/-A/default; -l)
+    #          # Special case: -d for create missing directories.
+    #   diff # 0 or 1 -r's: "standard" case.
+    #        # 2 -r's: We could ignore entries (just use the two -r's),
+    #        # but it doesn't really matter.
+    #   annotate # "standard" case
+    #   log # Punting: log -r has a more complex non-"standard"
+    #       # meaning, and we don't currently try to support log'ing
+    #       # branches at all (need a lot of work to
+    #       # support CVS-consistent branch relative version
+    #       # numbering).
+#HERE: But we still want to expand directories.  Maybe we should
+#  essentially force "-A".
+    #   status # "standard", except that -r/-A/default are not possible.
+    #          # Mostly only used to expand entries only)
+    #
+    # Don't use argsfromdir at all:
+    #   add # Explicit arguments required.  Directory args imply add
+    #       # the directory itself, not the files in it.
+    #   co  # Obtain list directly.
+    #   remove # HERE: TEST: MAYBE client does the recursion for us,
+    #          # since it only makes sense to remove stuff already in
+    #          # the sandobx?
+    #   ci # HERE: Similar to remove...
+    #      # Don't try to implement the confusing/weird
+    #      # ci -r bug er.."feature".
 
-    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
-
-    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
-
-    # push added files
-    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
-	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
-		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} == 0 )
-	{
-	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
-	}
-    }
-
-    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+    if(scalar(@{$state->{args}})==0)
     {
-        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
-        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+        $state->{args} = [ "." ];
+    }
+    my %allArgs;
+    my %allDirs;
+    for my $file (@{$state->{args}})
+    {
+        expandArg($updater,\%allArgs,\%allDirs,$file);
+    }
 
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+    # Include any entries from sandbox.  Generally client won't
+    # send entries that shouldn't be used.
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}})
+    {
+        $allArgs{remove_prependdir($file)} = 1;
+    }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+    $state->{dirArgs} = \%allDirs;
+    $state->{args} = [
+        sort {
+                # Sort priority: by directory depth, then actual file name:
+            my @piecesA=split('/',$a);
+            my @piecesB=split('/',$b);
+
+            my $count=scalar(@piecesA);
+            my $tmp=scalar(@piecesB);
+            return $count<=>$tmp if($count!=$tmp);
+
+            for($tmp=0;$tmp<$count;$tmp++)
+            {
+                if($piecesA[$tmp] ne $piecesB[$tmp])
+                {
+                    return $piecesA[$tmp] cmp $piecesB[$tmp]
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        } keys(%allArgs) ];
+}
+
+## look up directory sticky tag, of either fullPath or a parent:
+sub getDirStickyInfo
+{
+    my($fullPath)=@_;
+
+    $fullPath=~s%/+$%%;
+    while($fullPath ne "" && !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}))
+    {
+        $fullPath=~s%/?[^/]*$%%;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) &&
+        ( $fullPath eq "" ||
+          $fullPath eq "." ) )
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{""}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+}
+
+# Resolve precedence of various ways of specifying which version of
+# a file you want.  Returns undef (for default head), or a ref to a hash
+# that contains "tag" and/or "date" keys.
+sub resolveStickyInfo
+{
+    my($filename,$stickyTag,$stickyDate,$reset) = @_;
+
+    # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+    #    -A       [head]
+    #    -r /tag/
+    #    [file entry sticky tag]
+    #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [head]
+
+    my $result;
+    if($reset)
+    {
+        # $result=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($stickyTag) && $stickyTag ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($stickyDate) && $stickyDate ne "" )   # TODO
+    {
+        $result={ 'tag' => (defined($stickyTag)?$stickyTag:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $result={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    elsif( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}) &&
+           defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date}) &&
+           $state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date} ne "" )
+    {
+        my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+        if($tagOrDate=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $result = { 'tag' => $1 };
         }
-
-        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
-    } else {
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
-
-        $state->{args} = [];
-
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        elsif($tagOrDate=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $result= { 'date' => $1 };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
         }
     }
+    else
+    {
+        $result=getDirStickyInfo($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+# Convert a stickyInfo (ref to a hash) as returned by resolveStickyInfo into
+# a form appropriate for the sticky tag field of an Entries
+# line (field index 5, 0-based).
+sub getStickyTagOrDate
+{
+    my($stickyInfo)=@_;
+
+    my $result;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}))
+    {
+        $result="T$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+    }
+    # TODO: When/if we actually pick versions by {date} properly,
+    #   also handle it here:
+    #   "D$stickyInfo->{date}" (example: "D2011.04.13.20.37.07").
+    else
+    {
+        $result="";
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
 # This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
 sub statecleanup
 {
     $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = {};
     $state->{args} = [];
     $state->{arguments} = [];
     $state->{entries} = {};
+    $state->{dirMap} = {};
 }
 
+# Return working directory CVS revision "1.X" out
+# of the the working directory "entries" state, for the given filename.
+# This is prefixed with a dash if the file is scheduled for removal
+# when it is committed.
 sub revparse
 {
     my $filename = shift;
 
-    return undef unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) );
-
-    return $1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ );
-    return -$1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^-1\.(\d+)/ );
-
-    return undef;
+    return $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision};
 }
 
 # This method takes a file hash and does a CVS "file transfer".  Its
@@ -2217,6 +2910,9 @@
     return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
 }
 
+# Cleanup various junk in filename (try to canonicalize it), and
+# add prependdir to accommodate running CVS client from a
+# subdirectory (so the output is relative to top directory of the project).
 sub filecleanup
 {
     my $filename = shift;
@@ -2228,11 +2924,36 @@
         return undef;
     }
 
+    if($filename eq ".")
+    {
+        $filename="";
+    }
     $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename =~ s%/+%/%g;
     $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    $filename =~ s%/$%%;
     return $filename;
 }
 
+# Remove prependdir from the path, so that is is relative to the directory
+# the CVS client was started from, rather than the top of the project.
+# Essentially the inverse of filecleanup().
+sub remove_prependdir
+{
+    my($path) = @_;
+    if(defined($state->{prependdir}) && $state->{prependdir} ne "")
+    {
+        my($pre)=$state->{prependdir};
+        $pre=~s%/$%%;
+        if(!($path=~s%^\Q$pre\E/?%%))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error missing prependdir");
+            die("internal error missing prependdir");
+        }
+    }
+    return $path;
+}
+
 sub validateGitDir
 {
     if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
@@ -2444,42 +3165,14 @@
         }
         elsif( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*guess\s*$/i) )
         {
-            if( $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" &&
-                !defined($name) )
+            if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
             {
-                my ($ret)=$state->{entries}{$path}{options};
-                if( !defined($ret) )
-                {
-                    $ret=$state->{opt}{k};
-                    if(defined($ret))
-                    {
-                        $ret="-k$ret";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        $ret="";
-                    }
-                }
-                if( ! ($ret=~/^(|-kb|-kkv|-kkvl|-kk|-ko|-kv)$/) )
-                {
-                    print "E Bad -k option\n";
-                    $log->warn("Bad -k option: $ret");
-                    die "Error: Bad -k option: $ret\n";
-                }
-
-                return $ret;
+                $log->debug("... as binary");
+                return "-kb";
             }
             else
             {
-                if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as binary");
-                    return "-kb";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as text");
-                }
+                $log->debug("... as text");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2586,7 +3279,7 @@
             die "Unable to open file $name: $!\n";
         }
     }
-    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" || $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" )
+    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" )
     {
         unless ( defined ( $name ) and $name =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
         {
@@ -2674,6 +3367,45 @@
     return $ret;
 }
 
+# Test if the (deep) values of two references to a hash are the same.
+sub refHashEqual
+{
+    my($v1,$v2) = @_;
+
+    my $out;
+    if(!defined($v1))
+    {
+        if(!defined($v2))
+        {
+            $out=1;
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( !defined($v2) ||
+           scalar(keys(%{$v1})) != scalar(keys(%{$v2})) )
+    {
+        # $out=undef;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $out=1;
+
+        my $key;
+        foreach $key (keys(%{$v1}))
+        {
+            if( !exists($v2->{$key}) ||
+                defined($v1->{$key}) ne defined($v2->{$key}) ||
+                ( defined($v1->{$key}) &&
+                  $v1->{$key} ne $v2->{$key} ) )
+            {
+               $out=undef;
+               last;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $out;
+}
+
 
 package GITCVS::log;
 
@@ -2894,6 +3626,9 @@
 
     die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
 
+    # Stores full sha1's for various branch/tag names, abbreviations, etc:
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+
     $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
         $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
     $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
@@ -2929,6 +3664,16 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the revision table if required
+    # The revision table stores an entry for each file, each time that file
+    # changes.
+    #   numberOfRecords = O( numCommits * averageNumChangedFilesPerCommit )
+    # This is not sufficient to support "-r {commithash}" for any
+    # files except files that were modified by that commit (also,
+    # some places in the code ignore/effectively strip out -r in
+    # some cases, before it gets passed to getmeta()).
+    # The "filehash" field typically has a git blob hash, but can also
+    # be set to "dead" to indicate that the given version of the file
+    # should not exist in the sandbox.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("revision")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
@@ -2956,6 +3701,15 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the head table if required
+    # The head table (along with the "last_commit" entry in the property
+    # table) is the persisted working state of the "sub update" subroutine.
+    # All of it's data is read entirely first, and completely recreated
+    # last, every time "sub update" runs.
+    # This is also used by "sub getmeta" when it is asked for the latest
+    # version of a file (as opposed to some specific version).
+    # Another way of thinking about it is as a single slice out of
+    # "revisions", giving just the most recent revision information for
+    # each file.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("head")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
@@ -2978,6 +3732,7 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the properties table if required
+    #  - "last_commit" - Used by "sub update".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("properties")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
@@ -2990,6 +3745,11 @@
     }
 
     # Construct the commitmsgs table if required
+    # The commitmsgs table is only used for merge commits, since
+    # "sub update" will only keep one branch of parents.  Shortlogs
+    # for ignored commits (i.e. not on the chosen branch) will be used
+    # to construct a replacement "collapsed" merge commit message,
+    # which will be stored in this table.  See also "sub commitmessage".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("commitmsgs")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
@@ -3021,6 +3781,14 @@
 
 =head2 update
 
+Bring the database up to date with the latest changes from
+the git repository.
+
+Internal working state is read out of the "head" table and the
+"last_commit" property, then it updates "revisions" based on that, and
+finally it writes the new internal state back to the "head" table
+so it can be used as a starting point the next time update is called.
+
 =cut
 sub update
 {
@@ -3043,6 +3811,8 @@
     my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
 
     if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         # invalidate the gethead cache
+         $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
          return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3060,45 +3830,10 @@
         push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
     }
     # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
-    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
-
-    my @commits;
-
-    my %commit = ();
-
-    while ( <GITLOG> )
-    {
-        chomp;
-        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
-            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
-            # and prime things for the next one
-            if (keys %commit) {
-                my %copy = %commit;
-                unshift @commits, \%copy;
-                %commit = ();
-            }
-            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
-            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
-            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
-        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
-            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
-            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
-            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
-        } else {
-            # message lines - skip initial empty line
-            # and trim whitespace
-            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
-                # define it to mark the end of headers
-                $commit{message} = '';
-                next;
-            }
-            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
-            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    close GITLOG;
-
-    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
 
     # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
     # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
@@ -3116,7 +3851,7 @@
     my $commitcount = 0;
 
     # Load the head table into $head (for cached lookups during the update process)
-    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead()} )
+    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead(1)} )
     {
         $head->{$file->{name}} = $file;
     }
@@ -3134,17 +3869,18 @@
                 next;
             } elsif (@{$commit->{parents}} > 1) {
                 # it is a merge commit, for each parent that is
-                # not $lastpicked, see if we can get a log
+                # not $lastpicked (not given a CVS revision number),
+                # see if we can get a log
                 # from the merge-base to that parent to put it
                 # in the message as a merge summary.
                 my @parents = @{$commit->{parents}};
                 foreach my $parent (@parents) {
-                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
-                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
-                    # that the first one is the best one.
                     if ($parent eq $lastpicked) {
                         next;
                     }
+                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
+                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
+                    # that the first one is the best one.
 		    my $base = eval {
 			    safe_pipe_capture('git', 'merge-base',
 						 $lastpicked, $parent);
@@ -3196,7 +3932,7 @@
         }
 
         # convert the date to CVS-happy format
-        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+        my $cvsDate = convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
 
         if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
         {
@@ -3205,7 +3941,7 @@
             while ( <FILELIST> )
             {
 		chomp;
-                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+([0-7]{6})\s+[a-f0-9]{40}\s+([a-f0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
                 {
                     die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
                 }
@@ -3215,11 +3951,7 @@
 
                 # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
 
-                my $git_perms = "";
-                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
-                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
-                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
-                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 if ( $change eq "D" )
                 {
@@ -3229,11 +3961,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => "deleted",
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
                 {
@@ -3243,11 +3975,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "A" )
                 {
@@ -3257,11 +3989,11 @@
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -3284,7 +4016,7 @@
                     die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
                 }
 
-                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+                my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
 
                 $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
 
@@ -3294,18 +4026,10 @@
                     $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
                 );
 
-                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
-                {
-                    $git_perms = "";
-                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
-                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
-                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
-                } else {
-                    $git_perms = "rw";
-                }
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
-                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $dbMode )
                 {
                     my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
 
@@ -3314,29 +4038,29 @@
                         revision => $newrevision,
                         filehash => $git_hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
 
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
             }
             close FILELIST;
 
             # Detect deleted files
-            foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+            foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
             {
                 unless ( exists $seen_files->{$file} or $head->{$file}{filehash} eq "deleted" )
                 {
                     $head->{$file}{revision}++;
                     $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
                     $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
-                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $cvsDate;
                     $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
                 }
             }
             # END : "Detect deleted files"
@@ -3354,7 +4078,7 @@
     }
 
     $self->delete_head();
-    foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+    foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
     {
         $self->insert_head(
             $file,
@@ -3367,13 +4091,94 @@
         );
     }
     # invalidate the gethead cache
-    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+    $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
 
 
     # Ending exclusive lock here
     $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
 }
 
+sub readCommits
+{
+    my $pipeHandle = shift;
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <$pipeHandle> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub convertToCvsDate
+{
+    my $date = shift;
+    # Convert from: "git rev-list --pretty" formatted date
+    # Convert to: "the format specified by RFC822 as modified by RFC1123."
+    # Example: 26 May 1997 13:01:40 -0400
+    if( $date =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ )
+    {
+        $date = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5";
+    }
+
+    return $date;
+}
+
+sub convertToDbMode
+{
+    my $mode = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: The CVS protocol uses a string similar "u=rw,g=rw,o=rw",
+    #  but the database "mode" column historically (and currently)
+    #  only stores the "rw" (for user) part of the string.
+    #    FUTURE: It might make more sense to persist the raw
+    #  octal mode (or perhaps the final full CVS form) instead of
+    #  this half-converted form, but it isn't currently worth the
+    #  backwards compatibility headaches.
+
+    $mode=~/^\d{3}(\d)\d\d$/;
+    my $userBits=$1;
+
+    my $dbMode = "";
+    $dbMode .= "r" if ( $userBits & 4 );
+    $dbMode .= "w" if ( $userBits & 2 );
+    $dbMode .= "x" if ( $userBits & 1 );
+    $dbMode = "rw" if ( $dbMode eq "" );
+
+    return $dbMode;
+}
+
 sub insert_rev
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3426,19 +4231,6 @@
     $insert_head->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
 }
 
-sub _headrev
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
-
-    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT filehash, revision, mode FROM $tablename WHERE name=?",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-    my ( $hash, $revision, $mode ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
-
-    return ( $hash, $revision, $mode );
-}
-
 sub _get_prop
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3478,6 +4270,7 @@
 sub gethead
 {
     my $self = shift;
+    my $intRev = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
 
     return $self->{gethead_cache} if ( defined ( $self->{gethead_cache} ) );
@@ -3488,6 +4281,10 @@
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        if(!$intRev)
+        {
+            $file->{revision} = "1.$file->{revision}"
+        }
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
@@ -3496,26 +4293,222 @@
     return $tree;
 }
 
+=head2 getAnyHead
+
+Returns a reference to an array of getmeta structures, one
+per file in the specified tree hash.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getAnyHead
+{
+    my ($self,$hash) = @_;
+
+    if(!defined($hash))
+    {
+        return $self->gethead();
+    }
+
+    my @files;
+    {
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        @files=<$filePipe>;
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+    my $tree=[];
+    my($line);
+    foreach $line (@files)
+    {
+        $line=~s/\0$//;
+        unless ( $line=~/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+        {
+            die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+        }
+
+        my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+        push @$tree, $self->getMetaFromCommithash($git_filename,$hash);
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getRevisionDirMap
+
+A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
+with a particular revision (tree-ish), organized by directory:
+
+  $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
+
+The type of each is "F" (for ordinary file) or "D" (for directory,
+for which the map $out->{$fullName} will also exist).
+
+=cut
+
+sub getRevisionDirMap
+{
+    my ($self,$ver)=@_;
+
+    if(!defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}))
+    {
+        $self->{revisionDirMapCache}={};
+    }
+
+        # Get file list (previously cached results are dependent on HEAD,
+        # but are early in each case):
+    my $cacheKey;
+    my (@fileList);
+    if( !defined($ver) || $ver eq "" )
+    {
+        $cacheKey="";
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        my @head = @{$self->gethead()};
+        foreach my $file ( @head )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+            push @fileList,$file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my ($hash)=$self->lookupCommitRef($ver);
+        if( !defined($hash) )
+        {
+            return undef;
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey=$hash;
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        while ( <$filePipe> )
+        {
+            chomp;
+            unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+            {
+                die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+            }
+
+            my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+            push @fileList, $git_filename;
+        }
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+        # Convert to normalized form:
+    my %revMap;
+    my $file;
+    foreach $file (@fileList)
+    {
+        my($dir) = ($file=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+        $dir='' if(!defined($dir));
+
+            # parent directories:
+            # ... create empty dir maps for parent dirs:
+        my($td)=$dir;
+        while(!defined($revMap{$td}))
+        {
+            $revMap{$td}={};
+
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+            # ... add children to parent maps (now that they exist):
+        $td=$dir;
+        while($td ne "")
+        {
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+
+            if(defined($revMap{$tp}{$td}))
+            {
+                if($revMap{$tp}{$td} ne 'D')
+                {
+                    die "Weird file/directory inconsistency in $cacheKey";
+                }
+                last;   # loop exit
+            }
+            $revMap{$tp}{$td}='D';
+
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+
+            # file
+        $revMap{$dir}{$file}='F';
+    }
+
+        # Save in cache:
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}=\%revMap;
+    return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+}
+
 =head2 getlog
 
+See also gethistorydense().
+
 =cut
 
 sub getlog
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
+    my $revFilter = shift;
+
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
+    # Filters:
+    # TODO: date, state, or by specific logins filters?
+    # TODO: Handle comma-separated list of revFilter items, each item
+    #   can be a range [only case currently handled] or individual
+    #   rev or branch or "branch.".
+    # TODO: Adjust $db_query WHERE clause based on revFilter, instead of
+    #   manually filtering the results of the query?
+    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
+    if( defined($revFilter) and
+        $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^(1.(\d+))?(::?)(1.(\d.+))?$/ )
+    {
+        my $control = $3;
+        $minrev = $2;
+        $maxrev = $5;
+        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+    }
+
     my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, author, mode, revision, modified, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
+    my $totalRevs=0;
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        $totalRevs++;
+        if( defined($minrev) and $file->{revision} < $minrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+        if( defined($maxrev) and $file->{revision} > $maxrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+
+        $file->{revision} = "1." . $file->{revision};
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
-    return $tree;
+    return ($tree,$totalRevs);
 }
 
 =head2 getmeta
@@ -3523,6 +4516,19 @@
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
 metadata for that file.
 
+There are several ways $revision can be specified:
+
+   - A reference to hash that contains a "tag" that is the
+     actual revision (one of the below).  TODO: Also allow it to
+     specify a "date" in the hash.
+   - undef, to refer to the latest version on the main branch.
+   - Full CVS client revision number (mapped to integer in DB, without the
+     "1." prefix),
+   - Complex CVS-compatible "special" revision number for
+     non-linear history (see comment below)
+   - git commit sha1 hash
+   - branch or tag name
+
 =cut
 
 sub getmeta
@@ -3533,22 +4539,347 @@
     my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
     my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
 
-    my $db_query;
-    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^\d+$/ )
+    if ( ref($revision) eq "HASH" )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    }
-    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
-    {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    } else {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $revision = $revision->{tag};
     }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    # Overview of CVS revision numbers:
+    #
+    # General CVS numbering scheme:
+    #   - Basic mainline branch numbers: "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", etc.
+    #   - Result of "cvs checkin -r" (possible, but not really
+    #     recommended): "2.1", "2.2", etc
+    #   - Branch tag: "1.2.0.n", where "1.2" is revision it was branched
+    #     from, "0" is a magic placeholder that identifies it as a
+    #     branch tag instead of a version tag, and n is 2 times the
+    #     branch number off of "1.2", starting with "2".
+    #   - Version on a branch: "1.2.n.x", where "1.2" is branch-from, "n"
+    #     is branch number off of "1.2" (like n above), and "x" is
+    #     the version number on the branch.
+    #   - Branches can branch off of branches: "1.3.2.7.4.1" (even number
+    #     of components).
+    #   - Odd "n"s are used by "vendor branches" that result
+    #     from "cvs import".  Vendor branches have additional
+    #     strangeness in the sense that the main rcs "head" of the main
+    #     branch will (temporarily until first normal commit) point
+    #     to the version on the vendor branch, rather than the actual
+    #     main branch.  (FUTURE: This may provide an opportunity
+    #     to use "strange" revision numbers for fast-forward-merged
+    #     branch tip when CVS client is asking for the main branch.)
+    #
+    # git-cvsserver CVS-compatible special numbering schemes:
+    #   - Currently git-cvsserver only tries to be identical to CVS for
+    #     simple "1.x" numbers on the "main" branch (as identified
+    #     by the module name that was originally cvs checkout'ed).
+    #   - The database only stores the "x" part, for historical reasons.
+    #     But most of the rest of the cvsserver preserves
+    #     and thinks using the full revision number.
+    #   - To handle non-linear history, it uses a version of the form
+    #     "2.1.1.2000.b.b.b."..., where the 2.1.1.2000 is to help uniquely
+    #     identify this as a special revision number, and there are
+    #     20 b's that together encode the sha1 git commit from which
+    #     this version of this file originated.  Each b is
+    #     the numerical value of the corresponding byte plus
+    #     100.
+    #      - "plus 100" avoids "0"s, and also reduces the
+    #        likelihood of a collision in the case that someone someday
+    #        writes an import tool that tries to preserve original
+    #        CVS revision numbers, and the original CVS data had done
+    #        lots of branches off of branches and other strangeness to
+    #        end up with a real version number that just happens to look
+    #        like this special revision number form.  Also, if needed
+    #        there are several ways to extend/identify alternative encodings
+    #        within the "2.1.1.2000" part if necessary.
+    #      - Unlike real CVS revisions, you can't really reconstruct what
+    #        relation a revision of this form has to other revisions.
+    #   - FUTURE: TODO: Rework database somehow to make up and remember
+    #     fully-CVS-compatible branches and branch version numbers.
+
+    my $meta;
+    if ( defined($revision) )
+    {
+        if ( $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+        {
+            my ($intRev) = $1;
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^2\.1\.1\.2000(\.[1-3][0-9][0-9]){20}$/ )
+        {
+            my ($commitHash)=($revision=~/^2\.1\.1\.2000(.*)$/);
+            $commitHash=~s/\.([0-9]+)/sprintf("%02x",$1-100)/eg;
+            if($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$commitHash);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision or commit=$commitHash\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision with commithash=$commitHash");
+            undef $revision;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            # Try DB first.  This is mostly only useful for req_annotate(),
+            # which only calls this for stuff that should already be in
+            # the DB.  It is fairly likely to be a waste of time
+            # in most other cases [unless the file happened to be
+            # modified in $revision specifically], but
+            # it is probably in the noise compared to how long
+            # getMetaFromCommithash() will take.
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+
+            if(! $meta)
+            {
+                my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+                if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+                {
+                    return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+                }
+
+                # error recovery: nothing found:
+                print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+                $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+                return $meta;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+            if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+            undef $revision;  # Allow fallback
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!defined($revision))
+    {
+        my $db_query;
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    }
+
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+    }
+    return $meta;
+}
+
+sub getMetaFromCommithash
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revCommit = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: This function doesn't scale well (lots of forks), especially
+    #   if you have many files that have not been modified for many commits
+    #   (each git-rev-parse redoes a lot of work for each file
+    #   that theoretically could be done in parallel by smarter
+    #   graph traversal).
+    #
+    # TODO: Possible optimization strategies:
+    #   - Solve the issue of assigning and remembering "real" CVS
+    #     revision numbers for branches, and ensure the
+    #     data structure can do this efficiently.  Perhaps something
+    #     similar to "git notes", and carefully structured to take
+    #     advantage same-sha1-is-same-contents, to roll the same
+    #     unmodified subdirectory data onto multiple commits?
+    #   - Write and use a C tool that is like git-blame, but
+    #     operates on multiple files with file granularity, instead
+    #     of one file with line granularity.  Cache
+    #     most-recently-modified in $self->{commitRefCache}{$revCommit}.
+    #     Try to be intelligent about how many files we do with
+    #     one fork (perhaps one directory at a time, without recursion,
+    #     and/or include directory as one line item, recurse from here
+    #     instead of in C tool?).
+    #   - Perhaps we could ask the DB for (filename,fileHash),
+    #     and just guess that it is correct (that the file hadn't
+    #     changed between $revCommit and the found commit, then
+    #     changed back, confusing anything trying to interpret
+    #     history).  Probably need to add another index to revisions
+    #     DB table for this.
+    #   - NOTE: Trying to store all (commit,file) keys in DB [to
+    #     find "lastModfiedCommit] (instead of
+    #     just files that changed in each commit as we do now) is
+    #     probably not practical from a disk space perspective.
+
+        # Does the file exist in $revCommit?
+    # TODO: Include file hash in dirmap cache.
+    my($dirMap)=$self->getRevisionDirMap($revCommit);
+    my($dir,$file)=($filename=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*$)%);
+    if(!defined($dir))
+    {
+        $dir="";
+    }
+    if( !defined($dirMap->{$dir}) ||
+        !defined($dirMap->{$dir}{$filename}) )
+    {
+        my($fileHash)="deleted";
+
+        my($retVal)={};
+        $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+        $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+
+            # not needed and difficult to compute:
+        $retVal->{revision}="0";  # $revision;
+        $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+        #$retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+        #$retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+        #$retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+        return $retVal;
+    }
+
+    my($fileHash)=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","$revCommit:$filename");
+    chomp $fileHash;
+    if(!($fileHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        die "Invalid fileHash '$fileHash' looking up"
+                    ." '$revCommit:$filename'\n";
+    }
+
+    # information about most recent commit to modify $filename:
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list',
+         '--max-count=1', '--pretty', '--parents',
+         $revCommit, '--', $filename)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
+    if(scalar(@commits)!=1)
+    {
+        die "Can't find most recent commit changing $filename\n";
+    }
+    my($commit)=$commits[0];
+    if( !defined($commit) || !defined($commit->{hash}) )
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    # does this (commit,file) have a real assigned CVS revision number?
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+        "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+        {},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename, $commit->{hash});
+    my($meta)=$db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+        return $meta;
+    }
+
+    # fall back on special revision number
+    my($revision)=$commit->{hash};
+    $revision=~s/(..)/'.' . (hex($1)+100)/eg;
+    $revision="2.1.1.2000$revision";
+
+    # meta data about $filename:
+    open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z',
+                $commit->{hash}, '--', $filename)
+            or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+    local $/ = "\0";
+    my $line;
+    $line=<$filePipe>;
+    if(defined(<$filePipe>))
+    {
+        die "Expected only a single file for git-ls-tree $filename\n";
+    }
+    close $filePipe;
+
+    chomp $line;
+    unless ( $line=~m/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+    {
+        die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $line\n");
+    }
+    my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+    # save result:
+    my($retVal)={};
+    $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+    $retVal->{revision}=$revision;
+    $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+    $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+    $retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+    $retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+    $retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+    return $retVal;
+}
+
+=head2 lookupCommitRef
+
+Convert tag/branch/abbreviation/etc into a commit sha1 hash.  Caches
+the result so looking it up again is fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub lookupCommitRef
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ref = shift;
+
+    my $commitHash = $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref};
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        return $commitHash;
+    }
+
+    $commitHash=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","--verify","--quiet",
+                                  $self->unescapeRefName($ref));
+    $commitHash=~s/\s*$//;
+    if(!($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        $commitHash=undef;
+    }
+
+    if( defined($commitHash) )
+    {
+        my $type=safe_pipe_capture("git","cat-file","-t",$commitHash);
+        if( ! ($type=~/^commit\s*$/ ) )
+        {
+            $commitHash=undef;
+        }
+    }
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref}=$commitHash;
+    }
+    return $commitHash;
+}
+
+=head2 clearCommitRefCaches
+
+Clears cached commit cache (sha1's for various tags/abbeviations/etc),
+and related caches.
+
+=cut
+
+sub clearCommitRefCaches
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache} = undef;
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
 }
 
 =head2 commitmessage
@@ -3583,25 +4914,6 @@
     return $message;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistory
-
-This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending
-
-=cut
-sub gethistory
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
-
-    my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
-}
-
 =head2 gethistorydense
 
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
@@ -3611,6 +4923,8 @@
 The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
 and other git tools that depend on it.
 
+See also getlog().
+
 =cut
 sub gethistorydense
 {
@@ -3622,7 +4936,106 @@
     $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    my $result = $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+
+    my $i;
+    for($i=0 ; $i<scalar(@$result) ; $i++)
+    {
+        $result->[$i][0]="1." . $result->[$i][0];
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+=head2 escapeRefName
+
+Apply an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub escapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # CVS officially only allows [-_A-Za-z0-9] in tag names (or in
+    # many contexts it can also be a CVS revision number).
+    #
+    # Git tags commonly use '/' and '.' as well, but also handle
+    # anything else just in case:
+    #
+    #   = "_-s-"  For '/'.
+    #   = "_-p-"  For '.'.
+    #   = "_-u-"  For underscore, in case someone wants a literal "_-" in
+    #     a tag name.
+    #   = "_-xx-" Where "xx" is the hexadecimal representation of the
+    #     desired ASCII character byte. (for anything else)
+
+    if(! $refName=~/^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[1-9][0-9]*)*$/)
+    {
+        $refName=~s/_-/_-u--/g;
+        $refName=~s/\./_-p-/g;
+        $refName=~s%/%_-s-%g;
+        $refName=~s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9]/sprintf("_-%02x-",$1)/eg;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 unescapeRefName
+
+Undo an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
+
+=cut
+sub unescapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # see escapeRefName() for description of escape mechanism.
+
+    $refName=~s/_-([spu]|[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])-/unescapeRefNameChar($1)/eg;
+
+    # allowed tag names
+    # TODO: Perhaps use git check-ref-format, with an in-process cache of
+    #  validated names?
+    if( !( $refName=~m%^[^-][-a-zA-Z0-9_/.]*$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%[/.]$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~/\.lock$/ ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%\.\.|/\.|[[\\:?*~]|\@\{% ) )  # matching }
+    {
+        # Error:
+        $log->warn("illegal refName: $refName");
+        $refName=undef;
+    }
+    return $refName;
+}
+
+sub unescapeRefNameChar
+{
+    my($char)=@_;
+
+    if($char eq "s")
+    {
+        $char="/";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "p")
+    {
+        $char=".";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "u")
+    {
+        $char="_";
+    }
+    elsif($char=~/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$/)
+    {
+        $char=chr(hex($char));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        # Error case: Maybe it has come straight from user, and
+        # wasn't supposed to be escaped?  Restore it the way we got it:
+        $char="_-$char-";
+    }
+
+    return $char;
 }
 
 =head2 in_array()
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
index 3d0fe0c..b00ed95 100755
--- a/git-difftool--helper.sh
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
 	if should_prompt
 	then
-		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		printf "\nViewing: '%s'\n" "$MERGED"
 		if use_ext_cmd
 		then
 			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " \
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index edd0493..e57d3d12 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Error qw(:try);
 use File::Basename qw(dirname);
 use File::Copy;
-use File::Compare;
 use File::Find;
 use File::stat;
 use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
@@ -59,57 +59,16 @@
 	return $worktree;
 }
 
-sub filter_tool_scripts
-{
-	my ($tools) = @_;
-	if (-d $_) {
-		if ($_ ne ".") {
-			# Ignore files in subdirectories
-			$File::Find::prune = 1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ((-f $_) && ($_ ne "defaults")) {
-			push(@$tools, $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 sub print_tool_help
 {
-	my ($cmd, @found, @notfound, @tools);
-	my $gitpath = Git::exec_path();
+	my $cmd = 'TOOL_MODE=diff';
+	$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
+	$cmd .= ' && show_tool_help';
 
-	find(sub { filter_tool_scripts(\@tools) }, "$gitpath/mergetools");
-
-	foreach my $tool (@tools) {
-		$cmd  = "TOOL_MODE=diff";
-		$cmd .= ' && . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"';
-		$cmd .= " && get_merge_tool_path $tool >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		$cmd .= " && can_diff >/dev/null 2>&1";
-		if (system('sh', '-c', $cmd) == 0) {
-			push(@found, $tool);
-		} else {
-			push(@notfound, $tool);
-		}
-	}
-
-	print << 'EOF';
-'git difftool --tool=<tool>' may be set to one of the following:
-EOF
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@found));
-
-	print << 'EOF';
-
-The following tools are valid, but not currently available:
-EOF
-	print "\t$_\n" for (sort(@notfound));
-
-	print << 'EOF';
-
-NOTE: Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed
-environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail.
-EOF
-	exit(0);
+	# See the comment at the bottom of file_diff() for the reason behind
+	# using system() followed by exit() instead of exec().
+	my $rc = system('sh', '-c', $cmd);
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
 }
 
 sub exit_cleanup
@@ -124,6 +83,54 @@
 	exit($status | ($status >> 8));
 }
 
+sub use_wt_file
+{
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $file, $sha1) = @_;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+
+	if (! -e "$workdir/$file") {
+		# If the file doesn't exist in the working tree, we cannot
+		# use it.
+		return (0, $null_sha1);
+	}
+
+	my $wt_sha1 = $repo->command_oneline('hash-object', "$workdir/$file");
+	my $use = ($sha1 eq $null_sha1) || ($sha1 eq $wt_sha1);
+	return ($use, $wt_sha1);
+}
+
+sub changed_files
+{
+	my ($repo_path, $index, $worktree) = @_;
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index;
+	$ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = $worktree;
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	my @refreshargs = qw/update-index --really-refresh -q --unmerged/;
+	my @gitargs = qw/diff-files --name-only -z/;
+	try {
+		Git::command_oneline(@refreshargs);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {};
+
+	my $line = Git::command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	my @files;
+	if (defined $line) {
+		@files = split('\0', $line);
+	} else {
+		@files = ();
+	}
+
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+
+	return map { $_ => 1 } @files;
+}
+
 sub setup_dir_diff
 {
 	my ($repo, $workdir, $symlinks) = @_;
@@ -147,6 +154,7 @@
 	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
 	my $lindex = '';
 	my $rindex = '';
+	my $wtindex = '';
 	my %submodule;
 	my %symlink;
 	my @working_tree = ();
@@ -200,10 +208,13 @@
 		}
 
 		if ($rmode ne $null_mode) {
-			if ($rsha1 ne $null_sha1) {
-				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			my ($use, $wt_sha1) = use_wt_file($repo, $workdir,
+							  $dst_path, $rsha1);
+			if ($use) {
+				push @working_tree, $dst_path;
+				$wtindex .= "$rmode $wt_sha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			} else {
-				push(@working_tree, $dst_path);
+				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -244,13 +255,21 @@
 	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$rdir/");
 	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
 
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/wtindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index --info-only -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $wtindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
 	# If $GIT_DIR was explicitly set just for the update/checkout
 	# commands, then it should be unset before continuing.
 	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
 	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
 
 	# Changes in the working tree need special treatment since they are
-	# not part of the index
+	# not part of the index. Remove any trailing slash from $workdir
+	# before starting to avoid double slashes in symlink targets.
+	$workdir =~ s|/$||;
 	for my $file (@working_tree) {
 		my $dir = dirname($file);
 		unless (-d "$rdir/$dir") {
@@ -377,7 +396,7 @@
 	}
 	if ($opts{gui}) {
 		my $guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
-		if (length($guitool) > 0) {
+		if (defined($guitool) && length($guitool) > 0) {
 			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
 		}
 	}
@@ -414,19 +433,34 @@
 	# should be copied back to the working tree.
 	# Do not copy back files when symlinks are used and the
 	# external tool did not replace the original link with a file.
+	#
+	# These hashes are loaded lazily since they aren't needed
+	# in the common case of --symlinks and the difftool updating
+	# files through the symlink.
+	my %wt_modified;
+	my %tmp_modified;
+	my $indices_loaded = 0;
+
 	for my $file (@worktree) {
 		next if $symlinks && -l "$b/$file";
 		next if ! -f "$b/$file";
 
-		my $diff = compare("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file");
-		if ($diff == 0) {
-			next;
-		} elsif ($diff == -1) {
-			my $errmsg = "warning: Could not compare ";
-			$errmsg += "'$b/$file' with '$workdir/$file'\n";
+		if (!$indices_loaded) {
+			%wt_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$workdir");
+			%tmp_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$b");
+			$indices_loaded = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (exists $wt_modified{$file} and exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $errmsg = "warning: Both files modified: ";
+			$errmsg .= "'$workdir/$file' and '$b/$file'.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning: Working tree file has been left.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning:\n";
 			warn $errmsg;
 			$error = 1;
-		} elsif ($diff == 1) {
+		} elsif (exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
 			my $mode = stat("$b/$file")->mode;
 			copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or
 			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
index 178e453..86d6994 100755
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,37 +64,19 @@
 
 eval "$functions"
 
-# When piped a commit, output a script to set the ident of either
-# "author" or "committer
+finish_ident() {
+	# Ensure non-empty id name.
+	echo "case \"\$GIT_$1_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_$1_NAME=\"\${GIT_$1_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_$1_NAME;; esac"
+	# And make sure everything is exported.
+	echo "export GIT_$1_NAME"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_EMAIL"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_DATE"
+}
 
 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
-	pick_id_script='
-		/^'$lid' /{
-			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-			h
-			s/^'$lid' \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_NAME='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_NAME/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_DATE='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_DATE/p
-
-			q
-		}
-	'
-
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_id_script"
-	# Ensure non-empty id name.
-	echo "case \"\$GIT_${uid}_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_${uid}_NAME=\"\${GIT_${uid}_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_${uid}_NAME;; esac"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR committer COMMITTER
+	finish_ident AUTHOR
+	finish_ident COMMITTER
 }
 
 USAGE="[--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
@@ -217,6 +199,7 @@
 	test -d "$tempdir" &&
 		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
 esac
+orig_dir=$(pwd)
 mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
 tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
 cd "$tempdir/t" &&
@@ -224,7 +207,7 @@
 die ""
 
 # Remove tempdir on exit
-trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+trap 'cd "$orig_dir"; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
 
 ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
 ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
@@ -272,7 +255,7 @@
 	remap_to_ancestor=t
 fi
 
-rev_args=$(git rev-parse --revs-only "$@")
+git rev-parse --revs-only "$@" >../parse
 
 case "$filter_subdir" in
 "")
@@ -285,7 +268,7 @@
 esac
 
 git rev-list --reverse --topo-order --default HEAD \
-	--parents --simplify-merges $rev_args "$@" > ../revs ||
+	--parents --simplify-merges --stdin "$@" <../parse >../revs ||
 	die "Could not get the commits"
 commits=$(wc -l <../revs | tr -d " ")
 
@@ -300,11 +283,12 @@
 
 	case "$filter_subdir" in
 	"")
-		git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 git read-tree -i -m $commit
 		;;
 	*)
 		# The commit may not have the subdirectory at all
-		err=$(git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
+		err=$(GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 \
+		      git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
 			if ! git rev-parse -q --verify $commit:"$filter_subdir"
 			then
 				rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -320,10 +304,8 @@
 	git cat-file commit "$commit" >../commit ||
 		die "Cannot read commit $commit"
 
-	eval "$(set_ident AUTHOR <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting author failed for commit $commit"
-	eval "$(set_ident COMMITTER <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting committer failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$(set_ident <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting author/committer failed for commit $commit"
 	eval "$filter_env" < /dev/null ||
 		die "env filter failed: $filter_env"
 
@@ -489,7 +471,7 @@
 	done
 fi
 
-cd ../..
+cd "$orig_dir"
 rm -rf "$tempdir"
 
 trap - 0
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 49b62ea..0a1f8d4 100755
--- a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.17.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=0.18.GITGUI
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/git-gui/Makefile b/git-gui/Makefile
index e22ba5c..e9c2bc3 100644
--- a/git-gui/Makefile
+++ b/git-gui/Makefile
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
 	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
 	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
 	else \
-	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
+	 echo >&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
 	 rm -f $@ ; \
 	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
 	 echo >>$@ && \
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@
 GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
 	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
 	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
-		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
+		echo >$@ "$$VARS"; \
 	fi
 
 ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index 89f636f..153f85d 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -137,6 +137,20 @@
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
+## On Mac, bring the current Wish process window to front
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+	catch {
+		exec osascript -e [format {
+			tell application "System Events"
+				set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+			end tell
+		} [pid]]
+	}
+}
+
+######################################################################
+##
 ## read only globals
 
 set _appname {Git Gui}
@@ -3003,18 +3017,11 @@
 	set jump_spec {}
 	set is_path 0
 	foreach a $argv {
-		if {[file exists $a]} {
-			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $a]
-			break
-		} elseif {[file exists $_prefix$a]} {
-			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$a]
-			break
-		}
+		set p [file join $_prefix $a]
 
-		if {$is_path} {
+		if {$is_path || [file exists $p]} {
 			if {$path ne {}} usage
+			set path [normalize_relpath $p]
 			break
 		} elseif {$a eq {--}} {
 			if {$path ne {}} {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
index 657f7d5..ee58981 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
@@ -286,7 +286,9 @@
 	destroy $w_body
 	if {![winfo exists $w_next]} {
 		${NS}::button $w_next -default active
-		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 -before $w_quit
+		set pos -before
+		if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { set pos -after }
+		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 $pos $w_quit
 	}
 	_do_$action $this
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
index ec44055..30d9a79 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
@@ -764,8 +764,15 @@
 				# context line
 				set ln [$ui_diff get $i_l $next_l]
 				set patch "$patch$pre_context$ln"
-				set n [expr $n+1]
-				set m [expr $m+1]
+				# Skip the "\ No newline at end of
+				# file". Depending on the locale setting
+				# we don't know what this line looks
+				# like exactly. The only thing we do
+				# know is that it starts with "\ "
+				if {![string match {\\ *} $ln]} {
+					set n [expr $n+1]
+					set m [expr $m+1]
+				}
 				set pre_context {}
 			} elseif {$c1 eq $to_context} {
 				# turn change line into context line
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
index 3c8e73b..120bc40 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@
 	}
 	bc3 {
 		if {$base_stage ne {}} {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		} else {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		}
 	}
 	ecmerge {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
index 5e4e7f4..4e5c784 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@
 	set prune_m $remote_m.prune
 	if {$have_remote > 1} {
 		make_sure_remote_submenues_exist $remote_m
-		if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
+		if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+			&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
 
 			$fetch_m insert end separator
 			$fetch_m insert end command \
@@ -259,7 +260,8 @@
 		}
 	} else {
 		if {[winfo exists $fetch_m]} {
-			if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
+			if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+				&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
 
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
diff --git a/git-gui/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
index 40441db..0aff186 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:514
 msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
-msgstr "Copy complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
+msgstr "Copie complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:520
 msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
index f612cb8..07dfeb8 100755
--- a/git-merge-one-file.sh
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
 USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
-LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+LONG_USAGE="usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
 
 Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 cd_to_toplevel
 require_work_tree
 
-if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+if test $# != 7
 then
 	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
 	exit 1
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
 # Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
 #
 "$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
-	if [ "$2" ]; then
+	if test -n "$2"
+	then
 		echo "Removing $4"
 	else
 		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@
 		# we do not have it in the index, though.
 		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
 	fi
-	if test -f "$4"; then
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
 		rm -f -- "$4" &&
 		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
 	fi &&
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@
 	echo "Adding $4"
 	if test -f "$4"
 	then
-		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
@@ -78,9 +80,10 @@
 # Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
 #
 ".$3$2")
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
-		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches," >&2
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Adding $4"
@@ -95,44 +98,36 @@
 
 	case ",$6,$7," in
 	*,120000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	*,160000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	src1=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+	src2=$(git-unpack-file $3)
 	case "$1" in
 	'')
 		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
-		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
-		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
-		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-		@@DIFF@@ -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
-		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-
-		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
-		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
-		expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+		create_virtual_base "$orig" "$src2"
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Auto-merging $4"
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $1)
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
-	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
-	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
 	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
 	ret=$?
 	msg=
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+	if test $ret != 0 || test -z "$1"
+	then
 		msg='content conflict'
+		ret=1
 	fi
 
 	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
@@ -140,26 +135,26 @@
 	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4" || exit 1
 	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
 
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		if test -n "$msg"
+		then
 			msg="$msg, "
 		fi
 		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
 		ret=1
 	fi
-	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
-		ret=1
-	fi
 
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+	if test $ret != 0
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	exec git update-index -- "$4"
 	;;
 
 *)
-	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3" >&2
 	;;
 esac
 exit 1
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index f013a03..a280f49 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,83 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+
+: ${MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=$(git --exec-path)/mergetools}
+
+mode_ok () {
+	if diff_mode
+	then
+		can_diff
+	elif merge_mode
+	then
+		can_merge
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+is_available () {
+	merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$1") &&
+	type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_config_tools () {
+	section=$1
+	line_prefix=${2:-}
+
+	git config --get-regexp $section'\..*\.cmd' |
+	while read -r key value
+	do
+		toolname=${key#$section.}
+		toolname=${toolname%.cmd}
+
+		printf "%s%s\n" "$line_prefix" "$toolname"
+	done
+}
+
+show_tool_names () {
+	condition=${1:-true} per_line_prefix=${2:-} preamble=${3:-}
+	not_found_msg=${4:-}
+	extra_content=${5:-}
+
+	shown_any=
+	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
+		while read toolname
+		do
+			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
+				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
+			then
+				if test -n "$preamble"
+				then
+					printf "%s\n" "$preamble"
+					preamble=
+				fi
+				shown_any=yes
+				printf "%s%s\n" "$per_line_prefix" "$toolname"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$extra_content"
+		then
+			if test -n "$preamble"
+			then
+				# Note: no '\n' here since we don't want a
+				# blank line if there is no initial content.
+				printf "%s" "$preamble"
+				preamble=
+			fi
+			shown_any=yes
+			printf "\n%s\n" "$extra_content"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$preamble" && test -n "$not_found_msg"
+		then
+			printf "%s\n" "$not_found_msg"
+		fi
+
+		test -n "$shown_any"
+	}
+}
+
 diff_mode() {
 	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
 }
@@ -30,61 +108,97 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-valid_tool_config () {
-	if test -n "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	then
-		return 0
-	else
-		return 1
-	fi
+valid_tool () {
+	setup_tool "$1" && return 0
+	cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	test -n "$cmd"
 }
 
-valid_tool () {
-	setup_tool "$1" || valid_tool_config "$1"
+setup_user_tool () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$tool")
+	test -n "$merge_tool_cmd" || return 1
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		status=$?
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		trust_exit_code=$(git config --bool \
+			"mergetool.$1.trustExitCode" || echo false)
+		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
+		then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			status=$?
+		fi
+		return $status
+	}
 }
 
 setup_tool () {
-	case "$1" in
-	vim*|gvim*)
-		tool=vim
-		;;
-	*)
-		tool="$1"
-		;;
-	esac
-	mergetools="$(git --exec-path)/mergetools"
+	tool="$1"
 
-	# Load the default definitions
-	. "$mergetools/defaults"
-	if ! test -f "$mergetools/$tool"
+	# Fallback definitions, to be overridden by tools.
+	can_merge () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	can_diff () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		status=1
+		return $status
+	}
+
+	translate_merge_tool_path () {
+		echo "$1"
+	}
+
+	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 	then
-		return 1
+		setup_user_tool
+		return $?
 	fi
 
 	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$mergetools/$tool"
+	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	# Now let the user override the default command for the tool.  If
+	# they have not done so then this will return 1 which we ignore.
+	setup_user_tool
 
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	elif diff_mode && ! can_diff
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can only be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
 
 get_merge_tool_cmd () {
-	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
 	merge_tool="$1"
 	if diff_mode
 	then
-		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
-			git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "difftool.$merge_tool.cmd" ||
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	else
-		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -95,12 +209,12 @@
 	GIT_PREFIX=${GIT_PREFIX:-.}
 	export GIT_PREFIX
 
-	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	merge_tool_path=$(get_merge_tool_path "$1") || exit
 	base_present="$2"
 	status=0
 
 	# Bring tool-specific functions into scope
-	setup_tool "$1"
+	setup_tool "$1" || return 1
 
 	if merge_mode
 	then
@@ -113,38 +227,12 @@
 
 # Run a either a configured or built-in diff tool
 run_diff_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-		return $status
-	else
-		diff_cmd "$1"
-	fi
+	diff_cmd "$1"
 }
 
 # Run a either a configured or built-in merge tool
 run_merge_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -n "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
-			mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
-		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
-		then
-			touch "$BACKUP"
-			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-			status=$?
-			check_unchanged
-		else
-			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-			status=$?
-		fi
-		return $status
-	else
-		merge_cmd "$1"
-	fi
+	merge_cmd "$1"
 }
 
 list_merge_tool_candidates () {
@@ -162,7 +250,8 @@
 		else
 			tools="opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff meld $tools"
 		fi
-		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3 codecompare"
+		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse diffmerge ecmerge"
+		tools="$tools p4merge araxis bc3 codecompare"
 	fi
 	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
 	*vim*)
@@ -174,22 +263,61 @@
 	esac
 }
 
+show_tool_help () {
+	tool_opt="'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool=<tool>'"
+
+	tab='	'
+	LF='
+'
+	any_shown=no
+
+	cmd_name=${TOOL_MODE}tool
+	config_tools=$({
+		diff_mode && list_config_tools difftool "$tab$tab"
+		list_config_tools mergetool "$tab$tab"
+	} | sort)
+	extra_content=
+	if test -n "$config_tools"
+	then
+		extra_content="${tab}user-defined:${LF}$config_tools"
+	fi
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"$tool_opt may be set to one of the following:" \
+		"No suitable tool for 'git $cmd_name --tool=<tool>' found." \
+		"$extra_content" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && ! is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"${LF}The following tools are valid, but not currently available:" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	if test "$any_shown" = yes
+	then
+		echo
+		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
+		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
+	fi
+	exit 0
+}
+
 guess_merge_tool () {
 	list_merge_tool_candidates
-	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+	cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+	This message is displayed because '$TOOL_MODE.tool' is not configured.
+	See 'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
+	'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
+	$tools
+	EOF
 
 	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
-	for i in $tools
+	for tool in $tools
 	do
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			echo "$i"
-			return 0
-		fi
+		is_available "$tool" && echo "$tool" && return 0
 	done
 
-	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	echo >&2 "No known ${TOOL_MODE} tool is available."
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +356,7 @@
 	fi
 	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"
 	then
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")
 	fi
 	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
 		! type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -242,11 +370,11 @@
 
 get_merge_tool () {
 	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
-	merge_tool="$(get_configured_merge_tool)"
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
 	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
 	if test -z "$merge_tool"
 	then
-		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
 	fi
 	echo "$merge_tool"
 }
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index c50e18a..332528f 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -315,43 +315,6 @@
 	return 0
 }
 
-show_tool_help () {
-	TOOL_MODE=merge
-	list_merge_tool_candidates
-	unavailable= available= LF='
-'
-	for i in $tools
-	do
-		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			available="$available$i$LF"
-		else
-			unavailable="$unavailable$i$LF"
-		fi
-	done
-	if test -n "$available"
-	then
-		echo "'git mergetool --tool=<tool>' may be set to one of the following:"
-		echo "$available" | sort | sed -e 's/^/	/'
-	else
-		echo "No suitable tool for 'git mergetool --tool=<tool>' found."
-	fi
-	if test -n "$unavailable"
-	then
-		echo
-		echo 'The following tools are valid, but not currently available:'
-		echo "$unavailable" | sort | sed -e 's/^/	/'
-	fi
-	if test -n "$unavailable$available"
-	then
-		echo
-		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
-		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
-	fi
-	exit 0
-}
-
 prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
 
 while test $# != 0
@@ -440,7 +403,7 @@
 fi
 
 printf "Merging:\n"
-printf "$files\n"
+printf "%s\n" "$files"
 
 IFS='
 '
diff --git a/git-p4.py b/git-p4.py
index 7d6c928..06a3cc6 100755
--- a/git-p4.py
+++ b/git-p4.py
@@ -7,10 +7,36 @@
 #            2007 Trolltech ASA
 # License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
 #
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git-p4: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+import os
+import optparse
+import marshal
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import time
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import stat
 
-import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
-import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
-import re, shutil
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
+    # Exception classes used by this module.
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
 
 verbose = False
 
@@ -53,12 +79,27 @@
         real_cmd += cmd
     return real_cmd
 
-def chdir(dir):
-    # P4 uses the PWD environment variable rather than getcwd(). Since we're
-    # not using the shell, we have to set it ourselves.  This path could
-    # be relative, so go there first, then figure out where we ended up.
-    os.chdir(dir)
-    os.environ['PWD'] = os.getcwd()
+def chdir(path, is_client_path=False):
+    """Do chdir to the given path, and set the PWD environment
+       variable for use by P4.  It does not look at getcwd() output.
+       Since we're not using the shell, it is necessary to set the
+       PWD environment variable explicitly.
+
+       Normally, expand the path to force it to be absolute.  This
+       addresses the use of relative path names inside P4 settings,
+       e.g. P4CONFIG=.p4config.  P4 does not simply open the filename
+       as given; it looks for .p4config using PWD.
+
+       If is_client_path, the path was handed to us directly by p4,
+       and may be a symbolic link.  Do not call os.getcwd() in this
+       case, because it will cause p4 to think that PWD is not inside
+       the client path.
+       """
+
+    os.chdir(path)
+    if not is_client_path:
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    os.environ['PWD'] = path
 
 def die(msg):
     if verbose:
@@ -129,17 +170,56 @@
     p.communicate()
     return p.returncode == 0
 
+def p4_has_move_command():
+    """See if the move command exists, that it supports -k, and that
+       it has not been administratively disabled.  The arguments
+       must be correct, but the filenames do not have to exist.  Use
+       ones with wildcards so even if they exist, it will fail."""
+
+    if not p4_has_command("move"):
+        return False
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd(["move", "-k", "@from", "@to"])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    (out, err) = p.communicate()
+    # return code will be 1 in either case
+    if err.find("Invalid option") >= 0:
+        return False
+    if err.find("disabled") >= 0:
+        return False
+    # assume it failed because @... was invalid changelist
+    return True
+
 def system(cmd):
     expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
     if verbose:
         sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
-    subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
 
 def p4_system(cmd):
     """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
     expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
-    subprocess.check_call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, real_cmd)
+
+_p4_version_string = None
+def p4_version_string():
+    """Read the version string, showing just the last line, which
+       hopefully is the interesting version bit.
+
+       $ p4 -V
+       Perforce - The Fast Software Configuration Management System.
+       Copyright 1995-2011 Perforce Software.  All rights reserved.
+       Rev. P4/NTX86/2011.1/393975 (2011/12/16).
+    """
+    global _p4_version_string
+    if not _p4_version_string:
+        a = p4_read_pipe_lines(["-V"])
+        _p4_version_string = a[-1].rstrip()
+    return _p4_version_string
 
 def p4_integrate(src, dest):
     p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
@@ -169,6 +249,29 @@
 def p4_move(src, dest):
     p4_system(["move", "-k", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
 
+def p4_describe(change):
+    """Make sure it returns a valid result by checking for
+       the presence of field "time".  Return a dict of the
+       results."""
+
+    ds = p4CmdList(["describe", "-s", str(change)])
+    if len(ds) != 1:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d did not return 1 result: %s" % (change, str(ds)))
+
+    d = ds[0]
+
+    if "p4ExitCode" in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d exited with %d: %s" % (change, d["p4ExitCode"],
+                                                      str(d)))
+    if "code" in d:
+        if d["code"] == "error":
+            die("p4 describe -s %d returned error code: %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    if "time" not in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d returned no \"time\": %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    return d
+
 #
 # Canonicalize the p4 type and return a tuple of the
 # base type, plus any modifiers.  See "p4 help filetypes"
@@ -491,43 +594,75 @@
     return proc.wait() == 0;
 
 _gitConfig = {}
-def gitConfig(key, args = None): # set args to "--bool", for instance
+
+def gitConfig(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        argsFilter = ""
-        if args != None:
-            argsFilter = "%s " % args
-        cmd = "git config %s%s" % (argsFilter, key)
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True).strip()
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigBool(key):
+    """Return a bool, using git config --bool.  It is True only if the
+       variable is set to true, and False if set to false or not present
+       in the config."""
+
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", "--bool", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        v = s.strip()
+        _gitConfig[key] = v == "true"
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
 def gitConfigList(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config --get-all %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip().split(os.linesep)
+        s = read_pipe(["git", "config", "--get-all", key], ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip().split(os.linesep)
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
-def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes=True):
+    """Find all the branches whose names start with "p4/", looking
+       in remotes or heads as specified by the argument.  Return
+       a dictionary of { branch: revision } for each one found.
+       The branch names are the short names, without any
+       "p4/" prefix."""
+
     branches = {}
 
     cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
     if branchesAreInRemotes:
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
+        cmdline += "--remotes"
     else:
-        cmdline += " --branches"
+        cmdline += "--branches"
 
     for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
         line = line.strip()
 
-        ## only import to p4/
-        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+        # only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/'):
             continue
-        branch = line
+        # special symbolic ref to p4/master
+        if line == "p4/HEAD":
+            continue
 
-        # strip off p4
-        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
+        # strip off p4/ prefix
+        branch = line[len("p4/"):]
 
         branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+
     return branches
 
+def branch_exists(branch):
+    """Make sure that the given ref name really exists."""
+
+    cmd = [ "git", "rev-parse", "--symbolic", "--verify", branch ]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, _ = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode:
+        return False
+    # expect exactly one line of output: the branch name
+    return out.rstrip() == branch
+
 def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
     branches = p4BranchesInGit()
     # map from depot-path to branch name
@@ -629,8 +764,7 @@
     #
     # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
     # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
-    ignorecase = gitConfig("core.ignorecase", "--bool") == "true"
-    if ignorecase:
+    if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
         return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
     return path.startswith(prefix)
 
@@ -646,11 +780,14 @@
     # dictionary of all client parameters
     entry = specList[0]
 
+    # the //client/ name
+    client_name = entry["Client"]
+
     # just the keys that start with "View"
     view_keys = [ k for k in entry.keys() if k.startswith("View") ]
 
     # hold this new View
-    view = View()
+    view = View(client_name)
 
     # append the lines, in order, to the view
     for view_num in range(len(view_keys)):
@@ -700,7 +837,8 @@
     return path
 
 def wildcard_present(path):
-    return path.translate(None, "*#@%") != path
+    m = re.search("[*#@%]", path)
+    return m is not None
 
 class Command:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -859,19 +997,21 @@
                 optparse.make_option("--dry-run", "-n", dest="dry_run", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--prepare-p4-only", dest="prepare_p4_only", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--conflict", dest="conflict_behavior",
-                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices)
+                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices),
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
         ]
         self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
         self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
         self.origin = ""
         self.detectRenames = False
-        self.preserveUser = gitConfig("git-p4.preserveUser").lower() == "true"
+        self.preserveUser = gitConfigBool("git-p4.preserveUser")
         self.dry_run = False
         self.prepare_p4_only = False
         self.conflict_behavior = None
         self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.exportLabels = False
-        self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_command("move")
+        self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_move_command()
+        self.branch = None
 
     def check(self):
         if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
@@ -959,7 +1099,8 @@
     def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
         # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
         self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        gitEmail = read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --format='%%ae' %s" % id)
+        gitEmail = read_pipe(["git", "log", "--max-count=1",
+                              "--format=%ae", id])
         gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
         if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
             return (None,gitEmail)
@@ -972,7 +1113,7 @@
             (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
             if not user:
                 msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
-                if gitConfig('git-p4.allowMissingP4Users').lower() == "true":
+                if gitConfigBool("git-p4.allowMissingP4Users"):
                     print "%s" % msg
                 else:
                     die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
@@ -1067,7 +1208,7 @@
            message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
 
         # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit"):
             return True
 
         # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
@@ -1083,7 +1224,7 @@
 
         # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
         # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck"):
             return True
 
         # modification time updated means user saved the file
@@ -1141,6 +1282,9 @@
                     p4_edit(dest)
                     pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    # turn off read-only attribute
+                    os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                 os.unlink(dest)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
             elif modifier == "R":
@@ -1159,6 +1303,8 @@
                         p4_edit(dest)   # with move: already open, writable
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
                 if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    if self.isWindows:
+                        os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     os.unlink(dest)
                     filesToDelete.add(src)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
@@ -1178,7 +1324,7 @@
 
             # Patch failed, maybe it's just RCS keyword woes. Look through
             # the patch to see if that's possible.
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup","--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup"):
                 file = None
                 pattern = None
                 kwfiles = {}
@@ -1199,6 +1345,10 @@
                 for file in kwfiles:
                     if verbose:
                         print "zapping %s with %s" % (line,pattern)
+                    # File is being deleted, so not open in p4.  Must
+                    # disable the read-only bit on windows.
+                    if self.isWindows and file not in editedFiles:
+                        os.chmod(file, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     self.patchRCSKeywords(file, kwfiles[file])
                     fixed_rcs_keywords = True
 
@@ -1408,8 +1558,8 @@
             for b in body:
                 labelTemplate += "\t" + b + "\n"
             labelTemplate += "View:\n"
-            for mapping in clientSpec.mappings:
-                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % mapping.depot_side.path
+            for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings:
+                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % depot_side
 
             if self.dry_run:
                 print "Would create p4 label %s for tag" % name
@@ -1421,7 +1571,7 @@
 
                 # Use the label
                 p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
-                          ["%s@%s" % (mapping.depot_side.path, changelist) for mapping in clientSpec.mappings])
+                          ["%s@%s" % (depot_side, changelist) for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings])
 
                 if verbose:
                     print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
@@ -1469,7 +1619,7 @@
             sys.exit(128)
 
         self.useClientSpec = False
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
             self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -1492,7 +1642,7 @@
             new_client_dir = True
             os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
 
-        chdir(self.clientPath)
+        chdir(self.clientPath, is_client_path=True)
         if self.dry_run:
             print "Would synchronize p4 checkout in %s" % self.clientPath
         else:
@@ -1505,11 +1655,11 @@
         self.check()
 
         commits = []
-        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--no-merges", "%s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)]):
             commits.append(line.strip())
         commits.reverse()
 
-        if self.preserveUser or (gitConfig("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck") == "true"):
+        if self.preserveUser or gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck"):
             self.checkAuthorship = False
         else:
             self.checkAuthorship = True
@@ -1545,7 +1695,7 @@
         else:
             self.diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder"):
             self.diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
 
         #
@@ -1608,6 +1758,8 @@
             print "All commits applied!"
 
             sync = P4Sync()
+            if self.branch:
+                sync.branch = self.branch
             sync.run([])
 
             rebase = P4Rebase()
@@ -1627,7 +1779,7 @@
                                            "--format=format:%h %s",  c])
                 print "You will have to do 'git p4 sync' and rebase."
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.exportLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.exportLabels"):
             self.exportLabels = True
 
         if self.exportLabels:
@@ -1637,7 +1789,7 @@
             missingGitTags = gitTags - p4Labels
             self.exportGitTags(missingGitTags)
 
-        # exit with error unless everything applied perfecly
+        # exit with error unless everything applied perfectly
         if len(commits) != len(applied):
                 sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -1647,117 +1799,16 @@
     """Represent a p4 view ("p4 help views"), and map files in a
        repo according to the view."""
 
-    class Path(object):
-        """A depot or client path, possibly containing wildcards.
-           The only one supported is ... at the end, currently.
-           Initialize with the full path, with //depot or //client."""
-
-        def __init__(self, path, is_depot):
-            self.path = path
-            self.is_depot = is_depot
-            self.find_wildcards()
-            # remember the prefix bit, useful for relative mappings
-            m = re.match("(//[^/]+/)", self.path)
-            if not m:
-                die("Path %s does not start with //prefix/" % self.path)
-            prefix = m.group(1)
-            if not self.is_depot:
-                # strip //client/ on client paths
-                self.path = self.path[len(prefix):]
-
-        def find_wildcards(self):
-            """Make sure wildcards are valid, and set up internal
-               variables."""
-
-            self.ends_triple_dot = False
-            # There are three wildcards allowed in p4 views
-            # (see "p4 help views").  This code knows how to
-            # handle "..." (only at the end), but cannot deal with
-            # "%%n" or "*".  Only check the depot_side, as p4 should
-            # validate that the client_side matches too.
-            if re.search(r'%%[1-9]', self.path):
-                die("Can't handle %%n wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            if self.path.find("*") >= 0:
-                die("Can't handle * wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            triple_dot_index = self.path.find("...")
-            if triple_dot_index >= 0:
-                if triple_dot_index != len(self.path) - 3:
-                    die("Can handle only single ... wildcard, at end: %s" %
-                        self.path)
-                self.ends_triple_dot = True
-
-        def ensure_compatible(self, other_path):
-            """Make sure the wildcards agree."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot != other_path.ends_triple_dot:
-                 die("Both paths must end with ... if either does;\n" +
-                     "paths: %s %s" % (self.path, other_path.path))
-
-        def match_wildcards(self, test_path):
-            """See if this test_path matches us, and fill in the value
-               of the wildcards if so.  Returns a tuple of
-               (True|False, wildcards[]).  For now, only the ... at end
-               is supported, so at most one wildcard."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                dotless = self.path[:-3]
-                if test_path.startswith(dotless):
-                    wildcard = test_path[len(dotless):]
-                    return (True, [ wildcard ])
-            else:
-                if test_path == self.path:
-                    return (True, [])
-            return (False, [])
-
-        def match(self, test_path):
-            """Just return if it matches; don't bother with the wildcards."""
-            b, _ = self.match_wildcards(test_path)
-            return b
-
-        def fill_in_wildcards(self, wildcards):
-            """Return the relative path, with the wildcards filled in
-               if there are any."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                return self.path[:-3] + wildcards[0]
-            else:
-                return self.path
-
-    class Mapping(object):
-        def __init__(self, depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude):
-            # depot_side is without the trailing /... if it had one
-            self.depot_side = View.Path(depot_side, is_depot=True)
-            self.client_side = View.Path(client_side, is_depot=False)
-            self.overlay = overlay  # started with "+"
-            self.exclude = exclude  # started with "-"
-            assert not (self.overlay and self.exclude)
-            self.depot_side.ensure_compatible(self.client_side)
-
-        def __str__(self):
-            c = " "
-            if self.overlay:
-                c = "+"
-            if self.exclude:
-                c = "-"
-            return "View.Mapping: %s%s -> %s" % \
-                   (c, self.depot_side.path, self.client_side.path)
-
-        def map_depot_to_client(self, depot_path):
-            """Calculate the client path if using this mapping on the
-               given depot path; does not consider the effect of other
-               mappings in a view.  Even excluded mappings are returned."""
-            matches, wildcards = self.depot_side.match_wildcards(depot_path)
-            if not matches:
-                return ""
-            client_path = self.client_side.fill_in_wildcards(wildcards)
-            return client_path
-
-    #
-    # View methods
-    #
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, client_name):
         self.mappings = []
+        self.client_prefix = "//%s/" % client_name
+        # cache results of "p4 where" to lookup client file locations
+        self.client_spec_path_cache = {}
 
     def append(self, view_line):
         """Parse a view line, splitting it into depot and client
-           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order."""
+           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order.  This
+           is only needed for tag creation."""
 
         # Split the view line into exactly two words.  P4 enforces
         # structure on these lines that simplifies this quite a bit.
@@ -1785,76 +1836,62 @@
             depot_side = view_line[0:space_index]
             rhs_index = space_index + 1
 
-        if view_line[rhs_index] == '"':
-            # Second word is double quoted.  Make sure there is a
-            # double quote at the end too.
-            if not view_line.endswith('"'):
-                die("View line with rhs quote should end with one: %s" %
-                    view_line)
-            # skip the quotes
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index+1:-1]
-        else:
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index:]
-
         # prefix + means overlay on previous mapping
-        overlay = False
         if depot_side.startswith("+"):
-            overlay = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        # prefix - means exclude this path
+        # prefix - means exclude this path, leave out of mappings
         exclude = False
         if depot_side.startswith("-"):
             exclude = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        m = View.Mapping(depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude)
-        self.mappings.append(m)
+        if not exclude:
+            self.mappings.append(depot_side)
+
+    def convert_client_path(self, clientFile):
+        # chop off //client/ part to make it relative
+        if not clientFile.startswith(self.client_prefix):
+            die("No prefix '%s' on clientFile '%s'" %
+                (self.client_prefix, clientFile))
+        return clientFile[len(self.client_prefix):]
+
+    def update_client_spec_path_cache(self, files):
+        """ Caching file paths by "p4 where" batch query """
+
+        # List depot file paths exclude that already cached
+        fileArgs = [f['path'] for f in files if f['path'] not in self.client_spec_path_cache]
+
+        if len(fileArgs) == 0:
+            return  # All files in cache
+
+        where_result = p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "where"], stdin=fileArgs)
+        for res in where_result:
+            if "code" in res and res["code"] == "error":
+                # assume error is "... file(s) not in client view"
+                continue
+            if "clientFile" not in res:
+                die("No clientFile from 'p4 where %s'" % depot_path)
+            if "unmap" in res:
+                # it will list all of them, but only one not unmap-ped
+                continue
+            self.client_spec_path_cache[res['depotFile']] = self.convert_client_path(res["clientFile"])
+
+        # not found files or unmap files set to ""
+        for depotFile in fileArgs:
+            if depotFile not in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+                self.client_spec_path_cache[depotFile] = ""
 
     def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
         """Return the relative location in the client where this
            depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
            not be mapped in the client."""
 
-        paths_filled = []
-        client_path = ""
+        if depot_path in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+            return self.client_spec_path_cache[depot_path]
 
-        # look at later entries first
-        for m in self.mappings[::-1]:
-
-            # see where will this path end up in the client
-            p = m.map_depot_to_client(depot_path)
-
-            if p == "":
-                # Depot path does not belong in client.  Must remember
-                # this, as previous items should not cause files to
-                # exist in this path either.  Remember that the list is
-                # being walked from the end, which has higher precedence.
-                # Overlap mappings do not exclude previous mappings.
-                if not m.overlay:
-                    paths_filled.append(m.client_side)
-
-            else:
-                # This mapping matched; no need to search any further.
-                # But, the mapping could be rejected if the client path
-                # has already been claimed by an earlier mapping (i.e.
-                # one later in the list, which we are walking backwards).
-                already_mapped_in_client = False
-                for f in paths_filled:
-                    # this is View.Path.match
-                    if f.match(p):
-                        already_mapped_in_client = True
-                        break
-                if not already_mapped_in_client:
-                    # Include this file, unless it is from a line that
-                    # explicitly said to exclude it.
-                    if not m.exclude:
-                        client_path = p
-
-                # a match, even if rejected, always stops the search
-                break
-
-        return client_path
+        die( "Error: %s is not found in client spec path" % depot_path )
+        return ""
 
 class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     delete_actions = ( "delete", "move/delete", "purge" )
@@ -1897,7 +1934,6 @@
         self.syncWithOrigin = True
         self.importIntoRemotes = True
         self.maxChanges = ""
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.keepRepoPath = False
         self.depotPaths = None
         self.p4BranchesInGit = []
@@ -1982,6 +2018,10 @@
         """Look at each depotFile in the commit to figure out to what
            branch it belongs."""
 
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(commit)
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         branches = {}
         fnum = 0
         while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
@@ -2032,9 +2072,13 @@
             git_mode = "100755"
         if type_base == "symlink":
             git_mode = "120000"
-            # p4 print on a symlink contains "target\n"; remove the newline
+            # p4 print on a symlink sometimes contains "target\n";
+            # if it does, remove the newline
             data = ''.join(contents)
-            contents = [data[:-1]]
+            if data[-1] == '\n':
+                contents = [data[:-1]]
+            else:
+                contents = [data]
 
         if type_base == "utf16":
             # p4 delivers different text in the python output to -G
@@ -2042,7 +2086,14 @@
             # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
             # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
             # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
+            #
+            # On windows, the newlines will always be mangled by print, so put
+            # them back too.  This is not needed to the cygwin windows version,
+            # just the native "NT" type.
+            #
             text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', file['depotFile']])
+            if p4_version_string().find("/NT") >= 0:
+                text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
             contents = [ text ]
 
         if type_base == "apple":
@@ -2058,15 +2109,6 @@
             print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
             return
 
-        # Perhaps windows wants unicode, utf16 newlines translated too;
-        # but this is not doing it.
-        if self.isWindows and type_base == "text":
-            mangled = []
-            for data in contents:
-                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                mangled.append(data)
-            contents = mangled
-
         # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
         # even though in theory somebody may want that.
         pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
@@ -2097,6 +2139,29 @@
     # handle another chunk of streaming data
     def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
 
+        # catch p4 errors and complain
+        err = None
+        if "code" in marshalled:
+            if marshalled["code"] == "error":
+                if "data" in marshalled:
+                    err = marshalled["data"].rstrip()
+        if err:
+            f = None
+            if self.stream_have_file_info:
+                if "depotFile" in self.stream_file:
+                    f = self.stream_file["depotFile"]
+            # force a failure in fast-import, else an empty
+            # commit will be made
+            self.gitStream.write("\n")
+            self.gitStream.write("die-now\n")
+            self.gitStream.close()
+            # ignore errors, but make sure it exits first
+            self.importProcess.wait()
+            if f:
+                die("Error from p4 print for %s: %s" % (f, err))
+            else:
+                die("Error from p4 print: %s" % err)
+
         if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
             # start of a new file - output the old one first
             self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
@@ -2210,6 +2275,9 @@
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % f['path'])
 
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
 #        gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
         self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
@@ -2341,7 +2409,7 @@
                     try:
                         tmwhen = time.strptime(labelDetails['Update'], "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
                     except ValueError:
-                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetail['Update']
+                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetails['Update']
                         tmwhen = 1
 
                     when = int(time.mktime(tmwhen))
@@ -2438,13 +2506,6 @@
                 branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
             self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
 
-    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
-        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
-
     def updateOptionDict(self, d):
         option_keys = {}
         if self.keepRepoPath:
@@ -2528,7 +2589,8 @@
 
     def searchParent(self, parent, branch, target):
         parentFound = False
-        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse", "--no-merges", parent]):
+        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse",
+                                     "--no-merges", parent]):
             blob = blob.strip()
             if len(read_pipe(["git", "diff-tree", blob, target])) == 0:
                 parentFound = True
@@ -2543,7 +2605,7 @@
     def importChanges(self, changes):
         cnt = 1
         for change in changes:
-            description = p4Cmd(["describe", str(change)])
+            description = p4_describe(change)
             self.updateOptionDict(description)
 
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2599,7 +2661,7 @@
 
                         blob = None
                         if len(parent) > 0:
-                            tempBranch = os.path.join(self.tempBranchLocation, "%d" % (change))
+                            tempBranch = "%s/%d" % (self.tempBranchLocation, change)
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Creating temporary branch: " + tempBranch
                             self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch)
@@ -2616,6 +2678,7 @@
                     files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
                     self.commit(description, files, self.branch,
                                 self.initialParent)
+                    # only needed once, to connect to the previous commit
                     self.initialParent = ""
             except IOError:
                 print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2667,14 +2730,8 @@
 
         # Use time from top-most change so that all git p4 clones of
         # the same p4 repo have the same commit SHA1s.
-        res = p4CmdList("describe -s %d" % newestRevision)
-        newestTime = None
-        for r in res:
-            if r.has_key('time'):
-                newestTime = int(r['time'])
-        if newestTime is None:
-            die("\"describe -s\" on newest change %d did not give a time")
-        details["time"] = newestTime
+        res = p4_describe(newestRevision)
+        details["time"] = res["time"]
 
         self.updateOptionDict(details)
         try:
@@ -2687,41 +2744,38 @@
     def run(self, args):
         self.depotPaths = []
         self.changeRange = ""
-        self.initialParent = ""
         self.previousDepotPaths = []
+        self.hasOrigin = False
 
         # map from branch depot path to parent branch
         self.knownBranches = {}
         self.initialParents = {}
-        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
-        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
-            self.hasOrigin = False
 
         if self.importIntoRemotes:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
         else:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
 
-        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
-            system("git fetch origin")
+        if self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print 'Syncing with origin first, using "git fetch origin"'
+                system("git fetch origin")
 
+        branch_arg_given = bool(self.branch)
         if len(self.branch) == 0:
             self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
             if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
                 system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
-                system("git branch -D p4");
-            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
-            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
-                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
+                system("git branch -D p4")
 
         # accept either the command-line option, or the configuration variable
         if self.useClientSpec:
             # will use this after clone to set the variable
             self.useClientSpec_from_options = True
         else:
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
                 self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -2731,12 +2785,25 @@
         if args == []:
             if self.hasOrigin:
                 createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
-            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
+
+            # branches holds mapping from branch name to sha1
+            branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+
+            # restrict to just this one, disabling detect-branches
+            if branch_arg_given:
+                short = self.branch.split("/")[-1]
+                if short in branches:
+                    self.p4BranchesInGit = [ short ]
+            else:
+                self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
 
             if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
                 if not self.silent:
                     print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
                 self.detectBranches = True
+                for branch in branches.keys():
+                    self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = \
+                        branches[branch]
 
             if self.verbose:
                 print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
@@ -2773,13 +2840,21 @@
             if p4Change > 0:
                 self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
                 self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
-                if not self.detectBranches:
-                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
                 if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
                     print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
 
+        # accept multiple ref name abbreviations:
+        #    refs/foo/bar/branch -> use it exactly
+        #    p4/branch -> prepend refs/remotes/ or refs/heads/
+        #    branch -> prepend refs/remotes/p4/ or refs/heads/p4/
         if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
-            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                prepend = "refs/remotes/"
+            else:
+                prepend = "refs/heads/"
+            if not self.branch.startswith("p4/"):
+                prepend += "p4/"
+            self.branch = prepend + self.branch
 
         if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2864,12 +2939,13 @@
 
         self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
 
-        importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
-                                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
-        self.gitOutput = importProcess.stdout
-        self.gitStream = importProcess.stdin
-        self.gitError = importProcess.stderr
+        self.importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
+                                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
+        self.gitOutput = self.importProcess.stdout
+        self.gitStream = self.importProcess.stdin
+        self.gitError = self.importProcess.stderr
 
         if revision:
             self.importHeadRevision(revision)
@@ -2889,8 +2965,21 @@
             else:
                 # catch "git p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
                 # does not have any existing p4 branches
-                if len(args) == 0 and not self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                    die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.");
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    if not self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                        die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.")
+
+                    # The default branch is master, unless --branch is used to
+                    # specify something else.  Make sure it exists, or complain
+                    # nicely about how to use --branch.
+                    if not self.detectBranches:
+                        if not branch_exists(self.branch):
+                            if branch_arg_given:
+                                die("Error: branch %s does not exist." % self.branch)
+                            else:
+                                die("Error: no branch %s; perhaps specify one with --branch." %
+                                    self.branch)
+
                 if self.verbose:
                     print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
                                                               self.changeRange)
@@ -2908,6 +2997,14 @@
 
                 self.updatedBranches = set()
 
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    if args:
+                        # start a new branch
+                        self.initialParent = ""
+                    else:
+                        # build on a previous revision
+                        self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
+
                 self.importChanges(changes)
 
                 if not self.silent:
@@ -2918,7 +3015,7 @@
                             sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
                         sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.importLabels", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.importLabels"):
             self.importLabels = True
 
         if self.importLabels:
@@ -2929,7 +3026,7 @@
             self.importP4Labels(self.gitStream, missingP4Labels)
 
         self.gitStream.close()
-        if importProcess.wait() != 0:
+        if self.importProcess.wait() != 0:
             die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
         self.gitOutput.close()
         self.gitError.close()
@@ -2940,6 +3037,13 @@
                 read_pipe("git update-ref -d %s" % branch)
             os.rmdir(os.path.join(os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", ".git"), self.tempBranchLocation))
 
+        # Create a symbolic ref p4/HEAD pointing to p4/<branch> to allow
+        # a convenient shortcut refname "p4".
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            head_ref = self.refPrefix + "HEAD"
+            if not gitBranchExists(head_ref) and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system(["git", "symbolic-ref", head_ref, self.branch])
+
         return True
 
 class P4Rebase(Command):
@@ -2963,7 +3067,7 @@
         if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
             die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
         if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
-            die("You have uncommited changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
+            die("You have uncommitted changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
 
         [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
         if len(upstream) == 0:
@@ -3029,6 +3133,7 @@
         self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
         for p in depotPaths:
             if not p.startswith("//"):
+                sys.stderr.write('Depot paths must start with "//": %s\n' % p)
                 return False
 
         if not self.cloneDestination:
@@ -3043,21 +3148,21 @@
         init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
         if self.cloneBare:
             init_cmd.append("--bare")
-        subprocess.check_call(init_cmd)
+        retcode = subprocess.call(init_cmd)
+        if retcode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, init_cmd)
 
         if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
             return False
-        if self.branch != "master":
-            if self.importIntoRemotes:
-                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
-            else:
-                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
-            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
-                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
-                if not self.cloneBare:
-                    system("git checkout -f")
-            else:
-                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
+
+        # create a master branch and check out a work tree
+        if gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+            system([ "git", "branch", "master", self.branch ])
+            if not self.cloneBare:
+                system([ "git", "checkout", "-f" ])
+        else:
+            print 'Not checking out any branch, use ' \
+                  '"git checkout -q -b master <branch>"'
 
         # auto-set this variable if invoked with --use-client-spec
         if self.useClientSpec_from_options:
@@ -3128,7 +3233,6 @@
         printUsage(commands.keys())
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    cmd = ""
     cmdName = sys.argv[1]
     try:
         klass = commands[cmdName]
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 266e682..b946fd9 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #
 # Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
 
-USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
-LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.'
+USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [--[no-]rebase|--rebase=preserve] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
+LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and integrate it/them with the current HEAD.'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -38,15 +38,19 @@
 test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
 test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
 
+bool_or_string_config () {
+	git config --bool "$1" 2>/dev/null || git config "$1"
+}
+
 strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
-merge_args= edit=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules= verify_signatures=
+merge_args= edit= rebase_args=
 curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
-rebase=$(git config --bool branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
+rebase=$(bool_or_string_config branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
 if test -z "$rebase"
 then
-	rebase=$(git config --bool pull.rebase)
+	rebase=$(bool_or_string_config pull.rebase)
 fi
 dry_run=
 while :
@@ -110,6 +114,9 @@
 		esac
 		merge_args="$merge_args$xx "
 		;;
+	-r=*|--r=*|--re=*|--reb=*|--reba=*|--rebas=*|--rebase=*)
+		rebase="${1#*=}"
+		;;
 	-r|--r|--re|--reb|--reba|--rebas|--rebase)
 		rebase=true
 		;;
@@ -125,6 +132,12 @@
 	--no-recurse-submodules)
 		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
 		;;
+	--verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--no-verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--no-verify-signatures
+		;;
 	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
 		dry_run=--dry-run
 		;;
@@ -139,6 +152,20 @@
 	shift
 done
 
+case "$rebase" in
+preserve)
+	rebase=true
+	rebase_args=--preserve-merges
+	;;
+true|false|'')
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Invalid value for --rebase, should be true, false, or preserve"
+	usage
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
 error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 	exec >&2
 	for opt
@@ -160,9 +187,8 @@
 		op_prep=with
 	fi
 
-	curr_branch=${curr_branch#refs/heads/}
-	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.merge")
-	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
+	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.merge")
+	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.remote")
 
 	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
 		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
@@ -260,10 +286,17 @@
 	;;
 esac
 
+# Pulling into unborn branch: a shorthand for branching off
+# FETCH_HEAD, for lazy typers.
 if test -z "$orig_head"
 then
-	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
-	git read-tree -m -u HEAD || exit 1
+	# Two-way merge: we claim the index is based on an empty tree,
+	# and try to fast-forward to HEAD.  This ensures we will not
+	# lose index/worktree changes that the user already made on
+	# the unborn branch.
+	empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+	git read-tree -m -u $empty_tree $merge_head &&
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head"
 	exit
 fi
 
@@ -279,11 +312,11 @@
 merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
 case "$rebase" in
 true)
-	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args $rebase_args $verbosity"
 	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
 	;;
 *)
-	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $verify_signatures $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
 	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
 	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head"
 	;;
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
index 9a6ba2b..8e17525 100755
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 
 
-# Find the intial commit
+# Find the initial commit
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
diff --git a/git-rebase--am.sh b/git-rebase--am.sh
index 392ebc9..34e3102 100644
--- a/git-rebase--am.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--am.sh
@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@
 continue)
 	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	git am --skip --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
 test -n "$rebase_root" && root_flag=--root
 
+ret=0
 if test -n "$keep_empty"
 then
 	# we have to do this the hard way.  git format-patch completely squashes
@@ -25,13 +26,49 @@
 	# itself well to recording empty patches.  fortunately, cherry-pick
 	# makes this easy
 	git cherry-pick --allow-empty "$revisions"
+	ret=$?
 else
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ \
-		--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
-	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg"
-fi && move_to_original_branch
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
 
-ret=$?
-test 0 != $ret -a -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
-exit $ret
+	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
+		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ --no-renames --no-cover-letter \
+		$root_flag "$revisions" >"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	if test 0 != $ret
+	then
+		rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+		case "$head_name" in
+		refs/heads/*)
+			git checkout -q "$head_name"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git checkout -q "$orig_head"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+		git encountered an error while preparing the patches to replay
+		these revisions:
+
+		    $revisions
+
+		As a result, git cannot rebase them.
+		EOF
+		return $?
+	fi
+
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" <"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+fi
+
+if test 0 != $ret
+then
+	test -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
+	return $ret
+fi
+
+move_to_original_branch
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index 44901d5..3c6bed9 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@
 
 dropped="$state_dir"/dropped
 
+end="$state_dir"/end
+msgnum="$state_dir"/msgnum
+
 # A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 # being rebased.
@@ -77,9 +80,24 @@
 rewritten_list="$state_dir"/rewritten-list
 rewritten_pending="$state_dir"/rewritten-pending
 
+strategy_args=
+if test -n "$do_merge"
+then
+	strategy_args=${strategy:+--strategy=$strategy}
+	eval '
+		for strategy_opt in '"$strategy_opts"'
+		do
+			strategy_args="$strategy_args -X$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "${strategy_opt#--}")"
+		done
+	'
+fi
+
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="$resolvemsg"
 export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
 
+comment_char=$(git config --get core.commentchar 2>/dev/null | cut -c1)
+: ${comment_char:=#}
+
 warn () {
 	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
 }
@@ -105,8 +123,10 @@
 	sed -e 1q < "$todo" >> "$done"
 	sed -e 1d < "$todo" >> "$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	new_count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$done")
-	total=$(($new_count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$todo")))
+	new_count=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$done" | wc -l)
+	echo $new_count >"$msgnum"
+	total=$(($new_count + $(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)))
+	echo $total >"$end"
 	if test "$last_count" != "$new_count"
 	then
 		last_count=$new_count
@@ -116,19 +136,19 @@
 }
 
 append_todo_help () {
-	cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# Commands:
-#  p, pick = use commit
-#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
-#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
-#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
-#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
-#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
-#
-# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
-#
-# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+Commands:
+ p, pick = use commit
+ r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+ e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+ s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+ f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+ x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+
+These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+
+If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
 EOF
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +199,7 @@
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+	test -n "$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$1")"
 }
 
 is_empty_commit() {
@@ -190,6 +210,11 @@
 	test "$tree" = "$ptree"
 }
 
+is_merge_commit()
+{
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$1"^2 >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
 # Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE exported from the current environment.
 do_with_author () {
@@ -226,7 +251,7 @@
 
 	test -d "$rewritten" &&
 		pick_one_preserving_merges "$@" && return
-	output git cherry-pick $empty_args $ff "$@"
+	output eval git cherry-pick "$strategy_args" $empty_args $ff "$@"
 }
 
 pick_one_preserving_merges () {
@@ -327,9 +352,9 @@
 			msg_content="$(commit_message $sha1)"
 			# No point in merging the first parent, that's HEAD
 			new_parents=${new_parents# $first_parent}
-			if ! do_with_author output \
-				git merge --no-ff ${strategy:+-s $strategy} -m \
-					"$msg_content" $new_parents
+			merge_args="--no-log --no-ff"
+			if ! do_with_author output eval \
+			'git merge $merge_args $strategy_args -m "$msg_content" $new_parents'
 			then
 				printf "%s\n" "$msg_content" > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Error redoing merge $sha1"
@@ -337,7 +362,7 @@
 			echo "$sha1 $(git rev-parse HEAD^0)" >> "$rewritten_list"
 			;;
 		*)
-			output git cherry-pick "$@" ||
+			output eval git cherry-pick "$strategy_args" "$@" ||
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not pick $sha1"
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -358,10 +383,10 @@
 	if test -f "$squash_msg"; then
 		mv "$squash_msg" "$squash_msg".bak || exit
 		count=$(($(sed -n \
-			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "1s/^. This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
 			-e "q" < "$squash_msg".bak)+1))
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of $count commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of $count commits."
 			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 				/^$/d
 			}' <"$squash_msg".bak
@@ -370,8 +395,8 @@
 		commit_message HEAD > "$fixup_msg" || die "Cannot write $fixup_msg"
 		count=2
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
-			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The first commit's message is:"
 			echo
 			cat "$fixup_msg"
 		} >"$squash_msg"
@@ -380,21 +405,22 @@
 	squash)
 		rm -f "$fixup_msg"
 		echo
-		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
 		echo
 		commit_message $2
 		;;
 	fixup)
 		echo
-		echo "# The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
 		echo
-		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		# Change the space after the comment character to TAB:
+		commit_message $2 | git stripspace --comment-lines | sed -e 's/ /	/'
 		;;
 	esac >>"$squash_msg"
 }
 
 peek_next_command () {
-	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$todo"
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | sed -n -e 's/ .*//p' -e q
 }
 
 # A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
@@ -459,7 +485,7 @@
 	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" || exit
 	read -r command sha1 rest < "$todo"
 	case "$command" in
-	'#'*|''|noop)
+	"$comment_char"*|''|noop)
 		mark_action_done
 		;;
 	pick|p)
@@ -614,17 +640,16 @@
 		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$rewritten_list"
 		true # we don't care if this hook failed
 	fi &&
-	rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
-	git gc --auto &&
 	warn "Successfully rebased and updated $head_name."
 
-	exit
+	return 1 # not failure; just to break the do_rest loop
 }
 
+# can only return 0, when the infinite loop breaks
 do_rest () {
 	while :
 	do
-		do_next
+		do_next || break
 	done
 }
 
@@ -647,7 +672,7 @@
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
-		3,#*|3,)
+		3,"$comment_char"*|3,)
 			# copy comments
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -665,6 +690,32 @@
 	die "Could not skip unnecessary pick commands"
 }
 
+transform_todo_ids () {
+	while read -r command rest
+	do
+		case "$command" in
+		"$comment_char"* | exec)
+			# Be careful for oddball commands like 'exec'
+			# that do not have a SHA-1 at the beginning of $rest.
+			;;
+		*)
+			sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$@" ${rest%% *}) &&
+			rest="$sha1 ${rest#* }"
+			;;
+		esac
+		printf '%s\n' "$command${rest:+ }$rest"
+	done <"$todo" >"$todo.new" &&
+	mv -f "$todo.new" "$todo"
+}
+
+expand_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids
+}
+
+collapse_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids --short
+}
+
 # Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick sha1 msg" and
 # "pick sha1 fixup!/squash! msg" appears in it so that the latter
 # comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
@@ -676,8 +727,22 @@
 		case "$message" in
 		"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
 			action="${message%%!*}"
-			rest="${message#*! }"
-			echo "$sha1 $action $rest"
+			rest=$message
+			prefix=
+			# skip all squash! or fixup! (but save for later)
+			while :
+			do
+				case "$rest" in
+				"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
+					prefix="$prefix${rest%%!*},"
+					rest="${rest#*! }"
+					;;
+				*)
+					break
+					;;
+				esac
+			done
+			echo "$sha1 $action $prefix $rest"
 			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
 			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
 			# and on sha1 prefix
@@ -686,7 +751,7 @@
 				if test -n "$fullsha"; then
 					# prefix the action to uniquely identify this line as
 					# intended for full sha1 match
-					echo "$sha1 +$action $fullsha"
+					echo "$sha1 +$action $prefix $fullsha"
 				fi
 			fi
 		esac
@@ -701,7 +766,7 @@
 		esac
 		printf '%s\n' "$pick $sha1 $message"
 		used="$used$sha1 "
-		while read -r squash action msg_content
+		while read -r squash action msg_prefix msg_content
 		do
 			case " $used" in
 			*" $squash "*) continue ;;
@@ -717,7 +782,8 @@
 				case "$message" in "$msg_content"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
 			esac
 			if test $emit = 1; then
-				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $action! $msg_content"
+				real_prefix=$(echo "$msg_prefix" | sed "s/,/! /g")
+				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash ${real_prefix}$msg_content"
 				used="$used$squash "
 			fi
 		done <"$1.sq"
@@ -791,26 +857,30 @@
 
 	require_clean_work_tree "rebase"
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 skip)
 	git rerere clear
 
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 edit-todo)
-	sed -e '/^#/d' < "$todo" > "$todo".new
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" >"$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	collapse_todo_ids
 	append_todo_help
-	cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
-# To continue rebase after editing, run:
-#     git rebase --continue
-#
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
+To continue rebase after editing, run:
+    git rebase --continue
+
 EOF
 
 	git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
 		die "Could not execute editor"
+	expand_todo_ids
 
 	exit
 	;;
@@ -823,12 +893,15 @@
 
 if test ! -z "$switch_to"
 then
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to"
 	output git checkout "$switch_to" -- ||
-		die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+	die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+
+	comment_for_reflog start
 fi
 
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || die "No HEAD?"
-mkdir "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
+mkdir -p "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
 
 : > "$state_dir"/interactive || die "Could not mark as interactive"
 write_basic_state
@@ -874,9 +947,9 @@
 while read -r shortsha1 rest
 do
 
-	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1
+	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $shortsha1 && ! is_merge_commit $shortsha1
 	then
-		comment_out="# "
+		comment_out="$comment_char "
 	else
 		comment_out=
 	fi
@@ -937,20 +1010,20 @@
 test -n "$autosquash" && rearrange_squash "$todo"
 test -n "$cmd" && add_exec_commands "$todo"
 
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
+cat >>"$todo" <<EOF
 
-# Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
+$comment_char Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
 EOF
 append_todo_help
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
-#
-# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
-#
+git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+
 EOF
 
 if test -z "$keep_empty"
 then
-	echo "# Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
+	printf '%s\n' "$comment_char Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
 fi
 
 
@@ -964,8 +1037,11 @@
 has_action "$todo" ||
 	die_abort "Nothing to do"
 
+expand_todo_ids
+
 test -d "$rewritten" || test -n "$force_rebase" || skip_unnecessary_picks
 
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name"
 output git checkout $onto || die_abort "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 do_rest
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index b10f2cf..16d1817 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@
 			"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase <"$state_dir"/rewritten
 		fi
 	fi
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
 	say All done.
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	read_state
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index b2f1c76..226752f 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  Available options are
 v,verbose!         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
 q,quiet!           be quiet. implies --no-stat
+autostash!         automatically stash/stash pop before and after
 onto=!             rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
 p,preserve-merges! try to recreate merges instead of ignoring them
 s,strategy=!       use the given merge strategy
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
 verbose=
 diffstat=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.stat)" = true && diffstat=t
+autostash="$(git config --bool rebase.autostash || echo false)"
 git_am_opt=
 rebase_root=
 force_rebase=
@@ -82,6 +84,8 @@
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.autosquash)" = "true" && autosquash=t
 
 read_basic_state () {
+	test -f "$state_dir/head-name" &&
+	test -f "$state_dir/onto" &&
 	head_name=$(cat "$state_dir"/head-name) &&
 	onto=$(cat "$state_dir"/onto) &&
 	# We always write to orig-head, but interactive rebase used to write to
@@ -143,15 +147,50 @@
 	esac
 }
 
-run_specific_rebase () {
+finish_rebase () {
+	if test -f "$state_dir/autostash"
+	then
+		stash_sha1=$(cat "$state_dir/autostash")
+		if git stash apply $stash_sha1 2>&1 >/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "$(gettext 'Applied autostash.')"
+		else
+			git stash store -m "autostash" -q $stash_sha1 ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot store \$stash_sha1")"
+			gettext 'Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.
+Your changes are safe in the stash.
+You can run "git stash pop" or "git stash drop" at any time.
+'
+		fi
+	fi
+	git gc --auto &&
+	rm -rf "$state_dir"
+}
+
+run_specific_rebase_internal () {
 	if [ "$interactive_rebase" = implied ]; then
 		GIT_EDITOR=:
 		export GIT_EDITOR
 		autosquash=
 	fi
+	# On FreeBSD, the shell's "return" returns from the current
+	# function, not from the current file inclusion.
+	# run_specific_rebase_internal has the file inclusion as a
+	# last statement, so POSIX and FreeBSD's return will do the
+	# same thing.
 	. git-rebase--$type
 }
 
+run_specific_rebase () {
+	run_specific_rebase_internal
+	ret=$?
+	if test $ret -eq 0
+	then
+		finish_rebase
+	fi
+	exit $ret
+}
+
 run_pre_rebase_hook () {
 	if test -z "$ok_to_skip_pre_rebase" &&
 	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
@@ -241,6 +280,9 @@
 	--stat)
 		diffstat=t
 		;;
+	--autostash)
+		autostash=true
+		;;
 	-v)
 		verbose=t
 		diffstat=t
@@ -341,7 +383,7 @@
 		;;
 	esac
 	output git reset --hard $orig_head
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
+	finish_rebase
 	exit
 	;;
 edit-todo)
@@ -400,7 +442,7 @@
 		shift
 		;;
 	esac
-	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
+	upstream=$(peel_committish "${upstream_name}") ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "invalid upstream \$upstream_name")"
 	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
 else
@@ -436,7 +478,7 @@
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") ||
+	onto=$(peel_committish "$onto_name") ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Does not point to a valid commit: \$onto_name")"
 	;;
 esac
@@ -473,13 +515,25 @@
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
 	fi
-	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || exit
 	;;
 *)
 	die "BUG: unexpected number of arguments left to parse"
 	;;
 esac
 
+if test "$autostash" = true && ! (require_clean_work_tree) 2>/dev/null
+then
+	stash_sha1=$(git stash create "autostash") ||
+	die "$(gettext 'Cannot autostash')"
+
+	mkdir -p "$state_dir" &&
+	echo $stash_sha1 >"$state_dir/autostash" &&
+	stash_abbrev=$(git rev-parse --short $stash_sha1) &&
+	echo "$(eval_gettext 'Created autostash: $stash_abbrev')" &&
+	git reset --hard
+fi
+
 require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "$(gettext "Please commit or stash them.")"
 
 # Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$orig_head (or with --root,
@@ -497,8 +551,11 @@
 	if test -z "$force_rebase"
 	then
 		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
-		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to" --
+		test -z "$switch_to" ||
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to" \
+			git checkout "$switch_to" --
 		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date.")"
+		finish_rebase
 		exit 0
 	else
 		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date, rebase forced.")"
@@ -522,7 +579,9 @@
 
 # Detach HEAD and reset the tree
 say "$(gettext "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...")"
-git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
+
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name" \
+	git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 
 # If the $onto is a proper descendant of the tip of the branch, then
@@ -531,6 +590,7 @@
 then
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Fast-forwarded \$branch_name to \$onto_name.")"
 	move_to_original_branch
+	finish_rebase
 	exit 0
 fi
 
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
index f29285c..236a352 100755
--- a/git-relink.perl
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 
 
 sub usage() {
-	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
+	print("usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
 	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
 	print("Options\n");
 	print("\t--safe\t" .
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.py b/git-remote-testgit.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f3ebd2..0000000
--- a/git-remote-testgit.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# This command is a simple remote-helper, that is used both as a
-# testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
-# show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
-#
-# This is a Git <-> Git importer/exporter, that simply uses git
-# fast-import and git fast-export to consume and produce fast-import
-# streams.
-#
-# To understand better the way things work, one can activate debug
-# traces by setting (to any value) the environment variables
-# GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG and GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT, to see messages
-# from the transport-helper side, or from this example remote-helper.
-
-# hashlib is only available in python >= 2.5
-try:
-    import hashlib
-    _digest = hashlib.sha1
-except ImportError:
-    import sha
-    _digest = sha.new
-import sys
-import os
-import time
-sys.path.insert(0, os.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB","."))
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import die, debug, warn
-from git_remote_helpers.git.repo import GitRepo
-from git_remote_helpers.git.exporter import GitExporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.importer import GitImporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.non_local import NonLocalGit
-
-def get_repo(alias, url):
-    """Returns a git repository object initialized for usage.
-    """
-
-    repo = GitRepo(url)
-    repo.get_revs()
-    repo.get_head()
-
-    hasher = _digest()
-    hasher.update(repo.path)
-    repo.hash = hasher.hexdigest()
-
-    repo.get_base_path = lambda base: os.path.join(
-        base, 'info', 'fast-import', repo.hash)
-
-    prefix = 'refs/testgit/%s/' % alias
-    debug("prefix: '%s'", prefix)
-
-    repo.gitdir = os.environ["GIT_DIR"]
-    repo.alias = alias
-    repo.prefix = prefix
-
-    repo.exporter = GitExporter(repo)
-    repo.importer = GitImporter(repo)
-    repo.non_local = NonLocalGit(repo)
-
-    return repo
-
-
-def local_repo(repo, path):
-    """Returns a git repository object initalized for usage.
-    """
-
-    local = GitRepo(path)
-
-    local.non_local = None
-    local.gitdir = repo.gitdir
-    local.alias = repo.alias
-    local.prefix = repo.prefix
-    local.hash = repo.hash
-    local.get_base_path = repo.get_base_path
-    local.exporter = GitExporter(local)
-    local.importer = GitImporter(local)
-
-    return local
-
-
-def do_capabilities(repo, args):
-    """Prints the supported capabilities.
-    """
-
-    print "import"
-    print "export"
-    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix
-
-    dirname = repo.get_base_path(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks')
-
-    print "*export-marks %s" % path
-    if os.path.exists(path):
-        print "*import-marks %s" % path
-
-    print # end capabilities
-
-
-def do_list(repo, args):
-    """Lists all known references.
-
-    Bug: This will always set the remote head to master for non-local
-    repositories, since we have no way of determining what the remote
-    head is at clone time.
-    """
-
-    for ref in repo.revs:
-        debug("? refs/heads/%s", ref)
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % ref
-
-    if repo.head:
-        debug("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
-        print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head
-    else:
-        debug("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
-        print "@refs/heads/master HEAD"
-
-    print # end list
-
-
-def update_local_repo(repo):
-    """Updates (or clones) a local repo.
-    """
-
-    if repo.local:
-        return repo
-
-    path = repo.non_local.clone(repo.gitdir)
-    repo.non_local.update(repo.gitdir)
-    repo = local_repo(repo, path)
-    return repo
-
-
-def do_import(repo, args):
-    """Exports a fast-import stream from testgit for git to import.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 1:
-        die("Import needs exactly one ref")
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to import")
-
-    ref = args[0]
-    refs = [ref]
-
-    while True:
-        line = sys.stdin.readline()
-        if line == '\n':
-            break
-        if not line.startswith('import '):
-            die("Expected import line.")
-
-        # strip of leading 'import '
-        ref = line[7:].strip()
-        refs.append(ref)
-
-    repo = update_local_repo(repo)
-    repo.exporter.export_repo(repo.gitdir, refs)
-
-    print "done"
-
-
-def do_export(repo, args):
-    """Imports a fast-import stream from git to testgit.
-    """
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to export")
-
-    update_local_repo(repo)
-    changed = repo.importer.do_import(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not repo.local:
-        repo.non_local.push(repo.gitdir)
-
-    for ref in changed:
-        print "ok %s" % ref
-    print
-
-
-COMMANDS = {
-    'capabilities': do_capabilities,
-    'list': do_list,
-    'import': do_import,
-    'export': do_export,
-}
-
-
-def sanitize(value):
-    """Cleans up the url.
-    """
-
-    if value.startswith('testgit::'):
-        value = value[9:]
-
-    return value
-
-
-def read_one_line(repo):
-    """Reads and processes one command.
-    """
-
-    sleepy = os.environ.get("GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY")
-    if sleepy:
-        debug("Sleeping %d sec before readline" % int(sleepy))
-        time.sleep(int(sleepy))
-
-    line = sys.stdin.readline()
-
-    cmdline = line
-
-    if not cmdline:
-        warn("Unexpected EOF")
-        return False
-
-    cmdline = cmdline.strip().split()
-    if not cmdline:
-        # Blank line means we're about to quit
-        return False
-
-    cmd = cmdline.pop(0)
-    debug("Got command '%s' with args '%s'", cmd, ' '.join(cmdline))
-
-    if cmd not in COMMANDS:
-        die("Unknown command, %s", cmd)
-
-    func = COMMANDS[cmd]
-    func(repo, cmdline)
-    sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    return True
-
-
-def main(args):
-    """Starts a new remote helper for the specified repository.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 3:
-        die("Expecting exactly three arguments.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if os.getenv("GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT"):
-        import git_remote_helpers.util
-        git_remote_helpers.util.DEBUG = True
-
-    alias = sanitize(args[1])
-    url = sanitize(args[2])
-
-    if not alias.isalnum():
-        warn("non-alnum alias '%s'", alias)
-        alias = "tmp"
-
-    args[1] = alias
-    args[2] = url
-
-    repo = get_repo(alias, url)
-
-    debug("Got arguments %s", args[1:])
-
-    more = True
-
-    sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'r', 0)
-    while (more):
-        more = read_one_line(repo)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.sh b/git-remote-testgit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6d2f282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-remote-testgit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+
+alias=$1
+url=$2
+
+dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
+prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
+
+default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+
+refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
+
+test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+
+export GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS"
+then
+	gitmarks="$dir/git.marks"
+	testgitmarks="$dir/testgit.marks"
+	test -e "$gitmarks" || >"$gitmarks"
+	test -e "$testgitmarks" || >"$testgitmarks"
+fi
+
+while read line
+do
+	case $line in
+	capabilities)
+		echo 'import'
+		echo 'export'
+		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
+			echo "*export-marks $gitmarks"
+		fi
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS" && echo "signed-tags"
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE" && echo "no-private-update"
+		echo
+		;;
+	list)
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+		echo "@$head HEAD"
+		echo
+		;;
+	import*)
+		# read all import lines
+		while true
+		do
+			ref="${line#* }"
+			refs="$refs $ref"
+			read line
+			test "${line%% *}" != "import" && break
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "feature import-marks=$gitmarks"
+			echo "feature export-marks=$gitmarks"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			echo "feature done"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		echo "feature done"
+		git fast-export \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			$refs |
+		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+		echo "done"
+		;;
+	export)
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			# consume input so fast-export doesn't get SIGPIPE;
+			# git would also notice that case, but we want
+			# to make sure we are exercising the later
+			# error checks
+			while read line; do
+				test "done" = "$line" && break
+			done
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		before=$(git for-each-ref --format=' %(refname) %(objectname) ')
+
+		git fast-import \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			--quiet
+
+		# figure out which refs were updated
+		git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)' |
+		while read ref a
+		do
+			case "$before" in
+			*" $ref $a "*)
+				continue ;;	# unchanged
+			esac
+			if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			then
+				echo "ok $ref"
+			else
+				echo "error $ref $GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		echo
+		;;
+	'')
+		exit
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
index d566015..ebf1269 100755
--- a/git-request-pull.sh
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -51,8 +51,18 @@
 tag_name=$(git describe --exact "$head^0" 2>/dev/null)
 
 test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
-baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$base"^0) &&
-headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$head"^0) || exit
+
+baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$base"^0)
+if test -z "$baserev"
+then
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $base"
+fi
+
+headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$head"^0)
+if test -z "$headrev"
+then
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $head"
+fi
 
 merge_base=$(git merge-base $baserev $headrev) ||
 die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index aea66a0..fdb0029 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
 
   Sending:
@@ -68,6 +69,9 @@
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
     --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
     --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
+                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
+                                     verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
@@ -193,24 +197,24 @@
 my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
 my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
 my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
-my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
 my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
+my ($compose_encoding);
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;		# Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
-my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
-
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
-    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
     "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
-    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef]
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -219,6 +223,7 @@
     "smtpserveroption" => \@smtp_server_options,
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
+    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
     "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
     "to" => \@initial_to,
     "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
@@ -231,25 +236,13 @@
     "confirm"   => \$confirm,
     "from" => \$sender,
     "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
 );
 
 my %config_path_settings = (
     "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
 );
 
-# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
-sub chain_reply_to {
-	if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
-	    $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
-		print STDERR
-		    "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
-		    "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
-		    "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
-		$chain_reply_to = 0;
-	}
-	return $chain_reply_to;
-}
-
 # Handle Uncouth Termination
 sub signal_handler {
 
@@ -298,10 +291,11 @@
 		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
 		    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
 		    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+		    "smtp-ssl-cert-path=s" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
@@ -315,6 +309,7 @@
 		    "validate!" => \$validate,
 		    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
 		    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+		    "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
 		    "force" => \$force,
 	 );
 
@@ -508,8 +503,9 @@
 
 ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
 	return unless $repo;
 	my $f = shift;
 	try {
@@ -525,6 +521,7 @@
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -536,14 +533,14 @@
 	if ($f eq "--") {
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
-	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
 				sort readdir $dh;
 		closedir $dh;
-	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
 		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -632,6 +629,9 @@
 	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
 	my $in_body = 0;
 	my $summary_empty = 1;
+	if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
+		$compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
+	}
 	while(<$c>) {
 		next if m/^GIT:/;
 		if ($in_body) {
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
 			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
 				print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
 					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
-					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
+					   "charset=$compose_encoding\n",
 					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
 			}
 		} elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
@@ -650,9 +650,7 @@
 			$initial_subject = $1;
 			my $subject = $initial_subject;
 			$_ = "Subject: " .
-				($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
-				 quote_rfc2047($subject) :
-				 $subject) .
+				quote_subject($subject, $compose_encoding) .
 				"\n";
 		} elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
 			$initial_reply_to = $1;
@@ -706,7 +704,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 my %broken_encoding;
@@ -748,16 +746,16 @@
 	}
 }
 
-my $prompting = 0;
 if (!defined $sender) {
 	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
-	$sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
-	              default => $sender,
-		      valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
-	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
-	$prompting++;
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
+my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
 	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to (if any)? ",
 		     default => "",
@@ -781,9 +779,11 @@
 }
 
 @initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
-@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
+@initial_to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_to));
 @initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
+@initial_cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_cc));
 @bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+@bcclist = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@bcclist));
 
 if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
 	$initial_reply_to = ask(
@@ -826,12 +826,45 @@
 	$address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
 	if ($have_email_valid) {
 		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
-	} else {
-		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
-		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
-		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-		return $1;
 	}
+
+	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+	return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
+	my $address = shift;
+	$address = extract_valid_address($address);
+	die "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n"
+		if !$address;
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address {
+	my $address = shift;
+	while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
+		print STDERR "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n";
+		$_ = ask("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): ",
+			valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
+			default => 'q');
+		if (/^d/i) {
+			return undef;
+		} elsif (/^q/i) {
+			cleanup_compose_files();
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		$address = ask("Who should the email be sent to (if any)? ",
+			default => "",
+			valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
+	}
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address_list {
+	return (grep { defined $_ }
+		map { validate_address($_) } @_);
 }
 
 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.
@@ -900,9 +933,29 @@
 	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
 }
 
+sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
+	my $s = shift;
+
+	return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
+}
+
+sub quote_subject {
+	local $subject = shift;
+	my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+
+	if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
+		return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
+	}
+	return $subject;
+}
+
 # use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
 sub sanitize_address {
 	my ($recipient) = @_;
+
+	# remove garbage after email address
+	$recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;
+
 	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
 	if (not $recipient_name) {
@@ -930,6 +983,10 @@
 
 }
 
+sub sanitize_address_list {
+	return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
+}
+
 # Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
 #
 # Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
@@ -986,20 +1043,89 @@
 	return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
+sub smtp_host_string {
+	if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+		return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+	} else {
+		return $smtp_server;
+	}
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+	# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+	eval {
+		require Authen::SASL;
+		Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+	};
+
+	# TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+	# invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+	# reject credentials.
+	$auth = Git::credential({
+		'protocol' => 'smtp',
+		'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+		'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+		# if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+		# give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+		'password' => $smtp_authpass
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+	});
+
+	return $auth;
+}
+
+sub ssl_verify_params {
+	eval {
+		require IO::Socket::SSL;
+		IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		# use the OpenSSL defaults
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER());
+	}
+
+	if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	} elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER because the CA path does not exist.\n";
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	}
+}
+
 # Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
 # In actuality, the whole program dies when there
 # is an error sending a message.
 
 sub send_message {
 	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
-	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
 		      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
 		    }
-	       map { sanitize_address($_) }
 	       @cc);
 	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
 	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
-	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
 	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
 	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
@@ -1011,10 +1137,9 @@
 	if ($cc ne '') {
 		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
 	}
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+	my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
@@ -1031,7 +1156,7 @@
 	}
 
 	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	my $raw_from = $sender;
 	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
 		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
 	}
@@ -1090,25 +1215,31 @@
 			$smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
 			require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
+			require IO::Socket::SSL;
+			# Net::SMTP::SSL->new() does not forward any SSL options
+			IO::Socket::SSL::set_client_defaults(
+				ssl_verify_params());
 			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
 						      Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						      Port => $smtp_server_port);
+						      Port => $smtp_server_port,
+						      Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
 		}
 		else {
 			require Net::SMTP;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-						 : $smtp_server,
+			$smtp_server_port ||= 25;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
 						 Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+						 Port => $smtp_server_port);
 			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
 				require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 				$smtp->command('STARTTLS');
 				$smtp->response();
 				if ($smtp->code == 220) {
-					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
-						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
+					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
+									  ssl_verify_params())
+						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".IO::Socket::SSL::errstr();
 					$smtp_encryption = '';
 					# Send EHLO again to receive fresh
 					# supported commands
@@ -1127,31 +1258,7 @@
 			    defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
 		}
 
-		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-			# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-			# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-			eval {
-				require Authen::SASL;
-				Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-			};
-
-			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-				system "stty -echo";
-
-				do {
-					print "Password: ";
-					$_ = <STDIN>;
-					print "\n";
-				} while (!defined $_);
-
-				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-				system "stty echo";
-			}
-
-			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-		}
+		smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
 		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
@@ -1194,6 +1301,7 @@
 	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
+	my $sauthor = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
@@ -1227,27 +1335,30 @@
 		}
 
 		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				$subject = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				$sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
 				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
 				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
-					push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+					push @to, $addr;
 				}
 			}
-			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+					my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+					my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+					if ($saddr eq $sender) {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 					} else {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
@@ -1267,7 +1378,7 @@
 			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
 				$message_id = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
 
@@ -1294,7 +1405,8 @@
 			chomp;
 			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
 			chomp $c;
-			if ($c eq $sender) {
+			my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+			if ($sc eq $sender) {
 				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 			} else {
 				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
@@ -1321,10 +1433,10 @@
 	}
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
-		$subject = quote_rfc2047($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
+		$subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
 	}
 
-	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+	if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
 		if (defined $author_encoding) {
 			if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1351,6 +1463,9 @@
 		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
 	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+	@to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@to));
+	@cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@cc));
+
 	@to = (@initial_to, @to);
 	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
@@ -1358,7 +1473,7 @@
 
 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+		($chain_reply_to || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
 		$message_num == 1)) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
@@ -1375,15 +1490,14 @@
 sub recipients_cmd {
 	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	my @addresses = ();
-	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
 	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
 	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
 		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
 		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
 		$address = sanitize_address($address);
-		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
 		push @addresses, $address;
 		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
 		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
@@ -1406,14 +1520,10 @@
 	my @emails;
 
 	foreach my $entry (@_) {
-		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
-			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
-			next if $seen{$clean}++;
-			push @emails, $entry;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
-					" from: $entry\n";
-		}
+		my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
+		$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+		next if $seen{$clean}++;
+		push @emails, $entry;
 	}
 	return @emails;
 }
@@ -1427,7 +1537,7 @@
 			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index ee0e0bc..ebfe8f7 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@
 # But we protect ourselves from such a user mistake nevertheless.
 unset CDPATH
 
-# Similarly for IFS
-unset IFS
+# Similarly for IFS, but some shells (e.g. FreeBSD 7.2) are buggy and
+# do not equate an unset IFS with IFS with the default, so here is
+# an explicit SP HT LF.
+IFS=' 	
+'
 
 git_broken_path_fix () {
 	case ":$PATH:" in
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@
 die_with_status () {
 	status=$1
 	shift
-	echo >&2 "$*"
+	printf >&2 '%s\n' "$*"
 	exit "$status"
 }
 
@@ -81,14 +84,14 @@
 else
 	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 	usage() {
-		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		die "usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	}
 
 	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
 	then
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	else
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE
 
 $LONG_USAGE"
 	fi
@@ -100,6 +103,40 @@
 	esac
 fi
 
+# Set the name of the end-user facing command in the reflog when the
+# script may update refs.  When GIT_REFLOG_ACTION is already set, this
+# will not overwrite it, so that a scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git
+# rebase") can set it to its own name (e.g. "rebase") and then call
+# another scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git am") and a call to this
+# function in the latter will keep the name of the end-user facing
+# program (e.g. "rebase") in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, ensuring whatever it
+# does will be record as actions done as part of the end-user facing
+# operation (e.g. "rebase").
+#
+# NOTE NOTE NOTE: consequently, after assigning a specific message to
+# GIT_REFLOG_ACTION when calling a "git" command to record a custom
+# reflog message, do not leave that custom value in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION,
+# after you are done.  Other callers of "git" commands that rely on
+# writing the default "program name" in reflog expect the variable to
+# contain the value set by this function.
+#
+# To use a custom reflog message, do either one of these three:
+#
+# (a) use a single-shot export form:
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz" \
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#
+# (b) save the original away and restore:
+#     SAVED_ACTION=$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#     git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACITON=$SAVED_ACTION
+#
+# (c) assign the variable in a subshell:
+#     (
+#         GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     )
 set_reflog_action() {
 	if [ -z "${GIT_REFLOG_ACTION:+set}" ]
 	then
@@ -191,28 +228,52 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+# Generate a sed script to parse identities from a commit.
+#
+# Reads the commit from stdin, which should be in raw format (e.g., from
+# cat-file or "--pretty=raw").
+#
+# The first argument specifies the ident line to parse (e.g., "author"), and
+# the second specifies the environment variable to put it in (e.g., "AUTHOR"
+# for "GIT_AUTHOR_*"). Multiple pairs can be given to parse author and
+# committer.
+pick_ident_script () {
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		lid=$1; shift
+		uid=$1; shift
+		printf '%s' "
+		/^$lid /{
+			s/'/'\\\\''/g
+			h
+			s/^$lid "'\([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_NAME='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_EMAIL='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_DATE='&'/p
+		}
+		"
+	done
+	echo '/^$/q'
+}
+
+# Create a pick-script as above and feed it to sed. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval.
+parse_ident_from_commit () {
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$(pick_ident_script "$@")"
+}
+
+# Parse the author from a commit given as an argument. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval to set the usual GIT_* ident variables.
 get_author_ident_from_commit () {
-	pick_author_script='
-	/^author /{
-		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-		h
-		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
-
-		q
-	}
-	'
 	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
 	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$1" -- |
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR
 }
 
 # Clear repo-local GIT_* environment variables. Useful when switching to
@@ -222,6 +283,18 @@
 	unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)
 }
 
+# Generate a virtual base file for a two-file merge. Uses git apply to
+# remove lines from $1 that are not in $2, leaving only common lines.
+create_virtual_base() {
+	sz0=$(wc -c <"$1")
+	@@DIFF@@ -u -La/"$1" -Lb/"$1" "$1" "$2" | git apply --no-add
+	sz1=$(wc -c <"$1")
+
+	# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+	# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+	expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >"$1"
+}
+
 
 # Platform specific tweaks to work around some commands
 case $(uname -s) in
@@ -274,3 +347,15 @@
 	}
 	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
 fi
+
+peel_committish () {
+	case "$1" in
+	:/*)
+		peeltmp=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "${peeltmp}^0"
+		;;
+	*)
+		git rev-parse --verify "${1}^0"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
index bbefdf6..f0a94ab 100755
--- a/git-stash.sh
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -156,6 +156,41 @@
 	die "$(gettext "Cannot record working tree state")"
 }
 
+store_stash () {
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-m|--message)
+			shift
+			stash_msg="$1"
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			quiet=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+	test $# = 1 ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "\"$dashless store\" requires one <commit> argument")"
+
+	w_commit="$1"
+	if test -z "$stash_msg"
+	then
+		stash_msg="Created via \"git stash store\"."
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
+	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
+	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit
+	ret=$?
+	test $ret != 0 && test -z $quiet &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot update \$ref_stash with \$w_commit")"
+	return $ret
+}
+
 save_stash () {
 	keep_index=
 	patch_mode=
@@ -227,12 +262,8 @@
 		clear_stash || die "$(gettext "Cannot initialize stash")"
 
 	create_stash "$stash_msg" $untracked
-
-	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
-	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
-
-	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit ||
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
+	store_stash -m "$stash_msg" -q $w_commit ||
+	die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
 	say Saved working directory and index state "$stash_msg"
 
 	if test -z "$patch_mode"
@@ -327,7 +358,7 @@
 	i_tree=
 	u_tree=
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic "$@") || exit 1
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic --sq "$@") || exit 1
 
 	FLAGS=
 	for opt
@@ -345,7 +376,7 @@
 		esac
 	done
 
-	set -- $REV
+	eval set -- $REV
 
 	case $# in
 		0)
@@ -360,13 +391,13 @@
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --quiet --symbolic --verify $1 2>/dev/null) || {
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --quiet --symbolic --verify "$1" 2>/dev/null) || {
 		reference="$1"
 		die "$(eval_gettext "\$reference is not valid reference")"
 	}
 
-	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^2 2>/dev/null) &&
-	set -- $(git rev-parse $REV $REV^1 $REV: $REV^1: $REV^2: 2>/dev/null) &&
+	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$REV^2" 2>/dev/null) &&
+	set -- $(git rev-parse "$REV" "$REV^1" "$REV:" "$REV^1:" "$REV^2:" 2>/dev/null) &&
 	s=$1 &&
 	w_commit=$1 &&
 	b_commit=$2 &&
@@ -377,8 +408,8 @@
 	test "$ref_stash" = "$(git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "${REV%@*}")" &&
 	IS_STASH_REF=t
 
-	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^3 2>/dev/null) &&
-	u_tree=$(git rev-parse $REV^3: 2>/dev/null)
+	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$REV^3" 2>/dev/null) &&
+	u_tree=$(git rev-parse "$REV^3:" 2>/dev/null)
 }
 
 is_stash_like()
@@ -546,12 +577,13 @@
 	clear_stash "$@"
 	;;
 create)
-	if test $# -gt 0 && test "$1" = create
-	then
-		shift
-	fi
+	shift
 	create_stash "$*" && echo "$w_commit"
 	;;
+store)
+	shift
+	store_stash "$@"
+	;;
 drop)
 	shift
 	drop_stash "$@"
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index 02f82e9..66f5f75 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -5,18 +5,22 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
 
 dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
-USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]"
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 . git-parse-remote
 require_work_tree
+wt_prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd_to_toplevel
 
 command=
 branch=
@@ -26,9 +30,12 @@
 recursive=
 init=
 files=
+remote=
 nofetch=
 update=
 prefix=
+custom_name=
+depth=
 
 # The function takes at most 2 arguments. The first argument is the
 # URL that navigates to the submodule origin repo. When relative, this URL
@@ -103,14 +110,50 @@
 	echo "${is_relative:+${up_path}}${remoteurl#./}"
 }
 
+# Resolve a path to be relative to another path.  This is intended for
+# converting submodule paths when git-submodule is run in a subdirectory
+# and only handles paths where the directory separator is '/'.
+#
+# The output is the first argument as a path relative to the second argument,
+# which defaults to $wt_prefix if it is omitted.
+relative_path ()
+{
+	local target curdir result
+	target=$1
+	curdir=${2-$wt_prefix}
+	curdir=${curdir%/}
+	result=
+
+	while test -n "$curdir"
+	do
+		case "$target" in
+		"$curdir/"*)
+			target=${target#"$curdir"/}
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		result="${result}../"
+		if test "$curdir" = "${curdir%/*}"
+		then
+			curdir=
+		else
+			curdir="${curdir%/*}"
+		fi
+	done
+
+	echo "$result$target"
+}
+
 #
 # Get submodule info for registered submodules
 # $@ = path to limit submodule list
 #
 module_list()
 {
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	(
-		git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
+		git ls-files -z --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
 		echo "unmatched pathspec exists"
 	) |
 	perl -e '
@@ -118,6 +161,7 @@
 	my ($null_sha1) = ("0" x 40);
 	my @out = ();
 	my $unmatched = 0;
+	$/ = "\0";
 	while (<STDIN>) {
 		if (/^unmatched pathspec/) {
 			$unmatched = 1;
@@ -152,6 +196,32 @@
 }
 
 #
+# Print a submodule configuration setting
+#
+# $1 = submodule name
+# $2 = option name
+# $3 = default value
+#
+# Checks in the usual git-config places first (for overrides),
+# otherwise it falls back on .gitmodules.  This allows you to
+# distribute project-wide defaults in .gitmodules, while still
+# customizing individual repositories if necessary.  If the option is
+# not in .gitmodules either, print a default value.
+#
+get_submodule_config () {
+	name="$1"
+	option="$2"
+	default="$3"
+	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
+	if test -z "$value"
+	then
+		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
+	fi
+	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
+}
+
+
+#
 # Map submodule path to submodule name
 #
 # $1 = path
@@ -179,8 +249,10 @@
 module_clone()
 {
 	sm_path=$1
-	url=$2
-	reference="$3"
+	name=$2
+	url=$3
+	reference="$4"
+	depth="$5"
 	quiet=
 	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
 	then
@@ -189,8 +261,6 @@
 
 	gitdir=
 	gitdir_base=
-	name=$(module_name "$sm_path" 2>/dev/null)
-	test -n "$name" || name="$sm_path"
 	base_name=$(dirname "$name")
 
 	gitdir=$(git rev-parse --git-dir)
@@ -205,7 +275,7 @@
 		mkdir -p "$gitdir_base"
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
-			git clone $quiet -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
+			git clone $quiet ${depth:+"$depth"} -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
 				--separate-git-dir "$gitdir" "$url" "$sm_path"
 		) ||
 		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$sm_path' failed")"
@@ -239,6 +309,11 @@
 	(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config core.worktree "$rel/$b")
 }
 
+isnumber()
+{
+	n=$(($1 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$n" = "$1"
+}
+
 #
 # Add a new submodule to the working tree, .gitmodules and the index
 #
@@ -249,6 +324,7 @@
 cmd_add()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... add".
+	reference_path=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -265,13 +341,25 @@
 			;;
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
-			reference="--reference=$2"
+			reference_path=$2
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
-			reference="$1"
+			reference_path="${1#--reference=}"
+			;;
+		--name)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			custom_name=$2
 			shift
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -286,6 +374,14 @@
 		shift
 	done
 
+	if test -n "$reference_path"
+	then
+		is_absolute_path "$reference_path" ||
+		reference_path="$wt_prefix$reference_path"
+
+		reference="--reference=$reference_path"
+	fi
+
 	repo=$1
 	sm_path=$2
 
@@ -298,9 +394,14 @@
 		usage
 	fi
 
+	is_absolute_path "$sm_path" || sm_path="$wt_prefix$sm_path"
+
 	# assure repo is absolute or relative to parent
 	case "$repo" in
 	./*|../*)
+		test -z "$wt_prefix" ||
+		die "$(gettext "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree")"
+
 		# dereference source url relative to parent's url
 		realrepo=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
 		;;
@@ -336,6 +437,13 @@
 		exit 1
 	fi
 
+	if test -n "$custom_name"
+	then
+		sm_name="$custom_name"
+	else
+		sm_name="$sm_path"
+	fi
+
 	# perhaps the path exists and is already a git repo, else clone it
 	if test -e "$sm_path"
 	then
@@ -347,8 +455,21 @@
 		fi
 
 	else
-
-		module_clone "$sm_path" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		if test -d ".git/modules/$sm_name"
+		then
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "A git directory for '\$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):")"
+				GIT_DIR=".git/modules/$sm_name" GIT_WORK_TREE=. git remote -v | grep '(fetch)' | sed -e s,^,"  ", -e s,' (fetch)',, >&2
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from")"
+				echo >&2 "  $realrepo"
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' option.")"
+			else
+				echo "$(eval_gettext "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '\$sm_name'.")"
+			fi
+		fi
+		module_clone "$sm_path" "$sm_name" "$realrepo" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
 			cd "$sm_path" &&
@@ -359,13 +480,17 @@
 			esac
 		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 	fi
-	git config submodule."$sm_path".url "$realrepo"
+	git config submodule."$sm_name".url "$realrepo"
 
 	git add $force "$sm_path" ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_path".path "$sm_path" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_path".url "$repo" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 }
@@ -410,21 +535,23 @@
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$displaypath'")"
 			name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
 			(
 				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
 				clear_local_git_env
-				# we make $path available to scripts ...
-				path=$sm_path
 				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				sm_path=$(relative_path "$sm_path") &&
+				# we make $path available to scripts ...
+				path=$sm_path &&
 				eval "$@" &&
 				if test -n "$recursive"
 				then
 					cmd_foreach "--recursive" "$@"
 				fi
 			) <&3 3<&- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$prefix\$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status.")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -463,12 +590,14 @@
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
 		# Copy url setting when it is not set yet
 		if test -z "$(git config "submodule.$name.url")"
 		then
 			url=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".url)
 			test -z "$url" &&
-			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$sm_path' in .gitmodules")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$displaypath' in .gitmodules")"
 
 			# Possibly a url relative to parent
 			case "$url" in
@@ -477,17 +606,105 @@
 				;;
 			esac
 			git config submodule."$name".url "$url" ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$sm_path'")"
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$displaypath'")"
 		fi
 
 		# Copy "update" setting when it is not set yet
-		upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)"
-		test -z "$upd" ||
-		test -n "$(git config submodule."$name".update)" ||
-		git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+		if upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)" &&
+		   test -n "$upd" &&
+		   test -z "$(git config submodule."$name".update)"
+		then
+			case "$upd" in
+			rebase | merge | none)
+				;; # known modes of updating
+			*)
+				echo >&2 "warning: unknown update mode '$upd' suggested for submodule '$name'"
+				upd=none
+				;;
+			esac
+			git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+#
+# Unregister submodules from .git/config and remove their work tree
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (use '.' to deinit all submodules)
+#
+cmd_deinit()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... deinit".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-f|--force)
+			force=$1
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules")"
+	fi
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
+	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
+		# Remove the submodule work tree (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -d "$sm_path"
+		then
+			# Protect submodules containing a .git directory
+			if test -d "$sm_path/.git"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains a .git directory")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)")"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				git rm -qn "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to discard them")"
+			fi
+			rm -rf "$sm_path" &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Cleared directory '\$displaypath'")" ||
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Could not remove submodule work tree '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		mkdir "$sm_path" || say "$(eval_gettext "Could not create empty submodule directory '\$displaypath'")"
+
+		# Remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -n "$(git config --get-regexp submodule."$name\.")"
+		then
+			# Remove the whole section so we have a clean state when
+			# the user later decides to init this submodule again
+			url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+			git config --remove-section submodule."$name" 2>/dev/null &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) unregistered for path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
 	done
 }
 
@@ -509,6 +726,9 @@
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
 			;;
+		--remote)
+			remote=1
+			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
@@ -536,6 +756,14 @@
 		--checkout)
 			update="checkout"
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -564,11 +792,12 @@
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
-			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $sm_path"
+			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $prefix$sm_path"
 			continue
 		fi
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		branch=$(get_submodule_config "$name" branch master)
 		if ! test -z "$update"
 		then
 			update_module=$update
@@ -576,9 +805,11 @@
 			update_module=$(git config submodule."$name".update)
 		fi
 
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+
 		if test "$update_module" = "none"
 		then
-			echo "Skipping submodule '$sm_path'"
+			echo "Skipping submodule '$displaypath'"
 			continue
 		fi
 
@@ -587,20 +818,34 @@
 			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
 			# path have been specified
 			test "$#" != "0" &&
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path' not initialized
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath' not initialized
 Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			continue
 		fi
 
 		if ! test -d "$sm_path"/.git -o -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			module_clone "$sm_path" "$url" "$reference"|| exit
+			module_clone "$sm_path" "$name" "$url" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 			cloned_modules="$cloned_modules;$name"
 			subsha1=
 		else
 			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$remote"
+		then
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				# Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
+				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git-fetch) ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			fi
+			remote_name=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+			sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify "${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current ${remote_name}/${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 
 		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1" -o -n "$force"
@@ -619,7 +864,7 @@
 				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 					( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
 					 test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
-				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 			fi
 
 			# Is this something we just cloned?
@@ -633,20 +878,26 @@
 			case "$update_module" in
 			rebase)
 				command="git rebase"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			merge)
 				command="git merge"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				must_die_on_failure=yes
+				;;
+			!*)
+				command="${update_module#!}"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Execution of '\$command \$sha1' failed in submodule  path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': '\$command \$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			*)
 				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$sm_path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': checked out '\$sha1'")"
 				;;
 			esac
 
@@ -664,11 +915,16 @@
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags")
+			(
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+				clear_local_git_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_update "$orig_flags"
+			)
 			res=$?
 			if test $res -gt 0
 			then
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 				if test $res -eq 1
 				then
 					err="${err};$die_msg"
@@ -736,14 +992,14 @@
 			for_status="$1"
 			;;
 		-n|--summary-limit)
-			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
-			then
-				:
-			else
-				usage
-			fi
+			summary_limit="$2"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
 			shift
 			;;
+		--summary-limit=*)
+			summary_limit="${1#--summary-limit=}"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -782,16 +1038,24 @@
 	fi
 
 	cd_to_toplevel
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	# Get modified modules cared by user
 	modules=$(git $diff_cmd $cached --ignore-submodules=dirty --raw $head -- "$@" |
 		sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
-		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status sm_path
 		do
 			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
-			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$sm_path" && continue
+			# Respect the ignore setting for --for-status.
+			if test -n "$for_status"
+			then
+				name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
+				ignore_config=$(get_submodule_config "$name" ignore none)
+				test $status != A -a $ignore_config = all && continue
+			fi
 			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
-			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-			echo "$name"
+			GIT_DIR="$sm_path/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			echo "$sm_path"
 		done
 	)
 
@@ -831,16 +1095,18 @@
 		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null &&
 		missing_dst=t
 
+		display_name=$(relative_path "$name")
+
 		total_commits=
 		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
 		t,)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
 			;;
 		,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		t,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		*)
 			errmsg=
@@ -869,12 +1135,12 @@
 			submodule="$(gettext "submodule")"
 			if test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
 			else
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
 			fi
 		else
-			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+			echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
 		fi
 		if test -n "$errmsg"
 		then
@@ -900,18 +1166,7 @@
 			echo
 		fi
 		echo
-	done |
-	if test -n "$for_status"; then
-		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
-			gettextln "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-		else
-			gettextln "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-		fi
-		echo "#"
-		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
-	else
-		cat
-	fi
+	done
 }
 #
 # List all submodules, prefixed with:
@@ -926,7 +1181,6 @@
 cmd_status()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -950,7 +1204,6 @@
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
@@ -960,7 +1213,7 @@
 		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
-		displaypath="$prefix$sm_path"
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
 			say "U$sha1 $displaypath"
@@ -971,16 +1224,16 @@
 			say "-$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue;
 		fi
-		set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$sm_path"
 		then
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say " $sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		else
 			if test -z "$cached"
 			then
 				sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-				set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			fi
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say "+$sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		fi
 
@@ -990,7 +1243,7 @@
 				prefix="$displaypath/"
 				clear_local_git_env
 				cd "$sm_path" &&
-				eval cmd_status "$orig_args"
+				eval cmd_status
 			) ||
 			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
@@ -1010,6 +1263,10 @@
 			GIT_QUIET=1
 			shift
 			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			shift
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -1051,7 +1308,8 @@
 
 		if git config "submodule.$name.url" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$name'")"
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$displaypath'")"
 			git config submodule."$name".url "$super_config_url"
 
 			if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
@@ -1061,6 +1319,12 @@
 				cd "$sm_path"
 				remote=$(get_default_remote)
 				git config remote."$remote".url "$sub_origin_url"
+
+				if test -n "$recursive"
+				then
+					prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+					eval cmd_sync
+				fi
 			)
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -1076,7 +1340,7 @@
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+	add | foreach | init | deinit | update | status | summary | sync)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index bd5266c..7349ffe 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@
 	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
 } || '';
 
-my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
 $Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
 
 if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH} && exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
@@ -114,7 +112,8 @@
 	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
 	$_template, $_shared,
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
-	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_before, $_after,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_parents, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
 	$_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
 
@@ -127,6 +126,7 @@
                     'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
                     'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
                     'ignore-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'include-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex,
                     'ignore-refs=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex );
 my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
 		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@
 	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'parents' => \$_parents,
 	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
 	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@
 	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'parents' => \$_parents,
 	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
 	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
@@ -258,7 +260,8 @@
 			} ],
 	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
 	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
-			{} ],
+			{ 'before' => \$_before,
+			  'after' => \$_after } ],
 	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
 			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
 			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
@@ -325,27 +328,20 @@
 };
 
 # make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
-unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
-	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
-		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
-			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
-			    "but it is not a directory\n";
-		}
-		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-		my $cdup = undef;
-		git_cmd_try {
-			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
-			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
-			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
-			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
-		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
-		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
-		unless (-d $git_dir) {
-			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
-			    "'$cdup'\n";
-		}
-		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-	}
+if ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= ".git";
+} else {
+	my ($git_dir, $cdup);
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$git_dir = command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --git-dir/]);
+	} "Unable to find .git directory\n";
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+		chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+		$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+	} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
 	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
 
@@ -389,7 +385,7 @@
 	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
 	print $fd <<"";
 git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
-Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
 
 	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
 
@@ -477,6 +473,9 @@
 	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_paths_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_paths_regex;
+	my $include_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.include-paths", $$include_paths_regex)
+		if defined $$include_paths_regex;
 	my $ignore_refs_regex = \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-refs", $$ignore_refs_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_refs_regex;
@@ -541,7 +540,7 @@
 	}
 	my ($remote) = @_;
 	if (@_ > 1) {
-		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+		die "usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
 	}
 	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
 	if ($_fetch_parent) {
@@ -676,12 +675,14 @@
 }
 
 sub merge_merge_info {
-	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two) = @_;
+	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two, $ignore_branch) = @_;
 	my %result_hash = ();
 
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_one);
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_two);
 
+	delete $result_hash{$ignore_branch} if $ignore_branch;
+
 	my $result = '';
 	# Sort below is for consistency's sake
 	for my $branchname (sort keys(%result_hash)) {
@@ -702,6 +703,7 @@
 		my $all_parents_ok = 1;
 		my $aggregate_mergeinfo = '';
 		my $rooturl = $gs->repos_root;
+		my ($target_branch) = $gs->full_pushurl =~ /^\Q$rooturl\E(.*)/;
 
 		if (defined($rewritten_parent)) {
 			# Replace first parent with newly-rewritten version
@@ -733,7 +735,8 @@
 			# Merge previous mergeinfo values
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $par_mergeinfo, 0);
+								$par_mergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 
 			next if $parent eq $parents[0]; # Skip first parent
 			# Add new changes being placed in tree by merge
@@ -776,7 +779,8 @@
 			my $newmergeinfo = "$branchpath:" . join(',', @revsin);
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $newmergeinfo, 1);
+								$newmergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 		}
 		if ($all_parents_ok and $aggregate_mergeinfo) {
 			return $aggregate_mergeinfo;
@@ -827,7 +831,7 @@
 sub cmd_dcommit {
 	my $head = shift;
 	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
-	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD/) }
+	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD --/) }
 		'Cannot dcommit with a dirty index.  Commit your changes first, '
 		. "or stash them with `git stash'.\n";
 	$head ||= 'HEAD';
@@ -1170,6 +1174,10 @@
 		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
 	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
 
+	if ($_parents) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $dst);
+	}
+
 	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
 	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
 		unless $_dry_run;
@@ -1177,6 +1185,17 @@
 	$gs->fetch_all;
 }
 
+sub mk_parent_dirs {
+	my ($ctx, $parent) = @_;
+	$parent =~ s{/[^/]*$}{};
+
+	if (!eval{$ctx->ls($parent, 'HEAD', 0)}) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $parent);
+		print "Creating parent folder ${parent} ...\n";
+		$ctx->mkdir($parent) unless $_dry_run;
+	}
+}
+
 sub cmd_find_rev {
 	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
 	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
@@ -1191,7 +1210,13 @@
 			    "$head history\n";
 		}
 		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
-		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		if ($_before) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_before($desired_revision, 1);
+		} elsif ($_after) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_after($desired_revision, 1);
+		} else {
+			$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		}
 	} else {
 		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
 		$result = $rev;
@@ -1221,7 +1246,7 @@
 		return;
 	}
 	if (command(qw/diff-index HEAD --/)) {
-		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommited changes:\n";
+		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommitted changes:\n";
 		command_noisy('status');
 		exit 1;
 	}
@@ -1364,7 +1389,17 @@
 		usage(1);
 	}
 
-	$_prefix = '' unless defined $_prefix;
+	unless (defined $_prefix) {
+		$_prefix = '';
+		warn <<EOF
+WARNING: --prefix is not given, defaulting to empty prefix.
+         This is probably not what you want! In order to stay compatible
+         with regular remote-tracking refs, provide a prefix like
+         --prefix=origin/ (remember the trailing slash), which will cause
+         the SVN-tracking refs to be placed at refs/remotes/origin/*.
+NOTE: In Git v2.0, the default prefix will change from empty to 'origin/'.
+EOF
+	}
 	if (defined $url) {
 		$url = canonicalize_url($url);
 		init_subdir(@_);
@@ -1405,7 +1440,7 @@
 # this command is special because it requires no metadata
 sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
-	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	my $usage = "usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
 	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
 	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
 	my $svn_path = '';
@@ -1734,7 +1769,7 @@
 		my $msgbuf = "";
 		while (<$msg_fh>) {
 			if (!$in_msg) {
-				$in_msg = 1 if (/^\s*$/);
+				$in_msg = 1 if (/^$/);
 				$author = $1 if (/^author (.*>)/);
 			} elsif (/^git-svn-id: /) {
 				# skip this for now, we regenerate the
@@ -1907,7 +1942,7 @@
 sub working_head_info {
 	my ($head, $refs) = @_;
 	my @args = qw/rev-list --first-parent --pretty=medium/;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head);
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head, "--");
 	my $hash;
 	my %max;
 	while (<$fh>) {
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 1e82726..ebdfba6 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
 	firefox | iceweasel | seamonkey | iceape | \
-	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser |\
-	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser | \
+	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | \
+	start | cygstart | xdg-open)
 		;; # happy
 	*)
 		valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@
 
 if test -z "$browser" ; then
 	if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
-		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo"
+		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo xdg-open"
 		if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
 			browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
 		fi
@@ -119,14 +120,18 @@
 		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
 	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" || test -n "$TERM_PROGRAM"
+	then
 		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
 	fi
 	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
 	if test -x /bin/start; then
 		browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
 	fi
+	# /usr/bin/cygstart indicates Cygwin
+	if test -x /usr/bin/cygstart; then
+		browser_candidates="cygstart $browser_candidates"
+	fi
 
 	for i in $browser_candidates; do
 		init_browser_path $i
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@
 		;;
 	esac
 	;;
-w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open)
+w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open|cygstart|xdg-open)
 	"$browser_path" "$@"
 	;;
 start)
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index 8788b32..cb5208d 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -4,52 +4,22 @@
 #include "help.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 const char git_usage_string[] =
-	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
+	"git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]\n"
+	"           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
 	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
 	"           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]\n"
-	"           [-c name=value] [--help]\n"
 	"           <command> [<args>]";
 
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
-	N_("See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command.");
+	N_("'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+	   "concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+	   "to read about a specific subcommand or concept.");
 
 static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
-struct pager_config {
-	const char *cmd;
-	int want;
-	char *value;
-};
-
-static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
-{
-	struct pager_config *c = data;
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
-		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
-		if (b >= 0)
-			c->want = b;
-		else {
-			c->want = 1;
-			c->value = xstrdup(value);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
-int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct pager_config c;
-	c.cmd = cmd;
-	c.want = -1;
-	c.value = NULL;
-	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
-	if (c.value)
-		pager_program = c.value;
-	return c.want;
-}
 
 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
 	switch (use_pager) {
@@ -158,6 +128,7 @@
 			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
 			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-c")) {
@@ -168,6 +139,43 @@
 			git_config_push_parameter((*argv)[1]);
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--glob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--noglob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--icase-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--shallow-file")) {
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			set_alternate_shallow_file((*argv)[0]);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-C")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for -C.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			if (chdir((*argv)[1]))
+				die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", (*argv)[1]);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
 			usage(git_usage_string);
@@ -338,6 +346,8 @@
 		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "check-ignore", cmd_check_ignore, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "check-mailmap", cmd_check_mailmap, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
 		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
@@ -409,6 +419,7 @@
 		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
 		{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
+		{ "repack", cmd_repack, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "repo-config", cmd_repo_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
@@ -528,8 +539,9 @@
 }
 
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **av)
 {
+	const char **argv = (const char **) av;
 	const char *cmd;
 
 	startup_info = &git_startup_info;
@@ -538,6 +550,13 @@
 	if (!cmd)
 		cmd = "git-help";
 
+	/*
+	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 */
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
 	/*
@@ -569,7 +588,7 @@
 		commit_pager_choice();
 		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	cmd = argv[0];
diff --git a/git.rc b/git.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bce6db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     MAJOR,MINOR,PATCH,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  MAJOR,MINOR,PATCH,0
+BEGIN
+  BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    BLOCK "040904b0"   /* LANG_ENGLISH/SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US, Unicode CP */
+    BEGIN
+      VALUE "CompanyName", "The Git Development Community\0"
+      VALUE "FileDescription", "Git for Windows\0"
+      VALUE "InternalName", "git\0"
+      VALUE "OriginalFilename", "git.exe\0"
+      VALUE "ProductName", "Git\0"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", GIT_VERSION "\0"
+    END
+  END
+
+  BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+  END
+END
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 2247d5f..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/build
-/dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 74b05dc..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Makefile for the git_remote_helpers python support modules
-#
-pysetupfile:=setup.py
-
-# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
-DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
-
-ifndef PYTHON_PATH
-	ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	else
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
-	endif
-endif
-ifndef prefix
-	prefix = $(HOME)
-endif
-ifndef V
-	QUIET = @
-	QUIETSETUP = --quiet
-endif
-
-PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
-	 "import sys; \
-	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
-
-all: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
-
-install: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
-
-instlibdir: $(pysetupfile)
-	@echo "$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)/$(PYLIBDIR)"
-
-clean:
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
-	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 00f69cb..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Support library package for git remote helpers.
-
-Git remote helpers are helper commands that interfaces with a non-git
-repository to provide automatic import of non-git history into a Git
-repository.
-
-This package provides the support library needed by these helpers..
-The following modules are included:
-
-- git.git - Interaction with Git repositories
-
-- util - General utility functionality use by the other modules in
-         this package, and also used directly by the helpers.
-"""
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ee5f96..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-class GitExporter(object):
-    """An exporter for testgit repositories.
-
-    The exporter simply delegates to git fast-export.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new exporter for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def export_repo(self, base, refs=None):
-        """Exports a fast-export stream for the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-epxort and pipes it through sed
-        to make the refs show up under the prefix rather than the
-        default refs/heads. This is to demonstrate how the export
-        data can be stored under it's own ref (using the refspec
-        capability).
-
-        If None, refs defaults to ["HEAD"].
-        """
-
-        if not refs:
-            refs = ["HEAD"]
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        print "feature relative-marks"
-        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks')):
-            print "feature import-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        print "feature export-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + self.repo.gitpath, "fast-export", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        args.extend(refs)
-
-        p1 = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-
-        args = ["sed", "s_refs/heads/_" + self.repo.prefix + "_g"]
-
-        check_call(args, stdin=p1.stdout)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 007a1bf..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Functionality for interacting with Git repositories.
-
-This module provides classes for interfacing with a Git repository.
-"""
-
-import os
-import re
-import time
-from binascii import hexlify
-from cStringIO import StringIO
-import unittest
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import debug, error, die, start_command, run_command
-
-
-def get_git_dir ():
-    """Return the path to the GIT_DIR for this repo."""
-    args = ("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(args)
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git dir")
-    assert not errors
-    return output.strip()
-
-
-def parse_git_config ():
-    """Return a dict containing the parsed version of 'git config -l'."""
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(("git", "config", "-z", "-l"))
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git configuration")
-    assert not errors
-    return dict([e.split('\n', 1) for e in output.split("\0") if e])
-
-
-def git_config_bool (value):
-    """Convert the given git config string value to True or False.
-
-    Raise ValueError if the given string was not recognized as a
-    boolean value.
-
-    """
-    norm_value = str(value).strip().lower()
-    if norm_value in ("true", "1", "yes", "on", ""):
-        return True
-    if norm_value in ("false", "0", "no", "off", "none"):
-        return False
-    raise ValueError("Failed to parse '%s' into a boolean value" % (value))
-
-
-def valid_git_ref (ref_name):
-    """Return True iff the given ref name is a valid git ref name."""
-    # The following is a reimplementation of the git check-ref-format
-    # command.  The rules were derived from the git check-ref-format(1)
-    # manual page.  This code should be replaced by a call to
-    # check_refname_format() in the git library, when such is available.
-    if ref_name.endswith('/') or \
-       ref_name.startswith('.') or \
-       ref_name.count('/.') or \
-       ref_name.count('..') or \
-       ref_name.endswith('.lock'):
-        return False
-    for c in ref_name:
-        if ord(c) < 0x20 or ord(c) == 0x7f or c in " ~^:?*[":
-            return False
-    return True
-
-
-class GitObjectFetcher(object):
-
-    """Provide parsed access to 'git cat-file --batch'.
-
-    This provides a read-only interface to the Git object database.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self):
-        """Initiate a 'git cat-file --batch' session."""
-        self.queue = []  # List of object names to be submitted
-        self.in_transit = None  # Object name currently in transit
-
-        # 'git cat-file --batch' produces binary output which is likely
-        # to be corrupted by the default "rU"-mode pipe opened by
-        # start_command.  (Mode == "rU" does universal new-line
-        # conversion, which mangles carriage returns.) Therefore, we
-        # open an explicitly binary-safe pipe for transferring the
-        # output from 'git cat-file --batch'.
-        pipe_r_fd, pipe_w_fd = os.pipe()
-        pipe_r = os.fdopen(pipe_r_fd, "rb")
-        pipe_w = os.fdopen(pipe_w_fd, "wb")
-        self.proc = start_command(("git", "cat-file", "--batch"),
-                                  stdout = pipe_w)
-        self.f = pipe_r
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify completed communication with 'git cat-file --batch'."""
-        assert not self.queue
-        assert self.in_transit is None
-        self.proc.stdin.close()
-        assert self.proc.wait() == 0  # Zero exit code
-        assert self.f.read() == ""  # No remaining output
-
-    def _submit_next_object (self):
-        """Submit queue items to the 'git cat-file --batch' process.
-
-        If there are items in the queue, and there is currently no item
-        currently in 'transit', then pop the first item off the queue,
-        and submit it.
-
-        """
-        if self.queue and self.in_transit is None:
-            self.in_transit = self.queue.pop(0)
-            print >> self.proc.stdin, self.in_transit[0]
-
-    def push (self, obj, callback):
-        """Push the given object name onto the queue.
-
-        The given callback function will at some point in the future
-        be called exactly once with the following arguments:
-        - self - this GitObjectFetcher instance
-        - obj  - the object name provided to push()
-        - sha1 - the SHA1 of the object, if 'None' obj is missing
-        - t    - the type of the object (tag/commit/tree/blob)
-        - size - the size of the object in bytes
-        - data - the object contents
-
-        """
-        self.queue.append((obj, callback))
-        self._submit_next_object()  # (Re)start queue processing
-
-    def process_next_entry (self):
-        """Read the next entry off the queue and invoke callback."""
-        obj, cb = self.in_transit
-        self.in_transit = None
-        header = self.f.readline()
-        if header == "%s missing\n" % (obj):
-            cb(self, obj, None, None, None, None)
-            return
-        sha1, t, size = header.split(" ")
-        assert len(sha1) == 40
-        assert t in ("tag", "commit", "tree", "blob")
-        assert size.endswith("\n")
-        size = int(size.strip())
-        data = self.f.read(size)
-        assert self.f.read(1) == "\n"
-        cb(self, obj, sha1, t, size, data)
-        self._submit_next_object()
-
-    def process (self):
-        """Process the current queue until empty."""
-        while self.in_transit is not None:
-            self.process_next_entry()
-
-    # High-level convenience methods:
-
-    def get_sha1 (self, objspec):
-        """Return the SHA1 of the object specified by 'objspec'.
-
-        Return None if 'objspec' does not specify an existing object.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for getting the returned SHA1."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.sha1 = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                # FIXME: Many unused arguments. Could this be cheaper?
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                self.sha1 = sha1
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        return handler.sha1
-
-    def open_obj (self, objspec):
-        """Return a file object wrapping the contents of a named object.
-
-        The caller is responsible for calling .close() on the returned
-        file object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if 'objspec' does not exist in the repo.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for parsing the returned git object."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.contents = StringIO()
-                self.err = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % obj
-                else:
-                    assert size == len(data)
-                    self.contents.write(data)
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        if handler.err:
-            raise KeyError(handler.err)
-        handler.contents.seek(0)
-        return handler.contents
-
-    def walk_tree (self, tree_objspec, callback, prefix = ""):
-        """Recursively walk the given Git tree object.
-
-        Recursively walk all subtrees of the given tree object, and
-        invoke the given callback passing three arguments:
-        (path, mode, data) with the path, permission bits, and contents
-        of all the blobs found in the entire tree structure.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for walking a git tree structure."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser, cb, path, mode = None):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.cb = cb
-                self.path = path
-                self.mode = mode
-                self.err = None
-
-            def parse_tree (self, treedata):
-                """Parse tree object data, yield tree entries.
-
-                Each tree entry is a 3-tuple (mode, sha1, path)
-
-                self.path is prepended to all paths yielded
-                from this method.
-
-                """
-                while treedata:
-                    mode = int(treedata[:6], 10)
-                    # Turn 100xxx into xxx
-                    if mode > 100000:
-                        mode -= 100000
-                    assert treedata[6] == " "
-                    i = treedata.find("\0", 7)
-                    assert i > 0
-                    path = treedata[7:i]
-                    sha1 = hexlify(treedata[i + 1: i + 21])
-                    yield (mode, sha1, self.path + path)
-                    treedata = treedata[i + 21:]
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % (obj)
-                    return
-                assert size == len(data)
-                if t == "tree":
-                    if self.path:
-                        self.path += "/"
-                    # Recurse into all blobs and subtrees
-                    for m, s, p in self.parse_tree(data):
-                        parser.push(s,
-                                    self.__class__(self.parser, self.cb, p, m))
-                elif t == "blob":
-                    self.cb(self.path, self.mode, data)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("Unknown object type '%s'" % (t))
-
-        self.push(tree_objspec, _ObjHandler(self, callback, prefix))
-        self.process()
-
-
-class GitRefMap(object):
-
-    """Map Git ref names to the Git object names they currently point to.
-
-    Behaves like a dictionary of Git ref names -> Git object names.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git ref -> object map."""
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher
-        self._cache = {}  # dict: refname -> objname
-
-    def _load (self, ref):
-        """Retrieve the object currently bound to the given ref.
-
-        The name of the object pointed to by the given ref is stored
-        into this mapping, and also returned.
-
-        """
-        if ref not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[ref] = self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(ref)
-        return self._cache[ref]
-
-    def __contains__ (self, refname):
-        """Return True if the given refname is present in this cache."""
-        return bool(self._load(refname))
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, refname):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            raise KeyError("Unknown ref '%s'" % (refname))
-        return commit
-
-    def get (self, refname, default = None):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            return default
-        return commit
-
-
-class GitFICommit(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate the data in a Git fast-import commit command."""
-
-    SHA1RE = re.compile(r'^[0-9a-f]{40}$')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_mode (cls, mode):
-        """Verify the given git file mode, and return it as a string."""
-        assert mode in (644, 755, 100644, 100755, 120000)
-        return "%i" % (mode)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_objname (cls, objname):
-        """Return the given object name (or mark number) as a string."""
-        if isinstance(objname, int):  # Object name is a mark number
-            assert objname > 0
-            return ":%i" % (objname)
-
-        # No existence check is done, only checks for valid format
-        assert cls.SHA1RE.match(objname)  # Object name is valid SHA1
-        return objname
-
-    @classmethod
-    def quote_path (cls, path):
-        """Return a quoted version of the given path."""
-        path = path.replace("\\", "\\\\")
-        path = path.replace("\n", "\\n")
-        path = path.replace('"', '\\"')
-        return '"%s"' % (path)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_path (cls, path):
-        """Verify that the given path is valid, and quote it, if needed."""
-        assert not isinstance(path, int)  # Cannot be a mark number
-
-        # These checks verify the rules on the fast-import man page
-        assert not path.count("//")
-        assert not path.endswith("/")
-        assert not path.startswith("/")
-        assert not path.count("/./")
-        assert not path.count("/../")
-        assert not path.endswith("/.")
-        assert not path.endswith("/..")
-        assert not path.startswith("./")
-        assert not path.startswith("../")
-
-        if path.count('"') + path.count('\n') + path.count('\\'):
-            return cls.quote_path(path)
-        return path
-
-    def __init__ (self, name, email, timestamp, timezone, message):
-        """Create a new Git fast-import commit, with the given metadata."""
-        self.name = name
-        self.email = email
-        self.timestamp = timestamp
-        self.timezone = timezone
-        self.message = message
-        self.pathops = []  # List of path operations in this commit
-
-    def modify (self, mode, blobname, path):
-        """Add a file modification to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("M",
-                             self.parse_mode(mode),
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def delete (self, path):
-        """Add a file deletion to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("D", self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def copy (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file copy to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("C",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def rename (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file rename to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("R",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def note (self, blobname, commit):
-        """Add a note object to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("N",
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_objname(commit)))
-
-    def deleteall (self):
-        """Delete all files in this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append("deleteall")
-
-
-class TestGitFICommit(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """GitFICommit selftests."""
-
-    def test_basic (self):
-        """GitFICommit basic selftests."""
-
-        def expect_fail (method, data):
-            """Verify that the method(data) raises an AssertionError."""
-            try:
-                method(data)
-            except AssertionError:
-                return
-            raise AssertionError("Failed test for invalid data '%s(%s)'" %
-                                 (method.__name__, repr(data)))
-
-    def test_parse_mode (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_mode() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(644), "644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(755), "755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100644), "100644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100755), "100755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(120000), "120000")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 123)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 600)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "644")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "abc")
-
-    def test_parse_objname (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_objname() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname(1), ":1")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, -1)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("0123456789" * 4),
-                         "0123456789" * 4)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("2468abcdef" * 4),
-                         "2468abcdef" * 4)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname,
-                          "abcdefghij" * 4)
-
-    def test_parse_path (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_path() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("foo/bar"), "foo/bar")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("path/with\n and \" in it"),
-                         '"path/with\\n and \\" in it"')
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo//bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "/foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/./bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/../bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/.")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/..")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "./foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "../foo/bar")
-
-
-class GitFastImport(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate communication with git fast-import."""
-
-    def __init__ (self, f, obj_fetcher, last_mark = 0):
-        """Set up self to communicate with a fast-import process through f."""
-        self.f = f  # File object where fast-import stream is written
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # GitObjectFetcher instance
-        self.next_mark = last_mark + 1  # Next mark number
-        self.refs = set()  # Keep track of the refnames we've seen
-
-    def comment (self, s):
-        """Write the given comment in the fast-import stream."""
-        assert "\n" not in s, "Malformed comment: '%s'" % (s)
-        self.f.write("# %s\n" % (s))
-
-    def commit (self, ref, commitdata):
-        """Make a commit on the given ref, with the given GitFICommit.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this commit.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("""\
-commit %(ref)s
-mark :%(mark)i
-committer %(name)s <%(email)s> %(timestamp)i %(timezone)s
-data %(msgLength)i
-%(msg)s
-""" % {
-    'ref': ref,
-    'mark': self.next_mark,
-    'name': commitdata.name,
-    'email': commitdata.email,
-    'timestamp': commitdata.timestamp,
-    'timezone': commitdata.timezone,
-    'msgLength': len(commitdata.message),
-    'msg': commitdata.message,
-})
-
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-            parent = ref + "^0"
-            if self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(parent):
-                self.f.write("from %s\n" % (parent))
-
-        for op in commitdata.pathops:
-            self.f.write(" ".join(op))
-            self.f.write("\n")
-        self.f.write("\n")
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def blob (self, data):
-        """Import the given blob.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this blob.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("blob\nmark :%i\ndata %i\n%s\n" %
-                     (self.next_mark, len(data), data))
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def reset (self, ref, objname):
-        """Reset the given ref to point at the given Git object."""
-        self.f.write("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n" %
-                     (ref, GitFICommit.parse_objname(objname)))
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-
-
-class GitNotes(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git notes interface, bound to the given notes ref."""
-        self.notes_ref = notes_ref
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # Used to get objects from repo
-        self.imports = []  # list: (objname, note data blob name) tuples
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that self.commit_notes() was called before destruction."""
-        if self.imports:
-            error("Missing call to self.commit_notes().")
-            error("%i notes are not committed!", len(self.imports))
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Return the note data associated with the given git object.
-
-        The note data is returned in string form. If no note is found
-        for the given object, None is returned.
-
-        """
-        try:
-            f = self.obj_fetcher.open_obj("%s:%s" % (self.notes_ref, objname))
-            ret = f.read()
-            f.close()
-        except KeyError:
-            ret = None
-        return ret
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, objname):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            raise KeyError("Object '%s' has no note" % (objname))
-        return blobdata
-
-    def get (self, objname, default = None):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Return given default if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            return default
-        return blobdata
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Tell git fast-import to store data as a note for objname.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        blob containing the given note data.  Also an entry mapping the
-        given object name to the created blob is stored until
-        commit_notes() is called.
-
-        Note that this method only works if it is later followed by a
-        call to self.commit_notes() (which produces the note commit
-        that refers to the blob produced here).
-
-        """
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        gfi.comment("Importing note for object %s" % (objname))
-        mark = gfi.blob(data)
-        self.imports.append((objname, mark))
-
-    def commit_notes (self, gfi, author, message):
-        """Produce a git fast-import note commit for the imported notes.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        commit on the notes ref, introducing the notes previously
-        submitted to import_note().
-
-        """
-        if not self.imports:
-            return
-        commitdata = GitFICommit(author[0], author[1],
-                                 time.time(), "0000", message)
-        for objname, blobname in self.imports:
-            assert isinstance(objname, int) and objname > 0
-            assert isinstance(blobname, int) and blobname > 0
-            commitdata.note(blobname, objname)
-        gfi.commit(self.notes_ref, commitdata)
-        self.imports = []
-
-
-class GitCachedNotes(GitNotes):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes (cached version).
-
-    Only use this class if no caching is done at a higher level.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Set up a caching wrapper around GitNotes."""
-        GitNotes.__init__(self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher)
-        self._cache = {}  # Cache: object name -> note data
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that GitNotes' destructor is called."""
-        GitNotes.__del__(self)
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Extend GitNotes._load() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if objname not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[objname] = GitNotes._load(self, objname)
-        return self._cache[objname]
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Extend GitNotes.import_note() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        assert objname not in self._cache
-        self._cache[objname] = data
-        GitNotes.import_note(self, objname, data, gfi)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c6b595..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, check_output
-
-
-class GitImporter(object):
-    """An importer for testgit repositories.
-
-    This importer simply delegates to git fast-import.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new importer for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def get_refs(self, gitdir):
-        """Returns a dictionary with refs.
-        """
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "for-each-ref", "refs/heads"]
-        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n')
-        refs = {}
-        for line in lines:
-            value, name = line.split(' ')
-            name = name.strip('commit\t')
-            refs[name] = value
-        return refs
-
-    def do_import(self, base):
-        """Imports a fast-import stream to the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-import.
-        """
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        if self.repo.local:
-            gitdir = self.repo.gitpath
-        else:
-            gitdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, '.git'))
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        refs_before = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "fast-import", "--quiet", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        refs_after = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        changed = {}
-
-        for name, value in refs_after.iteritems():
-            if refs_before.get(name) == value:
-                continue
-
-            changed[name] = value
-
-        return changed
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e700250..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, die, warn
-
-
-class NonLocalGit(object):
-    """Handler to interact with non-local repos.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new non-local handler for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def clone(self, base):
-        """Clones the non-local repo to base.
-
-        Does nothing if a clone already exists.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        # already cloned
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            return path
-
-        os.makedirs(path)
-        args = ["git", "clone", "--bare", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, path]
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        return path
-
-    def update(self, base):
-        """Updates checkout of the non-local repo in base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "fetch", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath]
-        check_call(args)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "update-ref", "refs/heads/master", "FETCH_HEAD"]
-        child = check_call(args)
-
-    def push(self, base):
-        """Pushes from the non-local repo to base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "push", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, "--all"]
-        child = check_call(args)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index acbf8d7..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-def sanitize(rev, sep='\t'):
-    """Converts a for-each-ref line to a name/value pair.
-    """
-
-    splitrev = rev.split(sep)
-    branchval = splitrev[0]
-    branchname = splitrev[1].strip()
-    if branchname.startswith("refs/heads/"):
-        branchname = branchname[11:]
-
-    return branchname, branchval
-
-def is_remote(url):
-    """Checks whether the specified value is a remote url.
-    """
-
-    prefixes = ["http", "file", "git"]
-
-    for prefix in prefixes:
-        if url.startswith(prefix):
-            return True
-    return False
-
-class GitRepo(object):
-    """Repo object representing a repo.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        """Initializes a new repo at the given path.
-        """
-
-        self.path = path
-        self.head = None
-        self.revmap = {}
-        self.local = not is_remote(self.path)
-
-        if(self.path.endswith('.git')):
-            self.gitpath = self.path
-        else:
-            self.gitpath = os.path.join(self.path, '.git')
-
-        if self.local and not os.path.exists(self.gitpath):
-            os.makedirs(self.gitpath)
-
-    def get_revs(self):
-        """Fetches all revs from the remote.
-        """
-
-        args = ["git", "ls-remote", self.gitpath]
-        path = ".cached_revs"
-        ofile = open(path, "w")
-
-        check_call(args, stdout=ofile)
-        output = open(path).readlines()
-        self.revmap = dict(sanitize(i) for i in output)
-        if "HEAD" in self.revmap:
-            del self.revmap["HEAD"]
-        self.revs = self.revmap.keys()
-        ofile.close()
-
-    def get_head(self):
-        """Determines the head of a local repo.
-        """
-
-        if not self.local:
-            return
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.gitpath, "HEAD")
-        head = open(path).readline()
-        self.head, _ = sanitize(head, ' ')
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg b/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bff887..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[build]
-build_purelib = build/lib
-build_platlib = build/lib
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d434b6..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Distutils build/install script for the git_remote_helpers package."""
-
-from distutils.core import setup
-
-setup(
-    name = 'git_remote_helpers',
-    version = '0.1.0',
-    description = 'Git remote helper program for non-git repositories',
-    license = 'GPLv2',
-    author = 'The Git Community',
-    author_email = 'git@vger.kernel.org',
-    url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
-    package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
-    packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
-)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/util.py b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fbbb01b..0000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/util.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Misc. useful functionality used by the rest of this package.
-
-This module provides common functionality used by the other modules in
-this package.
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-try:
-    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-except ImportError:
-    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
-    # Exception classes used by this module.
-    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
-        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
-        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
-        returncode attribute."""
-        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
-            self.returncode = returncode
-            self.cmd = cmd
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
-
-
-# Whether or not to show debug messages
-DEBUG = False
-
-def notify(msg, *args):
-    """Print a message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def debug (msg, *args):
-    """Print a debug message to stderr when DEBUG is enabled."""
-    if DEBUG:
-        print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def error (msg, *args):
-    """Print an error message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR:", msg % args
-
-def warn(msg, *args):
-    """Print a warning message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "warning:", msg % args
-
-def die (msg, *args):
-    """Print as error message to stderr and exit the program."""
-    error(msg, *args)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-
-class ProgressIndicator(object):
-
-    """Simple progress indicator.
-
-    Displayed as a spinning character by default, but can be customized
-    by passing custom messages that overrides the spinning character.
-
-    """
-
-    States = ("|", "/", "-", "\\")
-
-    def __init__ (self, prefix = "", f = sys.stdout):
-        """Create a new ProgressIndicator, bound to the given file object."""
-        self.n = 0  # Simple progress counter
-        self.f = f  # Progress is written to this file object
-        self.prev_len = 0  # Length of previous msg (to be overwritten)
-        self.prefix = prefix  # Prefix prepended to each progress message
-        self.prefix_lens = [] # Stack of prefix string lengths
-
-    def pushprefix (self, prefix):
-        """Append the given prefix onto the prefix stack."""
-        self.prefix_lens.append(len(self.prefix))
-        self.prefix += prefix
-
-    def popprefix (self):
-        """Remove the last prefix from the prefix stack."""
-        prev_len = self.prefix_lens.pop()
-        self.prefix = self.prefix[:prev_len]
-
-    def __call__ (self, msg = None, lf = False):
-        """Indicate progress, possibly with a custom message."""
-        if msg is None:
-            msg = self.States[self.n % len(self.States)]
-        msg = self.prefix + msg
-        print >> self.f, "\r%-*s" % (self.prev_len, msg),
-        self.prev_len = len(msg.expandtabs())
-        if lf:
-            print >> self.f
-            self.prev_len = 0
-        self.n += 1
-
-    def finish (self, msg = "done", noprefix = False):
-        """Finalize progress indication with the given message."""
-        if noprefix:
-            self.prefix = ""
-        self(msg, True)
-
-
-def start_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                   stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
-                   stderr = subprocess.PIPE):
-    """Start the given command, and return a subprocess object.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    """
-    env = None
-    if add_env is not None:
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        env.update(add_env)
-    return subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize = 1, stdin = stdin, stdout = stdout,
-                            stderr = stderr, cwd = cwd, shell = shell,
-                            env = env, universal_newlines = True)
-
-
-def run_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                 flag_error = True):
-    """Run the given command to completion, and return its results.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    The results are formatted as a 3-tuple: (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-    If flag_error is enabled, Error messages will be produced if the
-    subprocess terminated with a non-zero exit code and/or stderr
-    output.
-
-    The other arguments are passed on to start_command().
-
-    """
-    process = start_command(args, cwd, shell, add_env)
-    (output, errors) = process.communicate()
-    exit_code = process.returncode
-    if flag_error and errors:
-        error("'%s' returned errors:\n---\n%s---", " ".join(args), errors)
-    if flag_error and exit_code:
-        error("'%s' returned exit code %i", " ".join(args), exit_code)
-    return (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete, then
-    return the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    return subprocess.Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete.  If
-    the exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
-    CalledProcessError.  The CalledProcessError object will have the
-    return code in the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    check_call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return 0
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
-
-    If the exit code was non-zero it raises a CalledProcessError.  The
-    CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode
-    attribute and output in the output attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    >>> check_output(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"])
-    'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18  2007 /dev/null\n'
-
-    The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
-    To capture standard error in the result, use stderr=STDOUT.
-
-    >>> check_output(["/bin/sh", "-c",
-    ...               "ls -l non_existent_file ; exit 0"],
-    ...              stderr=STDOUT)
-    'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
-    """
-    if 'stdout' in kwargs:
-        raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
-    process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
-    output, unused_err = process.communicate()
-    retcode = process.poll()
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return output
-
-
-def file_reader_method (missing_ok = False):
-    """Decorator for simplifying reading of files.
-
-    If missing_ok is True, a failure to open a file for reading will
-    not raise the usual IOError, but instead the wrapped method will be
-    called with f == None.  The method must in this case properly
-    handle f == None.
-
-    """
-    def _wrap (method):
-        """Teach given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-        The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-        (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator
-        will take a filename given as the second argument and promote
-        it to a file object.
-
-        """
-        def _wrapped_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-            if isinstance(filename, file):
-                f = filename
-            else:
-                try:
-                    f = open(filename, 'r')
-                except IOError:
-                    if missing_ok:
-                        f = None
-                    else:
-                        raise
-            try:
-                return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-            finally:
-                if not isinstance(filename, file) and f:
-                    f.close()
-        return _wrapped_method
-    return _wrap
-
-
-def file_writer_method (method):
-    """Decorator for simplifying writing of files.
-
-    Enables the given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-    The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-    (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator will
-    take a filename given as the second argument and promote it to a
-    file object.
-
-    """
-    def _new_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(filename, file):
-            f = filename
-        else:
-            # Make sure the containing directory exists
-            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(filename)
-            if not os.path.isdir(parent_dir):
-                os.makedirs(parent_dir)
-            f = open(filename, 'w')
-        try:
-            return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-        finally:
-            if not isinstance(filename, file):
-                f.close()
-    return _new_method
diff --git a/gitk-git/.gitignore b/gitk-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ebcaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/GIT-TCLTK-VARS
+/gitk-wish
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
index e1b6045..5acdc90 100644
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+TRACK_TCLTK = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+
+GIT-TCLTK-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_TCLTK)'; \
+		if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+			echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+			echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+		fi
+
 ## po-file creation rules
 XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
 ifdef NO_MSGFMT
@@ -49,9 +59,9 @@
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
 
 clean::
-	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 
-gitk-wish: gitk
+gitk-wish: gitk GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -65,3 +75,5 @@
 	@echo Generating catalog $@
 	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
 
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean update-po
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index d93bd99..5cd00d8 100755
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -1998,6 +1998,9 @@
     return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
 }
 
+proc cleardropsel {w} {
+    $w selection clear
+}
 proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
     global use_ttk
     if {$use_ttk} {
@@ -2007,7 +2010,9 @@
             if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
         }
 	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
-		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args \
+		    -exportselection false]
+	bind $gm <<ComboboxSelected>> [list $gm selection clear]
     } else {
 	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
     }
@@ -2026,6 +2031,9 @@
     global highlight_files gdttype
     global searchstring sstring
     global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
     global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
@@ -2161,7 +2169,7 @@
     trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
     pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
 
-    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+    set bm_left_data {
 	#define left_width 16
 	#define left_height 16
 	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
@@ -2169,7 +2177,7 @@
 	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
 	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+    set bm_right_data {
 	#define right_width 16
 	#define right_height 16
 	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
@@ -2177,11 +2185,24 @@
 	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
 	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-left-gray -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right-gray -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -command goback -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image [list bm-left disabled bm-left-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image bm-left
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -command goforw -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image [list bm-right disabled bm-right-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image bm-right
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
 
     ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
@@ -2232,7 +2253,8 @@
     set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
 		[mc "containing:"] \
 		[mc "touching paths:"] \
-		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"] \
+		[mc "changing lines matching:"]]
     trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
     pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
 
@@ -2336,31 +2358,33 @@
     lappend fglist $ctext
 
     $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
-    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -fore $filesepfgcolor -back $filesepbgcolor
     $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
     $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
     $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
-    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
-    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
-    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
-    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
-    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
-    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
-    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
-    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
-    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
-    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
-    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
-    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
-    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
-    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
-    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 3]
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 4]
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 5]
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 6]
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 7]
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 8]
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 9]
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 10]
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 11]
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 12]
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 13]
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 14]
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 15]
     $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
     set mergemax 16
     $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
     $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
-    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+    $ctext tag conf found -back $foundbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf currentsearchhit -back $currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf wwrap -wrap word
 
     .pwbottom add .bleft
     if {!$use_ttk} {
@@ -2495,10 +2519,9 @@
     bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
     bindkey f nextfile
     bind . <F5> updatecommits
-    bind . <Shift-F5> reloadcommits
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 5 reloadcommits
     bind . <F2> showrefs
-    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
-    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 4 {newview 0}
     bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
     bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
     bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
@@ -2523,6 +2546,7 @@
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
+    bind $ctext <<Selection>> rehighlight_search_results
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -2544,6 +2568,7 @@
 	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
 	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
 	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
+	{mc "Revert this commit" command revert}
     }
     $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2646,6 +2671,11 @@
     }
 }
 
+proc bindmodfunctionkey {mod n script} {
+    bind . <$mod-F$n> $script
+    catch { bind . <$mod-XF86_Switch_VT_$n> $script }
+}
+
 # set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
 # the entry widgets
 proc click {w} {
@@ -2701,8 +2731,16 @@
     global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
     global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
     global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global linkfgcolor circleoutlinecolor
     global autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
-    global hideremotes want_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk maxrefs
 
     if {$stuffsaved} return
     if {![winfo viewable .]} return
@@ -2724,6 +2762,7 @@
 	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
 	puts $f [list set autosellen $autosellen]
 	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
+	puts $f [list set maxrefs $maxrefs]
 	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
 	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
 	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
@@ -2732,13 +2771,37 @@
 	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
 	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgcolor $uifgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set uifgdisabledcolor $uifgdisabledcolor]
 	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
 	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
+	puts $f [list set mergecolors $mergecolors]
 	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
 	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set foundbgcolor $foundbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set currentsearchhitbgcolor $currentsearchhitbgcolor]
 	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
 	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+	puts $f [list set headbgcolor $headbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headfgcolor $headfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set headoutlinecolor $headoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set remotebgcolor $remotebgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagbgcolor $tagbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagfgcolor $tagfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set tagoutlinecolor $tagoutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set reflinecolor $reflinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepbgcolor $filesepbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set filesepfgcolor $filesepfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverbgcolor $linehoverbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoverfgcolor $linehoverfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set linehoveroutlinecolor $linehoveroutlinecolor]
+	puts $f [list set mainheadcirclecolor $mainheadcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set workingfilescirclecolor $workingfilescirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set indexcirclecolor $indexcirclecolor]
+	puts $f [list set circlecolors $circlecolors]
+	puts $f [list set linkfgcolor $linkfgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set circleoutlinecolor $circleoutlinecolor]
 
 	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
@@ -3309,6 +3372,7 @@
     } else {
 	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
     }
+    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
 }
 
 proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
@@ -4595,6 +4659,8 @@
 	set gdtargs [concat -- $relative_paths]
     } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
 	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "changing lines matching:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-G$highlight_files"]
     } else {
 	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
 	return
@@ -5903,15 +5969,17 @@
     global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
     global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
     global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global circleoutlinecolor
 
     # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
     set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
     if {$id eq $nullid} {
-	set ofill red
+	set ofill $workingfilescirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
-	set ofill green
+	set ofill $indexcirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
     }
@@ -5921,21 +5989,21 @@
     if {$listed <= 2} {
 	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } elseif {$listed == 3} {
 	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } else {
 	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     }
     set circleitem($row) $t
     $canv raise $t
@@ -6323,6 +6391,9 @@
     global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
     global linespc lthickness
     global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor
 
     set marks {}
     set ntags 0
@@ -6360,7 +6431,7 @@
 	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
     }
     set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
-	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+	       -width $lthickness -fill $reflinecolor -tags tag.$id]
     $canv lower $t
     foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
 	set tag_quoted [string map {% %%} $tag]
@@ -6371,13 +6442,14 @@
 	    # draw a tag
 	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
 		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
-		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
+		       -width 1 -outline $tagoutlinecolor -fill $tagbgcolor \
+		       -tags tag.$id]
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
 	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
 	} else {
 	    # draw a head or other ref
 	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
-		set col green
+		set col $headbgcolor
 		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
 		    set font mainfontbold
 		}
@@ -6393,10 +6465,10 @@
 		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
 		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
 		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
-			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+			-width 0 -fill $remotebgcolor -tags tag.$id
 	    }
 	}
-	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $headfgcolor \
 		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
 	if {$ntags >= 0} {
 	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
@@ -6777,6 +6849,7 @@
 
 proc setlink {id lk} {
     global curview ctext pendinglinks
+    global linkfgcolor
 
     if {[string range $id 0 1] eq "-g"} {
       set id [string range $id 2 end]
@@ -6794,7 +6867,7 @@
 	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
     }
     if {$known} {
-	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground $linkfgcolor -underline 1
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
@@ -6857,7 +6930,7 @@
 # add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
 # returns the number of names inserted
 proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
-    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs mainheadid
 
     if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
 	return 0
@@ -6870,24 +6943,54 @@
 	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
 	}
     }
+
+    set sep {}
+    set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+    set nutags 0
+
     if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
-	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
-    } else {
-	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
-	set sep {}
-	foreach ti $tags {
-	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
-	    set lk link$linknum
-	    incr linknum
-	    $ctext tag delete $lk
-	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
-	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
-	    setlink $id $lk
-	    set sep ", "
+	# If we are displaying heads, and there are too many,
+	# see if there are some important heads to display.
+	# Currently this means "master" and the current head.
+	set itags {}
+	if {$var eq "idheads"} {
+	    set utags {}
+	    foreach ti $tags {
+		set hname [lindex $ti 0]
+		set id [lindex $ti 1]
+		if {($hname eq "master" || $id eq $mainheadid) &&
+		    [llength $itags] < $maxrefs} {
+		    lappend itags $ti
+		} else {
+		    lappend utags $ti
+		}
+	    }
+	    set tags $utags
 	}
+	if {$itags ne {}} {
+	    set str [mc "and many more"]
+	    set sep " "
+	} else {
+	    set str [mc "many"]
+	}
+	$ctext insert $pos "$str ([llength $tags])"
+	set nutags [llength $tags]
+	set tags $itags
     }
+
+    foreach ti $tags {
+	set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	set lk link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+	$ctext tag delete $lk
+	$ctext insert $pos $sep
+	$ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	setlink $id $lk
+	set sep ", "
+    }
+    $ctext tag add wwrap "$pos linestart" "$pos lineend"
     $ctext conf -state disabled
-    return [llength $tags]
+    return [expr {[llength $tags] + $nutags}]
 }
 
 # called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
@@ -7519,9 +7622,13 @@
 }
 
 proc gettreediffs {ids} {
-    global treediff treepending
+    global treediff treepending limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 
-    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}]
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	    set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open $cmd r]}]} return
 
     set treepending $ids
     set treediff {}
@@ -7565,17 +7672,7 @@
 	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
     }
     close $gdtf
-    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
-	set flist {}
-	foreach f $treediff {
-	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
-		lappend flist $f
-	    }
-	}
-	set treediffs($ids) $flist
-    } else {
-	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
-    }
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
     unset treepending
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
 	gettree $diffids
@@ -7947,32 +8044,45 @@
     $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
 }
 
-proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
-    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+proc highlightfile {cline} {
+    global cflist cflist_top
 
-    $ctext yview $loc
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
+
     $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
     $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
     $cflist see $cline.0
     set cflist_top $cline
 }
 
+proc highlightfile_for_scrollpos {topidx} {
+    global cmitmode difffilestart
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists difffilestart]} return
+
+    set top [lindex [split $topidx .] 0]
+    if {$difffilestart eq {} || $top < [lindex $difffilestart 0]} {
+	highlightfile 0
+    } else {
+	highlightfile [expr {[bsearch $difffilestart $top] + 2}]
+    }
+}
+
 proc prevfile {} {
     global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set prev 0.0
-    set prevline 1
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    $ctext yview $prev
 	    return
 	}
 	set prev $loc
-	incr prevline
     }
-    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+    $ctext yview $prev
 }
 
 proc nextfile {} {
@@ -7980,11 +8090,9 @@
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
-    set line 1
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
-	incr line
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    $ctext yview $loc
 	    return
 	}
     }
@@ -8030,7 +8138,6 @@
 proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
     global ctext searchstring searchdirn
 
-    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
     if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
 	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
 	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
@@ -8043,12 +8150,17 @@
 	}
     }
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
-	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	set here [$ctext search -count mlen $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
 	if {$here ne {}} {
 	    $ctext see $here
+	    set mend "$here + $mlen c"
+	    $ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	    $ctext tag add sel $here $mend
+	    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	    highlightfile_for_scrollpos $here
 	}
-	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
+    rehighlight_search_results
 }
 
 proc dosearch {} {
@@ -8071,9 +8183,12 @@
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
     }
 }
 
@@ -8097,21 +8212,41 @@
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $ml c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
+    }
+}
+
+proc rehighlight_search_results {} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext tag remove currentsearchhit 1.0 end
+
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
 }
 
 proc searchmark {first last} {
     global ctext searchstring
 
+    set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+
     set mend $first.0
     while {1} {
 	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
 	if {$match eq {}} break
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
-	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	if {$sel ne {} && [$ctext compare $match == [lindex $sel 0]]} {
+	    $ctext tag add currentsearchhit $match $mend
+	} else {
+	    $ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -8137,8 +8272,23 @@
     }
 }
 
+proc suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos {} {
+    global ctext suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]
+}
+
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
-    global searchstring
+    global searchstring cmitmode ctext
+    global suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set topidx [$ctext index @0,0]
+    if {![info exists suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos]
+	|| $topidx ne $suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos} {
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $topidx
+    }
+
+    catch {unset suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos}
 
     .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
@@ -8354,6 +8504,8 @@
 proc linehover {} {
     global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
     global canv linespc lthickness
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor
+
     global commitinfo
 
     set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
@@ -8367,10 +8519,11 @@
     set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
-	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+	       -fill $linehoverbgcolor -outline $linehoveroutlinecolor \
+	       -width 1 -tags hover]
     $canv raise $t
     set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
-	       -font mainfont]
+	       -font mainfont -fill $linehoverfgcolor]
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
@@ -8934,12 +9087,13 @@
 proc redrawtags {id} {
     global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
     global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor
 
     if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
     if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
     set row [rowofcommit $id]
     if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
     }
@@ -9196,6 +9350,67 @@
     notbusy cherrypick
 }
 
+proc revert {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+    global gitdir
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if { $dheads eq {} || [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] == -1 } {
+       set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is not\
+           included in branch %s -- really revert it?" \
+                      [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+       if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy revert [mc "Reverting"]
+    update
+
+    if [catch {exec git revert --no-edit $rowmenuid} err] {
+        notbusy revert
+        if [regexp {files would be overwritten by merge:(\n(( |\t)+[^\n]+\n)+)}\
+                $err match files] {
+            regsub {\n( |\t)+} $files "\n" files
+            error_popup [mc "Revert failed because of local changes to\
+                the following files:%s Please commit, reset or stash \
+                your changes and try again." $files]
+        } elseif [regexp {error: could not revert} $err] {
+            if [confirm_popup [mc "Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n\
+                Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"]] {
+                # Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+                file delete [file join $gitdir "GITGUI_MSG"]
+                exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+            }
+        } else { error_popup $err }
+        run updatecommits
+        return
+    }
+
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if { $newhead eq $oldhead } {
+        notbusy revert
+        error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+        return
+    }
+
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+
+    if [commitinview $oldhead $curview] {
+        # XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+        insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+        if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+            movehead $newhead $mainhead
+            movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+        }
+        set mainheadid $newhead
+        redrawtags $oldhead
+        redrawtags $newhead
+        selbyid $newhead
+    }
+
+    notbusy revert
+}
+
 proc resethead {} {
     global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
 
@@ -10509,13 +10724,13 @@
 # including id itself if it has a head.
 proc descheads {id} {
     global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
-    global allparents
+    global allparents arcout
 
     if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
 	return {}
     }
     set aret {}
-    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	# part-way along an arc; check it first
 	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
 	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
@@ -10675,7 +10890,7 @@
     set linknum 0
     if {![info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
 	catch {
-           set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
+           set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file -p $tag]
 	}
     }
     if {[info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
@@ -10864,7 +11079,7 @@
 proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
     global NS maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges
     global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs
-    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk maxrefs
 
     set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.general]
 
@@ -10893,9 +11108,12 @@
     ${NS}::label $page.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
     spinbox $page.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
     grid x $page.tabstopl $page.tabstop -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags/heads"] \
 	-variable showneartags
     grid x $page.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxrefsl -text [mc "Maximum # tags/heads to show"]
+    spinbox $page.maxrefs -from 1 -to 1000 -width 4 -textvariable maxrefs
+    grid x $page.maxrefsl $page.maxrefs -sticky w
     ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
 	-variable limitdiffs
     grid x $page.ldiff -sticky w
@@ -11533,6 +11751,15 @@
     exit 1
 }
 
+# on OSX bring the current Wish process window to front
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    exec osascript -e [format {
+        tell application "System Events"
+            set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+        end tell
+    } [pid] ]
+}
+
 # Unset GIT_TRACE var if set
 if { [info exists ::env(GIT_TRACE)] } {
     unset ::env(GIT_TRACE)
@@ -11620,22 +11847,47 @@
 set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
     set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set uifgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set uifgdisabledcolor SystemDisabledText
     set bgcolor SystemWindow
-    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set fgcolor SystemWindowText
     set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
 } else {
     set uicolor grey85
+    set uifgcolor black
+    set uifgdisabledcolor "#999"
     set bgcolor white
     set fgcolor black
     set selectbgcolor gray85
 }
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
+set mergecolors {red blue green purple brown "#009090" magenta "#808000" "#009000" "#ff0080" cyan "#b07070" "#70b0f0" "#70f0b0" "#f0b070" "#ff70b0"}
 set ignorespace 0
 set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
+set headbgcolor green
+set headfgcolor black
+set headoutlinecolor black
+set remotebgcolor #ffddaa
+set tagbgcolor yellow
+set tagfgcolor black
+set tagoutlinecolor black
+set reflinecolor black
+set filesepbgcolor #aaaaaa
+set filesepfgcolor black
+set linehoverbgcolor #ffff80
+set linehoverfgcolor black
+set linehoveroutlinecolor black
+set mainheadcirclecolor yellow
+set workingfilescirclecolor red
+set indexcirclecolor green
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+set linkfgcolor blue
+set circleoutlinecolor $fgcolor
+set foundbgcolor yellow
+set currentsearchhitbgcolor orange
 
 # button for popping up context menus
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 2f07a2e..df95e01 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,40 +1,50 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-05-16 08:06+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-16 08:12+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:210 gitk:2334
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Färga ord"
+
+#: gitk:215 gitk:2334 gitk:7977 gitk:8010
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Märk upp ord"
+
+#: gitk:312
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:368
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:381
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:384
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,605 +52,625 @@
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:406 gitk:554
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:424 gitk:570
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:484 gitk:4409
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:487 gitk:1625 gitk:4412
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1499
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1719
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:1876
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1911 gitk:4202 gitk:9437 gitk:10979 gitk:11258
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1913 gitk:4204 gitk:8964 gitk:9043 gitk:9159 gitk:9208 gitk:9439
+#: gitk:10980 gitk:11259
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2048
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1981
+#: gitk:2049
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ladda om"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2050
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Läs om referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2051
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2053
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Starta git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2055
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2047
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2059
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2058
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1995
+#: gitk:2063
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
+#: gitk:2064
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
+#: gitk:2065
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1999
+#: gitk:2067
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+#: gitk:2062 gitk:3955
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Visa"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+#: gitk:2072 gitk:2082 gitk:2925
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+#: gitk:2073 gitk:2087
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+#: gitk:2071 gitk:2086
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2164 gitk:8420
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2208
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2246
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2166
+#: gitk:2247
 msgid "next"
 msgstr "nästa"
 
-#: gitk:2167
+#: gitk:2248
 msgid "prev"
 msgstr "föreg"
 
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2249
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2252 gitk:2254 gitk:4570 gitk:4593 gitk:4617 gitk:6592 gitk:6664
+#: gitk:6749
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2255 gitk:3437 gitk:3442 gitk:4646
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2256 gitk:4660
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2257 gitk:4662
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "ändrar rader som matchar:"
+
+#: gitk:2266 gitk:2268 gitk:4649
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4737 gitk:6560
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2268 gitk:4619 gitk:4735 gitk:6556
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2270 gitk:2271 gitk:4757 gitk:4787 gitk:4794 gitk:6685 gitk:6753
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2271 gitk:4754 gitk:4787 gitk:6623
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:6753 gitk:7221
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:4759 gitk:4794 gitk:6623 gitk:7156 gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8613
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2272 gitk:4754 gitk:6623 gitk:7158
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2303
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2311
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2313
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2315
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2317
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2327
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:2333 gitk:7735 gitk:7963
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Rad-diff"
+
+#: gitk:2397
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2399
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2557 gitk:2577
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2558 gitk:2578
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2559 gitk:2579
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2560 gitk:9022
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2561 gitk:9139
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2562 gitk:9196
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2563
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2564
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2565
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2566
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2567
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2568
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2569 gitk:2580
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2570 gitk:2581
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad incheckning -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2571
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ångra denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2587
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2588
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2595
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2596
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2597
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2598
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2605
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2606
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2789
+#: gitk:2927
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:2935 gitk:3000 gitk:9623
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:2956
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:2959
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:2961
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:2962
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:2963
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:2964
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGå till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGå en incheckning upp"
+#: gitk:2965
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, k\tGå en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGå en incheckning ned"
+#: gitk:2966
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, j\tGå en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+#: gitk:2967
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, h\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:2968
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:2969
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGå upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:2970
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGå ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:2971
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:2972
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:2973
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:2974
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:2975
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:2976
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:2977
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:2978
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:2979
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:2980
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:2981
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:2982
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:2983
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:2984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:2985
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:2986
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:2987
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:2988
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:2989
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:2990
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:2991
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:2992
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:2993
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:2994
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:2995
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:2996
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3451 gitk:3460
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3473
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3536
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3685
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3699
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3730
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3738
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3763
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3766 gitk:6591
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3798
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3826
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3840
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:3958
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:3962
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:3963
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:3964
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:3965
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:3966
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:3967
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:3968
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:3969
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:3970
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:3971
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:3972
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:3973
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:3974
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:3975
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:3976
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:3977
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:3978
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -648,201 +678,201 @@
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:3979
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:3980
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:3981
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:3982
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:3983
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:3984
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:3985
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:3986
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:3987
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:3988
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:3989
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:3990
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:3991
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4115
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4123
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4128
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4203
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4241
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4294 gitk:4346 gitk:4807 gitk:4821 gitk:6087 gitk:12041 gitk:12042
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Skapat datum"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:4904 gitk:4909
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:4905
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:4912 gitk:4917
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:4913
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5203
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5239
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:6971
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "med många flera"
+
+#: gitk:6974
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7160
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7177 gitk:7183 gitk:8593
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7188
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7197
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7200
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7203
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7742
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8418
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gå till:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8439
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8446
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8456
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8458
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8600 gitk:8615
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8603
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8666
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8668
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:8773 gitk:8779
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:8788 gitk:8793
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:8789 gitk:8794
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:8799 gitk:8802 gitk:8810 gitk:8824 gitk:8833
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:8803
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +880,7 @@
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:8811
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +888,7 @@
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:8813
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,131 +896,131 @@
 "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:8825 gitk:8834
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:8853
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:8859
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:8905
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:8906
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:8911
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:8935
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:8937
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:8946
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:8955
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:8957 gitk:9153
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:8963
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9001
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9024 gitk:9141 gitk:9198
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9033
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9036
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9038
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9042 gitk:9207
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9060
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9064
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9074
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9158
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9203
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9226
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9231
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9298
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9303
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9312
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -1000,7 +1030,7 @@
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9318
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1008,32 +1038,59 @@
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9334 gitk:9392
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9361
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s finns inte på grenen %s -- vill du verkligen ångra?"
+
+#: gitk:9366
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Ångrar"
+
+#: gitk:9374
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av lokala ändringar i följande filer:%s. "
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:9378
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+" Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9421
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9423
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9425
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9428
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9431
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9434
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1041,19 +1098,19 @@
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9451
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9511
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9564
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9570
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1062,16 +1119,16 @@
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9601
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9616
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:9912
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1079,206 +1136,223 @@
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:10899
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:10948
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:10965
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:10968
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11086
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11089
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
+#: gitk:11092
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11095
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+#: gitk:11098
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 (längd) automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11108
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+#: gitk:11111
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar/huvuden"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11114
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximalt antal taggar/huvuden att visa"
+
+#: gitk:11117
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11120
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11126 gitk:11273
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11127
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11132
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11135
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11137
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11139
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11150
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11153
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11154
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11157
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11158 gitk:11188
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11161
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11162
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11165
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11166
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11170
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11171
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11175
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11177
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11181
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11183
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11187
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11196
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11198
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11199
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11200
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11222
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11231
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allmänt"
+
+#: gitk:11232
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Färger"
+
+#: gitk:11233
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:11283
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:11937
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:11984
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:11996
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
+#: gitk:12099
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandorad"
 
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
+
 #~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
 #~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
 
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
index 6d45406..408f285 100644
--- a/gitweb/INSTALL
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -243,14 +243,11 @@
   GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
   through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
 
-  Note that if per-instance configuration file exists, then system-wide
-  configuration is _not used at all_.  This is quite untypical and suprising
-  behavior.  On the other hand changing current behavior would break backwards
-  compatibility and can lead to unexpected changes in gitweb behavior.
-  Therefore gitweb also looks for common system-wide configuration file,
-  normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf (set during build time using build time
-  configuration variable GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON, set it at runtime using
-  environment variable with the same name).  Settings from per-instance or
+  Note that the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM system-wide configuration file is
+  only used for instances that lack per-instance configuration file.
+  You can use GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON common system-wide configuration
+  file (normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf) to keep common default
+  settings that apply to all instances.  Settings from per-instance or
   system-wide configuration file override those from common system-wide
   configuration file.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 6da4778..471dcfb 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GIT web Interface
 =================
 
-The one working on:
-  http://git.kernel.org/
-
 From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
 
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index e8812fa..68c77f6 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@
 # string of the home link on top of all pages
 our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";
 
+# extra breadcrumbs preceding the home link
+our @extra_breadcrumbs = ();
+
 # name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
 # replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
 our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
@@ -540,7 +543,7 @@
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
 	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'override'} = 1;
-	# and in project config gitweb.remote_heads = 0|1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.remoteheads = 0|1;
 	'remote_heads' => {
 		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('remote_heads', @_) },
 		'override' => 0,
@@ -683,7 +686,7 @@
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON++";
 
-	# Protect agains duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
+	# Protect against duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
 	# Only one of $GITWEB_CONFIG and $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is used, so
 	# there possibility of duplication of filename there doesn't matter.
 	$GITWEB_CONFIG = ""        if ($GITWEB_CONFIG eq $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON);
@@ -1086,7 +1089,7 @@
 	our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
 
 	our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
-	our $search_regexp;
+	our $search_regexp = undef;
 	if (defined $searchtext) {
 		if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
 			die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
@@ -1136,7 +1139,7 @@
 
 	# to avoid infinite loop where error occurs in die_error,
 	# change handler to default handler, disabling handle_errors_html
-	set_message("Error occured when inside die_error:\n$msg");
+	set_message("Error occurred when inside die_error:\n$msg");
 
 	# you cannot jump out of die_error when called as error handler;
 	# the subroutine set via CGI::Carp::set_message is called _after_
@@ -1556,7 +1559,7 @@
 	return undef unless defined $str;
 
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
-	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|($1 =~ /[\t\n\r]/ ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(index("\t\n\r", $1) != -1 ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
 	return $str;
 }
 
@@ -2068,7 +2071,7 @@
 	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
 		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
 		$avatar_cache{$email} =
-			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"//www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
 			"$domain/$user/" .
 			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
 	}
@@ -2083,7 +2086,7 @@
 	my $email = lc shift;
 	my $size = shift;
 	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
-		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+		"//www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
 			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
 	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
 }
@@ -2696,12 +2699,15 @@
 	# only subsection, if exists, is case sensitive,
 	# and not lowercased by 'git config -z -l'
 	if (my ($hi, $mi, $lo) = ($key =~ /^([^.]*)\.(.*)\.([^.]*)$/)) {
+		$lo =~ s/_//g;
 		$key = join(".", lc($hi), $mi, lc($lo));
+		return if ($lo =~ /\W/ || $hi =~ /\W/);
 	} else {
 		$key = lc($key);
+		$key =~ s/_//g;
+		return if ($key =~ /\W/);
 	}
 	$key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
-	return if ($key =~ m/\W/);
 
 	# type sanity check
 	if (defined $type) {
@@ -3979,7 +3985,9 @@
 sub print_nav_breadcrumbs {
 	my %opts = @_;
 
-	print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
+	for my $crumb (@extra_breadcrumbs, [ $home_link_str => $home_link ]) {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($crumb->[1])}, $crumb->[0]) . " / ";
+	}
 	if (defined $project) {
 		my @dirname = split '/', $project;
 		my $projectbasename = pop @dirname;
@@ -4027,8 +4035,8 @@
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
 	      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
 	                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
-	      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
-	      " search:\n",
+	      " " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help"),
+			     -title => "search help" }, "?") . " search:\n",
 	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext, -override => 1) . "\n" .
 	      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
 	      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
@@ -5525,23 +5533,30 @@
 
 sub sort_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, $order) = @_;
-	my @projects;
 
-	my %order_info = (
-		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
-		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
-		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
-		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
-	);
-	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
-	return @$projlist unless defined $oi;
-	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
-	} else {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
+	sub order_str {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} };
 	}
 
-	return @projects;
+	sub order_num_then_undef {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub {
+			defined $a->{$key} ?
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? $a->{$key} <=> $b->{$key} : -1) :
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? 1 : 0)
+		};
+	}
+
+	my %orderings = (
+		project => order_str('path'),
+		descr => order_str('descr_long'),
+		owner => order_str('owner'),
+		age => order_num_then_undef('age'),
+	);
+
+	my $ordering = $orderings{$order};
+	return defined $ordering ? sort $ordering @$projlist : @$projlist;
 }
 
 # returns a hash of categories, containing the list of project
@@ -6453,7 +6468,7 @@
 	print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
 	print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
 	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n";
-        unless ($omit_owner) {
+        if ($owner and not $omit_owner) {
 	        print  "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
         }
 	if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
@@ -6616,6 +6631,7 @@
 			$hash_base, '--', $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --porcelain failed");
 	}
+	binmode $fd, ':utf8';
 
 	# incremental blame data returns early
 	if ($format eq 'data') {
@@ -7475,7 +7491,7 @@
 		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
 			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
 
-		# here errors should not hapen
+		# here errors should not happen
 		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
 		my $line = <$fd>;
diff --git a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
index cb86d2d..3b4d833 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
+++ b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@
 }
 
 div.page_footer {
-	height: 17px;
+	height: 22px;
 	padding: 4px 8px;
 	background-color: #d9d8d1;
 }
 
 div.page_footer_text {
+	line-height: 22px;
 	float: left;
 	color: #555555;
 	font-style: italic;
@@ -548,8 +549,7 @@
 
 a.rss_logo {
 	float: right;
-	padding: 3px 0px;
-	width: 35px;
+	padding: 3px 5px;
 	line-height: 10px;
 	border: 1px solid;
 	border-color: #fcc7a5 #7d3302 #3e1a01 #ff954e;
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 0863c61..8b0e874 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -96,45 +96,59 @@
 /*
  * Run "gpg" to see if the payload matches the detached signature.
  * gpg_output, when set, receives the diagnostic output from GPG.
+ * gpg_status, when set, receives the status output from GPG.
  */
 int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size,
 			 const char *signature, size_t signature_size,
-			 struct strbuf *gpg_output)
+			 struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status)
 {
 	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
+	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--status-fd=1", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	int fd, ret;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf *pbuf = &buf;
 
 	args_gpg[0] = gpg_program;
 	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("could not create temporary file '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0)
-		return error("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	close(fd);
 
 	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
 	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
 	gpg.in = -1;
+	gpg.out = -1;
 	if (gpg_output)
 		gpg.err = -1;
-	args_gpg[2] = path;
+	args_gpg[3] = path;
 	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
 		unlink(path);
-		return error("could not run gpg.");
+		return error(_("could not run gpg."));
 	}
 
 	write_in_full(gpg.in, payload, payload_size);
 	close(gpg.in);
 
-	if (gpg_output)
+	if (gpg_output) {
 		strbuf_read(gpg_output, gpg.err, 0);
+		close(gpg.err);
+	}
+	if (gpg_status)
+		pbuf = gpg_status;
+	strbuf_read(pbuf, gpg.out, 0);
+	close(gpg.out);
+
 	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(path);
 
+	ret |= !strstr(pbuf->buf, "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG ");
+	strbuf_release(&buf); /* no matter it was used or not */
+
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index b9c3608..a85cb5b 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 #ifndef GPG_INTERFACE_H
 #define GPG_INTERFACE_H
 
+struct signature_check {
+	char *gpg_output;
+	char *gpg_status;
+	char result; /* 0 (not checked),
+		      * N (checked but no further result),
+		      * U (untrusted good),
+		      * G (good)
+		      * B (bad) */
+	char *signer;
+	char *key;
+};
+
 extern int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key);
-extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output);
+extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status);
 extern int git_gpg_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern void set_signing_key(const char *);
 extern const char *get_signing_key(void);
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index e864fe2..6404331 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -8,34 +8,6 @@
 /* Internal API */
 
 /*
- * Output the next line for a graph.
- * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
- * terminated with a newline.
- *
- * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
- * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
- * graph_update() is called.
- */
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
-
-/*
- * Set up a custom scheme for column colors.
- *
- * The default column color scheme inserts ANSI color escapes to colorize
- * the graph. The various color escapes are stored in an array of strings
- * where each entry corresponds to a color, except for the last entry,
- * which denotes the escape for resetting the color back to the default.
- * When generating the graph, strings from this array are inserted before
- * and after the various column characters.
- *
- * This function allows you to enable a custom array of color escapes.
- * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
- *
- * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
- */
-static void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
-
-/*
  * Output a padding line in the graph.
  * This is similar to graph_next_line().  However, it is guaranteed to
  * never print the current commit line.  Instead, if the commit line is
@@ -90,7 +62,7 @@
 static const char **column_colors;
 static unsigned short column_colors_max;
 
-static void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
 {
 	column_colors = colors;
 	column_colors_max = colors_max;
@@ -829,10 +801,10 @@
 	int num_dashes =
 		((graph->num_parents - dashless_commits) * 2) - 1;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_dashes; i++) {
-		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 		strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '-');
 	}
-	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 	strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '.');
 	return num_dashes + 1;
 }
@@ -1144,7 +1116,7 @@
 		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
 }
 
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	switch (graph->state) {
 	case GRAPH_PADDING:
@@ -1227,7 +1199,17 @@
 	if (!graph)
 		return;
 
-	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+	/*
+	 * When showing a diff of a merge against each of its parents, we
+	 * are called once for each parent without graph_update having been
+	 * called.  In this case, simply output a single padding line.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		graph_show_padding(graph);
+		shown_commit_line = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line && !graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
 		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
 		if (!shown_commit_line)
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index 19b0f66..0be62bd 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@
 /* A graph is a pointer to this opaque structure */
 struct git_graph;
 
+/*
+ * Set up a custom scheme for column colors.
+ *
+ * The default column color scheme inserts ANSI color escapes to colorize
+ * the graph. The various color escapes are stored in an array of strings
+ * where each entry corresponds to a color, except for the last entry,
+ * which denotes the escape for resetting the color back to the default.
+ * When generating the graph, strings from this array are inserted before
+ * and after the various column characters.
+ *
+ * This function allows you to enable a custom array of color escapes.
+ * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
+ *
+ * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to use HTML for colors.
+ */
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
 
 /*
  * Create a new struct git_graph.
@@ -33,6 +52,20 @@
  */
 int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
 
+/*
+ * Output the next line for a graph.
+ * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
+ * terminated with a newline.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
+ * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
+ * graph_update() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to wrap HTML around graph lines.
+ */
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
+
 
 /*
  * graph_show_*: helper functions for printing to stdout
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 4bd1b8b..c668034 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
 
 static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
 static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
@@ -625,7 +627,8 @@
 	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
 			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
-		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+		if (p->field < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN ||
+		    GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
 			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
 		compile_regexp(p, opt);
 	}
@@ -1321,6 +1324,58 @@
 	fwrite(buf, size, 1, stdout);
 }
 
+static int fill_textconv_grep(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
+			      struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *df;
+	char *buf;
+	size_t size;
+
+	if (!driver || !driver->textconv)
+		return grep_source_load(gs);
+
+	/*
+	 * The textconv interface is intimately tied to diff_filespecs, so we
+	 * have to pretend to be one. If we could unify the grep_source
+	 * and diff_filespec structs, this mess could just go away.
+	 */
+	df = alloc_filespec(gs->path);
+	switch (gs->type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		fill_filespec(df, gs->identifier, 1, 0100644);
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+		fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, 0100644);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: attempt to textconv something without a path?");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * fill_textconv is not remotely thread-safe; it may load objects
+	 * behind the scenes, and it modifies the global diff tempfile
+	 * structure.
+	 */
+	grep_read_lock();
+	size = fill_textconv(driver, df, &buf);
+	grep_read_unlock();
+	free_filespec(df);
+
+	/*
+	 * The normal fill_textconv usage by the diff machinery would just keep
+	 * the textconv'd buf separate from the diff_filespec. But much of the
+	 * grep code passes around a grep_source and assumes that its "buf"
+	 * pointer is the beginning of the thing we are searching. So let's
+	 * install our textconv'd version into the grep_source, taking care not
+	 * to leak any existing buffer.
+	 */
+	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
+	gs->buf = buf;
+	gs->size = size;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int collect_hits)
 {
 	char *bol;
@@ -1331,6 +1386,7 @@
 	unsigned count = 0;
 	int try_lookahead = 0;
 	int show_function = 0;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	enum grep_context ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD;
 	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
@@ -1352,19 +1408,36 @@
 	}
 	opt->last_shown = 0;
 
-	switch (opt->binary) {
-	case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
-		if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
-			binary_match_only = 1;
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
-		if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
-			return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
-		break;
-	default:
-		die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+	if (opt->allow_textconv) {
+		grep_source_load_driver(gs);
+		/*
+		 * We might set up the shared textconv cache data here, which
+		 * is not thread-safe.
+		 */
+		grep_attr_lock();
+		textconv = userdiff_get_textconv(gs->driver);
+		grep_attr_unlock();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We know the result of a textconv is text, so we only have to care
+	 * about binary handling if we are not using it.
+	 */
+	if (!textconv) {
+		switch (opt->binary) {
+		case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				binary_match_only = 1;
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+		}
 	}
 
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
@@ -1372,7 +1445,7 @@
 
 	try_lookahead = should_lookahead(opt);
 
-	if (grep_source_load(gs) < 0)
+	if (fill_textconv_grep(textconv, gs) < 0)
 		return 0;
 
 	bol = gs->buf;
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index 8fc854f..eaaced1 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 };
 
 enum grep_header_field {
-	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN,
 	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
 	GREP_HEADER_REFLOG,
 
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@
 #define GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH	1
 #define GREP_BINARY_TEXT	2
 	int binary;
+	int allow_textconv;
 	int extended;
 	int use_reflog_filter;
 	int pcre;
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
index b875ce6..1d43ac0 100644
--- a/hash.h
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -40,4 +40,11 @@
 	table->array = NULL;
 }
 
+static inline void preallocate_hash(struct hash_table *table, unsigned int elts)
+{
+	assert(table->size == 0 && table->nr == 0 && table->array == NULL);
+	table->size = elts * 2;
+	table->array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), table->size);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 2a42ec6..f068925 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
 {
@@ -106,10 +107,7 @@
 	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 		return 0;
 
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) == 0)
-#endif
+#if defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 {	/* cannot trust the executable bit, peek into the file instead */
 	char buf[3] = { 0 };
 	int n;
@@ -223,6 +221,23 @@
 	}
 }
 
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
+	}
+}
+
 int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -380,6 +395,59 @@
 
 int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	/*
+	 * The format of this string should be kept stable for compatibility
+	 * with external projects that rely on the output of "git version".
+	 */
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+struct similar_ref_cb {
+	const char *base_ref;
+	struct string_list *similar_refs;
+};
+
+static int append_similar_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb *cb = (struct similar_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
+	char *branch = strrchr(refname, '/') + 1;
+	/* A remote branch of the same name is deemed similar */
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/") &&
+	    !strcmp(branch, cb->base_ref))
+		string_list_append(cb->similar_refs,
+				   refname + strlen("refs/remotes/"));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct string_list guess_refs(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb ref_cb;
+	struct string_list similar_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	ref_cb.base_ref = ref;
+	ref_cb.similar_refs = &similar_refs;
+	for_each_ref(append_similar_ref, &ref_cb);
+	return similar_refs;
+}
+
+void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list suggested_refs = guess_refs(ref);
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s: %s - %s"), cmd, ref, error);
+
+	if (suggested_refs.nr > 0) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			      suggested_refs.nr));
+		for (i = 0; i < suggested_refs.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", suggested_refs.items[i].string);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&suggested_refs, 0);
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index 0ae5a12..b21d7c9 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -27,4 +27,9 @@
 extern int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name);
 extern void list_commands(unsigned int colopts, struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
 
+/*
+ * call this to die(), when it is suspected that the user mistyped a
+ * ref to the command, to give suggested "correct" refs.
+ */
+extern void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error);
 #endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index f50e77f..8c464bd 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
 
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 static void end_headers(void)
 {
-	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+	write_or_die(1, "\r\n", 2);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
 	hdr_str(content_type, type);
 	end_headers();
-	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
-		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, n);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	free(buf);
@@ -361,17 +361,19 @@
 static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	const char *name_nons = strip_namespace(name);
 	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		return 0;
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name_nons);
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
 		if (!o)
 			return 0;
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1),
+			    name_nons);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -402,12 +404,40 @@
 
 	} else {
 		select_getanyfile();
-		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
 		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int show_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		unsigned char unused[20];
+		const char *target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, unused, 1, NULL);
+		const char *target_nons = strip_namespace(target);
+
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "ref: %s\n", target_nons);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_head(char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	head_ref_namespaced(show_head_ref, &buf);
+	send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
 {
 	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
@@ -520,7 +550,7 @@
 	const char *pattern;
 	void (*imp)(char *);
 } services[] = {
-	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_head},
 	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
@@ -564,9 +594,11 @@
 
 			if (strcmp(method, c->method)) {
 				const char *proto = getenv("SERVER_PROTOCOL");
-				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1"))
+				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1")) {
 					http_status(405, "Method Not Allowed");
-				else
+					hdr_str("Allow", !strcmp(c->method, "GET") ?
+						"GET, HEAD" : c->method);
+				} else
 					http_status(400, "Bad Request");
 				hdr_nocache();
 				end_headers();
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index 8701c12..34cb70f 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
+#ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+#include <xmlparse.h>
+#else
 #include <expat.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char http_push_usage[] =
 "git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
@@ -172,28 +176,7 @@
 static char *xml_entities(const char *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	while (*s) {
-		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
-		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
-		s += len;
-		switch (*s) {
-		case '"':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
-			break;
-		case '<':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
-			break;
-		case '>':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
-			break;
-		case '&':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-		}
-		s++;
-	}
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, s);
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -680,7 +663,7 @@
 
 static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
 {
-	struct transfer_request *request = request_queue_head;
+	struct transfer_request *request;
 	struct packed_git *target;
 
 	/* Keep locks active */
@@ -1347,8 +1330,7 @@
 			break;
 		}
 
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -1560,7 +1542,7 @@
 
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, NULL)) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		ret = 1;
 		break;
@@ -1568,7 +1550,7 @@
 		ret = 0;
 		break;
 	case HTTP_ERROR:
-		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+		error("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	default:
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -1584,7 +1566,7 @@
 	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
 	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, NULL) != HTTP_OK)
 		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
 		    curl_errorstr);
 	free(url);
@@ -1993,7 +1975,7 @@
 		pushing = 0;
 		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 			die("revision walk setup failed");
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, NULL);
 		objects_to_send = get_delta(&revs, ref_lock);
 		finish_all_active_slots();
 
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index f9a9de1..bcf54aa 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 int active_requests;
 int http_is_verbose;
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@
 char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
 static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static int curl_ssl_try;
 static const char *ssl_cert;
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
 static const char *ssl_key;
@@ -43,7 +46,8 @@
 static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
 static const char *curl_http_proxy;
 static const char *curl_cookie_file;
-static struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+static int curl_save_cookies;
+struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int http_proactive_auth;
 static const char *user_agent;
 
@@ -158,8 +162,11 @@
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcainfo", var))
 		return git_config_string(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcertpasswordprotected", var)) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+		ssl_cert_password_required = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.ssltry", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
@@ -194,6 +201,10 @@
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.cookiefile", var))
 		return git_config_string(&curl_cookie_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.savecookies", var)) {
+		curl_save_cookies = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.postbuffer", var)) {
 		http_post_buffer = git_config_int(var, value);
@@ -222,9 +233,15 @@
 #else
 	{
 		static struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_reset(&up);
-		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
-			    http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
+		/*
+		 * Note that we assume we only ever have a single set of
+		 * credentials in a given program run, so we do not have
+		 * to worry about updating this buffer, only setting its
+		 * initial value.
+		 */
+		if (!up.len)
+			strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
+				http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, up.buf);
 	}
 #endif
@@ -236,12 +253,49 @@
 		return 0;
 	if (!cert_auth.password) {
 		cert_auth.protocol = xstrdup("cert");
+		cert_auth.username = xstrdup("");
 		cert_auth.path = xstrdup(ssl_cert);
 		credential_fill(&cert_auth);
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071900
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE, 1);
+}
+
+#elif LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071000
+static int sockopt_callback(void *client, curl_socket_t fd, curlsocktype type)
+{
+	int ka = 1;
+	int rc;
+	socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof(ka);
+
+	if (type != CURLSOCKTYPE_IPCXN)
+		return 0;
+
+	rc = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&ka, len);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		warning("unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket %s",
+			strerror(errno));
+
+	return 0; /* CURL_SOCKOPT_OK only exists since curl 7.21.5 */
+}
+
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_SOCKOPTFUNCTION, sockopt_callback);
+}
+
+#else
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	/* not supported on older curl versions */
+}
+#endif
+
 static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 {
 	CURL *result = curl_easy_init();
@@ -280,7 +334,6 @@
 #endif
 	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
@@ -305,11 +358,18 @@
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
 
+#ifdef CURLOPT_USE_SSL
+	if (curl_ssl_try)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+#endif
+
 	if (curl_http_proxy) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
 	}
 
+	set_curl_keepalive(result);
+
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -324,10 +384,20 @@
 {
 	char *low_speed_limit;
 	char *low_speed_time;
+	char *normalized_url;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+
+	config.section = "http";
+	config.key = NULL;
+	config.collect_fn = http_options;
+	config.cascade_fn = git_default_config;
+	config.cb = NULL;
 
 	http_is_verbose = 0;
+	normalized_url = url_normalize(url, &config.url);
 
-	git_config(http_options, NULL);
+	git_config(urlmatch_config_entry, &config);
+	free(normalized_url);
 
 	curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
 
@@ -496,6 +566,8 @@
 	slot->callback_data = NULL;
 	slot->callback_func = NULL;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, curl_cookie_file);
+	if (curl_save_cookies)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, curl_cookie_file);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, pragma_header);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errorstr);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, NULL);
@@ -504,6 +576,7 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 	if (http_auth.password)
 		init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 
@@ -757,9 +830,27 @@
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-int handle_curl_result(struct active_request_slot *slot,
-		       struct slot_results *results)
+int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
 {
+	/*
+	 * If we see a failing http code with CURLE_OK, we have turned off
+	 * FAILONERROR (to keep the server's custom error response), and should
+	 * translate the code into failure here.
+	 */
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK &&
+	    results->http_code >= 400) {
+		results->curl_result = CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
+		/*
+		 * Normally curl will already have put the "reason phrase"
+		 * from the server into curl_errorstr; unfortunately without
+		 * FAILONERROR it is lost, so we can give only the numeric
+		 * status code.
+		 */
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "The requested URL returned error: %ld",
+			 results->http_code);
+	}
+
 	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
 		credential_approve(&http_auth);
 		return HTTP_OK;
@@ -770,8 +861,6 @@
 			credential_reject(&http_auth);
 			return HTTP_NOAUTH;
 		} else {
-			credential_fill(&http_auth);
-			init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 			return HTTP_REAUTH;
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -785,11 +874,25 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static CURLcode curlinfo_strbuf(CURL *curl, CURLINFO info, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+	CURLcode ret;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	ret = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, info, &ptr);
+	if (!ret && ptr)
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, ptr);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /* http_request() targets */
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
 
-static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+static int http_request(const char *url,
+			void *result, int target,
+			const struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
@@ -822,8 +925,10 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
-	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
+	if (options && options->no_cache)
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+	if (options && options->keep_error)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0);
 
 	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
 
@@ -833,28 +938,119 @@
 
 	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
 		run_active_slot(slot);
-		ret = handle_curl_result(slot, &results);
+		ret = handle_curl_result(&results);
 	} else {
-		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "failed to start HTTP request");
 		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
 	}
 
+	if (options && options->content_type)
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE,
+				options->content_type);
+
+	if (options && options->effective_url)
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL,
+				options->effective_url);
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int http_request_reauth(const char *url, void *result, int target,
-			       int options)
+/*
+ * Update the "base" url to a more appropriate value, as deduced by
+ * redirects seen when requesting a URL starting with "url".
+ *
+ * The "asked" parameter is a URL that we asked curl to access, and must begin
+ * with "base".
+ *
+ * The "got" parameter is the URL that curl reported to us as where we ended
+ * up.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if we updated the base url, 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * Our basic strategy is to compare "base" and "asked" to find the bits
+ * specific to our request. We then strip those bits off of "got" to yield the
+ * new base. So for example, if our base is "http://example.com/foo.git",
+ * and we ask for "http://example.com/foo.git/info/refs", we might end up
+ * with "https://other.example.com/foo.git/info/refs". We would want the
+ * new URL to become "https://other.example.com/foo.git".
+ *
+ * Note that this assumes a sane redirect scheme. It's entirely possible
+ * in the example above to end up at a URL that does not even end in
+ * "info/refs".  In such a case we simply punt, as there is not much we can
+ * do (and such a scheme is unlikely to represent a real git repository,
+ * which means we are likely about to abort anyway).
+ */
+static int update_url_from_redirect(struct strbuf *base,
+				    const char *asked,
+				    const struct strbuf *got)
+{
+	const char *tail;
+	size_t tail_len;
+
+	if (!strcmp(asked, got->buf))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(asked, base->buf))
+		die("BUG: update_url_from_redirect: %s is not a superset of %s",
+		    asked, base->buf);
+
+	tail = asked + base->len;
+	tail_len = strlen(tail);
+
+	if (got->len < tail_len ||
+	    strcmp(tail, got->buf + got->len - tail_len))
+		return 0; /* insane redirect scheme */
+
+	strbuf_reset(base);
+	strbuf_add(base, got->buf, got->len - tail_len);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int http_request_reauth(const char *url,
+			       void *result, int target,
+			       struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret = http_request(url, result, target, options);
+
+	if (options && options->effective_url && options->base_url) {
+		if (update_url_from_redirect(options->base_url,
+					     url, options->effective_url)) {
+			credential_from_url(&http_auth, options->base_url->buf);
+			url = options->effective_url->buf;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (ret != HTTP_REAUTH)
 		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are using KEEP_ERROR, the previous request may have
+	 * put cruft into our output stream; we should clear it out before
+	 * making our next request. We only know how to do this for
+	 * the strbuf case, but that is enough to satisfy current callers.
+	 */
+	if (options && options->keep_error) {
+		switch (target) {
+		case HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF:
+			strbuf_reset(result);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: HTTP_KEEP_ERROR is only supported with strbufs");
+		}
+	}
+
+	credential_fill(&http_auth);
+
 	return http_request(url, result, target, options);
 }
 
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url,
+		    struct strbuf *result,
+		    struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	return http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
 }
@@ -865,7 +1061,8 @@
  * If a previous interrupted download is detected (i.e. a previous temporary
  * file is still around) the download is resumed.
  */
-static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
+static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename,
+			 struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct strbuf tmpfile = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -873,7 +1070,7 @@
 
 	strbuf_addf(&tmpfile, "%s.temp", filename);
 	result = fopen(tmpfile.buf, "a");
-	if (! result) {
+	if (!result) {
 		error("Unable to open local file %s", tmpfile.buf);
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 		goto cleanup;
@@ -882,30 +1079,24 @@
 	ret = http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
 	fclose(result);
 
-	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
+	if (ret == HTTP_OK && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 cleanup:
 	strbuf_release(&tmpfile);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
-{
-	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
-	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
-		error("%s while accessing %s", curl_errorstr, url);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	char *url;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = -1;
 
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+
 	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, &options) == HTTP_OK) {
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
 		if (buffer.len == 40)
 			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
@@ -936,7 +1127,7 @@
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.temp", sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 	tmp = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, 0) != HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, NULL) != HTTP_OK) {
 		error("Unable to get pack index %s", url);
 		free(tmp);
 		tmp = NULL;
@@ -989,6 +1180,7 @@
 
 int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	int ret = 0, i = 0;
 	char *url, *data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -998,7 +1190,8 @@
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
 	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, &options);
 	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
 		goto cleanup;
 
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
index 0bd1e84..12ca5c8 100644
--- a/http.h
+++ b/http.h
@@ -42,6 +42,15 @@
 #define NO_CURL_IOCTL
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * CURLOPT_USE_SSL was known as CURLOPT_FTP_SSL up to 7.16.4,
+ * and the constants were known as CURLFTPSSL_*
+*/
+#if !defined(CURLOPT_USE_SSL) && defined(CURLOPT_FTP_SSL)
+#define CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
+#define CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLFTPSSL_TRY
+#endif
+
 struct slot_results {
 	CURLcode curl_result;
 	long http_code;
@@ -78,8 +87,7 @@
 extern void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_all_active_slots(void);
-extern int handle_curl_result(struct active_request_slot *slot,
-			      struct slot_results *results);
+extern int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results);
 
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 extern void fill_active_slots(void);
@@ -94,6 +102,7 @@
 extern int active_requests;
 extern int http_is_verbose;
 extern size_t http_post_buffer;
+extern struct credential http_auth;
 
 extern char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
@@ -117,10 +126,30 @@
 extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 				   int only_two_digit_prefix);
 
-/* Options for http_request_*() */
-#define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+/* Options for http_get_*() */
+struct http_get_options {
+	unsigned no_cache:1,
+		 keep_error:1;
 
-/* Return values for http_request_*() */
+	/* If non-NULL, returns the content-type of the response. */
+	struct strbuf *content_type;
+
+	/*
+	 * If non-NULL, returns the URL we ended up at, including any
+	 * redirects we followed.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *effective_url;
+
+	/*
+	 * If both base_url and effective_url are non-NULL, the base URL will
+	 * be munged to reflect any redirections going from the requested url
+	 * to effective_url. See the definition of update_url_from_redirect
+	 * for details.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *base_url;
+};
+
+/* Return values for http_get_*() */
 #define HTTP_OK			0
 #define HTTP_MISSING_TARGET	1
 #define HTTP_ERROR		2
@@ -133,13 +162,7 @@
  *
  * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
  */
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
-
-/*
- * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
- * and returns ret.
- */
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, struct http_get_options *options);
 
 extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
 
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index a4bf206..1d9b6e7 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
 static struct strbuf git_default_name = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strbuf git_default_email = STRBUF_INIT;
 static char git_default_date[50];
-int user_ident_explicitly_given;
+
+#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
+#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
+#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
+static int committer_ident_explicitly_given;
+static int author_ident_explicitly_given;
 
 #ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
 #define get_gecos(ignored) "&"
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@
 static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	FILE *mailname;
+	struct strbuf mailnamebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	mailname = fopen("/etc/mailname", "r");
 	if (!mailname) {
@@ -49,14 +55,17 @@
 				strerror(errno));
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (strbuf_getline(buf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(&mailnamebuf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
 		if (ferror(mailname))
 			warning("cannot read /etc/mailname: %s",
 				strerror(errno));
+		strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 		fclose(mailname);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	/* success! */
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &mailnamebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 	fclose(mailname);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -109,7 +118,8 @@
 
 		if (email && email[0]) {
 			strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, email);
-			user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 		} else
 			copy_email(xgetpwuid_self(), &git_default_email);
 		strbuf_trim(&git_default_email);
@@ -223,7 +233,21 @@
 	if (!split->mail_end)
 		return status;
 
-	for (cp = split->mail_end + 1; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
+	/*
+	 * Look from the end-of-line to find the trailing ">" of the mail
+	 * address, even though we should already know it as split->mail_end.
+	 * This can help in cases of broken idents with an extra ">" somewhere
+	 * in the email address.  Note that we are assuming the timestamp will
+	 * never have a ">" in it.
+	 *
+	 * Note that we will always find some ">" before going off the front of
+	 * the string, because will always hit the split->mail_end closing
+	 * bracket.
+	 */
+	for (cp = line + len - 1; *cp != '>'; cp--)
+		;
+
+	for (cp = cp + 1; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
 		;
 	if (line + len <= cp)
 		goto person_only;
@@ -327,6 +351,10 @@
 
 const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 {
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"),
@@ -336,16 +364,16 @@
 const char *git_committer_info(int flag)
 {
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"),
 			 flag);
 }
 
-int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+static int ident_is_sufficient(int user_ident_explicitly_given)
 {
 #ifndef WINDOWS
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN);
@@ -354,6 +382,16 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(committer_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(author_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
 int git_ident_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
@@ -361,7 +399,8 @@
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		strbuf_reset(&git_default_name);
 		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_name, value);
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -370,9 +409,39 @@
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		strbuf_reset(&git_default_email);
 		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, value);
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
+
+static int buf_cmp(const char *a_begin, const char *a_end,
+		   const char *b_begin, const char *b_end)
+{
+	int a_len = a_end - a_begin;
+	int b_len = b_end - b_begin;
+	int min = a_len < b_len ? a_len : b_len;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(a_begin, b_begin, min);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return a_len - b_len;
+}
+
+int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *a,
+	      const struct ident_split *b)
+{
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = buf_cmp(a->mail_begin, a->mail_end,
+		      b->mail_begin, b->mail_end);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return buf_cmp(a->name_begin, a->name_end,
+		       b->name_begin, b->name_end);
+}
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index d42e471..6f5cc4f 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -28,52 +28,8 @@
 #include "prompt.h"
 #ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 typedef void *SSL;
-#else
-#include <openssl/evp.h>
-#include <openssl/hmac.h>
 #endif
 
-struct store_conf {
-	char *name;
-	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
-	char *map_inbox;
-	char *trash;
-	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
-	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
-};
-
-/* For message->status */
-#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
-#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
-#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
-
-struct message {
-	struct message *next;
-	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
-	int uid;
-	unsigned char flags, status;
-};
-
-struct store {
-	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
-
-	/* currently open mailbox */
-	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
-	char *path; /* own */
-	struct message *msgs; /* own */
-	int uidvalidity;
-	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
-	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
-	int count; /* # of messages */
-	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
-};
-
-struct msg_data {
-	char *data;
-	int len;
-	unsigned char flags;
-};
-
 static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
 
 #undef DRV_OK
@@ -91,8 +47,6 @@
 
 static char *next_arg(char **);
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
 
@@ -136,20 +90,6 @@
 	NULL,	/* auth_method */
 };
 
-struct imap_store_conf {
-	struct store_conf gen;
-	struct imap_server_conf *server;
-};
-
-#define NIL	(void *)0x1
-#define LIST	(void *)0x2
-
-struct imap_list {
-	struct imap_list *next, *child;
-	char *val;
-	int len;
-};
-
 struct imap_socket {
 	int fd[2];
 	SSL *ssl;
@@ -166,7 +106,6 @@
 
 struct imap {
 	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
-	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
 	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
 	/* command queue */
 	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
@@ -175,11 +114,11 @@
 };
 
 struct imap_store {
-	struct store gen;
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
 	int uidvalidity;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	const char *prefix;
-	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd_cb {
@@ -226,14 +165,6 @@
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
 
 
-static const char *Flags[] = {
-	"Draft",
-	"Flagged",
-	"Answered",
-	"Seen",
-	"Deleted",
-};
-
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
 {
@@ -266,12 +197,64 @@
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
 {
-#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
 	return -1;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int host_matches(const char *host, const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '.') {
+		pattern += 2;
+		if (!(host = strchr(host, '.')))
+			return 0;
+		host++;
+	}
+
+	return *host && *pattern && !strcasecmp(host, pattern);
+}
+
+static int verify_hostname(X509 *cert, const char *hostname)
+{
+	int len;
+	X509_NAME *subj;
+	char cname[1000];
+	int i, found;
+	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *subj_alt_names;
+
+	/* try the DNS subjectAltNames */
+	found = 0;
+	if ((subj_alt_names = X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, NULL, NULL))) {
+		int num_subj_alt_names = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subj_alt_names);
+		for (i = 0; !found && i < num_subj_alt_names; i++) {
+			GENERAL_NAME *subj_alt_name = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subj_alt_names, i);
+			if (subj_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS &&
+			    strlen((const char *)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data) == (size_t)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->length &&
+			    host_matches(hostname, (const char *)(subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data)))
+				found = 1;
+		}
+		sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subj_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+	}
+	if (found)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* try the common name */
+	if (!(subj = X509_get_subject_name(cert)))
+		return error("cannot get certificate subject");
+	if ((len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subj, NID_commonName, cname, sizeof(cname))) < 0)
+		return error("cannot get certificate common name");
+	if (strlen(cname) == (size_t)len && host_matches(hostname, cname))
+		return 0;
+	return error("certificate owner '%s' does not match hostname '%s'",
+		     cname, hostname);
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
 	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
 #else
@@ -279,6 +262,7 @@
 #endif
 	SSL_CTX *ctx;
 	int ret;
+	X509 *cert;
 
 	SSL_library_init();
 	SSL_load_error_strings();
@@ -316,15 +300,35 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
+	/*
+	 * SNI (RFC4366)
+	 * OpenSSL does not document this function, but the implementation
+	 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure after calling SSLerr().
+	 */
+	ret = SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(sock->ssl, server.host);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		warning("SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(%s) failed.", server.host);
+#endif
+
 	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
 	if (ret <= 0) {
 		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (verify) {
+		/* make sure the hostname matches that of the certificate */
+		cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(sock->ssl);
+		if (!cert)
+			return error("unable to get peer certificate.");
+		if (verify_hostname(cert, server.host) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
 {
@@ -477,16 +481,6 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
-{
-	struct message *tmsg;
-
-	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
-		tmsg = msgs->next;
-		free(msgs);
-	}
-}
-
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -614,35 +608,9 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
+static int skip_imap_list_l(char **sp, int level)
 {
-	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
-}
-
-static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val == LIST;
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	struct imap_list *tmp;
-
-	for (; list; list = tmp) {
-		tmp = list->next;
-		if (is_list(list))
-			free_list(list->child);
-		else if (is_atom(list))
-			free(list->val);
-		free(list);
-	}
-}
-
-static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
-{
-	struct imap_list *cur;
-	char *s = *sp, *p;
-	int n, bytes;
+	char *s = *sp;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
@@ -651,68 +619,23 @@
 			s++;
 			break;
 		}
-		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
-		curp = &cur->next;
-		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
 		if (*s == '(') {
 			/* sublist */
 			s++;
-			cur->val = LIST;
-			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
-				goto bail;
-		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
-			/* literal */
-			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
-			if (*s != '}')
-				goto bail;
-
-			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
-
-			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
-			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
-
-			if (n > bytes)
-				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
-				n = bytes;
-
-			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
-			s += n;
-			bytes -= n;
-
-			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
-			imap->buf.offset += n;
-
-			/* now read the rest of the message */
-			while (bytes > 0) {
-				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
-					goto bail;
-				s += n;
-				bytes -= n;
-			}
-
-			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+			if (skip_imap_list_l(&s, level + 1))
 				goto bail;
 		} else if (*s == '"') {
 			/* quoted string */
 			s++;
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
 				if (!*s)
 					goto bail;
-			cur->len = s - p;
 			s++;
-			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		} else {
 			/* atom */
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
 				if (level && *s == ')')
 					break;
-			cur->len = s - p;
-			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
-				cur->val = NIL;
-			else
-				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		}
 
 		if (!level)
@@ -721,27 +644,15 @@
 			goto bail;
 	}
 	*sp = s;
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return 0;
 
 bail:
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
+static void skip_list(char **sp)
 {
-	struct imap_list *head;
-
-	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
-		return head;
-	free_list(head);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
-{
-	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+	skip_imap_list_l(sp, 0);
 }
 
 static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
@@ -773,7 +684,7 @@
 	*p++ = 0;
 	arg = next_arg(&s);
 	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
 		}
@@ -791,7 +702,7 @@
 		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
 		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
 	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
 		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
@@ -820,20 +731,28 @@
 			}
 
 			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
-				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+				/* rfc2342 NAMESPACE response. */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Personal mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Others' mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Shared mailboxes */
 			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
 				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
 				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
 					return resp;
-			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
 				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
-			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
-				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
-				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				; /*
+				   * Unhandled response-data with at least two words.
+				   * Ignore it.
+				   *
+				   * NEEDSWORK: Previously this case handled '<num> EXISTS'
+				   * and '<num> RECENT' but as a probably-unintended side
+				   * effect it ignores other unrecognized two-word
+				   * responses.  imap-send doesn't ever try to read
+				   * messages or mailboxes these days, so consider
+				   * eliminating this case.
+				   */
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
 				return RESP_BAD;
@@ -935,16 +854,12 @@
 		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
 		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
 	}
-	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
-	free_list(imap->ns_other);
-	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
 	free(imap);
 }
 
-static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+static void imap_close_store(struct imap_store *ctx)
 {
-	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
-	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	imap_close_server(ctx);
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -1029,7 +944,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+static struct imap_store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 {
 	struct imap_store *ctx;
 	struct imap *imap;
@@ -1239,173 +1154,113 @@
 	} /* !preauth */
 
 	ctx->prefix = "";
-	ctx->trashnc = 1;
-	return (struct store *)ctx;
+	return ctx;
 
 bail:
-	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
-{
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned i, d;
-
-	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
-		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
-			buf[d++] = ' ';
-			buf[d++] = '\\';
-			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
-				buf[d++] = *s;
-		}
-	buf[0] = '(';
-	buf[d++] = ')';
-	return d;
-}
-
-static void lf_to_crlf(struct msg_data *msg)
+/*
+ * Insert CR characters as necessary in *msg to ensure that every LF
+ * character in *msg is preceded by a CR.
+ */
+static void lf_to_crlf(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	char *new;
-	int i, j, lfnum = 0;
+	size_t i, j;
+	char lastc;
 
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n')
-		lfnum++;
-	for (i = 1; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r' && msg->data[i] == '\n')
-			lfnum++;
+	/* First pass: tally, in j, the size of the new string: */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
+			j++; /* a CR will need to be added here */
+		lastc = msg->buf[i];
+		j++;
 	}
 
-	new = xmalloc(msg->len + lfnum);
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n') {
-		new[0] = '\r';
-		new[1] = '\n';
-		i = 1;
-		j = 2;
-	} else {
-		new[0] = msg->data[0];
-		i = 1;
-		j = 1;
-	}
-	for ( ; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i] != '\n') {
-			new[j++] = msg->data[i];
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r')
+	new = xmalloc(j + 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass: write the new string.  Note that this loop is
+	 * otherwise identical to the first pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
 			new[j++] = '\r';
-		/* otherwise it already had CR before */
-		new[j++] = '\n';
+		lastc = new[j++] = msg->buf[i];
 	}
-	msg->len += lfnum;
-	free(msg->data);
-	msg->data = new;
+	strbuf_attach(msg, new, j, j + 1);
 }
 
-static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+/*
+ * Store msg to IMAP.  Also detach and free the data from msg->data,
+ * leaving msg->data empty.
+ */
+static int imap_store_msg(struct imap_store *ctx, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
 	const char *prefix, *box;
-	int ret, d;
-	char flagstr[128];
+	int ret;
 
-	lf_to_crlf(data);
+	lf_to_crlf(msg);
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.dlen = data->len;
-	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
-	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
+	cb.dlen = msg->len;
+	cb.data = strbuf_detach(msg, NULL);
 
-	d = 0;
-	if (data->flags) {
-		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
-		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
-	}
-	flagstr[d] = 0;
-
-	box = gctx->name;
+	box = ctx->name;
 	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
 	cb.create = 0;
-	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" ", prefix, box);
 	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
 	if (ret != DRV_OK)
 		return ret;
-	gctx->count++;
 
 	return DRV_OK;
 }
 
-static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
-		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
-	}
-}
-static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+static void wrap_in_html(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines;
-	struct strbuf **p;
 	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
 	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
 	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
-	int added_header = 0;
+	const char *body = strstr(msg->buf, "\n\n");
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
-		if (! added_header) {
-			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
-				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
-				added_header = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			encode_html_chars(*p);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-	}
+	if (!body)
+		return; /* Headers but no body; no wrapping needed */
+
+	body += 2;
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, msg->buf, body - msg->buf - 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, body);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(msg);
+	*msg = buf;
 }
 
 #define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
 
-static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
-
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+		if (strbuf_fread(all_msgs, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
 			break;
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	return msg->len;
+	return ferror(f) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+static int count_messages(struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
 	int count = 0;
-	char *p = msg->data;
+	char *p = all_msgs->buf;
 
 	while (1) {
 		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
@@ -1426,34 +1281,39 @@
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+/*
+ * Copy the next message from all_msgs, starting at offset *ofs, to
+ * msg.  Update *ofs to the start of the following message.  Return
+ * true iff a message was successfully copied.
+ */
+static int split_msg(struct strbuf *all_msgs, struct strbuf *msg, int *ofs)
 {
 	char *p, *data;
+	size_t len;
 
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
 	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
 		return 0;
 
-	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
-	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+	data = &all_msgs->buf[*ofs];
+	len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
 
-	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+	if (len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
 		return 0;
 
 	p = strchr(data, '\n');
 	if (p) {
-		p = &p[1];
-		msg->len -= p-data;
-		*ofs += p-data;
+		p++;
+		len -= p - data;
+		*ofs += p - data;
 		data = p;
 	}
 
 	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
 	if (p)
-		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+		len = &p[1] - data;
 
-	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
-	*ofs += msg->len;
+	strbuf_add(msg, data, len);
+	*ofs += len;
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1504,8 +1364,9 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
-	struct store *ctx = NULL;
+	struct strbuf all_msgs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct imap_store *ctx = NULL;
 	int ofs = 0;
 	int r;
 	int total, n = 0;
@@ -1537,7 +1398,12 @@
 	}
 
 	/* read the messages */
-	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+	if (read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error reading input\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (all_msgs.len == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1559,6 +1425,7 @@
 	ctx->name = imap_folder;
 	while (1) {
 		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+
 		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
 		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
 			break;
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 51b2ab6..a0f49b3 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
    The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
    or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */
 
-/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblence
+/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
    to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
    See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
    IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
   struct trie *fail;		/* Aho-Corasick failure function. */
   int depth;			/* Depth of this node from the root. */
   int shift;			/* Shift function for search failures. */
-  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendents. */
+  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendants. */
 };
 
 /* Structure returned opaquely to the caller, containing everything. */
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
   treefails(tree->rlink, fail, recourse);
 
   /* Find, in the chain of fails going back to the root, the first
-     node that has a descendent on the current label. */
+     node that has a descendant on the current label. */
   while (fail)
     {
       link = fail->links;
@@ -426,16 +426,16 @@
 	 computing the delta table, failure function, and shift function. */
       for (curr = last = kwset->trie; curr; curr = curr->next)
 	{
-	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendents in the level order queue. */
+	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendants in the level order queue. */
 	  enqueue(curr->links, &last);
 
 	  curr->shift = kwset->mind;
 	  curr->maxshift = kwset->mind;
 
-	  /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
+	  /* Update the delta table for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treedelta(curr->links, curr->depth, delta);
 
-	  /* Compute the failure function for the decendents of this node. */
+	  /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treefails(curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);
 
 	  /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
 		  fail->shift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
 
 	      /* If the current node is accepting then the shift at the
-		 fail and its descendents should be no larger than the
+		 fail and its descendants should be no larger than the
 		 difference of their depths. */
 	      if (curr->accepting && fail->maxshift > curr->depth - fail->depth)
 		fail->maxshift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
diff --git a/line-log.c b/line-log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..717638b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+
+static void range_set_grow(struct range_set *rs, size_t extra)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(rs->ranges, rs->nr + extra, rs->alloc);
+}
+
+/* Either initialization would be fine */
+#define RANGE_SET_INIT {0}
+
+void range_set_init(struct range_set *rs, size_t prealloc)
+{
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+	if (prealloc)
+		range_set_grow(rs, prealloc);
+}
+
+void range_set_release(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	free(rs->ranges);
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+}
+
+/* dst must be uninitialized! */
+static void range_set_copy(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_init(dst, src->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->ranges, src->ranges, src->nr*sizeof(struct range_set));
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+}
+static void range_set_move(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_release(dst);
+	dst->ranges = src->ranges;
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+	dst->alloc = src->alloc;
+	src->ranges = NULL;
+	src->alloc = src->nr = 0;
+}
+
+/* tack on a _new_ range _at the end_ */
+void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(a <= b);
+	range_set_grow(rs, 1);
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].start = a;
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].end = b;
+	rs->nr++;
+}
+
+void range_set_append(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(rs->nr == 0 || rs->ranges[rs->nr-1].end <= a);
+	range_set_append_unsafe(rs, a, b);
+}
+
+static int range_cmp(const void *_r, const void *_s)
+{
+	const struct range *r = _r;
+	const struct range *s = _s;
+
+	/* this could be simply 'return r.start-s.start', but for the types */
+	if (r->start == s->start)
+		return 0;
+	if (r->start < s->start)
+		return -1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the ranges are non-empty, sorted and non-overlapping
+ */
+static void range_set_check_invariants(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!rs)
+		return;
+
+	if (rs->nr)
+		assert(rs->ranges[0].start < rs->ranges[0].end);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		assert(rs->ranges[i-1].end < rs->ranges[i].start);
+		assert(rs->ranges[i].start < rs->ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to establish the invariants when we get the ranges from the user
+ */
+void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int o = 0; /* output cursor */
+
+	qsort(rs->ranges, rs->nr, sizeof(struct range), range_cmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		if (rs->ranges[i].start == rs->ranges[i].end)
+			continue;
+		if (o > 0 && rs->ranges[i].start <= rs->ranges[o-1].end) {
+			if (rs->ranges[o-1].end < rs->ranges[i].end)
+				rs->ranges[o-1].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+		} else {
+			rs->ranges[o].start = rs->ranges[i].start;
+			rs->ranges[o].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+			o++;
+		}
+	}
+	assert(o <= rs->nr);
+	rs->nr = o;
+
+	range_set_check_invariants(rs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Union of range sets (i.e., sets of line numbers).  Used to merge
+ * them when searches meet at a common ancestor.
+ *
+ * This is also where the ranges are consolidated into canonical form:
+ * overlapping and adjacent ranges are merged, and empty ranges are
+ * removed.
+ */
+static void range_set_union(struct range_set *out,
+			     struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0, o = 0;
+	struct range *ra = a->ranges;
+	struct range *rb = b->ranges;
+	/* cannot make an alias of out->ranges: it may change during grow */
+
+	assert(out->nr == 0);
+	while (i < a->nr || j < b->nr) {
+		struct range *new;
+		if (i < a->nr && j < b->nr) {
+			if (ra[i].start < rb[j].start)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else if (ra[i].start > rb[j].start)
+				new = &rb[j++];
+			else if (ra[i].end < rb[j].end)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else
+				new = &rb[j++];
+		} else if (i < a->nr)      /* b exhausted */
+			new = &ra[i++];
+		else                       /* a exhausted */
+			new = &rb[j++];
+		if (new->start == new->end)
+			; /* empty range */
+		else if (!o || out->ranges[o-1].end < new->start) {
+			range_set_grow(out, 1);
+			out->ranges[o].start = new->start;
+			out->ranges[o].end = new->end;
+			o++;
+		} else if (out->ranges[o-1].end < new->end) {
+			out->ranges[o-1].end = new->end;
+		}
+	}
+	out->nr = o;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Difference of range sets (out = a \ b).  Pass the "interesting"
+ * ranges as 'a' and the target side of the diff as 'b': it removes
+ * the ranges for which the commit is responsible.
+ */
+static void range_set_difference(struct range_set *out,
+				  struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i, j =  0;
+	for (i = 0; i < a->nr; i++) {
+		long start = a->ranges[i].start;
+		long end = a->ranges[i].end;
+		while (start < end) {
+			while (j < b->nr && start >= b->ranges[j].end)
+				/*
+				 * a:         |-------
+				 * b: ------|
+				 */
+				j++;
+			if (j >= b->nr || end < b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * b exhausted, or
+				 * a:  ----|
+				 * b:         |----
+				 */
+				range_set_append(out, start, end);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (start >= b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a:     |--????
+				 * b: |------|
+				 */
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			} else if (end > b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a: |-----|
+				 * b:    |--?????
+				 */
+				if (start < b->ranges[j].start)
+					range_set_append(out, start, b->ranges[j].start);
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_init(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_init(&diff->parent, 0);
+	range_set_init(&diff->target, 0);
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_release(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_release(&diff->parent);
+	range_set_release(&diff->target);
+}
+
+void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	range_set_init(&r->ranges, 0);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_clear(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	range_set_release(&r->ranges);
+	if (r->pair)
+		diff_free_filepair(r->pair);
+}
+
+static void free_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		struct line_log_data *next = r->next;
+		line_log_data_clear(r);
+		free(r);
+		r = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+search_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *list, const char *path,
+		     struct line_log_data **insertion_point)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *p = list;
+	if (insertion_point)
+		*insertion_point = NULL;
+	while (p) {
+		int cmp = strcmp(p->path, path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return p;
+		if (insertion_point && cmp < 0)
+			*insertion_point = p;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: takes ownership of 'path', which happens to be what the only
+ * caller needs.
+ */
+static void line_log_data_insert(struct line_log_data **list,
+				 char *path,
+				 long begin, long end)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ip;
+	struct line_log_data *p = search_line_log_data(*list, path, &ip);
+
+	if (p) {
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+		free(path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	p->path = path;
+	range_set_append(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+	if (ip) {
+		p->next = ip->next;
+		ip->next = p;
+	} else {
+		p->next = *list;
+		*list = p;
+	}
+}
+
+struct collect_diff_cbdata {
+	struct diff_ranges *diff;
+};
+
+static int collect_diff_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b,
+			   void *data)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata *d = data;
+
+	if (count_a >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->parent, start_a, start_a + count_a);
+	if (count_b >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->target, start_b, start_b + count_b);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void collect_diff(mmfile_t *parent, mmfile_t *target, struct diff_ranges *out)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata cbdata = {NULL};
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = xecfg.interhunkctxlen = 0;
+
+	cbdata.diff = out;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = collect_diff_cb;
+	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
+	ecb.priv = &cbdata;
+	xdi_diff(parent, target, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are handy for debugging.  Removing them with #if 0 silences
+ * the "unused function" warning.
+ */
+#if 0
+static void dump_range_set(struct range_set *rs, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("range set %s (%d items):\n", desc, rs->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++)
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\n", rs->ranges[i].start, rs->ranges[i].end);
+}
+
+static void dump_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	while (r) {
+		snprintf(buf, 4096, "file %s\n", r->path);
+		dump_range_set(&r->ranges, buf);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_ranges(struct diff_ranges *diff, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(diff->parent.nr == diff->target.nr);
+	printf("diff ranges %s (%d items):\n", desc, diff->parent.nr);
+	printf("\tparent\ttarget\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->parent.nr; i++) {
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\t[%ld,%ld]\n",
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].end,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static int ranges_overlap(struct range *a, struct range *b)
+{
+	return !(a->end <= b->start || b->end <= a->start);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, determine all hunks
+ * of the diff which touch (overlap) at least one of the interesting
+ * ranges in the target.
+ */
+static void diff_ranges_filter_touched(struct diff_ranges *out,
+				       struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				       struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+
+	assert(out->target.nr == 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->target.nr; i++) {
+		while (diff->target.ranges[i].start > rs->ranges[j].end) {
+			j++;
+			if (j == rs->nr)
+				return;
+		}
+		if (ranges_overlap(&diff->target.ranges[i], &rs->ranges[j])) {
+			range_set_append(&out->parent,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].end);
+			range_set_append(&out->target,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjust the line counts in 'rs' to account for the lines
+ * added/removed in the diff.
+ */
+static void range_set_shift_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				 struct range_set *rs,
+				 struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long offset = 0;
+	struct range *src = rs->ranges;
+	struct range *target = diff->target.ranges;
+	struct range *parent = diff->parent.ranges;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && src[i].start >= target[j].start) {
+			offset += (parent[j].end-parent[j].start)
+				- (target[j].end-target[j].start);
+			j++;
+		}
+		range_set_append(out, src[i].start+offset, src[i].end+offset);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, map the ranges
+ * across the diff.  That is: observe that the target commit takes
+ * blame for all the + (target-side) ranges.  So for every pair of
+ * ranges in the diff that was touched, we remove the latter and add
+ * its parent side.
+ */
+static void range_set_map_across_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				      struct range_set *rs,
+				      struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				      struct diff_ranges **touched_out)
+{
+	struct diff_ranges *touched = xmalloc(sizeof(*touched));
+	struct range_set tmp1 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+	struct range_set tmp2 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+
+	diff_ranges_init(touched);
+	diff_ranges_filter_touched(touched, diff, rs);
+	range_set_difference(&tmp1, rs, &touched->target);
+	range_set_shift_diff(&tmp2, &tmp1, diff);
+	range_set_union(out, &tmp2, &touched->parent);
+	range_set_release(&tmp1);
+	range_set_release(&tmp2);
+
+	*touched_out = touched;
+}
+
+static struct commit *check_single_commit(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *commit = NULL;
+	int found = -1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (commit)
+			die("More than one commit to dig from: %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    revs->pending.objects[found].name);
+		commit = obj;
+		found = i;
+	}
+
+	if (!commit)
+		die("No commit specified?");
+
+	return (struct commit *) commit;
+}
+
+static void fill_blob_sha1(struct commit *commit, struct diff_filespec *spec)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_tree_entry(commit->object.sha1, spec->path,
+			   sha1, &mode))
+		die("There is no path %s in the commit", spec->path);
+	fill_filespec(spec, sha1, 1, mode);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void fill_line_ends(struct diff_filespec *spec, long *lines,
+			   unsigned long **line_ends)
+{
+	int num = 0, size = 50;
+	long cur = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	char *data = NULL;
+
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(spec, 0))
+		die("Cannot read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+
+	ends = xmalloc(size * sizeof(*ends));
+	ends[cur++] = 0;
+	data = spec->data;
+	while (num < spec->size) {
+		if (data[num] == '\n' || num == spec->size - 1) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ends, (cur + 1), size);
+			ends[cur++] = num;
+		}
+		num++;
+	}
+
+	/* shrink the array to fit the elements */
+	ends = xrealloc(ends, cur * sizeof(*ends));
+	*lines = cur-1;
+	*line_ends = ends;
+}
+
+struct nth_line_cb {
+	struct diff_filespec *spec;
+	long lines;
+	unsigned long *line_ends;
+};
+
+static const char *nth_line(void *data, long line)
+{
+	struct nth_line_cb *d = data;
+	assert(d && line <= d->lines);
+	assert(d->spec && d->spec->data);
+
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)d->spec->data;
+	else
+		return (char *)d->spec->data + d->line_ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+parse_lines(struct commit *commit, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	long lines = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	struct nth_line_cb cb_data;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct line_log_data *ranges = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *p;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, args) {
+		const char *name_part, *range_part;
+		char *full_name;
+		struct diff_filespec *spec;
+		long begin = 0, end = 0;
+		long anchor;
+
+		name_part = skip_range_arg(item->string);
+		if (!name_part || *name_part != ':' || !name_part[1])
+			die("-L argument '%s' not of the form start,end:file",
+			    item->string);
+		range_part = xstrndup(item->string, name_part - item->string);
+		name_part++;
+
+		full_name = prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					name_part);
+
+		spec = alloc_filespec(full_name);
+		fill_blob_sha1(commit, spec);
+		fill_line_ends(spec, &lines, &ends);
+		cb_data.spec = spec;
+		cb_data.lines = lines;
+		cb_data.line_ends = ends;
+
+		p = search_line_log_data(ranges, full_name, NULL);
+		if (p && p->ranges.nr)
+			anchor = p->ranges.ranges[p->ranges.nr - 1].end + 1;
+		else
+			anchor = 1;
+
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_part, nth_line, &cb_data,
+				    lines, anchor, &begin, &end,
+				    full_name))
+			die("malformed -L argument '%s'", range_part);
+		if (lines < end || ((lines || begin) && lines < begin))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", name_part, lines);
+		if (begin < 1)
+			begin = 1;
+		if (end < 1)
+			end = lines;
+		begin--;
+		line_log_data_insert(&ranges, full_name, begin, end);
+
+		free_filespec(spec);
+		free(ends);
+		ends = NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (p = ranges; p; p = p->next)
+		sort_and_merge_range_set(&p->ranges);
+
+	return ranges;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_copy_one(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+	assert(r);
+	line_log_data_init(ret);
+	range_set_copy(&ret->ranges, &r->ranges);
+
+	ret->path = xstrdup(r->path);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+line_log_data_copy(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *tmp = NULL, *prev = NULL;
+
+	assert(r);
+	ret = tmp = prev = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+	r = r->next;
+	while (r) {
+		tmp = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+		prev->next = tmp;
+		prev = tmp;
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* merge two range sets across files */
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_merge(struct line_log_data *a,
+						 struct line_log_data *b)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *head = NULL, **pp = &head;
+
+	while (a || b) {
+		struct line_log_data *src;
+		struct line_log_data *src2 = NULL;
+		struct line_log_data *d;
+		int cmp;
+		if (!a)
+			cmp = 1;
+		else if (!b)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else
+			cmp = strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+		} else if (cmp == 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+			src2 = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		} else {
+			src = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		}
+		d = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+		line_log_data_init(d);
+		d->path = xstrdup(src->path);
+		*pp = d;
+		pp = &d->next;
+		if (src2)
+			range_set_union(&d->ranges, &src->ranges, &src2->ranges);
+		else
+			range_set_copy(&d->ranges, &src->ranges);
+	}
+
+	return head;
+}
+
+static void add_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+			   struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *old = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *new = NULL;
+
+	old = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (old && range) {
+		new = line_log_data_merge(old, range);
+		free_line_log_data(old);
+	} else if (range)
+		new = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	if (new)
+		add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, new);
+}
+
+static void clear_commit_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *r;
+	r = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (!r)
+		return;
+	free_line_log_data(r);
+	add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *lookup_line_range(struct rev_info *revs,
+					       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *d;
+
+	ret = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+
+	for (d = ret; d; d = d->next)
+		range_set_check_invariants(&d->ranges);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *range;
+
+	commit = check_single_commit(rev);
+	range = parse_lines(commit, prefix, args);
+	add_line_range(rev, commit, range);
+
+	if (!rev->diffopt.detect_rename) {
+		int i, count = 0;
+		struct line_log_data *r = range;
+		const char **paths;
+		while (r) {
+			count++;
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths = xmalloc((count+1)*sizeof(char *));
+		r = range;
+		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+			paths[i] = xstrdup(r->path);
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths[count] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&rev->diffopt.pathspec, 0,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL, "", paths);
+		free(paths);
+	}
+}
+
+static void load_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, void **tree,
+			   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	*tree = read_object_with_reference(sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!*tree)
+		die("Unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, *tree, size);
+}
+
+static int count_parents(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+	int count = 0;
+	while (parents) {
+		count++;
+		parents = parents->next;
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static void move_diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *dst,
+			    struct diff_queue_struct *src)
+{
+	assert(src != dst);
+	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(struct diff_queue_struct));
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(src);
+}
+
+static void filter_diffs_for_paths(struct line_log_data *range, int keep_deletions)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct line_log_data *rg = NULL;
+
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			if (keep_deletions)
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		for (rg = range; rg; rg = rg->next) {
+			if (!strcmp(rg->path, p->two->path))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (rg)
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else
+			diff_free_filepair(p);
+	}
+	free(diff_queued_diff.queue);
+	diff_queued_diff = outq;
+}
+
+static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->one)) {
+			/* fprintf(stderr, "diff_might_be_rename found creation of: %s\n", */
+			/* 	diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->path); */
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void queue_diffs(struct line_log_data *range,
+			struct diff_options *opt,
+			struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			struct commit *commit, struct commit *parent)
+{
+	void *tree1 = NULL, *tree2 = NULL;
+	struct tree_desc desc1, desc2;
+
+	assert(commit);
+	load_tree_desc(&desc2, &tree2, commit->tree->object.sha1);
+	if (parent)
+		load_tree_desc(&desc1, &tree1, parent->tree->object.sha1);
+	else
+		init_tree_desc(&desc1, "", 0);
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&diff_queued_diff);
+	diff_tree(&desc1, &desc2, "", opt);
+	if (opt->detect_rename) {
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 1);
+		if (diff_might_be_rename())
+			diffcore_std(opt);
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 0);
+	}
+	move_diff_queue(queue, &diff_queued_diff);
+
+	if (tree1)
+		free(tree1);
+	if (tree2)
+		free(tree2);
+}
+
+static char *get_nth_line(long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data)
+{
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)data;
+	else
+		return (char *)data + ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_line(const char *prefix, char first,
+		       long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data,
+		       const char *color, const char *reset)
+{
+	char *begin = get_nth_line(line, ends, data);
+	char *end = get_nth_line(line+1, ends, data);
+	int had_nl = 0;
+
+	if (end > begin && end[-1] == '\n') {
+		end--;
+		had_nl = 1;
+	}
+
+	fputs(prefix, stdout);
+	fputs(color, stdout);
+	putchar(first);
+	fwrite(begin, 1, end-begin, stdout);
+	fputs(reset, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	if (!had_nl)
+		fputs("\\ No newline at end of file\n", stdout);
+}
+
+static char *output_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	char *prefix = "";
+
+	if (opt->output_prefix) {
+		struct strbuf *sb = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+		prefix = sb->buf;
+	}
+
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_hacky_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long p_lines, t_lines;
+	unsigned long *p_ends = NULL, *t_ends = NULL;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = range->pair;
+	struct diff_ranges *diff = &range->diff;
+
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	char *prefix = output_prefix(opt);
+	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *c_frag = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *c_plain = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_PLAIN);
+
+	if (!pair || !diff)
+		return;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid)
+		fill_line_ends(pair->one, &p_lines, &p_ends);
+	fill_line_ends(pair->two, &t_lines, &t_ends);
+
+	printf("%s%sdiff --git a/%s b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->one->path, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s--- %s%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta,
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? "a/" : "",
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? pair->one->path : "/dev/null",
+	       c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s+++ b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	for (i = 0; i < range->ranges.nr; i++) {
+		long p_start, p_end;
+		long t_start = range->ranges.ranges[i].start;
+		long t_end = range->ranges.ranges[i].end;
+		long t_cur = t_start;
+		int j_last;
+
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].end < t_start)
+			j++;
+		if (j == diff->target.nr || diff->target.ranges[j].start > t_end)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Scan ahead to determine the last diff that falls in this range */
+		j_last = j;
+		while (j_last < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j_last].start < t_end)
+			j_last++;
+		if (j_last > j)
+			j_last--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Compute parent hunk headers: we know that the diff
+		 * has the correct line numbers (but not all hunks).
+		 * So it suffices to shift the start/end according to
+		 * the line numbers of the first/last hunk(s) that
+		 * fall in this range.
+		 */
+		if (t_start < diff->target.ranges[j].start)
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start - (diff->target.ranges[j].start-t_start);
+		else
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start;
+		if (t_end > diff->target.ranges[j_last].end)
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end + (t_end-diff->target.ranges[j_last].end);
+		else
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end;
+
+		if (!p_start && !p_end) {
+			p_start = -1;
+			p_end = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Now output a diff hunk for this range */
+		printf("%s%s@@ -%ld,%ld +%ld,%ld @@%s\n",
+		       prefix, c_frag,
+		       p_start+1, p_end-p_start, t_start+1, t_end-t_start,
+		       c_reset);
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].start < t_end) {
+			int k;
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].start; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_plain, c_reset);
+			for (k = diff->parent.ranges[j].start; k < diff->parent.ranges[j].end; k++)
+				print_line(prefix, '-', k, p_ends, pair->one->data,
+					   c_old, c_reset);
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].end && t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, '+', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_new, c_reset);
+			j++;
+		}
+		for (; t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+			print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+				   c_plain, c_reset);
+	}
+
+	free(p_ends);
+	free(t_ends);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: manually building a diff here is not the Right
+ * Thing(tm).  log -L should be built into the diff pipeline.
+ */
+static void dump_diff_hacky(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	puts(output_prefix(&rev->diffopt));
+	while (range) {
+		dump_diff_hacky_one(rev, range);
+		range = range->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlike most other functions, this destructively operates on
+ * 'range'.
+ */
+static int process_diff_filepair(struct rev_info *rev,
+				 struct diff_filepair *pair,
+				 struct line_log_data *range,
+				 struct diff_ranges **diff_out)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+	struct range_set tmp;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+	mmfile_t file_parent, file_target;
+
+	assert(pair->two->path);
+	while (rg) {
+		assert(rg->path);
+		if (!strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+			break;
+		rg = rg->next;
+	}
+
+	if (!rg)
+		return 0;
+	if (rg->ranges.nr == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	assert(pair->two->sha1_valid);
+	diff_populate_filespec(pair->two, 0);
+	file_target.ptr = pair->two->data;
+	file_target.size = pair->two->size;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid) {
+		diff_populate_filespec(pair->one, 0);
+		file_parent.ptr = pair->one->data;
+		file_parent.size = pair->one->size;
+	} else {
+		file_parent.ptr = "";
+		file_parent.size = 0;
+	}
+
+	diff_ranges_init(&diff);
+	collect_diff(&file_parent, &file_target, &diff);
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK should apply some heuristics to prevent mismatches */
+	free(rg->path);
+	rg->path = xstrdup(pair->one->path);
+
+	range_set_init(&tmp, 0);
+	range_set_map_across_diff(&tmp, &rg->ranges, &diff, diff_out);
+	range_set_release(&rg->ranges);
+	range_set_move(&rg->ranges, &tmp);
+
+	diff_ranges_release(&diff);
+
+	return ((*diff_out)->parent.nr > 0);
+}
+
+static struct diff_filepair *diff_filepair_dup(struct diff_filepair *pair)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_filepair));
+	new->one = pair->one;
+	new->two = pair->two;
+	new->one->count++;
+	new->two->count++;
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void free_diffqueues(int n, struct diff_queue_struct *dq)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		for (j = 0; j < dq[i].nr; j++)
+			diff_free_filepair(dq[i].queue[j]);
+	free(dq);
+}
+
+static int process_all_files(struct line_log_data **range_out,
+			     struct rev_info *rev,
+			     struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			     struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, changed = 0;
+
+	*range_out = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_ranges *pairdiff = NULL;
+		struct diff_filepair *pair = queue->queue[i];
+		if (process_diff_filepair(rev, pair, *range_out, &pairdiff)) {
+			/*
+			 * Store away the diff for later output.  We
+			 * tuck it in the ranges we got as _input_,
+			 * since that's the commit that caused the
+			 * diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK not enough when we get around to
+			 * doing something interesting with merges;
+			 * currently each invocation on a merge parent
+			 * trashes the previous one's diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK tramples over data structures not owned here
+			 */
+			struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+			changed++;
+			while (rg && strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+				rg = rg->next;
+			assert(rg);
+			rg->pair = diff_filepair_dup(queue->queue[i]);
+			memcpy(&rg->diff, pairdiff, sizeof(struct diff_ranges));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+
+	show_log(rev);
+	dump_diff_hacky(rev, range);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_ordinary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+					  struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct commit *parent = NULL;
+	struct diff_queue_struct queue;
+	struct line_log_data *parent_range;
+	int changed;
+
+	if (commit->parents)
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &queue, commit, parent);
+	changed = process_all_files(&parent_range, rev, &queue, range);
+	if (parent)
+		add_line_range(rev, parent, parent_range);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_merge_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+				       struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *diffqueues;
+	struct line_log_data **cand;
+	struct commit **parents;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int i;
+	int nparents = count_parents(commit);
+
+	diffqueues = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*diffqueues));
+	cand = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*cand));
+	parents = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*parents));
+
+	p = commit->parents;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		parents[i] = p->item;
+		p = p->next;
+		queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &diffqueues[i], commit, parents[i]);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		int changed;
+		cand[i] = NULL;
+		changed = process_all_files(&cand[i], rev, &diffqueues[i], range);
+		if (!changed) {
+			/*
+			 * This parent can take all the blame, so we
+			 * don't follow any other path in history
+			 */
+			add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+			clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+			commit->parents = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+			commit->parents->item = parents[i];
+			commit->parents->next = NULL;
+			free(parents);
+			free(cand);
+			free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+			/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No single parent took the blame.  We add the candidates
+	 * from the above loop to the parents.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+	}
+
+	clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+	free(parents);
+	free(cand);
+	free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+	return 1;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK evil merge detection stuff */
+	/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (range) {
+		if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
+			changed = process_ranges_ordinary_commit(rev, commit, range);
+		else
+			changed = process_ranges_merge_commit(rev, commit, range);
+	}
+
+	if (!changed)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static enum rewrite_result line_log_rewrite_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit **pp)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *p = *pp;
+		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!p->parents)
+			return rewrite_one_noparents;
+		*pp = p->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = rev->commits;
+	struct commit_list *out = NULL, **pp = &out;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *to_free = NULL;
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(rev, commit)) {
+			*pp = list;
+			pp = &list->next;
+		} else
+			to_free = list;
+		list = list->next;
+		free(to_free);
+	}
+	*pp = NULL;
+
+	for (list = out; list; list = list->next)
+		rewrite_parents(rev, list->item, line_log_rewrite_one);
+
+	rev->commits = out;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/line-log.h b/line-log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9212d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef LINE_LOG_H
+#define LINE_LOG_H
+
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct commit;
+
+/* A range [start,end].  Lines are numbered starting at 0, and the
+ * ranges include start but exclude end. */
+struct range {
+	long start, end;
+};
+
+/* A set of ranges.  The ranges must always be disjoint and sorted. */
+struct range_set {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct range *ranges;
+};
+
+/* A diff, encoded as the set of pre- and post-image ranges where the
+ * files differ. A pair of ranges corresponds to a hunk. */
+struct diff_ranges {
+	struct range_set parent;
+	struct range_set target;
+};
+
+extern void range_set_init(struct range_set *, size_t prealloc);
+extern void range_set_release(struct range_set *);
+/* Range includes start; excludes end */
+extern void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/* New range must begin at or after end of last added range */
+extern void range_set_append(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to sort and make the ranges disjoint.
+ */
+extern void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *);
+
+/* Linked list of interesting files and their associated ranges.  The
+ * list must be kept sorted by path.
+ *
+ * For simplicity, even though this is highly redundant, each
+ * line_log_data owns its 'path'.
+ */
+struct line_log_data {
+	struct line_log_data *next;
+	char *path;
+	char status;
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	int arg_alloc, arg_nr;
+	const char **args;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+};
+
+extern void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r);
+
+extern void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args);
+
+extern int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev);
+
+extern int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit);
+
+#endif /* LINE_LOG_H */
diff --git a/line-range.c b/line-range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de4e32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in the -L option
+ *
+ * 'begin' is applicable only to relative range anchors. Absolute anchors
+ * ignore this value.
+ *
+ * When parsing "-L A,B", parse_loc() is called once for A and once for B.
+ *
+ * When parsing A, 'begin' must be a negative number, the absolute value of
+ * which is the line at which relative start-of-range anchors should be
+ * based. Beginning of file is represented by -1.
+ *
+ * When parsing B, 'begin' must be the positive line number immediately
+ * following the line computed for 'A'.
+ */
+static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec, nth_line_fn_t nth_line,
+			     void *data, long lines, long begin, long *ret)
+{
+	char *term;
+	const char *line;
+	long num;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+
+	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
+	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
+	 * <something>.
+	 */
+	if (1 <= begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
+		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
+		if (term != spec + 1) {
+			if (!ret)
+				return term;
+			if (num == 0)
+				die("-L invalid empty range");
+			if (spec[0] == '-')
+				num = 0 - num;
+			if (0 < num)
+				*ret = begin + num - 2;
+			else if (!num)
+				*ret = begin;
+			else
+				*ret = begin + num;
+			return term;
+		}
+		return spec;
+	}
+	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
+	if (term != spec) {
+		if (ret) {
+			if (num <= 0)
+				die("-L invalid line number: %ld", num);
+			*ret = num;
+		}
+		return term;
+	}
+
+	if (begin < 0) {
+		if (spec[0] != '^')
+			begin = -begin;
+		else {
+			begin = 1;
+			spec++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (spec[0] != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
+	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
+		if (*term == '\\')
+			term++;
+	}
+	if (*term != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* in the scan-only case we are not interested in the regex */
+	if (!ret)
+		return term+1;
+
+	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
+	*term = 0;
+	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
+	line = nth_line(data, begin);
+
+	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
+	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
+		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
+		const char *nline;
+
+		while (begin++ < lines) {
+			nline = nth_line(data, begin);
+			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
+				break;
+			line = nline;
+		}
+		*ret = begin;
+		regfree(&regexp);
+		*term++ = '/';
+		return term;
+	}
+	else {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: %s",
+		    spec + 1, begin + 1, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int match_funcname(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *bol, const char *eol)
+{
+	if (xecfg) {
+		char buf[1];
+		return xecfg->find_func(bol, eol - bol, buf, 1,
+					xecfg->find_func_priv) >= 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bol == eol)
+		return 0;
+	if (isalpha(*bol) || *bol == '_' || *bol == '$')
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *find_funcname_matching_regexp(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *start,
+						 regex_t *regexp)
+{
+	int reg_error;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+	while (1) {
+		const char *bol, *eol;
+		reg_error = regexec(regexp, start, 1, match, 0);
+		if (reg_error == REG_NOMATCH)
+			return NULL;
+		else if (reg_error) {
+			char errbuf[1024];
+			regerror(reg_error, regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+			die("-L parameter: regexec() failed: %s", errbuf);
+		}
+		/* determine extent of line matched */
+		bol = start+match[0].rm_so;
+		eol = start+match[0].rm_eo;
+		while (bol > start && *bol != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		if (*bol == '\n')
+			bol++;
+		while (*eol && *eol != '\n')
+			eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			eol++;
+		/* is it a funcname line? */
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, (char*) bol, (char*) eol))
+			return bol;
+		start = eol;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *parse_range_funcname(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+					void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor, long *begin, long *end,
+					const char *path)
+{
+	char *pattern;
+	const char *term;
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = NULL;
+	const char *start;
+	const char *p;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		anchor = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+
+	assert(*arg == ':');
+	term = arg+1;
+	while (*term && *term != ':') {
+		if (*term == '\\' && *(term+1))
+			term++;
+		term++;
+	}
+	if (term == arg+1)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!begin) /* skip_range_arg case */
+		return term;
+
+	pattern = xstrndup(arg+1, term-(arg+1));
+
+	anchor--; /* input is in human terms */
+	start = nth_line_cb(cb_data, anchor);
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
+		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+		xecfg = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*xecfg));
+		xdiff_set_find_func(xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+	}
+
+	reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, pattern, REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (reg_error) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", pattern, errbuf);
+	}
+
+	p = find_funcname_matching_regexp(xecfg, (char*) start, &regexp);
+	if (!p)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: no match",
+		    pattern, anchor + 1);
+	*begin = 0;
+	while (p > nth_line_cb(cb_data, *begin))
+		(*begin)++;
+
+	if (*begin >= lines)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' matches at EOF", pattern);
+
+	*end = *begin+1;
+	while (*end < lines) {
+		const char *bol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end);
+		const char *eol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end+1);
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, bol, eol))
+			break;
+		(*end)++;
+	}
+
+	regfree(&regexp);
+	free(xecfg);
+	free(pattern);
+
+	/* compensate for 1-based numbering */
+	(*begin)++;
+
+	return term;
+}
+
+int parse_range_arg(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+		    void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+		    long *begin, long *end, const char *path)
+{
+	*begin = *end = 0;
+
+	if (anchor < 1)
+		anchor = 1;
+	if (anchor > lines)
+		anchor = lines + 1;
+
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':')) {
+		arg = parse_range_funcname(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, anchor, begin, end, path);
+		if (!arg || *arg)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, -anchor, begin);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg + 1, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, *begin + 1, end);
+
+	if (*arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*begin && *end && *end < *begin) {
+		long tmp;
+		tmp = *end; *end = *begin; *begin = tmp;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':'))
+		return parse_range_funcname(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, -1, NULL);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg+1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+	return arg;
+}
diff --git a/line-range.h b/line-range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ba3c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef LINE_RANGE_H
+#define LINE_RANGE_H
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in an -L begin,end option w.r.t. the notional file
+ * object 'cb_data' consisting of 'lines' lines.
+ *
+ * The 'nth_line_cb' callback is used to determine the start of the
+ * line 'lno' inside the 'cb_data'.  The caller is expected to already
+ * have a suitable map at hand to make this a constant-time lookup.
+ *
+ * 'anchor' is the 1-based line at which relative range specifications
+ * should be anchored. Absolute ranges are unaffected by this value.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 in case of success and -1 if there was an error.  The
+ * actual range is stored in *begin and *end.  The counting starts
+ * at 1!  In case of error, the caller should show usage message.
+ */
+
+typedef const char *(*nth_line_fn_t)(void *data, long lno);
+
+extern int parse_range_arg(const char *arg,
+			   nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+			   void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+			   long *begin, long *end,
+			   const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Scan past a range argument that could be parsed by
+ * 'parse_range_arg', to help the caller determine the start of the
+ * filename in '-L n,m:file' syntax.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the first character after the 'n,m' part, or
+ * NULL in case the argument is obviously malformed.
+ */
+
+extern const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg);
+
+#endif /* LINE_RANGE_H */
diff --git a/list-objects.c b/list-objects.c
index 3dd4a96..6cbedf0 100644
--- a/list-objects.c
+++ b/list-objects.c
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@
 				     cb_data);
 	}
 	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
@@ -145,19 +144,35 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list,
-			      struct rev_info *revs,
-			      show_edge_fn show_edge)
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *revs, show_edge_fn show_edge)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	int i;
+
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 
 		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (revs->edge_hint && !(commit->object.flags & SHOWN)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(commit, revs, show_edge);
 	}
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->cmdline.rev[i].item;
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)obj;
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+		if (revs->edge_hint && !(obj->flags & SHOWN)) {
+			obj->flags |= SHOWN;
+			show_edge(commit);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void add_pending_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct tree *tree)
diff --git a/list-objects.h b/list-objects.h
index 3db7bb6..136a1da 100644
--- a/list-objects.h
+++ b/list-objects.h
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
 void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *, show_commit_fn, show_object_fn, void *);
 
 typedef void (*show_edge_fn)(struct commit *);
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *, struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index acea33b..fb61ea6 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
 static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
@@ -236,15 +236,13 @@
 	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
 	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "merge", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
 	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
 	 */
-	name = var + 6;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
 		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -256,16 +254,14 @@
 		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
-	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("name", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("driver", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		/*
@@ -289,7 +285,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
diff --git a/lockfile.c b/lockfile.c
index c6fb77b..8fbcb6a 100644
--- a/lockfile.c
+++ b/lockfile.c
@@ -124,15 +124,17 @@
 
 static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 {
-	if (strlen(path) >= sizeof(lk->filename))
-		return -1;
-	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
 	/*
 	 * subtract 5 from size to make sure there's room for adding
 	 * ".lock" for the lock file name
 	 */
+	static const size_t max_path_len = sizeof(lk->filename) - 5;
+
+	if (strlen(path) >= max_path_len)
+		return -1;
+	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
 	if (!(flags & LOCK_NODEREF))
-		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, sizeof(lk->filename)-5);
+		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, max_path_len);
 	strcat(lk->filename, ".lock");
 	lk->fd = open(lk->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
 	if (0 <= lk->fd) {
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index c894930..1982631 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
 struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
 
@@ -132,6 +134,8 @@
 		obj = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged;
 		if (!obj)
 			break;
+		if (!obj->parsed)
+			parse_object(obj->sha1);
 		add_name_decoration(DECORATION_REF_TAG, refname, obj);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -174,119 +178,52 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+/*
+ * The caller makes sure there is no funny color before
+ * calling. format_decorations makes sure the same after return.
+ */
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit,
+			int use_color)
 {
 	const char *prefix;
 	struct name_decoration *decoration;
 	const char *color_commit =
-		diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT);
+		diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_COMMIT);
 	const char *color_reset =
-		decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DECORATION_NONE);
+		decorate_get_color(use_color, DECORATION_NONE);
 
-	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
-		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
-	if (!opt->show_decorations)
-		return;
 	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
 	if (!decoration)
 		return;
 	prefix = " (";
 	while (decoration) {
-		printf("%s", prefix);
-		fputs(decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, decoration->type),
-		      stdout);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, decoration->type));
 		if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
-			fputs("tag: ", stdout);
-		printf("%s", decoration->name);
-		fputs(color_reset, stdout);
-		fputs(color_commit, stdout);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "tag: ");
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, decoration->name);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 		prefix = ", ";
 		decoration = decoration->next;
 	}
-	putchar(')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 }
 
-/*
- * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
- * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
- */
-static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	int seen_colon = 0;
-	int seen_at = 0;
-	int seen_name = 0;
-	int seen_head = 0;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	cp = letter + size;
-	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
-		continue;
-
-	while (letter <= cp) {
-		char ch = *cp--;
-		if (ch == '\n')
-			break;
-
-		if (!seen_at) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				seen_at = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!seen_colon) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				return 0;
-			else if (ch == ':')
-				seen_colon = 1;
-			else
-				seen_name = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
-		    ch == '-') {
-			seen_head = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return seen_head && seen_name;
-}
-
-static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
-{
-	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
-	int has_signoff = 0;
-	char *cp;
-
-	cp = sb->buf;
-
-	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
-	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
-
-		has_signoff = 1;
-
-		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
-		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
-			break;
-		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
-			continue;
-		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
-			continue;
-		/* we already have him */
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
 		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
-	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	format_decorations(&sb, commit, opt->diffopt.use_color);
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
@@ -299,26 +236,34 @@
 	return result;
 }
 
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf)
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *filename,
+			const char *subject,
+			struct rev_info *info)
 {
-	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
-	int start_len = buf->len;
+	const char *suffix = info->patch_suffix;
+	int nr = info->nr;
+	int start_len = filename->len;
+	int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - (strlen(suffix) + 1);
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, commit || subject ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
-	if (commit || subject) {
-		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	if (0 < info->reroll_count)
+		strbuf_addf(filename, "v%d-", info->reroll_count);
+	strbuf_addf(filename, "%04d-%s", nr, subject);
 
-		if (subject)
-			strbuf_addstr(buf, subject);
-		else if (commit)
-			format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
+	if (max_len < filename->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(filename, max_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(filename, suffix);
+}
 
-		if (max_len < buf->len)
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
-	}
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *filename,
+		       struct commit *commit,
+		       struct rev_info *info)
+{
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%f", &subject, &ctx);
+	fmt_output_subject(filename, subject.buf, info);
+	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
@@ -387,8 +332,10 @@
 			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
 		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
 
-		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL,
-				   opt->nr, opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		if (opt->numbered_files)
+			strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", opt->nr);
+		else
+			fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, opt);
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
 			 "\n--%s%s\n"
 			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
@@ -434,7 +381,7 @@
 
 	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
 				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
+				      &gpg_output, NULL);
 	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
 		strbuf_addstr(&gpg_output, "No signature\n");
 
@@ -498,20 +445,17 @@
 	gpg_message_offset = verify_message.len;
 
 	payload_size = parse_signature(extra->value, extra->len);
-	if ((extra->len <= payload_size) ||
-	    (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
-				  extra->value + payload_size,
-				  extra->len - payload_size,
-				  &verify_message) &&
-	     verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
-		status = -1;
-	}
-	else if (strstr(verify_message.buf + gpg_message_offset,
-			": Good signature from "))
-		status = 0;
-	else
-		status = -1;
+	status = -1;
+	if (extra->len > payload_size)
+		if (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
+					 extra->value + payload_size,
+					 extra->len - payload_size,
+					 &verify_message, NULL)) {
+			if (verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)
+				strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
+			else
+				status = 0;
+		}
 
 	show_sig_lines(opt, status, verify_message.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&verify_message);
@@ -540,7 +484,6 @@
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
-	ctx.show_notes = opt->show_notes;
 	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
 		graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
 
@@ -616,8 +559,8 @@
 			printf(" (from %s)",
 			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
 						  abbrev_commit));
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
 		show_decorations(opt, commit);
-		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
 		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
 			putchar(' ');
 		} else {
@@ -648,11 +591,25 @@
 	if (!commit->buffer)
 		return;
 
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		int raw;
+		struct strbuf notebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		raw = (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &notebuf,
+				     get_log_output_encoding(), raw);
+		ctx.notes_message = notebuf.len
+			? strbuf_detach(&notebuf, NULL)
+			: xcalloc(1, 1);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
-	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
-		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0 && opt->add_signoff)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte =
+			has_non_ascii(fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					       getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
 	ctx.date_mode_explicit = opt->date_mode_explicit;
 	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
@@ -660,10 +617,25 @@
 	ctx.preserve_subject = opt->preserve_subject;
 	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
 	ctx.fmt = opt->commit_format;
+	ctx.mailmap = opt->mailmap;
+	ctx.color = opt->diffopt.use_color;
+	ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	if (opt->from_ident.mail_begin && opt->from_ident.name_begin)
+		ctx.from_ident = &opt->from_ident;
 	pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &msgbuf);
 
 	if (opt->add_signoff)
-		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP);
+
+	if ((ctx.fmt != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) &&
+	    ctx.notes_message && *ctx.notes_message) {
+		if (ctx.fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "---\n");
+			opt->shown_dashes = 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ctx.notes_message);
+	}
+
 	if (opt->show_log_size) {
 		printf("log size %i\n", (int)msgbuf.len);
 		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
@@ -689,10 +661,12 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+	free(ctx.notes_message);
 }
 
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	opt->shown_dashes = 0;
 	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
 
 	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
@@ -704,15 +678,16 @@
 	}
 
 	if (opt->loginfo && !opt->no_commit_id) {
-		/* When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
-		 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
-		 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
-		 * output for readability.
-		 */
 		show_log(opt);
 		if ((opt->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT) &&
 		    opt->verbose_header &&
 		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+			/*
+			 * When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
+			 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
+			 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
+			 * diff/diffstat output for readability.
+			 */
 			int pch = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 			if (opt->diffopt.output_prefix) {
 				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
@@ -720,9 +695,20 @@
 					opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data);
 				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
 			}
-			if ((pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch) {
+
+			/*
+			 * We may have shown three-dashes line early
+			 * between notes and the log message, in which
+			 * case we only want a blank line after the
+			 * notes without (an extra) three-dashes line.
+			 * Otherwise, we show the three-dashes line if
+			 * we are showing the patch with diffstat, but
+			 * in that case, there is no extra blank line
+			 * after the three-dashes line.
+			 */
+			if (!opt->shown_dashes &&
+			    (pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
 				printf("---");
-			}
 			putchar('\n');
 		}
 	}
@@ -745,13 +731,16 @@
 {
 	int showed_log;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+	unsigned const char *sha1;
 
 	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
 		return 0;
 
+	parse_commit(commit);
+	sha1 = commit->tree->object.sha1;
+
 	/* Root commit? */
-	parents = commit->parents;
+	parents = get_saved_parents(opt, commit);
 	if (!parents) {
 		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
 			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
@@ -772,7 +761,9 @@
 			 * parent, showing summary diff of the others
 			 * we merged _in_.
 			 */
-			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			parse_commit(parents->item);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
+				       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 			return !opt->loginfo;
 		}
@@ -785,7 +776,9 @@
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
 
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		parse_commit(parent);
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 
 		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
@@ -809,6 +802,9 @@
 	log.parent = NULL;
 	opt->loginfo = &log;
 
+	if (opt->line_level_traverse)
+		return line_log_print(opt, commit);
+
 	shown = log_tree_diff(opt, commit, &log);
 	if (!shown && opt->loginfo && opt->always_show_header) {
 		log.parent = NULL;
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
index f5ac238..d6ecd4d 100644
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
 int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void format_decorations(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit, int use_color);
 void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			     const char **subject_p,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
 
 #define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, const char *subject, int nr,
-			const char *suffix, struct strbuf *buf);
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *, struct commit *, struct rev_info *);
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *, const char *subject, struct rev_info *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
index ea4b471..81890a6 100644
--- a/mailmap.c
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@
 #define DEBUG_MAILMAP 0
 #if DEBUG_MAILMAP
 #define debug_mm(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define debug_str(X) ((X) ? (X) : "(none)")
 #else
 static inline void debug_mm(const char *format, ...) {}
+static inline const char *debug_str(const char *s) { return s; }
 #endif
 
 const char *git_mailmap_file;
+const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 struct mailmap_info {
 	char *name;
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@
 static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n", s, mi->name, mi->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 s, debug_str(mi->name), debug_str(mi->email));
 	free(mi->name);
 	free(mi->email);
 }
@@ -36,8 +40,11 @@
 static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me = (struct mailmap_entry *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n", s, me->namemap.nr);
-	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n", me->name, me->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n",
+		 s, me->namemap.nr);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 debug_str(me->name), debug_str(me->email));
+
 	free(me->name);
 	free(me->email);
 
@@ -45,19 +52,26 @@
 	string_list_clear_func(&me->namemap, free_mailmap_info);
 }
 
+/*
+ * On some systems (e.g. MinGW 4.0), string.h has _only_ inline
+ * definition of strcasecmp and no non-inline implementation is
+ * supplied anywhere, which is, eh, "unusual"; we cannot take an
+ * address of such a function to store it in namemap.cmp.  This is
+ * here as a workaround---do not assign strcasecmp directly to
+ * namemap.cmp until we know no systems that matter have such an
+ * "unusual" string.h.
+ */
+static int namemap_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(a, b);
+}
+
 static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
-			char *new_name, char *new_email, char *old_name, char *old_email)
+			char *new_name, char *new_email,
+			char *old_name, char *old_email)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
 	int index;
-	char *p;
-
-	if (old_email)
-		for (p = old_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
-	if (new_email)
-		for (p = new_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
 
 	if (old_email == NULL) {
 		old_email = new_email;
@@ -67,16 +81,21 @@
 	if ((index = string_list_find_insert_index(map, old_email, 1)) < 0) {
 		/* mailmap entry exists, invert index value */
 		index = -1 - index;
+		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 	} else {
 		/* create mailmap entry */
-		struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
-		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
-		((struct mailmap_entry *)item->util)->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+
+		item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
+		me = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		me->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me->namemap.cmp = namemap_cmp;
+		item->util = me;
 	}
-	me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 
 	if (old_name == NULL) {
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n",
+			 old_email, index);
 		/* Replace current name and new email for simple entry */
 		if (new_name) {
 			free(me->name);
@@ -88,7 +107,8 @@
 		}
 	} else {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_info));
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n",
+			 old_email, index);
 		if (new_name)
 			mi->name = xstrdup(new_name);
 		if (new_email)
@@ -97,11 +117,12 @@
 	}
 
 	debug_mm("mailmap:  '%s' <%s> -> '%s' <%s>\n",
-		 old_name, old_email, new_name, new_email);
+		 debug_str(old_name), old_email,
+		 debug_str(new_name), debug_str(new_email));
 }
 
 static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
-		char **email, int allow_empty_email)
+				  char **email, int allow_empty_email)
 {
 	char *left, *right, *nstart, *nend;
 	*name = *email = NULL;
@@ -121,7 +142,7 @@
 	while (nend > nstart && isspace(*nend))
 		--nend;
 
-	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
+	*name = (nstart <= nend ? nstart : NULL);
 	*email = left+1;
 	*(nend+1) = '\0';
 	*right++ = '\0';
@@ -129,54 +150,116 @@
 	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
 }
 
-static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+static void read_mailmap_line(struct string_list *map, char *buffer,
+			      char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+	if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+		static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+		int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
+
+		if (!repo_abbrev)
+			return;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			free(*repo_abbrev);
+			*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
+
+			for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+				; /* nothing */
+			strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+		parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+	if (email1)
+		add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_file(struct string_list *map, const char *filename,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
 {
 	char buffer[1024];
-	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+	FILE *f;
 
-	if (f == NULL)
-		return 1;
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
-		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
-		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
-			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
-			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
-			int len = strlen(buffer);
+	if (!filename)
+		return 0;
 
-			if (!repo_abbrev)
-				continue;
-
-			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-				buffer[--len] = 0;
-			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
-				char *cp;
-
-				if (repo_abbrev)
-					free(*repo_abbrev);
-				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
-
-				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
-					; /* nothing */
-				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
-			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
-
-		if (email1)
-			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to open mailmap at %s: %s",
+			     filename, strerror(errno));
 	}
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL)
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buffer, repo_abbrev);
 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void read_mailmap_string(struct string_list *map, char *buf,
+				char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	while (*buf) {
+		char *end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+
+		if (*end)
+			*end++ = '\0';
+
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+		buf = end;
+	}
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_blob(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *name,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to read mailmap object at %s", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return error("mailmap is not a blob: %s", name);
+
+	read_mailmap_string(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
 {
+	int err = 0;
+
 	map->strdup_strings = 1;
-	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
-	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
-	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+	map->cmp = namemap_cmp;
+
+	if (!git_mailmap_blob && is_bare_repository())
+		git_mailmap_blob = "HEAD:.mailmap";
+
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_blob(map, git_mailmap_blob, repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
@@ -187,60 +270,100 @@
 	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
 }
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *map,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+/*
+ * Look for an entry in map that match string[0:len]; string[len]
+ * does not have to be NUL (but it could be).
+ */
+static struct string_list_item *lookup_prefix(struct string_list *map,
+					      const char *string, size_t len)
 {
-	char *end_of_email;
+	int i = string_list_find_insert_index(map, string, 1);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		/* exact match */
+		i = -1 - i;
+		if (!string[len])
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * that map entry matches exactly to the string, including
+		 * the cruft at the end beyond "len".  That is not a match
+		 * with string[0:len] that we are looking for.
+		 */
+	} else if (!string[len]) {
+		/*
+		 * asked with the whole string, and got nothing.  No
+		 * matching entry can exist in the map.
+		 */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * i is at the exact match to an overlong key, or location the
+	 * overlong key would be inserted, which must come after the
+	 * real location of the key if one exists.
+	 */
+	while (0 <= --i && i < map->nr) {
+		int cmp = strncasecmp(map->items[i].string, string, len);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			/*
+			 * "i" points at a key definitely below the prefix;
+			 * the map does not have string[0:len] in it.
+			 */
+			break;
+		else if (!cmp && !map->items[i].string[len])
+			/* found it */
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * otherwise, the string at "i" may be string[0:len]
+		 * followed by a string that sorts later than string[len:];
+		 * keep trying.
+		 */
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+	     const char **email, size_t *emaillen,
+	     const char **name, size_t *namelen)
+{
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
-	int i;
 
-	/* figure out space requirement for email */
-	end_of_email = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!end_of_email) {
-		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
-		end_of_email = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
-		if (!end_of_email)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	if (end_of_email - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
-		mailbuf = buf;
-	else
-		mailbuf = xmalloc(end_of_email - email + 1);
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+		 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+		 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
 
-	/* downcase the email address */
-	for (i = 0; i < end_of_email - email; i++)
-		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
-	mailbuf[i] = 0;
-
-	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
-	item = string_list_lookup(map, mailbuf);
+	item = lookup_prefix(map, *email, *emaillen);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 		if (me->namemap.nr) {
-			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
-			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
-			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(&me->namemap, name);
+			/*
+			 * The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on
+			 * name too. If the name is not found, we choose the
+			 * simple entry.
+			 */
+			struct string_list_item *subitem;
+			subitem = lookup_prefix(&me->namemap, *name, *namelen);
 			if (subitem)
 				item = subitem;
 		}
 	}
-	if (mailbuf != buf)
-		free(mailbuf);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
-		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+		if (mi->name == NULL && mi->email == NULL) {
 			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
-			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
-		else
-			*end_of_email = '\0';
-		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
-			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
-		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		if (mi->email) {
+				*email = mi->email;
+				*emaillen = strlen(*email);
+		}
+		if (mi->name) {
+				*name = mi->name;
+				*namelen = strlen(*name);
+		}
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+			 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+			 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
 		return 1;
 	}
 	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
index d5c3664..ed7c93b 100644
--- a/mailmap.h
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen, const char **name, size_t *namelen);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
index 26f7ed1..7873cde 100644
--- a/match-trees.c
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -47,6 +47,29 @@
 	return score;
 }
 
+static void *fill_tree_desc_strict(struct tree_desc *desc,
+				   const unsigned char *hash)
+{
+	void *buffer;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(hash, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, buffer, size);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static int base_name_entries_compare(const struct name_entry *a,
+				     const struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return base_name_compare(a->path, tree_entry_len(a), a->mode,
+				 b->path, tree_entry_len(b), b->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
  */
@@ -54,71 +77,39 @@
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
 	struct tree_desc two;
-	void *one_buf, *two_buf;
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
+	void *two_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&two, hash2);
 	int score = 0;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
 
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
-	two_buf = read_sha1_file(hash2, &type, &size);
-	if (!two_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
-	while (one.size | two.size) {
-		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
-		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
-		const char *path1 = path1;
-		const char *path2 = path2;
-		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
-		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct name_entry e1, e2;
+		int got_entry_from_one = tree_entry(&one, &e1);
+		int got_entry_from_two = tree_entry(&two, &e2);
 		int cmp;
 
-		if (one.size)
-			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
-		if (two.size)
-			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
-
-		if (!one.size) {
-			/* two has more entries */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!two.size) {
+		if (got_entry_from_one && got_entry_from_two)
+			cmp = base_name_entries_compare(&e1, &e2);
+		else if (got_entry_from_one)
 			/* two lacks this entry */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
-					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
-		if (cmp < 0) {
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (got_entry_from_two)
+			/* two has more entries */
+			cmp = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+
+		if (cmp < 0)
 			/* path1 does not appear in two */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			score += score_missing(e1.mode, e1.path);
+		else if (cmp > 0)
 			/* path2 does not appear in one */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			score += score_missing(e2.mode, e2.path);
+		else if (hashcmp(e1.sha1, e2.sha1))
 			/* they are different */
-			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+			score += score_differs(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 		else
 			/* same subtree or blob */
-			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
-		update_tree_entry(&one);
-		update_tree_entry(&two);
+			score += score_matches(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 	}
 	free(one_buf);
 	free(two_buf);
@@ -136,16 +127,7 @@
 			int recurse_limit)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
-	void *one_buf;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
 
 	while (one.size) {
 		const char *path;
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-blobs.c
similarity index 94%
rename from merge-file.c
rename to merge-blobs.c
index 7845528..57211bc 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "blob.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 }
 
-void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+void *merge_blobs(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *res = NULL;
 	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
diff --git a/merge-blobs.h b/merge-blobs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b569e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-blobs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_BLOBS_H
+#define MERGE_BLOBS_H
+
+#include "blob.h"
+
+extern void *merge_blobs(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+#endif /* MERGE_BLOBS_H */
diff --git a/merge-file.h b/merge-file.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b3b83a..0000000
--- a/merge-file.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MERGE_FILE_H
-#define MERGE_FILE_H
-
-extern void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our,
-			struct blob *their, unsigned long *size);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index d882060..dbb7104 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
 		int i;
 		fprintf(stderr, "BUG: There are unmerged index entries:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				fprintf(stderr, "BUG: %d %.*s\n", ce_stage(ce),
 					(int)ce_namelen(ce), ce->name);
@@ -264,7 +264,8 @@
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
 	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-			      active_cache, active_nr, 0) < 0)
+			      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+			      active_nr, 0) < 0)
 		die(_("error building trees"));
 
 	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@
 {
 	int n;
 	struct pathspec match_all;
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &match_all, save_files_dirs, o))
 		return 0;
 	n = o->current_file_set.nr + o->current_directory_set.nr;
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct stage_data *e;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 
@@ -976,7 +977,7 @@
 	return mfi;
 }
 
-static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file_one(struct merge_options *o,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
 					 const unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
@@ -1166,7 +1167,7 @@
 		struct merge_file_info mfi;
 		struct diff_filespec other;
 		struct diff_filespec *add;
-		mfi = merge_file(o, one->path,
+		mfi = merge_file_one(o, one->path,
 				 one->sha1, one->mode,
 				 a->sha1, a->mode,
 				 b->sha1, b->mode,
@@ -1450,7 +1451,7 @@
 				       ren1_dst, branch2);
 				if (o->call_depth) {
 					struct merge_file_info mfi;
-					mfi = merge_file(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
+					mfi = merge_file_one(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
 							 ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode,
 							 dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode,
 							 branch1, branch2);
@@ -2068,6 +2069,15 @@
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "histogram"))
 		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "diff-algorithm=")) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(s + strlen("diff-algorithm="));
+		if (value < 0)
+			return -1;
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(o, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		o->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		o->xdl_opts |= value;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
 		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 58f3435..9e090a3 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -59,9 +59,4 @@
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *out, const char *s);
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/merge.c b/merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70f1000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit)
+		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
+	else
+		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
+}
+
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
+{
+	const char **args;
+	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
+			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
+	args[i++] = buf.buf;
+	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
+		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
+		strcpy(s, "--");
+		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
+		args[i++] = s;
+	}
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
+	args[i++] = "--";
+	args[i++] = head_arg;
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
+	args[i] = NULL;
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	i = 1;
+	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	i += 2;
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		free((void *)args[i++]);
+	free(args);
+	discard_cache();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head,
+			  const unsigned char *remote,
+			  int overwrite_ignore)
+{
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+	if (overwrite_ignore) {
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+		opts.dir = &dir;
+	}
+
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
+
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/defaults b/mergetools/defaults
deleted file mode 100644
index 21e63ec..0000000
--- a/mergetools/defaults
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# Redefined by builtin tools
-can_merge () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-can_diff () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-diff_cmd () {
-	status=1
-	return $status
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	status=1
-	return $status
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path () {
-	echo "$1"
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/diffmerge b/mergetools/diffmerge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85ac720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/diffmerge
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge --result="$MERGED" \
+			"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge \
+			--result="$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	status=$?
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff b/mergetools/gvimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/kdiff3 b/mergetools/kdiff3
index 28fead4..a30034f 100644
--- a/mergetools/kdiff3
+++ b/mergetools/kdiff3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+	"$merge_tool_path" \
 		--L1 "$MERGED (A)" --L2 "$MERGED (B)" \
 		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
diff --git a/mergetools/p4merge b/mergetools/p4merge
index 295361a..5a608ab 100644
--- a/mergetools/p4merge
+++ b/mergetools/p4merge
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
 diff_cmd () {
+	empty_file=
+
 	# p4merge does not like /dev/null
-	rm_local=
-	rm_remote=
 	if test "/dev/null" = "$LOCAL"
 	then
-		LOCAL="./p4merge-dev-null.LOCAL.$$"
-		>"$LOCAL"
-		rm_local=true
+		LOCAL="$(create_empty_file)"
 	fi
 	if test "/dev/null" = "$REMOTE"
 	then
-		REMOTE="./p4merge-dev-null.REMOTE.$$"
-		>"$REMOTE"
-		rm_remote=true
+		REMOTE="$(create_empty_file)"
 	fi
 
 	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 
-	if test -n "$rm_local"
+	if test -n "$empty_file"
 	then
-		rm -f "$LOCAL"
-	fi
-	if test -n "$rm_remote"
-	then
-		rm -f "$REMOTE"
+		rm -f "$empty_file"
 	fi
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	touch "$BACKUP"
-	$base_present || >"$BASE"
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	if ! $base_present
+	then
+		cp -- "$LOCAL" "$BASE"
+		create_virtual_base "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED"
 	check_unchanged
 }
+
+create_empty_file () {
+	empty_file="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/git-difftool-p4merge-empty-file.$$"
+	>"$empty_file"
+
+	printf "%s" "$empty_file"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/tortoisemerge b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
index ed7db49..3b89f1c 100644
--- a/mergetools/tortoisemerge
+++ b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
@@ -6,12 +6,29 @@
 	if $base_present
 	then
 		touch "$BACKUP"
-		"$merge_tool_path" \
-			-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
-			-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		basename="$(basename "$merge_tool_path" .exe)"
+		if test "$basename" = "tortoisegitmerge"
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base "$BASE" -mine "$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs "$REMOTE" -merged "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		fi
 		check_unchanged
 	else
-		echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+		echo "$merge_tool_path cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
 		return 1
 	fi
 }
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type tortoisegitmerge >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo tortoisegitmerge
+	else
+		echo tortoisemerge
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vim b/mergetools/vimdiff
similarity index 68%
rename from mergetools/vim
rename to mergetools/vimdiff
index 619594a..39d0327 100644
--- a/mergetools/vim
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
+	"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
+		-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index d8d25c2..e5b6e1a 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -24,46 +24,105 @@
 {
 	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
 
-	do {
+	while (namelen--) {
 		unsigned char c = *name++;
 		c = icase_hash(c);
 		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	} while (--namelen);
+	}
 	return hash;
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+struct dir_entry {
+	struct dir_entry *next;
+	struct dir_entry *parent;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int namelen;
+};
+
+static struct dir_entry *find_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		const char *name, unsigned int namelen)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	for (dir = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->dir_hash); dir; dir = dir->next)
+		if (dir->namelen == namelen &&
+		    !strncasecmp(dir->ce->name, name, namelen))
+			return dir;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *hash_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, int namelen)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
-	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
+	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored without their
 	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
-	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
-	 * in the cache.
+	 * reach this point, because they are stored
+	 * in index_state.name_hash (as ordinary cache_entries).
 	 *
-	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
-	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
-	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
-	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
-	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the dir_entry merely
+	 * supplies the name of the directory (up to dir_entry.namelen). We
+	 * track the number of 'active' files in a directory in dir_entry.nr,
+	 * so we can tell if the directory is still relevant, e.g. for git
+	 * status. However, if cache_entries are removed, we cannot pinpoint
+	 * an exact cache_entry that's still active. It is very possible that
+	 * multiple dir_entries point to the same cache_entry.
 	 */
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void **pos;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
 
-	const char *ptr = ce->name;
-	while (*ptr) {
-		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-			++ptr;
-		if (*ptr == '/') {
-			++ptr;
-			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-			if (pos) {
-				ce->dir_next = *pos;
-				*pos = ce;
-			}
+	/* get length of parent directory */
+	while (namelen > 0 && !is_dir_sep(ce->name[namelen - 1]))
+		namelen--;
+	if (namelen <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+	namelen--;
+
+	/* lookup existing entry for that directory */
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, ce->name, namelen);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* not found, create it and add to hash table */
+		void **pdir;
+		unsigned int hash = hash_name(ce->name, namelen);
+
+		dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct dir_entry));
+		dir->namelen = namelen;
+		dir->ce = ce;
+
+		pdir = insert_hash(hash, dir, &istate->dir_hash);
+		if (pdir) {
+			dir->next = *pdir;
+			*pdir = dir;
 		}
+
+		/* recursively add missing parent directories */
+		dir->parent = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, namelen);
 	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+static void add_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* Add reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0). */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(dir->nr++))
+		dir = dir->parent;
+}
+
+static void remove_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Release reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0).
+	 *
+	 * Note: we do not remove / free the entry because there's no
+	 * hash.[ch]::remove_hash and dir->next may point to other entries
+	 * that are still valid, so we must not free the memory.
+	 */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && dir->nr && !(--dir->nr))
+		dir = dir->parent;
 }
 
 static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
@@ -74,7 +133,7 @@
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
 		return;
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
-	ce->next = ce->dir_next = NULL;
+	ce->next = NULL;
 	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
 	if (pos) {
@@ -82,8 +141,8 @@
 		*pos = ce;
 	}
 
-	if (ignore_case)
-		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
+	if (ignore_case && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED))
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -92,6 +151,8 @@
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	if (istate->cache_nr)
+		preallocate_hash(&istate->name_hash, istate->cache_nr);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
@@ -99,11 +160,33 @@
 
 void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
+	/* if already hashed, add reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_STATE_MASK)
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
 	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
+/*
+ * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
+ * we won't find it in lookups.
+ *
+ * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
+ * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
+ * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
+ * it.
+ */
+void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/* if already hashed, release reference to directory entries */
+	if (ignore_case && (ce->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK) == CE_HASHED)
+		remove_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
+}
+
 static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
 {
 	if (len1 != len2)
@@ -137,21 +220,32 @@
 	if (!icase)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
-	 * the lengths exactly.
-	 */
-	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
-		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
-
-	/*
-	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
-	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
-	 */
-	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
 }
 
-struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+struct cache_entry *index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, namelen);
+	if (dir && dir->nr)
+		return dir->ce;
+
+	/*
+	 * It might be a submodule. Unlike plain directories, which are stored
+	 * in the dir-hash, submodules are stored in the name-hash, so check
+	 * there, as well.
+	 */
+	ce = index_file_exists(istate, name, namelen, 1);
+	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+		return ce;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
 {
 	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
@@ -164,27 +258,38 @@
 			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
 				return ce;
 		}
-		if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
-			ce = ce->dir_next;
-		else
-			ce = ce->next;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
-	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
-	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
-	 * with their closing slash.
-	 *
-	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
-	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
-	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
-	 * true.
-	 */
-	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
-		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
-		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
-			return ce;
+		ce = ce->next;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+{
+	if (namelen > 0 && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
+		return index_dir_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1);
+	return index_file_exists(istate, name, namelen, icase);
+}
+
+static int free_dir_entry(void *entry, void *unused)
+{
+	struct dir_entry *dir = entry;
+	while (dir) {
+		struct dir_entry *next = dir->next;
+		free(dir);
+		dir = next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+	if (ignore_case)
+		/* free directory entries */
+		for_each_hash(&istate->dir_hash, free_dir_entry, NULL);
+
+	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_hash(&istate->dir_hash);
+}
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index 0f67bd3..94a1a8a 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 struct notes_merge_pair {
 	unsigned char obj[20], base[20], local[20], remote[20];
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->remote));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
 	*num_changes = len;
 	return changes;
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->local));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 }
 
 static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
@@ -530,32 +531,6 @@
 	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
 }
 
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-
-	assert(t->initialized);
-
-	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
-		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
-
-	if (!parents) {
-		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
-		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
-			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
-			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
-				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
-			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
-		}
-		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
-	}
-
-	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
-		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
-}
-
 int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
 		unsigned char *result_sha1)
diff --git a/notes-merge.h b/notes-merge.h
index 0c11b17..1d01f6a 100644
--- a/notes-merge.h
+++ b/notes-merge.h
@@ -26,20 +26,6 @@
 void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o);
 
 /*
- * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
- *
- * Properties of the created commit:
- * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
- * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
- * - author/committer: the default determined by commmit_tree().
- * - commit message: msg
- *
- * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
- */
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
-
-/*
  * Merge notes from o->remote_ref into o->local_ref
  *
  * The given notes_tree 'local_tree' must be the notes_tree referenced by the
diff --git a/notes-utils.c b/notes-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9107c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	assert(t->initialized);
+
+	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
+		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
+
+	if (!parents) {
+		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
+		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
+		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
+			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
+				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
+			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		}
+		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
+		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
+}
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+
+	if (!t)
+		t = &default_notes_tree;
+	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
+		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
+	if (!t->dirty)
+		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
+
+	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
+	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
+
+	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
+	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
+	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
+		return combine_notes_overwrite;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
+		return combine_notes_ignore;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
+		return combine_notes_concatenate;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
+	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
+		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
+		if (!v)
+			config_error_nonbool(k);
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
+		if (!c->combine) {
+			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
+		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
+		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
+		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
+			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
+		else
+			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
+				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
+	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+	c->cmd = cmd;
+	c->enabled = 1;
+	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
+	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+	c->refs_from_env = 0;
+	c->mode_from_env = 0;
+	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
+		c->mode_from_env = 1;
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
+		if (!c->combine)
+			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
+			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
+					rewrite_mode_env);
+	}
+	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
+		c->refs_from_env = 1;
+		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
+	}
+	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
+	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
+		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+		free(c->refs);
+		free(c);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
+	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+	free(c->refs);
+	return c;
+}
+
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
+		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
+		commit_notes(c->trees[i], msg);
+		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
+	}
+	free(c->trees);
+	free(c);
+}
diff --git a/notes-utils.h b/notes-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..564e30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_UTILS_H
+#define NOTES_UTILS_H
+
+#include "notes.h"
+
+/*
+ * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
+ *
+ * Properties of the created commit:
+ * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
+ * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
+ * - author/committer: the default determined by commit_tree().
+ * - commit message: msg
+ *
+ * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
+ */
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
+	struct notes_tree **trees;
+	const char *cmd;
+	int enabled;
+	combine_notes_fn combine;
+	struct string_list *refs;
+	int refs_from_env;
+	int mode_from_env;
+};
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index ee8f01f..b69c0b8 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -848,15 +848,16 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
+/*
+ * Add the lines from the named object to list, with trailing
+ * newlines removed.
+ */
+static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *list,
 				      const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *data;
 	unsigned long len;
 	enum object_type t;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines = NULL;
-	int i, list_index;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return 0;
@@ -868,24 +869,14 @@
 		return t != OBJ_BLOB || !data;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, data, len, len + 1);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-
-	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++) {
-		if (lines[i]->buf[lines[i]->len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(lines[i], lines[i]->len - 1);
-		if (!lines[i]->len)
-			continue; /* skip empty lines */
-		list_index = string_list_find_insert_index(sort_uniq_list,
-							   lines[i]->buf, 0);
-		if (list_index < 0)
-			continue; /* skip duplicate lines */
-		string_list_insert_at_index(sort_uniq_list, list_index,
-					    lines[i]->buf);
-	}
-
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	/*
+	 * If the last line of the file is EOL-terminated, this will
+	 * add an empty string to the list.  But it will be removed
+	 * later, along with any empty strings that came from empty
+	 * lines within the file.
+	 */
+	string_list_split(list, data, '\n', -1);
+	free(data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -901,7 +892,7 @@
 int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
 {
-	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 1;
 
@@ -910,6 +901,9 @@
 		goto out;
 	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, new_sha1))
 		goto out;
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
+	sort_string_list(&sort_uniq_list);
+	string_list_remove_duplicates(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
 
 	/* create a new blob object from sort_uniq_list */
 	if (for_each_string_list(&sort_uniq_list,
@@ -924,17 +918,21 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 				   int flag, void *cb)
 {
 	struct string_list *refs = cb;
-	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, path))
-		string_list_append(refs, path);
+	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, refname))
+		string_list_append(refs, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The list argument must have strdup_strings set on it.
+ */
 void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 {
+	assert(list->strdup_strings);
 	if (has_glob_specials(glob)) {
 		for_each_glob_ref(string_list_add_one_ref, glob, list);
 	} else {
@@ -949,23 +947,18 @@
 void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 					 const char *globs)
 {
-	struct strbuf globbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **split;
+	struct string_list split = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *globs_copy = xstrdup(globs);
 	int i;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&globbuf, globs);
-	split = strbuf_split(&globbuf, ':');
+	string_list_split_in_place(&split, globs_copy, ':', -1);
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&split, 0);
 
-	for (i = 0; split[i]; i++) {
-		if (!split[i]->len)
-			continue;
-		if (split[i]->buf[split[i]->len-1] == ':')
-			strbuf_setlen(split[i], split[i]->len-1);
-		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split[i]->buf);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < split.nr; i++)
+		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split.items[i].string);
 
-	strbuf_list_free(split);
-	strbuf_release(&globbuf);
+	string_list_clear(&split, 0);
+	free(globs_copy);
 }
 
 static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -1204,10 +1197,11 @@
  * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
  * used instead.
  *
- * 'flags' is a bitwise combination of the flags for format_display_notes.
+ * (raw != 0) gives the %N userformat; otherwise, the note message is given
+ * for human consumption.
  */
 static void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+			struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -1244,7 +1238,7 @@
 	if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
 		msglen--;
 
-	if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER) {
+	if (!raw) {
 		const char *ref = t->ref;
 		if (!ref || !strcmp(ref, GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF)) {
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
@@ -1260,7 +1254,7 @@
 	for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
 		linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
 
-		if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+		if (!raw)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
 		strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
@@ -1270,13 +1264,13 @@
 }
 
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(display_notes_trees);
 	for (i = 0; display_notes_trees[i]; i++)
 		format_note(display_notes_trees[i], object_sha1, sb,
-			    output_encoding, flags);
+			    output_encoding, raw);
 }
 
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index 3592b19..2a3f923 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
  * variable is used, and if that is missing, the default notes ref is used
  * ("refs/notes/commits").
  *
- * If you need to re-intialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
+ * If you need to re-initialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
  * one notes ref to another), you must first de-initialize the notes_tree
  * structure by calling free_notes(struct notes_tree *).
  *
@@ -237,10 +237,6 @@
  */
 void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t);
 
-/* Flags controlling how notes are formatted */
-#define NOTES_SHOW_HEADER 1
-#define NOTES_INDENT 2
-
 struct string_list;
 
 struct display_notes_opt {
@@ -274,7 +270,7 @@
  * You *must* call init_display_notes() before using this function.
  */
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw);
 
 /*
  * Load the notes tree from each ref listed in 'refs'.  The output is
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 4af3451..584f7ac 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -43,16 +43,17 @@
 	die("invalid object type \"%s\"", str);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_obj(struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+static unsigned int hash_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int n)
 {
 	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	/* Assumes power-of-2 hash sizes in grow_object_hash */
+	return hash & (n - 1);
 }
 
 static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
 {
-	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj, size);
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj->sha1, size);
 
 	while (hash[j]) {
 		j++;
@@ -62,22 +63,15 @@
 	hash[j] = obj;
 }
 
-static unsigned int hashtable_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	memcpy(&i, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return i % obj_hash_size;
-}
-
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int i, first;
 	struct object *obj;
 
 	if (!obj_hash)
 		return NULL;
 
-	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
+	first = i = hash_obj(sha1, obj_hash_size);
 	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
 		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
 			break;
@@ -85,12 +79,26 @@
 		if (i == obj_hash_size)
 			i = 0;
 	}
+	if (obj && i != first) {
+		/*
+		 * Move object to where we started to look for it so
+		 * that we do not need to walk the hash table the next
+		 * time we look for it.
+		 */
+		struct object *tmp = obj_hash[i];
+		obj_hash[i] = obj_hash[first];
+		obj_hash[first] = tmp;
+	}
 	return obj;
 }
 
 static void grow_object_hash(void)
 {
 	int i;
+	/*
+	 * Note that this size must always be power-of-2 to match hash_obj
+	 * above.
+	 */
 	int new_hash_size = obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * obj_hash_size;
 	struct object **new_hash;
 
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@
 struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
-	int eaten = 0;
+	*eaten_p = 0;
 
 	obj = NULL;
 	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@
 			if (!tree->object.parsed) {
 				if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
 					return NULL;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 		}
 	} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@
 				return NULL;
 			if (!commit->buffer) {
 				commit->buffer = buffer;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 			obj = &commit->object;
 		}
@@ -181,10 +189,19 @@
 	}
 	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_NONE)
 		obj->type = type;
-	*eaten_p = eaten;
 	return obj;
 }
 
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (o)
+		return o;
+
+	die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
@@ -245,16 +262,21 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
-{
-	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
-}
+/*
+ * A zero-length string to which object_array_entry::name can be
+ * initialized without requiring a malloc/free.
+ */
+static char object_array_slopbuf[1];
 
-void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
+static void add_object_array_with_mode_context(struct object *obj, const char *name,
+					       struct object_array *array,
+					       unsigned mode,
+					       struct object_context *context)
 {
 	unsigned nr = array->nr;
 	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	struct object_array_entry *entry;
 
 	if (nr >= alloc) {
 		alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
@@ -262,28 +284,86 @@
 		array->alloc = alloc;
 		array->objects = objects;
 	}
-	objects[nr].item = obj;
-	objects[nr].name = name;
-	objects[nr].mode = mode;
+	entry = &objects[nr];
+	entry->item = obj;
+	if (!name)
+		entry->name = NULL;
+	else if (!*name)
+		/* Use our own empty string instead of allocating one: */
+		entry->name = object_array_slopbuf;
+	else
+		entry->name = xstrdup(name);
+	entry->mode = mode;
+	entry->context = context;
 	array->nr = ++nr;
 }
 
+void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
+{
+	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
+}
+
+void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
+{
+	add_object_array_with_mode_context(obj, name, array, mode, NULL);
+}
+
+void add_object_array_with_context(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, struct object_context *context)
+{
+	if (context)
+		add_object_array_with_mode_context(obj, name, array, context->mode, context);
+	else
+		add_object_array_with_mode_context(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID, context);
+}
+
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src, dst;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&objects[src], cb_data)) {
+			if (src != dst)
+				objects[dst] = objects[src];
+			dst++;
+		} else {
+			if (objects[src].name != object_array_slopbuf)
+				free(objects[src].name);
+		}
+	}
+	array->nr = dst;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff array already contains an entry with name.
+ */
+static int contains_name(struct object_array *array, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, i;
+	struct object_array_entry *object = array->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++, object++)
+		if (!strcmp(object->name, name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
 {
-	unsigned int ref, src, dst;
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
 
-	for (ref = 0; ref + 1 < array->nr; ref++) {
-		for (src = ref + 1, dst = src;
-		     src < array->nr;
-		     src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(objects[ref].name, objects[src].name))
-				continue;
-			if (src != dst)
-				objects[dst] = objects[src];
-			dst++;
+	array->nr = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (!contains_name(array, objects[src].name)) {
+			if (src != array->nr)
+				objects[array->nr] = objects[src];
+			array->nr++;
+		} else {
+			if (objects[src].name != object_array_slopbuf)
+				free(objects[src].name);
 		}
-		array->nr = dst;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index 6a97b6b..dc5df8c 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@
 	unsigned int alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry {
 		struct object *item;
-		const char *name;
+		/*
+		 * name or NULL.  If non-NULL, the memory pointed to
+		 * is owned by this object *except* if it points at
+		 * object_array_slopbuf, which is a static copy of the
+		 * empty string.
+		 */
+		char *name;
 		unsigned mode;
+		struct object_context *context;
 	} *objects;
 };
 
@@ -54,9 +61,20 @@
 
 extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
 
-/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+/*
+ * Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the object is missing or corrupt.
+ */
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Like parse_object, but will die() instead of returning NULL. If the
+ * "name" parameter is not NULL, it is included in the error message
+ * (otherwise, the sha1 hex is given).
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name);
+
 /* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
  * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
  * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
@@ -74,7 +92,23 @@
 /* Object array handling .. */
 void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array);
 void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode);
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *);
+void add_object_array_with_context(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, struct object_context *context);
+
+typedef int (*object_array_each_func_t)(struct object_array_entry *, void *);
+
+/*
+ * Apply want to each entry in array, retaining only the entries for
+ * which the function returns true.  Preserve the order of the entries
+ * that are retained.
+ */
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove from array all but the first entry with a given name.
+ * Warning: this function uses an O(N^2) algorithm.
+ */
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array);
 
 void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags);
 
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f09a054..0000000
--- a/pack-refs.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "refs.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
-
-struct ref_to_prune {
-	struct ref_to_prune *next;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-};
-
-struct pack_refs_cb_data {
-	unsigned int flags;
-	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
-	FILE *refs_file;
-};
-
-static int do_not_prune(int flags)
-{
-	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
-	 * do not prune it.
-	 */
-	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
-}
-
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
-	int is_tag_ref;
-
-	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
-	if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-	is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-
-	/* ALWAYS pack refs that were already packed or are tags */
-	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref && !(flags & REF_ISPACKED))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	if (is_tag_ref) {
-		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
-			if (o)
-				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
-		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
-		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
-		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
-		strcpy(n->name, path);
-		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
-		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
- * Note: munges *name.
- */
-static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
-{
-	char *p, *q;
-	int i;
-	p = name;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
-		while (*p && *p != '/')
-			p++;
-		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
-		while (*p == '/')
-			p++;
-	}
-	for (q = p; *q; q++)
-		;
-	while (1) {
-		while (q > p && *q != '/')
-			q--;
-		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
-			q--;
-		if (q == p)
-			break;
-		*q = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
-static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
-
-	if (lock) {
-		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
-	}
-}
-
-static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	while (r) {
-		prune_ref(r);
-		r = r->next;
-	}
-}
-
-static struct lock_file packed;
-
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
-{
-	int fd;
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
-
-	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
-	cbdata.flags = flags;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
-	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
-		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
-
-	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
-
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
-	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	if (fflush(cbdata.refs_file) || fsync(fd) || fclose(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die_errno("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed and then fclose()'ed above,
-	 * assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	packed.fd = -1;
-	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
-	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/pack-refs.h b/pack-refs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 518acfb..0000000
--- a/pack-refs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PACK_REFS_H
-#define PACK_REFS_H
-
-/*
- * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
- * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
- * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
- */
-#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
-#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
-
-/*
- * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
- * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
- */
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
-
-#endif /* PACK_REFS_H */
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
index 77a0465..b4d2b35 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.c
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -59,11 +59,101 @@
 	/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
 }
 
-static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * This is a least-significant-digit radix sort.
+ *
+ * It sorts each of the "n" items in "entries" by its offset field. The "max"
+ * parameter must be at least as large as the largest offset in the array,
+ * and lets us quit the sort early.
+ */
+static void sort_revindex(struct revindex_entry *entries, unsigned n, off_t max)
 {
-	const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
-	const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
-	return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+	/*
+	 * We use a "digit" size of 16 bits. That keeps our memory
+	 * usage reasonable, and we can generally (for a 4G or smaller
+	 * packfile) quit after two rounds of radix-sorting.
+	 */
+#define DIGIT_SIZE (16)
+#define BUCKETS (1 << DIGIT_SIZE)
+	/*
+	 * We want to know the bucket that a[i] will go into when we are using
+	 * the digit that is N bits from the (least significant) end.
+	 */
+#define BUCKET_FOR(a, i, bits) (((a)[(i)].offset >> (bits)) & (BUCKETS-1))
+
+	/*
+	 * We need O(n) temporary storage. Rather than do an extra copy of the
+	 * partial results into "entries", we sort back and forth between the
+	 * real array and temporary storage. In each iteration of the loop, we
+	 * keep track of them with alias pointers, always sorting from "from"
+	 * to "to".
+	 */
+	struct revindex_entry *tmp = xmalloc(n * sizeof(*tmp));
+	struct revindex_entry *from = entries, *to = tmp;
+	int bits;
+	unsigned *pos = xmalloc(BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+	/*
+	 * If (max >> bits) is zero, then we know that the radix digit we are
+	 * on (and any higher) will be zero for all entries, and our loop will
+	 * be a no-op, as everybody lands in the same zero-th bucket.
+	 */
+	for (bits = 0; max >> bits; bits += DIGIT_SIZE) {
+		struct revindex_entry *swap;
+		unsigned i;
+
+		memset(pos, 0, BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+		/*
+		 * We want pos[i] to store the index of the last element that
+		 * will go in bucket "i" (actually one past the last element).
+		 * To do this, we first count the items that will go in each
+		 * bucket, which gives us a relative offset from the last
+		 * bucket. We can then cumulatively add the index from the
+		 * previous bucket to get the true index.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]++;
+		for (i = 1; i < BUCKETS; i++)
+			pos[i] += pos[i-1];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now we can drop the elements into their correct buckets (in
+		 * our temporary array).  We iterate the pos counter backwards
+		 * to avoid using an extra index to count up. And since we are
+		 * going backwards there, we must also go backwards through the
+		 * array itself, to keep the sort stable.
+		 *
+		 * Note that we use an unsigned iterator to make sure we can
+		 * handle 2^32-1 objects, even on a 32-bit system. But this
+		 * means we cannot use the more obvious "i >= 0" loop condition
+		 * for counting backwards, and must instead check for
+		 * wrap-around with UINT_MAX.
+		 */
+		for (i = n - 1; i != UINT_MAX; i--)
+			to[--pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]] = from[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now "to" contains the most sorted list, so we swap "from" and
+		 * "to" for the next iteration.
+		 */
+		swap = from;
+		from = to;
+		to = swap;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we ended with our data in the original array, great. If not,
+	 * we have to move it back from the temporary storage.
+	 */
+	if (from != entries)
+		memcpy(entries, tmp, n * sizeof(*entries));
+	free(tmp);
+	free(pos);
+
+#undef BUCKET_FOR
+#undef BUCKETS
+#undef DIGIT_SIZE
 }
 
 /*
@@ -72,8 +162,8 @@
 static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p = rix->p;
-	int num_ent = p->num_objects;
-	int i;
+	unsigned num_ent = p->num_objects;
+	unsigned i;
 	const char *index = p->index_data;
 
 	rix->revindex = xmalloc(sizeof(*rix->revindex) * (num_ent + 1));
@@ -108,13 +198,13 @@
 	 */
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
-	qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+	sort_revindex(rix->revindex, num_ent, p->pack_size);
 }
 
 struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 {
 	int num;
-	int lo, hi;
+	unsigned lo, hi;
 	struct pack_revindex *rix;
 	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
 
@@ -132,7 +222,7 @@
 	lo = 0;
 	hi = p->num_objects + 1;
 	do {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		unsigned mi = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
 		if (revindex[mi].offset == ofs) {
 			return revindex + mi;
 		} else if (ofs < revindex[mi].offset)
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 4dcb08d..fa19765 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -6,26 +6,17 @@
 #define DEFAULT_PAGER "less"
 #endif
 
+struct pager_config {
+	const char *cmd;
+	int want;
+	char *value;
+};
+
 /*
  * This is split up from the rest of git so that we can do
  * something different on Windows.
  */
 
-#ifndef WIN32
-static void pager_preexec(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Work around bug in "less" by not starting it until we
-	 * have real input
-	 */
-	fd_set in;
-
-	FD_ZERO(&in);
-	FD_SET(0, &in);
-	select(1, &in, NULL, &in, NULL);
-}
-#endif
-
 static const char *pager_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
 static struct child_process pager_process;
 
@@ -63,7 +54,7 @@
 		pager = getenv("PAGER");
 	if (!pager)
 		pager = DEFAULT_PAGER;
-	else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
+	if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
 		pager = NULL;
 
 	return pager;
@@ -93,9 +84,6 @@
 		static const char *env[] = { "LESS=FRSX", NULL };
 		pager_process.env = env;
 	}
-#ifndef WIN32
-	pager_process.preexec_cb = pager_preexec;
-#endif
 	if (start_command(&pager_process))
 		return;
 
@@ -159,3 +147,31 @@
 		i *= 10;
 	return width;
 }
+
+static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct pager_config *c = data;
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
+		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
+		if (b >= 0)
+			c->want = b;
+		else {
+			c->want = 1;
+			c->value = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
+int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct pager_config c;
+	c.cmd = cmd;
+	c.want = -1;
+	c.value = NULL;
+	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
+	if (c.value)
+		pager_program = c.value;
+	return c.want;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 0de5fb1..be8c413 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	return parse_expiry_date(arg, (unsigned long *)opt->value);
+}
+
 int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			    int unset)
 {
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index c1c66bd..62e9b1c 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			       const char * const *usagestr,
@@ -18,15 +19,6 @@
 	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
 }
 
-int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
-		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
-	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
-		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-}
-
 static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		   int flags, const char **arg)
 {
@@ -51,8 +43,42 @@
 	*file = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), *file));
 }
 
+static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
+				  const struct option *all_opts,
+				  int flags)
+{
+	const struct option *that;
+	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the other option that was used to set the variable
+	 * already, and report that this is not compatible with it.
+	 */
+	for (that = all_opts; that->type != OPTION_END; that++) {
+		if (that == opt ||
+		    that->type != OPTION_CMDMODE ||
+		    that->value != opt->value ||
+		    that->defval != *(int *)opt->value)
+			continue;
+
+		if (that->long_name)
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&message, ": incompatible with %s", that_name.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&that_name);
+		opterror(opt, message.buf, flags);
+		strbuf_release(&message);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return opterror(opt, ": incompatible with something else", flags);
+}
+
 static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
-		     const struct option *opt, int flags)
+		     const struct option *opt,
+		     const struct option *all_opts,
+		     int flags)
 {
 	const char *s, *arg;
 	const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
@@ -91,6 +117,16 @@
 		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
+	case OPTION_CMDMODE:
+		/*
+		 * Giving the same mode option twice, although is unnecessary,
+		 * is not a grave error, so let it pass.
+		 */
+		if (*(int *)opt->value && *(int *)opt->value != opt->defval)
+			return opt_command_mode_error(opt, all_opts, flags);
+		*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
 	case OPTION_SET_PTR:
 		*(void **)opt->value = unset ? NULL : (void *)opt->defval;
 		return 0;
@@ -151,12 +187,13 @@
 
 static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const struct option *numopt = NULL;
 
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
 			p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -185,6 +222,7 @@
 static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
                           const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const char *arg_end = strchr(arg, '=');
 	const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
 	int abbrev_flags = 0, ambiguous_flags = 0;
@@ -261,7 +299,7 @@
 				continue;
 			p->opt = rest + 1;
 		}
-		return get_value(p, options, flags ^ opt_flags);
+		return get_value(p, options, all_opts, flags ^ opt_flags);
 	}
 
 	if (ambiguous_option)
@@ -273,18 +311,20 @@
 			(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
 			abbrev_option->long_name);
 	if (abbrev_option)
-		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, abbrev_flags);
+		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, all_opts, abbrev_flags);
 	return -2;
 }
 
 static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 			    const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
 	return -2;
 }
@@ -470,8 +510,11 @@
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
 		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
 			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
-		} else {
+		} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
 			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'",
+			      ctx.argv[0]);
 		}
 		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 	}
@@ -491,7 +534,7 @@
 			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
 	else
 		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
-	return fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
+	return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
 }
 
 #define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
@@ -550,7 +593,7 @@
 		if (opts->long_name)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
+			pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
 
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
 		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -594,3 +637,12 @@
 	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, opts, 0, err);
 }
 
+#undef opterror
+int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 71a39c6..8736006 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 	OPTION_COUNTUP,
 	OPTION_SET_INT,
 	OPTION_SET_PTR,
+	OPTION_CMDMODE,
 	/* options with arguments (usually) */
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
@@ -21,9 +22,6 @@
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPTION_BOOLEAN OPTION_COUNTUP
-
 enum parse_opt_flags {
 	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH = 1,
 	PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION = 2,
@@ -128,8 +126,12 @@
 #define OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_BOOL(s, l, v, h)        OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, 1)
+#define OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(s, l, v, h) { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1}
 #define OPT_SET_PTR(s, l, v, h, p)  { OPTION_SET_PTR, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (p) }
+#define OPT_CMDMODE(s, l, v, h, i) { OPTION_CMDMODE, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG|PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), N_("n"), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING(s, l, v, a, h)   { OPTION_STRING,  (s), (l), (v), (a), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING_LIST(s, l, v, a, h) \
@@ -140,6 +142,9 @@
 #define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("time"),(h), 0,	\
 	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
+#define OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("expiry date"),(h), 0,	\
+	  parse_opt_expiry_date_cb }
 #define OPT_CALLBACK(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), 0, (f) }
 #define OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(v, h, f) \
@@ -177,6 +182,10 @@
 
 extern int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason);
 extern int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ! defined(__clang__)
+#define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), -1)
+#endif
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -215,6 +224,7 @@
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index cbbdf7d..24594c4 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /*
- * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
- * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
- * interface for paths.
- *
- * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
- * useful for doing things like
- *
- *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
- *
- * which is what it's designed for.
+ * Utilities for paths and pathnames
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
 
@@ -388,28 +389,14 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+static int calc_shared_perm(int mode)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+	int tweak;
 
-	if (!shared_repository) {
-		if (mode)
-			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!mode) {
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		mode = st.st_mode;
-		orig_mode = mode;
-	} else
-		orig_mode = 0;
 	if (shared_repository < 0)
-		shared = -shared_repository;
+		tweak = -shared_repository;
 	else
-		shared = shared_repository;
-	tweak = shared;
+		tweak = shared_repository;
 
 	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
 		tweak &= ~0222;
@@ -421,55 +408,190 @@
 	else
 		mode |= tweak;
 
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+	return mode;
+}
+
+
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path)
+{
+	int old_mode, new_mode;
+
+	if (!shared_repository)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_st_mode_bits(path, &old_mode) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	new_mode = calc_shared_perm(old_mode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(old_mode)) {
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
-		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
-		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+		new_mode |= (new_mode & 0444) >> 2;
+		new_mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
 	}
 
-	if (((shared_repository < 0
-	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
-	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
-	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+	if (((old_mode ^ new_mode) & ~S_IFMT) &&
+			chmod(path, (new_mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
 		return -2;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
+static int have_same_root(const char *path1, const char *path2)
+{
+	int is_abs1, is_abs2;
+
+	is_abs1 = is_absolute_path(path1);
+	is_abs2 = is_absolute_path(path2);
+	return (is_abs1 && is_abs2 && tolower(path1[0]) == tolower(path2[0])) ||
+	       (!is_abs1 && !is_abs2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Give path as relative to prefix.
+ *
+ * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
+ * returned path.
+ */
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int in_len = in ? strlen(in) : 0;
+	int prefix_len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int in_off = 0;
+	int prefix_off = 0;
+	int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+	if (!in_len)
+		return "./";
+	else if (!prefix_len)
+		return in;
+
+	if (have_same_root(in, prefix)) {
+		/* bypass dos_drive, for "c:" is identical to "C:" */
+		if (has_dos_drive_prefix(in)) {
+			i = 2;
+			j = 2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	while (i < prefix_len && j < in_len && prefix[i] == in[j]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			prefix_off = i;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			i++;
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (
+	    /* "prefix" seems like prefix of "in" */
+	    i >= prefix_len &&
+	    /*
+	     * but "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar"
+	     * (i.e. prefix not end with '/')
+	     */
+	    prefix_off < prefix_len) {
+		if (j >= in_len) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b" */
+			in_off = in_len;
+		} else if (is_dir_sep(in[j])) {
+			/* in="/a/b/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			/* in="/a/bbb/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			i = prefix_off;
+		}
+	} else if (
+		   /* "in" is short than "prefix" */
+		   j >= in_len &&
+		   /* "in" not end with '/' */
+		   in_off < in_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b/c/" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			in_off = in_len;
+		}
+	}
+	in += in_off;
+	in_len -= in_off;
+
+	if (i >= prefix_len) {
+		if (!in_len)
+			return "./";
+		else
+			return in;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	strbuf_grow(sb, in_len);
+
+	while (i < prefix_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (!is_dir_sep(prefix[prefix_len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, in);
+
+	return sb->buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simpler implementation of relative_path
+ *
+ * Get relative path by removing "prefix" from "in". This function
+ * first appears in v1.5.6-1-g044bbbc, and makes git_dir shorter
+ * to increase performance when traversing the path to work_tree.
+ */
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
 	int i = 0, j = 0;
 
-	if (!base || !base[0])
-		return abs;
-	while (base[i]) {
-		if (is_dir_sep(base[i])) {
-			if (!is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
-				return abs;
-			while (is_dir_sep(base[i]))
+	if (!prefix || !prefix[0])
+		return in;
+	while (prefix[i]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			if (!is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				return in;
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
 				i++;
-			while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 				j++;
 			continue;
-		} else if (abs[j] != base[i]) {
-			return abs;
+		} else if (in[j] != prefix[i]) {
+			return in;
 		}
 		i++;
 		j++;
 	}
 	if (
 	    /* "/foo" is a prefix of "/foo" */
-	    abs[j] &&
+	    in[j] &&
 	    /* "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar" */
-	    !is_dir_sep(base[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(abs[j])
+	    !is_dir_sep(prefix[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(in[j])
 	   )
-		return abs;
-	while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+		return in;
+	while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 		j++;
-	if (!abs[j])
+	if (!in[j])
 		strcpy(buf, ".");
 	else
-		strcpy(buf, abs + j);
+		strcpy(buf, in + j);
 	return buf;
 }
 
@@ -486,8 +608,14 @@
  *
  * Note that this function is purely textual.  It does not follow symlinks,
  * verify the existence of the path, or make any system calls.
+ *
+ * prefix_len != NULL is for a specific case of prefix_pathspec():
+ * assume that src == dst and src[0..prefix_len-1] is already
+ * normalized, any time "../" eats up to the prefix_len part,
+ * prefix_len is reduced. In the end prefix_len is the remaining
+ * prefix that has not been overridden by user pathspec.
  */
-int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len)
 {
 	char *dst0;
 
@@ -562,50 +690,52 @@
 		/* Windows: dst[-1] cannot be backslash anymore */
 		while (dst0 < dst && dst[-1] != '/')
 			dst--;
+		if (prefix_len && *prefix_len > dst - dst0)
+			*prefix_len = dst - dst0;
 	}
 	*dst = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	return normalize_path_copy_len(dst, src, NULL);
+}
+
 /*
  * path = Canonical absolute path
- * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ * prefixes = string_list containing normalized, absolute paths without
+ * trailing slashes (except for the root directory, which is denoted by "/").
  *
- * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * Determines, for each path in prefixes, whether the "prefix"
  * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
  * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
- * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
- * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefixes is
+ * ["/"].) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
  * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
  * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
- * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ * allowed.
  */
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes)
 {
-	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *ceil, *colon;
-	int len, max_len = -1;
+	int i, max_len = -1;
 
-	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/"))
 		return -1;
 
-	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
-		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
-		len = colon - ceil;
-		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
-			continue;
-		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
-		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buf);
-		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
-			buf[--len] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *ceil = prefixes->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(ceil);
 
-		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
-		    path[len] == '/' &&
-		    len > max_len) {
+		if (len == 1 && ceil[0] == '/')
+			len = 0; /* root matches anything, with length 0 */
+		else if (!strncmp(path, ceil, len) && path[len] == '/')
+			; /* match of length len */
+		else
+			continue; /* no match */
+
+		if (len > max_len)
 			max_len = len;
-		}
 	}
 
 	return max_len;
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87b3b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * For each pathspec, sets the corresponding entry in the seen[] array
+ * (which should be specs items long, i.e. the same size as pathspec)
+ * to the nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) match found for
+ * that pathspec in the index, if it was a closer type of match than
+ * the existing entry.  As an optimization, matching is skipped
+ * altogether if seen[] already only contains non-zero entries.
+ *
+ * If seen[] has not already been written to, it may make sense
+ * to use find_pathspecs_matching_against_index() instead.
+ */
+void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+					char *seen)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * This is a one-shot wrapper around add_pathspec_matches_against_index()
+ * which allocates, populates, and returns a seen[] array indicating the
+ * nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) matches which each of the
+ * given pathspecs achieves against all items in the index.
+ */
+char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
+	return seen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Magic pathspec
+ *
+ * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
+ *
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
+ *
+ */
+
+static struct pathspec_magic {
+	unsigned bit;
+	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
+	const char *name;
+} pathspec_magic[] = {
+	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_LITERAL,   0, "literal" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_GLOB,   '\0', "glob" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE,  '\0', "icase" },
+};
+
+/*
+ * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
+ * Append the result to the prefix. Return the magic bitmap.
+ *
+ * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
+ * "top" magic.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
+ * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
+ * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
+ * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
+ * string cannot express such a case.
+ */
+static unsigned prefix_pathspec(struct pathspec_item *item,
+				unsigned *p_short_magic,
+				const char **raw, unsigned flags,
+				const char *prefix, int prefixlen,
+				const char *elt)
+{
+	static int literal_global = -1;
+	static int glob_global = -1;
+	static int noglob_global = -1;
+	static int icase_global = -1;
+	unsigned magic = 0, short_magic = 0, global_magic = 0;
+	const char *copyfrom = elt, *long_magic_end = NULL;
+	char *match;
+	int i, pathspec_prefix = -1;
+
+	if (literal_global < 0)
+		literal_global = git_env_bool(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (literal_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	if (glob_global < 0)
+		glob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (glob_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	if (noglob_global < 0)
+		noglob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+
+	if (glob_global && noglob_global)
+		die(_("global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"));
+
+
+	if (icase_global < 0)
+		icase_global = git_env_bool(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (icase_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_ICASE;
+
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) &&
+	    (global_magic & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		die(_("global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible "
+		      "with all other global pathspec settings"));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)
+		global_magic = 0;
+
+	if (elt[0] != ':' || literal_global ||
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)) {
+		; /* nothing to do */
+	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
+		/* longhand */
+		const char *nextat;
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
+		     copyfrom = nextat) {
+			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
+			if (copyfrom[len] == ',')
+				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
+			else
+				/* handle ')' and '\0' */
+				nextat = copyfrom + len;
+			if (!len)
+				continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
+				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
+					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (!prefixcmp(copyfrom, "prefix:")) {
+					char *endptr;
+					pathspec_prefix = strtol(copyfrom + 7,
+								 &endptr, 10);
+					if (endptr - copyfrom != len)
+						die(_("invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"));
+					/* "i" would be wrong, but it does not matter */
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"),
+				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom != ')')
+			die(_("Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"), elt);
+		long_magic_end = copyfrom;
+		copyfrom++;
+	} else {
+		/* shorthand */
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
+		     copyfrom++) {
+			char ch = *copyfrom;
+
+			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
+				break;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
+					short_magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"),
+				    ch, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom == ':')
+			copyfrom++;
+	}
+
+	magic |= short_magic;
+	*p_short_magic = short_magic;
+
+	/* --noglob-pathspec adds :(literal) _unless_ :(glob) is specified */
+	if (noglob_global && !(magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	/* --glob-pathspec is overridden by :(literal) */
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) && (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		global_magic &= ~PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	magic |= global_magic;
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0 &&
+	    (prefixlen || (prefix && *prefix)))
+		die("BUG: 'prefix' magic is supposed to be used at worktree's root");
+
+	if ((magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) && (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		die(_("%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"), elt);
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = pathspec_prefix;
+	} else if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = 0;
+	} else {
+		match = prefix_path_gently(prefix, prefixlen, &prefixlen, copyfrom);
+		if (!match)
+			die(_("%s: '%s' is outside repository"), elt, copyfrom);
+	}
+	*raw = item->match = match;
+	/*
+	 * Prefix the pathspec (keep all magic) and assign to
+	 * original. Useful for passing to another command.
+	 */
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *start = elt;
+		if (prefixlen && !literal_global) {
+			/* Preserve the actual prefix length of each pattern */
+			if (short_magic)
+				die("BUG: prefixing on short magic is not supported");
+			else if (long_magic_end) {
+				strbuf_add(&sb, start, long_magic_end - start);
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ",prefix:%d", prefixlen);
+				start = long_magic_end;
+			} else {
+				if (*start == ':')
+					start++;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ":(prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_add(&sb, start, copyfrom - start);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, match);
+		item->original = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		item->original = elt;
+	item->len = strlen(item->match);
+	item->prefix = prefixlen;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP) &&
+	    (item->len >= 1 && item->match[item->len - 1] == '/') &&
+	    (i = cache_name_pos(item->match, item->len - 1)) >= 0 &&
+	    S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode)) {
+		item->len--;
+		match[item->len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE)
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
+
+			if (item->len <= ce_len || match[ce_len] != '/' ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, match, ce_len))
+				continue;
+			if (item->len == ce_len + 1) {
+				/* strip trailing slash */
+				item->len--;
+				match[item->len] = '\0';
+			} else
+				die (_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+				     elt, ce_len, ce->name);
+		}
+
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL)
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len;
+	else {
+		item->nowildcard_len = simple_length(item->match);
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < prefixlen)
+			item->nowildcard_len = prefixlen;
+	}
+	item->flags = 0;
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) {
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: should we enable ONESTAR in _GLOB for
+		 * pattern "* * / * . c"?
+		 */
+	} else {
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+		    item->match[item->nowildcard_len] == '*' &&
+		    no_wildcard(item->match + item->nowildcard_len + 1))
+			item->flags |= PATHSPEC_ONESTAR;
+	}
+
+	/* sanity checks, pathspec matchers assume these are sane */
+	assert(item->nowildcard_len <= item->len &&
+	       item->prefix         <= item->len);
+	return magic;
+}
+
+static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+
+	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
+	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
+	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN unsupported_magic(const char *pattern,
+				       unsigned magic,
+				       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, n;
+	for (n = i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+		const struct pathspec_magic *m = pathspec_magic + i;
+		if (!(magic & m->bit))
+			continue;
+		if (sb.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, " ");
+		if (short_magic & m->bit)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%c'", m->mnemonic);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%s'", m->name);
+		n++;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+	 * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+	 * "checkout -p"
+	 */
+	die(_("%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"),
+	    pattern, sb.buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given command line arguments and a prefix, convert the input to
+ * pathspec. die() if any magic in magic_mask is used.
+ */
+void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		    unsigned magic_mask, unsigned flags,
+		    const char *prefix, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *item;
+	const char *entry = argv ? *argv : NULL;
+	int i, n, prefixlen;
+
+	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID)
+		pathspec->magic |= PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH;
+
+	/* No arguments, no prefix -> no pathspec */
+	if (!entry && !prefix)
+		return;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD) &&
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL))
+		die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD and PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL are incompatible");
+
+	/* No arguments with prefix -> prefix pathspec */
+	if (!entry) {
+		static const char *raw[2];
+
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL)
+			return;
+
+		if (!(flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD))
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD requires arguments");
+
+		pathspec->items = item = xmalloc(sizeof(*item));
+		memset(item, 0, sizeof(*item));
+		item->match = prefix;
+		item->original = prefix;
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len = strlen(prefix);
+		item->prefix = item->len;
+		raw[0] = prefix;
+		raw[1] = NULL;
+		pathspec->nr = 1;
+		pathspec->_raw = raw;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	n = 0;
+	while (argv[n])
+		n++;
+
+	pathspec->nr = n;
+	pathspec->items = item = xmalloc(sizeof(*item) * n);
+	pathspec->_raw = argv;
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		unsigned short_magic;
+		entry = argv[i];
+
+		item[i].magic = prefix_pathspec(item + i, &short_magic,
+						argv + i, flags,
+						prefix, prefixlen, entry);
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH) &&
+		    !(magic_mask & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+			item[i].magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+		if (item[i].magic & magic_mask)
+			unsupported_magic(entry,
+					  item[i].magic & magic_mask,
+					  short_magic);
+
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH) &&
+		    has_symlink_leading_path(item[i].match, item[i].len)) {
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), entry);
+		}
+
+		if (item[i].nowildcard_len < item[i].len)
+			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+		pathspec->magic |= item[i].magic;
+	}
+
+
+	if (pathspec->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) {
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER)
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID and PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER are incompatible");
+		qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
+		      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * N.B. get_pathspec() is deprecated in favor of the "struct pathspec"
+ * based interface - see pathspec.c:parse_pathspec().
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  - prefix - a path relative to the root of the working tree
+ *  - pathspec - a list of paths underneath the prefix path
+ *
+ * Iterates over pathspec, prepending each path with prefix,
+ * and return the resulting list.
+ *
+ * If pathspec is empty, return a singleton list containing prefix.
+ *
+ * If pathspec and prefix are both empty, return an empty list.
+ *
+ * This is typically used by built-in commands such as add.c, in order
+ * to normalize argv arguments provided to the built-in into a list of
+ * paths to process, all relative to the root of the working tree.
+ */
+const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct pathspec ps;
+	parse_pathspec(&ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC &
+		       ~(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL),
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, pathspec);
+	return ps._raw;
+}
+
+void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	dst->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->items, src->items,
+	       sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+}
+
+void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	free(pathspec->items);
+	pathspec->items = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75e924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifndef PATHSPEC_H
+#define PATHSPEC_H
+
+/* Pathspec magic */
+#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	(1<<0)
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	(1<<1)
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL	(1<<2)
+#define PATHSPEC_GLOB		(1<<3)
+#define PATHSPEC_ICASE		(1<<4)
+#define PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC	  \
+	(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_LITERAL	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_GLOB		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+
+#define PATHSPEC_ONESTAR 1	/* the pathspec pattern satisfies GFNM_ONESTAR */
+
+struct pathspec {
+	const char **_raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
+	unsigned int recursive:1;
+	unsigned magic;
+	int max_depth;
+	struct pathspec_item {
+		const char *match;
+		const char *original;
+		unsigned magic;
+		int len, prefix;
+		int nowildcard_len;
+		int flags;
+	} *items;
+};
+
+#define GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps, mask) \
+	do { \
+		if ((ps)->magic & ~(mask))	       \
+			die("BUG:%s:%d: unsupported magic %x",	\
+			    __FILE__, __LINE__, (ps)->magic & ~(mask)); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* parse_pathspec flags */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD (1<<0) /* No args means match cwd */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL (1<<1) /* No args means match everything */
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID (1<<2) /* max_depth field is valid */
+/* strip the trailing slash if the given path is a gitlink */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP (1<<3)
+/* die if a symlink is part of the given path's directory */
+#define PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH (1<<4)
+/*
+ * This is like a combination of ..LEADING_PATH and .._SLASH_CHEAP
+ * (but not the same): it strips the trailing slash if the given path
+ * is a gitlink but also checks and dies if gitlink is part of the
+ * leading path (i.e. the given path goes beyond a submodule). It's
+ * safer than _SLASH_CHEAP and also more expensive.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE (1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN (1<<6)
+#define PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER (1<<7)
+/*
+ * For the callers that just need pure paths from somewhere else, not
+ * from command line. Global --*-pathspecs options are ignored. No
+ * magic is parsed in each pathspec either. If PATHSPEC_LITERAL is
+ * allowed, then it will automatically set for every pathspec.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH (1<<8)
+
+extern void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			   unsigned magic_mask,
+			   unsigned flags,
+			   const char *prefix,
+			   const char **args);
+extern void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src);
+extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
+
+static inline int ps_strncmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			     const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strncasecmp(s1, s2, n);
+	else
+		return strncmp(s1, s2, n);
+}
+
+static inline int ps_strcmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+	else
+		return strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+extern char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen);
+extern const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path);
+extern void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif /* PATHSPEC_H */
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index 497f420..204fdc6 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@
                 command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
                 command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
                 version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
-                remote_refs
-                temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
+                remote_refs prompt
+                get_tz_offset
+                credential credential_read credential_write
+                temp_acquire temp_is_locked temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
 
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@
 use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+use Time::Local qw(timegm);
 }
 
 
@@ -267,13 +270,13 @@
 
 	if (not defined wantarray) {
 		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 
 	} elsif (not wantarray) {
 		local $/;
 		my $text = <$fh>;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			# Pepper with the output:
 			my $E = shift;
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@
 		my @lines = <$fh>;
 		defined and chomp for @lines;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			my $E = shift;
 			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@
 	my $line = <$fh>;
 	defined $line and chomp $line;
 	try {
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 		# Pepper with the output:
 		my $E = shift;
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@
 sub command_close_pipe {
 	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
 	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
-	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 }
 
 =item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
@@ -418,7 +421,7 @@
 is:
 
 	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
-	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	print $out "000000000\n";
 	while (<$in>) { ... }
 	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
 
@@ -426,23 +429,26 @@
 currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
 have more complicated structure.
 
+C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> may be C<undef> if they have been closed prior to
+calling this function.  This may be useful in a query-response type of
+commands where caller first writes a query and later reads response, eg:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print $out "000000000\n";
+	close $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, undef, $ctx);
+
+This idiom may prevent potential dead locks caused by data sent to the output
+pipe not being flushed and thus not reaching the executed command.
+
 =cut
 
 sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
 	local $?;
-	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
-	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
-		unless (close $fh) {
-			if ($!) {
-				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
-			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
-				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	my ($self, $pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, (grep { defined } ($in, $out)));
 	waitpid $pid, 0;
-
 	if ($? >> 8) {
 		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
 	}
@@ -512,6 +518,79 @@
 sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
 
 
+=item get_tz_offset ( TIME )
+
+Return the time zone offset from GMT in the form +/-HHMM where HH is
+the number of hours from GMT and MM is the number of minutes.  This is
+the equivalent of what strftime("%z", ...) would provide on a GNU
+platform.
+
+If TIME is not supplied, the current local time is used.
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_tz_offset {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timegm(localtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $gm <=> $t ];
+	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+}
+
+
+=item prompt ( PROMPT , ISPASSWORD  )
+
+Query user C<PROMPT> and return answer from user.
+
+Honours GIT_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS environment variables for querying
+the user. If no *_ASKPASS variable is set or an error occoured,
+the terminal is tried as a fallback.
+If C<ISPASSWORD> is set and true, the terminal disables echo.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prompt {
+	my ($prompt, $isPassword) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+	if (exists $ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret && exists $ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret) {
+		print STDERR $prompt;
+		STDERR->flush;
+		if (defined $isPassword && $isPassword) {
+			require Term::ReadKey;
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+			$ret = '';
+			while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+				last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+				$ret .= $key;
+			}
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+			print STDERR "\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		} else {
+			chomp($ret = <STDIN>);
+		}
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub _prompt {
+	my ($askpass, $prompt) = @_;
+	return unless length $askpass;
+	$prompt =~ s/\n/ /g;
+	my $ret;
+	open my $fh, "-|", $askpass, $prompt or return;
+	$ret = <$fh>;
+	$ret =~ s/[\015\012]//g; # strip \r\n, chomp does not work on all systems (i.e. windows) as expected
+	close ($fh);
+	return $ret;
+}
+
 =item repo_path ()
 
 Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
@@ -890,20 +969,22 @@
 	my $size = $1;
 
 	my $blob;
-	my $bytesRead = 0;
+	my $bytesLeft = $size;
 
 	while (1) {
-		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
 		last unless $bytesLeft;
 
 		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
-		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead);
 		unless (defined($read)) {
 			$self->_close_cat_blob();
 			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
 		}
-
-		$bytesRead += $read;
+		unless (print $fh $blob) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+		}
+		$bytesLeft -= $read;
 	}
 
 	# Skip past the trailing newline.
@@ -918,11 +999,6 @@
 		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
 	}
 
-	unless (print $fh $blob) {
-		$self->_close_cat_blob();
-		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
-	}
-
 	return $size;
 }
 
@@ -948,13 +1024,163 @@
 }
 
 
+=item credential_read( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Reads credential key-value pairs from C<FILEHANDLE>.  Reading stops at EOF or
+when an empty line is encountered.  Each line must be of the form C<key=value>
+with a non-empty key.  Function returns hash with all read values.  Any white
+space (other than new-line character) is preserved.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my ($self, $reader) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my %credential;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		chomp;
+		if ($_ eq '') {
+			last;
+		} elsif (!/^([^=]+)=(.*)$/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("unable to parse git credential data:\n$_");
+		}
+		$credential{$1} = $2;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+=item credential_write( FILEHANDLE, CREDENTIAL_HASHREF )
+
+Writes credential key-value pairs from hash referenced by
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> to C<FILEHANDLE>.  Keys and values cannot contain
+new-lines or NUL bytes characters, and key cannot contain equal signs nor be
+empty (if they do Error::Simple is thrown).  Any white space is preserved.  If
+value for a key is C<undef>, it will be skipped.
+
+If C<'url'> key exists it will be written first.  (All the other key-value
+pairs are written in sorted order but you should not depend on that).  Once
+all lines are written, an empty line is printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my ($self, $writer, $credential) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($key, $value);
+
+	# Check if $credential is valid prior to writing anything
+	while (($key, $value) = each %$credential) {
+		if (!defined $key || !length $key) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key empty or undefined");
+		} elsif ($key =~ /[=\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key contains invalid characters: $key");
+		} elsif (defined $value && $value =~ /[\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential value for key=$key contains invalid characters: $value");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for $key (sort {
+		# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+		return -1 if $a eq 'url';
+		return  1 if $b eq 'url';
+		return $a cmp $b;
+	} keys %$credential) {
+		if (defined $credential->{$key}) {
+			print $writer $key, '=', $credential->{$key}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $writer "\n";
+}
+
+sub _credential_run {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($pid, $reader, $writer, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe('credential', $op);
+
+	credential_write $writer, $credential;
+	close $writer;
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read $reader;
+	}
+	if (<$reader>) {
+		throw Error::Simple("unexpected output from git credential $op response:\n$_\n");
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $reader, undef, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF [, OPERATION ] )
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF, CODE )
+
+Executes C<git credential> for a given set of credentials and specified
+operation.  In both forms C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> needs to be a reference to
+a hash which stores credentials.  Under certain conditions the hash can
+change.
+
+In the first form, C<OPERATION> can be C<'fill'>, C<'approve'> or C<'reject'>,
+and function will execute corresponding C<git credential> sub-command.  If
+it's omitted C<'fill'> is assumed.  In case of C<'fill'> the values stored in
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> will be changed to the ones returned by the C<git
+credential fill> command.  The usual usage would look something like:
+
+	my %cred = (
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	);
+	Git::credential \%cred;
+	if (try_to_authenticate($cred{'username'}, $cred{'password'})) {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'approve';
+		... do more stuff ...
+	} else {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'reject';
+	}
+
+In the second form, C<CODE> needs to be a reference to a subroutine.  The
+function will execute C<git credential fill> to fill the provided credential
+hash, then call C<CODE> with C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> as the sole argument.  If
+C<CODE>'s return value is defined, the function will execute C<git credential
+approve> (if return value yields true) or C<git credential reject> (if return
+value is false).  If the return value is undef, nothing at all is executed;
+this is useful, for example, if the credential could neither be verified nor
+rejected due to an unrelated network error.  The return value is the same as
+what C<CODE> returns.  With this form, the usage might look as follows:
+
+	if (Git::credential {
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!try_to_authenticate($cred->{'username'},
+		                             $cred->{'password'});
+	}) {
+		... do more stuff ...
+	}
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op_or_code) = (_maybe_self(@_), 'fill');
+
+	if ('CODE' eq ref $op_or_code) {
+		_credential_run $credential, 'fill';
+		my $ret = $op_or_code->($credential);
+		if (defined $ret) {
+			_credential_run $credential, $ret ? 'approve' : 'reject';
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	} else {
+		_credential_run $credential, $op_or_code;
+	}
+}
+
 { # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
 
 my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
 
 =item temp_acquire ( NAME )
 
-Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+Attempts to retrieve the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
 associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
 created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
 
@@ -980,6 +1206,35 @@
 	$temp_fd;
 }
 
+=item temp_is_locked ( NAME )
+
+Returns true if the internal lock created by a previous C<temp_acquire()>
+call with C<NAME> is still in effect.
+
+When temp_acquire is called on a C<NAME>, it internally locks the temporary
+file mapped to C<NAME>.  That lock will not be released until C<temp_release()>
+is called with either the original C<NAME> or the L<File::Handle> that was
+returned from the original call to temp_acquire.
+
+Subsequent attempts to call C<temp_acquire()> with the same C<NAME> will fail
+unless there has been an intervening C<temp_release()> call for that C<NAME>
+(or its corresponding L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original
+C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+If true is returned by C<temp_is_locked()> for a C<NAME>, an attempt to
+C<temp_acquire()> the same C<NAME> will cause an error unless
+C<temp_release> is first called on that C<NAME> (or its corresponding
+L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_is_locked {
+	my ($self, $name) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my $temp_fd = \$TEMP_FILEMAP{$name};
+
+	defined $$temp_fd && $$temp_fd->opened && $TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{locked};
+}
+
 =item temp_release ( NAME )
 
 =item temp_release ( FILEHANDLE )
@@ -1039,7 +1294,7 @@
 			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
 		}
 
-		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp::tempfile(
 			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
 			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
 
@@ -1263,12 +1518,12 @@
 		if (not defined $pid) {
 			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
 		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
-			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
-				close STDERR;
-			}
 			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
 				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
 					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			} elsif (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>', '/dev/null')
+					or die "opening /dev/null failed: $!";
 			}
 			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
 		}
@@ -1303,9 +1558,11 @@
 
 # Close pipe to a subprocess.
 sub _cmd_close {
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
-	if (not close $fh) {
-		if ($!) {
+	my $ctx = shift @_;
+	foreach my $fh (@_) {
+		if (close $fh) {
+			# nop
+		} elsif ($!) {
 			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
 			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
 		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
diff --git a/perl/Git/I18N.pm b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
index 40dd897..f889fd6 100644
--- a/perl/Git/I18N.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 
 	print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
 
-	printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+	printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN.pm b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
index 59215fa..5273ee8 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
 use File::Copy qw/copy/;
 use IPC::Open3;
-use Time::Local;
 use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
 use Memoize::Storable;
 use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@
     command_noisy
     command_output_pipe
     command_close_pipe
+    get_tz_offset
 );
 use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
 	fatal
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
 	#
 	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
 	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
-	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))}eg;
 
 	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
 	# /.* becomes /%2E*
@@ -1311,14 +1311,6 @@
 	\@out;
 }
 
-sub get_tz {
-	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
-	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
-	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
-}
-
 # parse_svn_date(DATE)
 # --------------------
 # Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
@@ -1351,7 +1343,7 @@
 			delete $ENV{TZ};
 		}
 
-		my $our_TZ = get_tz();
+		my $our_TZ = get_tz_offset();
 
 		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
 		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
@@ -1501,13 +1493,18 @@
 	my @merged_commit_ranges;
 	# find the tip
 	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		if ($range =~ /[*]$/) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring partial merge in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
 		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
 		$top ||= $bottom;
 		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
 		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
 
 		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
-			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+			warn "W: unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
 				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
 			next;
 		}
@@ -2377,7 +2374,7 @@
 
 sub uri_encode {
 	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
 	$f
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
index 3bbc20a..34e8af9 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@
 sub url_path {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
-		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
+		# characters are taken from subversion/libsvn_subr/path.c
+		$path =~ s#([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./!$&'()*+,-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
 	}
 	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
 }
@@ -303,8 +304,12 @@
 	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
 	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
 	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend (v1.8.5 and below):
+	# store third argument to ->add_file() in a local variable, to make it
+	# have the same lifetime as $fbat
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
 	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
+				$upa, $self->{r});
 	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
 	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
 	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
@@ -322,8 +327,10 @@
 	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
 	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
 	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend, see comment in C() above
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
 	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
+				$upa, $self->{r});
 	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
 	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
 	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
@@ -358,12 +365,12 @@
 			mode_a => $m->{mode_a}, mode_b => '000000',
 			sha1_a => $m->{sha1_a}, sha1_b => '0' x 40,
 			chg => 'D', file_b => $m->{file_b}
-		});
+		}, $deletions);
 		$self->A({
 			mode_a => '000000', mode_b => $m->{mode_b},
 			sha1_a => '0' x 40, sha1_b => $m->{sha1_b},
 			chg => 'A', file_b => $m->{file_b}
-		});
+		}, $deletions);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -498,6 +505,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Editor - commit driver for "git svn set-tree" and dcommit
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
index 046a7a2..10edb27 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package Git::SVN::Fetcher;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs $_placeholder_filename
-            @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder $repo_id/;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_include_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs
+            $_placeholder_filename @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder
+            $repo_id/;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use SVN::Delta;
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@
 	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
 	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
 
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.include-paths";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{include_regex} = $v;
+
 	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
 	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
 	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
@@ -117,11 +122,18 @@
 }
 
 # return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+# This will also check whether the path is explicitly included
 sub is_path_ignored {
 	my ($self, $path) = @_;
 	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
 	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
 	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($self->{include_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{include_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($_include_regex) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$_include_regex!;
+	return 1 if defined($self->{include_regex});
+	return 1 if defined($_include_regex);
 	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
 	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
 	return 0;
@@ -303,11 +315,13 @@
 sub apply_textdelta {
 	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
 	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_delta');
+	my $suffix = 0;
+	++$suffix while $::_repository->temp_is_locked("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
 	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
 	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
 	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
-	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire('git_blob');
+	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_${$}_$suffix");
 
 	if ($fb->{blob}) {
 		my ($base_is_link, $size);
@@ -512,6 +526,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
index 3cc1c6f..3f8350a 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
-use Git qw(command command_oneline command_output_pipe command_close_pipe);
+use Git qw(command
+           command_oneline
+           command_output_pipe
+           command_close_pipe
+           get_tz_offset);
 use POSIX qw/strftime/;
 use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
 use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@
 sub format_svn_date {
 	my $t = shift || time;
 	require Git::SVN;
-	my $gmoff = Git::SVN::get_tz($t);
+	my $gmoff = get_tz_offset($t);
 	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
index 3a6f8af..e940b08 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@
 	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
 	my $choice;
 prompt:
-	print STDERR $may_save ?
+	my $options = $may_save ?
 	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
 	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
 	STDERR->flush;
-	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
-	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
+	$choice = lc(substr(Git::prompt("Certificate problem.\n" . $options) || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice eq 't') {
 		$cred->may_save(undef);
-	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
+	} elsif ($choice eq 'r') {
 		return -1;
-	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice eq 'p') {
 		$cred->may_save($may_save);
 	} else {
 		goto prompt;
@@ -109,9 +109,7 @@
 	if (defined $_username) {
 		$username = $_username;
 	} else {
-		print STDERR "Username: ";
-		STDERR->flush;
-		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
+		$username = Git::prompt("Username: ");
 	}
 	$cred->username($username);
 	$cred->may_save($may_save);
@@ -120,31 +118,15 @@
 
 sub _read_password {
 	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
-	my $password = '';
-	if (exists $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}) {
-		open(PH, "-|", $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}, $prompt);
-		$password = <PH>;
-		$password =~ s/[\012\015]//; # \n\r
-		close(PH);
-	} else {
-		print STDERR $prompt;
-		STDERR->flush;
-		require Term::ReadKey;
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
-		while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
-			last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
-			$password .= $key;
-		}
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		STDERR->flush;
-	}
+	my $password = Git::prompt($prompt, 1);
 	$password;
 }
 
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Prompt - authentication callbacks for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
index 049c97b..a7b0119 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@
 	}
 }
 
+# serf has a bug that leads to a coredump upon termination if the
+# remote access object is left around (not fixed yet in serf 1.3.1).
+# Explicitly free it to work around the issue.
+END {
+	$RA = undef;
+	$ra_invalid = 1;
+}
+
 sub _auth_providers () {
 	my @rv = (
 	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
@@ -295,7 +303,7 @@
 	my $full_url = add_path_to_url( $self->url, $path );
 	my ($ra, $reparented);
 
-	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+\w+)?://# ||
 	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
 	     canonicalize_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
 		$_[0] = undef;
@@ -627,6 +635,8 @@
 1;
 __END__
 
+=head1 NAME
+
 Git::SVN::Ra - Subversion remote access functions for git-svn
 
 =head1 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
index 8b8cf37..3d1a093 100644
--- a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 
 	my @parts;
 	foreach my $part (split m{/+}, $uri_path) {
-		$part =~ s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		$part =~ s/([^!\$%&'()*+,.\/\w:=\@_`~-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
 		push @parts, $part;
 	}
 
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
index 11e9cd9..6098135 100644
--- a/perl/private-Error.pm
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
 =head2 CONSTRUCTORS
 
 The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
-with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+with the arguments that are passed to its constructor. The elements
 that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
 below, other classes may add to these.
 
@@ -763,13 +763,13 @@
 
 =item Error::Simple
 
-This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. Its
 constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
 is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
 overload methods.
 
 If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
-this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+this information will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
 of the error object.
 
 This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index eaba15f..70f1950 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 
+char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 static const char *packet_trace_prefix = "git";
 static const char trace_key[] = "GIT_TRACE_PACKET";
 
@@ -47,45 +48,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
- * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
- * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
- * would be an error).
- *
- * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
- * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
- * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
- * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
- * process entirely).
- *
- * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
- * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
- */
-ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
-{
-	ssize_t nn = n;
-	while (n) {
-		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
-			n -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!ret)
-			die("write error (disk full?)");
-		die_errno("write error");
-	}
-	return nn;
-}
-
-/*
  * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
  * we'd flush it here
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd)
 {
 	packet_trace("0000", 4, 1);
-	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+	write_or_die(fd, "0000", 4);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -121,7 +90,7 @@
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -135,13 +104,29 @@
 	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
 }
 
-static int safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size, int return_line_fail)
+static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_size,
+			   void *dst, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		die_errno("read error");
-	else if (ret < size) {
-		if (return_line_fail)
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fd >= 0 && src_buf && *src_buf)
+		die("BUG: multiple sources given to packet_read");
+
+	/* Read up to "size" bytes from our source, whatever it is. */
+	if (src_buf && *src_buf) {
+		ret = size < *src_size ? size : *src_size;
+		memcpy(dst, *src_buf, ret);
+		*src_buf += ret;
+		*src_size -= ret;
+	} else {
+		ret = read_in_full(fd, dst, size);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("read error");
+	}
+
+	/* And complain if we didn't get enough bytes to satisfy the read. */
+	if (ret < size) {
+		if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
 			return -1;
 
 		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
@@ -175,13 +160,14 @@
 	return len;
 }
 
-static int packet_read_internal(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size, int return_line_fail)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len,
+		char *buffer, unsigned size, int options)
 {
 	int len, ret;
 	char linelen[4];
 
-	ret = safe_read(fd, linelen, 4, return_line_fail);
-	if (return_line_fail && ret < 0)
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, linelen, 4, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 	len = packet_length(linelen);
 	if (len < 0)
@@ -193,50 +179,37 @@
 	len -= 4;
 	if (len >= size)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
-	ret = safe_read(fd, buffer, len, return_line_fail);
-	if (return_line_fail && ret < 0)
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, buffer, len, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
+
+	if ((options & PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE) &&
+	    len && buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
 	buffer[len] = 0;
 	packet_trace(buffer, len, 0);
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_read(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+static char *packet_read_line_generic(int fd,
+				      char **src, size_t *src_len,
+				      int *dst_len)
 {
-	return packet_read_internal(fd, buffer, size, 1);
+	int len = packet_read(fd, src, src_len,
+			      packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+			      PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+	if (dst_len)
+		*dst_len = len;
+	return len ? packet_buffer : NULL;
 }
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *len_p)
 {
-	return packet_read_internal(fd, buffer, size, 0);
+	return packet_read_line_generic(fd, NULL, NULL, len_p);
 }
 
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
-	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src, size_t *src_len, int *dst_len)
 {
-	int len;
-
-	if (*src_len < 4)
-		return -1;
-	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (!len) {
-		*src_buf += 4;
-		*src_len -= 4;
-		packet_trace("0000", 4, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (*src_len < len)
-		return -2;
-
-	*src_buf += 4;
-	*src_len -= 4;
-	len -= 4;
-
-	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
-	*src_buf += len;
-	*src_len -= len;
-	packet_trace(out->buf, out->len, 0);
-	return len;
+	return packet_read_line_generic(-1, src, src_len, dst_len);
 }
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
index 8cfeb0c..0a838d1 100644
--- a/pkt-line.h
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -5,16 +5,78 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 /*
- * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd);
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_read(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
-ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+/*
+ * Read a packetized line into the buffer, which must be at least size bytes
+ * long. The return value specifies the number of bytes read into the buffer.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer is not NULL (and nor is *src_buffer), it should point to a
+ * buffer containing the packet data to parse, of at least *src_len bytes.
+ * After the function returns, src_buf will be incremented and src_len
+ * decremented by the number of bytes consumed.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer (or *src_buffer) is NULL, then data is read from the
+ * descriptor "fd".
+ *
+ * If options does not contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will die under any
+ * of the following conditions:
+ *
+ *   1. Read error from descriptor.
+ *
+ *   2. Protocol error from the remote (e.g., bogus length characters).
+ *
+ *   3. Receiving a packet larger than "size" bytes.
+ *
+ *   4. Truncated output from the remote (e.g., we expected a packet but got
+ *      EOF, or we got a partial packet followed by EOF).
+ *
+ * If options does contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will not die on
+ * condition 4 (truncated input), but instead return -1. However, we will still
+ * die for the other 3 conditions.
+ *
+ * If options contains PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE, a trailing newline (if
+ * present) is removed from the buffer before returning.
+ */
+#define PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF (1u<<0)
+#define PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE (1u<<1)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buffer, size_t *src_len, char
+		*buffer, unsigned size, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Convenience wrapper for packet_read that is not gentle, and sets the
+ * CHOMP_NEWLINE option. The return value is NULL for a flush packet,
+ * and otherwise points to a static buffer (that may be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls). If the size parameter is not NULL, the length of the
+ * packet is written to it.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *size);
+
+/*
+ * Same as packet_read_line, but read from a buf rather than a descriptor;
+ * see packet_read for details on how src_* is used.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src_buf, size_t *src_len, int *size);
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+extern char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 
 #endif
diff --git a/po/README b/po/README
index c1520e8..d8c9111 100644
--- a/po/README
+++ b/po/README
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
+       eval_gettext "An error occurred: \$details"; echo
 
    In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
    newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
+       eval_gettextln "An error occurred: \$details"
 
    More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
    page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
 
        use Git::I18N;
        print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
-       printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+       printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
    Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
 
diff --git a/po/TEAMS b/po/TEAMS
index 1b9e994..f9a99ed 100644
--- a/po/TEAMS
+++ b/po/TEAMS
@@ -8,10 +8,15 @@
 Language:	de (German)
 Repository:	https://github.com/ralfth/git-po-de
 Leader:		Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
-Members:	Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Members:	Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch>
 		Jan Krüger <jk@jk.gs>
 		Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>
 
+Language:	fr (French)
+Repository:	https://github.com/jnavila/git
+Leader:		Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+Members:	Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>
+
 Language:	is (Icelandic)
 Leader:		Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
 
@@ -46,3 +51,4 @@
 		Yichao Yu <yyc1992 AT gmail.com>
 		ws3389 <willsmith3389 AT gmail.com>
 		Thynson <lanxingcan AT gmail.com>
+		Wang Sheng <wangsheng2008love@163.com>
diff --git a/po/da.po b/po/da.po
index 20a88ea..898b18d 100644
--- a/po/da.po
+++ b/po/da.po
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
index 0db9a9b..c0bbb65 100644
--- a/po/de.po
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 # German translations for Git.
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.7.12\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.5\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-05 06:20+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-03-28 18:46+0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: German\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-07-28 18:42+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: German <>\n"
 "Language: de\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,17 +26,247 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
 "appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"Korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum,\n"
-"und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
-"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und einzutragen,\n"
-"oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"Korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis,\n"
+"und benutzen Sie dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
+"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und zu committen,\n"
+"oder benutzen Sie 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [Optionen] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] [Optionen] <Commit-"
+"Referenz> [Pfad...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
+
+#: archive.c:327
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: archive.c:327
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "Archivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "Präfix"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "stellt einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in dem Archiv"
+
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "schreibt das Archiv in diese Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:333
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "liest .gitattributes aus dem Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: archive.c:334
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "gibt archivierte Dateien in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe aus"
+
+#: archive.c:335
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "nur speichern"
+
+#: archive.c:336
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "schneller komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:344
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "besser komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:347
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "listet unterstützte Archivformate auf"
+
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "ruft das Archiv von Remote-Repository <Repository> ab"
+
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "Programm"
+
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "Pfad zum externen \"git-upload-archive\"-Programm"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Verneinende Muster werden in Git-Attributen ignoriert.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Branch %s kann nicht sein eigener Upstream-Branch sein."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Name zu lang: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Referenz %s ist "
+"mehrdeutig."
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Branchname."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kann Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches nicht erzwingen."
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Tracking-Informationen nicht einrichten; Startpunkt '%s' ist kein "
+"Branch."
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "der angeforderte Upstream-Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, Ihre Arbeit auf einem bereits existierenden\n"
+"Upstream-Branch aufzubauen, sollten Sie \"git fetch\"\n"
+"ausführen, um diesen abzurufen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, einen neuen lokalen Branch zu versenden\n"
+"der seinem externen Gegenstück folgen soll, können Sie\n"
+"\"git push -u\" verwenden, um den Upstream-Branch beim \"push\"\n"
+"zu konfigurieren."
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "mehrdeutiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchpunkt: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren der Referenz zur Aktualisierung."
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Referenz."
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -48,44 +278,44 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Kopfbereich: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:699
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Dem Projektarchiv fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Versionen:"
+msgstr "Dem Repository fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Commits:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "Einrichtung des Revisionsgangs fehlgeschlagen"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält diese %d Referenzen:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Das Paket speichert eine komplette Historie."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz"
-msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "\"rev-list\" abgebrochen"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Argument: %s"
@@ -116,30 +346,30 @@
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "Erstellung der Paketindexdatei abgebrochen"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
-msgstr "%s %s ist keine Version!"
+msgstr "%s %s ist kein Commit!"
 
 #: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "Speicher verbraucht"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "Konnte 'git rev-list' nicht ausführen"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben nach rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen von rev-list's Standard-Eingabe: %s"
@@ -211,19 +441,24 @@
 msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
 msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%.*s'\n"
+"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%s'\n"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%s'\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -231,32 +466,7 @@
 "Fehler in 'diff.dirstat' Konfigurationsvariable gefunden:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1401
-msgid " 0 files changed"
-msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
-
-#: diff.c:1405
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
-msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
-
-#: diff.c:1422
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1433
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
-msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3460
+#: diff.c:3490
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -265,7 +475,12 @@
 "Fehler beim Parsen des --dirstat/-X Optionsparameters:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "konnte gpg nicht ausführen"
 
@@ -277,31 +492,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg beim Signieren der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht erstellen: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Signatur nach '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1695
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': konnte nicht lesen %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s': %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s': read() zu kurz %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos in '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
-msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in deinem $PATH"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in Ihrem $PATH"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -310,30 +539,30 @@
 "'%s' scheint ein git-Kommando zu sein, konnte aber\n"
 "nicht ausgeführt werden. Vielleicht ist git-%s fehlerhaft?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
-msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf deinem System vorhanden."
+msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf Ihrem System vorhanden."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
-"Warnung: Du hast das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
-"Setze fort unter der Annahme das du '%s' gemeint hast"
+"Warnung: Sie haben das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
+"Setze fort unter der Annahme, dass Sie '%s' gemeint haben"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "automatisch in %0.1f Sekunden..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: '%s' ist kein Git-Kommando. Siehe 'git --help'."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -342,85 +571,99 @@
 "Did you mean one of these?"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du das gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie das gemeint?"
 msgstr[1] ""
 "\n"
-"Hast du eines von diesen gemeint?"
+"Haben Sie eines von diesen gemeint?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
-msgstr "(ungültige Version)\n"
+msgstr "(ungültiger Commit)\n"
 
 #: merge-recursive.c:206
 #, c-format
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "addinfo_cache für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Bäume"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen des Pfades '%s'%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Entferne %s um Platz für Unterverzeichnis zu schaffen\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": vielleicht ein Verzeichnis/Datei-Konflikt?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "verweigere, da unbeobachtete Dateien in '%s' verloren gehen würden"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "kann Objekt %s '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr "Blob erwartet für %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen einer symbolischen Verknüpfung für '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen eines symbolischen Verweises für '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "weiß nicht was mit %06o %s '%s' zu machen ist"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:921
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
-msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung der internen Zusammenführung"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung des internen Merges"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:925
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zur Datenbank hinzufügen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:941
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
-msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Baum"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Verzeichnis"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1020 merge-recursive.c:1034
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -429,7 +672,7 @@
 "KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
 "im Arbeitsbereich gelassen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1026 merge-recursive.c:1039
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -438,213 +681,327 @@
 "KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
 "im Arbeitsbereich bei %s gelassen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1080
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "umbenennen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1080
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "umbenannt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1136
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s ist ein Verzeichnis in %s, füge es stattdessen als %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1158
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
 "\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
 msgstr ""
-"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\" "
-"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Zweig \"%s\"%s"
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\" "
+"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1163
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (bleibt unaufgelöst)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1217
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. Benenne um %s->%s "
 "in %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1247
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "Benenne stattdessen %s nach %s und %s nach %s um"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1446
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (umbenennen/hinzufügen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. %s hinzugefügt in "
 "%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1456
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Füge zusammengeführte Datei %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1461 merge-recursive.c:1659
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Füge stattdessen als %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1512
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "kann Objekt %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1515
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "Objekt %s ist kein Blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1563
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "ändern"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1563
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "geändert"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1573
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "Inhalt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1580
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "hinzufügen/hinzufügen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1614
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
-msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis der Zusammenführung existiert bereits)"
+msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis des Merges existiert bereits)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1628
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
-msgstr "automatische Zusammenführung von %s"
+msgstr "automatischer Merge von %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1632 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
 msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt"
+msgstr "Submodul"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
-msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Zusammenführungskonflikt in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Merge-Konflikt in %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1723
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "Entferne %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1748
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "Datei/Verzeichnis"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1754
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "Verzeichnis/Datei"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1759
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s): Es existiert bereits ein Verzeichnis %s in %s. Füge %s als %s "
 "hinzu."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1769
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Füge %s hinzu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1786
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
-msgstr "Fataler Fehler bei der Zusammenführung. Sollte nicht passieren."
+msgstr "Fataler Merge-Fehler. Sollte nicht passieren."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1805
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "Bereits aktuell!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
-msgstr "Zusammenführen der Bäume %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Zusammenführen der \"Tree\"-Objekte %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1844
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "unverarbeiteter Pfad??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1889
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung:"
+msgstr "Merge:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1902
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
-msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorfahren gefunden"
-msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorfahren gefunden"
+msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit gefunden"
+msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorgänger-Commits gefunden"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1939
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung hat keine Version zurückgegeben"
+msgstr "Merge hat keinen Commit zurückgegeben"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1996
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2008 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area nicht schreiben."
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann uninitialisiertes/unreferenzierte Notiz-Verzeichnis nicht committen."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "      oder: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "Globale Einstellungen zur Pfadspezifikation 'glob' und 'noglob' sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "Globale Einstellung zur Pfadspezifikation 'literal' ist inkompatibel\n"
+"mit allen anderen Optionen."
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ungültiger Parameter für Pfadspezifikationsangabe 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%.*s' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehlendes ')' am Ende der Pfadspezifikationsangabe in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützte Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%c' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' und 'glob' sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' liegt außerhalb des Repositories"
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' befindet sich in Submodul '%.*s'"
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: Pfadspezifikationsangabe wird von diesem Kommando nicht unterstützt: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' ist hinter einem symbolischen Verweis"
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Ihr Branch basiert auf '%s', aber Upstream-Branch wurde entfernt.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git branch --unset-upstream\" zum Beheben)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Ihr Branch ist auf dem selben Stand wie '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Version.\n"
-msgstr[1] "Dein Zweig ist vor '%s' um %d Versionen.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commits.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git push\" um lokale Commits zu publizieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Version hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commit hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig ist zu '%s' um %d Versionen hinterher, und kann vorgespult "
-"werden.\n"
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commits hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren lokalen Branch zu aktualisieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1864
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -653,750 +1010,1123 @@
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
-"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Dein Zweig und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
-"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Versionen.\n"
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\" um Ihren Branch mit dem Remote-Branch "
+"zusammenzuführen)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "Öffnen von /dev/null fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
 "mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
-"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markiere die korrigierten Pfade\n"
-"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und trage das Ergebnis ein mit "
-"'git commit'"
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und tragen Sie das Ergebnis mit\n"
+"'git commit' ein"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht nach %s schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fehler bei Nachbereitung von %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
-"Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
-msgstr "Deine lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
-msgstr "Trage deine Änderungen ein oder benutze \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
+msgstr ""
+"Tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein oder benutzen Sie \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:356
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht auflösen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:378
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
-msgstr "Konnte zwischengespeicherten Baum nicht aktualisieren\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:324
+#: sequencer.c:423
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht parsen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:329
+#: sequencer.c:428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Elternversion %s nicht parsen\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:395
+#: sequencer.c:494
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
-msgstr "Deine Bereitstellungsdatei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+msgstr "Ihre Staging-Area-Datei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
-
-#: sequencer.c:413
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
-msgstr ""
-"Version %s ist eine Zusammenführung, aber die Option -m wurde nicht "
-"angegeben."
+msgstr "Commit %s ist ein Merge, aber die Option -m wurde nicht angegeben."
 
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:521
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
-msgstr "Version %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:425
+#: sequencer.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Version %s ist keine Zusammenführung."
+msgstr "Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Commit %s ist kein Merge."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:436
+#: sequencer.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
-msgstr "%s: kann Elternversion %s nicht parsen"
+msgstr "%s: kann Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:440
+#: sequencer.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
-msgstr "Kann keine Versionsbeschreibung für %s bekommen"
+msgstr "Kann keine Commit-Beschreibung für %s bekommen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:524
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
-msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zurücksetzen... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"revert\" nicht auf %s ausführen... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:525
+#: sequencer.c:629
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht anwenden... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:553
+#: sequencer.c:665
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
-msgstr "leere Menge von Versionen übergeben"
+msgstr "leere Menge von Commits übergeben"
 
-#: sequencer.c:561
+#: sequencer.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
-msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Staging-Area"
 
-#: sequencer.c:566
+#: sequencer.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
-msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Staging-Area"
 
-#: sequencer.c:624
+#: sequencer.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht während eines %s durchführen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:646
+#: sequencer.c:758
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Konnte Zeile %d nicht parsen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:651
+#: sequencer.c:763
 msgid "No commits parsed."
-msgstr "Keine Versionen geparst."
+msgstr "Keine Commits geparst."
 
-#: sequencer.c:664
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:668
+#: sequencer.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Unbenutzbares Instruktionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:815
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Schlüssel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:706
+#: sequencer.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Fehlerhaftes Optionsblatt: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:739
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" ist bereits im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:740
+#: sequencer.c:852
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
-msgstr "versuche \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "versuchen Sie \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:744
+#: sequencer.c:856
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Konnte \"sequencer\"-Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Einpacken von %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "kein \"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" im Gang"
 
-#: sequencer.c:781
+#: sequencer.c:893
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
-msgstr "kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht auflösen"
+msgstr "kann HEAD nicht auflösen"
 
-#: sequencer.c:783
+#: sequencer.c:895
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
+msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
 
-#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht öffnen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:808
+#: sequencer.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "Kann %s nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:809
+#: sequencer.c:921
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "Unerwartetes Dateiende"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
-msgstr ""
-"gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" Datei der Zweigspitze (HEAD) '%s' ist "
-"beschädigt"
+msgstr "gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" HEAD Datei '%s' ist beschädigt"
 
-#: sequencer.c:838
+#: sequencer.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht formatieren."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1000
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht in \"cherry-pick\" benutzt werden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: ungültiger Commit"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
-msgstr "Kann nicht zu initialer Version zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Revert ausführen."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1001
+#: sequencer.c:1131
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann \"cherry-pick\" nicht in einem leerem Kopf ausführen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Cherry-Pick ausführen."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git erzeugt normalerweise keine Referenzen die mit\n"
+"40 Hex-Zeichen enden, da diese ignoriert werden wenn\n"
+"Sie diese angeben. Diese Referenzen könnten aus Versehen\n"
+"erzeugt worden sein. Zum Beispiel,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"wobei \"$br\" leer ist und eine 40-Hex-Referenz erzeugt\n"
+"wurde. Bitte prüfen Sie diese Referenzen und löschen\n"
+"Sie sie gegebenenfalls. Unterdrücken Sie diese Meldung\n"
+"indem Sie \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"ausführen."
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) zeigt auf keinen Zweig"
+msgstr "HEAD zeigt auf keinen Branch"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein solcher Zweig '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein entferntes Projektarchiv für Zweig '%s' konfiguriert."
+msgstr "Kein Upstream-Branch für Branch '%s' konfiguriert."
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
-msgstr ""
-"Zweig '%s' des entfernten Projektarchivs ist kein gefolgter Übernahmezweig"
+msgstr "Upstream-Branch '%s' ist nicht als Remote-Tracking-Branch gespeichert"
 
-#: wrapper.c:413
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "Kann nicht zusammengeführte .gitmodules-Datei nicht ändern, lösen\n"
+"Sie zuerst die Konflikte auf"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Konnte keine Sektion in .gitmodules mit Pfad \"%s\" finden"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' in .gitmodules nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' nicht aus .gitmodules entfernen"
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht in der Staging-Area finden"
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "Lesen der aktualisierten .gitmodules-Datei fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht hinzufügen"
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Konnte git-Verweis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Konnte core.worktree in '%s' nicht setzen."
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "Ungültiges URL-Schema oder Suffix '://' fehlt"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ungültige Escape-Sequenz %XX"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "fehlender Host und Schema ist nicht 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "eine 'file:' URL darf keine Portnummer enthalten"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "Hostname enthält ungültige Zeichen"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "ungültige Portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "ungültiges '..' Pfadsegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen"
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "konnte aktuellen Benutzer nicht in Passwort-Datei finden: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:414
+#: wrapper.c:455
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "kein solcher Benutzer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:146
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Nicht zusammengeführte Pfade:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
-"Bereitstellung)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Herausnehmen aus der "
-"Bereitstellung)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
 "markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:183
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:194
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "zum Eintragen bereitgestellte Änderungen:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:206
-msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
-msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Eintragen bereitgestellt sind:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:210
-msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgstr "zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
 
 #: wt-status.c:212
-msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" zum Bereitstellen)"
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Commit vorgemerkt sind:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:216
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:218
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen im "
 "Arbeitsverzeichnis zu verwerfen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:221
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (trage ein oder verwerfe den unbeobachteten oder geänderten Inhalt in den "
-"Unterprojekten)"
+"  (committen oder verwerfen Sie den unbeobachteten oder geänderten Inhalt in "
+"den Submodulen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:224
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%s Dateien:"
-
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git %s <Datei>...\" zum Einfügen in die Eintragung)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git %s <Datei>...\" um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "Fehler"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "beide gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "von uns hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:257
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "von denen gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "von denen hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:259
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "von uns gelöscht:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "von beiden hinzugefügt:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:261
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "von beiden geändert:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:291
 msgid "new commits, "
-msgstr "neue Versionen, "
+msgstr "neue Commits, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:293
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "geänderter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:295
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "unbeobachteter Inhalt, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "neue Datei:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopiert:     %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "gelöscht:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "geändert:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "umbenannt:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "Typänderung: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "unbekannt:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "nicht zusammengeführt:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "Fehler: unbehandelter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submodule geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Änderungen in Submodul zum Committen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
-msgstr "Du hast nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
+msgstr "Sie haben nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:851
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr " (behebe die Konflikte und führe \"git commit\" aus)"
+msgstr " (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:854
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
-msgstr ""
-"Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber du bist immer noch beim Zusammenführen."
+msgstr "Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber Sie sind immer noch beim Merge."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:857
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git commit\" um die Zusammenführung abzuschließen)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git commit\" um den Merge abzuschließen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:867
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "Eine \"am\"-Sitzung ist im Gange."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:870
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Der aktuelle Patch ist leer."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (behebe die Konflikte und führe dann \"git am --resolved\" aus)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:813
-msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git am --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:815
-msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git am --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
-msgid "You are currently rebasing."
-msgstr "Du bist gerade beim Neuaufbau."
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --continue\" aus)"
 
 #: wt-status.c:876
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
-msgstr "  (behebe die Konflikte und führe dann \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git am --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
 
 #: wt-status.c:878
-msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr "  (benutze \"git rebase --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"wiederherzustellen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase von Branch '%s' auf '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:948
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --skip\" um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:950
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rebase --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Zweig auszuchecken)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"auszuchecken)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:963
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
-msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führe \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie teilen gerade einen Commit auf, während ein Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s' im Gange ist."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
-msgstr "Du teilst gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus auf."
+msgstr "Sie teilen gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase auf."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:975
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
-"  (Sobald dein Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber ist, führe \"git rebase --continue"
-"\" aus)"
+"  (Sobald Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert ist, führen Sie \"git rebase --"
+"continue\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
-msgstr "Du editierst gerade eine Version während eines Neuaufbaus."
+msgstr "Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:987
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git commit --amend\" um die aktuelle Version nachzubessern)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git commit --amend\" um den aktuellen Commit nachzubessern)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:989
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git rebase --continue\" sobald deine Änderungen abgeschlossen "
-"sind)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" sobald Ihre Änderungen "
+"abgeschlossen sind)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
-msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
-msgstr "Du führst gerade \"cherry-pick\" aus."
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie führen gerade \"cherry-pick\" von Commit %s aus."
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führe \"git commit\" aus)"
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git cherry-pick --continue"
+"\" aus)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git cherry-pick --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git cherry-pick --abort\" um die Cherry-Pick-Operation "
+"abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade an einem Revert von Commit '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git revert --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git revert --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git revert --abort\" um die Revert-Operation abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche, gestartet von Branch '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
-msgstr "Du bist gerade beim Halbieren."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1046
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
-"  (benutze \"git bisect reset\" um zum ursprünglichen Zweig zurückzukehren)"
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git bisect reset\" um zum ursprünglichen Branch "
+"zurückzukehren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1221
 msgid "On branch "
-msgstr "Auf Zweig "
+msgstr "Auf Branch "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "Rebase im Gange; auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst bei "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst von "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
-msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Zweig."
+msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Branch."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 msgid "Initial commit"
-msgstr "Initiale Version"
+msgstr "Initialer Commit"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "Unbeobachtete"
+#: wt-status.c:1271
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "Ignorierte"
+#: wt-status.c:1273
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorierte Dateien"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.\n"
+"'status -uno' könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten,\n"
+"neue Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1283
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Unbeobachtete Dateien nicht aufgelistet%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1285
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (benutze die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie die Option -u um unbeobachteten Dateien anzuzeigen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1291
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1027
+#: wt-status.c:1296
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Eintragen hinzugefügt%s\n"
-
-#: wt-status.c:1029
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" und/oder \"git commit -a\")"
-
-#: wt-status.c:1031
-#, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
-"nichts zum Eintragen hinzugefügt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien%s\n"
+"keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt (benutzen Sie \"git add\" und/oder "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1033
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
-
-#: wt-status.c:1035 wt-status.c:1038 wt-status.c:1041
+#: wt-status.c:1299
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "nichts zum Eintragen%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1036
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " (Erstelle/Kopiere Dateien und benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+#: wt-status.c:1302
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien (benutzen "
+"Sie \"git add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1039
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " (benutze die Option -u um unbeobachtete Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+#: wt-status.c:1305
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unbeobachtete Dateien\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1042
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr " (Arbeitsverzeichnis sauber)"
+#: wt-status.c:1308
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (Erstellen/Kopieren Sie Dateien und benutzen Sie \"git "
+"add\" zum Beobachten)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1150
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unbeobachtete Dateien "
+"anzuzeigen)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1318
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen, Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1427
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
-msgstr "HEAD (kein Zweig)"
+msgstr "HEAD (kein Branch)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1156
+#: wt-status.c:1433
 msgid "Initial commit on "
-msgstr "Initiale Version auf "
+msgstr "Initialer Commit auf "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1171
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "entfernt"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1465
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "hinterher "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1174 wt-status.c:1177
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "voraus "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1473
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", hinterher "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [Optionen] [--] [<Pfadspezifikation>...]"
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Verhalten von 'git add %s (oder %s)' ohne ein Pfad-Argument von\n"
+"einem Unterverzeichnis aus wird in Git 2.0 geändert und sollte nicht\n"
+"mehr verwendet werden.\n"
+"Um Dateien des gesamten Projektverzeichnisses hinzuzufügen, führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (oder git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Zur Einschränkung auf das aktuelle Verzeichnis führen Sie aus:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (oder git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Mit der aktuellen Version von Git ist das Kommando auf das aktuelle\n"
+"Verzeichnis beschränkt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben 'git add' weder mit '-A (--all)' noch mit '--ignore-removal'\n"
+"ausgeführt. Das Verhalten des Kommandos ändert sich in Git 2.0 durch\n"
+"Berücksichtigung der gelöschten Pfade.\n"
+"Pfade wie '%s', die im Arbeitsverzeichnis gelöscht wurden, werden in\n"
+"dieser Version von Git ignoriert.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <Pfadspezifikation>', was der aktuelle\n"
+"  Standardwert ist, ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis.\n"
+"* 'git add --all <Pfadspezifikation>' berücksichtigt ebenfalls gelöschte\n"
+"  Pfade.\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git status' aus, um die gelöschten Pfade zu überprüfen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Differenz-Status %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:229
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung der Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
-msgstr "entferne '%s'\n"
+msgstr "lösche '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Pfad '%s' befindet sich in Unterprojekt '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:237
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
-"Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Bereitstellung:"
+"Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Staging-Area:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:459 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' ist über einem symbolischen Link"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:299
 msgid "Could not read the index"
-msgstr "Konnte die Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Konnte die Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:314
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Konnte Patch nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:321
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Leerer Patch. Abgebrochen."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anwenden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:337
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien "
+"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien "
 "ignoriert:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "Probelauf"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "interaktives Auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "Blöcke interaktiv auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:359
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "aktuelle Unterschiede editieren und anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:360
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "erlaubt das Hinzufügen andernfalls ignorierter Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:361
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "aktualisiert beobachtete Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:362
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "speichert nur, dass der Pfad später hinzugefügt werden soll"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt Änderungen von allen beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien hinzu"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis (genau wie --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "fügt nichts hinzu, aktualisiert nur die Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:369
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"überspringt Dateien, die aufgrund von Fehlern nicht hinzugefügt werden "
+"konnten"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:370
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "prüft ob - auch fehlende - Dateien im Probelauf ignoriert werden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:392
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
-msgstr "Verwende -f wenn du diese wirklich hinzufügen möchtest.\n"
+msgstr "Verwenden Sie -f wenn Sie diese wirklich hinzufügen möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:393
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "keine Dateien hinzugefügt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "Hinzufügen von Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
-msgstr "-A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:456
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run benutzt werden."
+"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Nichts spezifiziert, nichts hinzugefügt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:487
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
-msgstr "Wolltest du vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
+msgstr "Wollten Sie vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:289 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
-msgstr "Bereitstellungsdatei beschädigt"
+msgstr "Staging-Area-Datei beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:480 builtin/apply.c:4432 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:57
 msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
@@ -1405,12 +2135,12 @@
 #: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
-msgstr "nicht erkannte Option für Leerzeichen: '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Whitespace-Option: '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
-msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Leerzeichen: '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Whitespace: '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
@@ -1451,17 +2181,17 @@
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null in Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1402
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount: unerwartete Zeile: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1459
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "Patch-Fragment ohne Kopfbereich bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1476,70 +2206,66 @@
 "Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
 "%d vorangestellte Teile des Pfades entfernt werden (Zeile %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1636
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1638
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1664
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1700
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "neue Datei %s hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1702
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "entfernte Datei %s hat noch Inhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1705
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** Warnung: Datei %s wird leer, aber nicht entfernt."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1851
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1880
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "nicht erkannter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1966
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "Patch mit nutzlosen Informationen bei Zeile %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2056
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
-msgstr "konnte symbolische Verknüpfung %s nicht lesen"
+msgstr "konnte symbolischen Verweis %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2060
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2131
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "Ups"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2653
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Zeilenanfang: '%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2771
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
@@ -1547,12 +2273,12 @@
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeilen versetzt)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2783
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Kontext reduziert zu (%ld/%ld) um Patch-Bereich bei %d anzuwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1561,344 +2287,341 @@
 "bei der Suche nach:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2808
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "keine Daten in Binär-Patch für '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2911
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Binär-Patch nicht auf '%s' anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2917
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 "Binär-Patch für '%s' erzeugt falsches Ergebnis (erwartete %s, bekam %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2938
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3060
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht auschecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3105 builtin/apply.c:3114 builtin/apply.c:3158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3138 builtin/apply.c:3360
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "Pfad %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3219 builtin/apply.c:3374
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
-msgstr "%s ist nicht bereitgestellt"
+msgstr "%s ist nicht in der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3223 builtin/apply.c:3366 builtin/apply.c:3388
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3228 builtin/apply.c:3382
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
-msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Version in der Staging-Area"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3330
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3399
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: falscher Typ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3401
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s ist vom Typ %o, erwartete %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3502
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s ist bereits bereitgestellt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3505
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3525
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o) von %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3538
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: Patch konnte nicht angewendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3551
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Prüfe Patch %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3606 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3749
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
-msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Bereitstellung entfernen"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3777
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Unterprojekt %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Submodul %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3781
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte neu erstellte Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3786
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "kann internen Speicher für eben erstellte Datei %s nicht erzeugen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3789 builtin/apply.c:3897
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "kann für %s keinen Eintrag in den Zwischenspeicher hinzufügen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3822
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "schließe Datei '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3871
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' mit Modus %o nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3958
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch %s sauber angewendet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3966
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "interner Fehler"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3969
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisung an..."
 msgstr[1] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisungen an..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3979
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "Verkürze Name von .rej Datei zu %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d sauber angewendet."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
-msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d zurückgewiesen."
+msgstr "Patch-Block #%d zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4153
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "nicht erkannte Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4164
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4283 builtin/apply.c:4286
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "Pfad"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4284
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet keine Änderungen im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4287
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "wendet Änderungen nur im angegebenen Pfad an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4289
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "Anzahl"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4290
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
 "entfernt <Anzahl> vorangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen "
 "Differenzpfaden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4293
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "ignoriert hinzugefügte Zeilen des Patches"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4295
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird der \"diffstat\" für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4299
-msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 "zeigt die Anzahl von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen in Dezimalnotation"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, wird eine Zusammenfassung für die Eingabe "
 "ausgegeben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4303
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 "anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, zeige ob Patch angewendet werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
-"stellt sicher, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Bereitstellung angewendet "
+"stellt sicher, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Staging-Area angewendet "
 "werden kann"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
-msgstr "wendet einen Patch an, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitszweig vorzunehmen"
+msgstr ""
+"wendet einen Patch an, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis vorzunehmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4309
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch an (Benutzung mit --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
-msgstr ""
-"versucht 3-Wege-Zusammenführung, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden "
-"konnte"
+msgstr "versucht 3-Wege-Merge, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden konnte"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
-"erstellt eine temporäre Bereitstellung basierend auf den integrierten "
-"Bereitstellungsinformationen"
+"erstellt eine temporäre Staging-Area basierend auf den integrierten Staging-"
+"Area-Informationen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4315
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "Pfade sind getrennt durch NUL Zeichen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4318
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
-msgstr ""
-"stellt sicher, dass mindestens <Anzahl> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
+msgstr "stellt sicher, dass mindestens <n> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "Aktion"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4320
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
-msgstr "ermittelt neue oder geänderte Zeilen die Fehler in Leerzeichen haben"
+msgstr "ermittelt neue oder geänderte Zeilen die Whitespace-Fehler haben"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323 builtin/apply.c:4326
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
-msgstr "ignoriert Änderungen in Leerzeichen bei der Suche des Kontextes"
+msgstr "ignoriert Änderungen im Whitespace bei der Suche des Kontextes"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "wendet den Patch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge an"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "erwartet keinen Kontext"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
-"hinterlässt zurückgewiesene Patch-Bereiche in den entsprechenden *.rej "
-"Dateien"
+"hinterlässt zurückgewiesene Patch-Blöcke in entsprechenden *.rej Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4335
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
-msgstr "erlaubt sich überlappende Patch-Bereiche"
+msgstr "erlaubt sich überlappende Patch-Blöcke"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
-msgid "be verbose"
-msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "toleriert fehlerhaft erkannten fehlenden Zeilenumbruch am Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
-msgstr "vertraut nicht den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Bereiches"
+msgstr "vertraut nicht den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Blocks"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4343
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "Wurzelverzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "stellt <Wurzelverzeichnis> vor alle Dateinamen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4366
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
-msgstr "--3way außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --3way kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4374
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
-msgstr "--index außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --index kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4377
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
-msgstr "--cached außerhalb eines Projektarchivs"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --cached kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4393
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "kann Patch '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4407
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
-msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
-msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Fehler in Leerzeichen"
+msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4413 builtin/apply.c:4423
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
-msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Fehler in Leerzeichen hinzu."
-msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Fehler in Leerzeichen hinzu."
+msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
@@ -1917,205 +2640,557 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: habe ACK/NAK erwartet, aber EOF bekommen"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler am anderen Ende: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: Protokollfehler"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: erwartete eine Spülung (flush)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "führt 'git bisect next' aus"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "aktualisiert BISECT_HEAD, anstatt den aktuellen Commit auszuchecken"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [Optionen] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] Datei"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[rev-opts] sind dokumentiert in git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Zeigt \"blame\"-Einträge schrittweise, während wir sie generieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt leere SHA-1 für Grenz-Commits (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Behandelt Ursprungs-Commit nicht als Grenzen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Zeigt Statistiken zum Arbeitsaufwand"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Zeigt Ausgabebewertung für \"blame\"-Einträge"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Zeigt ursprünglichen Dateinamen (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt ursprüngliche Zeilennummer (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Anzeige in einem Format für maschinelle Auswertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Commit-Informationen pro Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Benutzt den gleichen Ausgabemodus wie \"git-annotate\" (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt unbearbeiteten Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt langen Commit-SHA1 (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Unterdrückt den Namen des Autors und den Zeitstempel (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Zeigt anstatt des Namens die Email-Adresse des Autors (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignoriert Unterschiede im Whitespace"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "arbeite länger, um bessere Übereinstimmungen zu finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Benutzt Commits von <Datei> anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Benutzt Inhalte der <Datei>en als entgültiges Abbild"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "Bewertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Findet kopierte Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Findet verschobene Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Verarbeitet nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m, gezählt von 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-l] [-f] <Branchname> [<Startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] [-r] (-d | -D) <Branchname>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [Optionen] (-m | -M) [<alterBranch>] <neuerBranch>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"entferne Zweig '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
-"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt "
-"wurde."
+"entferne Branch '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"entferne Zweig '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
-"         '%s', obwohl er mit der Zweigspitze (HEAD) zusammengeführt wurde."
+"entferne Branch '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', obwohl er mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:180
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:186
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht nachschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:191
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann Zweig '%s' nicht entfernen, da du dich gerade auf diesem befindest."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:202
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "externer Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' nicht gefunden."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsobjekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
-"Der Zweig '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
-"Wenn du sicher bist diesen Zweig zu entfernen, führe 'git branch -D %s' aus."
+"Der Branch '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
+"Wenn Sie sicher sind diesen Branch zu entfernen, führen Sie 'git branch -D "
+"%s' aus."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:225
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des externen Zweiges '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Zweiges '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:233
-#, c-format
-msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Externer Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
-#, c-format
-msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Zweig %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:239
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für HEAD nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Branch '%s' nicht entfernen, da Sie sich gerade auf diesem befinden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Remote-Branch '%s' nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Remote-Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
-msgstr "Zweig '%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: entfernt]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: %d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%d voraus, %d hinterher]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:535
-msgid "(no branch)"
-msgstr "(kein Zweig)"
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ungültige Referenz ****"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, Rebase von Branch %s im Gange)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, binäre Suche begonnen bei %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "Konnte einige Referenzen nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:613
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann aktuellen Zweig nicht umbenennen, solange du dich auf keinem befindest."
+"Kann aktuellen Branch nicht umbenennen, solange Sie sich auf keinem befinden."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger Zweig-Name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchname: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:638
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
-msgstr "Umbenennung des Zweiges fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Umbenennung des Branches fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
-msgstr "falsch benannten Zweig '%s' umbenannt"
+msgstr "falsch benannten Branch '%s' umbenannt"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
-msgstr "Zweig umbenannt zu %s, aber Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist nicht aktualisiert!"
+msgstr "Branch umbenannt zu %s, aber HEAD ist nicht aktualisiert!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:653
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
-"Zweig ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
+"Branch ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
 "fehlgeschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "Missgebildeter Objektname %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Zweig nicht schreiben: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Branch nicht schreiben: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:783
-msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Konnte Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:561
-msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "Zeigt Hash und Betreff; -vv: zusätzlich Upstream-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Informationsmeldungen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "stellt den Übernahmemodus ein (siehe git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "ändert Informationen zum Upstream-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "verwendet farbliche Ausgaben"
 
 #: builtin/branch.c:808
-msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
-msgstr "--column und --verbose sind inkompatibel"
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "wirkt auf Remote-Tracking-Branches"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:857
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, welche diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "spezifische Aktionen für \"git-branch\":"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "listet Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "entfernt vollständig zusammengeführten Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "löscht Branch (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "verschiebt/benennt einen Branch und dessen Reflog um"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+"verschiebt/benennt einen Branch um, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "listet Branchnamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "erzeugt das Reflog des Branches"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "bearbeitet die Beschreibung für den Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "erzeuge auch, wenn der Branch bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, die nicht zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "gibt nur Branches aus, die zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "listet Branches in Spalten auf"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Konnte HEAD nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --column und --verbose sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Branchname erforderlich"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "zu losgelöstem HEAD kann keine Beschreibung hinterlegt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von mehr als einem Branch kann nicht bearbeitet werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Noch kein Commit in Branch '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht vorhanden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches für eine Umbenennen-Operation angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches angegeben um Upstream-Branch zu setzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen neuen Upstream-Branch von HEAD zu %s setzen, da dieser auf\n"
+"keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"zu viele Branches angegeben um Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch zu entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch von HEAD nicht entfernen, da dieser\n"
+"auf keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' hat keinen Upstream-Branch gesetzt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD' darf nicht manuell erstellt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' machen mit einem Zweignamen keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' können nicht gemeimsam mit einem "
+"Branchnamen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutzen Sie --"
+"track oder --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Wenn Sie wollten, dass '%s' den Branch '%s' als Upstream-Branch hat, führen "
+"Sie aus:\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
@@ -2124,11 +3199,188 @@
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:56
 msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
-msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Projektarchiv benötigt."
+msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Repository benötigt."
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:60
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
-msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Projektarchiv benötigt."
+msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Repository benötigt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<Art>|--textconv) <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <Liste_von_Objekten>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<Art> kann sein: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "zeigt Objektart"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "zeigt Objektgröße"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn kein Fehler aufgetreten ist"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "führt eine Textkonvertierung auf den Inhalt von Blob-Objekten aus"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen und Inhalt von Objekten, gelesen von der Standard-"
+"Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen über Objekte, gelesen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | Attribut...] [--] Pfadname..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | Attribut...] < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "gibt alle Attribute einer Datei aus"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "verwendet .gitattributes nur von der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "liest Dateinamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "schließt Einträge von Ein- und Ausgabe mit NUL-Zeichen ab"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "zeigt Eingabe-Pfade ohne Übereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignoriert Staging-Area bei der Prüfung"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "Angabe von Pfadnamen kann nicht gemeinsam mit --stdin verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option -z kann nur mit --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "kein Pfad angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "Die Option --quiet ist nur mit einem einzelnen Pfadnamen gültig."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --quiet und --verbose können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching ist nur mit --verbose zulässig"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [Optionen] <Kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "liest ebenfalls Kontakte von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Kontakt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "keine Kontakte angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "checkt alle Dateien in der Staging-Area aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "erzwingt das Überschreiben bereits existierender Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Warnung für existierende Dateien, und Dateien, die sich nicht in der "
+"Staging-Area befinden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "checkt keine neuen Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen in der Staging-Area-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "liest eine Liste von Pfaden von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "schreibt den Inhalt in temporäre Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+"wenn Dateien erzeugt werden, stelle <Zeichenkette> dem Dateinamen voran"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "kopiert Dateien von dem benannten Stand"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] <Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [Optionen] [<Branch>] -- <Datei>..."
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
 #, c-format
@@ -2158,67 +3410,79 @@
 #: builtin/checkout.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Ergebnis der Zusammenführung von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Ergebnis von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit Pfaden verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
 msgid "corrupt index file"
-msgstr "beschädigte Bereitstellungsdatei"
+msgstr "beschädigte Staging-Area-Datei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:272
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "Pfad '%s' ist nicht zusammengeführt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:303 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst deine aktuelle Bereitstellung auflösen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst Ihre aktuelle Staging-Area auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Konnte \"reflog\" für '%s' nicht durchführen\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Setze Zweig '%s' zurück\n"
+msgstr "Setze Branch '%s' neu\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Bereits auf '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu zurückgesetztem Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu umgesetzten Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu einem neuen Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu einem neuem Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Gewechselt zu Zweig '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Gewechselt zu Branch '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... und %d weitere.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2231,17 +3495,17 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Version hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Commit hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Branches:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Warnung: Du bist um %d Versionen hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
-"einem deiner Zweige:\n"
+"Warnung: Sie sind um %d Commits hinterher, nicht verbunden zu\n"
+"einem Ihrer Branches:\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2250,279 +3514,632 @@
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du diese durch einen neuen Zweig behalten möchtest, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Branch behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
 "ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
 "\n"
-" git branch neuer_zweig_name %s\n"
+" git branch neuer_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "interner Fehler im Revisionsgang"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
-msgstr "Vorherige Position der Zweigspitze (HEAD) war"
+msgstr "Vorherige Position von HEAD war"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:724 builtin/checkout.c:919
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "du bist auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird"
+msgstr "Sie sind auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "nur eine Referenz erwartet, %d gegeben."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Referenz: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
-msgstr "Referenz ist kein Baum: %s"
+msgstr "Referenz ist kein \"Tree\"-Objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:976
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B kann nicht mit -b benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "Pfade können nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:985
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit allen anderen Optionen"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:990
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Branch nicht zu Nicht-Commit '%s' wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:996
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt und checkt einen neuen Branch aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt/setzt um und checkt einen Branch aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "erzeugt das Reflog für den neuen Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD zu benanntem Commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "setzt Informationen zum Upstream-Branch für den neuen Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch ohne Eltern-Commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checkt unsere Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checkt ihre Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "erzwingt Auschecken (verwirft lokale Änderungen)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "führt einen 3-Wege-Merge mit dem neuen Branch aus"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "aktualisiert ignorierte Dateien (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "Stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "Konfliktstil (merge oder diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikationen ignorieren Einstellungen zum partiellen Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -b, -B und --orphan schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
-msgstr "--track benötigt einen Zweignamen"
+msgstr "Bei der Option --track muss ein Branchname angegeben werden."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
-msgstr "Vermisse Zweignamen; versuche -b"
+msgstr "Vermisse Branchnamen; versuchen Sie -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1055
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikation"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem Wechsel "
-"von Zweigen.\n"
-"Hast du beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Version aufgelöst "
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln.\n"
+"Haben Sie beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Commit aufgelöst "
 "werden kann?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1065
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr ""
-"git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem Wechsel "
-"von Zweigen."
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1070
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1073
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force und --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
-"du aus der Bereitstellung auscheckst."
+"Sie aus der Staging-Area auschecken."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "Kann Zweig nur zu einer Version wechseln."
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs ist inkompatibel mit den Wechseln von Zweigen."
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x und -X können nicht zusammen benutzt werden"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f gegeben; "
-"Säuberung verweigert"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
-msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -n noch -f "
-"gegeben; Säuberung verweigert"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde %s entfernen\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Entferne %s\n"
+msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Überspringe Repository %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde Repository %s überspringen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen von %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - nummeriertes Element auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) nichts auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - einzelnes Element auswählen\n"
+"3-5        - Bereich von Elementen auswählen\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - mehrere Bereiche auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"-...       - angegebenes Element abwählen\n"
+"*          - alle Elemente auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) Auswahl beenden"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
 #, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Würde nicht entfernen %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Wie bitte (%s)?"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ignorier-Muster eingeben>> "
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "Referenziertes Projektarchiv '%s' ist kein lokales Verzeichnis."
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "WARNUNG: Kann keine Einträge finden die Muster entsprechen: %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Wählen Sie Einträge zum Löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "'%s' löschen? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tschüss."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - Clean starten\n"
+"filter by pattern   - Einträge von Löschung ausschließen\n"
+"select by numbers   - Auswahl von Einträgen über Nummern\n"
+"ask each            - jede Löschung bestätigen (wie \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - Clean beenden\n"
+"help                - diese Meldung anzeigen\n"
+"?                   - Hilfe zur Auswahl mittels Eingabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandos ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Was nun"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Würde das folgende Element entfernen:"
+msgstr[1] "Würde die folgenden Elemente entfernen:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Keine Dateien mehr zum Löschen, beende."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "gibt keine Namen von gelöschten Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "erzwingt Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "interaktives Clean"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "löscht ganze Verzeichnisse"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "Muster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "fügt <Muster> zu den Regeln für ignorierte Pfade hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "löscht auch ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "löscht nur ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -x und -X können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -f gegeben; "
+"\"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -"
+"f gegeben; \"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:36
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [Optionen] [--] <Repository> [<Verzeichnis>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "erzwingt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "kein Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "erstellt ein Bare-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "erstellt ein Spiegelarchiv (impliziert --bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "um von einem lokalen Repository zu klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "verwendet lokal keine harten Verweise, immer Kopien"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "Einrichtung als verteiltes Repository"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialisiert Submodule im Klon"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "Vorlagenverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis, von welchem die Vorlagen verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "referenziert Repository"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "Name"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "verwendet <Name> statt 'origin' für Upstream-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "checkt <Branch> aus, anstatt HEAD des Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "erstellt einen flachen Klon mit dieser Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "klont nur einen Branch, HEAD oder --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ".git-Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separiert Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "Schlüssel=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "setzt Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist kein lokales Repository."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s existiert und ist kein Verzeichnis"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Verknüpfung '%s' nicht erstellen"
+msgstr "Konnte Verweis '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Datei nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "Fertig.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen erfolgreich, Auschecken ist aber fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+"Sie können mit 'git status' prüfen, was ausgecheckt worden ist\n"
+"und das Auschecken mit 'git checkout -f HEAD' erneut versuchen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
-msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden externer Zweig %s nicht finden."
+msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden Remote-Branch %s nicht finden."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Repository hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Externe Zweigspitze (HEAD) bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz "
-"und kann nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
+"Externer HEAD bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz und kann "
+"nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:642
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis konnte nicht ausgecheckt werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:646
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
-msgstr "Du musst ein Projektarchiv zum Klonen angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Repository zum Klonen angeben."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:657
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
-msgstr "--bare und --origin %s Optionen sind inkompatibel."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --origin %s sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:671
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --separate-git-dir sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "Projektarchiv '%s' existiert nicht."
+msgstr "Repository '%s' existiert nicht."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:676
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
-msgstr "--depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutze stattdessen file://."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutzen Sie "
+"stattdessen file://"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:686
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "Zielpfad '%s' existiert bereits und ist kein leeres Verzeichnis."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:696
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "Arbeitsbaum '%s' existiert bereits."
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' existiert bereits."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709 builtin/clone.c:723
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte führende Verzeichnisse von '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:712
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:731
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Klone in bloßes Projektarchiv '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone in Bare-Repository '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:733
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klone nach '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:789
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Weiß nicht wie %s zu klonen ist."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:838
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
-msgstr "externer Zweig %s nicht im anderen Projektarchiv %s gefunden"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s nicht im Upstream-Repository %s gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:845
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
-msgstr "Du scheinst ein leeres Projektarchiv geklont zu haben."
+msgstr "Sie scheinen ein leeres Repository geklont zu haben."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "schlägt Konfigurationsvariablen nach"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Anordnung"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "maximale Breite"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Abstand zum linken Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Abstand zur rechten Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Abstand zwischen Spalten"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
-msgstr "Option --command muss zuerst angegeben werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --command muss an erster Stelle stehen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [Optionen] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -2535,137 +4152,152 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Dein Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
-"deines Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfe, dass diese\n"
-"zutreffend sind. Du kannst diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem du diese\n"
-"explizit setzt:\n"
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen:\n"
 "\n"
-"    git config --global user.name \"Dein Name\"\n"
-"    git config --global user.email deine@emailadresse.de\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ihr Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email ihre@emailadresse.de\n"
 "\n"
-"Nachdem du das getan hast, kannst du deine Identität für diese Version "
+"Nachdem Sie das getan hast, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit "
 "ändern mit:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du fragtest die jüngste Version nachzubessern, aber das würde diese leer\n"
-"machen. Du kannst Dein Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder die\n"
-"Version mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
+"Sie fragten den jüngsten Commit nachzubessern, aber das würde diesen leer\n"
+"machen. Sie können Ihr Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder diesen\n"
+"Commit mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Der letzte \"cherry-pick\" ist jetzt leer, möglicherweise durch eine "
 "Konfliktauflösung.\n"
-"Wenn du dies trotzdem eintragen willst, benutze:\n"
+"Wenn Sie dies trotzdem committen wollen, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Andernfalls benutze bitte 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:256
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Andernfalls benutzen Sie bitte 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie diesen Commit auslassen möchten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Benutzen Sie anschließend \"git cherry-pick --continue\", um die\n"
+"Cherry-Pick-Operation mit den verbleibenden Commits fortzusetzen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des Baum-Objektes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
-msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellung nicht erstellen."
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:304
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:337 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/commit.c:408
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "Konnte new_index Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
-"Gange ist."
+msgstr "Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
-"Kann keine partielle Eintragung durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im "
-"Gange ist."
+"Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:401
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
 msgid "cannot read the index"
-msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:421
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
-msgstr "Konnte temporäre Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:496 builtin/commit.c:502
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
-msgstr "Ungültige Version: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Commit: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:525
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "Fehlerhafter --author Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:585
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
-msgstr "Fehlerhafte Identifikations-String: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter Ident-String: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:623 builtin/commit.c:656 builtin/commit.c:970
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Version %s nicht nachschlagen"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht nachschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:635 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(lese Log-Nachricht von Standard-Eingabe)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:637
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "Konnte Log nicht von Standard-Eingabe lesen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:641
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Log-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:647
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
 msgid "commit has empty message"
-msgstr "Version hat eine leere Beschreibung"
+msgstr "Commit hat eine leere Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:663
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:667
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Konnte SQUASH_MSG nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:671
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:723
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
 msgid "could not write commit template"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsvorlage nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Vorlage nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:734
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2675,12 +4307,12 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du eine Zusammenführung ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, entferne bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen Merge.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:739
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2690,881 +4322,1861 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Es sieht so aus, als trägst du ein \"cherry-pick\" ein.\n"
-"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, entferne bitte die Datei\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen \"cherry-pick\".\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"und versuche es erneut.\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:751
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
-"die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Versionsbeschreibung\n"
-"bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
+"die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:756
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein. Zeilen, die\n"
-"mit '#' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn du möchtest, kannst du diese "
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen, "
+"die\n"
+"mit '%c' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn Sie möchten, können Sie diese "
 "entfernen.\n"
-"Eine leere Versionsbeschreibung bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Eine leere Beschreibung bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:769
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sAutor:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:776
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
-msgstr "%sEintragender: %s"
+msgstr "%sCommit-Ersteller: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:796
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
 msgid "Cannot read index"
-msgstr "Kann Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:833
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
 msgid "Error building trees"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der Zweige"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:848 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "Bitte liefere eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:945
+#: builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Kein existierender Autor mit '%s' gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:960 builtin/commit.c:1160
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Modus '%s' für unbeobachtete Dateien"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und -z sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
-msgstr "Verwendung von --reset-author und --author macht keinen Sinn."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
-msgid "You have nothing to amend."
-msgstr "Du hast nichts zum nachbessern."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1014
-msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "Eine Zusammenführung ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1016
-msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann nicht nachbessern."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1019
-msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam benutzt werden."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1029
-msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
-msgstr "Nur eines von -c/-C/-F/--fixup kann benutzt werden."
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1031
-msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
-msgstr "Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1039
-msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend benutzt werden"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1056
-msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
-msgstr ""
-"Nur eines von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kann benutzt "
+"Die Optionen --reset-author und --author können nicht gemeinsam verwendet "
 "werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1058
-msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
-msgstr "--include/--only machen ohne Pfade keinen Sinn."
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Sie haben nichts für \"--amend\"."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1060
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Ein Merge ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine Option von -c/-C/-F/--fixup verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Die Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Es kann nur eine Option von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --include und --only können nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
-"Klug... die letzte Version mit einer unsauberen Bereitstellung nachbessern."
+"Klug... den letzten Commit mit einer geänderten Staging-Area nachbessern."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1062
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 "Explizite Pfade ohne -i oder -o angegeben; unter der Annahme von --only "
 "Pfaden..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1072 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger \"cleanup\" Modus %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1077
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
-msgstr "Pfade mit -a machen keinen Sinn."
+msgstr "Die Option -a kann nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1260
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "zeigt Status im Kurzformat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "zeigt Branchinformationen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maschinenlesbare Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "zeigt Status im Langformat (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "schließt Einträge mit NUL-Zeichen ab"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "Modus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt nicht beobachtete Dateien, optionale Modi: all, normal, no. (Standard: "
+"all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "wann"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignoriert Änderungen in Submodulen, optional wenn: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "listet unbeobachtete Dateien in Spalten auf"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
-msgstr "Konnte neu erstellte Version nicht nachschlagen."
+msgstr "Konnte neu erstellten Commit nicht nachschlagen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1262
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
-msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellte Version nicht analysieren."
+msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellten Commit nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1303
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
 msgid "detached HEAD"
-msgstr "losgelöste Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+msgstr "losgelöster HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1305
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
 msgid " (root-commit)"
-msgstr " (Basis-Version)"
+msgstr " (Basis-Commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1449
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreichem Commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "zeigt Unterschiede in Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage an"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "liest Beschreibung von Datei"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "überschreibt Autor eines Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "überschreibt Datum eines Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "verwendet wieder und editiert Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "verwendet Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wieder"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern des "
+"angegebenen Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung beim \"squash\" des "
+"angegebenen Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1464
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "Setzt Sie als Autor des Commits (verwendet mit -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "fügt 'Signed-off-by:'-Zeile hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "verwendet angegebene Vorlagendatei"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "erzwingt Bearbeitung des Commits"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "Standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+"wie Leerzeichen und #Kommentare von der Beschreibung getrennt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "fügt Status in die Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage ein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "Schlüssel-ID"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "signiert Commit mit GPG"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Inhalt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "committet alle geänderten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "merkt die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zum Commit vor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "committet nur die angegebenen Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"pre-commit hook\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "zeigt an, was committet werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "ändert vorherigen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"post-rewrite hook\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer leeren Änderung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aufzeichnung einer Änderung mit einer leeren Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
-msgstr "Konnte Version der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht analysieren."
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht analysieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1487 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Beschädigte MERGE_HEAD-Datei (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MODE nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Versionsbeschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Beschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
-msgstr "Eintragung abgebrochen; du hast die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
+msgstr "Commit abgebrochen; Sie haben die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
-msgstr "Eintragung aufgrund leerer Versionsbeschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
+msgstr "Commit aufgrund leerer Beschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
-msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Versionsobjektes."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Commit-Objektes."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
-msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht sperren."
+msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht sperren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
-msgstr "Kann Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht aktualisieren."
+msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
-"Das Projektarchiv wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
-"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfe, dass deine Festplatte nicht\n"
-"voll und Dein Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führe\n"
+"Das Repository wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
+"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfen Sie, dass Ihre Festplatte nicht\n"
+"voll und Ihr Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führen Sie\n"
 "anschließend \"git reset HEAD\" zu Wiederherstellung aus."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ort der Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "verwendet globale Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "verwendet systemweite Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "verwendet Konfigurationsdatei des Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "verwendet die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "Blob-Id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "liest Konfiguration von angegebenem Blob-Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt Wert zurück: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt alle Werte zurück: Schlüssel [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gibt Werte für den regulären Ausdruck zurück: Name-regex [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "gibt Wert spezifisch für eine URL zurück: section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "ersetzt alle passenden Variablen: Name Wert [Wert-regex] "
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "fügt neue Variable hinzu: Name Wert"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "entfernt eine Variable: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "entfernt alle Übereinstimmungen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "benennt eine Sektion um: alter-Name neuer-Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "entfernt eine Sektion: Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "listet alles auf"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "öffnet einen Editor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "Slot"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "findet die konfigurierte Farbe: [Standard]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "findet die Farbeinstellung: [Standard-Ausgabe-ist-Terminal]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "Wert ist \"true\" oder \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "Wert ist eine Dezimalzahl"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "Wert ist --bool oder --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "Wert ist ein Pfad (Datei oder Verzeichnisname)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Sonstiges"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Werte mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "beachtet \"include\"-Direktiven beim Nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
-msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s ist nicht verfügbar"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s ist nicht verfügbar"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
-msgstr "annotierte Markierung %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiger Objekt-Name"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s ist kein gültiges '%s' Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
-msgstr "kein Markierung entspricht exakt '%s'"
+msgstr "kein Tag entspricht exakt '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "suche zur Beschreibung von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "beendete Suche bei %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine annotierten Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Jedoch gab es nicht annotierte Markierungen: versuche --tags."
+"Keine annotierten Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Jedoch gab es nicht-annotierte Tags: versuchen Sie --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Markierungen können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
-"Versuche --always oder erstelle einige Markierungen."
+"Keine Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie --always oder erstellen Sie einige Tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
-msgstr "%lu Versionen durchlaufen\n"
+msgstr "%lu Commits durchlaufen\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"mehr als %i Markierungen gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
+"mehr als %i Tags gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
 "Suche bei %s aufgegeben\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
-msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
-msgstr "--long ist inkompatibel mit --abbrev=0"
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "findet das Tag, das nach Commit kommt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "protokolliert die Suchstrategie in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "verwendet jedes Tag, auch nicht-annotierte"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "verwendet immer langes Format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "folgt nur erstem Elternteil"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "gibt nur exakte Übereinstimmungen aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "betrachtet die jüngsten <n> Tags (Standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "betrachtet nur Tags die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "zeigt gekürztes Commit-Objekt, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt <Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsverzeichnis hinzu (Standard: \"-"
+"dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und --abbrev=0 sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty ist inkompatibel mit Versionen"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Commits verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
-msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolischer Link"
+msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolischer Verweis"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültige Option: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
-msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "Kein Git-Repository"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "Objekt '%s' ist ungültig."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "Mehr als %d Zweige angegeben: '%s'"
-
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "Mehr als zwei Blobs angegeben: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
-msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
-msgstr "Konnte externe Referenz der Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht finden."
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschritt nach <n> Objekten an"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von signierten Tags"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "wählt Behandlung von Tags, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Schreibt Kennzeichen in diese Datei"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importiert Kennzeichen von dieser Datei"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "erzeugt künstlich einen Tag-Ersteller, wenn das Tag keinen hat"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "gibt für jeden Commit das gesamte Verzeichnis aus"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Benutzt die \"done\"-Funktion um den Strom abzuschließen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Überspringt Ausgabe von Blob-Daten"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] <Gruppe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Repository> | <Gruppe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von allen Remote-Repositories an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "hängt an .git/FETCH_HEAD an, anstatt zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "Pfad des Programms zum Hochladen von Paketen auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "erzwingt das Überschreiben von lokalen Branches"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von mehreren Remote-Repositories an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "fordert alle Tags und verbundene Objekte an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "fordert nicht alle Tags an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"entfernt Remote-Tracking-Branches, die sich nicht mehr im Remote-Repository "
+"befinden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "bei-Bedarf"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "kontrolliert rekursive Anforderungen von Submodulen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "behält heruntergeladenes Paket"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "erlaubt Aktualisierung der \"HEAD\"-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "vertieft die Historie eines flachen Klons"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertiert zu einem vollständigen Repository"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "stellt dies an die Ausgabe der Submodul-Pfade voran"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "Standard-Modus für Rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Remote-Referenz von HEAD nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Objekt %s nicht gefunden"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[aktuell]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
-msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann nicht im aktuellen Zweig anfordern)"
+msgstr ""
+"! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann \"fetch\" im aktuellen Branch nicht ausführen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[zurückgewiesen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
 msgid "[tag update]"
-msgstr "[Markierungsaktualisierung]"
+msgstr "[Tag Aktualisierung]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
 msgid "[new tag]"
-msgstr "[neue Markierung]"
+msgstr "[neues Tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
 msgid "[new branch]"
-msgstr "[neuer Zweig]"
+msgstr "[neuer Branch]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[neue Referenz]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwungen"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(kein Vorspulen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Von %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
-"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuche\n"
-"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Zweig zu entfernen."
+"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuchen Sie\n"
+"'git remote prune %s' um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Branch zu löschen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wird unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s wurde unreferenziert)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[gelöscht]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(nichts)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
-"Das Anfordern in den aktuellen Zweig %s von einem nicht-bloßen Projektarchiv "
+"Der \"fetch\" in den aktuellen Branch %s von einem nicht-Bare-Repository "
 "wurde verweigert."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" Wert \"%s\" ist nicht gültig für %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Option \"%s\" wird ignoriert für %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Fordere an von %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht von %s anfordern"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
-"Kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben. Bitte gebe entweder eine URL\n"
-"oder den Namen des externen Archivs an, von welchem neue\n"
-"Versionen angefordert werden sollen."
+"Kein Remote-Repository angegeben. Bitte geben Sie entweder eine URL\n"
+"oder den Namen des Remote-Repositories an, von welchem neue\n"
+"Commits angefordert werden sollen."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
-msgstr "Du musst den Namen der Markierung angeben."
+msgstr "Sie müssen den Namen des Tags angeben."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --depth und --unshallow können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --unshallow kann nicht in einem vollständigen Repository "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
-msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Projektarchiv als Argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Repository als Argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "fetch --all macht keinen Sinn mit Referenzspezifikationen"
+msgstr "fetch --all kann nicht mit Refspecs verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
-msgstr "Kein externes Archiv (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
-"Abholen einer Gruppe mit Angabe von Referenzspezifikationen macht keinen "
-"Sinn."
+"Das Abholen einer Gruppe von Remote-Repositories kann nicht mit der Angabe\n"
+"von Refspecs verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <Beschreibung>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <Datei>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "fügt Historie mit höchstens <n> Einträgen von \"shortlog\" hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "Alias für --log (veraltet)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "Text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "verwendet <Text> als Beschreibungsanfang"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "Datei zum Einlesen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [Optionen] [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Shell-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Perl-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als Python-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "formatiert Platzhalter als TCL-String"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "zeigt nur <n> passende Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "für die Ausgabe zu verwendendes Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "Schüssel"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "sortiere nach diesem Feld"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [Optionen] [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "zeigt unerreichbare Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "zeigt unreferenzierte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "meldet Tags"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "meldet Hauptwurzeln"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "prüft Objekte in der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "prüft die Reflogs (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "aktiviert genauere Prüfung"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "schreibt unreferenzierte Objekte nach .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
 msgstr "Ungültiger %s: '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "zu langes Objekt-Verzeichnis %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
-"komprimiert.\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "entfernt unreferenzierte Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "mehr Gründlichkeit (erhöht Laufzeit)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "aktiviert \"auto-gc\" Modus"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "erzwingt Ausführung von \"git gc\" selbst wenn ein anderes\n"
+"\"git gc\" bereits ausgeführt wird"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
-"komprimiert. Du kannst auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
+"Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
+"komprimiert. Sie können auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe \"git help gc\" für weitere Informationen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"git gc\" wird bereits auf Maschine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> ausgeführt\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --force falls nicht)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
-"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führe 'git prune' aus, um diese "
-"zu entfernen."
+"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führen Sie 'git prune' aus, um "
+"diese zu löschen."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [Optionen] [-e] <Muster> [<Commit>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: Fehler beim Erzeugen eines Thread: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:454
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Verzeichniswechsel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:530 builtin/grep.c:564
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
-msgstr "konnte Zweig (%s) nicht lesen"
+msgstr "konnte \"Tree\"-Objekt (%s) nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:578
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "kann \"grep\" nicht mit Objekten des Typs %s durchführen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:636
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "Schalter '%c' erwartet einen numerischen Wert"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:653
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:917
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "sucht in der Staging-Area anstatt im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "findet auch in Inhalten, die nicht von Git verwaltet werden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "sucht in beobachteten und unbeobachteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "sucht auch in ignorierten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt Zeilen ohne Übereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "findet Übereinstimmungen unabhängig von Groß- und Kleinschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "sucht nur ganze Wörter"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "verarbeitet binäre Dateien als Text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "findet keine Muster in Binärdateien"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "verarbeitet binäre Dateien mit \"textconv\"-Filtern"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "durchläuft höchstens <Tiefe> Ebenen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "verwendet erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "verwendet grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpretiert Muster als feste Zeichenketten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "verwendet Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "zeigt Zeilennummern"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateinamen relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Dateinamen anstatt übereinstimmende Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "Synonym für --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "zeigt nur die Dateinamen ohne Übereinstimmungen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "gibt NUL-Zeichen nach Dateinamen aus"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "zeigt, anstatt der Zeilen, die Anzahl der übereinstimmenden Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "hebt Übereinstimmungen hervor"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"gibt eine Leerzeile zwischen Übereinstimmungen in verschiedenen Dateien aus"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt den Dateinamen nur einmal oberhalb der Übereinstimmungen aus dieser "
+"Datei an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor und nach den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen vor den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen nach den Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "Kurzform für -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "zeigt eine Zeile mit dem Funktionsnamen vor Übereinstimmungen an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "zeigt die umgebende Funktion an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "liest Muster von einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "findet <Muster>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "kombiniert Muster, die mit -e angegeben wurden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "zeigt Übereinstimmungen nur durch Beendigungsstatus an"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Übereinstimmungen von Dateien, die allen Mustern entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "zeigt geparstes Verzeichnis für \"grep\"-Ausdruck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateien mit Übereinstimmungen im Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "erlaubt den Aufruf von grep(1) (von dieser Programmversion ignoriert)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "zeigt Verwendung"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "keine Muster angegeben"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:931
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:972
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
-msgstr "--open-files-in-pager arbeitet nur innerhalb des Arbeitsbaums"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --open-files-in-pager kann nur innerhalb des "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnisses verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:995
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
-msgstr "--cached oder --untracked kann nicht mit --no-index benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --untracked können nicht mit --no-index verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1000
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index oder --untracked kann nicht mit Versionen benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --no-index und --untracked können nicht mit Commits verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1003
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
-"--[no-]exlude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten benutzt werden"
+"Die Option --[no-]exclude-standard kann nicht mit beobachteten Inhalten "
+"verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1011
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
-msgstr "sowohl --cached als auch Zweige gegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --cached kann nicht mit \"Tree\"-Objekten verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <Art>] [-w] [--path=<Datei>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "Art"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "Art des Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "schreibt das Objekt in die Objektdatenbank"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "liest das Objekt von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "speichert Datei wie sie ist, ohne Filter"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "verarbeitet Datei, als ob sie von diesem Pfad wäre"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "Anzeige aller vorhandenen Kommandos"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste von allgemein verwendeten Anleitungen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "zeigt Handbuch"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "zeigt Handbuch in einem Webbrowser"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "zeigt Info-Seite"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [Kommando]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "nicht erkanntes Hilfeformat: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Konnte emacsclient nicht starten."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Konnte Version des emacsclient nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "Version des emacsclient '%d' ist zu alt (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von '%s': %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Pfad für nicht unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "'%s': Kommando für unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
-"Du könntest stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s': unbekannter Handbuch-Betrachter."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Handbuch-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "kein Informations-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definition von Attributen pro Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Ein Git-Glossar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von bewusst ignorierten, unbeobachteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definition von Submodul-Eigenschaften"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von Commits und Bereichen für Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Eine einführende Anleitung zu Git (für Version 1.5.1 oder neuer)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Eine Übersicht über empfohlene Arbeitsabläufe mit Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Anleitungen sind:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "Verwendung: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "für `git %s' wurde der Alias `%s' angelegt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "Objekt-Typen passen bei %s nicht zusammen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "Objekt hat unerwarteten Typ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "kann %d Byte nicht lesen"
 msgstr[1] "kann %d Bytes nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "zu frühes Dateiende"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Eingabe"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "verwendete mehr Bytes als verfügbar waren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "Paket ist zu groß für die aktuelle Definition von off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "Paketsignatur stimmt nicht überein"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "Paketversion %<PRIu32> nicht unterstützt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "Paket hat ein ungültiges Objekt bei Versatz %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "Dekomprimierung gab %d zurück"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt übergelaufen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt liegt außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Objekt-Typ %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Byte"
 msgstr[1] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Bytes"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "ernsthafte Inkonsistenz nach Dekomprimierung"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SHA1 KOLLISION MIT %s GEFUNDEN !"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "kann %s nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges Blob-Objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Typ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Fehler in Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Nicht alle Kind-Objekte von %s sind erreichbar"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "Konnte Dateiunterschied nicht anwenden"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Empfange Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Indiziere Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "Paket ist beschädigt (SHA1 unterschiedlich)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "kann Paketdatei nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "Paketende enthält nicht verwendbaren Inhalt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von \"parse_pack_objects()\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Löse Unterschiede auf"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1105
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kann Thread nicht erzeugen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Auflösen der Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1124
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "vervollständigt mit %d lokalen Objekten"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Unerwartete Prüfsumme für %s (Festplattenfehler?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschied"
 msgstr[1] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschiede"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1149
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "Konnte angehängtes Objekt (%d) nicht komprimieren"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1228
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "lokales Objekt %s ist beschädigt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1252
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Paketdatei"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1265
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann eben erstellte Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schließen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1286
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "Kann Paketdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1297
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "Kann Indexdatei nicht speichern"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1398
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "\"pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>\" ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads angegeben (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "keine Unterstützung von Threads, '%s' wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kann existierende Indexdatei für Paket '%s' nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1447
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1454
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekt"
 msgstr[1] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1481
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Kann nicht zurück zu Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1525 builtin/index-pack.c:1528
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1540 builtin/index-pack.c:1544
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s ist ungültig"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
-msgstr "--fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin verwendet werden."
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1562 builtin/index-pack.c:1572
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "Name der Paketdatei '%s' endet nicht mit '.pack'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1581
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
-msgstr "--verify ohne Name der Paketdatei angegeben"
+msgstr "Die Option --verify wurde ohne Namen der Paketdatei angegeben."
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
@@ -3594,17 +6206,17 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:97
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
-msgstr "kann Verknüpfung '%s' nicht lesen"
+msgstr "kann Verweis '%s' nicht lesen"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
-msgstr "zu lange symbolische Verknüpfung %s"
+msgstr "zu langer symbolischer Verweis %s"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:102
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
-msgstr "kann '%s' nicht mit '%s' symbolisch verknüpfen"
+msgstr "kann symbolischen Verweis '%s' auf '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:106
 #, c-format
@@ -3651,11 +6263,6 @@
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "Konnte %s nicht nach %s verschieben"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:363
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Konnte git-Verknüpfung %s nicht erstellen"
-
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
@@ -3664,7 +6271,7 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:420
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
-msgstr "%s%s Git-Projektarchiv in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-Repository in %s%s\n"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:421
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
@@ -3682,6 +6289,26 @@
 msgid "cannot tell cwd"
 msgstr "kann aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht ermitteln"
 
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<Vorlagenverzeichnis>] [--shared"
+"[=<Berechtigungen>]] [Verzeichnis]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "Berechtigungen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "gibt an, dass das Git-Repository mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
 #: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
@@ -3708,600 +6335,1323 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
-msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsbaum '%s' zugreifen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' zugreifen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [Commitbereich>] [[--] <Pfad>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "   oder: git show [Optionen] <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:125
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Ausgabe der Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "zeigt Quelle"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "verwendet \"mailmap\"-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "decorate-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:231
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "letzte Ausgabe: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kann Objekt %s nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:589
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Unbekannter Typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers ohne Wert"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:771
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "Name des Ausgabeverzeichnisses ist zu lang."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kann Patch-Datei %s nicht öffnen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:801
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
-msgstr "Brauche genau einen Versionsbereich."
+msgstr "Brauche genau einen Commit-Bereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:809
 msgid "Not a range."
-msgstr "Kein Versionsbereich."
+msgstr "Kein Commit-Bereich."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:911
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Anschreiben benötigt E-Mail-Format"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "ungültiges in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [Optionen] [<seit> | <Commitbereich>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Zwei Ausgabeverzeichnisse?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
-msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "-n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "verwendet [PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
-msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
-msgstr "--subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus"
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Patches in Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "erzeugt ein Deckblatt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "verwendet einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "Dateiendung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "verwendet <Dateiendung> anstatt '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "beginnt die Nummerierung der Patches bei <n> anstatt bei 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "kennzeichnet die Serie als n-te Fassung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "verwendet [<Präfix>] anstatt [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "speichert erzeugte Dateien in <Verzeichnis>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH] wird nicht entfernt/hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "gibt keine binären Unterschiede aus"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt keine Patches ein, die einem Commit im Upstream-Branch entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "zeigt Patchformat anstatt des Standards (Patch + Zusammenfassung)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Email-Einstellungen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "Header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "fügt Email-Header hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "Email"
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1212
-msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-only macht keinen Sinn"
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "fügt  \"To:\"-Header hinzu"
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1214
-msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
-msgstr "--name-status macht keinen Sinn"
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "fügt \"Cc:\"-Header hinzu"
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1216
-msgid "--check does not make sense"
-msgstr "--check macht keinen Sinn"
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "Ident"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"setzt \"From\"-Adresse auf <Ident> (oder Ident des Commit-Erstellers,wenn "
+"fehlend)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "macht aus erster Email eine Antwort zu <message-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "Grenze"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "hängt einen Patch an"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "fügt den Patch direkt in die Nachricht ein"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "aktiviert Nachrichtenverkettung, Stile: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "fügt eine Signatur hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Dateinamen der Patches"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Identifikationszeile: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen -n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-only kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-status kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --check kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "Standard-Ausgabe oder Verzeichnis, welches von beidem?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Ausgabedateien."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Upstream> [<Branch> [<Limit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Konnte gefolgten, externen Zweig nicht finden, bitte gebe <upstream> manuell "
-"an.\n"
+"Konnte gefolgten Remote-Branch nicht finden, bitte geben Sie <Upstream> "
+"manuell an.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
-msgstr "Unbekannte Version %s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Commit %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [Optionen] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "zeigt den Dateistatus mit Tags"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "zeigt zwischengespeicherten Dateien in der Ausgabe an (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt entfernte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt geänderte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt sonstige Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt ignorierte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Objektnamen von Inhalten, die zum Commit vorgemerkt sind, in der "
+"Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "zeigt Dateien im Dateisystem, die gelöscht werden müssen, an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Namen von 'sonstigen' Verzeichnissen an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "zeigt keine leeren Verzeichnisse an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "zeigt nicht zusammengeführte Dateien in der Ausgabe an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "zeigt 'resolve-undo' Informationen an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "lässt Dateien aus, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "schließt Muster, gelesen von <Datei>, aus"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "liest zusätzliche pro-Verzeichnis Auschlussmuster aus <Datei>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "fügt die standardmäßigen Git-Ausschlüsse hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "Ausgabe relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+"behandle es als Fehler, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht in der Staging-Area "
+"befindet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "Commit-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"gibt vor, dass Pfade, die seit <Commit-Referenz> gelöscht wurden, immer noch "
+"vorhanden sind"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "zeigt Ausgaben zur Fehlersuche an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Verzeichnisse an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "führt Rekursion in Unterverzeichnissen durch"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "zeigt Verzeichnisse bei Rekursion an"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Einträge mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "schließt Objektgröße ein"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "listet nur Dateinamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "verwendet vollständige Pfadnamen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"listet das gesamte Verzeichnis auf; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis "
+"(impliziert --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] [<Commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [Optionen] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "Schalter 'm' erfordert einen Wert."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
-msgstr "Konnte Zusammenführungsstrategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Strategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Verfügbare Strategien sind:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Verfügbare benutzerdefinierte Strategien sind:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges an"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "zeigt eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges an"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(Synonym für --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"fügt (höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung des Merge-"
+"Commits hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "erzeugt einen einzelnen Commit anstatt eines Merges"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "führt einen Commit durch, wenn der Merge erfolgreich war (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Beschreibung vor dem Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "bricht ab, wenn kein Vorspulen möglich ist"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "überprüft den genannten Commit auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "Option=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"führt Commit-Beschreibung zusammen (für einen Merge, der kein Vorspulen war)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "bricht den sich im Gange befindlichen Merge ab"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "Konnte \"stash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "\"stash\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "kein gültiges Objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (nichts zu quetschen)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
-msgstr "Quetsche Version -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+msgstr "Quetsche Commit -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schreibe SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Schließe SQUASH_MSG ab"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Keine Zusammenführungsbeschreibung -- Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird nicht "
-"aktualisiert\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Commit-Beschreibung -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
-msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keine Version"
+msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Ungültiger branch.%s.mergeoptions String: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
-msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines Baumes fehl"
+msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines \"Tree\"-Objektes fehl"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
-msgstr "Es wird nur die Zusammenführung von zwei Zweigen behandelt."
+msgstr "Es wird nur der Merge von zwei Branches behandelt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Unbekannte Option für merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "konnte %s nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte nicht von '%s' lesen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung wurde nicht eingetragen; benutze 'git commit' um die "
-"Zusammenführung abzuschließen.\n"
+"Merge wurde nicht committet; benutzen Sie 'git commit' um den Merge "
+"abzuschließen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Bitte gebe eine Versionsbeschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum diese "
-"Zusammenführung erforderlich ist,\n"
-"insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten, externen Zweig mit einem Thema-"
-"Zweig zusammenführt.\n"
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung ein um zu erklären, warum dieser\n"
+"Merge erforderlich ist, insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten\n"
+"Upstream-Branch mit einem Thema-Branch zusammenführt.\n"
 "\n"
-"Zeilen beginnend mit '#' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung "
-"bricht die Eintragung ab.\n"
+"Zeilen beginnend mit '%c' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
-msgstr "Leere Versionsbeschreibung"
+msgstr "Leere Commit-Beschreibung"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Wunderbar.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Automatische Zusammenführung fehlgeschlagen; behebe die Konflikte und trage "
-"dann das Ergebnis ein.\n"
+"Automatischer Merge fehlgeschlagen; beheben Sie die Konflikte und committen "
+"Sie dann das Ergebnis.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
-msgstr "'%s' ist keine Version"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein Commit"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
-msgstr "Du befindest dich auf keinem Zweig."
+msgstr "Sie befinden sich auf keinem Branch."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
-msgstr "Kein externes Archiv für den aktuellen Zweig."
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository für den aktuellen Branch."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Es ist kein externes Standard-Projektarchiv für den aktuellen Zweig "
-"definiert."
+"Es ist kein Standard-Upstream-Branch für den aktuellen Branch definiert."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
-msgstr "Kein externer Übernahmezweig für %s von %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Tracking-Branch für %s von %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
-msgstr "Es gibt keine Zusammenführung zum Abbrechen (vermisse MERGE_HEAD)"
+msgstr "Es gibt keinen Merge zum Abbrechen (vermisse MERGE_HEAD)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
-msgstr ""
-"Du hast deine Zusammenführung nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
+msgstr "Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
-"Bitte trage deine Änderungen ein, bevor du zusammenführen kannst."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen können."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "Du kannst --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
+msgstr "Sie können --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Du kannst --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
-msgstr "Keine Version angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
+msgstr "Kein Commit angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann nur exakt eine Version in einem leeren Zweig zusammenführen."
+msgstr "Kann nur exakt einen Commit in einem leeren Branch zusammenführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
-msgstr "Bin auf einem Zweig, der noch geboren wird; kann nicht quetschen."
+msgstr ""
+"Bin auf einem Commit, der noch geboren wird; kann \"squash\" nicht ausführen."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
-msgstr "nicht vorzuspulende Version macht in einem leeren Zweig keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht vorzuspulender Commit kann nicht in einem leeren Branch verwendet "
+"werden."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Commit %s hat eine nicht vertrauenswürdige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine ungültige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine gültige GPG-Signatur von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Aktualisiere %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
-msgstr "Probiere wirklich triviale \"in-index\"-Zusammenführung...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere wirklich trivialen \"in-index\"-Merge...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nein.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Vorspulen nicht möglich, breche ab."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
-msgstr "Rücklauf des Zweiges bis zum Ursprung...\n"
+msgstr "Rücklauf des Verzeichnisses bis zum Ursprung...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
-msgstr "Probiere Zusammenführungsstrategie %s...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere Merge-Strategie %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
-msgstr "Keine Zusammenführungsstrategie behandelt diese Zusammenführung.\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Strategie behandelt diesen Merge.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
-msgstr "Zusammenführung mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+msgstr "Merge mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
-msgstr "Benutze \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
+msgstr "Benutzen Sie \"%s\" um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Automatische Zusammenführung abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor der "
-"Eintragung an\n"
+"Automatischer Merge abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor dem Commit an\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <Commit> <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Commit> <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "findet Vorgänger-Commits für einen einzelnen n-Wege-Merge"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "listet Commits auf, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorgänger-Commit von dem Anderen?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [Optionen] [-L Name1 [-L orig [-L Name2]]] Datei1 orig_Datei "
+"Datei2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "sendet Ergebnisse zur Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "verwendet einen diff3 basierten Merge"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten unsere Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten ihre Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten eine gemeinsame Variante"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "verwendet bei Konflikten diese Kennzeichnungslänge"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "keine Warnung bei Konflikten"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "setzt Beschriftung für Datei1/orig_Datei/Datei2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "Eingabe ist durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "erlaubt fehlende Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "erlaubt die Erstellung von mehr als einem \"Tree\"-Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [Optionen] <Quelle>... <Ziel>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "erzwingt Verschieben/Umbenennen, auch wenn das Ziel existiert"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "überspringt Fehler beim Verschieben oder Umbenennen"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Prüfe Umbenennung von '%s' nach '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr "ungültige Quelle"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht in sich selbst verschieben"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht über Datei verschieben"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Huh? Verzeichnis %s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt und kein Submodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte merken Sie Ihre Änderungen in .gitmodules zum Commit vor oder benutzen\n"
+"Sie \"stash\" um fortzufahren."
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
-msgstr "Huh? %.*s ist in der Bereitstellung?"
+msgstr "Huh? %.*s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt?"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr "Quellverzeichnis ist leer"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr "nicht unter Versionskontrolle"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr "Ziel existiert bereits"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr "überschreibe '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr "Kann nicht überschreiben"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr "mehrere Quellen für das selbe Ziel"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr "%s, Quelle=%s, Ziel=%s"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "Benenne %s nach %s um\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "Umbenennung von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [Optionen] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Namen an (keine SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Tags um die Commits zu benennen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "verwendet nur Referenzen die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "listet alle Commits auf, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "liest von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "erlaubt Ausgabe von `undefinierten` Namen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "dereferenziert Tags in der Eingabe (interne Verwendung)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] add [-f] [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-"
+"c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] copy [-f] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] append [-m <Nachricht> | -F <Datei> | (-c "
+"| -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <Strategie> ] <Notiz-"
+"Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] remove [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<Optionen>] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<Optionen>] <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht starten"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe von 'show' nicht lesen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht abschließen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
-msgstr "Bitte liefere den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Entferne Notiz für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "Konnte Notiz-Objekt nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Die Notiz-Inhalte wurden in %s belassen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kann '%s' nicht lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht öffnen oder lesen"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Objektes '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "Kann uninitialisierten/unreferenzierten Notiz-Baum nicht eintragen."
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr ""
-"Neuschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Fehlerhafte Eingabezeile: '%s'."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Kopieren der Notizen von '%s' nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Kein Notiz für Objekt %s gefunden."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte als Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte in einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung und Bearbeitung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "ersetzt existierende Notizen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Konnte Notizen nicht hinzufügen. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s "
-"gefunden. Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"gefunden. Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Überschreibe existierende Notizen für Objekt %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "liest Objekte von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"lädt Konfiguration für <Kommando> beim Umschreiben von Versionen (impliziert "
+"--stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "zu wenig Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Kann Notizen nicht kopieren. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s gefunden. "
-"Verwende '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+"Verwenden Sie '-f' um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Keine Notizen für Quell-Objekt %s. Kopie nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Die Optionen -m/-F/-c/-C sind für das Unterkommando 'edit' veraltet.\n"
-"Bitte benutze stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+"Bitte benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Merge-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"löst Konflikte bei Notizen mit der angegebenen Strategie auf (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "trägt nicht zusammengeführte Notizen ein"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt Merge von Notizen ab, in dem nicht zusammengeführte Notizen "
+"committet werden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "bricht Konfliktauflösung beim Merge von Notizen ab"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "bricht Merge von Notizen ab"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objekt %s hat keine Notiz\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "der Versuch, eine nicht existierende Notiz zu löschen, ist kein Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "liest Objektnamen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "Notiz-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "verwendet Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Unbekanntes Unterkommando: %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [Optionen...] [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [Optionen...] Basis-Name [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Komprimieren (%d)"
@@ -4309,12 +7659,12 @@
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2398
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
-msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Bereitstellungsversion %s"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Staging-Area-Version %s"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2402
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
-msgstr "Ungültige Bereitstellungsversion '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültige Staging-Area-Version '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2425
 #, c-format
@@ -4326,15 +7676,176 @@
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr "konnte Wert '%s' für Option %s nicht parsen"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:45
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2448
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "zeigt keine Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2450
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "zeigt Fortschrittsanzeige"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2452
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "zeigt Forschrittsanzeige während der Phase des Schreibens der Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "ähnlich zu --all-progress wenn Fortschrittsanzeige darstellt wird"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2457
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"schreibt die Index-Datei des Paketes in der angegebenen Indexformat-Version"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2460
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede ausgegebene Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2462
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignoriert geliehene Objekte von alternativem Objektspeicher"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2464
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignoriert gepackte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2466
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "begrenzt Paketfenster durch Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2468
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "begrenzt Paketfenster, zusätzlich zur Objektbegrenzung, durch Speicher"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2470
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"maximale Länge der erlaubten Differenzverkettung im resultierenden Paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2472
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "verwendet existierende Unterschiede wieder"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2474
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "verwendet existierende Objekte wieder"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2476
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "verwendet OFS_DELTA Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2478
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"verwendet Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Übereinstimmungen bei "
+"Unterschieden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2480
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "erzeugt keine leeren Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2482
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "liest Argumente bezüglich Commits von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2484
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "begrenzt die Objekte zu solchen, die noch nicht gepackt wurden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2487
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "schließt Objekte ein, die von jeder Referenz erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2490
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"schließt Objekte ein, die von Einträgen des Reflogs referenziert werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2493
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "schreibt Paket in die Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2495
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "schließt Tag-Objekte ein, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "behält nicht erreichbare Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "Zeit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2499
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "entpackt nicht erreichbare Objekte, die neuer als <Zeit> sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2502
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "erzeugt dünnere Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2504
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignoriert Pakete die .keep Dateien haben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2506
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "Komprimierungsgrad für Paketierung"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2508
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "verbirgt keine Commits mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\")"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "packt alles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "entfernt lose Referenzen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "nicht löschen, nur anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "meldet gelöschte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "lässt Objekte älter als <Zeit> verfallen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:47
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
-msgstr "Kurzschrift für Markierung ohne <Markierung>"
+msgstr "Kurzschrift für Tag ohne <Tag>"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:64
+#: builtin/push.c:66
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
-msgstr "--delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenz-Namen als Ziel"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenznamen als Ziel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:101
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
@@ -4343,7 +7854,7 @@
 "Um eine Variante permanent zu verwenden, siehe push.default in 'git help "
 "config'."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:104
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
@@ -4357,19 +7868,19 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Der Name des externen Übernahmezweiges stimmt nicht mit dem Namen deines\n"
-"aktuellen Zweiges überein. Um auf den Übernahmezweig in dem externen\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"Der Name des Upstream-Branches stimmt nicht mit dem Namen Ihres\n"
+"aktuellen Branches überein. Um auf den Upstream-Branch in dem Remote-\n"
+"Repository zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
 "\n"
-"Um auf den Zweig mit dem selben Namen in dem externen Projekarchiv\n"
-"zu versenden, benutze:\n"
+"Um auf den Branch mit dem selben Namen im Remote-Repository zu versenden,\n"
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:119
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -4378,13 +7889,13 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Du befindest dich sich im Moment auf keinem Zweig.\n"
-"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (freistehende Zweigspitze (HEAD))\n"
-"Status zu versenden, benutze\n"
+"Sie befinden sich im Moment auf keinem Branch.\n"
+"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (losgelöster HEAD)\n"
+"Status zu versenden, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
-"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-externen-Zweiges>\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-Remote-Branches>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:133
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -4392,29 +7903,30 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Der aktuelle Zweig %s hat keinen Zweig im externen Projektarchiv.\n"
-"Um den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden und das Fernarchiv als externes\n"
-"Projektarchiv zu verwenden, benutze\n"
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat keinen Upstream-Branch.\n"
+"Um den aktuellen Branch zu versenden und den Remote-Branch\n"
+"als Upstream-Branch zu setzen, benutzen Sie\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
-msgstr "Der aktuelle Zweig %s hat mehrere externe Zweige, Versand verweigert."
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat mehrere Upstream-Branches, \"push\" verweigert."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
 "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Du versendest nach '%s', welches kein externes Projektarchiv deines\n"
-"aktuellen Zweiges '%s' ist, ohne mir mitzuteilen, was ich versenden\n"
-"soll, um welchen externen Zweig zu aktualisieren."
+"Sie versenden nach '%s', welches kein Upstream-Repository Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches '%s' ist, ohne anzugeben, was versendet werden soll, um welchen\n"
+"Remote-Branch zu aktualisieren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:167
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -4434,42 +7946,43 @@
 "'push.default' ist nicht gesetzt; der implizit gesetzte Wert\n"
 "wird in Git 2.0 von 'matching' nach 'simple' geändert. Um diese Meldung zu\n"
 "unterdrücken und das aktuelle Verhalten nach Änderung des Standardwertes\n"
-"beizubehalten, benutze:"
+"beizubehalten, benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
 "\n"
-"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu übernehmen,\n"
-"benutze:\n"
+"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu übernehmen, "
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
 "\n"
 "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
 "\n"
-"Führe 'git help config' aus und suche nach 'push.default' für weitere "
-"Informationen.\n"
-"(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutze den ähnlichen"
-" Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls du gelegentlich ältere Versionen von"
-" Git benutzt.)"
+"Führen Sie 'git help config' aus und suchen Sie nach 'push.default' für "
+"weitere Informationen.\n"
+"(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutze den ähnlichen "
+"Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls Sie gelegentlich ältere Versionen "
+"von Git benutzen.)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:227
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast keine Referenzspezifikationen zum Versenden angegeben, und push."
-"default ist \"nothing\"."
+"Sie haben keine Refspec für \"push\" angegeben, und push.default ist "
+"\"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:234
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze deines aktuellen\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führe die\n"
-"externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führen Sie\n"
+"die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie \"push\"\n"
+"erneut ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:240
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -4477,43 +7990,79 @@
 "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn du nicht\n"
-"beabsichtigt hast, diesen Zweig zu versenden, kannst du auch den zu "
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn Sie "
+"nicht\n"
+"beabsichtigt haben, diesen Branch zu versenden, können Sie auch den zu "
 "versendenden\n"
-"Zweig spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
+"Branch spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
 "'simple', 'current'\n"
-"oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Zweig zu versenden."
+"oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Branch zu versenden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:246
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
-"Zweiges hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checke diesen\n"
-"Zweig aus und führe die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull')\n"
-"bevor du erneut versendest.\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checken Sie\n"
+"diesen Branch aus und führen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammen\n"
+"(z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
 "Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
 "für weitere Details."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Remote-Repository Commits "
+"enthält,\n"
+"die lokal nicht vorhanden sind. Das wird üblicherweise durch einen \"push\" "
+"von\n"
+"Commits auf dieselbe Referenz von einem anderen Repository aus verursacht.\n"
+"Vielleicht müssen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammenzuführen (z.B. 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Tag bereits\n"
+"im Remote-Repository existiert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können keine Remote-Referenz aktualisieren, die auf ein Objekt zeigt,\n"
+"das kein Commit ist, oder es auf ein solches Objekt zeigen lassen, ohne\n"
+"die Option '--force' zu verwenden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Versende nach %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Versenden einiger Referenzen nach '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
-msgstr "ungültiges Projektarchiv '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiges Repository '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:366
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -4525,43 +8074,274 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Kein Ziel zum Versenden konfiguriert.\n"
-"Entweder spezifizierst du die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurierst "
-"ein externes Projektarchiv unter Benutzung von\n"
+"Kein Ziel für \"push\" konfiguriert.\n"
+"Entweder spezifizieren Sie die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurieren "
+"ein Remote-Repository unter Benutzung von\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <Name> <URL>\n"
 "\n"
-"und versendest dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens\n"
+"und führen \"push\" dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens aus\n"
 "\n"
 "    git push <Name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:381
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:382
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --all kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:387
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
-msgstr "--mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:388
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror kann nicht mit Referenzspezifikationen kombiniert werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:393
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
-msgstr "--all und --mirror sind inkompatibel"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --mirror sind inkompatibel."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:453
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:454
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "versendet alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:455
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "spiegelt alle Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:457
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "löscht Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:458
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "versendet Tags (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror verwendet werden)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:461
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "erzwingt Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "Referenzname>:<Erwartungswert"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "Referenz muss sich auf dem angegebenen Wert befinden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:467
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "steuert rekursiven \"push\" von Submodulen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:469
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "verwendet kleinere Pakete"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "'receive pack' Programm"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:472
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "setzt Upstream für \"git pull/status\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:475
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "entfernt lokal gelöschte Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "umgeht \"pre-push hook\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "versendet fehlende, aber relevante Tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
-msgstr "--delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:490
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
-msgstr "--delete macht ohne irgendeine Referenz keinen Sinn"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete kann nur mit Referenzen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<Präfix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Commit-Referenz1> [<Commit-Referenz2> "
+"[<Commit-Referenz3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "schreibt resultierende Staging-Area nach <Datei>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "leert die Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Merge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "führt einen Merge zusätzlich zum Lesen aus"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge, wenn kein Merge auf Dateiebene erforderlich ist"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "genau wie -m, verwirft aber nicht zusammengeführte Einträge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "liest das Verzeichnis in die Staging-Area unter <Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Arbeitsverzeichnis mit dem Ergebnis des Merges"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "erlaubt explizit ignorierte Dateien zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "prüft nicht das Arbeitsverzeichnis nach dem Merge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "aktualisiert weder die Staging-Area, noch das Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "überspringt Anwendung des Filters für spärliches Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "protokolliert Entpacken der Bäume"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' für '%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <Branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <alt> <neu>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | <Remote>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <Name> <neueURL> [<alteURL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <Name> <neueURL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<Optionen>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesRepository>]..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
@@ -4574,37 +8354,69 @@
 "\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
 msgstr ""
 "--mirror ist gefährlich und veraltet; bitte\n"
-"\t benutze stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
+"\t benutzen Sie stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
 msgstr "unbekanntes Argument für Option --mirror: %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "fordert die Remote-Branches an"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importiert alle Tags und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "oder fordere gar keine Zweige an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "Branch(es) zur Übernahme"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "Hauptbranch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"Aufsetzen des Remote-Repositories als Spiegel-Repository für \"push\" und "
+"\"fetch\""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
-msgstr "Angabe eines Hauptzweiges macht mit --mirror keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit der Angabe eines Hauptbranches verwendet "
+"werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
 msgstr ""
-"die Angabe von zu folgenden Zweigen macht nur mit dem Abholen von "
-"Spiegelarchiven Sinn"
+"Die Angabe von zu folgenden Branches kann nur mit dem Anfordern von "
+"Spiegelarchiven verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote %s already exists."
-msgstr "externes Projektarchiv %s existiert bereits"
+msgstr "externes Repository %s existiert bereits"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
-msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein externes Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein Remote-Repository"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptzweig von '%s' nicht einrichten"
+msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptbranch von '%s' nicht einrichten"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:299
 #, c-format
@@ -4614,7 +8426,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Abholungszuordnung für Referenzspezifikation %s nicht bekommen"
+msgstr "Konnte Fetch-Map für Refspec %s nicht bekommen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
@@ -4632,7 +8444,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote: %s"
-msgstr "Kein solches externes Archiv: %s"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:656
 #, c-format
@@ -4651,10 +8463,9 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Referenzspezifikation zum "
-"Abholen\n"
+"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Refspec für \"fetch\"\n"
 "\t%s\n"
-"\tBitte aktualisiere, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
+"\tBitte aktualisieren Sie, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:683
 #, c-format
@@ -4679,7 +8490,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:764
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
-msgstr "Konnte Zweig %s nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Konnte Branch %s nicht löschen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:834
 msgid ""
@@ -4689,18 +8500,18 @@
 "Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
 "to delete them, use:"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Hinweis: Ein Zweig außerhalb der /refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
-"entfernt;\n"
-"um diesen zu entfernen, benutze:"
+"Hinweis: Ein Branch außerhalb der refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
+"gelöscht;\n"
+"um diesen zu löschen, benutzen Sie:"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Hinweis: Einige Zweige außer der /refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
+"Hinweis: Einige Branches außer der refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
 "entfernt;\n"
-"um diese zu entfernen, benutze:"
+"um diese zu entfernen, benutzen Sie:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:943
 #, c-format
 msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
-msgstr " neu (wird bei nächster Abholung in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
+msgstr " neu (wird bei nächstem \"fetch\" in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:946
 msgid " tracked"
@@ -4708,7 +8519,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:948
 msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
-msgstr " veraltet (benutze 'git remote prune' zum Entfernen)"
+msgstr " veraltet (benutzen Sie 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:950
 msgid " ???"
@@ -4717,30 +8528,30 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:991
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
-msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann nicht auf > 1 Zweig neu aufbauen"
+msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann Rebase nicht auf > 1 Branch ausführen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:998
 #, c-format
 msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
-msgstr "baut neu auf externen Zweig %s auf"
+msgstr "Rebase auf Remote-Branch %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1001
 #, c-format
 msgid " merges with remote %s"
-msgstr " führt mit externem Zweig %s zusammen"
+msgstr " führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1002
 msgid "    and with remote"
-msgstr "    und mit externem Zweig"
+msgstr "    und mit Remote-Branch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1004
 #, c-format
 msgid "merges with remote %s"
-msgstr "führt mit externem Zweig %s zusammen"
+msgstr "führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1005
 msgid "   and with remote"
-msgstr "   und mit externem Zweig"
+msgstr "   und mit Remote-Branch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1051
 msgid "create"
@@ -4782,10 +8593,14 @@
 msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
 msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %s"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "keine Abfrage von Remote-Repositories"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
 msgid "* remote %s"
-msgstr "* externes Projektarchiv %s"
+msgstr "* Remote-Repository %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1119
 #, c-format
@@ -4804,22 +8619,22 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
 #, c-format
 msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
-msgstr "  Hauptzweig: %s"
+msgstr "  Hauptbranch: %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1139
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
 msgstr ""
-"  Hauptzweig (externer Hauptzweig ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
+"  Hauptbranch (externer HEAD ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
 "sein):\n"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1151
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
 msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
-msgstr[0] "  externer Zweig:%s"
-msgstr[1] "  externe Zweige:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Remote-Branch:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Remote-Branches:%s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
 msgid " (status not queried)"
@@ -4828,8 +8643,8 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1163
 msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
 msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
-msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Zweig konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
-msgstr[1] "  Lokale Zweige konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Branch konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Branches konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1171
 msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
@@ -4842,14 +8657,22 @@
 msgstr[0] "  Lokale Referenz konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
 msgstr[1] "  Lokale Referenzen konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
 
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Remote-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "entfernt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
-msgstr "Kann Hauptzweig des externen Projektarchivs nicht bestimmen"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD des Remote-Repositories nicht bestimmen"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1218
 msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
 msgstr ""
-"Mehrere Hauptzweige im externen Projektarchiv. Bitte wähle explizit einen "
+"Mehrere Hauptbranches im Remote-Repository. Bitte wählen Sie explizit einen "
 "aus mit:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1228
@@ -4880,7 +8703,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pruning %s"
-msgstr "entferne veraltete Zweige von %s"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches von %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1282
 #, c-format
@@ -4890,25 +8713,46 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1295
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [would prune] %s"
-msgstr " * [würde veralteten Zweig entfernen] %s"
+msgstr " * [würde veralteten Branch entfernen] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1298
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
-msgstr "* [veralteten Zweig entfernt] %s"
+msgstr "* [veralteten Branch entfernt] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "entfernt veraltete Branches im Remote-Repository nach \"fetch\""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
-msgstr "Kein solches externes Projektarchiv '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "fügt Branch hinzu"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
-msgstr "kein externes Projektarchiv angegeben"
+msgstr "kein Remote-Repository angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuliert URLs für \"push\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "fügt URL hinzu"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "löscht URLs"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
-msgstr "--add --delete macht keinen Sinn"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --add und --delete können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1487
 #, c-format
@@ -4922,7 +8766,119 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1497
 msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
-msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für den Versand bestimmt sind"
+msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für \"push\" bestimmt sind"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben; muss vor einem Unterkommando angegeben werden"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr "git repack [Optionen]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "packt alles in eine einzige Pack-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "genau wie -a, unerreichbare Objekte werden aber nicht gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "entfernt redundante Pakete und führt \"git-prune-packed\" aus"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "übergibt --no-reuse-delta an git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "übergibt --no-reuse-object an git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "git-update-server-info nicht ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "übergibt --local an git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "Datumsangabe"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "mit -A, löscht keine Objekte älter als dieses Datum"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "Größe des Fensters für die Delta-Kompression"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "gleiches wie oben, limitiert aber die Speichergröße anstatt der\n"
+"Anzahl der Einträge"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limitiert die maximale Delta-Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Löschen von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <Objekt> <Ersetzung>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "listet ersetzende Referenzen auf"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "löscht ersetzende Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "ersetzt die Referenz, wenn sie existiert"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clean | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registriert saubere Auflösungen in der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <Commit-Referenz> [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<Commit-Referenz>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -4944,133 +8900,522 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "keep"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
-msgstr "Du hast keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Sie haben keinen gültigen HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes der Zweigspitze (HEAD)."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des Baumes von %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Konnte neue Bereitstellungsdatei nicht schreiben."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
-msgstr "Zweigspitze (HEAD) ist jetzt bei %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Nicht bereitgestellte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
-msgstr ""
-"Kann keine '%s' Zurücksetzung durchführen, während eine Zusammenführung im "
-"Gange ist."
+msgstr "Kann keinen '%s'-Reset durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben, meldet nur Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD und Staging-Area um"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "setzt nur HEAD um"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD, Staging-Area und Arbeitsverzeichnis um"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "setzt HEAD um, behält aber lokale Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültigen Commit auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültiges \"Tree\"-Objekt auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutze stattdessen 'git reset -- <Pfade>'."
+"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git reset -- "
+"<Pfade>'."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
-msgstr "Eine '%s' Zurücksetzung mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Ein '%s'-Reset mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
-msgstr "'%s' Zurücksetzung ist in einem bloßen Projektarchiv nicht erlaubt"
+msgstr "'%s'-Reset ist in einem Bare-Repository nicht erlaubt"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsdatei nicht zu Version '%s' zurücksetzen."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht zu Commit '%s' setzen."
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [Optionen] -- [<Argumente>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "lässt `--` als Argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "stoppt das Parsen nach dem ersten Argument was keine Option ist"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [Optionen] -- [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse [Optionen] [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei "
+"erster Verwendung aus."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [Optionen] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <Unterkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [Optionen] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <Unterkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s benutzt werden"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s verwendet werden"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:131
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "beendet \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "setzt \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf fort"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "bricht \"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf ab"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "committet nicht automatisch"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "Nummer des Elternteils"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "Option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "hängt Commit-Namen an"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "erlaubt Vorspulen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "erhält ursprüngliche, leere Commits"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "erlaubt Commits mit leerer Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "behält redundante, leere Commits"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "Programmfehler"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:221
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:236
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"das folgende Submodul (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzt ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Submodule (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzen ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen "
+"unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat bereitgestellten Inhalt unterschiedlich zu der Datei und der\n"
-"Zweigspitze (HEAD) (benutze -f um die Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie -f um die Löschung zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat Änderungen in der Bereitstellung\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"'%s' hat lokale Modifikationen\n"
-"(benutze --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die Entfernung zu "
-"erzwingen)"
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat lokale Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben lokale Änderungen:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "listet keine gelöschten Dateien auf"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "entfernt nur aus der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "überschreibt die \"up-to-date\" Prüfung"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "erlaubt rekursive Entfernung"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "beendet mit Rückgabewert 0, wenn keine Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "'%s' wird nicht ohne -r rekursiv entfernt"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
-msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht löschen"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<Optionen>] [Commitbereich] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "fehlender Autor: %s"
 
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sortiert die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Commits pro Autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Unterdrückt Commit-Beschreibungen, liefert nur Anzahl der Commits"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Zeigt die Email-Adresse von jedem Autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe mit Zeilenumbrüchen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<Wann>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<Commit> "
+"| <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<Basis>]] [--list] [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "zeigt Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches an"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "zeigt Remote-Tracking-Branches an"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "färbt '*!+-' entsprechend des Branches ein"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> weitere Commits nach dem gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "Synonym für more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "unterdrückt Namen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "bezieht den aktuellen Branch ein"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "benennt Commits nach ihren Objektnamen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "zeigt mögliche Merge-Basen an"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "zeigt Referenzen die unerreichbar von allen anderen Referenzen sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "zeigt Commits in topologischer Ordnung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:672
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Commits, die sich nicht im ersten Branch befinden"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "zeigt Merges, die nur von einem Branch aus erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "topologische Sortierung, Beibehaltung Datumsordnung wo möglich"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<Basis>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "zeigt die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Reflog beginnend an der Basis"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=Muster] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Tags (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Branches (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "strengere Referenzprüfung, erfordert exakten Referenzpfad"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "zeigt die HEAD-Referenz, selbst wenn diese ausgefiltert werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "dereferenziert Tags in Objekt-Identifikationen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "zeigt nur SHA1 Hash mit <n> Ziffern"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Ausgabe der Ergebnisse in die Standard-Ausgabe (nützlich mit --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"zeigt Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe, die sich nicht im lokalen "
+"Repository befinden, an"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [Optionen] name [ref]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"unterdrückt Fehlermeldungen für nicht-symbolische (losgelöste) Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "löscht symbolische Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "verkürzte Ausgabe der Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "Grund"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "Grund für die Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Nachricht>|-F <Datei>] <Tagname> "
+"[<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <Tagname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Commit>] [--points-at <Objekt>] \n"
+"\t\t[<Muster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <Tagname>..."
+
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
@@ -5079,177 +9424,412 @@
 #: builtin/tag.c:207
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
-msgstr "Markierungsname zu lang: %.*s..."
+msgstr "Tagname zu lang: %.*s..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' nicht gefunden."
+msgstr "Tag '%s' nicht gefunden."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Gelöschte Markierung '%s' (war %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' gelöscht (war %s)\n"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
-msgstr "Konnte Markierung '%s' nicht verifizieren"
+msgstr "Konnte Tag '%s' nicht verifizieren"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Tag-Beschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Gebe eine Markierungsbeschreibung ein\n"
-"# Zeilen, die mit '#' beginnen, werden behalten; du darfst diese\n"
-"# selbst entfernen wenn du möchtest.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Tag-Beschreibung ein.\n"
+"Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden behalten; Sie dürfen diese\n"
+"selbst entfernen wenn Sie möchten.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
-msgstr "konnte Markierung nicht signieren"
+msgstr "konnte Tag nicht signieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
-msgstr "konnte Markierungsdatei nicht schreiben"
+msgstr "konnte Tag-Datei nicht schreiben"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "ungültiger Objekt-Typ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
-msgstr "Markierungskopf zu groß."
+msgstr "Tag-Kopf zu groß."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
-msgstr "keine Markierungsbeschreibung?"
+msgstr "keine Tag-Beschreibung?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
-msgstr "Die Markierungsbeschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
+msgstr "Die Tag-Beschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "Option 'points-at' erfordert ein Objekt"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "fehlerhafter Objekt-Name '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "listet Tagnamen auf"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "zeigt <n> Zeilen jeder Tag-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "löscht Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "überprüft Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "Tag-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annotiertes und GPG-signiertes Tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "verwendet einen anderen Schlüssel um das Tag zu signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "ersetzt das Tag, wenn es existiert"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "zeigt Liste der Tags in Spalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "gibt nur Tags aus, die diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "gibt nur Tags von dem Objekt aus"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column und -n sind inkompatibel"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "-n Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--contains Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--points-at Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "nur eine -F oder -m Option ist erlaubt."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
-msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Markierungsname."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Tagname."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
-msgstr "Markierung '%s' existiert bereits"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' existiert bereits"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht sperren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Aktualisierte Markierung '%s' (war %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aktualisiert (war %s)\n"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [Optionen] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr ""
-"Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem spezifischen "
-"Kommando"
+"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn die Staging-Area aktualisiert werden "
+"muss"
 
-#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
-msgid "n"
-msgstr "Anzahl"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:723
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Submodule"
 
-#: parse-options.h:141
-msgid "time"
-msgstr "Zeit"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ignoriert keine neuen Dateien"
 
-#: parse-options.h:149
-msgid "file"
-msgstr "Datei"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "lässt Dateien Verzeichnisse ersetzen, und umgedreht"
 
-#: parse-options.h:151
-msgid "when"
-msgstr "wann"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "beachtet fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"aktualisiert, auch wenn die Staging-Area nicht zusammengeführte Einträge "
+"beinhaltet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "aktualisiert Dateiinformationen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "wie --refresh, ignoriert aber \"assume-unchanged\" Einstellung"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<Modus> <Objekt> <Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "merkt den angegebenen Eintrag zum Commit vor"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "überschreibt das \"ausführbar\"-Bit der aufgelisteten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "betrachte diese Datei immer als unverändert"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:756
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "löscht \"assumed-unchanged\"-Bit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:759
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "markiert Dateien als \"index-only\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "löscht \"skip-worktree\"-Bit"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"merkt die Änderungen nur zum Commit vor; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-"
+"Datenbank hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"löscht benannte Pfade, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsverzeichnis befinden"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "mit --stdin: eingegebene Zeilen sind durch NUL-Bytes abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "liest Liste der zu aktualisierenden Pfade von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "merkt Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe zum Commit vor"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"wiederholtes Einpflegen der Zustände #2 und #3 für die aufgelisteten Pfade"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "aktualisiert nur Einträge, die unterschiedlich zu HEAD sind"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignoriert fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "gibt die Aktionen in der Standard-Ausgabe aus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(für Fremdprogramme) keine gespeicherten, nicht aufgelöste Konflikte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "schreibt Staging-Area-Datei in diesem Format"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [Optionen] -d <Referenzname> [<alterWert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [Optionen]    <Referenzname> <neuerWert> [<alterWert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [Optionen] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "löscht diese Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "aktualisiert <Referenzname>, nicht den Verweis"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "Standard-Eingabe hat durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossene Argumente"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "liest Aktualisierungen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "aktualisiert die Informationsdateien von Grund auf"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <Paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "zeigt nur Statistiken"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <Tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "gibt Tag-Inhalte aus"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<Präfix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<Präfix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "schreibt das \"Tree\"-Objekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Präfix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "nur nützlich für Fehlersuche"
+
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' und 'git help -g' listet verfügbare Unterkommandos und\n"
+"einige Anleitungen zu Git-Konzepten auf. Benutzen Sie 'git help <Kommando>'\n"
+"oder 'git help <Konzept>' um mehr über ein spezifisches Kommando oder\n"
+"Konzept zu erfahren."
+
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "Verfallsdatum"
+
+#: parse-options.h:161
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "Kein Effekt (Rückwärtskompatibilität)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:246
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "benutze <n> Ziffern zur Anzeige von SHA-1s"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:8
 msgid "Add file contents to the index"
-msgstr "stellt Dateiinhalte zur Eintragung bereit"
+msgstr "merkt Dateiinhalte zum Commit vor"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:9
 msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
@@ -5258,40 +9838,41 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:10
 msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
-msgstr "Zeigt an, erstellt oder entfernt Zweige"
+msgstr "Zeigt an, erstellt oder entfernt Branches"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:11
 msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
-msgstr "Checkt Zweige oder Pfade im Arbeitszweig aus"
+msgstr "Checkt Branches oder Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis aus"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:12
 msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
-msgstr "Klont ein Projektarchiv in einem neuen Verzeichnis"
+msgstr "Klont ein Repository in einem neuen Verzeichnis"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:13
 msgid "Record changes to the repository"
-msgstr "Trägt Änderungen in das Projektarchiv ein"
+msgstr "Trägt Änderungen in das Repository ein"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:14
 msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
-msgstr "Zeigt Änderungen zwischen Versionen, Version und Arbeitszweig, etc. an"
+msgstr ""
+"Zeigt Änderungen zwischen Commits, Commit und Arbeitsverzeichnis, etc. an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:15
 msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
-msgstr "Lädt Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Projektarchiv herunter"
+msgstr "Lädt Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Repository herunter"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:16
 msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "Stellt Zeilen dar, die einem Muster entsprechen"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
-"Erstellt ein leeres Git-Projektarchiv oder initialisiert ein bestehendes neu"
+"Erstellt ein leeres Git-Repository oder initialisiert ein bestehendes neu"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
-msgstr "Zeigt Versionshistorie an"
+msgstr "Zeigt Commit-Historie an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:19
 msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
@@ -5300,31 +9881,30 @@
 #: common-cmds.h:20
 msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
 msgstr ""
-"Verschiebt oder benennt eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder eine symbolische "
-"Verknüpfung um"
+"Verschiebt oder benennt eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder einen symbolischen "
+"Verweis um"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
 msgstr ""
-"Fordert Objekte von einem externen Projektarchiv an und führt sie mit einem "
-"anderen Projektarchiv oder einem lokalen Zweig zusammen"
+"Fordert Objekte von einem externen Repository an und führt sie mit einem "
+"anderen Repository oder einem lokalen Branch zusammen"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
-msgstr "Aktualisiert externe Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten"
+msgstr "Aktualisiert Remote-Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:23
 msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
-msgstr "Baut lokale Versionen auf einem aktuellerem externen Zweig neu auf"
+msgstr "Baut lokale Commits auf einem aktuellerem Upstream-Branch neu auf"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
-msgstr ""
-"Setzt die aktuelle Zweigspitze (HEAD) zu einem spezifizierten Zustand zurück"
+msgstr "Setzt aktuellen HEAD zu einem spezifizierten Zustand"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:25
 msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
-msgstr "Löscht Dateien im Arbeitszweig und von der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "Löscht Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis und von der Staging-Area"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:26
 msgid "Show various types of objects"
@@ -5332,55 +9912,53 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:27
 msgid "Show the working tree status"
-msgstr "Zeigt den Zustand des Arbeitszweiges an"
+msgstr "Zeigt den Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses an"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:28
 msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
 msgstr ""
-"Erzeugt, listet auf, löscht oder verifiziert ein mit GPG signiertes "
-"Markierungsobjekt"
+"Erzeugt, listet auf, löscht oder verifiziert ein mit GPG signiertes Tag-"
+"Objekt"
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
-msgstr "Du musst zuerst die Informationen des Eintragenden setzen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Informationen zum Commit-Ersteller setzen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:95
 msgid ""
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
 msgstr ""
-"Du scheinst seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' die Zweigspitze (HEAD)\n"
-"geändert zu haben.\n"
+"Sie scheinen seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' HEAD geändert zu haben.\n"
 "Keine Zurücksetzung zu ORIG_HEAD."
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du das Problem gelöst hast, führe \"$cmdline --resolved\" aus.\n"
-"Falls du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"$cmdline --skip"
-"\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
-"Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"Wenn Sie das Problem gelöst haben, führen Sie \"$cmdline --continue\" aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der\n"
+"Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
 msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
-msgstr "Kann nicht zu 3-Wege-Zusammenführung zurückfallen."
+msgstr "Kann nicht zu 3-Wege-Merge zurückfallen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Dem Projektarchiv fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf eine 3-Wege-Zusammenführung "
+"Dem Repository fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf einen 3-Wege-Merge "
 "zurückzufallen."
 
 #: git-am.sh:139
 msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
 msgstr ""
-"Verwende Informationen aus der Bereitstellung um einen Basisbaum "
+"Verwende Informationen aus der Staging-Area um einen Basisverzeichnis "
 "nachzustellen"
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
@@ -5388,16 +9966,16 @@
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
-"Hast du den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
+"Haben Sie den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
 "Er kann nicht auf die Blobs in seiner 'index' Zeile angewendet werden."
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
-msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und der 3-Wege-Zusammenführung..."
+msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und des 3-Wege-Merges..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:179
 msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
-msgstr "Zusammenführung der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Merge der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
 
 #: git-am.sh:274
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
@@ -5420,28 +9998,35 @@
 "Die -b/--binary Option hat seit Langem keinen Effekt und wird\n"
 "entfernt. Bitte nicht mehr verwenden."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
-"Vorheriges Verzeichnis des Neuaufbaus $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox "
-"gegeben."
+"Vorheriges Rebase-Verzeichnis $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox gegeben."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
-msgstr "Bitte werde dir klar. --skip oder --abort?"
+msgstr "Bitte werden Sie sich klar. --skip oder --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Stray $dotest Verzeichnis gefunden.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\" um es zu entfernen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Es ist keine Auflösung im Gange, es wird nicht fortgesetzt."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
-msgstr ""
-"Unsaubere Bereitstellung: kann Patches nicht anwenden (unsauber: $files)"
+msgstr "Geänderte Staging-Area: kann Patches nicht anwenden (geändert: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -5449,80 +10034,89 @@
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Patch ist leer. Wurde er falsch aufgeteilt?\n"
-"Wenn du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"$cmdline --skip"
-"\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+"Wenn Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
 "Patches\n"
-"abzubrechen, führe \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+"abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
-msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige eMail-Adresse."
+msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige Email-Adresse."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "Kann nicht interaktiv sein, ohne dass die Standard-Eingabe mit einem "
 "Terminal verbunden ist."
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
-msgstr "Beschreibung der Eintragung ist:"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung ist:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "Anwenden? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Wende an: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
-"Keine Änderungen - hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
-"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Bereitstellen vorhanden sind, könnten\n"
-"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; du könntest diesen Patch\n"
+"Keine Änderungen - haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
+"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Commit vorzumerken sind, könnten\n"
+"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; Sie könnten diesen Patch\n"
 "auslassen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Du hast immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Bereitstellung.\n"
-"Hast du vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
+"Sie haben immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Staging-Area.\n"
+"Haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen -- Patches bereits angewendet."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Kopie des fehlgeschlagenen Patches befindet sich in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "wende zu leerer Historie an"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:48
 msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
-msgstr "Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
+msgstr "Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:54
 msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Willst du, dass ich es für dich mache [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Wollen Sie, dass ich es für Sie mache [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
@@ -5532,27 +10126,27 @@
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "'$arg' scheint keine gültige Version zu sein"
+msgstr "'$arg' scheint kein gültiger Commit zu sein"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
-msgstr "Ungültige Zweigspitze (HEAD) - Zweigspitze (HEAD) wird benötigt"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - HEAD wird benötigt"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:130
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuche 'git bisect reset "
-"<gueltigerzweig>'."
+"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset "
+"<gueltigerbranch>'."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
 msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
-msgstr "\"bisect\" auf gesuchtem Zweig nicht möglich"
+msgstr "binäre Suche auf gesuchtem Branch nicht möglich"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:144
 msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
-msgstr "Ungültige Zweigspitze (HEAD) - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:189
 #, sh-format
@@ -5566,7 +10160,7 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
-msgstr "Bitte rufe 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
+msgstr "Bitte rufen Sie 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:244
 #, sh-format
@@ -5581,22 +10175,23 @@
 #. this is less optimum.
 #: git-bisect.sh:273
 msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
-msgstr "Warnung: halbiere nur mit einer fehlerhaften Version"
+msgstr "Warnung: binäre Suche nur mit einem fehlerhaften Commit"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
 #: git-bisect.sh:279
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
-msgstr "Bist du sicher [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sind Sie sicher [Y/n]? "
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:289
 msgid ""
 "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"Sie müssen mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
+"angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:292
 msgid ""
@@ -5604,72 +10199,72 @@
 "You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
-"Danach musst du mindestens eine korrekte und eine fehlerhafte Version "
+"Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
+"Danach müssen Sie mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
 "angeben.\n"
-"(Du kannst dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
-msgstr "Wir sind nicht beim Halbieren."
+msgstr "keine binäre Suche im Gange"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
-msgstr "'$invalid' ist keine gültige Version"
+msgstr "'$invalid' ist kein gültiger Commit"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Konnte die ursprüngliche Zweigspitze (HEAD) '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
-"Versuche 'git bisect reset <Version>'."
+"Konnte den ursprünglichen HEAD '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset <Commit>'."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Keine Log-Datei gegeben"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kann $file nicht für das Abspielen lesen"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
-msgstr "?? Was redest du da?"
+msgstr "?? Was reden Sie da?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "führe $command aus"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "Rückkehrwert $res von '$command' ist < 0 oder >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
-msgstr "Ausführung der Halbierung kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
+msgstr "'bisect run' kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
-"Ausführung der Halbierung fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' wurde mit Fehlerwert $res beendet"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
-msgstr "Halbierung erfolgreich ausgeführt"
+msgstr "'bisect run' erfolgreich ausgeführt"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
@@ -5677,91 +10272,117 @@
 "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
 "as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast.\n"
-"Bitte korrigiere dies im Arbeitsbaum und benutze dann 'git add/rm <Datei>'\n"
-"um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder benutze 'git commit -a'."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben.\n"
+"Bitte korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis und benutzen Sie dann \n"
+"'git add/rm <Datei>' um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren, oder\n"
+"benutzen Sie 'git commit -a'."
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
-"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil du nicht zusammengeführte Dateien hast."
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:223
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
-"Aktualisiere eine ungeborenen Zweig mit Änderungen, die zur Bereitstellung "
-"hinzugefügt wurden"
+"Aktualisiere einen ungeborenen Branch mit Änderungen, die zum Commit "
+"vorgemerkt sind"
 
 #. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:255
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
 "Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
-"Warnung: Die Anforderung aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Zweiges.\n"
-"Warnung: Spule deinen Arbeitszweig von Version $orig_head vor."
+"Warnung: \"fetch\" aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Branches.\n"
+"Warnung: Spule Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis von Commit $orig_head vor."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:280
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
-msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Zweige in einen ungeborenen Zweig zusammenführen"
+msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Branches in einen ungeborenen Branch zusammenführen"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
-msgstr "kann nicht auf mehrere Zweige neu aufbauen"
+msgstr "kann Rebase nicht auf mehrere Branches ausführen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:52
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
 "\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Wenn du das Problem aufgelöst hast, führe \"git rebase --continue\" aus.\n"
-"Falls du diesen Patch auslassen möchtest, führe stattdessen \"git rebase --"
-"skip\" aus.\n"
-"Um den ursprünglichen Zweig wiederherzustellen und den Neuaufbau "
-"abzubrechen,\n"
-"führe \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"git "
+"rebase --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und den Rebase abzubrechen,\n"
+"führen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "\"autostash\" angewendet."
 
 #: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kann $stash_sha1 nicht speichern."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Anwendung von \"autostash\" resultierte in Konflikten.\n"
+"Ihre Änderungen sind im Stash sicher.\n"
+"Sie können jederzeit \"git stash pop\" oder \"git stash drop\" ausführen.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
-msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Neuaufbau zurückgewiesen."
+msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Rebase zurückgewiesen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:164
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
-msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann nicht neu aufbauen."
+msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann Rebase nicht durchführen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:295
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
-msgstr "Die --exec Option muss mit der --interactive Option benutzt werden"
+msgstr "Die Option --exec muss mit --interactive verwendet werden."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:300
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
-msgstr "Kein Neuaufbau im Gange?"
+msgstr "Kein Rebase im Gange?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:313
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven Rebase verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
-msgstr "Kann Zweigspitze (HEAD) nicht lesen"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD nicht lesen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:316
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
 msgstr ""
-"Du musst alle Zusammenführungskonflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
+"Sie müssen alle Merge-Konflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
 "mittels \"git add\" als aufgelöst markieren"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:334
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Konnte nicht zu $head_name zurückgehen"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:350
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -5774,67 +10395,76 @@
 "valuable there."
 msgstr ""
 "Es sieht so aus, als ob es das Verzeichnis $state_dir_base bereits gibt\n"
-"und es könnte ein anderer Neuaufbau im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
-"probiere bitte\n"
+"und es könnte ein anderer Rebase im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
+"probieren Sie bitte\n"
 "\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
-"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probiere bitte\n"
+"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probieren Sie bitte\n"
 "\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
-"und führe dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
+"und führen Sie dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
 "etwas Schützenswertes vorhanden ist."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
-msgstr "ungültiger Übernahmezweig $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ungültiger Upstream-Branch $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:419
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
-msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Merge-Basis"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:422 git-rebase.sh:426
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
-msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Zusammenführungsbasis"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Merge-Basis"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
-msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keine gültige Version"
+msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keinen gültigen Commit"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:454
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
-msgstr "fatal: Zweig $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+msgstr "fatal: Branch $branch_name nicht gefunden"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:474
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kann \"autostash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "\"autostash\" erzeugt: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
-msgstr "Bitte trage die Änderungen ein oder benutze \"stash\"."
+msgstr "Bitte committen Sie die Änderungen oder benutzen Sie \"stash\"."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:492
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
-msgstr "Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand."
+msgstr "Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:495
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr ""
-"Aktueller Zweig $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand, Neuaufbau erzwungen."
+"Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neusten Stand, Rebase erzwungen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:506
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Änderungen von $mb zu $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
-"Zunächst wird die Zweigspitze zurückgespult, um deine Änderungen\n"
+"Zunächst wird der Branch zurückgespult, um Ihre Änderungen\n"
 "darauf neu anzuwenden..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:523
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "$branch_name zu $onto_name vorgespult."
@@ -5845,15 +10475,15 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:74
 msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
-msgstr "Du hast bisher noch keine initiale Version"
+msgstr "Sie haben bisher noch keinen initialen Commit"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:89
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
-msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand der Bereitstellung nicht speichern"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand der Staging-Area nicht speichern"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
 msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
-msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsbaumes nicht speichern"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht speichern"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:140
 msgid "No changes selected"
@@ -5861,11 +10491,16 @@
 
 #: git-stash.sh:143
 msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
-msgstr "Kann temporäre Bereitstellung nicht entfernen (kann nicht passieren)"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre Staging-Area nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:156
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
-msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsbaumes nicht aufzeichnen"
+msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht aufzeichnen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kann $ref_stash nicht mit $w_commit aktualisieren."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
@@ -5877,297 +10512,582 @@
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 "Fehler: unbekannte Option für 'stash save': $option\n"
-"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutze \"git stash save -- "
+"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutzen Sie \"git stash save -- "
 "'$option'\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:258
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Keine lokalen Änderungen zum Speichern"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht initialisieren"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:266
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Status nicht speichern"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
-msgstr "Kann Änderungen am Arbeitsbaum nicht entfernen"
+msgstr "Kann Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht löschen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:383
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Kein \"stash\" gefunden."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
-msgstr "Zu viele Revisionen angegeben: $REV"
+msgstr "Zu viele Commits angegeben: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:396
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference ist keine gültige Referenz"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:424
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
-msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-artige Version"
+msgstr "'$args' ist kein \"stash\"-artiger Commit"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:435
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-Referenz"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:443
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
-msgstr "unfähig die Bereitstellung zu aktualisieren"
+msgstr "unfähig die Staging-Area zu aktualisieren"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
-msgstr ""
-"Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang eine Zusammenführung im Gange ist"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang ein Merge im Gange ist"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
-msgstr "Konflikte in der Bereitstellung. Versuche es ohne --index."
+msgstr "Konflikte in der Staging-Area. Versuchen Sie es ohne --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:457
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
-msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellungsbaum nicht speichern"
-
-#: git-stash.sh:460
-msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
-msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Bereitstellung herausnehmen"
-
-#: git-stash.sh:474
-msgid "Index was not unstashed."
-msgstr "Bereitstellung wurde nicht ausgelagert."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Verzeichnis nicht speichern"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:491
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:506
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Staging-Area wurde nicht aus dem Stash zurückgeladen."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Gelöscht ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:524
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Konnte \"stash\"-Eintrag nicht löschen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 msgid "No branch name specified"
-msgstr "Kein Zweigname spezifiziert"
+msgstr "Kein Branchname spezifiziert"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:603
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
-msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung gebe \"git stash apply\" ein)"
+msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung geben Sie \"git stash apply\" ein)"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "Kann eine Komponente von URL '$remoteurl' nicht extrahieren"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr ""
-"Keine Unterprojekt-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
+msgstr "Keine Submodul-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
-msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr ""
-"Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Unterprojekt-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Submodul-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Relative Pfade können nur von der obersten Ebene des Arbeitsverzeichnisses "
+"benutzt werden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' muss absolut sein oder mit ./|../ beginnen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits in der Bereitstellung"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ist bereits zum Commit vorgemerkt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
-"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine deiner \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
+"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
 "$sm_path\n"
-"Benutze -f wenn du diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchtest."
+"Benutzen Sie -f wenn Sie diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchten."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
-msgstr ""
-"Füge existierendes Projektarchiv in '$sm_path' der Bereitstellung hinzu."
+msgstr "Füge existierendes Repository in '$sm_path' der Staging-Area hinzu."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Projektarchiv"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Repository"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Unfähig Unterprojekt '$sm_path' auszuchecken"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Hinzufügen von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registierung von Unterprojekt '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Stoppe bei '$sm_path'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
-#, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Keine URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' in .gitmodules gefunden"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Registrierung der URL für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt '$name' ($url) ist für Pfad '$sm_path' registriert"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr ""
-"Registrierung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' "
-"fehlgeschlagen"
+"Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den Remote-"
+"Repositories:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
+"erneut zu klonen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"benutzen Sie die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
+"korrekte Repository ist"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"oder Sie sich unsicher sind, was das bedeutet, wählen Sie einen anderen "
+"Namenmit der Option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Submodul '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Unfähig Submodul '$sm_path' auszuchecken"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Submodul '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Eintragen von Submodul '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Stoppe bei '$prefix$displaypath'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Keine URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in .gitmodules gefunden"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Eintragen der URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in die "
+"Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' in die Konfiguration "
+"eingetragen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler bei Änderung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Submodul-Pfad "
+"'$displaypath' in der Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Verwenden Sie '.' wenn Sie wirklich alle Submodule\n"
+"deinitialisieren möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' enthält ein .git-"
+"Verzeichnis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis von Submodul in '$displaypath' enthält lokale Änderungen; "
+"verwenden Sie '-f' um diese zu verwerfen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis '$displaypath' bereinigt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' nicht löschen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein leeres Verzeichnis für Submodul in '$displaypath' erstellen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' wurde aus der Konfiguration "
+"entfernt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' ist nicht initialisiert\n"
-"Vielleicht möchtest du 'update --init' benutzen?"
+"Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' ist nicht initialisiert.\n"
+"Vielleicht möchten Sie 'update --init' benutzen?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte aktuelle Version in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht finden"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuellen Commit in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht finden."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht anfordern"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Neuaufbau von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht möglich"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht ausführen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': neu aufgebaut in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rebase auf '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht möglich"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': Rebase auf '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Merge von '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
-"Zusammenführung von '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+"Ausführung von '$command $sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' "
+"fehlgeschlagen"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht auschecken."
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht auschecken."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Unterprojekt-Pfad: '$sm_path': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad: '$displaypath': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Unterprojekt-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
-msgstr "Die --cached Option kann nicht mit der --files Option benutzt werden"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --files können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "unerwarteter Modus $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht Version $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
-"  Warnung: $name beinhaltet nicht die Versionen $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
+"  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht die Commits $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "Blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Unterprojekte geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Änderungen in Unterprojekt zum Eintragen:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Synchronisiere Unterprojekt-URL für '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisiere Submodul-URL für '$displaypath'"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "Eingabepfade sind durch ein NUL Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#~ msgid "done\n"
+#~ msgstr "Fertig\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die folgenden unbeobachteten Dateien würden NICHT gespeichert werden,\n"
+#~ "müssen aber durch \"stash save\" entfernt werden:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abgebrochen. Benutzen Sie entweder die Option --force oder --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --resolved\" "
+#~ "aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Mehr als %d \"Tree\"-Objekte angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Sie können --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submodul '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon) verwendet\n"
+#~ "ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses wirklich "
+#~ "mitsamt\n"
+#~ "seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen\n"
+#~ "(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die "
+#~ "Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "zeigt Commits, bei denen kein Eltern-Commit vor seinem Kind-Commit kommt"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "zeigt Referenz von HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.'status -"
+#~ "uno'"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten, neue"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
+#~ "[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem "
+#~ "spezifischen Kommando"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen in .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "Ups"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
+#~ "komprimiert.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>])"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+
+#~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#~ msgstr "-B kann nicht mit -b benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem "
+#~ "Wechsel von Zweigen."
 
 #~ msgid "diff setup failed"
 #~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
@@ -6199,9 +11119,6 @@
 #~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
 #~ msgstr "Bitte gebe die Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein."
 
-#~ msgid "Too many options specified"
-#~ msgstr "Zu viele Optionen angegeben"
-
 #~ msgid ""
 #~ "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were "
 #~ "rejected\n"
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44995ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,10932 @@
+# French translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>, 2013.
+# Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>, 2013.
+#
+# French translations of common Git words used in this file:
+#
+#   English          |  French
+#   -----------------+---------------------------------
+#   3-way merge      |  fusion à 3 points
+#   #NN              |  n°NN
+#   a commit         |  un commit
+#   backward         |
+#     compatibility  |  rétrocompatibilité
+#   bare repository  |  dépôt nu
+#   bisect           |  bissection
+#   blob             |  blob
+#   bug              |  bogue
+#   bundle           |  colis
+#   bypass           |  éviter d'utiliser
+#   to checkout      |  extraire
+#   cherry-pick      |  picorer
+#   to commit        |  valider
+#   commit-ish       |  commit ou apparenté
+#   config file      |  fichier de configuration
+#   dangling         |  en suspens
+#   to debug         |  déboguer
+#   debugging        |  débogage
+#   to deflate       |  compresser
+#   email            |  e-mail
+#   entry            |  élément
+#   fast-forward     |  avance rapide
+#   fast-forwarded   |  mis à jour en avance rapide
+#   to fetch         |  rapatrier
+#   fix conflicts    |  réglez les conflits
+#   to format        |  formater
+#   glob             |  glob
+#   hash             |  hachage
+#   HEAD             |  HEAD (genre féminin)
+#   hook             |  crochet
+#   hunk             |  section
+#   to inflate       |  décompresser
+#   to list          |  afficher
+#   mapping          |  mise en correspondance
+#   merge            |  fusion
+#   pack             |  paquet
+#   patches          |  patchs
+#   pattern          |  motif
+#   to prune         |  éliminer
+#   to push          |  pousser
+#   to rebase        |  rebaser
+#   repository       |  dépôt
+#   remote           |  distante (ou serveur distant)
+#   revision         |  révision
+#   shell            |  interpréteur de commandes
+#   stash            |  remisage
+#   to stash         |  remiser
+#   tag              |  étiquette
+#   template         |  modèle
+#   thread           |  fil
+#   to track         |  suivre
+#   tree             |  arbre
+#   tree-ish         |  arbre ou apparenté
+#   to unstage       |  désindexer
+#   upstream         |  amont
+#   viewer           |  visualiseur
+#   worktree /       |
+#   work(ing) tree   |  copie de travail
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-07 21:41+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n<=1 ?0 : 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
+
+#: advice.c:57
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "astuce: %.*s\n"
+
+#.
+#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+#. * other commands doing a merge do.
+#.
+#: advice.c:87
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
+"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
+"or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+"Corrigez-les dans la copie de travail,\n"
+"et utilisez 'git add/rm <fichier>' si\n"
+"nécessaire pour marquer la résolution et valider,\n"
+"ou utilisez 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: archive.c:10
+msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [options] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] [options] <arbre ou "
+"apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' ne correspond à aucun fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:327
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:327
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "préfixe"
+
+#: archive.c:329
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "préfixer chaque chemin de fichier dans l'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "écrire l'archive dans ce fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:333
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "lire .gitattributes dans le répertoire de travail"
+
+#: archive.c:334
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers archivés sur stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:335
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "stockage seulement"
+
+#: archive.c:336
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "compression rapide"
+
+#: archive.c:344
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "compression efficace"
+
+#: archive.c:347
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "afficher les formats d'archive supportés"
+
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "récupérer l'archive depuis le dépôt distant <dépôt>"
+
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "commande"
+
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "chemin vers la commande distante git-upload-archive"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Les motifs de négation sont ignorés dans les attributs git\n"
+"Utilisez '\\!' pour un point d'exclamation littéral."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "La branche %s ne peut pas être sa propre branche amont."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s de %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s depuis %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Suivi de branche non paramétré : le nom est trop long : %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Pas de suivi : information ambiguë pour la référence %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom de branche valide."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Une branche nommée '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Impossible de forcer la mise à jour de la branche courante."
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de paramétrer le suivi de branche ; le point de départ '%s' n'est "
+"pas une branche."
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche amont demandée '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez baser votre travail sur une branche\n"
+"amont qui existe déjà sur le serveur distant, vous pourriez\n"
+"devoir lancer \"git fetch\" pour la récupérer.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez pousser une nouvelle branche locale qui suivra\n"
+"sa jumelle distante, vous souhaiterez utiliser \"git push -u\"\n"
+"pour paramétrer le suivi distant en même temps que vous poussez."
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet ambigu : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Point d'embranchement invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de la référence pour mise à jour"
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Échec de l'écriture de la référence"
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ne semble pas être un fichier bundle v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "en-tête non reconnu : %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Le dépôt ne dispose pas des commits prérequis :"
+
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "échec de la préparation du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis contient cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis contient ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:193
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Le colis enregistre l'historique complet."
+
+#: bundle.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis exige cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis exige ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:294
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list a disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "la référence '%s' est exclue par les options de rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:380
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refus de créer un colis vide."
+
+#: bundle.c:398
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer des objets groupés"
+
+#: bundle.c:416
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "les objets groupés ont disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:441
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "l'index de groupe a disparu"
+
+#: commit.c:53
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser %s"
+
+#: commit.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s n'est pas un commit !"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "plus de mémoire"
+
+#: connected.c:60
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lancer 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire dans la rev-list : %s"
+
+#: connected.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer l'entrée standard du rev-list : %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "dans le futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu seconde"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu secondes"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu minute"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu minutes"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu heure"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu heures"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu jour"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu jours"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu semaine"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu semaines"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu an"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ans"
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu an"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu ans"
+
+#: diff.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Impossible d'analyser le pourcentage de modification de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:117
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paramètre dirstat inconnu '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Valeur inconnue pour la variable de configuration 'diff.submodule' : '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Erreurs dans la variable de configuration 'diff.dirstat' :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --dirstat/-X :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --submodule : '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:71
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas accepté les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:82
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas pu signer les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un fichier temporaire '%s' : %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire la signature détachée dans '%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1695
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: grep.c:1712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture tronquée %s"
+
+#: help.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles dans '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:217
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles depuis un autre endroit de votre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Les commandes git les plus utilisées sont :"
+
+#: help.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' semble être une commande git, mais elle n'a pas pu\n"
+"être exécutée. Peut-être git-%s est-elle cassée ?"
+
+#: help.c:347
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ahem. Votre système n'indique aucune commande Git."
+
+#: help.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"ATTENTION : vous avez invoqué une commande Git nommée '%s' qui n'existe "
+"pas.\n"
+"Poursuite en supposant que vous avez voulu dire '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "dans %0.1f secondes automatiquement..."
+
+#: help.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git : '%s' n'est pas une commande git. Voir 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire cela ?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire un de ceux-là ?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le cache"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:190
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(mauvais commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de addinfo_cache pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "erreur de construction des arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le chemin '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s pour faire de la place pour le sous-répertoire\n"
+
+#. something else exists
+#. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": peut-être un conflit D/F ?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refus de perdre le fichier non suivi '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob attendu pour %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à l'ouverture de '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à la création du lien symbolique '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ne sait pas traiter %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Échec à l'exécution de la fusion interne"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter %s à la base de données"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "type d'objet non supporté dans l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre dans le fichier %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "renommage"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "renommé"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s est un répertoire dans %s ajouté plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : Renommage de \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans la branche "
+"\"%s\" et renommage \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (laissé non résolu)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : renommage '%s'->'%s' dans %s. Renommage '%s'-"
+">'%s' dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s et de %s en %s à la place"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/ajout) : Renommage de %s->%s dans %s. %s ajouté dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s fusionné"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Ajout plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "l'objet %s n'est pas un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modification"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modifié"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contenu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "ajout/ajout"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s sauté (fusion identique à l'existant)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Fusion automatique de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sous-module"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s) : Conflit de fusion dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fichier/répertoire"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "répertoire/fichier"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s) : Il y a un répertoire nommé %s dans %s. Ajout de %s comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Échec fatal de fusion, qui ne devrait jamais arriver."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Déjà à jour !"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de fusion des arbres %s et %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Chemin non traité ??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusion :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u ancêtre commun trouvé :"
+msgstr[1] "%u ancêtres communs trouvés :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusion n'a pas retourné de commit"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire l'index."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de valider un arbre de notes non initialisé/référencé"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de notes.rewriteMode : '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Refus de réécrire des notes dans %s (hors de refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de %s : '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser l'objet : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "usage : %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "   ou : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:562
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "les réglages de spécificateurs de chemin généraux 'glob' et 'noglob' sont incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "le réglage global de spécificateur de chemin 'literal' est incompatible avec tous les autres réglages globaux de spécificateur de chemin"
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "paramètre invalide pour le spécificateur magique de chemin 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "La spécification magique de chemin '%.*s' est invalide dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "')' manquante à la fin du spécificateur magique de chemin dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Spécificateur magique '%c' non implémenté dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s : 'literal' et 'glob' sont incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s : '%s' est hors du dépôt"
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Le chemin '%s' est dans le sous-module '%.*s'"
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s : le spécificateur magique de chemin n'est pas supporté par cette commande : %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' est au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est basée sur '%s', mais la branche amont a disparu.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git branch -unset-upstream\" pour corriger)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est à jour avec '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1844
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git push\" pour publier vos commits locaux)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commit, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commits, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour mettre à jour votre branche locale)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1864
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commit différent chacune respectivement.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commits différents chacune respectivement.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour fusionner la branche distante dans la vôtre)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ouverture de /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "échec de dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:232
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'\n"
+"puis validez le résultat avec 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:248
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'emballage de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:263
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:265
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:268
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Validez vos modifications ou les remiser pour continuer."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:356
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre le commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:378
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:428
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:494
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Votre fichier d'index n'est pas fusionné."
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Le commit %s est une fusion mais l'option -m n'a pas été spécifiée."
+
+#: sequencer.c:521
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Le commit %s n'a pas le parent %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:525
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Une branche principale a été spécifiée mais le commit %s n'est pas une "
+"fusion."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'obtenir un message de validation pour %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'annuler %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:629
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'appliquer %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "l'ensemble de commits spécifié est vide"
+
+#: sequencer.c:673
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec à la lecture de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:678
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec du rafraîchissement de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:736
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de %s pendant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser la ligne %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:763
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Aucun commit analysé."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:780
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'instruction inutilisable : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clé invalide: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:830
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'options malformée : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:851
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un picorage ou un retour est déjà en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:852
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "essayez \"git cherry-pick (--continue|--quit|-- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire de séquenceur %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Erreur lors de l'emballage de %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "aucun picorage ou retour en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:893
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de résoudre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:895
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "impossible d'abandonner depuis une branche non encore créée"
+
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:920
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:921
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fin de fichier inattendue"
+
+#: sequencer.c:927
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "le fichier HEAD de préparation de picorage '%s' est corrompu"
+
+#: sequencer.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de formater %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de picorer un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s : mauvaise révision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossible d'annuler en tant que commit initial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1131
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de picorer vers une HEAD vide"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git ne créé normalement jamais de référence qui se termine par 40 caractères "
+"hexa\n"
+"car elle serait ignorée si vous spécifiiez 40-hexa. Ces références\n"
+"peuvent être créées par erreur. Par exemple,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"où \"$br\" est d'une manière ou d'une autre vide et une référence 40-hexa "
+"est créée.\n"
+"Veuillez examiner ces références et peut-être les supprimer. Désactivez ce "
+"message\n"
+"en lançant \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD ne pointe pas sur une branche"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Branche inconnue : '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Aucune branche amont configurée pour la branche '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "La branche amont '%s' n'est pas stockée comme branche de suivi"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "Modification impossible de .gitmodules non fusionné, résolvez les conflits d'abord"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver une section où path=%s dans .gitmodules"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'élément %s de .gitmodules"
+
+# ici %s est un chemin
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'élément de .gitmodules pour %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr "impossible de trouver .gitmodules dans l'index"
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "échec de la lecture du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr "échec de stat du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr "suppression du .gitmodules dans l'index impossible"
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise en index du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le lien git %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer core.worktree dans %s"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "nom de schéma d'URL invalide ou suffixe '://' manquant"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "séquence d'échappement %XX invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "hôte manquant et le schéma n'est pas 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "une URL 'file:' ne peut pas contenir de numéro de port"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "caractères invalides dans le nom d'hôte"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "numéro de port invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segment de chemin '..' invalide"
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s' : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de rechercher l'utilisateur actuel dans le fichier de mots de "
+"passe : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:455
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "utilisateur inconnu"
+
+#: wt-status.c:146
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Chemins non fusionnés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git reset %s <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm --cached <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" si nécessaire pour marquer comme "
+"résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:194
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui seront validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:212
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui ne seront pas validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:218
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera "
+"validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git checkout -- <fichier>...\" pour annuler les modifications "
+"dans la copie de travail)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:221
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (valider ou annuler le contenu non suivi ou modifié dans les sous-modules)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git %s <fichier>...\" pour inclure dans ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:250
+msgid "bug"
+msgstr "bogue"
+
+#: wt-status.c:255
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "ajouté par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:257
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "supprimé par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "ajouté par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:259
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "supprimé par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "ajouté de deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:261
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modifié des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:291
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nouveaux commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:293
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenu modifié, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:295
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contenu non suivi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgstr "nouveau :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "copié :     %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:318
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
+msgstr "supprimé :  %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgstr "modifié :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgstr "renommé :   %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr "nv type :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr "inconnu :   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr "non fus. :  %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bogue : état de diff non géré %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Sous-modules modifiés mais non mis à jour :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Changements du sous-module à valider :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Vous avez des chemins non fusionnés."
+
+#: wt-status.c:851
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:854
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tous les conflits sont réglés mais la fusion n'est pas terminée."
+
+#: wt-status.c:857
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit\" pour terminer la fusion)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:867
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Vous êtes au milieu d'une session am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:870
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Le patch actuel est vide."
+
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:876
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:878
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour restaurer la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:948
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:950
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --abort\" pour extraire la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:963
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage "
+"de la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:975
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Une fois la copie de travail nettoyée, lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage de la "
+"branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:987
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit --amend\" pour corriger le commit actuel)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:989
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git rebase --continue\" quand vous êtes satisfait de vos "
+"modifications)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de picorer le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git cherry-pick --abort\" pour annuler le picorage)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de rétablir le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git revert --abort\" pour annuler le rétablissement)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection, depuis la branche '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git bisect reset\" pour revenir à la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1221
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sur la branche "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasage en cours ; sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée depuis "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actuellement sur aucun branche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1257
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Validation initiale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1271
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1273
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"L'énumération des fichiers non suivis a duré %.2f secondes. 'status -uno'\n"
+"peut l'accélérer, mais vous devez alors faire attention à ne pas\n"
+"oublier d'ajouter les nouveaux fichiers par vous-même (voir 'git help "
+"status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis non affichés%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1285
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1291
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Aucune modification"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1296
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification n'a été ajoutée à la validation (utilisez \"git add\" ou "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1302
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents (utilisez \"git add\" pour les suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1305
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1308
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"rien à valider (créez/copiez des fichiers et utilisez \"git add\" pour les "
+"suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1314
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1318
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider, la copie de travail est propre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1427
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (aucune branche)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1433
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Validation initiale sur "
+
+# à priori on parle d'une branche ici
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "disparue"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1465
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "derrière "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "devant "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1473
+msgid ", behind "
+msgstr ", derrière "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec lors de l'unlink de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [options] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le comportement de 'git add %s (ou %s)' sans argument de chemin depuis un\n"
+"sous-répertoire du projet va changer dans Git 2.0 et ne doit plus être "
+"utilisé.\n"
+"Pour ajouter le contenu de toute l'arborescence, lancez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (ou git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour restreindre la commande au répertoire courant, lancez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (ou git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Avec la version actuelle de Git, la commande est restreinte au répertoire "
+"courant.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez lancé 'git add' sans '-A (--all)' ni '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"dont le comportement va changer dans Git 2.0 avec le respect des chemins que "
+"vous supprimez.\n"
+"Les chemins tels que '%s' qui ont été\n"
+"retirés de votre copie de travail sont ignorés avec cette version de Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <chemin>', qui est l'option par défaut "
+"actuelle,\n"
+"  ignore les chemins que vous avez supprimés de votre copie de travail.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <chemin>' permet d'enregistrer aussi les suppressions.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez 'git status' pour vérifier les chemins que vous avez supprimés de "
+"votre copie de travail.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status de diff inattendu %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise à jour des fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "suppression de '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:237
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après rafraîchissement de l'index :"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:299
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:314
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Stat de '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:321
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vide. Abandon."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:337
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les chemins suivants sont ignorés par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "simuler l'action"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "mode verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sélection interactive"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "sélection interactive des sections"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:359
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "édition du diff actuel et application"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:360
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permettre l'ajout de fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:361
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:362
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "enregistrer seulement le fait que le chemin sera ajouté plus tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications de tous les fichiers suivis et non suivis"
+
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les chemins effacés dans la copie de travail (identique à --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "ne pas ajouter, juste rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:369
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"sauter seulement les fichiers qui ne peuvent pas être ajoutés du fait "
+"d'erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:370
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "vérifier si des fichiers - même manquants - sont ignorés, à vide"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:392
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisez -f si vous voulez réellement les ajouter.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:393
+msgid "no files added"
+msgstr "aucun fichier ajouté"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:399
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:438
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A et -u sont mutuellement incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:456
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"L'option --ignore-missing ne peut être utilisée qu'en complément de --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Rien de spécifié, rien n'a été ajouté.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Vous vouliez sûrement dire 'git add .' ?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:57
+msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:125
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'ignorance d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:823
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de préparer la regexp d'horodatage %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:832
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec a retourné %d pour l'entrée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:913
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nom de fichier du patch introuvable à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:945
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu, %s trouvé à la "
+"ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - nouveau nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - ancien nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recomptage : ligne inattendue : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de patch sans en-tête à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composant de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composants de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch corrompu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier %s dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé %s a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attention : le fichier %s devient vide mais n'est pas supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaire corrompu à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaire non reconnu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch totalement incompréhensible à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "lecture du lien symbolique %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "ouverture ou lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "début de ligne invalide : '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d ligne)."
+msgstr[1] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d lignes)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Contexte réduit à (%ld/%ld) pour appliquer le fragment à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"pendant la recherche de :\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "données de patch binaire manquantes pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "le patch binaire ne s'applique par correctement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"le patch binaire sur '%s' crée un résultat incorrect (%s attendu, mais %s "
+"trouvé)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "le patch a échoué : %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "extraction de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de la lecture de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "le chemin %s a été renommé/supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s : n'existe pas dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s : ne correspond pas à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "le patch de suppression laisse un contenu dans le fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s : type erroné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s est de type %o, mais %o attendu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+"le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s : le patch ne s'applique pas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Vérification du patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de make_cache_entry pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "suppression de %s dans l'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "patch corrompu pour le sous-module %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "stat du fichier nouvellement créé '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"création du magasin de stockage pour le fichier nouvellement créé %s "
+"impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "ajout de l'élément de cache %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "fermeture du fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "écriture du fichier '%s' mode %o impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s appliqué proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "erreur interne"
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejet..."
+msgstr[1] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejets..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "troncature du nom de fichier .rej en %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Section n°%d appliquée proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Section n°%d rejetée."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrée non reconnue"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier d'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "chemin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "ne pas appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "supprimer <num> barres obliques des chemins traditionnels de diff"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorer les additions réalisées par le patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher le diffstat de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nombre de lignes ajoutées et supprimées en notation décimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher un résumer de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, voir si le patch est applicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "s'assurer que le patch est applicable sur l'index actuel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "appliquer les patch sans toucher à la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "appliquer aussi le patch (à utiliser avec ---stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "tenter une fusion à 3 points si le patch ne s'applique pas proprement"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"construire un index temporaire fondé sur l'information de l'index embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "les chemins sont séparés par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "s'assurer d'au moins <n> lignes de correspondance de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "action"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+"détecter des lignes nouvelles ou modifiées qui contiennent des erreurs "
+"d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorer des modifications d'espace lors de la recherche de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "appliquer le patch en sens inverse"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "ne pas s'attendre à au moins une ligne de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "laisser les sections rejetées dans les fichiers *.rej correspondants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "accepter les recouvrements de sections"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"tolérer des erreurs de détection de retours chariot manquants en fin de "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "ne pas se fier au compte de lignes dans les en-têtes de section"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "racine"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "préfixer tous les noms de fichier avec <root>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "ouverture impossible du patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d erreur d'espace ignorée"
+msgstr[1] "%d erreurs d'espace ignorées"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ligne a ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+msgstr[1] "%d lignes ont ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier d'archive '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "impossible de rediriger la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive : Dépôt distant sans URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive : ACK/NACK attendu, EOF reçu"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive : NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erreur distante : %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive : erreur de protocole"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive : vidage attendu"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect --helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "effectuer 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "mettre à jour BISECT_HEAD au lieu d'extraire le commit actuel"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
+msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [options] [options-de-révision] [rev] [--] fichier"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
+msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "[options-de-révision] sont documentés dans git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+"Montrer les éléments de blâme au fur et à mesure de leur découverte, de "
+"manière incrémentale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer un SHA-1 blanc pour les commits de limite (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ne pas traiter les commits racine comme des limites (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Montrer les statistiques de coût d'activité"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Montrer le score de sortie pour les éléments de blâme"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Montrer les noms de fichier originaux (Défaut : auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer les numéros de lignes originaux (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Afficher dans un format propice à la consommation par machine"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Afficher en format porcelaine avec l'information de commit par ligne"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Utiliser le même mode de sortie que git-annotate (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les horodatages bruts (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les longs SHA1 de commits (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Supprimer le nom de l'auteur et l'horodatage (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher l'e-mail de l'auteur au lieu du nom (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorer les différences d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+"Dépenser des cycles supplémentaires pour trouver une meilleure correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Utiliser les révisions du fichier <fichier> au lieu d'appeler git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Utiliser le contenu de <fichier> comme image finale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "score"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les copies de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les mouvements de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Traiter seulement l'intervalle de ligne n,m en commençant le compte à 1"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <nomdebranche> [<point-de-départ>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <nomdebranche>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
+msgstr "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<anciennebranche>] <nouvellebranche>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suppression de la branche '%s' qui a été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', mais pas dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"branche '%s' non supprimée car elle n'a pas été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', même si elle est fusionnée dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche '%s' n'est pas totalement fusionnée.\n"
+"Si vous êtes sur que vous voulez la supprimer, lancez 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Échec de la mise à jour du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser -a avec -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche '%s' sur laquelle vous êtes."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche distante %s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche distante '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche distante %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+# féminin pour une branche
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: disparue]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** référence invalide ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, rebasage de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, bisect a démarré sur %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(détaché de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "l'objet '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "des références n'ont pas pu être lues"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "impossible de renommer la branche actuelle, il n'y en a pas."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branche invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Échec de renommage de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Renommage d'un branche mal nommée '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "La branche a été renommée en %s, mais HEAD n'est pas mise à jour !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche est renommée, mais la mise à jour du fichier de configuration a "
+"échoué"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de description de branche : %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Options génériques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "afficher le hachage et le sujet, doublé pour la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "supprimer les messages d'information"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "régler le mode de suivi (voir git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "modifier l'information amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "utiliser la coloration dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "agir sur les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui contiennent le commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Actions spécifiques à git-branch :"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher à la fois les branches de suivi et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche totalement fusionnée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche (même non fusionnée)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche et son reflog"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche, même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des branches"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "créer le reflog de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "éditer la description de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
+msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+msgstr "forcer la création (même si la cible existe)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les branches en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de HEAD comme référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD non trouvée sous refs/heads !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et --verbose sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "le nom de branche est requis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de décrire une HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "impossible d'éditer la description de plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Aucun commit sur la branche '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Aucune branche nommée '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour une opération de renommage"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour spécifier une branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de spécifier une branche amont de HEAD par %s qui ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "pas de branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour désactiver un amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de désactiver une branche amont de HEAD quand elle ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branche '%s' n'a aucune information de branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "créer manuellement 'HEAD' n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"les options -a et -r de 'git branch' n'ont pas de sens avec un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"l'option --set-upstream est obsolète et va disparaître. Utilisez plutôt --"
+"track ou --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous vouliez que '%s' suive '%s', faîtes ceci :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s est correct\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "La création d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Le dépaquetage d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
+msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <liste_d_objets>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<type> peut être : blob, tree, commit ou tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "afficher le type de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "afficher la taille de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "sortir avec un code d'erreur nul quand il n'y a aucune erreur"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "afficher avec mise en forme le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "pour les objets blob, lancer textconv sur le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'information et le contenu des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "afficher l'information des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] chemin..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <liste-de-chemins>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "afficher tous les attributs associés au fichier"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "utiliser .gitattributes seulement depuis l'index"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les noms de fichier depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "terminer les enregistrements en entrée et en sortie par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "supprimer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "afficher les chemins en entrée qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorer l'index pendant la vérification"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "impossible de spécifier les chemins avec --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z n'a de sens qu'avec l'option --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "aucun chemin spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet n'est valide qu'avec un seul chemin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "impossible d'avoir --quiet et --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching n'est valide qu'avec --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "lire aussi les contacts depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le contact : %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "aucun contact spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "extraire tous les fichiers présents dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement des fichiers existants"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"pas d'avertissement pour les fichiers existants et les fichiers absents de "
+"l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "ne pas extraire les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "mettre à jour l'information de stat dans le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "écrire le contenu dans des fichiers temporaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "lors de la création de fichiers, préfixer par <chaîne>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copier les fichiers depuis l'index nommé"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [options] <branche>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [options] [<branche>] -- <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas notre version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas leur version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a aucune des versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas les versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:193
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "chemin '%s' : impossible de fusionner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter le résultat de fusion pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec des mises à jour de chemins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et basculer sur la branche '%s' en "
+"même temps."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'est pas fusionné"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "vous devez d'abord résoudre votre index courant"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un reflog pour '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Déjà sur '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement et remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la nouvelle branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... et %d en plus.\n"
+
+#. The singular version
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Attention : vous laissez %d commit en retard, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Attention : vous laissez %d commits en retard, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez les garder en créant une nouvelle branche, c'est le bon "
+"moment\n"
+"de le faire avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"git branche nouvelle_branche %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "erreur interne lors du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La position précédente de HEAD était"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Vous êtes sur une branche qui doit encore naître"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "une seule référence attendue, %d fournies."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "référence invalide : %s"
+
+#. case (1): want a tree
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la référence n'est pas un arbre : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser des chemins avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de basculer de branche vers '%s' qui n'est pas un commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "créer et extraire une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "créer/réinitialiser et extraire une branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "créer un reflog pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "détacher la HEAD à la validation nommée"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "paramétrer l'information de branche amont pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
+msgid "new branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche sans parent"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire notre version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire leur version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "forcer l'extraction (laisser tomber les modifications locales)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion à 3 points avec la nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers ignorés (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "style"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "style de conflit (fusion ou diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "ne pas limiter les spécificateurs de chemins aux seuls éléments creux"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr "deuxième chance 'git checkout branche-inexistante'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B et --orphan sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track requiert un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nom de branche manquant ; essayez -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "spécification de chemin invalide"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et de basculer sur la branche '%s' "
+"en même temps.\n"
+"Souhaitiez-vous extraire '%s' qui ne peut être résolu comme commit ?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach n'accepte pas un argument de chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force et --merge sont incompatibles lors\n"
+"de l'extraction de l'index."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <motif>] [-x | -X] [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Supprimerait %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignore le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignorerait le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression de %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1           - sélectionner un élément numéroté\n"
+"foo         - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"            - (vide) ne rien sélectionner"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1          - sélectionner un seul élément\n"
+"3-5        - sélectionner une plage d'éléments\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - sélectionner plusieurs plages\n"
+"foo        - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"-...       - désélectionner les éléments spécifiés\n"
+"*          - choisir tous les éléments\n"
+"           - (vide) terminer la sélection"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hein (%s) ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Entrez les motifs à ignorer>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ATTENTION : Impossible de trouver les éléments correspondant à : %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Sélectionner les éléments à supprimer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "supprimer %s ? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Au revoir."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - démarrer le nettoyage\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclure des éléments par motif\n"
+"select by numbers   - sélectionner les éléments à supprimer par numéros\n"
+"ask each            - confirmer chaque suppression (comme \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - arrêter le nettoyage\n"
+"help                - cet écran\n"
+"?                   - aide pour la sélection en ligne"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Commandes ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Et maintenant ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Supprimerait l'élément suivant :"
+msgstr[1] "Supprimerait les éléments suivants :"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Plus de fichier à nettoyer, sortie."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms des fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "forcer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "nettoyage interactif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "supprimer les répertoires entiers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "motif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "ajouter <motif> aux règles ignore"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "supprimer les fichiers ignorés, aussi"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x et -X ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce positionné à true et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce à true par défaut et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:36
+msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [options] [--] <dépôt> [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "forcer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "ne pas créer d'extraction"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt miroir (implique dépôt nu)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "pour cloner depuis un dépôt local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "ne pas utiliser de liens durs locaux, toujours copier"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "régler comme dépôt partagé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialiser les sous-modules dans le clone"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "répertoire-modèle"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "répertoire depuis lequel les modèles vont être utilisés"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dépôt de référence"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "utiliser <nom> au lieu de 'origin' pour suivre la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "extraire <branche> au lieu de la HEAD du répertoire distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "chemin vers git-upload-pack sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "créer un clone superficiel de cette profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "cloner seulement une branche, HEAD ou --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "séparer le répertoire git de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "clé=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "régler la configuration dans le nouveau dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' n'est pas un dépôt local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "échec du stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existe et n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "échec du stat de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du lien '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la copie vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fait.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le clone a réussi, mais l'extraction a échoué.\n"
+"Vous pouvez inspecter ce qui a été extrait avec 'git status'\n"
+"et réessayer l'extraction avec 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la branche distante '%s' à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Vérification de la connectivité... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "le serveur distant n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"la HEAD distante réfère à une référence non existante, impossible de "
+"l'extraire.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "impossible d'extraire la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Trop d'arguments."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un dépôt à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les options --bare et --origin %s sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare et --separate-git-dir sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "le dépôt '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--depth est ignoré dans les clones locaux : utilisez plutôt \"file://\"."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local est ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+"le chemin de destination '%s' existe déjà et n'est pas un répertoire vide."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "la copie de travail '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer les répertoires de premier niveau dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de la copie de travail '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans le dépôt nu '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas cloner %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branche distante %s n'a pas été trouvée dans le dépôt amont %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Vous semblez avoir cloné un dépôt vide."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [options]"
+msgstr "git column [options]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "rechercher les variables de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "mise en page à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Largeur maximale"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur la bordure gauche"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur le côté droit"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace entre les colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command doit être le premier argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [options] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [options] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se "
+"fondant\n"
+"sur votre nom d'utilisateur et votre nom d'ordinateur. Veuillez vérifier "
+"qu'ils sont corrects.\n"
+"Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les paramétrant explicitement :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Votre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email vous@exemple.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour ce commit avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez demandé de corriger le commit le plus récent, mais le faire le "
+"rendrait\n"
+"vide. Vous pouvez répéter votre commande avec --allow-empty, ou vous pouvez\n"
+"supprimer complètement le commit avec \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le picorage précédent est à présent vide, vraisemblablement dû à une "
+"résolution de conflit.\n"
+"Si vous souhaitez tout de même le valider, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Sinon, veuillez utiliser 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez sauter ce commit, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Puis \"git cherry-pick --continue\" continuera le picorage \n"
+"des commits restants.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "échec du dépaquetage de l'objet arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de créer l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant un picorage."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgstr "commit invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paramètre --author mal formé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgstr "Chaîne ident mal formée : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "impossible de rechercher le commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lecture du message de journal depuis l'entrée standard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le journal depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de journal '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
+msgid "commit has empty message"
+msgstr "le commit a un message vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez une fusion.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez un picorage.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide abandonne la "
+"validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront conservées ; vous pouvez les supprimer vous-même\n"
+"si vous le souhaitez. Un message vide abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgstr "%sAuteur :     %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgstr "%sValidateur : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la construction des arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le message en utilisant l'option -m ou -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr "Aucun auteur existant trouvé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fichier non suivi invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long et -z sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'utilisation simultanée de --reset-author et --author n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Il n'y a rien à corriger."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en pleine fusion -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en plein picorage -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les options --squash et --fixup ne peuvent pas être utilisées ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Une seule option parmi -c/-C/-F/--fixup peut être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'option -m ne peut pas être combinée avec -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author ne peut être utilisé qu'avec -C, -c ou --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Une seule option parmi --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch peut "
+"être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Aucun chemin avec les options --include/--only n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Malin... correction du dernier avec un index sale."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Chemins explicites spécifiés sans -i ni -o ; --only supposé..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Mode de nettoyage invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Spécifier des chemins avec l'option -a n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "afficher le statut avec concision"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information de branche"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "sortie pour traitement automatique"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "afficher le statut en format long (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "mode"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers non suivis, \"mode\" facultatif : all (tous), normal, "
+"no. (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quand"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les modifications dans les sous-modules, \"quand\" facultatif : all "
+"(tous), dirty (sale), untracked (non suivi). (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non suivis en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible de retrouver le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (commit racine)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "supprimer le résumé après une validation réussie"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "afficher les diff dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Options du message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "lire le message depuis un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "auteur"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer l'auteur pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "date"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer la date pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message formaté par autosquash pour corriger le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message formaté par autosquash pour compresser le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1464
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"à présent je suis l'auteur de la validation (utilisé avec -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "ajouter une entrée Signed-off-by :"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de modèle spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "forcer l'édition du commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "défaut"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "comment éliminer les espaces et les commentaires # du message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inclure le statut dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "identifiant de clé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "signer la validation avec GPG"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Valider les options des contenus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "valider tous les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "ajouter les fichiers spécifiés à l'index pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "ajouter des fichiers en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "valider seulement les fichiers spécifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "afficher ce qui serait validé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "corriger la validation précédente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification avec un message vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en lecture"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Fichier MERGE_HEAD corrompu (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le message de validation : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation ; vous n'avez pas édité le message\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation du à un message de validation vide\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "échec de l'écriture de l'objet commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
+msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+msgstr "impossible de verrouiller la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
+msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt a été mis à jour, mais impossible d'écrire le fichier\n"
+"new_index. Vérifiez que le disque n'est pas plein ou que le quota\n"
+"n'a pas été dépassé, puis lancez \"git reset HEAD\" pour réparer."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [options]"
+msgstr "git config [options]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Emplacement du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "utiliser les fichier de configuration global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du système"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "lire la configuration depuis l'objet blob fourni"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Action"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir toutes le valeurs : clé [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir les valeur pour la regexp : regex-de-nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur spécifique pour l'URL : section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"remplacer toutes les variables correspondant : nom valeur [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "ajouter une nouvelle variable : nom valeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer une variable : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer toutes les correspondances nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "renommer une section : ancien-nom nouveau-nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "supprimer une section : nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "afficher tout"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "ouvrir un éditeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "emplacement"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "trouver la couleur configurée : [par défaut]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "trouver le réglage de la couleur : [stdout-est-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Type"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "la valeur est \"true\" (vrai) our \"false\" (faux)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "la valeur est un nombre décimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "la valeur est --bool ou --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "la valeur est un chemin (vers un fichier ou un répertoire)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Autre"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les valeurs avec un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respecter les directives d'inclusion lors de la recherche"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "affiche les tailles dans un format humainement lisible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [options] <commit ou apparenté>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [options] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'est pas disponible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'a pas de nom embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' est en fait '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un nom d'objet valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un objet '%s' valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "aucune étiquette ne correspond parfaitement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche de la description de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche terminée à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette annotée ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Cependant, il existe des étiquettes non-annotées : essayez avec --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Essayez --always, ou créez des étiquettes."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu commits parcourus\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"plus de %i étiquettes ont été trouvées; seules les %i plus récentes sont "
+"affichées\n"
+"abandon de la recherche à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "rechercher l'étiquette qui suit le commit"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "déboguer la stratégie de recherche sur stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle référence"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle étiquette, même non-annotée"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "toujours utiliser le format long"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "ne suivre que le premier parent"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les correspondances exactes"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer uniquement les <n> étiquettes le plus récentes (défaut : 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "ne considérer que les étiquettes correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "afficher les objets commits abrégés en dernier recours"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marque"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "ajouter <marque> si la copie de travail est sale (défaut : \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long et --abbrev=0 sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "aucun nom trouvé, impossible de décrire quoi que ce soit."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty est incompatible avec la spécification de commits ou assimilés"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s' : n'est pas un fichier régulier ni un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "option invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Ce n'est pas un dépôt git !"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet spécifié '%s' invalide."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "plus de deux blobs spécifiés : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet non géré '%s' spécifié."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:22
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [options-de-liste-de-révisions]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "afficher la progression après <n> objets"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes signées"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+"sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes qui pointent sur des objets filtrés"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les marques dans ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "importer les marques depuis ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "falsifier un auteur d'étiquette si l'étiquette n'en présente pas"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Afficher l'arbre complet pour chaque commit"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Utiliser la fonction \"done\" pour terminer le flux"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Sauter l'affichage de données de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] <groupe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<dépôt> | <groupe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:23
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis tous le dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "ajouter à .git/FETCH_HEAD au lieu de l'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "chemin vers lequel télécharger le paquet sur le poste distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement de la branche locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis plusieurs dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "récupérer toutes les étiquettes et leurs objets associés"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ne pas récupérer toutes les étiquettes (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"éliminer les branches de suivi distant si la branche n'existe plus dans le "
+"dépôt distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "à la demande"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler la récupération récursive dans les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "conserver le paquet téléchargé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permettre la mise à jour de la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "approfondir l'historique d'un clone superficiel"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "convertir en un dépôt complet"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "dir"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "préfixer ceci à la sortie du chemin du sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "mode par défaut pour la récursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de trouver la référence HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objet %s non trouvé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[à jour]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (impossible de récupérer la branche actuelle)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rejeté]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[mise à jour de l'étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle branche]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle référence]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "mise à jour forcée"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(pas d'avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Depuis %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"des références locales n'ont pas pu être mises à jour ; essayez de lancer\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' pour supprimer des branches anciennes en conflit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s sera en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s est devenu en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[supprimé]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(aucun(e))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Refus de récupérer dans la branche courant %s d'un dépôt non nu"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "La valeur \"%2$s\" de l'option \"%1$s\" est invalide pour %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "L'option \"%s\" est ignorée pour %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas récupérer depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Récupération de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun dépôt distant spécifié. Veuillez spécifier une URL ou un nom\n"
+"distant depuis lesquels les nouvelles révisions devraient être récupérées."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un nom d'étiquette."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth et --unshallow ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow sur un dépôt complet n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'accepte pas d'argument de dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'a pas de sens avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "distant ou groupe distant inexistant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"La récupération d'un groupe et les spécifications de référence n'ont pas de "
+"sens"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <fichier>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "peupler le journal avec au plus <n> éléments depuis le journal court"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias pour --log (obsolète)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "texte"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "utiliser <texte> comme début de message"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fichier d'où lire"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
+msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [options] [<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour les interpréteurs de commandes"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "n'afficher que <n> références correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format à utiliser pour la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "clé"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nom du champ servant à trier"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
+msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [options] [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "afficher les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "signaler les nœuds racines"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "considérer les objets de l'index comme nœuds tête"
+
+# translated from man page
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "considérer les reflogs comme nœuds tête (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "inspecter aussi les objets pack et alternatifs"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "activer une vérification plus strict"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "écrire les objets en suspens dans .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "afficher la progression"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
+msgid "git gc [options]"
+msgstr "git gc [options]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "objet répertoire démentiellement long %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "éliminer les objets non référencés"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "être plus consciencieux (durée de traitement allongée)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "activer le mode auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "forcer le lancement du ramasse-miettes même si un autre ramasse-miettes tourne déjà"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Compression automatique du dépôt pour une performance optimum. Vous pouvez "
+"aussi\n"
+"lancer \"git gc\" manuellement. Voir \"git help gc\" pour plus "
+"d'information.\n"
+
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr "un ramasse-miettes est déjà en cours sur la machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (utilisez --force si ce n'est pas le cas)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a trop d'objets seuls inaccessibles ; lancez 'git prune' pour les "
+"supprimer."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [options] [-e] <motif> [<révision>...] [[--] <chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep : échec de création du fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgstr "Échec de chdir: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'arbre (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un grep sur un objet de type %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "l'option '%c' attend un valeur numérique"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "rechercher dans l'index plutôt que dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les contenus non gérés par git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les fichiers suivis et non-suivis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
+msgid "search also in ignored files"
+msgstr "rechercher aussi dans les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher les lignes qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "correspondance insensible à la casse"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "rechercher les motifs aux séparateurs de mots"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires comme texte"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "ne pas chercher les motifs dans les fichiers binaires"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires avec les filtres textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descendre au plus de <profondeur> dans l'arborescence"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières étendues POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières basiques POSIX (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpréter les motifs comme de chaînes fixes"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières compatibles avec Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "afficher les numéros de ligne"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas pas afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichiers relativement au répertoire de base"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms de fichiers au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonyme pour --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms des fichiers sans correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimer une caractère NUL après le noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher le nombre de correspondances au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "mettre en évidence les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"imprimer une ligne vide entre les correspondances de fichiers différents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nom de fichier une fois au dessus des correspondances du même "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant et après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "raccourci pour -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher une ligne avec le nom de la fonction avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "afficher la fonction contenante"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "lire les motifs depuis fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "rechercher <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combiner les motifs spécifiés par -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+"indiquer des correspondances avec le code de sortie mais sans rien afficher"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"n'afficher que les correspondances de fichiers qui correspondent à tous les "
+"motifs"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "afficher l'arbre d'analyse pour le motif grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers correspondant dans le pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permettre l'appel de grep(1) (ignoré par ce build)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "afficher l'usage"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "aucun motif fourni."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager ne fonctionne que sur la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec des révisions."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"--[no-]exclude-standard ne peut pas être utilisé avec du contenu suivi."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "--cached et des arbres sont fournis en même temps."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:60
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<fichier>|--no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:61
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <liste-de-chemins>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "type"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:72
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "type d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:73
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet dans la base de donnée d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:74
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "lire l'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:76
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "stocker le fichier tel quel sans filtrage"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:77
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "traiter le fichier comme s'il venait de ce chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "afficher toutes les commandes disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "afficher une liste de guides utiles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "afficher la page de manuel"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "afficher le manuel dans un navigateur web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "afficher la page info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [commande]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "format d'aide non reconnu '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:92
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "échec de démarrage d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:105
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "échec d'analyse de la version d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la version d'emacsclient '%d' est trop ancienne (<22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "échec de l'exécution de '%s' : %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel non supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s' : visualiseur de manuel inconnu."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:366
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de manuel n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:374
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de 'info' n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Définition des attributs par chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Un glossaire Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spécifie les fichiers non-suivis à ignorer intentionnellement"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Définition des propriétés de sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spécification des révisions et portées pour Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+"Une introduction pratique à Git (pour les versions 1.5.1 et supérieures)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Un aperçu des flux de travail recommandés avec Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Les guides Git populaires sont : \n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "usage : %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:492
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s\" est un alias de `%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "type d'objet non correspondant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr "objet de type inattendu"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "impossible de remplir %d octet"
+msgstr[1] "impossible de remplir %d octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "fin de fichier prématurée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "erreur de lecture sur l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "plus d'octets utilisés que disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "le paquet est trop grand pour la définition actuelle de off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "la signature du paquet ne correspond pas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "la version de paquet %<PRIu32> non supportée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "le paquet a un mauvais objet à l'offset %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "la décompression (inflate) a retourné %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "dépassement de la valeur d'offset pour l'objet delta de base"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "l'objet delta de base est hors limite"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "type d'objet inconnu %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de lire (pread) le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octet lu"
+msgstr[1] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octets lus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "grave incohérence dans la décompression (inflate)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "COLLISION SHA1 TROUVÉE AVEC %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet existant %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objet blob invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s invalide"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Erreur dans l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Tous les objets enfants de %s ne sont pas accessibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "échec d'application du delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Réception d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indexation d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "le paquet est corrompu (SHA1 ne correspond pas)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "impossible d'obtenir le statut (fstat) du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "le paquet est invalide à la fin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "confusion extrême dans parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Résolution des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fil : %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusion extrême"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "complété avec %d objets locaux"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+"Somme de contrôle de fin inattendue pour %s (corruption sur le disque ?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "le paquet a %d delta non résolu"
+msgstr[1] "le paquet a %d deltas non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "impossible de compresser l'objet ajouté (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'objet local %s est corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "erreur en fermeture du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "mauvais pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "nombre de fils spécifié invalide (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "pas de support des fils, ignore %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet existant '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet d'index existant pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "pas un delta : %d objet"
+msgstr[1] "pas un delta : %d objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objet"
+msgstr[1] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "mauvais %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin ne peut pas être utilisé sans --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "le nom de fichier paquet '%s' ne se termine pas par '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify sans nom de fichier paquet donné"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Impossible de rendre %s inscriptible pour le groupe"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "nom de modèle démentiellement long %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat du modèle '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir (opendir) '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de readlink '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "lien symbolique démentiellement long %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un lien symbolique de '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de copier '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "modèle %s ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "chemin de modèle %s démentiellement long"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "modèles non trouvés %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"pas de copie des modèles étant dans une mauvaise version du format %d de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "répertoire git démentiel %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:323 builtin/init-db.c:326
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "impossible de traiter le fichier de type %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer %s vers %s"
+
+#.
+#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "Dépôt Git%2$s %1$s dans %3$s%4$s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "existant réinitialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "vide initialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:422
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " partagé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:441
+msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+msgstr "impossible de déterminer le répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:467
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<répertoire-modèle>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [répertoire]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:490
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permissions"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:491
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "spécifier que le dépôt git sera partagé entre plusieurs utilisateurs"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "être silencieux"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire (mkdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de se déplacer vers le répertoire (chdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (ou --work-tree=<répertoire>) n'est pas autorisé sans spécifier %s (ou --"
+"git-dir=<répertoire>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:579
+msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+msgstr "Impossible d'accéder au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'accéder à l'arbre de travail '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<options>] [<page de révisions>] [[--] <chemin>...]\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
+msgstr "   ou : git show [options] <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:125
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "supprimer la sortie des différences"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:126
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "afficher la source"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Utiliser le fichier de correspondance de mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "décorer les options"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:231
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Sortie finale : %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Type inconnu : %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sans valeur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:771
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "le nom du répertoire de sortie est trop long"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier correctif %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:801
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Exactement une plage nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:809
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Pas une plage."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:911
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "La lettre de motivation doit être au format e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:987
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to aberrant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
+msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [options] [<depuis> | <plage de révisions>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Deux répertoires de sortie ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH n/m] même avec un patch unique"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH] même avec des patchs multiples"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "afficher les patchs sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "générer une lettre de motivation"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser une séquence simple de nombres pour les nom des fichiers de sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "utiliser <sfx> au lieu de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "démarrer la numérotation des patchs à <n> au lieu de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marquer la série comme une Nième réédition"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "utiliser [<préfixe>] au lieu de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "stocker les fichiers résultats dans <répertoire>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ne pas retirer/ajouter [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "ne pas imprimer les diffs binaires"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ne pas inclure un patch correspondant à un commit amont"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "afficher le format du patch au lieu du défaut (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Communication"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "en-tête"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête d'e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"To:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"Cc:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "renseigner l'adresse From à <ident> (ou à l'ident du validateur si absent)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "id-message"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "répondre dans le premier message à <id-message>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "frontière"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "attacher le patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "patch à l'intérieur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+"activer l'enfilage de message, styles : shallow (superficiel), deep (profond)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "ajouter une signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms de fichiers des patchs"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ligne d'identification invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "sortie standard, ou répertoire, lequel ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Échec de création des fichiers en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<branche_amont> [<head> [<limite>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver une branche distante suivie, merci de spécifier "
+"<branche_amont> manuellement.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit inconnu %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
+msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [options] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifier le statut de fichier avec les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "utiliser des minuscules pour les fichier 'assumés inchangés'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers mis en cache dans la sortie (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers supprimés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers modifiés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les autres fichiers dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les nom des objets indexés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers du système de fichiers qui ont besoin d'être supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms des répertoires 'other'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les répertoires vides"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non fusionnés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information resolv-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "sauter les fichiers correspondant au motif"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "les motifs d'exclusion sont lus depuis <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "lire des motifs d'exclusion additionnels par répertoire dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "ajouter les exclusions git standard"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "afficher en relatif par rapport au répertoire racine du projet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "si un <fichier> n'est pas dans l'index, traiter cela comme une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "arbre ou apparenté"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer que les chemins supprimés depuis <arbre ou apparenté> sont "
+"toujours présents"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "afficher les données de débogage"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<options>] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "parcourir les sous-arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "afficher les arbres en les parcourant"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments avec un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inclure la taille d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "utiliser les noms de chemins complets"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'arbre entier ; pas seulement le répertoire courant (implique --"
+"full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:43
+msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:44
+msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [options] <message> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "le commutateur `m' a besoin d'une valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la stratégie de fusion '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies disponibles sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies personnalisées sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonyme de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter (au plus <n>) éléments du journal court au message de validation de "
+"la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "créer une validation unique au lieu de faire une fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "effectuer une validation si la fusion réussit (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "éditer le message avant la validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abandonner si l'avance rapide n'est pas possible"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Vérifier que la validation a une signature GPG valide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion sélectionnée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"message de validation de la fusion (pour une fusion sans avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion en cours"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer le remisage."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "échec du remisage"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "pas un objet valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (rien à compresser)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Validation compressée -- HEAD non mise à jour\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Écriture de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Finition de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Pas de message de fusion -- pas de mise à jour de HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Mauvaise chaîne branch.%s.mergeoptions : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree a échoué à écrire un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de gérer autre chose que la fusion de deux têtes."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Options inconnue pour merge-recursive : -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire depuis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation de la fusion ; utilisez 'git commit' pour terminer la "
+"fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez entrer un message de validation pour expliquer en quoi cette fusion "
+"est\n"
+"nécessaire, surtout si cela fusionne une branche amont mise à jour dans une "
+"branche de sujet.\n"
+"\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide\n"
+"abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Message de validation vide."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Merveilleux.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a échoué ; réglez les conflits et validez le "
+"résultat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas une validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche distante pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche amont par défaut définie pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Pas de branche de suivi pour %s depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Il n'y a pas de fusion à abandonner (MERGE_HEAD manquant)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos changements avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos changements avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas combiner --squash avec --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation spécifiée et merge.defaultToUpstream n'est pas défini."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Possible de fusionner exactement une seule validation dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "La validation compressée vers une tête vide n'est pas encore supportée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Une validation sans avance rapide n'a pas de sens dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - pas possible de fusionner ceci"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG non fiable, prétendument par %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une mauvaise signature GPG prétendument par %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "La validation %s n'a pas de signature GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG correcte par %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Mise à jour %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de fusion vraiment triviale dans l'index...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Non.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Pas possible d'avancer rapidement, abandon."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Retour de l'arbre à l'original...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de la stratégie de fusion %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Aucune stratégie de fusion n'a pris en charge la fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "La fusion avec la stratégie %s a échoué.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisation de %s pour préparer la résolution à la main.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a réussi ; stoppée avant la validation comme demandé\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:26
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <validation> <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:27
+msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:28
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <validation> <validation>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:98
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "afficher tous les ancêtres communs"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:99
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "trouver les ancêtres pour une fusion simple à n points"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:100
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "afficher les révisions inaccessibles depuis les autres"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:102
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "est le premier ancêtre de l'autre ?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
+"file2"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [options] [-L nom1 [-L orig [-L nom2]]] fichier1 orig_file "
+"fichier2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "envoyer les résultats sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "utiliser une fusion basée sur diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser notre version (our)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser leur version (their)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser l'ensemble des versions"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser cette taille de marqueur"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "ne pas avertir à propos des conflits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
+msgstr "définir les labels pour fichier1/orig_file/fichier2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:67
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:153
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "l'entrée se termine par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "autoriser les objets manquants"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:155
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "autoriser la création de plus d'un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "forcer le déplacement/renommage même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "sauter les erreurs de déplacement/renommage"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Vérification du renommage de '%s' en '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "mauvaise source"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire dans lui-même"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire sur un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Hein ? Le répertoire %s est dans l'index et pourtant aucun sous-module ?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "Veuillez indexer vos modifications de .gitmodules ou remisez-les pour continuer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
+msgstr "Hein ? %.*s est dans l'index ?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "le répertoire source est vide"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "pas sous le contrôle de version"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "la destination existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "écrasement de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "multiples sources pour la même destination"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "le renommage de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
+msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [options] <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [options] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
+msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms (pas de SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les étiquettes pour nommer les validations"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les références correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher toutes les validations accessibles depuis toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "lire depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'affichage des noms `non définis` (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en entrée (usage interne)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] [list [<object>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références_notes>] add [-f] [-m <message> | -F <fichier> | "
+"(-c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références_notes>] copy [-f] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
+"<object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références_notes>] append [-m <message> | -F <fichier> | (-"
+"c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] edit [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références_notes>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <stratégie> ] "
+"<références_notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] remove [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références_notes>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objet>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<options>] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<depuis-objet> <vers-objet>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<options>] <références_notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de démarrer 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la sortie de 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de finir 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le contenu de la note en utilisant l'option -m ou -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de la note pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire l'objet note"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgstr "Le contenu de la note a été laissé dans %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir ou lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre '%s' comme une référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ligne en entrée malformée : '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de copier les notes de '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Pas de note trouvée pour l'objet %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "contenu de la note sous forme de chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "contenu de la note dans un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objet"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "remplacer les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'ajouter des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Écrasement des notes existantes pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les objets depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"charger la configuration de réécriture pour <commande> (implique --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "pas assez de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de copier des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Notes manquantes sur l'objet source %s. Impossible de copier."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les options -m/-F/-c/-C sont obsolètes pour la sous-commande 'edit'.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' à la place.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Options générales"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Options de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"résoudre les conflits de notes en utilisant la stratégie donnée (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Validation des notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "finaliser la fusion de notes en validant les notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Abandon de la résolution de fusion des notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'objet %s n'a pas de note\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+"la tentative de suppression d'une note non existante n'est pas une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire les noms d'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
+msgid "notes_ref"
+msgstr "références_notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
+msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "utiliser les notes depuis <références_notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Sous-commande inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< liste-références | < liste-objets]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< liste-références | < liste-objets]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "erreur de compression (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2398
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "version d'index non supportée %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2402
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvaise version d'index '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2425
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "l'option %s n'accepte pas de valeur négative"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2429
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser la valeur '%s' pour l'option %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2448
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2450
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2452
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression durant la phase d'écrite des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "similaire à --all-progress quand la barre de progression est affichée"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2457
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"écrire le fichier d'index du paquet dans le format d'index de version "
+"spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2460
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2462
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empruntés à un autre magasin d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2464
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2466
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2468
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par mémoire en plus de la limite d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2470
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"longueur maximum de la chaîne de delta autorisée dans le paquet résultant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2472
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "réutiliser les deltas existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2474
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "réutiliser les objets existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2476
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "utiliser les objets OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2478
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser des fils lors de la recherche pour une meilleurs correspondance des "
+"deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2480
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "ne pas créer un paquet vide"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2482
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "lire les paramètres de révision depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2484
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "limiter les objets à ceux qui ne sont pas encore empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2487
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inclure les objets accessibles depuis toute référence"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2490
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inclure les objets référencés par les éléments de reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2493
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "afficher l'empaquetage sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2495
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inclure les objets d'étiquettes qui réfèrent à des objets à empaqueter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "garder les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "heure"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2499
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "dépaqueter les objets inaccessibles plus récents que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2502
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "créer des paquets légers"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2504
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorer les paquets qui ont un fichier .keep"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2506
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "niveau de compression du paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2508
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "ne pas cacher les validations par greffes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [options]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "éliminer les références perdues (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <heure>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:132
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ne pas supprimer, afficher seulement"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:133
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets éliminés"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:136
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "faire expirer les objets plus vieux que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:47
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "raccourci d'étiquette sans <étiquette>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:66
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete accepte seulement des noms entiers de références cibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:101
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Pour choisir l'option de manière permanente, voir push.default dans 'git "
+"help config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:104
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche amont de votre branche courante ne correspond pas\n"
+"au nom de votre branche courante.  Pour pousser vers la branche amont\n"
+"sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour pousser vers la branche du même nom sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'êtes actuellement sur aucune branche.\n"
+"Pour pousser l'historique menant à l'état actuel (HEAD détachée),\n"
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<nom-de-la-branche-amont>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s n'a pas de branche amont.\n"
+"Pour pousser la branche courante et définir la distante comme amont, "
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s a de multiples branches amont, impossible de pousser."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes en train de pousser vers la branche distante '%s', qui n'est\n"
+"pas une branche amont de votre branche courante '%s', sans me dire\n"
+"quoi pousser pour mettre à jour quelle branche amont."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:167
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default n'est pas défini ; sa valeur implicite change dans Git 2.0\n"
+"de 'matching' vers 'simple'. Pour supprimer ce message et maintenir\n"
+"le comportement actuel après les changements par défaut, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour supprimer ce message et adopter le nouveau comportement maintenant, "
+"utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Voir 'git help config' et chercher 'push.default' pour plus d'information.\n"
+"(le mode 'simple' a été introduit dans Git 1.7.11. Utilisez le mode "
+"similaire\n"
+"'current' au lieu de 'simple' si vous utilisez de temps en temps d'anciennes "
+"versions de Git)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:227
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas spécifié de spécifications de référence à pousser, et push."
+"default est \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:234
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Intégrez les changements distants (par exemple 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:240
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration variable\n"
+"to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche poussée est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Si vous ne vouliez pas pousser cette branche, vous "
+"pourriez\n"
+"vouloir spécifier les branches à pousser ou définir la variable de "
+"configuration\n"
+"'push.default' à 'simple', 'current' ou 'upstream' pour pousser seulement la "
+"branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:246
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Extrayez cette branche et Intégrez les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la branche distante contient du "
+"travail que\n"
+"vous n'avez pas en local. Ceci est généralement causé par un autre dépôt "
+"poussé\n"
+"vers la même référence. Vous pourriez intégrer d'abord les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car l'étiquette existe déjà dans la "
+"branche distante."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas mettre à jour une référence distante qui pointe sur un "
+"objet qui\n"
+"n'est pas un commit, ou mettre à jour une référence distante pour la faire "
+"pointer\n"
+"vers un objet qui n'est pas un commit, sans utiliser l'option '--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Poussage vers %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de pousser des références vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvais dépôt '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:366
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de destination pour pousser.\n"
+"Spécifiez une URL depuis la ligne de commande ou configurez un dépôt distant "
+"en utilisant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nom> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"et poussez alors en utilisant le dépôt distant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nom>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:381
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:382
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:388
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:393
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --mirror sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:453
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:454
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "pousser toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:455
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "refléter toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:457
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:458
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+"pousser les étiquettes (ne peut pas être utilisé avec --all ou --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:461
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "forcer les mises à jour"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nom de référence>:<attendu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "exiger que l'ancienne valeur de la référence soit à cette valeur"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
+msgid "check"
+msgstr "check"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:467
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler le poussage récursif des sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:469
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "utiliser un empaquetage léger"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "recevoir le programme d'empaquetage"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:472
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "définir la branche amont pour git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:475
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "éliminer les références locales supprimées"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-push"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "pousser les étiquettes manquantes mais pertinentes"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete est incompatible avec --all, --mirror et --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:490
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete n'a pas de sens sans aucune référence"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:36
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --"
+"prefix=<préfixe>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-"
+"sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<fichier>] (--empty | <arbre ou apparenté "
+"1> [<arbre ou apparenté 2> [<arbre ou apparenté 3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "écrire l'index résultant dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "juste vider l'index"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion en plus d'une lecture"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points si aucune fusion de niveau fichier n'est requise"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points en présence d'ajouts et suppressions"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "comme -m, mais annule les éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "lire l'arbre dans l'index dans <sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "mettre à jour la copie de travail avec le résultat de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "autoriser explicitement les fichiers ignorés à être écrasés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "ne pas vérifier la copie de travail après la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "ne pas mettre à jour l'index ou la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "sauter l'application du filtre d'extraction creuse"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "déboguer unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "%s' pour '%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:11
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <branche>] [-m <maîtresse>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <ancienne> <nouvelle>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branche>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<groupe> | "
+"<distante>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <nouvelle-URL> [<ancienne-URL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <nouvelle-URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:27
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<options>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:42
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branche>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:47
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:53
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:58
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:63
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<options>] [<groupe> | <distante>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Mise à jour de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror est dangereux et obsolète ; merci\n"
+"\t d'utiliser --mirror=fetch ou --mirror=push à la place"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument miroir inconnu : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "rapatrier les branches distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:165
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+"importer toutes les étiquettes et les objets associés lors du rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:168
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ou ne rapatrier aucune étiquette (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:170
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branche(s) à suivre"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:171
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branche maîtresse"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:172
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:173
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"paramétrer la distante comme miroir pour pousser ou pour rapatrier depuis"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "spécifier une branche maîtresse n'a pas de sens avec --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"spécifier les branches à suivre n'a de sens qu'avec des miroirs de "
+"rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "la distante %s existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom valide de distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer la maîtresse '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "plus d'un %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'obtenir une correspondance distante pour la spécification de "
+"référence %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(correspond)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s' à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Distante inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de renommer la section de configuration '%s' en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la section de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise à jour du refspec de rapatriement qui n'est pas par défaut\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tVeuillez mettre à jour la configuration manuellement si nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de définir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de suppression de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de création de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Note : Une branche en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'a pas été supprimée ;\n"
+"pour la supprimer, utilisez :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Note : Plusieurs branches en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'ont pas été "
+"supprimées ;\n"
+"pour les supprimer, utilisez :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nouveau (le prochain rapatriement (fetch) stockera dans remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " suivi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " dépassé (utilisez 'git remote prune' pour supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge invalide ; ne peut pas rebaser sur plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "rebase sur la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "créer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "supprimer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "peut être mis à jour en avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "le local n'est pas à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1091
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "ne pas interroger les distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de rapatriement : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(pas d'URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL push : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branche HEAD : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Branche HEAD (la HEAD distante est ambiguë, peut être l'une des "
+"suivantes) :\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche distante :%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches distantes :%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (statut non demandé)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche locale configurée pour 'git pull' :"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches locales configurées pour 'git pull' :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Les références locales seront reflétées par 'git push'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Référence locale configurée pour 'git push'%s :"
+msgstr[1] "  Références locales configurées pour 'git push'%s :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1199
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "définir refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD selon la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1201
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "supprimer refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de déterminer la HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a de multiples branches HEAD distantes. Veuillez en choisir une "
+"explicitement avec :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Référence non valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s deviendra en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s est devenu en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Élimination de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [serait éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1321
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "éliminer les distants après le rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Pas de serveur remote '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1407
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "ajouter une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "pas de serveur distant spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1436
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuler les URLs push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1438
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "ajouter une URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1440
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "supprimer des URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete n'a aucun sens"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Motif d'URL ancien invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Pas d'URL trouvée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Pas de suppression de toutes les URLs non-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1569
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "être verbeux : doit être placé avant une sous-commande"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr "git repack [options]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout dans un seul paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "identique à -a et transformer les objets inaccessibles en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "supprimer les paquets redondants et lancer git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-delta à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-object à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "ne pas lancer git update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --local à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "date approximative"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "avec -A, ne pas suspendre les objets plus vieux que celui-ci"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "taille de la fenêtre utilisée pour la compression des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "idem ci-dessus, mais limiter la taille mémoire au lieu du nombre d'éléments"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limite la profondeur maximale des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la suppression de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:17
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objet> <remplacement>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:18
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git replace -l [<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "afficher les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "remplacer la référence si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget chemin... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "enregistrer des résolutions propres dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre ou apparenté> [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre ou apparenté>] [--] [<chemins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "merge"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas une HEAD valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"reset %s\" au milieu d'une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "être silencieux, afficher seulement les erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD et l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "réinitialiser seulement HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD, l'index et la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD mais garder les changements locaux"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme une révision valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme un arbre valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch est incompatible avec --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed avec des chemins est obsolète ; utilisez 'git reset -- <paths>' à la "
+"place."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"%s reset\" avec des chemins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "Le \"%s reset\" n'est pas permis dans un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après reset :"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de réinitialiser le fichier d'index à la révision '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<arguments>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "garder le `--` passé en argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "arrêt de l'analyse après le premier argument qui n'est pas une option"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<arguments>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse [options] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" pour plus d'information sur "
+"l'utilisation principale."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [options] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [options] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "mettre fin au retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprendre le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "annuler le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "ne pas valider automatiquement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "éditer le message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "numéro de parent"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "ajouter le nom de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "préserver les validations vides initialement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "autoriser les validations avec des messages vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "garder les validations redondantes, vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erreur du programme"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "le picorage a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [options] [--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le sous-module suivant (ou un de ses sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilise un répertoire .git :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les sous-modules suivants (ou un de ses sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilisent un répertoire .git :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le fichier suivant a du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les fichiers suivants ont du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des changements indexés :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des changements indexés :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez --cached pour garder le fichier, ou -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des modifications locales :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des modifications locales :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "outrepasser la vérification des fichiers à jour"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "autoriser la suppression récursive"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "sortir avec un statut zéro même si rien ne correspondait"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "pas de suppression récursive de '%s' sans -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm : impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<options>] [<intervalle révisions>] [[--] [<chemin>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Auteur manquant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "trier la sortie sur le nombre de validations par auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+"Supprimer les descriptions de validation, fournit seulement le nombre de "
+"validations"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Afficher l'adresse e-mail de chaque auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Couper les lignes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<quand>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | "
+"--independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] "
+"[(<révision> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:10
+msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "couleur '*!+-' correspondant à la branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "afficher <n> validations de plus après l'ancêtre commun"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonyme de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "supprimer les chaînes de nommage"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclure la branche courante"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "nommer les validations avec leurs noms d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "afficher les bases possibles de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "afficher les références inaccessibles depuis toute autre référence"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "afficher les validations dans l'ordre topologique"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:672
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher seulement les validations qui ne sont pas sur la première branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "afficher les fusions accessibles depuis une seule pointe"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "tri topologique, maintenant l'ordre par date si possible"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les <n> plus récents éléments de ref-log en commençant à la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [motif*] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=motif] < liste-références"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes (peut être combiné avec des têtes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les têtes (peut être combiné avec des étiquettes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"vérification de référence plus stricte, nécessite un chemin de référence "
+"exact"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "afficher la référence HEAD, même si elle serait filtrée"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en IDs d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "afficher seulement le hachage SHA1 en utilisant <n> chiffres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"ne pas afficher les résultats sur la sortie standard (pratique avec --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les références de l'entrée standard qui ne sont pas dans le dépôt "
+"local"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [options] nom [référence]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] nom"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer le message d'erreur pour une référence non symbolique (détachée)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "raccourcir l'affichage de la référence"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raison"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raison de la mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a|-s|-u <id-clé>] [-f] [-m <message>|-F <file>] <nométiquette> "
+"[<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <objet>] \n"
+"\t\t[<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objet malformé à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'étiquette trop long : %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "étiquette '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' supprimée (elle était %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de vérifier l'étiquette '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrire un message pour l'étiquette\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrire un message pour l'étiquette\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront gardées ; vous pouvez les retirer vous-"
+"même si vous le souhaitez.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossible de signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "mauvais type d'objet."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "en-tête d'étiquette trop gros."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "pas de message pour l'étiquette ?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Le message pour l'étiquette a été laissé dans %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "le commutateur 'points-at' a besoin d'un objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "affiche <n> lignes de chaque message d'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "supprimer des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "vérifier des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Options de création de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée, nécessite un message"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "message pour l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée et signée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "utiliser une autre clé pour signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "remplacer l'étiquette si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "afficher la liste des étiquettes sous forme de colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui contiennent la validation"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option -n est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --contains est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --points-at est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "une seule option -F ou -m est autorisée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom d'étiquette valide."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de verrouiller la référence"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de mettre à jour la référence"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' mise à jour (elle était %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
+msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [options] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "continuer de rafraîchir même si l'index a besoin d'une mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:723
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "rafraîchir : ignorer les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ne pas ignorer les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "laisser les fichiers remplacer des répertoires et vice-versa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "aviser des fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "rafraîchir même si l'index contient des éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "rafraîchir l'information de stat"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "comme --refresh, mais en ignorant l'option assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
+msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
+msgstr "<mode> <objet> <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter l'élément spécifié dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "outrepasser le bit exécutable pour les fichiers listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"non changeants\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:756
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit supposé-non-modifié"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:759
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"index seulement\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit sauter-la-copie-de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter seulement à l'index ; ne pas ajouter le contenu dans la base de "
+"données des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer les chemins nommés même s'ils sont présents dans la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "avec --stdin : les lignes en entrée sont terminées par des octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins à mettre à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter les éléments depuis l'entrée standard à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "repeupler les étapes n°2 et n°3 pour les chemins listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "mettre à jour seulement les éléments qui diffèrent de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "afficher les actions sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(pour porcelaines) oublier les conflits sauvés et non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "écrire l'index dans ce format"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options] -d <nomréférence> [<anciennevaleur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [options]    <nomréférence> <nouvellevaleur> "
+"[<anciennevaleur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "mettre à jour <nomréférence> et non la référence pointée par lui"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "l'entrée standard a des arguments qui se terminent par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les mises à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers d'information à partir de zéro"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les statistiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <étiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<préfixe>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<préfixe>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet arbre pour un sous-répertoire <préfixe>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "seulement utile pour le débogage"
+
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' et 'git help -g' listent les sous-commandes disponibles et\n"
+"quelques concepts. Voir 'git help <command>' ou 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"pour en lire plus à propos d'une commande spécifique ou d'un concept."
+
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "date d'expiration"
+
+#: parse-options.h:161
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "sans action (rétrocompatibilité)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:238
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "être plus verbeux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "être plus silencieux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:246
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "utiliser <n> chiffres pour afficher les SHA-1s"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Ajouter le contenu de fichiers dans l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Trouver par recherche binaire la modification qui a introduit un bogue"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Lister, créer ou supprimer des branches"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Extraire une branche ou des chemins dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Cloner un dépôt dans un nouveau répertoire"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les modifications dans le dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher les changements entre les validations, entre validation et copie de "
+"travail, etc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Télécharger les objets et références depuis un autre dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Afficher les lignes correspondant à un motif"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Créer un dépôt Git vide ou réinitialiser un existant"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Afficher l'historique des validations"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Fusionner deux ou plusieurs historiques de développement ensemble"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Déplacer ou renommer un fichier, un répertoire, ou un lien symbolique"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Rapatrier et intégrer un autre dépôt ou une branche locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour les références distantes ainsi que les objets associés"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+"Reporter les validations locales sur le sommet mis à jour d'une branche amont"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la HEAD courante à l'état spécifié"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Supprimer des fichiers de la copie de travail et de l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Afficher différents types d'objets"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Afficher le statut de la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Créer, lister, supprimer ou vérifier un objet d'étiquette signé avec GPG"
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Vous devez d'abord définir vos informations de validateur"
+
+#: git-am.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous semblez avoir déplacé la HEAD depuis le dernier échec de 'am'.\n"
+"Pas de retour à ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:105
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"$cmdline --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:121
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de retourner à une fusion à 3 points."
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt n'a pas les blobs nécessaires pour un retour à une fusion à 3 "
+"points."
+
+#: git-am.sh:139
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilisation de l'information de l'index pour reconstruire un arbre de base..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Avez-vous édité le patch à la main ?\n"
+"Il ne s'applique pas aux blobs enregistrés dans son index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:163
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retour à un patch de la base et fusion à 3 points..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:179
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Échec d'intégration des modifications."
+
+#: git-am.sh:274
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Seulement une série de patchs StGIT peut être appliquée à la fois"
+
+#: git-am.sh:361
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Le format de patch $patch_format n'est pas supporté."
+
+#: git-am.sh:363
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Échec de détection du format du patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:389
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"L'option -b/--binary ne fait plus rien depuis longtemps,\n"
+"et elle sera supprimée. Veuillez ne plus l'utiliser."
+
+#: git-am.sh:479
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"le répertoire précédent de rebasage $dotest existe toujours mais mbox donnée."
+
+#: git-am.sh:484
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Décidez-vous. --skip ou --abort ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Répertoire abandonné $dotest trouvé.\n"
+"Utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour le supprimer."
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de résolution de l'opération en cours, nous ne sommes pas dans une "
+"reprise."
+
+#: git-am.sh:594
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Index sale : impossible d'appliquer des patchs (sales : $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Le patch est vide.  Était-il mal découpé ?\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez plutôt \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:725
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Le patch n'a pas d'adresse e-mail valide."
+
+#: git-am.sh:772
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'être interactif sans entrée standard connectée à un terminal."
+
+#: git-am.sh:776
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Le corps de la validation est :"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:783
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Appliquer ? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+
+#: git-am.sh:819
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Application : $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:840
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun changement - avez-vous oublié d'utiliser 'git add' ?\n"
+"S'il n'y a plus rien à indexer, il se peut qu'autre chose ait déjà\n"
+"introduit les mêmes changements ; vous pourriez avoir envie de sauter ce "
+"patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:848
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez toujours des chemins non fusionnés dans votre index\n"
+"auriez-vous oublié de faire 'git add' ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Pas de changement -- Patch déjà appliqué."
+
+#: git-am.sh:874
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Le patch a échoué à $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie du patch qui a échoué se trouve dans :\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:895
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "application à un historique vide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Souhaitez-vous que je le fasse pour vous [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "option inconnue : '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' ne semble être une révision valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - j'ai besoin d'une HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"L'extraction de '$start_head' a échoué. Essayez 'git bisect reset "
+"<branchevalide>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgstr "refus de bissecter sur un arbre 'seeked'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - référence symbolique douteuse"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Mauvais argument pour bisect_write : $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Veuillez appeler 'bisect_state' avec au moins un argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:250
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' n'accepte qu'un seul argument."
+
+#. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+#. this is less optimum.
+#: git-bisect.sh:273
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Attention : bissection avec seulement une mauvaise validation."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:279
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Êtes-vous sûr [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:289
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Puis vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Pas de bissection en cours."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' n'est pas une validation valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'extraction de la HEAD d'origine '$branch'.\n"
+"Essayez 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Pas de fichier de log donné"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "impossible de lire $file pour rejouer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de quoi parlez-vous ?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "lancement de $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"le code retour $res de '$command' est < 0 ou >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "la bissection ne peut plus continuer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' a retourné le code erreur $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "succès de la bissection"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+"Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés.\n"
+"Veuillez les corriger dans votre copie de travail, et utilisez alors 'git "
+"add/rm <file>'\n"
+"si nécessaire pour marquer comme résolu, ou utilisez 'git commit -a'."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:223
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+"mise à jour d'une branche non encore créée avec les changements ajoutés dans "
+"l'index"
+
+#. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+#. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+#. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+#. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+#: git-pull.sh:255
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Attention : fetch a mis à jour la tête de la branche courante.\n"
+"Attention : mise à jour en avance rapide de votre copie de travail\n"
+"Attention : depuis la validation $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:280
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de fusionner de multiples branches sur une tête vide"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:284
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Impossible de rebaser sur de multiples branches"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"git rebase --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour extraire la branche d'origine et stopper le rebasage, lancez \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Autoremisage appliqué."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Impossible de stocker $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"L'application de l'autoremisage a provoqué des conflits\n"
+"Vos  modifications sont à l'abri dans la remise.\n"
+"Vous pouvez lancer \"git stash pop\" ou \"git stash drop\" à tout moment.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Le crochet pre-rebase a refusé de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Il semble que git-am soit en cours. Impossible de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "L'option --exec doit être utilisée avec l'option --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Pas de rebasage en cours ?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"L'action --edit-todo peut seulement être utilisée lors d'un rebasage "
+"interactif."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez éditer tous les conflits de fusion et\n"
+"les marquer comme résolus avec git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir à $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Il semble qu'il y ait déjà un répertoire $state_dir_base, et je me demande\n"
+"si un autre rebasage n'est pas déjà en cours. Si c'est le cas,\n"
+"essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Sinon, essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"puis relancez-moi à nouveau.  Je m'arrête au cas où vous auriez quelque "
+"chose\n"
+"d'important ici."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "invalide $upstream_name en amont"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il y a plus d'une base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il n'y a pas de base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Ne pointe pas sur une validation valide : $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal : pas de branche : $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Autoremisage impossible"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Autoremisage créé : $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Veuillez les valider ou les remiser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour, rebasage forcé."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Changements de $mb sur $onto :"
+
+#. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Premièrement, rembobinons head pour rejouer votre travail par-dessus..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name mise à jour en avance rapide sur $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear avec des paramètres n'est pas implémenté"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas encore la validation initiale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:140
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Aucun changement sélectionné"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:143
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'index temporaire (ne peut pas se produire)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:156
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Impossible d'enregistrer l'état de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour $ref_stash avec $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"erreur: option inconnue pour 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Pour fournir un message, utilisez git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:258
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Pas de modifications locales à sauver"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:262
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossible d'initialiser le remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:266
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver le statut courant"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:284
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer les changements de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:383
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Pas de remisage trouvé."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:390
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Trop de révisions spécifiées : $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:396
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference n'est pas une référence valide"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:424
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une validation de type remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:435
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une référence de remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:443
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossible de rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:447
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer un remisage en cours de fusion"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:455
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Conflits dans l'index. Essayez sans --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:457
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'arbre d'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:491
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Impossible de désindexer les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:506
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "L'index n'a pas été sorti de remise."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:523
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} supprimé ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Impossible de supprimer l'élément de stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Aucune branche spécifiée"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:603
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Pour les restaurer tapez \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer un composant de l'URL '$remoteurl'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise en correspondance du sous-module trouvé dans .gitmodules pour le "
+"chemin '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Le clonage de '$url' dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path' a échoué"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+"Le répertoire Git '$a' fait partie du chemin de sous-module '$b' ou vice-"
+"versa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Un chemin relatif ne peut être utilisé que depuis la racine de la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "L'URL de dépôt '$repo' doit être absolu ou commencer par ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le chemin suivant est ignoré par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Utilisez -f si vous voulez vraiment l'ajouter."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Ajout du dépôt existant à '$sm_path' dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà et n'est pas un dépôt git valide"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Un répertoire git pour '$sm_name' est trouvé en local avec le(s) serveur(s) "
+"distant(s) :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez réutiliser ce répertoire git local au lieu de cloner à "
+"nouveau depuis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"utilisez l'option '--force'. Si le répertoire local git n'est pas le dépôt "
+"correct"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"ou vous ne savez pas ce que cela signifie de choisir un autre nom avec "
+"l'option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Réactivation du répertoire git local pour le sous-module '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'extraire le sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'ajout du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Entrée dans '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Arrêt sur '$prefix$displaypath' ; le script a retourné un statut non nul."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"URL non trouvé pour le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'enregistrement de l'URL pour le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Sous-module '$name' ($url) enregistré pour le chemin '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'enregistrement du mode de mise à jour pour le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Utilisez '.' si vous voulez vraiment réinitialiser tous les sous-modules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient un répertoire .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient des modifications "
+"locales ; utilisez '-f' pour les annuler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Répertoire '$displaypath' nettoyé"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de supprimer la copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire vide du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Le sous-module '$name' ($url) n'est pas enregistré pour le chemin "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' non initialisé\n"
+"Peut-être souhaitez-vous utiliser 'update --init' ?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver la révision courante dans le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de rebaser '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : rebasé dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de fusionner '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : fusionné dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"L'exécution de '$command $sha1' a échoué dans le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' : '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'extraire '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : '$sha1' extrait"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'option --cached ne peut pas être utilisée avec l'option --files"
+
+#. unexpected type
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode $mod_dst inattendu"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas les validations $sha1_src et "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisation de l'URL sous-module pour '$displaypath'"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "les chemins en entrée sont terminés par le caractère nul"
+
+#~ msgid "done\n"
+#~ msgstr "fait\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les fichiers suivants non suivis ne seront PAS sauvés mais doivent être "
+#~ "supprimés par le remisage :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr "Abandon. Utilisez l'option --force ou --include-untracked."
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
index e561158..58af01a 100644
--- a/po/git.pot
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-16 08:38+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=INTEGER; plural=EXPRESSION;\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -52,74 +52,199 @@
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1079
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2389
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:801 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:333
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:334
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:335
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:336
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:344
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:347
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -130,7 +255,7 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:672
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
@@ -139,27 +264,27 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
@@ -167,7 +292,7 @@
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -198,12 +323,12 @@
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr ""
@@ -212,16 +337,16 @@
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -293,31 +418,41 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:3458
+#: diff.c:3490
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -329,59 +464,73 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1441
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1695
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1458
+#: grep.c:1712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1469
+#: grep.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -391,6 +540,20 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
@@ -401,271 +564,378 @@
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
 "in tree."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
 "in tree at %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
 "\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
 msgid "..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -673,7 +943,11 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1864
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -684,769 +958,1005 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:356
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:378
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:423
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:494
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:521
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:629
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:665
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:758
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:763
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:815
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:852
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:856
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:893
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:895
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:921
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1131
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:408
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:455
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:146
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:183
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:194
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:218
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:219
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:221
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:257
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:259
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:261
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:291
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:293
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:295
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
-#, c-format
-msgid "new file:   %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:306
-#, c-format
-msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:309
-#, c-format
-msgid "deleted:    %s"
-msgstr ""
-
 #: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
-msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
-msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
-msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
-msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
-msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:330
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:336
+#, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:851
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:854
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:857
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:867
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:870
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:813
-msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:815
-msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
-msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:876
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: wt-status.c:878
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:948
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:950
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:963
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:975
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:987
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:989
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
-msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1046
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1221
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1271
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1273
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1283
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1285
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1291
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1296
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1299
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1302
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
 "track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1305
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1308
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1314
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1318
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1427
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1433
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1465
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1473
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:230
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:237
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:299
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:314
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:321
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:337
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:133
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1154
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1477
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:362
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:363
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:369
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:370
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:392
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:393
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:456
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:487
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:290 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1499,17 +2009,17 @@
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1520,400 +2030,396 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
 "%.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
-#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
 msgid "path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1937,21 +2443,21 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1967,399 +2473,486 @@
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "score"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:181
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:187
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:204
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:211
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:217
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/branch.c:227
 #, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:240
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:338
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:410
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:412
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:416
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:418
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:421
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:424
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:537
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:602
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:640
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:644
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:655
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:670
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:694
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:724
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:726
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:727
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:728
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:730
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:734
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:735
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:738 builtin/branch.c:744 builtin/branch.c:765
-#: builtin/branch.c:771 builtin/commit.c:1362 builtin/commit.c:1363
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/commit.c:1365 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:739 builtin/branch.c:745
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:752
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:754
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:755
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:756
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:759
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:765
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:771
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:793 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:864
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:876
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:891
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:894
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
 "track or --set-upstream-to\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:911
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2367,12 +2960,12 @@
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:912
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:913
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -2390,43 +2983,43 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2446,12 +3039,65 @@
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
-msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
@@ -2506,111 +3152,106 @@
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:193
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2625,7 +3266,7 @@
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2635,232 +3276,319 @@
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:961
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964 builtin/checkout.c:968
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972 builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:980
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1025 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026 builtin/log.c:1111 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
 msgid "style"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
-msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
-msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
-msgid "--track needs a branch name"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1078
-msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1120
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1129
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-msgid "remove whole directories"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:803
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:199
-msgid "pattern"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
-msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
-msgid "remove ignored files, too"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
-msgid "remove only ignored files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2872,194 +3600,222 @@
 msgid "create a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:72
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:74
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:76
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:78
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
 msgid "template-directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:486
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
 msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:86
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "reference repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
 msgid "name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:748
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:94
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
 msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:96
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:99
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
 msgid "key=value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:100
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3095,15 +3851,15 @@
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3117,110 +3873,123 @@
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:257
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:299
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:305
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:338 builtin/commit.c:359 builtin/commit.c:409
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:390
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:392
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:402
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:422
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:509 builtin/commit.c:515
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:538
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:558
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:596 builtin/commit.c:629 builtin/commit.c:952
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:608 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:614
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:636
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:640
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:705
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:716
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3230,7 +3999,7 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:721
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3240,610 +4009,640 @@
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:733
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:751
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:778
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:815
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:927
+#: builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942 builtin/commit.c:1142
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:982
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:993
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:996
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1001
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1021
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1038
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1054 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
 msgid "show status concisely"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1386
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1160 builtin/commit.c:1388 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1163 builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1165 builtin/commit.c:1393 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1170 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
 msgid "when"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1171
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1173
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1242
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1244
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1285
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1287
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1354
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1357
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1358 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
 msgid "date"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1362
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+#: builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/log.c:1068 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
 msgid "default"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1432
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1503
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1522
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1537 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1558
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1562
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1573
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:7
+#: builtin/config.c:8
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:57
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
-msgid "Action"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/config.c:58
-msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "blob-id"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:59
-msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:60
-msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgid "Action"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:61
-msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:62
-msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:63
-msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:64
-msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:65
-msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:66
-msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:67
-msgid "list all"
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:68
-msgid "open an editor"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/config.c:69 builtin/config.c:70
-msgid "slot"
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:69
-msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:70
-msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:71
-msgid "Type"
+msgid "list all"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:72
-msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "slot"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:73
-msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:74
-msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:75
-msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgid "Type"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:76
-msgid "Other"
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:77
-msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
-msgid "always use long format"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
-msgid "only output exact matches"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:412
-msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:414
-msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
-msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgid "only follow first parent"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
@@ -3851,31 +4650,26 @@
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
@@ -3884,39 +4678,39 @@
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3936,218 +4730,230 @@
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
 msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
 msgid "on-demand"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
 msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4155,382 +4961,392 @@
 msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:787
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:192
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
 msgid "n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
 msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
 msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format to use for the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
 msgid "key"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
 msgid "field name to sort on"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
 msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
 msgid "show unreachable objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
 msgid "show dangling objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
 msgid "report tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
 msgid "report root nodes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
 msgid "make index objects head nodes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
 msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
 msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
 msgid "enable more strict checking"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
 msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
 msgid "show progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:22
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
 msgid "git gc [options]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:179
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
 msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:181
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
 msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:182
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
 msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:222
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
 "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:249
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:22
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:217
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:455
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:531 builtin/grep.c:565
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:579
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:637
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:729
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:731
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:733
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:735
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:738
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:742
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:746
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:749
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:753
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:756
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:759
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:762
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:765
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:766
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:767
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:769
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:771
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:773
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:776
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:778
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:780
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:781
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:783
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:785
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:788
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:791
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:793
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:794
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:797
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:799
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:802
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:804
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:806
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:818
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:820
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:829
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:830 builtin/show-ref.c:201
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:921
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:935
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:976
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:999
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1004
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1007
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1015
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4568,364 +5384,396 @@
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5014,11 +5862,6 @@
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:363
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr ""
-
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
@@ -5047,8 +5890,8 @@
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:467
 msgid ""
-"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
-"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:490
@@ -5059,7 +5902,7 @@
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5089,373 +5932,389 @@
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:126
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:231
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:589
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:771
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:801
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:809
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:911
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:890
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1063
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1066
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1070
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1072
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1074
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1076
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1078
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1086
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1089
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1093
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1095
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
 msgid "header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1097
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098 builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "email"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1104 builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1114
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1115
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1214
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1443
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:408
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
 msgid "only show trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
 msgid "include object size"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
 msgid "list only filenames"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
 msgid "use full path names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5471,309 +6330,327 @@
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -5864,448 +6741,435 @@
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:14
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:64
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
 msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:65
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
 msgid "skip move/rename errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
-msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6318,7 +7182,7 @@
 msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6439,7 +7303,7 @@
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:141
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
 msgid "time"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6499,21 +7363,21 @@
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:45
+#: builtin/push.c:47
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:64
+#: builtin/push.c:66
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:101
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:104
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
@@ -6528,7 +7392,7 @@
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:119
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6538,7 +7402,7 @@
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:133
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6547,12 +7411,12 @@
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6560,7 +7424,7 @@
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:167
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6578,20 +7442,20 @@
 "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:227
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:234
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:240
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6599,30 +7463,50 @@
 "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:246
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:366
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -6635,79 +7519,95 @@
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:381
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:382
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:387
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:388
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:393
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:458
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:461
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
 msgid "check"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:467
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:469
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:472
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:475
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:490
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6718,70 +7618,80 @@
 "index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6801,7 +7711,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:15
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
@@ -6838,7 +7748,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:42
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
@@ -7268,6 +8178,67 @@
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/replace.c:17
 msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
 msgstr ""
@@ -7280,23 +8251,23 @@
 msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:118
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
 msgid "list replace refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:119
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
 msgid "delete replace refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:120
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
 msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
 msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7306,11 +8277,11 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
@@ -7333,102 +8304,108 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7438,7 +8415,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
@@ -7446,167 +8423,196 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
 msgid "option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:14
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:134
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:135
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:136
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:137
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:139
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7622,47 +8628,47 @@
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7675,56 +8681,56 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
-msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:11
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:187 builtin/show-ref.c:189
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:191
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:193
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:197
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7732,19 +8738,27 @@
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:38
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
 msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:39
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
 msgid "shorten ref output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason of the update"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7793,291 +8807,301 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:717
+#: builtin/update-index.c:720
 msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+#: builtin/update-index.c:723
 msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:723
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:725
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:727
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:729
+#: builtin/update-index.c:732
 msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
 msgid "refresh stat information"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:736
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
 msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:740
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
 msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:745
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
 msgid "(+/-)x"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
 msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:750
+#: builtin/update-index.c:753
 msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+#: builtin/update-index.c:756
 msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:756
+#: builtin/update-index.c:759
 msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:759
+#: builtin/update-index.c:762
 msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:764
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:766
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:768
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
 msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:784
+#: builtin/update-index.c:787
 msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:789
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
 msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
 msgid "write index in this format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
 msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
 msgid "delete the reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
 msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
 msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
 msgstr ""
@@ -8122,23 +9146,30 @@
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:161
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:246
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8179,7 +9210,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
@@ -8195,7 +9226,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
@@ -8239,7 +9270,7 @@
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
@@ -8289,25 +9320,32 @@
 "it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8315,60 +9353,60 @@
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8460,59 +9498,59 @@
 "(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8527,7 +9565,7 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:223
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8535,7 +9573,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:255
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -8543,15 +9581,15 @@
 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:280
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -8559,42 +9597,58 @@
 "\"."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -8607,56 +9661,65 @@
 "valuable there."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr ""
@@ -8689,6 +9752,11 @@
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -8699,126 +9767,130 @@
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:258
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:266
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:383
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:396
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:424
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:435
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:443
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:457
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:491
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:506
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:523
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:524
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:603
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -8826,151 +9898,236 @@
 "Use -f if you really want to add it."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/it.po b/po/it.po
index fe61f1a..9080219 100644
--- a/po/it.po
+++ b/po/it.po
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/nl.po b/po/nl.po
index e1399e2..ad31c66 100644
--- a/po/nl.po
+++ b/po/nl.po
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/pt_PT.po b/po/pt_PT.po
index 517ec29..689ad1b 100644
--- a/po/pt_PT.po
+++ b/po/pt_PT.po
@@ -2312,7 +2312,7 @@
 msgstr "Nenhum nome encontrado, não descreve nada."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
index 9b3aa74..50cc8cb 100644
--- a/po/sv.po
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Swedish translations for Git.
-# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git 1.7.12\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git 1.8.4\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-16 08:38+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-10-16 08:36+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-09 19:02+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
 "Language: sv\n"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -57,74 +57,211 @@
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr "git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
+
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr "fmt"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr "arkivformat"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1079
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr "prefix"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr "lägg till prefix till varje sökväg i arkivet"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2389
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:801 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "fil"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr "skriv arkivet till filen"
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:333
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr "läs .gitattributes i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:334
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
 msgstr "rapportera arkiverade filer på standard fel"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:335
 msgid "store only"
 msgstr "endast spara"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:336
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr "komprimera snabbare"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:344
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr "komprimera bättre"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:347
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
 msgstr "visa understödda arkivformat"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr "arkiv"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr "hämta arkivet från fjärrarkivet <arkiv>"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr "kommando"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr "sökväg till kommandot git-upload-archive på fjärren"
 
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Negativa mönster ignoreras i git-attribut\n"
+"Använd '\\!' för att inleda med ett utropstecken."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Ställer inte in grenen %s som sin egen uppströmsgren."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Spårning har inte ställts in: namnet för långt: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Spårar inte: tvetydig information för referensen %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt grennamn."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte tvinga uppdatering av aktuell gren."
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte ställa in spårning; startpunkten \"%s\" är inte en gren."
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "den efterfrågade uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt basera ditt arbete på en uppströmsgren\n"
+"som redan finns på fjärren kan du behöva köra \"git fetch\"\n"
+"för att hämta den.\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt sända in en ny lokal gren som skall\n"
+"spåra dess fjärrmotsvarighet kan du använda \"git push -u\"\n"
+"för att ställa in uppströmskonfigurationen när du sänder in."
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är tvetydigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Avgreningspunkten är inte giltig: \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Misslyckades låsa referens för uppdatering"
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Misslyckades skriva referens"
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
@@ -135,7 +272,7 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "okänt huvud: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:672
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
@@ -144,35 +281,35 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr "Arkivet saknar dessa nödvändiga incheckningar:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller %d referens"
-msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller %d referenser"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) dessa %d referenser:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Paketet (bundlen) beskriver en komplett historik."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens"
-msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list dog"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
@@ -203,12 +340,12 @@
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack dog"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka %s"
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
@@ -217,16 +354,16 @@
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "minnet slut"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte köra \"git rev-list\""
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva till rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte stänga rev-list:s standard in: %s"
@@ -298,18 +435,23 @@
 msgstr[0] "%lu år sedan"
 msgstr[1] "%lu år sedan"
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%.*s\"\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%.*s\"\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%s\"\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänt värde för konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.submodule\": \"%s\""
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -317,7 +459,7 @@
 "Hittade fel i konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.dirstat\":\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3458
+#: diff.c:3490
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -326,7 +468,12 @@
 "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --dirstat/-X;\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --submodule: \"%s\""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "kunde inte köra gpg."
 
@@ -338,31 +485,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg misslyckades signera data"
 
-#: grep.c:1441
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporära filen \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skriva fristående signatur till \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1695
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kunde inte läsa %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1458
+#: grep.c:1712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1469
+#: grep.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\": kort läsning %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "git-kommandon tillgängliga i \"%s\""
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "git-kommandon från andra platser i din $PATH"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -371,11 +532,11 @@
 "\"%s\" verkar vara ett git-kommando, men vi kan inte\n"
 "köra det. Kanske git-%s är trasigt?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "Oj då. Ditt system rapporterar inga Git-kommandon alls."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -384,17 +545,17 @@
 "VARNING: Du anropade ett Git-kommando vid namn \"%s\", som inte finns.\n"
 "Fortsätter under förutsättningen att du menade \"%s\""
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "automatiskt om %0.1f sekunder..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git: \"%s\" är inte ett git-kommando. Se \"git --help\"."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -408,6 +569,20 @@
 "\n"
 "Menade du ett av dessa?"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "misslyckads läsa cachen"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
@@ -418,70 +593,70 @@
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "addinfo_cache misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "fel vid byggande av träd"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa sökvägen \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort %s för att göra plats för underkatalog\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": kanske en K/F-konflikt?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "vägrar förlora ospårad fil vid \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s: \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
 msgstr "blob förväntades för %s \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta skapa symboliska länken \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "vet inte hur %06o %s \"%s\" skall hanteras"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "Misslyckades exekvera intern sammanslagning"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till %s till databasen"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "objekttyp som ej stöds upptäcktes i trädet"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -490,7 +665,7 @@
 "KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
 "i trädet."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -499,20 +674,20 @@
 "KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
 "i trädet vid %s."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "namnbyte"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "namnbytt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s är en katalog i %s lägger till som %s istället"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -521,176 +696,286 @@
 "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" på grenen \"%s\" "
 "namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" i \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (lämnad olöst)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. Namnbyte %s->%s i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s och %s till %s istället"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/tillägg): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. %s tillagd i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Lägger till sammanslagen %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Lägger till som %s iställer"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "objektet %s är inte en blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "ändra"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "ändrad"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "innehåll"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "tillägg/tillägg"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "Hoppade över %s (sammanslagen samma som befintlig)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "Slår ihop %s automatiskt"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "undermodul"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Sammanslagningskonflikt i %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "Tar bort %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "fil/katalog"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "katalog/fil"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "KONFLIKT (%s): Det finns en katalog med namnet %s i %s. Lägger till %s som %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Lägger till %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "Ödesdigert sammanslagningsfel, borde inte inträffa."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "Redan à jour!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "sammanslagning av träden %s och %s misslyckades"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "Obehandlad sökväg??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "Slår ihop:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "hittade %u gemensam förfader:"
 msgstr[1] "hittade %u gemensamma förfäder:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "sammanslagningen returnerade ingen incheckning"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka objektet: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "användning: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "     eller: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-TAL"
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"de globala sökvägsinställningarna \"glob\" och \"noglob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"den globala sökvägsinställningen \"literal\" är inkompatibel med alla andra "
+"globala sökvägsinställningar"
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ogiltig parameter för sökvägsuttrycket för \"prefix\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktigt sökvägsuttryck \"%.*s\" i \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "\")\" saknas i slutet av sökvägsuttrycket för \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Tecknet \"%c\" i sökvägsuttrycket i \"%s\" har inte implementerats"
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: \"literal\" och \"glob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: \"%s\" är utanför arkivet"
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: sökvägsuttrycket hanteras inte av det här kommandot: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är baserad på \"%s\", men den har försvunnit uppströms.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git branch --unset-upstream\" för att rätta)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är à jour med \"%s\".\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckning.\n"
 msgstr[1] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git push\" för att publicera dina lokala incheckningar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -700,7 +985,11 @@
 msgstr[1] ""
 "Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckningar, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att uppdatera din lokala gren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1864
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -715,19 +1004,32 @@
 "Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
 "och har %d respektive %d olika incheckningar.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att slå ihop fjärrgrenen med din egen)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) misslyckades"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -735,7 +1037,7 @@
 "efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -745,542 +1047,745 @@
 "med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\"\n"
 "och checka in resultatet med \"git commit\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"cherry-pick\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"revert\"."
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:356
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte bestämma HEAD:s incheckning\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:378
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera cacheträd\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:423
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:494
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Din indexfil har inte slagits ihop."
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "Incheckning %s är en sammanslagning, men flaggan -m angavs inte."
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:521
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte förälder %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "Huvudlinje angavs, men incheckningen %s är inte en sammanslagning"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta incheckningsmeddelande för %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte ångra %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:629
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte tillämpa %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:665
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "den angivna uppsättningen incheckningar är tom"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades läsa indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: misslyckades uppdatera indexet"
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "kan inte %s under en %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:758
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka rad %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:763
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar lästes."
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Oanvändbart manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:815
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig nyckel: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt värde för %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Trasigt manus: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "en \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår redan"
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:852
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "testa \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:856
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa \"sequencer\"-katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "ingen \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår"
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:893
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "kan inte bestämma HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:895
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "kan inte avbryta från en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:921
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "oväntat filslut"
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "sparad HEAD-fil från före \"cherry-pick\", \"%s\", är trasig"
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte formatera %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" på typen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: felaktig revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Kan inte ångra som första incheckning"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1131
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" i ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git skapar normalt aldrig referenser som slutar med 40 hexadecimala\n"
+"tecken, då detta ignoreras när du anger 40-hex enbart. Dessa\n"
+"referenser kan skapas av misstag. Till exempel, för\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"där \"$br\" på något sätt blivit tomt och en 40-hex-referens skapats.\n"
+"Undersök referenserna och ta kanske bort dem. Stäng av meddelandet\n"
+"genom att köra \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD pekar inte på en gren"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "Okänd gren: \"%s\""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för grenen \"%s\""
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr "Uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
 
-#: wrapper.c:408
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte ändra .gitmodules-fil som inte slagits ihop, lös "
+"sammanslagningskonflikter först"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Hittade inte någon sektion i .gitmodules där sökväg=%s"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte uppdatera .gitmodules-posten %s"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort .gitmodules-posten för %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr "kunde inte hitta .gitmodules i indexet"
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort .gitmodules från indexet"
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades lägga till uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades köa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa gitlänk %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte sätta core.worktree i %s"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "ogiltig URL-schemanamn eller saknat \"://\"-suffix"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ogiltig %XX-teckensekvens"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "värd saknas och schemat är inte \"file:\""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "en \"file:\"-URL kan inte innehålla portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "ogiltiga tecken i värdnamnet"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "felaktigt portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "felaktit \"..\"-sökvägssegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
 msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\": %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\""
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "kan inte slå upp aktuell användare i passwd-filen: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:455
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "okänd användare"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:146
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Ej sammanslagna sökvägar:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git reset %s <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rm --cached <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" som lämpligt för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:183
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rm <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:194
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Ändringar att checka in:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "Ändringar ej i incheckningskön:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:218
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:219
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git checkout -- <fil>...\" för att förkasta ändringar i "
 "arbetskatalogen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:221
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (checka in eller förkasta ospårat eller ändrat innehåll i undermoduler)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i det som skall checkas in)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "borttaget av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "tillagt av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:257
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "borttaget av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "tillagt av dem:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:259
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "borttaget av oss:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "tillagt av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:261
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "ändrat av bägge:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:291
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "nya incheckningar, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:293
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "ändrat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:295
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "ospårat innehåll, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "ny fil:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "kopierad:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "borttagen:  %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "ändrad:     %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "namnbyte:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "typbyte:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "okänd:      %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "osammansl.: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "programfel: diff-status %c ej hanterad"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "Du har ej sammanslagna sökvägar."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:851
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör \"git commit\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:854
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "Alla konflikter har rättats men du är fortfarande i en sammanslagning."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:857
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra sammanslagningen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:867
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en körning av \"git am\"."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:870
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Aktuell patch är tom."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:876
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git am --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:878
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git am --abort\" för att återställa ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på att ombasera grenen \"%s\" ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "Du håller på med en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:946
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:948
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:950
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --abort\" för att checka ut ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:963
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning i en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:975
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (Så fort din arbetskatalog är ren, kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att redigera en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Du håller på att redigera en incheckning under en ombasering."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:987
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git commit --amend\" för att lägga till på aktuell incheckning)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:989
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --continue\" när du är nöjd med dina ändringar)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
-msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
-msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\"."
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\" av incheckningen %s."
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git cherry-pick --abort\" för att avbryta \"cherry-pick\"-"
+"operationen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med att ångra incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git revert --abort\" för att avbryta ångrandet)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\", startad från grenen \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\"."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1046
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (använd \"git bisect reset\" för att komma tillbaka till ursprungsgrenen)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1221
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "På grenen "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "ombasering pågår; ovanpå"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad vid "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad från "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren för närvarande."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Första incheckning"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1271
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr "Ospårade filer"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1273
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr "Ignorerade filer"
 
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna upp ospårade filer. \"status -uno\"\n"
+"kan gå snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så du inte glömmer\n"
+"lägga till nya filer själv (se \"git help status\")."
+
 # %s är nästa sträng eller tom.
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1283
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Ospårade filer visas ej%s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1285
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr " (använd flaggan -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1291
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1296
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 "inga ändringar att checka in (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a"
 "\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1299
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1302
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
@@ -1289,213 +1794,279 @@
 "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns (spåra med \"git add"
 "\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1305
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1308
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in (skapa/kopiera filer och spåra med \"git add\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1314
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1318
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr "inget att checka in, arbetskatalogen ren\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1427
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (ingen gren)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1433
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Första incheckning på "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "försvunnen"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1465
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "efter "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "före "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1473
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", efter "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git add [flaggor] [--] <filmönster>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Beteendet för \"git add %s (eller %s)\" utan sökvägsargument från en\n"
+"underkatalog i ett träd kommer ändras i Git 2.0 och bör inte längre "
+"användas.\n"
+"För att lägga till innehållet för hela trädet, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (eller git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"För att begränsa kommandot till aktuell katalog, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (eller git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"I nuvarande version av Git begränsas kommandot till aktuell katalog.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du körde \"git add\" utan varken \"-A (--all)\" eller \"--ignore-removal\".\n"
+"Beteendet kommer ändras i Git 2.0 vad gäller sökvägar du tagit bort.\n"
+"Sökvägar som \"%s\", som har\n"
+"tagits bort från din arbetskatalog ignoreras i den här versionen av Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --ignore-removal <sökväg>\", som är förvalet just nu,\n"
+"  ignorerar sökvägar du har tagit bort från arbetskatalogen.\n"
+"\n"
+"* \"git add --all <sökväg>\" låter dig även registrera borttagningarna.\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git status\" för att kontrollera sökvägarna du tagit bort från\n"
+"arbetskatalogen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "diff-status %c förväntades inte"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:230
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades uppdatera filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "ta bort \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Sökvägen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:237
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "Ospårade ändringar efter att ha uppdaterat indexet:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "\"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:299
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:314
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva patch"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:321
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Tom patch. Avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:337
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr "Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:133
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr "testkörning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1154
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1477
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "var pratsam"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr "plocka interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
 msgstr "välj stycken interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr "redigera aktuell diff och applicera"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr "tillåt lägga till annars ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr "uppdatera spårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:362
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr "registrera endast att sökvägen kommer läggas till senare"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:363
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "lägg till ändringar från alla spårade och ospårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorera sökvägar borttagna i arbetskatalogen (samma som --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr "lägg inte till, uppdatera endast indexet"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:369
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr "hoppa bara över filer som inte kan läggas till på grund av fel"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:370
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr "se om - även saknade - filer ignoreras i testkörning"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:392
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till dem.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:393
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "inga filer har lagts till"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades lägga till filer"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A och -u är ömsesidigt inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:456
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "Flaggan --ignore-missing kan endast användas tillsammans med --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Inget angivet, inget tillagt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:487
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "Kanske menade du att skriva \"git add .\"?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:290 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "indexfilen trasig"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
 
@@ -1548,17 +2119,17 @@
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount: förväntade rad: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "patch-fragment utan huvud på rad %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1574,82 +2145,78 @@
 "sökvägskomponenter\n"
 "tas bort (rad %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "ny fil beror på gammalt innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "borttagen fil har fortfarande innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "trasig patch på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "nya filen %s beror på gammalt innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "borttagna filen %s har fortfarande innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** varning: filen %s blir tom men har inte tagits bort"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "trasig binärpatch på rad %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "binärpatchen på rad %d känns inte igen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "patch med bara skräp på rad %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa symboliska länken %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "hoppsan"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "felaktig inledning på rad: \"%c\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rad)."
 msgstr[1] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rader)."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Sammanhang reducerat till (%ld/%ld) för att tillämpa fragment vid %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1658,318 +2225,318 @@
 "vid sökning efter:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "saknar binära patchdata för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "binärpatchen kan inte tillämpas på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr "binärpatchen på \"%s\" ger felaktigt resultat (förväntade %s, fick %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "patch misslyckades: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "kan inte checka ut %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "sökvägen %s har ändrat namn/tagits bort"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s: finns inte i indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s: motsvarar inte indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "patch för borttagning lämnar kvar filinnehåll"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: fel typ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s har typen %o, förväntade %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s: finns redan i indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s: finns redan i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o) för %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: patchen kan inte tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Kontrollerar patchen %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "kan inte ta bort %s från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "trasig patch för underprojektet %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "trasig patch för undermodulen %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta status på nyligen skapade filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "kan inte skapa säkerhetsminne för nyligen skapade filen %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "kan inte lägga till cachepost för %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "stänger filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "kan inte skriva filen \"%s\" läge %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Tillämpade patchen %s rent."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "internt fel"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserad..."
 msgstr[1] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserade..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "trunkerar .rej-filnamnet till %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Stycke %d tillämpades rent."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "Refuserar stycke %d."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "indata känns inte igen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa indexfilen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
-#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "tillämpa inte ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "tillämpa ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "antal"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr "ta bort <antal> inledande snedstreck från traditionella diff-sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "ignorera tillägg gjorda av patchen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut diffstat för indata"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr "visa antal tillagda och borttagna rader decimalt"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut en summering av indata"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, se om patchen kan tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "se till att patchen kan tillämpas på aktuellt index"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "tillämpa en patch utan att röra arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "tillämpa också patchen (använd med --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "försök en trevägssammanslagning om patchen inte kan tillämpas"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr "bygg ett temporärt index baserat på inbyggd indexinformation"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med NUL-tecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "se till att åtminstone <n> rader sammanhang är lika"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "åtgärd"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "detektera nya eller ändrade rader som har fel i blanktecken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "ignorera ändringar i blanktecken för sammanhang"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "tillämpa patchen baklänges"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "förvänta inte minst en rad sammanhang"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "lämna refuserade stycken i motsvarande *.rej-filer"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "tillåt överlappande stycken"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "tolerera felaktigt detekterade saknade nyradstecken vid filslut"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "lite inte på antalet linjer i styckehuvuden"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "rot"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "lägg till <rot> i alla filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached utanför arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna patchen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
 msgstr[1] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -1993,21 +2560,21 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade ACK/NAK, fick EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "fjärrfel: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: protokollfel"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive: förväntade en tömning (flush)"
 
@@ -2023,123 +2590,123 @@
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
 msgstr "uppdatera BISECT_HEAD istället för att checka ut aktuell incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr "git blame [flaggor] [rev-flaggor] [rev] [--] fil"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr "[rev-flaggor] dokumenteras i git-rev-list(1)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
 msgstr "Visa klandringsposter när vi hittar dem, interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa blank SHA-1 för gränsincheckningar (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Behandla inte rotincheckningar som gränser (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr "Visa statistik över arbetskostnad"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
 msgstr "Visa utdatapoäng för klandringsposter"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr "Visa originalfilnamn (Standard: auto)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa ursprungligt radnummer (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr "Visa i ett format avsett för maskinkonsumtion"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
 msgstr "Visa porslinsformat med per-rad-incheckningsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Använd samma utdataläge som git-annotate (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa rå tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa lång inchecknings-SHA1 (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Undertryck författarnamn och tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Visa författarens e-post istället för namn (Standard: av)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr "Slösa extra cykler med att hitta bättre träff"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr "Använd revisioner från <fil> istället för att anropa git-rev-list"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr "Använd <fil>s innehåll som slutgiltig bild"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "score"
 msgstr "poäng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr "Hitta kopierade rader inuti och mellan filer"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr "Hitta flyttade rader inuti och mellan filer"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr "Behandla endast radintervallet n,m, med början på 1"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-l] [-f] <grennamn> [<startpunkt>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] [-r] (-d | -D) <grennamn>..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr "git branch [flaggor] (-m | -M) [<gammal_gren>] <ny_gren>"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -2148,7 +2715,7 @@
 "tar bort grenen \"%s\" som har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", men ännu inte slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -2157,35 +2724,12 @@
 "tar inte bort grenen \"%s\" som inte har slagits ihop med\n"
 "         \"%s\", trots att den har slagits ihop med HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:181
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:187
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "fjärrgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:204
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:211
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:217
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -2194,230 +2738,342 @@
 "Grenen \"%s\" har inte slagits samman i sin helhet.\n"
 "Om du är säker på att du vill ta bort den, kör \"git branch -D %s\"."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "fjärrgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av fjärrgrenen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av grenen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Tog bort fjärrgrenen %s (var %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "Tog bort grenen %s (var %s).\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:240
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:338
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" pekar inte på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:410
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: försvunnen]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:412
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:416
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: före %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:418
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[före %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:421
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: före %d, bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:424
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[före %d, bakom %d] "
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:537
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ogiltig ref ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, ombaserar %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, \"bisect\" startad på %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(frånkopplad från %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(ingen gren)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:602
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" pekar på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "vissa referenser kunde inte läsas"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 "kunde inte byta namn på aktuell gren när du inte befinner dig på någon."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt namn på gren: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:640
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades byta namn på gren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:644
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "Bytte bort namn på en felaktigt namngiven gren \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt till %s, men HEAD har inte uppdaterats!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:655
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Grenen namnbytt, men misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfilen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:670
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:694
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:724
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:726
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr "visa hash och ärenderad, ange två gånger för uppströmsgren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:727
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr "undertryck informationsmeddelanden"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:728
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr "ställ in spårningsläge (se git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:730
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:734
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr "använd färgad utdata"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:735
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "arbeta på fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:738 builtin/branch.c:744 builtin/branch.c:765
-#: builtin/branch.c:771 builtin/commit.c:1362 builtin/commit.c:1363
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/commit.c:1365 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:739 builtin/branch.c:745
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr "visa endast grenar som innehåller incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr "Specifika git-branch-åtgärder:"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:752
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "visa både fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:754
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr "ta bort helt sammanslagen gren"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:755
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr "ta bort gren (även om inte helt sammanslagen)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:756
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren och dess reflogg"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
 msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren, även om målet finns"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr "lista namn på grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:759
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr "skapa grenens reflogg"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr "redigera beskrivning för grenen"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr "tvinga skapande (när den redan finns)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:765
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr "visa endast ej sammanslagna grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:771
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr "visa grenar i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Misslyckades slå upp HEAD som giltig referens"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:793 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD hittades inte under refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column och --verbose är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:864
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "grennamn krävs"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte beskriva frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "kan inte redigera beskrivning för mer än en gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar på grenen \"%s\" ännu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Ingen gren vid namnet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "för många grenar för namnbyte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att byta uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte sätta uppström för HEAD till %s när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "grenen \"%s\" finns inte"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:876
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att ta bort uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte ta bort uppström för HEAD när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" har ingen uppströmsinformation"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:891
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"HEAD\" manuellt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 "flaggorna -a och -r på \"git branch\" kan inte anges tillsammans med ett "
 "grennamn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:894
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
@@ -2426,7 +3082,7 @@
 "Flaggan --set-upstream rekommenderas ej och kommer tas bort. Använd --track "
 "eller --set-upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:911
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2437,12 +3093,12 @@
 "Om du vill göra så att \"%s\" spårar \"%s\" gör du så här:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:912
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:913
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
@@ -2460,43 +3116,43 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att packa upp ett paket (bundle)."
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<typ>|--textconv) <objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <objektlista>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr "<typ> kan vara en av: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr "visa objekttyp"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr "visa objektstorlek"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr "avsluta med noll när det inte uppstått något fel"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr "visa objektets innehåll snyggt"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr "för blob-objekt, kör textconv på objektets innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "visa information och innehåll för objekt som listas på standard in"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "visa information för objekt som listas på standard in"
 
@@ -2516,13 +3172,66 @@
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr "använd .gitattributes endast från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr "läs filnamn från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
-msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
-msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "avsluta in- och utdataposter med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "visa indatasökvägar som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorera index vid kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "kan inte ange sökvägsnamn med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z kan endast användas tillsammans med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "ingen sökväg angavs"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet kan endast användas med ett enkelt sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "kan inte använda både --quiet och --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching är endast giltig med --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [flaggor] <kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "läs även kontakter från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka kontakt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "inga kontakter angavs"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
@@ -2576,111 +3285,106 @@
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr "git checkout [flaggor] [<gren>] -- <fil>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte vår version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte deras version"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte alla nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte nödvändiga versioner"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:193
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "sökväg \"%s\": kan inte slå ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till sammanslagningsresultat för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid uppdatering av sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "indexfilen är trasig"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte slagits ihop"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "du måste lösa ditt befintliga index först"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Kan inte skapa referenslog för \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Återställ gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Redan på \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till och nollställde grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till en ny gren \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Växlade till grenen \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... och %d till.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2703,7 +3407,7 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2718,136 +3422,140 @@
 " git branch nytt_grennamn %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "internt fel vid genomgång av revisioner (revision walk)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Tidigare position för HEAD var"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Du är på en gren som ännu inte är född"
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "endast en referens förväntades, %d gavs."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig referens: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "referensen är inte ett träd: %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:961
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "sökvägar kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964 builtin/checkout.c:968
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972 builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:980
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte växla gren till icke-incheckningen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr "gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr "skapa och checka ut en ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr "skapa/nollställ och checka ut en gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr "skapa reflogg för ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr "sätt uppströmsinformation för ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr "ny gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr "ny gren utan förälder"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checka ut vår version för ej sammanslagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr "checka ut deras version för ej sammanslagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr "tvinga utcheckning (kasta bort lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr "utför en 3-vägssammanslagning för den nya grenen"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1025 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr "uppdatera ignorerade filer (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026 builtin/log.c:1111 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
 msgid "style"
 msgstr "stil"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr "konfliktstil (merge eller diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "begränsa inte sökvägar till endast glesa poster"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 msgstr "förutspå \"git checkout gren-saknas\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
 msgstr "-b, -B och --orphan är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track behöver ett namn på en gren"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Grennamn saknas; försök med -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "felaktig sökvägsangivelse"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1120
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
@@ -2856,12 +3564,12 @@
 "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt.\n"
 "Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en utcheckning?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1129
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
@@ -2869,90 +3577,193 @@
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force och --merge är inkompatibla när\n"
 "du checkar ut från indexet."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr ""
-"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] <sökvägar>..."
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
-msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
-msgstr "tvinga"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-msgid "remove whole directories"
-msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:803
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:199
-msgid "pattern"
-msgstr "mönster"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
-msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
-msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
-msgid "remove ignored files, too"
-msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
-msgid "remove only ignored files"
-msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
-"städa"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] "
+"<sökvägar>..."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
-msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true, men varken -n eller -f angavs; "
-"vägrar städa"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Hoppar över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle hoppa över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en numrerad post\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"           - (tomt) markera ingenting"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en ensam post\n"
+"3-5        - markera ett intervall med poster\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - markera flera intervall\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"-...       - avmarkera specifika poster\n"
+"*          - välj alla poster\n"
+"           - (tomt) avsluta markering"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Vadå (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ange ignoreringsmönster>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "VARNING: Hittar inte poster som motsvarar: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Välj poster att ta bort"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "ta bort %s?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Hej då."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - börja städa\n"
+"filter by pattern   - uteslut poster från borttagning\n"
+"select by numbers   - markera poster som ska tas bort med siffror\n"
+"ask each            - bekräfta varje borttagning (som \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - sluta städa\n"
+"help                - denna skärm\n"
+"?                   - hjälp för kommandoval"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandon ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Vad nu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Skulle ta bort följande post:"
+msgstr[1] "Skulle ta bort följande poster:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Inga fler filer att städa, avslutar."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "tvinga"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "städa interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mönster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -i, -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
+"städa"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true och varken -i, -n eller -f "
+"angavs; vägrar städa"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr "git clone [flaggor] [--] <arkiv> [<kat>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr "tvinga förloppsrapportering"
 
@@ -2964,195 +3775,226 @@
 msgid "create a bare repository"
 msgstr "skapa ett naket (\"bare\") arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:72
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
 msgstr "skapa ett spegelarkiv (implicerar \"bare\")"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:74
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
 msgstr "för att klona från ett lokalt arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:76
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
 msgstr "skapa inte lokala hårda länkar, kopiera alltid"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:78
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
 msgstr "skapa som ett delat arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
 msgstr "initiera undermoduler i klonen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
 msgid "template-directory"
 msgstr "mallkatalog"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:486
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
 msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
 msgstr "katalog att använda mallar från"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:86
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "reference repository"
 msgstr "referensarkiv"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
 msgid "name"
 msgstr "namn"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
 msgstr "använd <namn> istället för \"origin\" för att spåra uppströms"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
 msgstr "checka ut <gren> istället för fjärrens HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:748
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr "djup"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:94
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
 msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
 msgstr "skapa en grund klon på detta djup"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:96
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
 msgstr "klona endast en gren, HEAD eller --branch"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
 msgstr "gitkat"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
 msgstr "separera gitkatalogen från arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:99
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
 msgid "key=value"
 msgstr "nyckel=värde"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:100
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr "ställ in konfiguration i det nya arkivet"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte en lokal katalog."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte ett lokalt arkiv."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s finns och är ingen katalog"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades skapa länken \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades kopiera filen till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "klart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen lyckades, men utcheckningen misslyckades.\n"
+"Du kan inspektera det som checkades ut med \"git status\"\n"
+"och försöka checka ut igen med \"git checkout -f HEAD\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärrgrenen %s för att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Kontrollerar anslutning..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "fjärren sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "HEAD hos fjärren pekar på en obefintlig referens, kan inte checka ut.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "kunde inte checka ut arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "För många argument."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Du måste ange ett arkiv att klona."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --origin %s är inkompatibla."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --separate-git-dir är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "arkivet \"%s\" finns inte"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth ignoreras i lokala kloningar; använd file:// istället"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local ignoreras"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "destinationssökvägen \"%s\" finns redan och är inte en tom katalog."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "arbetsträdet \"%s\" finns redan."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa inledande kataloger för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till ett naket arkiv \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "Klonar till \"%s\"...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Vet inte hur man klonar %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "Fjärrgrenen %s hittades inte i uppströmsarkivet %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Du verkar ha klonat ett tomt arkiv."
 
@@ -3188,15 +4030,15 @@
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command måste vara första argument"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git commit [flaggor] [--] <filmöster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git status [flaggor] [--] <filmönster>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [flaggor] [--] <sökväg>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3221,7 +4063,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3231,109 +4073,127 @@
 "blir den tom. Du kan köra kommandot på nytt med --allow-empty, eller\n"
 "så kan du ta bort incheckningen helt med \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Den tidigare \"cherry-pick\":en är nu tom, kanske på grund av en löst\n"
 "konflikt. Om du vill checka in den ändå använder du:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Annars använder du \"git reset\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:257
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Använd annars \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Om du vill hoppa över incheckningen, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"\"git cherry-pick --continue\" kommer därefter att återuppta\n"
+"cherry-pick för återstående incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "misslyckades packa upp HEAD:s trädobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:299
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:305
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "interaktiv tilläggning misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:338 builtin/commit.c:359 builtin/commit.c:409
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva filen new_index"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:390
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:392
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en cherry-pick."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:402
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:422
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva temporär indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:509 builtin/commit.c:515
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "felaktig incheckning: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:538
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "felformad \"--author\"-flagga"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:558
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktig indragningssträng: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:596 builtin/commit.c:629 builtin/commit.c:952
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp incheckningen %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:608 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(läser loggmeddelande från standard in)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa logg från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:614
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa loggfilen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "incheckningen har ett tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:636
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:640
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:705
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsmall"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:716
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3348,7 +4208,7 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:721
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3363,149 +4223,160 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "och försöker igen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:733
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter "
+"incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
-"med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
 "Ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:751
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sFörfattare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sIncheckare: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:778
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "Kan inte läsa indexet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:815
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Fel vid byggande av träd"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr "Ange meddelandet en av flaggorna -m eller -F.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:927
+#: builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "Hittade ingen befintlig författare med \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:942 builtin/commit.c:1142
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "Ogiltigt läge för ospårade filer: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:982
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte använda både --reset-author och --author"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:993
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Du har inget att utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:996
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning -- kan inte utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "Du är i mitten av en cherry-pick -- kan inte utöka."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1001
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Flaggorna --squash och --fixup kan inte användas samtidigt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Endast en av -c/-C/-F/--fixup kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Flaggan -m kan inte kombineras med -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1021
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr "--reset-author kan endast användas med -C, -c eller --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1038
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 "Endast en av --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kan användas."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Du måste ange sökvägar tillsammans med --include/--only."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "Smart... utöka den senaste med smutsigt index."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "Explicita sökvägar angavs utan -i eller -o; antar --only sökvägar..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1054 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Felaktigt städningsläge %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med -a."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
 msgid "show status concisely"
-msgstr "vis koncis status"
+msgstr "visa koncis status"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1386
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr "visa information om gren"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1160 builtin/commit.c:1388 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr "maskinläsbar utdata"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1163 builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "visa status i långt format (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr "terminera poster med NUL"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1165 builtin/commit.c:1393 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr "läge"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr "visa ospårade filer, valfria lägen: alla, normal, no. (Standard: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr "visa ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1170 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "när"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1171
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
@@ -3513,217 +4384,217 @@
 "ignorera ändringar i undermoduler, valfritt när: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1173
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr "visa ospårade filer i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1242
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte slå upp en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1244
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka en precis skapad incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1285
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "frånkopplad HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1287
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (rotincheckning)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1354
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr "undertryck sammanfattning efter framgångsrik incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr "visa diff i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1357
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningsmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1358 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr "läs meddelande från fil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "author"
 msgstr "författare"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr "överstyr författare för incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
 msgid "date"
 msgstr "datum"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr "överstyr datum för inchecknignen"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr "meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1362
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr "återanvänd och redigera meddelande från angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr "återanvänd meddelande från angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att fixa angiven incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att slå ihop med angiven "
 "incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+#: builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr "jag är nu författare av incheckningen (används med -C/-c/--amend)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/log.c:1068 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr "lägg till Signed-off-by:"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr "använd angiven mallfil"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr "tvinga redigering av incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
 msgid "default"
 msgstr "standard"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr "hur blanksteg och #kommentarer skall tas bort från meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr "inkludera status i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr "nyckel-id"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr "GPG-signera incheckning"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningens innehåll"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr "checka in alla ändrade filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr "lägg till angivna filer till indexet för incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr "lägg till filer interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr "lägg till ändringar interaktivt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr "checka endast in angivna filer"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr "förbigå pre-commit-krok"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr "visa vad som skulle checkas in"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr "lägg till föregående incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr "förbigå post-rewrite-krok"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr "ok att registrera en tom ändring"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr "ok att registrera en ändring med tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1432
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "kunde inte tolka HEAD:s incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Trasig MERGE_HEAD-fil (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1503
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelande: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter incheckning; meddelandet inte redigerat.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1522
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "Avbryter på grund av tomt incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1537 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1558
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte låsa HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1562
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1573
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3734,175 +4605,191 @@
 "att kvoten inte har överskridits, och kör sedan\n"
 "\"git reset HEAD\" för att återställa."
 
-#: builtin/config.c:7
+#: builtin/config.c:8
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr "git config [flaggor]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr "Konfigurationsfilens plats"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr "använd global konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr "använd systemets konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:57
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr "använd arkivets konfigurationsfil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr "använd angiven konfigurationsil"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "läs konfiguration från givet blob-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Åtgärd"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:58
+#: builtin/config.c:61
 msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta värde: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:59
+#: builtin/config.c:62
 msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta alla värden: nyckel [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:60
+#: builtin/config.c:63
 msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr "hämta värden för reguttr: namn-reguttr [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:61
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "hämta värde specifikt URL:en: sektion[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
 msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr "ersätt alla motsvarande variabler: namn värde [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:62
+#: builtin/config.c:66
 msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr "lägg till en ny variabel: namn värde"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:63
+#: builtin/config.c:67
 msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "ta bort en variabel: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:64
+#: builtin/config.c:68
 msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "ta bort alla träffar: namn [värde-reguttr]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:65
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr "byt namn på sektion: gammalt-namn nytt-namn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:66
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr "ta bort en sektion: namn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:67
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "list all"
 msgstr "visa alla"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr "öppna textredigeringsprogram"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69 builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr "plats"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr "hitta den inställda färgen: [default]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr "hitta färginställningen: [stdout-is-tty]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr "Typ"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr "värdet är \"true\" eller \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr "värdet är ett decimalt tal"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr "värdet är --bool eller --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr "värdet är en sökväg (fil- eller katalognamn)"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:80
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr "Andra"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:81
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr "terminera värden med NUL-byte"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:78
+#: builtin/config.c:82
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr "respektera inkluderingsdirektiv vid uppslag"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr "git describe [flaggor] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s inte tillgänglig"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s har inget inbäddat namn"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" är i verkligheten \"%s\" här"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s är inte ett giltigt \"%s\"-objekt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "ingen tagg motsvarar \"%s\" exakt"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "söker för att beskriva %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "avslutade sökning på %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -3911,7 +4798,7 @@
 "Inga annoterade taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Det finns dock oannoterade taggar: testa --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -3920,12 +4807,12 @@
 "Inga taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
 "Testa --always, eller skapa några taggar."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "traverserade %lu incheckningar\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -3934,92 +4821,91 @@
 "mer än %i taggar hittades; listar de %i senaste\n"
 "gav upp sökningen vid %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr "hitta taggen som kommer efter incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr "felsök sökstrategin på standard fel"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "använd alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "använd alla taggar, även oannoterade"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr "använd alltid långt format"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "följ endast första föräldern"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr "skriv endast ut exakta träffar"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
 msgstr "överväg de <n> nyaste taggarna (standard: 10)"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "överväg endast taggar som motsvarar <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
 msgstr "visa förkortade incheckningsobjekt som standard"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr "märke"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr "lägg till <märke> på lortigt arbetsträd (standard: \"-dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long är inkompatibel med --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"committish\"-värden"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"commit-ish\"-värden"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "\"%s\": inte en normal fil eller symbolisk länk"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "ogiltig flagga: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Inte ett git-arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "objektet \"%s\" som angavs är felaktigt."
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
-
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr "mer än två blobbar angavs: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
@@ -4028,39 +4914,39 @@
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-flaggor]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr "visa förlopp efter <n> objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr "välj hantering av signerade taggar"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr "välj hantering av taggar som har taggfiltrerade objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr "Dump märken till filen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr "Importera märken från filen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr "Fejka taggare när taggen saknar en"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr "Skriv ut hela trädet för varje incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr "Använd done-funktionen för att avsluta strömmen"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr "Hoppa över skrivning av blob-data"
 
@@ -4080,140 +4966,144 @@
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
 msgstr "git fetch --all [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
 msgstr "hämta från alla fjärrar"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
 msgstr "lägg till i .git/FETCH_HEAD istället för att skriva över"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
 msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
 msgstr "sökväg till upload pack på fjärren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
 msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av lokal gren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
 msgstr "hämta från flera fjärrar"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
 msgstr "hämta alla taggar och associerade objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
 msgstr "hämta inte alla taggar (--no-tags)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
 msgstr "rensa fjärrspårande grenar ej längre på fjärren"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
 msgid "on-demand"
 msgstr "on-demand"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
 msgstr "styr rekursiv hämtning av undermoduler"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
 msgstr "behåll hämtade paket"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
 msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
 msgstr "tillåt uppdatering av HEAD-referens"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr "fördjupa historik för grund klon"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertera till komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr "kat"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr "lägg till i början av undermodulens sökvägsutdata"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr "standardläge för rekursion"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärr-referensen HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "objektet %s hittades inte"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[àjour]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kan inte hämta i aktuell gren)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[refuserad]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[uppdaterad tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[ny tagg]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[ny gren]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ny ref]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "tvingad uppdatering"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(ej snabbspolad)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Från %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -4222,55 +5112,55 @@
 "vissa lokala referenser kunde inte uppdateras; testa att köra\n"
 " \"git remote prune %s\" för att ta bort gamla grenar som står i konflikt"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[borttagen]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(ingen)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "Vägrar hämta till aktuell gren %s i ett icke-naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" och värdet \"%s\" är inte giltigt för %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" ignoreras för %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "Hämtar %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -4278,24 +5168,32 @@
 "Inget fjärrarkiv angavs. Ange antingen en URL eller namnet på ett\n"
 "fjärrarkiv som nya incheckningar skall hämtas från."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Du måste ange namnet på en tagg."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth och --unshallow kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow kan inte användas på ett komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all tar inte namnet på ett arkiv som argument"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "fetch --all kan inte anges med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "Fjärren eller fjärrgruppen finns inte: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta från grupp och ange referensspecifikationer"
 
@@ -4304,143 +5202,147 @@
 msgstr ""
 "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <meddelande>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <fil>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:787
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:192
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
 msgstr "fyll i loggen med som mest <n> poster från shortlog"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr "alias för --log (avråds)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr "text"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr "inled meddelande med <text>"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr "fil att läsa från"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
 msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
 msgstr "git for-each-ref [flaggor] [<mönster>]"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
 msgstr "citera platshållare passande för skal"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
 msgstr "citera platshållare passande för perl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
 msgstr "citera platshållare passande för python"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
 msgstr "citera platshållare passande för tcl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
 msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
 msgstr "visa endast <n> träffade refs"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format"
 msgstr "format"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format to use for the output"
 msgstr "format att använda för utdata"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
 msgid "key"
 msgstr "nyckel"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
 msgid "field name to sort on"
 msgstr "fältnamn att sortera på"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
 msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git fsck [flaggor] [<objekt>...]"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
 msgid "show unreachable objects"
 msgstr "visa onåbara objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
 msgid "show dangling objects"
 msgstr "visa dinglande objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
 msgid "report tags"
 msgstr "rapportera taggar"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
 msgid "report root nodes"
 msgstr "rapportera rotnoder"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
 msgid "make index objects head nodes"
 msgstr "gör indexojekt till huvudnoder"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
 msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
 msgstr "gör refloggar till huvudnoder (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
 msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
 msgstr "ta även hänsyn till paket och alternativa objekt"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
 msgid "enable more strict checking"
 msgstr "aktivera striktare kontroll"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
 msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
 msgstr "skriv dinglande objekt i .git/lost-found"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
 msgid "show progress"
 msgstr "visa förlopp"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:22
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
 msgid "git gc [options]"
 msgstr "git gc [flaggor]"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
 msgstr "Felaktigt %s: \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "tokigt lång objektkatalog %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:179
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
 msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
 msgstr "rensa ej refererade objekt"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:181
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
 msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
 msgstr "var mer grundlig (ökar körtiden)"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:182
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
 msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
 msgstr "aktivera auto-gc-läge"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:222
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "tvinga gc-körning även om en annan gc kanske körs"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -4449,241 +5351,249 @@
 "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda. Du kan även\n"
 "köra \"git gc\" manuellt. Se \"git help gc\" för mer information.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:249
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc körs redan på maskinen \"%s\" pid %<PRIuMAX> (använd --force om så inte "
+"är fallet)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
 "Det finns för många onåbara lösa objekt; kör \"git prune\" för att ta bort "
 "dem."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:22
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
 msgstr "git grep [flaggor] [-e] <mönster> [<rev>...] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:217
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: misslyckades skapa tråd. %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:455
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte byta katalog (chdir): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:531 builtin/grep.c:565
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa träd (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:579
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte \"grep\" från objekt av typen %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:637
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"%c\" antar ett numeriskt värde"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:729
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr "sök i indexet istället för i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:731
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr "sök i innehål som inte hanteras av git"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:733
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "sök i både spårade och ospårade filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:735
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr "sök även i ignorerade filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:738
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
-msgstr "vis rader som inte träffas"
+msgstr "visa rader som inte träffas"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr "skiftlägesokänslig sökning"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:742
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr "matcha endast mönster vid ordgränser"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr "hantera binärfiler som text"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:746
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr "träffa inte mönster i binärfiler"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:749
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler med textconv-filter"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr "gå som mest ned <djup> nivåer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:753
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr "använd utökade POSIX-reguljära uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:756
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr "använd grundläggande POSIX-reguljära uttryck (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:759
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr "tolka mönster som fixerade strängar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:762
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr "använd Perlkompatibla reguljära uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:765
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr "visa radnummer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:766
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr "visa inte filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:767
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr "visa filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:769
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr "visa filnamn relativa till toppkatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:771
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "visa endast filnamn istället för träffade rader"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:773
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr "synonym för --files-with-matches"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:776
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr "visa endast namn på filer utan träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:778
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr "skriv NUL efter filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:780
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "visa antal träffar istället för träffade rader"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:781
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr "ljusmarkera träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:783
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr "skriv tomma rader mellan träffar från olika filer"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:785
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr "visa filnamn endast en gång ovanför träffar från samma fil"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:788
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före och efter träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:791
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:793
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang efter träffar"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:794
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr "genväg för -C NUM"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:797
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr "visa en rad med funktionsnamnet före träffen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:799
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr "visa den omkringliggande funktionen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:802
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr "läs mönster från fil"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:804
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr "träffa <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:806
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr "kombinera mönster som anges med -e"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:818
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr "ange träff med slutstatuskod utan utdata"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:820
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr "visa endast träffar från filer som träffar alla mönster"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
 msgstr "visa analysträd för grep-uttryck"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr "bläddrare"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr "visa träffade filer i filbläddraren"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:829
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr "tillåt anropa grep(1) (ignoreras av detta bygge)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:830 builtin/show-ref.c:201
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr "visa användning"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:921
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "inget mönster angavs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:935
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:976
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager fungerar endast i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:999
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached och --untracked kan inte användas med --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1004
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr "--no-index och --untracked kan inte användas med revisioner."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1007
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard kan inte användas för spårat innehåll."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1015
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "både --cached och träd angavs."
 
@@ -4723,50 +5633,54 @@
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr "hantera filen som om den kom från sökvägen"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr "visa alla tillgängliga kommandon"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "lista användbara vägledningar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr "visa manualsida"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr "visa manual i webbläsare"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr "visa info-sida"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [kommando]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [kommando]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "okänt hjälpformat: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Misslyckades starta emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Kunde inte tolka emacsclient-version."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
 msgstr "emacsclient version \"%d\" för gammal (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "exec misslyckades för \"%s\": %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4775,7 +5689,7 @@
 "\"%s\": sökväg för man-visare som ej stöds.\n"
 "Använd \"man.<verktyg>.cmd\" istället."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4784,307 +5698,335 @@
 "\"%s\": kommando för man-visare som stöds.\n"
 "Använd \"man.<verktyg>.path\" istället."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "\"%s\": okänd man-visare."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "ingen man-visare hanterade förfrågan"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "ingen info-visare hanterade förfrågan"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definierar attribut per sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "En Git-ordlista"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Ange avsiktligen ospårade filer att ignorera"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Ange egenskaper för undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Ange versioner och intervall i Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Introduktion till Git (för version 1.5.1 och senare)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Översikt över rekommenderade arbetsflöden med Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "De vanliga Git-vägledningarna är:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "användning: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "\"git %s\" är ett alias för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "objekttyp stämmer inte överens vid %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "objekt av oväntad typ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
 msgstr[1] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "tidigt filslut"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "indataläsfel"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "använde fler byte än tillgängligt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "paket för stort för nuvarande definition av off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte öppna paketfilen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "paketsignatur stämmer inte överens"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr "paketversion %<PRIu32> stöds ej"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "paketet har felaktigt objekt vid index %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "inflate returnerade %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "indexvärdespill för deltabasobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "deltabasindex utanför gränsen"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "okänd objekttyp %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "kan inte utföra \"pread\" på paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
 msgstr[1] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "allvarlig inflate-inkonsekvens"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SHA1-KOLLISION UPPTÄCKT VID %s !"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa befintligt objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "ogiltigt blob-objekt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "ogiltigt %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Fel i objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Inte alla barnobjekt för %s kan nås"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "misslyckades tillämpa delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Tar emot objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Skapar index för objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "paketet är trasigt (SHA1 stämmer inte)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "kan inte utföra \"fstat\" på paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "paket har skräp i slutet"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett i parse_pack_objects()"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Analyserar delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa tråd: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr "slutfördes med %d lokala objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr "Oväntad svanschecksumma för %s (trasig disk?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "paketet har %d oanalyserat delta"
 msgstr[1] "paketet har %d oanalyserade delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
 msgstr "kunde inte utföra \"deflate\" på tillagt objekt (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "lokalt objekt %s är trasigt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "fel vid stängning av paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta skriva \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "akn inte stänga skriven \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "kan inte spara paketfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "kan inte spara indexfil"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr "felaktig pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr "trådstöd saknas, ignorerar %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paketfil \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintligt paket-idx-fil för \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
 msgstr[1] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
 msgstr[1] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Kan inte gå tillbaka till arbetskatalogen (cwd)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "felaktig %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin kan inte användas med --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "paketfilnamnet \"%s\" slutar inte med \".pack\""
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "--verify angavs utan paketfilnamn"
 
@@ -5173,11 +6115,6 @@
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "kan inte flytta %s till %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:363
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Kunde inte skapa gitlänk %s"
-
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
@@ -5220,7 +6157,7 @@
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr "ange att git-arkivet skall delas bland flera användare"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr "var tyst"
 
@@ -5252,373 +6189,389 @@
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "Kan inte komma åt arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<sedan>..<till>] [[--] <sökväg>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
 msgstr "     eller: git show [flaggor] <objekt>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr "undertryck diff-utdata"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:126
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr "visa källkod"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Använd e-postmappningsfil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr "dekoreringsflaggor"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:231
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Slututdata: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:589
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Okänd typ: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers utan värde"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:771
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "namnet på utdatakatalogen är för långt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Kan inte öppna patchfilen %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:801
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Behöver precis ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:809
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Inte ett intervall."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:911
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "Omslagsbrevet behöver e-postformat"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "tokigt in-reply-to: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:890
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr "git format-patch [flaggor] [<sedan> | <revisionsintervall>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Två utdatakataloger?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1063
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr "använd [PATCH n/m] även för en ensam patch"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1066
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr "använd [PATCH] även för flera patchar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1070
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr "skriv patcharna på stnadard ut"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1072
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr "generera ett följebrev"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1074
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr "använd enkel nummersekvens för utdatafilnamn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr "sfx"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1076
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
 msgstr "använd <sfx> istället för \".patch\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1078
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr "börja numrera patchar på <n> istället för 1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "markera serien som N:te försök"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr "Använd [<prefix>] istället för [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr "spara filerna i <katalog>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1086
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr "ta inte bort eller lägg till [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1089
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr "skriv inte binära diffar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr "ta inte med patchar som motsvarar en uppströmsincheckning"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1093
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr "visa patchformat istället för standard (patch + stat)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1095
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr "E-post"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
 msgid "header"
 msgstr "huvud"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1097
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr "lägg till e-posthuvud"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098 builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "email"
 msgstr "epost"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr "Lägg till mottagarhuvud (\"To:\")"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr "Lägg till kopiehuvud (\"Cc:\")"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "sätt Från-adress till <ident> (eller incheckare om ident saknas)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr "meddelande-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr "Gör det första brevet ett svar till <meddelande-id>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1104 builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr "gräns"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr "bifoga patchen"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr "gör patchen ett inline-objekt"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
 msgstr "aktivera brevtrådning, typer: shallow, deep"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1114
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr "signatur"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1115
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr "lägg till signatur"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr "visa inte filnamn för patchar"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig ident-rad: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-only"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1214
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --name-status"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "kan inte använda --check"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "standard ut, eller katalog, vilken skall det vara?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Misslyckades skapa utdatafiler"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1443
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<uppström> [<huvud> [<gräns>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta en spårad fjärrgren, ange <uppström> manuellt.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:408
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-files [flaggor] [<fil>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr "identifiera filstatus med taggar"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr "använd små bokstäver för \"anta oförändrade\"-filer"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr "visa cachade filer i utdata (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr "visa borttagna filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr "visa modifierade filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr "visa andra filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr "visa ignorerade filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr "visa köat innehålls objektnamn i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr "visa filer i filsystemet som behöver tas bort"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
 msgstr "visa endast namn för \"andra\" kataloger"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr "visa inte tomma kataloger"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr "visa ej sammanslagna filer i utdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr "visa \"resolve-undo\"-information"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr "hoppa över filer som motsvarar mönster"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr "exkludera mönster som läses från <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr "läs ytterligare per-katalog-exkluderingsmönster från <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr "lägg till git:s standardexkluderingar"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr "gör utdata relativ till projektets toppkatalog"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr "om en <fil> inte är indexet, betrakta det som ett fel"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr "träd-igt"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr "låtsas att sökvägar borttagna sedan <träd-igt> fortfarande finns"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr "visa felsökningsutdata"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-tree [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
 msgid "only show trees"
 msgstr "visa endast träd"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
 msgstr "rekursera ner i underträd"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
 msgstr "visa träd medan rekursering"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
 msgstr "terminera poster med NUL-byte"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
 msgid "include object size"
 msgstr "inkludera objektstorlek"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
 msgid "list only filenames"
 msgstr "visa endast filnamn"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
 msgid "use full path names"
 msgstr "använd fullständiga sökvägsnamn"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
 msgstr "visa hela trädet; inte bara aktuell katalog (implicerar --full-name)"
 
@@ -5634,231 +6587,227 @@
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "flaggan \"m\" behöver ett värde"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta sammanslagningsstrategin \"%s\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Tillgängliga strategier är:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Tillgängliga skräddarsydda strategier är:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "visa inte en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "visa en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr "(synonym till --stat)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr ""
 "lägg till (som mest <n>) poster från shortlog till incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr "skapa en ensam incheckning istället för en sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr "utför en incheckning om sammanslagningen lyckades (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr "redigera meddelande innan incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr "avbryt om snabbspolning inte är möjlig"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr "strategi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi att använda"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr "alternativ=värde"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr "alternativ för vald sammanslagningsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande för (icke snabbspolande) sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr "avbryt den pågående sammanslagningen"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "kunde köra stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "inte ett giltigt objekt: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (inget att platta till)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Tillplattningsincheckning -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Skriver SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Avslutar SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Inget sammanslagningsmeddelande -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" verkar inte peka på en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Felaktig branch.%s.mergeoptions-sträng: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree misslyckades skriva ett träd"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "misslyckads läsa cachen"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Hanterar inte något annat än en sammanslagning av två huvuden."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Felaktig flagga för merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Checkar inte in sammanslagningen; använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra "
 "den.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för att förklara varför sammanslagningen\n"
 "är nödvändig, speciellt om den slår in en uppdaterad uppström i en\n"
 "temagren.\n"
 "\n"
-"Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
 "avbryter incheckningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Tomt incheckningsmeddelande."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Underbart.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Kunde inte slå ihop automatiskt; fixa konflikter och checka in resultatet.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en incheckning"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "Inte på någon gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen fjärr för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Ingen fjärrspårande gren för %s från %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "Det finns ingen sammanslagning att avbryta (MERGE_HEAD saknas)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5866,11 +6815,11 @@
 "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5878,79 +6827,103 @@
 "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns).\n"
 "Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --squash med --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "Ingen incheckning angiven och merge.defaultToUpstream är ej satt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan endast slå ihop en enda incheckning i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Stöder inte en tillplattningsincheckning på ett tomt huvud ännu"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "Icke-snabbspolad incheckning kan inte användas med ett tomt huvud"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en obetrodd GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en felaktig GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte någon GPG-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s har en korrekt GPG-signatur av %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterar %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker riktigt enkel sammanslagning i indexet...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Nej.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Kan inte snabbspola, avbryter."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Återspolar trädet till orört...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Försöker sammanslagninsstrategin %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Ingen sammanslagningsstrategi hanterade sammanslagningen.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Sammanslagning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Använder %s för att förbereda lösning för hand.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6043,121 +7016,135 @@
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
 msgstr "tillåt skapa mer än ett träd"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:14
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
 msgstr "git mv [flaggor] <källa>... <mål>"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:64
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
 msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
 msgstr "tvinga flytta/ändra namn även om målet finns"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:65
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
 msgid "skip move/rename errors"
 msgstr "hoppa över fel vid flytt/namnändring"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
 msgstr "Kontrollerar namnbyte av \"%s\" till \"%s\"\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr "felaktig källa"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog till sig själv"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog över fil"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Vad? Katalogen %s är i indexet och inte en undermodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Köa dina ändringar i .gitmodules eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
 msgstr "Vad? %.*s är i indexet?"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr "källkatalogen är tom"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr "inte versionshanterad"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr "destinationen finns"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr "skriver över \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr "Kan inte skriva över"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr "flera källor för samma mål"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr "%s, källa=%s, mål=%s"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "misslyckades byta namn på \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] <incheckning>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr "git name-rev [flaggor] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr "skriv endast namn (ingen SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr "använd endast taggar för att namnge incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "använd endast referenser som motsvarar <mönster>"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr "lista alla incheckningar som kan nås alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr "läs från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
-msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
-msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn"
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn (standard)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar i indata (används internt)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] [list [<objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6165,12 +7152,12 @@
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] add [-f] [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -"
 "C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] copy [-f] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6178,226 +7165,200 @@
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] append [-m <medd> | -F <fil> | (-c | -C) "
 "<objekt>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] edit [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] show [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategi> ] "
 "<anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] remove [<objekt>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [list [<objekt>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes add [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes copy [<flaggor>] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<från-objekt> <till-objekt>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes append [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes edit [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes show [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "git notes merge [<flaggor>] <anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes remove [<objekt>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes prune [<flaggor>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte starta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa utdata från \"show\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte avsluta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte skapa filen \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "Ange innehåll för anteckningen med antingen -m eller -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Tar bort anteckning för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Anteckningens innehåll har lämnats kvar i %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig referens."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "Felaktig indatarad: \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades kopiera anteckningar från \"%s\" till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "Inga anteckningar hittades för objektet %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll som sträng"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll i en fil"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr "objekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr "återanvänd och redigera angivet anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr "återanvänd angivet anteckningsobjekt"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr "ersätt befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6406,24 +7367,24 @@
 "Kan inte lägga till anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för "
 "objektet %s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Skriver över befintliga anteckningar för objektet %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr "läs objekt från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr "läs omskrivningsinställning för <kommando> (implicerar --stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "för få parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
@@ -6432,12 +7393,12 @@
 "Kan inte kopiera anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för objektet "
 "%s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Anteckningar på källobjektet %s saknas. Kan inte kopiera."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -6446,15 +7407,15 @@
 "Flaggorna -m/-F/-c/-C rekommenderas inte för underkommandot \"edit\".\n"
 "Använd \"git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C\" istället.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr "Flaggor för sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
@@ -6462,46 +7423,46 @@
 "läs konflikter i anteckningar med angiven strategi (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr "Checkar in ej sammanslagna anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 "färdigställ sammanslagning av anteckningar genom att checka in ej "
 "sammanslagna anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr "Avbryt lösning av sammanslagning av anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr "avbryt sammanslagning av anteckningar"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Objektet %s har ingen anteckning\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr "försök att ta bort icke-existerande anteckningar är inte ett fel"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr "läs objektnamn från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr "anteckningar-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "använd anteckningar från <anteckningsref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Okänt underkommando: %s"
@@ -6514,7 +7475,7 @@
 msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
 msgstr "git pack-objects [flaggor...] basnamn [< reflista | < objektlista]"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr "fel i deflate (%d)"
@@ -6635,7 +7596,7 @@
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
 msgstr "behåll onåbara objekt"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:141
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
 msgid "time"
 msgstr "tid"
 
@@ -6695,15 +7656,15 @@
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
 msgstr "git push [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:45
+#: builtin/push.c:47
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "taggförkortning utan <tagg>"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:64
+#: builtin/push.c:66
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr "--delete godtar endast enkla målreferensnamn"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:101
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
@@ -6712,7 +7673,7 @@
 "För att välja ett av alternativen permanent, se push.default i \"git help "
 "config\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:104
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
@@ -6737,7 +7698,7 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:119
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6752,7 +7713,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<namn-på-fjärrgren>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:133
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6765,12 +7726,12 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s har flera uppströmsgrenar, vägrar sända."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6781,7 +7742,7 @@
 "aktuella grenen \"%s\", utan att tala om för mig vad som\n"
 "skall sändas för att uppdatera fjärrgrenen."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:167
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6815,26 +7776,26 @@
 "liknande läget \"current\" istället för \"simple\" om du ibland använder\n"
 "äldre versioner av Git.)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:227
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Du angav inga referensspecifikationer att sända, och push.default är "
 "\"nothing\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:234
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på din befintliga gren är bakom\n"
-"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Slå ihop fjärrändringarna (t.ex. \"git pull\")\n"
-"innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex\n"
+"\"git pull ....\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:240
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6848,34 +7809,63 @@
 "endast\n"
 "sända aktuell gren."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:246
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en gren som sänds in är bakom dess\n"
-"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och slå ihop fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
-"\"git pull\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
+"\"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
 "Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då fjärren innehåller ändringar som du inte\n"
+"har lokalt. Det beror oftast på att ett annat arkiv har sänt in samma\n"
+"referenser. Det kan vara en idé att först integrera fjärrändringarna\n"
+"(t.ex. \"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forwards\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Uppdateringarna avvisades eftersom taggen redan finns på fjärren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte uppdatera en fjärr-referens som pekar på ett objekt som\n"
+"inte är en incheckning, eller uppdatera en fjärr-referens så att den\n"
+"pekar på något som inte är en incheckning, utan att använda flaggan\n"
+"\"--force\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Sänder till %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "misslyckades sända vissa referenser till \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "felaktigt arkiv \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:366
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -6896,79 +7886,95 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <namn>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:381
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:382
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--all kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:387
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror och --tags är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:388
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr "--mirror kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:393
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all och --mirror är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr "arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr "sänd alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "mirror all refs"
 msgstr "spegla alla referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr "ta bort referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:458
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr "sänd taggar (kan inte användas med --all eller --mirror)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:461
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "tvinga uppdateringar"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "refnamn>:<förvänta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "kräv att ref:s tidigare värde är detta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
 msgid "check"
 msgstr "kontrollera"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:467
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr "styr rekursiv insändning av undermoduler"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:469
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr "använd tunna paket"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr "program för att ta emot paket"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:472
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr "ställ in uppström för git pull/status"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:475
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr "ta bort lokalt borttagna referenser"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-push-krok"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "sänd in saknade men relevanta taggar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete är imkompatibel med --all, --mirror och --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:490
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete kan inte användas utan referenser"
 
@@ -6982,70 +7988,80 @@
 "[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
 "index-output=<fil>] (--empty | <träd-igt1> [<träd-igt2> [<träd-igt3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr "skriv resulterande index till <fil>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr "töm bara indexet"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr "Sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr "utför en sammanslagning i tillägg till en läsning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning om sammanslagning på filnivå ej krävs"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
 msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning när det finns tillägg och borttagningar"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr "som -m, men kasta bort ej sammanslagna poster"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "<underkatalog>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "läs in trädet i indexet under <underkatalog>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr "uppdatera arbetskatalogen med resultatet från sammanslagningen"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr "tillåt explicit ignorerade filer att skrivas över"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr "kontrollera inte arbetskatalogen efter sammanslagning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr "uppdatera inte indexet eller arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr "hoppa över att applicera filter för gles utcheckning"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
 msgstr "felsök unpack-trees"
 
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" för \"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
@@ -7067,8 +8083,8 @@
 msgstr "git remote remove <namn>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:15
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
-msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>)"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
@@ -7105,8 +8121,8 @@
 msgstr "git remote add [<flaggor>] <namn> <url>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:42
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
-msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
 msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
@@ -7544,6 +8560,67 @@
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
 msgstr "var pratsam; måste skrivas före ett underkommando"
 
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr "git repack [flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "packa allt i ett enda paket"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "samma som -a, och gör onåbara objekt lösa"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "ta bort överflödiga paket, och kör git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-delta till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-object till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "kör inte git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --local till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "cirkadatum"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "med -A, lös inte upp objekt äldre än detta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "storlek på fönster använt för deltakomprimering"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "samma som ovan, men begränsa minnesstorleken istället för postantal"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "begränsa maximalt deltadjup"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
 #: builtin/replace.c:17
 msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
 msgstr "git replace [-f] <objekt> <ersättning>"
@@ -7556,23 +8633,23 @@
 msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
 msgstr "git replace -l [<mönster>]"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:118
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
 msgid "list replace refs"
 msgstr "visa ersättningsreferenser"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:119
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
 msgid "delete replace refs"
 msgstr "ta bort ersättningsreferenser"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:120
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
 msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
 msgstr "ersätt referensen om den finns"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
 msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
 msgstr "registrera rena lösningar i indexet"
 
@@ -7583,12 +8660,12 @@
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<incheckning>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git reset [-q] <incheckning> [--] <sökvägar>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <träd-igt> [--] <sökvägar>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr "git reset --patch [<incheckning>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<träd-igt>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7610,103 +8687,109 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "behåll"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Du har inte en giltig HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD är nu på %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en %s återställning mitt i en sammanslagning."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr "var tyst, rapportera endast fel"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD och index"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr "återställ endast HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD, index och arbetskatalog"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr "återställ HEAD men behåll lokala ändringar"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig revision."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som ett giltigt träd."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 "--mixed rekommenderas inte med sökvägar; använd \"git reset -- <sökvägar>\"."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Kan inte göra %s återställning med sökvägar."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s återställning tillåts inte i ett naket arkiv"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "Kunde inte återställa indexfilen till versionen \"%s\"."
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<argument>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
 msgstr "behåll \"--\" sänt som argument"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr "sluta tolka efter första argument som inte är flagga"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7722,182 +8805,216 @@
 "varianten."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git revert [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git revert <underkommando>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git cherry-pick [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git cherry-pick <underkommando>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s kan inte användas med %s"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "avsluta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "återuppta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "avbryt revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr "checka inte in automatiskt"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr "redigera incheckningsmeddelandet"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr "nummer på förälder"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr "sammanslagninsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
 msgid "option"
 msgstr "alternativ"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr "alternativ för sammanslagningsstrategi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr "lägg till incheckningsnamn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr "behåll incheckningar som börjar som tomma"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr "tillåt incheckningar med tomt meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr "behåll redundanta, tomma incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "programfel"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "\"revert\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" misslyckades"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:14
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr "git rm [flaggor] [--] <fil>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande undermodul (eller en av dess nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande undermoduler (eller en av deras nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande fil har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande filer har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har köat ändringar som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD\n"
+"\n"
 "(använd -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
+"\n"
 "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"\"%s\" har lokala ändringar\n"
-"(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har lokala ändringar:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har lokala ändringar:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:134
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr "lista inte borttagna filer"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:135
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr "ta bara bort från indexet"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:136
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr "överstyr àjour-testet"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:137
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr "tillåt rekursiv borttagning"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:139
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr "avsluta med nollstatus även om inget träffades"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "tar inte bort \"%s\" rekursivt utan -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: kan inte ta bort %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr ""
-"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Författare saknas: %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr "sortera utdata enligt antal incheckningar per författare"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr "Undertryck beskrivningar, visa bara antal incheckningar"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr "Visa e-postadress för varje författare"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr "Radbryt utdata"
 
@@ -7917,47 +9034,47 @@
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<bas>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "visa fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "visa fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
 msgstr "färga \"*!+-\" enligt grenen"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr "visa <n> ytterligare incheckningar efter gemensam anfader"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr "synonym till more=-1"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr "undertyck namnsträngar"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr "inkludera aktuell gren"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr "namnge incheckningar med deras objektnamn"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr "visa möjliga sammanslaningsbaser"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr "visa referenser som inte kan nås från någon annan referens"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr "visa incheckningar i topologisk ordning"
 
@@ -7970,14 +9087,14 @@
 msgstr "visa sammanslagningar som endast kan nås från en spets"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sortera topologiskt, behåll datumordning när möjligt"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr "<n>[,<bas>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
 msgstr "visa <n> nyaste refloggposter med början på bas"
 
@@ -7993,35 +9110,35 @@
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mönster] < reflista"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar (kan kombineras med huvuden)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr "visa endast huvuden (kan kombineras med taggar)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr "striktare referenskontroll, kräver exakt referenssökväg"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:187 builtin/show-ref.c:189
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "visa HEAD-refrens, även när den skulle filtreras ut"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:191
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr "avreferera taggar till objekt-id"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:193
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr "visa SHA1-hash endast med <n> siffror"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:197
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr "visa inte resultat på standard ut (användbart med --verify)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr "visa referenser från standard in som inte finns i lokalt arkiv"
 
@@ -8029,20 +9146,28 @@
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
 msgstr "git symbolic-ref [flaggor] namn [ref]"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:38
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] namn"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
 msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
 msgstr ""
 "undertryck felmeddelanden för icke-symboliska (frånkopplade) referenser"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:39
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "ta bort symbolisk referens"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
 msgid "shorten ref output"
 msgstr "förkorta ref-utdata"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason"
 msgstr "skäl"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason of the update"
 msgstr "skäl till uppdateringen"
 
@@ -8094,302 +9219,308 @@
 msgstr "kunde inte bekräfta taggen \"%s\""
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" ignoreras.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" ignoreras.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-"# Rader som inleds med \"#\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
-"# du vill.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
+"du vill.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "kunde inte signera taggen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "kunde inte skriva tagg-filen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "felaktig objekttyp"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tagghuvud för stort."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "inget taggmeddelande?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet har lämnats i %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "flaggan \"points-at\" behöver ett object"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "felformat objektnamn \"%s\""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr "lista taggnamn"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr "visa <n> rader från varje taggmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr "ta bort taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr "verifiera taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för att skapa taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr "annoterad tagg, behöver meddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr "taggmeddelande"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr "annoterad och GPG-signerad tagg"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr "använd annan nyckel för att signera taggen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr "ersätt taggen om den finns"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr "lista taggar i spalter"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för listning av taggar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar som innehåller incheckningen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr "visa endast taggar för objektet"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column och -n är inkompatibla"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan -n är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --contains är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "Flaggan --points-at är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "endast en av flaggorna -F eller -m tillåts."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "för många parametrar"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt taggnamn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera referensen"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "Uppdaterad tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git update-index [flaggor] [--] [<fil>...]"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:717
+#: builtin/update-index.c:720
 msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr "fortsätt uppdatera även när index inte är àjour"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+#: builtin/update-index.c:723
 msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
 msgstr "refresh: ignorera undermoduler"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:723
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
 msgstr "ignorera inte nya filer"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:725
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
 msgstr "låt filer ersätta kataloger och omvänt"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:727
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
 msgstr "lägg märke till filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:729
+#: builtin/update-index.c:732
 msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
 msgstr "uppdatera även om indexet innehåller ej sammanslagna poster"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
 msgid "refresh stat information"
 msgstr "uppdatera statusinformation"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:736
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
 msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
 msgstr "som --refresh, men ignorera assume-unchanged-inställning"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:740
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
 msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
 msgstr "<läge> <objekt> <sökväg>"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
 msgstr "lägg till angiven post i indexet"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:745
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
 msgid "(+/-)x"
 msgstr "(+/-)x"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
 msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
 msgstr "överstyr exekveringsbiten för angivna filer"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:750
+#: builtin/update-index.c:753
 msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
 msgstr "markera filer som \"ändras inte\""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+#: builtin/update-index.c:756
 msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
 msgstr "rensa \"assume-unchanged\"-biten"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:756
+#: builtin/update-index.c:759
 msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
 msgstr "markera filer som \"endast index\""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:759
+#: builtin/update-index.c:762
 msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
 msgstr "töm \"skip-worktree\"-biten"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
 msgstr "lägg endast till indexet; lägg inte till innehållet i objektdatabasen"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:764
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
 msgstr "ta bort namngivna sökvägar även om de finns i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:766
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
 msgstr "med --stdin: indatarader termineras med null-byte"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:768
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
 msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
 msgstr "läs lista över sökvägar att uppdatera från standard in"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
 msgstr "lägg poster från från standard in till indexet"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
 msgstr "återfyll etapp 2 och 3 från angivna sökvägar"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
 msgstr "uppdatera endast poster som skiljer sig från HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:784
+#: builtin/update-index.c:787
 msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
 msgstr "ignorera filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
 msgstr "raportera åtgärder på standard ut"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:789
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
 msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
 msgstr "(för porslin) glöm sparade olösta konflikter"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
 msgid "write index in this format"
 msgstr "skriv index i detta format"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr "git update-ref [flaggor] -d <refnamn> [<gammaltvärde>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
 msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr "git update-ref [flaggor]    <refnamn> <gammaltvärde> [<nyttvärde>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [flaggor] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
 msgid "delete the reference"
 msgstr "ta bort referensen"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
 msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
 msgstr "uppdatera <refnamn> inte det den pekar på"
 
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "standard in har NUL-terminerade argument"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "läs uppdateringar från standard in"
+
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
 msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
 msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
@@ -8434,24 +9565,33 @@
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr "endast användbart vid felsökning"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
-"Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+"\"git help -a\" och \"git help -g\" visar tillgängliga underkommandon och\n"
+"några konceptvägledningar. Se \"git help <kommando>\" eller \"git help\n"
+"<koncept>\" för att läsa mer om specifika underkommandon och koncept."
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "giltig till"
+
+#: parse-options.h:161
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "ingen funktion (bakåtkompatibilitet)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "var mer pratsam"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "var mer tyst"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:246
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "använd <n> siffror för att visa SHA-1:or"
 
@@ -8492,8 +9632,8 @@
 msgstr "Visa rader som motsvarar mönster"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "Skapa tomt git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Skapa tomt Git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
@@ -8508,8 +9648,8 @@
 msgstr "Flytta eller byt namn på en fil, katalog eller symbolisk länk"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "Hämta från och slå ihop med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Hämta från och integrera med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
@@ -8554,11 +9694,11 @@
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 
@@ -8587,7 +9727,7 @@
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr ""
-"Faller tillbaka på att pacha grundversionen och trevägssammanslagning..."
+"Faller tillbaka på att patcha grundversionen och trevägssammanslagning..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:179
 msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
@@ -8614,25 +9754,34 @@
 "Flaggan -b/--binary har varit utan funktion länge, och\n"
 "kommer tas bort. Vi ber dig att inte använda den längre."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "tidigare rebase-katalog $dotest finns fortfarande, men mbox angavs."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Bestäm dig. --skip eller --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Kvarbliven katalog $dotest hittades.\n"
+"Använd \"git am --abort\" för att ta bort den."
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "Lösningsoperation pågår inte, vi återupptar inte."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte tillämpa patchar (smutsiga: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8643,32 +9792,32 @@
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "kan inte vara interaktiv om standard in inte är ansluten till en terminal."
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "Tillämpa? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Tillämpar: $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -8678,7 +9827,7 @@
 "Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
 "introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
@@ -8686,16 +9835,16 @@
 "Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index\n"
 "glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan tillämpats."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
@@ -8704,7 +9853,7 @@
 "En kopia av patchen som misslyckades finns i:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "tillämpar på en tom historik"
 
@@ -8804,16 +9953,16 @@
 "Du måste sedan ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
 "(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "\"$invalid\" är inte en giltig incheckning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
@@ -8822,25 +9971,25 @@
 "Kunde inte checka ut original-HEAD \"$branch\".\n"
 "Försök \"git bisect reset <incheckning>\"."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Ingen loggfil angiven"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "kan inte läsa $file för uppspelning"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? vad menar du?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "kör $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8849,11 +9998,11 @@
 "\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
 "felkod $res från \"$command\" är < 0 eller >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen kan inte fortsätta längre"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8862,7 +10011,7 @@
 "\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
 "\"bisect_state $state\" avslutades med felkoden $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen lyckades"
 
@@ -8880,7 +10029,7 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:223
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet"
 
@@ -8888,7 +10037,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:255
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -8899,15 +10048,15 @@
 "Varning: snabbspolar din arbetskatalog från\n"
 "Varning: incheckningen $orig_head."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:280
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop flera grenar i ett tomt huvud."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Kan inte utföra en \"rebase\" ovanpå flera grenar"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -8918,31 +10067,50 @@
 "Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
 "För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"git rebase --abort\"."
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Tillämpade autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara $stash_sha1"
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tillämpning av autostash gav konflikter.\n"
+"Dina ändringar är säkra i stashen.\n"
+"Du kan när som helst använda \"git stash pop\" eller \"git stash drop\".\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr "Kroken pre-rebase vägrade ombaseringen."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr "Det verkar som en git-am körs. Kan inte ombasera."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "Flaggan --exec måste användas tillsammans med flaggan --interactive"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "Ingen ombasering pågår?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr "Åtgärden --edit-todo kan endast användas under interaktiv ombasering."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "Kan inte läsa HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -8950,12 +10118,12 @@
 "Du måste redigera alla sammanslagningskonflikter och\n"
 "därefter markera dem som lösta med git add"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Kunde inte flytta tillbaka till $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -8976,57 +10144,66 @@
 "och kör programmet igen. Jag avslutar ifall du fortfarande har\n"
 "något av värde där."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "ogiltig uppström $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr "$onto_name: mer än en sammanslagningsbas finns"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr "$onto_name: ingen sammanslagningsbas finns"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "Peka på en giltig incheckning: $onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "ödesdigert: ingen sådan gren: $branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra \"autostash\""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Skapade autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr "Checka in eller använd \"stash\" på dem."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour, ombasering framtvingad."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Ändringar från $mb till $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 "Först, spolar tillbaka huvudet för att spela av ditt arbete ovanpå det..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "Snabbspolade $branch_name till $onto_name."
@@ -9059,6 +10236,11 @@
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera $ref_stash med $w_commit"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9069,7 +10251,7 @@
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
@@ -9078,120 +10260,124 @@
 "fel: felaktig flagga för \"stash save\": $option\n"
 "     För att ange ett meddelande, använd git stash save -- \"$option\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:258
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Inga lokala ändringar att spara"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Kan inte initiera \"stash\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:266
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuell status"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändringar i arbetskatalogen"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:383
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Ingen \"stash\" hittades."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr "För många revisioner angivna: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:396
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference är inte en giltig referens."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:424
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-liknande incheckning"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:435
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-referens"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:443
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "kan inte uppdatera indexet"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "Kan inte tillämpa en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "Konflikter i indexet. Testa utan --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:457
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "Kunde inte spara indexträd"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:491
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändrade filer ur kön"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:506
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Indexet har inte tagits ur kön."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:523
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "Kastade ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:524
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Kunde inte kasta \"stash\"-post"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Inget grennamn angavs"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:603
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(För att återställa dem, skriv \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "kan inte ta bort en komponent från url:en \"$remoteurl\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 "Hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "Misslyckades klona \"$url\" till undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i underkatalogsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
+msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i undermodulsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Relativ sökväg kan enfast användas från arbetskatalogens toppnivå"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "arkiv-URL: \"$repo\" måste vara absolut eller börja med ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9202,158 +10388,373 @@
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till den"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "Lägger till befintligt arkiv i \"$sm_path\" i indexet"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "En git-katalog för \"$sm_name\" hittades lokalt med fjärr(ar):"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"För att återanvända den lokala git-katalogen istället för att på nytt klona "
+"från"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"använd flaggan \"--force\". Om den lokala git-katalogen inte är riktigt arkiv"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"eller om du är osäker på vad det innebär, välj nytt namn med flaggan \"--name"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Aktiverar lokal git-katalog för undermodulen \"$sm_name\" på nytt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Går in i \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Går in i \"$prefix$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr ""
-"Stoppar på \"$sm_path\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild från noll."
+"Stoppar på \"$prefix$displaypath\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild "
+"från noll."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\" i .gitmodules"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för underkatalogsökväg \"$sm_path\""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
 msgstr ""
-"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+"Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\" i .gitmodules"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath"
+"\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Använd \".\" om du verkligen vill avinitiera alla undermoduler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" innehåller katalogen \".git\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" har lokala ändringar; \"-f\" "
+"kastar bort dem"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rensade katalogen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa tom undermodulskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) avregistrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Undermodulen \"$sm_path\" har inte initierats\n"
+"Undermodulen \"$displaypath\" har inte initierats\n"
 "Kanske du vill köra \"update --init\"?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades köra \"$command $sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": \"$command $sha1\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "Flaggan --cached kan inte användas med flaggan --files"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "oväntat läge $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckning $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Varning: $name innehåller inte incheckningar $sha1_src och $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningarna $sha1_src och "
+"$sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$name\""
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$displaypath\""
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
+
+#~ msgid "done\n"
+#~ msgstr "klart\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Följande ospårade ändringar skulle INTE sparas utan måste tas bort med "
+#~ "\"stash save\":"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avbryter. Överväg att använda antingen flaggan --force eller --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
+#~ "katalog\n"
+#~ "(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
+#~ "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga "
+#~ "borttagning)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna ospårade filer. \"status -uno\""
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "kanske gör det snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så att du"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "inte glömmer lägga till filer själv (se \"git help status\")"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "hoppsan"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
 
 #~ msgid " 0 files changed"
 #~ msgstr " 0 filer ändrade"
@@ -9382,9 +10783,6 @@
 #~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
 #~ msgstr "-B kan inte användas med -b"
 
-#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-#~ msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med alla andra flaggor"
-
 #~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
 #~ msgstr "--detcah kan inte användas med -b/-B/--orphan"
 
@@ -9438,9 +10836,6 @@
 #~ msgid "# Changed but not updated:"
 #~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
 
-#~ msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
-#~ msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
-
 #~ msgid "path '%s' does not have all 3 versions"
 #~ msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte alla 3 versionerna"
 
@@ -9464,73 +10859,3 @@
 
 #~ msgid "Failed to write current notes tree to database"
 #~ msgstr "Kunde inte skriva aktuellt anteckningsträd till databasen"
-
-# FIXME: Untranslatable!
-#
-#~ msgid "Refusing to %s notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-#~ msgstr "Vägrar %s anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
-
-#~ msgid "add"
-#~ msgstr "add"
-
-#~ msgid "copy"
-#~ msgstr "copy"
-
-#~ msgid "show"
-#~ msgstr "show"
-
-#~ msgid "remove"
-#~ msgstr "remove"
-
-#~ msgid "prune"
-#~ msgstr "prune"
-
-#~ msgid "The current branch %s is not tracking anything."
-#~ msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s spårar ingenting."
-
-#~ msgid "No destination configured to push to."
-#~ msgstr "Har inte ställt in någon destination att sända till."
-
-#~ msgid "Reflog action message too long: %.*s..."
-#~ msgstr "Reflog-händelsemeddelande för långt: %.*s..."
-
-#~ msgid "Could not read commit message of %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelandet för %s"
-
-#~ msgid "Could not extract author email from %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte hämta författarens e-postadress från %s"
-
-#~ msgid "Could not extract author time from %s"
-#~ msgstr "Kunde inte hämta författartid från %s"
-
-#~ msgid "No author information found in %s"
-#~ msgstr "Hittade ingen författarinformation i %s"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --signoff"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --signoff"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --no-commit"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --no-commit"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with -x"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med -x"
-
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick --ff cannot be used with --edit"
-#~ msgstr "cherry-pick --ff kan inte användas med --edit"
-
-#~ msgid "committer info too long."
-#~ msgstr "incheckarinformation för lång."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ "# Write a tag message\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-#~ "# Skriv ett taggmeddelande\n"
-#~ "#\n"
-
-#~ msgid "signing key value too long (%.10s...)"
-#~ msgstr "signeringsnyckelvärdet för långt (%.10s...)"
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
index ca617a3..05420eb 100644
--- a/po/vi.po
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -1,35 +1,37 @@
 # Vietnamese translation for GIT-CORE.
-# Copyright (C) 2012, Trần Ngọc Quân.
+# Bản dịch tiếng Việt dành cho GIT-CORE.
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
-# First translated by Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012.
+# First translated by Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012-2013.
 # Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>, 2012.
 #
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: git-v1.8.0-rc2-4-g42e55\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: git-v1.8.5-rc0-24-g727b957\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-16 08:38+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-10-17 08:09+0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-02 13:15+0700\n"
 "Last-Translator: Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
 "Language: vi\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Team-Website: <http://translationproject.org/team/vi.html>\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=1;\n"
 "X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
 "X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.5\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
-msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "tìm thấy: %.*s\n"
 
 #.
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -37,9 +39,9 @@
 "or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 "Sửa chúng trong cây làm việc,\n"
-"và sau đó dùng lệnh `git add/rm <tập-tin>'\n"
-"dành riêng cho việc đánh dấu cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao,\n"
-"hoặc là dùng lệnh `git commit -a'."
+"và sau đó dùng lệnh \"git add/rm <tập-tin>\" dành riêng\n"
+"cho việc đánh dấu tập tin cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao,\n"
+"hoặc là dùng lệnh \"git commit -a\"."
 
 #: archive.c:10
 msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
@@ -60,122 +62,261 @@
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
 msgstr "git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
+
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "fmt"
 msgstr "fmt"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "archive format"
 msgstr "định dạng lưu trữ"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1079
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
 msgid "prefix"
 msgstr "tiền tố"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
 msgstr "nối thêm tiền tố vào từng đường dẫn tập tin trong kho lưu"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2389
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:801 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:540
-#: builtin/notes.c:697 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "tập-tin"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
 msgstr "ghi kho lưu vào tập tin này"
 
-#: archive.c:328
+#: archive.c:333
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
 msgstr "đọc .gitattributes trong thư mục làm việc"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:334
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
-msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi chuẩn)"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn)"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:335
 msgid "store only"
-msgstr "chỉ lưu"
+msgstr "chỉ lưu (không nén)"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:336
 msgid "compress faster"
 msgstr "nén nhanh hơn"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:344
 msgid "compress better"
 msgstr "nén nhỏ hơn"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:347
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
-msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu né được hỗ trợ"
+msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu nén được hỗ trợ"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
 msgid "repo"
 msgstr "kho"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
 msgstr "nhận kho lưu từ kho chứa <kho> trên máy chủ"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:619
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
 msgstr "lệnh"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
 msgstr "đường dẫn đến lệnh git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
 
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Các mẫu dạng phủ định bị cấm dùng cho các thuộc tính của git\n"
+"Dùng “\\!” cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than dẫn đầu."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Chưa cài đặt nhánh %s như là thượng nguồn (upstream) của nó."
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết nhánh máy chủ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo vết tham chiếu máy chủ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết tham chiếu nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "Theo vết chưa được cài đặt: tên quá dài: %s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Không theo vết: thông tin chưa rõ ràng cho tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải là một tên nhánh hợp lệ."
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Đã có nhánh mang tên “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Không thể ép buộc cập nhật nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cài đặt thông tin theo vết; điểm bắt đầu “%s” không phải là một "
+"nhánh."
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh thượng nguồn đã yêu cầu “%s” chưa sẵn có"
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định cải tổ công việc của bạn trên nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
+"(upstream) cái mà đã sẵn có trên máy chủ, bạn cần chạy\n"
+"lệnh \"git fetch\" để lấy nó về.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định push lên một nhánh nội bộ mới cái mà\n"
+"sẽ theo dõi bản đối chiếu máy chủ của nó, bạn cần dùng lệnh\n"
+"\"git push -u\" để đặt cấu hình thượng nguồn bạn muốn push."
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Tên đối tượng chưa rõ ràng: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa tham chiếu (ref) để cập nhật"
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi ghi tham chiếu (ref)"
+
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
-msgstr "`%s' không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (cụm)"
+msgstr "“%s” không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (định dạng dump của git)"
 
 #: bundle.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "phần đầu (header) không được thừa nhận: %s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:672
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s”"
 
 #: bundle.c:140
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
-msgstr "Khó chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
+msgstr "Kho chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao (commit) cần trước hết này:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:562 sequencer.c:994 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr "Cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt gặp lỗi"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
-msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (refs)"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa tham chiếu (ref) này:"
+msgstr[1] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu (ref):"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "Lệnh bundle ghi lại toàn bộ lịch sử."
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu (refs) này"
-msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu tham chiếu này:"
+msgstr[1] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu (refs) này:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
-msgstr "rev-list bị chết"
+msgstr "rev-list đã chết"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận: %s"
@@ -183,7 +324,7 @@
 #: bundle.c:335
 #, c-format
 msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
-msgstr "tham chiếu `%s' bị loại trừ bởi các tùy chọn rev-list"
+msgstr "th.chiếu “%s” bị loại trừ bởi các tùy chọn rev-list"
 
 #: bundle.c:380
 msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
@@ -200,36 +341,36 @@
 #: bundle.c:419
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot create '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
 
 #: bundle.c:441
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack đã chết"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
-msgstr "không thể phân tích %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp %s"
 
-#: commit.c:52
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần commit!"
 
 #: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
 msgid "memory exhausted"
-msgstr "cạn bộ nhớ"
+msgstr "hết bộ nhớ"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
-msgstr "Không thể chạy `git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Không thể chạy “git rev-list”"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi vào rev-list: %s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đầu vào chuẩn stdin của rev-list: %s"
@@ -301,26 +442,31 @@
 msgstr[0] "%lu năm trước"
 msgstr[1] "%lu năm trước"
 
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt bỏ phần trăm `%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt bỏ phần trăm “%s”\n"
 
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat `%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat “%s”\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule”: “%s”"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình “diff.dirstat”:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:3458
+#: diff.c:3490
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -329,75 +475,94 @@
 "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --dirstat/-X:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --submodule: “%s”"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "không thể chạy gpg."
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:71
 msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
-msgstr "gpg đã không đồng ý dữ liệu"
+msgstr "gpg đã không chấp nhận dữ liệu"
 
 #: gpg-interface.c:82
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg gặp lỗi khi ký dữ liệu"
 
-#: grep.c:1441
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm thời “%s”: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi chữ ký đính kèm vào “%s”: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1695
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
-msgstr "`%s': không thể đọc %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: không thể đọc %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1458
+#: grep.c:1712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
-msgstr "`%s': %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1469
+#: grep.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
-msgstr "`%s': đọc ngắn %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: đọc ngắn %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
-msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng trong `%s'"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có trong thư mục “%s”:"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn sàng để dùng từ một nơi khác trong $PATH của bạn"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
-"`%s' trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
+"“%s” trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
 "thể thực thi nó. Có lẽ là lệnh git-%s đã bị hỏng?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "Ối chà. Hệ thống của bạn báo rằng chẳng có lệnh Git nào cả."
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
 "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
 msgstr ""
-"CẢNH BÁO: Bạn đã gọi lệnh Git có tên `%s', mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
-"Giả định rằng ý bạn là `%s'"
+"CẢNH BÁO: Bạn đã gọi lệnh Git có tên “%s”, mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
+"Giả định rằng ý bạn là “%s”"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "trong %0.1f giây một cách tự động..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
-msgstr "git: `%s' không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem `git --help'."
+msgstr "git: “%s” không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem “git --help”."
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -411,6 +576,20 @@
 "\n"
 "Có phải ý bạn là một trong số những cái này không?"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc bộ nhớ đệm"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
@@ -419,72 +598,72 @@
 #: merge-recursive.c:206
 #, c-format
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
-msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn `%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đường dẫn `%s'%s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đường dẫn “%s”%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "Gỡ bỏ %s để tạo chỗ (room) cho thư mục con\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ": có lẽ là một xung đột D/F?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
-msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo vết tại `%s'"
+msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo vết tại “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
-msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s `%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết mềm (symlink) “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
-msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s `%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện trộn nội bộ"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "Không thể thêm %s vào cơ sở dữ liệu"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không được hỗ trợ trong cây (tree)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -493,7 +672,7 @@
 "XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
 "còn lại trong cây (tree)."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -502,20 +681,20 @@
 "XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
 "còn lại trong cây (tree) tại %s."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "đổi tên"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "đã đổi tên"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s là một thư mục trong %s thay vào đó thêm vào như là %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -524,190 +703,307 @@
 "XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong nhánh \"%s\" đổi "
 "tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong \"%s\"%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr " (cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
 msgstr "Đang đổi tên %s thành %s thay vì %s thành %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/thêm): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. %s được thêm vào trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "Thêm hòa trộn %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "Thay vào đó thêm vào %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
 msgstr "đối tượng %s không phải là một blob"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "sửa đổi"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "đã sửa"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "nội dung"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "thêm/thêm"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "Đã bỏ qua %s (đã có sẵn lần hòa trộn này)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "Tự-động-hòa-trộn %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "mô-đun-con"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Xung đột hòa trộn trong %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "Đang xóa %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "tập-tin/thư-mục"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "thư-mục/tập tin"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr ""
 "XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Ở đây không có thư mục nào có tên %s trong %s. Thêm %s như là "
 "%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "Thêm \"%s\""
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "Việc hòa trộn hỏng nghiêm trọng, không nên để xảy ra."
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "Đã cập nhật rồi!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "hòa trộn cây (tree) %s và %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "Đường dẫn chưa được xử lý??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "Đang trộn:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
 msgstr[1] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "hòa trộn không trả về lần chuyển giao (commit) nào"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu "
+"cây ghi chú"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s”"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài của refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s”"
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng: “%s”"
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "cách dùng: %s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "     hoặc: %s"
 
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-SỐ"
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"các cài đặt đặc tả đường dẫn “glob” và “noglob” toàn cục là xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"cài đặt đặc tả đường dẫn “literal” toàn cục là xung khắc với các cài đặt đặc "
+"tả đường dẫn toàn cục khác"
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "tham số không hợp lệ cho “tiền tố” màu nhiệm đặc tả đường đẫn"
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn không hợp lệ “%.*s” trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Thiếu “)” tại cuối của số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Chưa viết mã cho số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn “%c” trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: “literal” và “glob” xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: “%s” ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s”"
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: số mầu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn chưa được hỗ trợ bởi lệnh này: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” vượt ra ngoài liên kết mềm"
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh của bạn dựa trên cơ sở là “%s”, nhưng trên thượng nguồn không còn.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "   (dùng \" git branch --unset-upstream\" để sửa)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh của bạn đã cập nhật với “%s”.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
-msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của `%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
-msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của `%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+msgstr[1] "Nhánh của bạn là đầu của “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git push\" để xuất bản các lần chuyển giao nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau `%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
+"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
 "được fast-forward.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau `%s' bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
+"Nhánh của bạn thì ở đằng sau “%s” bởi %d lần chuyển giao (commit), và có thể "
 "được fast-forward.\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git pull\" để cập nhật nhánh nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1864
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -716,596 +1012,821 @@
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
-"Nhánh của bạn và `%s' bị phân kỳ,\n"
+"Nhánh của bạn và “%s” bị phân kỳ,\n"
 "và có %d và %d lần chuyển giao (commit) khác nhau cho từng cái,\n"
 "tương ứng với mỗi lần.\n"
 msgstr[1] ""
-"Your branch and `%s' have diverged,\n"
+"Your branch and “%s” have diverged,\n"
 "and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git pull\" để hòa trộn nhánh trên máy chủ vào trong nhánh của "
+"bạn)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) gặp lỗi"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
-msgstr "Không thể mở %s' để ghi"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi"
 
-#: sequencer.c:125 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể ghi vào `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào “%s”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:146
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
 msgstr ""
 "sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
-"với lệnh `git add <đường_dẫn>' hoặc `git rm <đường_dẫn>'"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:149
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 "sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
-"với lệnh `git add <đường_dẫn>' hoặc `git rm <đường_dẫn>'\n"
-"và chuyển giao (commit) kết quả bằng lệnh `git commit'"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”\n"
+"và chuyển giao (commit) kết quả bằng lệnh “git commit”"
 
-#: sequencer.c:162 sequencer.c:770 sequencer.c:853
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi vào %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:165
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh cherry-pick."
 
-#: sequencer.c:182
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh revert."
 
-#: sequencer.c:185
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "Chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi của bạn hay stash chúng để xử lý."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:235
+#: sequencer.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s: Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
-#: sequencer.c:266
+#: sequencer.c:356
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân giải commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:287
+#: sequencer.c:378
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "Không thể cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:423
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:337
+#: sequencer.c:428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) cha mẹ %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:403
+#: sequencer.c:494
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "Tập tin lưu mục lục của bạn không được hòa trộn."
 
-#: sequencer.c:406
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
-
-#: sequencer.c:421
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy chọn -"
 "m."
 
-#: sequencer.c:429
+#: sequencer.c:521
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có cha mẹ %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:433
+#: sequencer.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
-"Luồng chính được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là một "
-"lần hòa trộn."
+"Luồng chính đã được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không phải là "
+"một lần hòa trộn."
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:444
+#: sequencer.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s: không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao mẹ của %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "Không thể lấy thông điệp lần chuyển giao (commit) cho %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:532
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể revert %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:629
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:565
+#: sequencer.c:665
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) trống rỗng đặt là hợp quy cách"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi đọc bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:578
+#: sequencer.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi khi làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: sequencer.c:636
+#: sequencer.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "Không thể %s trong khi %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:758
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "Không phân tích được dòng %d."
 
-#: sequencer.c:663
+#: sequencer.c:763
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao (commit) nào được phân tích."
 
-#: sequencer.c:676
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:680
+#: sequencer.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "Không thể đọc %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:687
+#: sequencer.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng chỉ thị không thể dùng được: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:715
+#: sequencer.c:815
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "Khóa không đúng: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:718
+#: sequencer.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "Bảng tùy chọn dị hình: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "một thao tác cherry-pick hoặc revert đang được thực hiện"
 
-#: sequencer.c:752
+#: sequencer.c:852
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "hãy thử \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:756
+#: sequencer.c:856
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục xếp dãy %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:772 sequencer.c:857
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:791 sequencer.c:925
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert trong tiến trình"
 
-#: sequencer.c:793
+#: sequencer.c:893
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "không thể phân giải HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:795
+#: sequencer.c:895
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "không thể hủy bỏ từ một nhánh mà nó còn chưa được tạo ra"
 
-#: sequencer.c:817 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:820
+#: sequencer.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc %s: %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:821
+#: sequencer.c:921
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "kết thúc tập tin đột xuất"
 
-#: sequencer.c:827
+#: sequencer.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
-msgstr "tập tin HEAD 'pre-cherry-pick' đã lưu `%s' bị hỏng"
+msgstr "tập tin HEAD “pre-cherry-pick” đã lưu “%s” bị hỏng"
 
-#: sequencer.c:850
+#: sequencer.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "Không thể định dạng %s."
 
-#: sequencer.c:1012
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể cherry-pick một %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: điểm xét duyệt sai"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "Không thể revert một lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1013
+#: sequencer.c:1131
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể cherry-pick vào một đầu (head) trống rỗng"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git thường không bao giờ tạo tham chiếu mà nó kết thúc với 40 ký tự hex\n"
+"bởi vì nó sẽ bị bỏ qua khi bạn chỉ định 40-hex. Những tham chiếu này\n"
+"có lẽ được tạo ra bởi một sai sót nào đó. Ví dụ,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"với \"$br\" không hiểu lý do vì sao trống rỗng và một tham chiếu 40-hex được "
+"tạo ra.\n"
+"Xin hãy kiểm tra những tham chiếu này và có thể xóa chúng đi. Tắt lời nhắn "
+"này\n"
+"bằng cách chạy lệnh \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: `%s'"
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s”"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn (upstream) được cấu hình cho nhánh `%s'"
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn (upstream) được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s”"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr ""
-"Nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream) `%s' không được lưu lại như là một nhánh "
-"'remote-tracking'"
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream) “%s” không được lưu lại như là một nhánh "
+"“remote-tracking”"
 
-#: wrapper.c:408
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thay đổi .gitmodules chưa hòa trộn, hãy giải quyết xung đột trộn "
+"trước"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy phần trong .gitmodules nơi mà đường_dẫn=%s"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật mục .gitmodules %s"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ mục .gitmodules dành cho %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr "không tìm thấy .gitmodules trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc cập nhật .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thống kê .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ .gitmodules từ mục lục"
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thêm .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tổ chức .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git “%s”"
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Không thể đặt cây thư mục làm việc “core.worktree” trong “%s”."
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "tên lược đồ URL không hợp lệ hay thiếu hậu tố “://”"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "thoát chuỗi %XX không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "thiếu máy chủ và lược đồ thì không phải là giao thức “file:”"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "URL kiểu “file:” không được chứa cổng"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "có các ký tự không hợp lệ trong tên máy"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "tên cổng không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "đoạn đường dẫn “..” không hợp lệ"
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
-msgstr "không thể truy cập `%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”"
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
 msgstr "không tìm thấy người dùng hiện tại trong tập tin passwd: %s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:455
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "không có người dùng như vậy"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:146
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "Những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ một stage (trạng thái))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ trạng thái (stage))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" như là một cách  thích hợp để đánh dấu "
 "là cần được giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:183
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm <tập-tin>...\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:194
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "Những thay đổi sẽ được chuyển giao:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 "Các thay đổi không được đặt trạng thái (stage) cho lần chuyển giao (commit):"
 
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì cần chuyển giao "
 "(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:218
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>...\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:219
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git checkout -- <tập-tin>...\" để bỏ thay đổi trong thư mục làm "
 "việc)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:221
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (chuyển giao (commit) hoặc là loại bỏ các nội dung không-bị-theo-vết hay "
 "đã bị chỉnh sửa trong mô-đun-con)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git %s <tập-tin>...\" để thêm vào những gì cần chuyển giao "
 "(commit))"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "lỗi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "bị xóa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "added by us:"
-msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:257
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "bị xóa đi bởi họ:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi họ:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:259
 msgid "deleted by us:"
-msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng tôi:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng ta:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "được thêm vào bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:261
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "bị sửa bởi cả hai:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:291
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) mới, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:293
 msgid "modified content, "
-msgstr "nội dung được sửa đổi, "
+msgstr "nội dung bị sửa đổi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:295
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "tập tin mới:   %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
-msgstr "đã sao chép:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "đã sao chép:   %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
-msgstr "đã xóa:    %s"
+msgstr "đã xóa:        %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
-msgstr "đã sửa đổi:   %s"
+msgstr "đã sửa đổi:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "đã đổi tên:    %s -> %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
-msgstr "đổi-kiểu: %s"
+msgstr "đổi-kiểu:      %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "không hiểu:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
-msgstr "chưa hòa trộn:   %s"
+msgstr "chưa hòa trộn: %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "lỗi: không lấy được trạng thái lệnh diff %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con thay đổi đã được chuyển giao (commit):"
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "Bạn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:851
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột sau đó chạy \"git commit\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:854
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "Tất cả các xung đột đã được giải quyết nhưng bạn vẫn đang hòa trộn."
 
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:857
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit\" để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:867
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
-msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên 'am'."
+msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên “am”."
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:870
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "Miếng vá hiện tại bị trống rỗng."
 
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:876
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
-msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để bỏ qua lần vá này)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để bỏ qua miếng vá này)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:878
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --abort\" để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc rebase (tái cấu trúc)."
 
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:946
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:948
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --skip\" để bỏ qua lần vá này)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:950
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git rebase --abort\" để check-out nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:963
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc chia tách một lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"trong khi đang rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn hiện tại đang cắt đôi một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang thực hiện việc "
 "rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:975
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr ""
 "  (Một khi thư mục làm việc của bạn đã gọn gàng, chạy \"git rebase --continue"
 "\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc sửa chữa một lần chuyển giao (commit) trong "
+"khi đang rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "Bạn hiện đang sửa một lần chuyển giao trong khi bạn thực hiện rebase."
 
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:987
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git commit --amend\" để tu bổ lần chuyển giao (commit) hiện tại)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:989
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr ""
 "  (dùng \"git rebase --continue\" một khi bạn cảm thấy hài lòng về những "
 "thay đổi của mình)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
-msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
-msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick."
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick lần chuyển giao %s."
 
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git cherry-pick --abort\" để hủy bỏ thao tác cherry-pick)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác revert lần chuyển giao “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git revert --abort\" để hủy bỏ thao tác revert)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác di chuyển nửa bước (bisect), bắt đầu từ "
+"nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
-msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (chia đôi)."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (di chuyển nửa bước)."
 
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1046
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (dùng \"git bisect reset\" để quay trở lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1221
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "Trên nhánh "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase đang được thực hiện: lên trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời tại "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời từ"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "Hiện tại chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi đầu"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
+#: wt-status.c:1271
 msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
+#: wt-status.c:1273
 msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr "Những tập tin bị lờ đi"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Cần %.2f giây để liệt kê tất cả các tập tin chưa được theo dõi. “status -"
+"uno”\n"
+"có lẽ làm nó nhanh hơn, nhưng bạn phải cẩn thận đừng quên mình phải\n"
+"tự thêm các tập tin mới (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1283
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "Những tập tin không bị theo vết không được liệt kê ra %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1285
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr " (dùng tùy chọn -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1291
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1028
+#: wt-status.c:1296
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào commit (dùng \"git add\" và/hoặc \"git "
 "commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
+#: wt-status.c:1299
 #, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
+#: wt-status.c:1302
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
@@ -1314,225 +1835,294 @@
 "không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
 "không được theo dấu vết hiện diện (dùng \"git add\" để đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
+#: wt-status.c:1305
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao (commit) nhưng có những tập tin "
 "không được theo dấu vết hiện diện\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1040
+#: wt-status.c:1308
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 " không có gì để commit (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và dùng \"git add\" để theo "
 "dõi dấu vết)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1046
+#: wt-status.c:1314
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
 "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit) (dùng -u để bỏ các tập tin cần theo dấu "
 "vết)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1050
+#: wt-status.c:1318
 #, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao (commit), thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1427
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD (không nhánh)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1433
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) khởi tạo trên "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "đã ra đi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1465
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "đằng sau "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "phía trước "
 
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1473
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ", đằng sau "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "bỏ liên kết (unlink) %s không thành công"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git add [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [các-tùy-chọn] [--]  <pathspec>..."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cách ứng xử của lệnh “git add %s (hay %s)” khi không có tham số đường dẫn "
+"từ\n"
+"thư-mục con của cây sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0 và không thể sử dụng như thế "
+"nữa.\n"
+"Để thêm nội dung cho toàn bộ cây, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (hay git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"Để hạn chế lệnh cho thư-mục hiện tại, chạy:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (hay git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"Với phiên bản hiện tại của Git, lệnh bị hạn chế cho thư-mục hiện tại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chạy “git add” mà không có “-A (--all)” cũng không “--ignore-removal”,\n"
+"cách ứng xử của nó sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0: nó quan tâm đến các đường dẫn "
+"mà\n"
+"bạn đã gỡ bỏ. Các đường dẫn như là “%s” cái mà\n"
+"bị gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn thì bị bỏ qua với phiên bản này của Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>”, cái hiện tại là mặc định,\n"
+"  bỏ qua các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+"\n"
+"* “git add --all <pathspec>” sẽ đồng thời giúp bạn ghi lại việc dời đi.\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy “git status” để kiểm tra các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của "
+"bạn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "trạng thái lệnh diff không như mong đợi %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:230
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
-msgstr "gỡ bỏ `%s'\n"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn `%s' thì ở trong mô-đun-con `%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:237
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 "Các thay đổi không được lưu trạng thái sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "pathspec `%s' không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "`%s' nằm ngoài một liên kết tượng trưng"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:299
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
-msgstr "Không thể mở `%s' để ghi"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:314
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi ra miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:321
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. Đã bỏ qua."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể apply (áp dụng miếng vá) “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:337
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
 "của bạn:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:133
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "dry run"
 msgstr "chạy thử"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1154
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1477
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "chi tiết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 msgid "interactive picking"
 msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
-msgstr "chọn `hunks' một cách tương tác"
+msgstr "chọn “hunks” một cách tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
 msgstr "sửa diff hiện nay và áp dụng nó"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
 msgstr "cho phép thêm các tập tin bị bỏ qua khác"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "update tracked files"
 msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin được theo vết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:362
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
 msgstr "chỉ ghi lại sự việc mà đường dẫn sẽ được thêm vào sau"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:363
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 "thêm các thay đổi từ tất cả các tập tin có cũng như không được theo dõi dấu "
 "vết"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"lờ đi các đường dẫn bị gỡ bỏ trong cây thư mục làm việc (giống với --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
 msgstr "không thêm, chỉ làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:369
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
 msgstr "chie bỏ qua những tập tin mà nó không thể được thêm vào bởi vì gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:370
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr ""
 "kiểm tra xem - thậm chí thiếu - tập tin bị bỏ qua trong quá trình chạy thử"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:392
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng tùy chọn -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm chúng vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:393
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "chưa có tập tin nào được thêm vào"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "thêm tập tin gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A và -u xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:456
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được dùng cùng với --dry-run"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "Không có gì được chỉ ra, không có gì được thêm vào.\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:487
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
-msgstr "Có lẽ bạn muốn là `git add .' phải không?\n"
+msgstr "Có lẽ bạn muốn là “git add .” phải không?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:290 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
 
@@ -1543,12 +2133,12 @@
 #: builtin/apply.c:110
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn về khoảng trắng `%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn về khoảng trắng “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:125
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn bỏ qua khoảng trắng `%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn bỏ qua khoảng trắng “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/apply.c:823
 #, c-format
@@ -1585,19 +2175,19 @@
 #: builtin/apply.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
-msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - mong đợi /dev/null trên dòng %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - cần /dev/null trên dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
-msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không được mong đợi: %.*s"
+msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không cần: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá phân mảnh mà không có phần đầu tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1612,82 +2202,78 @@
 "phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong "
 "thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá hỏng tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "tập tin mới %s phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "tập tin đã xóa %s vẫn còn nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** cảnh báo: tập tin %s trở nên trống rỗng nhưng không bị xóa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân sai hỏng tại dòng %d: %.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được nhận ra tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
-msgstr "vá chỉ với 'garbage' tại dòng %d"
+msgstr "vá chỉ với “garbage” tại dòng %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc liên kết tượng trưng %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đọc hay ghi %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "ôi?"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
-msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: `%c'"
+msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: “%c”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
 msgstr[0] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 msgstr[1] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "Nội dung bị giảm xuống (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1696,325 +2282,325 @@
 "Trong khi đang tìm kiếm cho:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
-msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho `%s'"
+msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
-msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho `%s'"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr ""
-"vá nhị phân cho `%s' tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong chờ %s, lại nhận "
+"vá nhị phân cho “%s” tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong chờ %s, lại nhận "
 "%s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "vá gặp lỗi: %s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "không thể \"checkout\" %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "đọc %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "đường dẫn %s đã bị xóa/đổi tên"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s: không tồn tại trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s: không khớp trong mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "loại bỏ miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s: sai kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s có kiểu %o, mong chờ %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s: đã có từ trước trong bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o) của %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s: miếng vá không được áp dụng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "Đang kiểm tra miếng vá %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
-msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn `%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ %s từ mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "miếng vá sai hỏng cho dự án con (subproject) %s"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "miếng vá sai hỏng cho mô-đun-con (subproject) %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái về tập tin %s mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
-msgstr "không thể tạo 'backing store' cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “backing store” cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
-msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ tạm cho %s"
+msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ đệm cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
-msgstr "đang đóng tập tin `%s'"
+msgstr "đang đóng tập tin “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
-msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin `%s' chế độ (mode) %o"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin “%s” chế độ (mode) %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "Đã áp dụng miếng và %s một cách sạch sẽ."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "lỗi nội bộ"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "Đang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 msgstr[1] "Đang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
-msgstr "đang cắt cụt tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "đang cắt ngắn tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "Khối nhớ #%d được áp dụng gọn gàng."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "hunk #%d bị từ chối."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "không thừa nhận đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "không thể đọc tập tin lưu bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
-#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "đường-dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "không áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "số"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
 msgstr "gỡ bỏ <số> phần dẫn đầu (slashe) từ đường dẫn diff cổ điển"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "lờ đi phần phụ thêm tạo ra bởi miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr ""
 "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả cho đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "thay vì áp dụng miếng vá, hãy xem xem miếng vá có thích hợp không"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "hãy chắc chắn là miếng vá thích hợp với bảng mục lục hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "áp dụng một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr ""
 "đồng thời áp dụng miếng vá (dùng với tùy chọn --stat/--summary/--check)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "thử hòa trộn kiểu three-way nếu việc vá không thể thực hiện được"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr ""
 "xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm thời trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "các đường dẫn bị ngăn cách bởi ký tự NULL"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "đảm bảo rằng có ít nhất <n> dòng nội dung khớp"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "hành động"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "tìm thấy một dòng mới hoặc bị sửa đổi mà nó có lỗi do khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "lờ đi sự thay đổi do khoảng trắng khi quét nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "áp dụng miếng vá theo chiều ngược"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "đừng hy vọng có ít nhất một dòng nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "để lại khối dữ liệu bị từ chối trong các tập tin *.rej tương ứng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "cho phép chồng khối nhớ"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr ""
 "đã dò tìm thấy dung sai không chính xác thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "không tin số lượng dòng trong phần đầu khối dữ liệu"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "root"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "treo thêm <root> vào tất cả các tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached ở ngoài một kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 msgstr[1] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -2024,7 +2610,7 @@
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:20
 msgid "could not redirect output"
@@ -2036,25 +2622,25 @@
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:58
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
-msgstr "git archive: mong đợi ACK/NAK, nhận EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: cần ACK/NAK, nhưng lại nhận được EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "lỗi máy chủ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive: lỗi giao thức"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
-msgstr "git archive: đã mong chờ một flush"
+msgstr "git archive: cần một flush (đẩy dữ liệu lên đĩa)"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
 msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
@@ -2062,7 +2648,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
 msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
-msgstr "thực hiện `git bisect next'"
+msgstr "thực hiện “git bisect next”"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
@@ -2070,402 +2656,493 @@
 "cập nhật BISECT_HEAD thay vì lấy ra (checking out) lần chuyển giao (commit) "
 "hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
 msgstr "git blame [các-tùy-chọn] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
 msgstr "[rev-opts] được mô tả trong git-rev-list(1)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2373
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
-msgstr "Hiển thị các mục `blame' như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các mục “blame” như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2374
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
 msgstr ""
-"Hiển thị SHA-1 trống cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
+"Hiển thị SHA-1 trắng cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2375
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Không coi các lần chuyển giao gốc là giới hạn (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2376
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê công sức làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2377
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
-msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin `blame'"
+msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin “blame”"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2378
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị tên tập tin gốc (Mặc định: auto)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2379
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị số dòng gốc (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2380
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
 msgstr "Hiển thị ở định dạng đã thiết kế cho sự tiêu dùng bằng máy"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2381
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
-msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng 'porcelain' với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
+msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng “porcelain” với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2382
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Dùng cùng chế độ xuất ra vóigit-annotate (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2383
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị dấu vết thời gian dạng thô (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2384
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị SHA1 của lần chuyển giao (commit) dạng dài (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2385
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Không hiển thị tên tác giả và dấu vết thời gian (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2386
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử của tác giả thay vì tên (Mặc định: off)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2387
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
 msgstr "Bỏ qua các khác biệt do khoảng trắng gây ra"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2388
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
 msgstr "Tiêu thụ thêm năng tài nguyên máy móc để tìm kiếm tốt hơn nữa"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2389
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
 msgstr ""
-"Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì gọi `git-rev-list'"
+"Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì gọi “git-rev-list”"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2390
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
 msgstr "Sử dụng nội dung của <tập tin> như là ảnh cuối cùng"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391 builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "score"
 msgstr "điểm số"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2391
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
 msgstr "Tìm các bản sao chép dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2392
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
 msgstr "Tìm các di chuyển dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "n,m"
 msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2393
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
 msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m, tính từ 1"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:24
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
 msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-l] [-f] <tên-nhánh> [<điểm-đầu>]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:25
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
 msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] [-r] (-d | -D) <tên-nhánh> ..."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:26
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
 msgstr "git branch [các-tùy-chọn] (-m | -M) [<nhánh-cũ>] <nhánh-mới>"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"đang xóa nhánh `%s' mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
-"         `%s', nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+"đang xóa nhánh “%s” mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"không xóa nhánh `%s' cái mà chưa được hòa trộng vào\n"
-"         `%s', cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+"không xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà chưa được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:181
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "không thể dùng tùy chọn -a với -d"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:187
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho HEAD"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh `%s' cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ `%s'."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:204
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh `%s'."
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:211
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:217
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
 "If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
 msgstr ""
-"Nhánh `%s' không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
-"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh `git branch -D %s'."
+"Nhánh “%s” không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
+"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh “git branch -D %s”."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh máy chủ `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:227
-#, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
-msgstr "Lỗi khi xoá bỏ nhánh `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
-#, c-format
-msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
-#, c-format
-msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "Nhánh `%s' đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
 msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:338
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "không thể dùng tùy chọn -a với -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao (commit) cho HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh trên máy chủ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xoá bỏ nhánh “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh trên máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
-msgstr "nhánh `%s' không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:410
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: đã ra đi]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:412
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[đằng sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:416
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:418
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[phía trước %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:421
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s: trước %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:424
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[trước %d, sau %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:537
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** tham chiếu sai ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, đang rebase %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, bisect được bắt đầu tại %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(được tách rời từ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(không nhánh)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:602
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "đối tượng “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "một số tham chiếu đã không thể đọc được"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "không thể đổi tên nhánh hiện hành trong khi nó chẳng ở đâu cả."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
-msgstr "Sai tên nhánh: `%s'"
+msgstr "Tên nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:640
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
-msgstr "Đổi tên nhánh gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đổi tên nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:644
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
-msgstr "Đã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh `%s' đi"
+msgstr "Đã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh “%s” đi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên thành %s, nhưng HEAD lại không được cập nhật!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:655
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên, nhưng cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:670
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:694
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào mẫu mô tả nhánh: %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:724
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "Generic options"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:726
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
 msgstr "hiển thị mã băm và chủ đề, đưa ra hai lần cho nhánh thượng nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:727
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
 msgstr "Thu hồi các thông điệp thông tin"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:728
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
 msgstr "cài đặt chế độ theo vết (xem git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:730
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
 msgid "change upstream info"
 msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:734
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
 msgid "use colored output"
 msgstr "sử dụng kết xuất có tô màu"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:735
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh `remote-tracking'"
+msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh “remote-tracking”"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:738 builtin/branch.c:744 builtin/branch.c:765
-#: builtin/branch.c:771 builtin/commit.c:1362 builtin/commit.c:1363
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364 builtin/commit.c:1365 builtin/tag.c:470
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:739 builtin/branch.c:745
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
 msgstr "Hành động git-branch:"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:752
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh `remote-tracking' và nội bộ"
+msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh “remote-tracking” và nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:754
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
 msgstr "xóa một cách đầy đủ nhánh đã hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:755
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
 msgstr "xoá nhánh (cho dù là chưa được hòa trộn)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:756
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
 msgstr "di chuyển hay đổi tên một nhánh và reflog của nó"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
-msgstr "di chuyể hoặc đổi tên một nhánh, thậm  chí cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
+msgstr "di chuyển hoặc đổi tên một nhánh, thậm chí cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
 msgid "list branch names"
 msgstr "liệt kê các tên nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:759
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr "tạo reflog của nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
 msgstr "sửa mô tả cho nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
 msgstr "ép buộc tạo (khi đã sẵn tồn tại rồi)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:765
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:771
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
 msgid "print only merged branches"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
 msgid "list branches in columns"
 msgstr "liệt kê các nhánh trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải HEAD như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:793 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "không tìm thấy HEAD ở dưới refs/heads!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và --verbose xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:864
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cần tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đưa ra mô tả HEAD đã tách rời"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "không thể sửa mô tả cho nhiều hơn một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Vẫn chưa chuyển giao trên nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào có tên “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh dành cho thao tác đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh được đặt cho thượng nguồn (upstream) mới"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể đặt thượng nguồn (upstream) của HEAD thành %s khi mà nó chẳng chỉ "
+"đến nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "nhánh `%s' chưa sẵn có"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s” chưa sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:876
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh để bỏ đặt ngược dòng (upstream)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể bỏ đặt ngược dòng (upstream) của HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào "
+"cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
-msgstr "Nhánh `%s' không có thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” không có thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:891
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "không hợp lý khi tạo “HEAD” thủ công "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
-"hai tùy chọn -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh `git branch' không hợp lý đối với tên "
+"hai tùy chọn -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh “git branch” không hợp lý đối với tên "
 "nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:894
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
@@ -2474,7 +3151,7 @@
 "Cờ --set-upstream bị phản đối và sẽ bị xóa bỏ. Nên dùng --track hoặc --set-"
 "upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:911
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -2482,15 +3159,15 @@
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Nếu bạn muốn `%s' theo dõi `%s', thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn “%s” theo dõi “%s”, thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:912
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:913
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
@@ -2498,7 +3175,7 @@
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
-msgstr "`%s' tốt\n"
+msgstr "“%s” tốt\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:56
 msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
@@ -2508,44 +3185,44 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để mà bung một bundle."
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<kiểu>|--textconv) <đối tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
 msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <danh-sách-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 msgstr "<kiểu> là một trong số: blob, tree, commit, tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
 msgid "show object type"
 msgstr "hiển thị kiểu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
 msgid "show object size"
 msgstr "hiển thị kích thước đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
 msgstr "thoát với 0 khi không có lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
 msgstr "in nội dung đối tượng dạng dễ đọc"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
 msgstr "với đối tượng blob, chạy lệnh textconv trên nội dung của đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị thông tin và nội dung của các đối tượng lấy từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
 msgstr "hiển thị các thông tin về đối tượng fed  từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
@@ -2566,13 +3243,66 @@
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
 msgstr "chỉ sử dụng .gitattributes từ bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
 msgstr "đọc tên tập tin từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
-msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
-msgstr "các đường dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các bản ghi vào và ra bằng ký tự NULL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "hiển thị những đường dẫn đầu vào không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "bỏ qua mục lục khi kiểm tra"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "không thể chỉ định các tên đường dẫn với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z chỉ hợp lý với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet chỉ hợp lệ với tên đường dẫn đơn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "không thể dùng cả hai tùy chọn --quiet và --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "tùy-chọn --non-matching chỉ hợp lệ khi dùng với --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [các-tùy-chọn] <danh-bạ>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "đồng thời đọc các danh bạ từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích danh bạ: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra danh bạ"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
@@ -2627,112 +3357,107 @@
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
 msgstr "git checkout [các-tùy-chọn] [<nhánh>] -- <tập-tin>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s' không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s' không có các phiên bản của chúng"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s' không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s' không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:193
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s': không thể hòa trộn"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s”: không thể hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
-msgstr "`%s' không thể được sử dụng với các đường dẫn cập nhật"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với các đường dẫn cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "`%s' không thể được sử dụng với %s"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được dùng cùng với %s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể cập nhật các đường dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh `%s' cùng một lúc."
+"Không thể cập nhật các đường dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh “%s” cùng một lúc."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
-msgstr "đường dẫn `%s' không được hòa trộn"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "bạn cần phải giải quyết bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã!"
+msgstr "bạn cần phải phân giải bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã sẵn sàng trên `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã sẵn sàng trên “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển tới và reset nhánh `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển tới và reset nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh mới `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh mới “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... và nhiều hơn %d.\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2757,7 +3482,7 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2773,153 +3498,157 @@
 " git branch tên_nhánh_mới %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
-msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét lại"
+msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "Vị trí kế trước của HEAD là"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "Bạn tại nhánh mà nó chưa hề được sinh ra"
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "chỉ cần một tham chiếu, nhưng lại đưa ra %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "tham chiếu sai: %s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là một cây (tree):%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:961
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr "các đường dẫn không thể dùng cùng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964 builtin/checkout.c:968
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "`%s' không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972 builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:980
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
-msgstr "`%s' không thể được sử dụng với `%s'"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một non-commit `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một non-commit “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
 msgid "branch"
 msgstr "nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
 msgstr "tạo và checkout một nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
 msgstr "create/reset và checkout một nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
 msgstr "tạo reflog cho nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
 msgstr "rời bỏ HEAD tại lần chuyển giao danh nghĩa"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
 msgstr "đặt thông tin thượng nguồn (upstream) cho nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new branch"
 msgstr "nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new unparented branch"
 msgstr "nhánh mồ côi mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 "lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng ta cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
 msgstr ""
 "lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng họ cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
 msgstr "ép buộc lấy ra (checkout) (bỏ đi những thay đổi nội bộ)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
 msgstr "thực hiện hòa trộn kiểu 3-way với nhánh mới"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1025 builtin/merge.c:215
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin bị bỏ qua (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026 builtin/log.c:1111 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
 msgid "style"
 msgstr "kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr "xung đột kiểu (hòa trộn hay diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "không giới hạn pathspecs chỉ thành các mục thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
-msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai `git checkout không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy'"
+msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai “git checkout không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "Tùy chọn -b|-B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn -b, -B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track cần tên một nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên nhánh; hãy thử -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "đường dẫn đã cho không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1120
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể cập nhật và chuyển thành nhánh `%s' cùng lúc\n"
-"Bạn đã có ý định checkout `%s' cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
+"Không thể cập nhật và chuyển thành nhánh “%s” cùng lúc\n"
+"Bạn đã có ý định checkout “%s” cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
 "chuyển giao (commit)?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
 #, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đường dẫn `%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đường dẫn “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1129
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
@@ -2927,89 +3656,192 @@
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force và --merge là xung khắc với nhau khi\n"
 "checkout bảng mục lục (index)."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đường-dẫn>..."
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
-msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
-msgstr "ép buộc"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-msgid "remove whole directories"
-msgstr "gỡ bỏ toàn bộ thư mục"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:803
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:199
-msgid "pattern"
-msgstr "mẫu"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
-msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
-msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc bỏ qua"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
-msgid "remove ignored files, too"
-msgstr "đồng thời gỡ bỏ cả các tập tin bị bỏ qua"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
-msgid "remove only ignored files"
-msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ những tập tin bị bỏ qua"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng một lúc với nhau"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n mà cũng "
-"không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đường-dẫn>..."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
-msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn  -n "
-"mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Có thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Có thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Nên bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ bỏ %s"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp về nhắc:\n"
+"1          - chọn một mục được đánh số\n"
+"foo        - chọn mục trên cơ sở tiền tố duy nhất\n"
+"           - (trống rỗng) không chọn gì cả"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp về nhắc:\n"
+"1          - chọn một mục đơn\n"
+"3-5        - chọn một vùng\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - chọn nhiều vùng\n"
+"foo        - chọn mục dựa trên tiền tố duy nhất\n"
+"-...       - không chọn các mục đã chỉ ra\n"
+"*          - chọn tất\n"
+"           - (trống rỗng) kết thúc việc chọn"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hả (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Mẫu để lọc các tập tin cần lờ đi đầu vào>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "CẢNH BÁO: Không tìm thấy các mục được khớp bởi: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Chọn mục muốn xóa"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ “%s”?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tạm biệt."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - bắt đầu dọn dẹp\n"
+"filter by pattern   - loại trừ các mục khỏi việc xóa\n"
+"select by numbers   - chọn các mục cần xóa bằng số\n"
+"ask each            - xác nhận trước mỗi lần xóa (giống như \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - dừng việc dọn dẹp lại\n"
+"help                - hiển thị chính trợ giúp này\n"
+"?                   - trợ giúp dành cho chọn bằng cách nhắc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Lệnh ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Giờ thì sao"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Có muốn gỡ bỏ mục sau đây không:"
+msgstr[1] "Có muốn gỡ bỏ các mục sau đây không:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Không còn tập-tin nào để dọn dẹp, đang thoát ra."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "ép buộc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ toàn bộ thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "đồng thời gỡ bỏ cả các tập tin bị bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ những tập tin bị bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng một lúc với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn -n mà cũng "
+"không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt là true và không đưa ra tùy chọn -n mà "
+"cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
 msgstr "git clone [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <kho> [<t.mục>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
 msgid "force progress reporting"
 msgstr "ép buộc báo cáo tiến trình"
 
@@ -3019,196 +3851,227 @@
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
 msgid "create a bare repository"
-msgstr "tạo kho chứa bare"
+msgstr "tạo kho thuần (bare)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:72
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
 msgstr "tạo kho bản sao (mirror) (ngụ ý là bare)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:74
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
 msgstr "để nhân bản từ kho nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:76
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
 msgstr "không sử dụng liên kết cứng nội bộ, luôn sao chép"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:78
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
 msgstr "cài đặt đây là kho chia sẻ"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
 msgstr "khởi tạo mô-đun-con trong bản sao"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
 msgid "template-directory"
 msgstr "thư-mục-tạm"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:486
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
 msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
 msgstr "thư mục mà tại đó các mẫu sẽ được dùng"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:86
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "reference repository"
 msgstr "kho tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
 msgid "name"
 msgstr "tên"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
-msgstr "dùng <tên> thay vì `origin' để theo dõi thượng nguồn (uptream)"
+msgstr "dùng <tên> thay vì “origin” để theo dõi thượng nguồn (uptream)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
 msgstr "lấy ra nhánh (checkout <nhánh>) thay vì HEAD của máy chủ"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
 msgstr "đường dẫn đến git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:748
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
 msgid "depth"
 msgstr "độ sâu"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:94
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
 msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
 msgstr "tạo bản sao không đầy đủ cho mức sâu đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:96
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
 msgstr "nhân bản (clone) chỉ một nhánh, HEAD hoặc --branch"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
 msgstr "gitdir"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
 msgstr "không dùng chung thư mục dành riêng cho git và thư mục làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:99
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
 msgid "key=value"
 msgstr "khóa=giá trị"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:100
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr "đặt cấu hình bên trong một kho chứa mới"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "kho tham chiếu `%s' không phải là một thư mục nội bộ."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s” không phải là một kho nội bộ."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s tồn tại nhưng không phải là một thư mục"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "lỗi stat (lấy trạng thái về) %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo được liên kết mềm %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi chép tập tin tới `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi chép tập tin tới “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "hoàn tất.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc nhân bản thành công, nhưng checkout gặp lỗi.\n"
+"Bạn kiểm tra kỹ xem cái gì được lấy ra bằng lệnh “git status”\n"
+"và thử checkout với lệnh “git checkout -f HEAD”\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ %s để nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra kết nối..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "máy chủ đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "refers HEAD máy chủ  chỉ đến ref không tồn tại, không thể checkout.\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:690
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra (checkout) cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "Có quá nhiều đối số."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:694
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định một kho để mà nhân bản (clone)."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:705
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --origin %s xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:719
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --separate-git-dir xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "kho chứa `%s' chưa tồn tại"
+msgstr "kho chứa “%s” chưa tồn tại"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:724
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth bị lờ đi khi nhân bản nội bộ; hãy sử dụng file:// để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:734
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local bị lờ đi"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
-msgstr "đường dẫn đích `%s' đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
+msgstr "đường dẫn đích “%s” đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:744
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
-msgstr "cây làm việc `%s' đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
+msgstr "cây làm việc “%s” đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:757 builtin/clone.c:771
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:760
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
-msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir `%s'."
+msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:779
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare `%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare “%s”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:781
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành `%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành “%s”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:823
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để nhân bản (clone) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:872
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong thượng nguồn (upstream) %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:879
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "Bạn hình như là đã nhân bản một kho trống rỗng."
 
@@ -3230,11 +4093,11 @@
 
 #: builtin/column.c:30
 msgid "Padding space on left border"
-msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trống vào bờ bên trái"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trống vào bên trái"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:31
 msgid "Padding space on right border"
-msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng vào tiếp giáp bên phải"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng vào bên phải"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:32
 msgid "Padding space between columns"
@@ -3244,15 +4107,15 @@
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command phải là đối số đầu tiên"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:34
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git commit [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <pathspec>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:39
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git status [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <mẫu-tập-tin>..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <pathspec>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:44
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3276,11 +4139,11 @@
 "    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
 "\n"
 "Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho lần "
-"chuyển giao (commit) này với lệnh:\n"
+"chuyển giao này với lệnh:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:56
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3293,114 +4156,132 @@
 "hoặc là bạn gỡ bỏ các lần chuyển giao một cách hoàn toàn bằng lệnh:\n"
 "\"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:61
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung "
 "đột.\n"
-"Nếu bạn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, sử dụng:\n"
+"Nếu bạn vẫn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, sử dụng:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Nếu không, hãy thử dùng `git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:257
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Nếu không được thì dùng lệnh \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn bỏ qua lần chuyển giao này thì dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Thế thì \"git cherry-pick --continue\" sẽ phục hồi lại việc cherry-pick\n"
+"những lần chuyển giao còn lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tháo dỡ HEAD đối tượng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:299
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "không thể tạo bảng mục lục tạm thời"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:305
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "việc thêm tương tác gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:338 builtin/commit.c:359 builtin/commit.c:409
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới (new_index)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:390
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa "
 "trộn."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:392
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao (commit) bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-"
 "pick."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:402
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "không đọc được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:422
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục tạm thời"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:509 builtin/commit.c:515
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:538
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "đối số --author bị dị hình"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:558
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
-msgstr "Chuỗi thụt lề đầu dòng dị hình: `%s'"
+msgstr "Chuỗi thụt lề đầu dòng dị hình: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:596 builtin/commit.c:629 builtin/commit.c:952
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "không thể tìm kiếm commit (lần chuyển giao) %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:608 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(đang đọc thông điệp nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:610
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "không thể đọc nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:614
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
-msgstr "không đọc được tệp nhật ký `%s'"
+msgstr "không đọc được tệp nhật ký “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:620
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "lần chuyển giao (commit) có ghi chú trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:636
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:640
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "không thể đọc SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:644
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc `%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đọc “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:705
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:716
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3415,7 +4296,7 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:721
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3430,385 +4311,395 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "và thử lại.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:733
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
 "được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng `#' sẽ được bỏ qua, phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy bỏ "
-"lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, nếu phần chú thích rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần "
+"chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn.Những dòng "
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
 "được\n"
-"bắt đầu bằng `#' sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn.\n"
-"Phần chú thích này nếu rỗng sẽ làm hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn thế.\n"
+"Phần chú thích này nếu trống rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:751
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%sTác giả:    %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:758
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%sNgười chuyển giao (commit): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:778
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "không đọc được bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:815
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:830 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "Xin hãy áp dụng thông điệp sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F.\n"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:927
-#, c-format
-msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:942 builtin/commit.c:1142
-#, c-format
-msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
-msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin không bị theo vết không hợp lệ `%s'"
+msgstr "Xin hãy cung cấp lời chú giải hoặc là dùng tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F.\n"
 
 #: builtin/commit.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin không bị theo vết không hợp lệ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "hai tùy chọn -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "Sử dụng cả hai tùy chọn --reset-author và --author không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:993
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "Không có gì để amend (tu bổ) cả."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:996
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:998
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện amend (tu "
 "bổ)."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1001
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "Các tùy chọn --squash và --fixup không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "Chỉ một tùy chọn trong số -c/-C/-F/--fixup được sử dụng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "Tùy chọn -m không thể được tổ hợp cùng với -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1021
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 "--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -C, -c hay --amend."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1038
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 "Chỉ một trong các tùy chọn --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được "
 "sử dụng."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1040
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "Không đường dẫn với các tùy chọn --include/--only không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1042
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
-msgstr "Giỏi...  tu bổ cái cuối với bảng mục lục phi nghĩa."
+msgstr "Giỏi...  tu bổ cái cuối với bảng mục lục bẩn."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 "Những đường dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy chọn -i cũng không -o; đang "
 "giả định --only những-đường-dẫn..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1054 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "Chế độ dọn dẹp không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "Các đường dẫn với tùy chọn -a không hợp lý."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1156 builtin/commit.c:1384
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
 msgid "show status concisely"
 msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở dạng súc tích"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1158 builtin/commit.c:1386
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
 msgid "show branch information"
 msgstr "hiển thị thông tin nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1160 builtin/commit.c:1388 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "machine-readable output"
 msgstr "kết xuất dạng máy-có-thể-đọc"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1163 builtin/commit.c:1390
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở định dạng dài (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
 msgstr "chấm dứt các mục bằng NUL"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1165 builtin/commit.c:1393 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
 msgstr "chế độ"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1166 builtin/commit.c:1393
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi  dấu vết, các chế độ tùy chọn:  all, "
 "normal, no. (Mặc định: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1169
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
 msgid "show ignored files"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin ẩn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1170 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "khi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1171
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
-"bỏ qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun con, tùy chọn khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"bỏ qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun-con, tùy chọn khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Mặc định: all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1173
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các tập-tin chưa được theo dõi trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1242
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao (commit) mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1244
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 "không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1285
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "đã rời khỏi HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1287
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr " (root-commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1354
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
 msgstr "không hiển thị tổng kết sau khi chuyển giao thành công"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1355
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
 msgstr "hiển thị sự khác biệt trong mẫu tin nhắn chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1357
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "Commit message options"
 msgstr "Các tùy chọn ghi chú commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1358 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
 msgstr "đọc chú thích từ tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "author"
 msgstr "tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1359
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "override author for commit"
 msgstr "ghi đè tác giả cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
 msgid "date"
 msgstr "ngày tháng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
 msgid "override date for commit"
 msgstr "ghi đè ngày tháng cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/tag.c:457
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
 msgstr "thông điệp"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1361
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
 msgid "commit message"
 msgstr "chú thích của lần commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1362
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho nhưng có cho sửa chữa"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1363
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
 msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao (commit) đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1364
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng ghi chú có định dạng autosquash để sửa chữa lần chuyển giao đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1365
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
 msgstr ""
 "dùng lời nhắn có định dạng tự động nén để nén lại các lần chuyển giao đã chỉ "
 "ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1366
+#: builtin/commit.c:1464
 msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
 msgstr ""
 "lần chuyển giao nhận tôi là tác giả (được dùng với tùy chọn -C/-c/--amend)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1367 builtin/log.c:1068 builtin/revert.c:109
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
 msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
 msgstr "thêm dòng Signed-off-by:"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1368
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
 msgid "use specified template file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin mẫu đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1369
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
 msgid "force edit of commit"
 msgstr "ép buộc sửa lần commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
 msgid "default"
 msgstr "mặc định"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1370 builtin/tag.c:462
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
 msgstr "làm thế nào để cắt bỏ khoảng trắng và #ghichú từ mẩu tin nhắn"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1371
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
 msgid "include status in commit message template"
 msgstr "bao gồm các trạng thái ghi mẫu ghi chú chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1372 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
 msgid "key id"
 msgstr "id khóa"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1373 builtin/merge.c:214
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
 msgid "GPG sign commit"
 msgstr "ký lần commit dùng GPG"
 
 #. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1376
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
 msgid "Commit contents options"
 msgstr "Các tùy nội dung ghi chú commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1377
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
 msgid "commit all changed files"
 msgstr "chuyển giao tất cả các tập tin có thay đổi"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1378
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
 msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
 msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục để chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1379
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
 msgid "interactively add files"
 msgstr "thêm các tập-tin bằng tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1380
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
 msgid "interactively add changes"
 msgstr "thêm các thay đổi bằng tương tác"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1381
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
 msgid "commit only specified files"
 msgstr "chỉ chuyển giao các tập tin đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1382
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
 msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
 msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) pre-commit"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1383
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
 msgid "show what would be committed"
 msgstr "hiển thị xem cái gì có thể được chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
 msgid "amend previous commit"
 msgstr "tu bổ (amend) lần commit trước"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
 msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
 msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) post-rewrite"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
 msgid "ok to record an empty change"
 msgstr "ok để ghi lại một thay đổi trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1400
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
 msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
 msgstr "ok để ghi các thay đổi với lời nhắn trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1432
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
-msgstr "không thể mở `%s' để đọc"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s” để đọc"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "Tập tin MERGE_HEAD sai hỏng (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1484
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1503
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc thông điệp (message) commit (lần chuyển giao): %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Đang bỏ qua việc chuyển giao (commit); bạn đã không biên soạn thông điệp "
 "(message).\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1522
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Đang bỏ qua lần chuyển giao (commit) bởi vì thông điệp của nó trống rỗng.\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1537 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi đối tượng chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1558
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "không thể khóa HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1562
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1573
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3819,198 +4710,214 @@
 "hay quota (hạn nghạch đĩa cứng) bị vượt quá, và sau đó \"git reset HEAD\" để "
 "khắc phục."
 
-#: builtin/config.c:7
+#: builtin/config.c:8
 msgid "git config [options]"
 msgstr "git config [các-tùy-chọn]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:52
+#: builtin/config.c:54
 msgid "Config file location"
 msgstr "Vị trí tập tin cấu hình"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:53
+#: builtin/config.c:55
 msgid "use global config file"
 msgstr "đặt tập tin cấu hình cần toàn cục"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:54
+#: builtin/config.c:56
 msgid "use system config file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình hệ thống"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:55
+#: builtin/config.c:57
 msgid "use repository config file"
 msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình của kho"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:56
+#: builtin/config.c:58
 msgid "use given config file"
 msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình đã cho"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:57
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "đọc cấu hình từ đối tượng blob đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Hành động"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:58
+#: builtin/config.c:61
 msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy giá-trị: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:59
+#: builtin/config.c:62
 msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy tất cả giá-trị: khóa [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:60
+#: builtin/config.c:63
 msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 msgstr "lấy giá trị cho regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:61
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "lấy đặc tả giá trị cho URL: phần[.biến] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
 msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
 msgstr "thay thế tất cả các biến khớp mẫu: tên giá-trị [value_regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:62
+#: builtin/config.c:66
 msgid "add a new variable: name value"
 msgstr "thêm biến mới: tên giá-trị"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:63
+#: builtin/config.c:67
 msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gỡ bỏ biến: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:64
+#: builtin/config.c:68
 msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr "gỡ bỏ mọi cái khớp: tên [value-regex]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:65
+#: builtin/config.c:69
 msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
 msgstr "đổi tên chương: tên-cũ tên-mới"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:66
+#: builtin/config.c:70
 msgid "remove a section: name"
 msgstr "gỡ bỏ chương: tên"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:67
+#: builtin/config.c:71
 msgid "list all"
 msgstr "liệt kê tất"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:68
+#: builtin/config.c:72
 msgid "open an editor"
 msgstr "mở một trình biên soạn"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69 builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "slot"
 msgstr "khe"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:69
+#: builtin/config.c:73
 msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
 msgstr "tìm cấu hình màu sắc: [mặc định]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:70
+#: builtin/config.c:74
 msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
 msgstr "tìm các cài đặt về màu sắc: [stdout-là-tty]"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:71
+#: builtin/config.c:75
 msgid "Type"
 msgstr "Kiểu"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:72
+#: builtin/config.c:76
 msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
 msgstr "giá trị là \"true\" hoặc \"false\""
 
-#: builtin/config.c:73
+#: builtin/config.c:77
 msgid "value is decimal number"
 msgstr "giá trị ở dạng số thập phân"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:74
+#: builtin/config.c:78
 msgid "value is --bool or --int"
 msgstr "giá trị là --bool hoặc --int"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:75
+#: builtin/config.c:79
 msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
 msgstr "giá trị là đường dẫn (tên tập tin hay thư mục)"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:76
+#: builtin/config.c:80
 msgid "Other"
 msgstr "Khác"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:77
+#: builtin/config.c:81
 msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
 msgstr "chấm dứt giá trị với byte NUL"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:78
+#: builtin/config.c:82
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
 msgstr "tôn trọng kể cà các hướng trong tìm kiếm"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr "git count-objects [-v]"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] <committish>*"
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho người đọc"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
 msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] --dirty"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "thẻ đã được ghi chú %s không sẵn để dùng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "thẻ được chú giải %s không có tên nhúng"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
-msgstr "thẻ `%s' đã thực sự ở đây `%s' rồi"
+msgstr "thẻ “%s” đã thực sự ở đây “%s” rồi"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng %s hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
-msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng `%s' hợp lệ"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng “%s” hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
-msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với `%s'"
+msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang tìm kiếm để mô tả %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "việc tìm kiếm đã kết thúc tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là `%s'.\n"
+"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là “%s”.\n"
 "Tuy nhiên, ở đây có những thẻ không được chú giải: hãy thử --tags."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả `%s'.\n"
+"Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả “%s”.\n"
 "Hãy thử --always, hoặt tạo một số thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "đã xuyên %lu qua lần chuyển giao (commit)\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -4019,133 +4926,132 @@
 "tìm thấy nhiều hơn %i thẻ (tag); đã liệt kê %i gần đây nhất\n"
 "bỏ đi tìm kiếm tại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
 msgstr "tìm các thẻ mà nó đến trước lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
+#: builtin/describe.c:410
 msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
 msgstr "chiến lược tìm kiếm trên đầu ra lỗi chuẩn stderr"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "dùng ref bất kỳ"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "dùng thẻ bất kỳ, cả khi “unannotated”"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
 msgid "always use long format"
 msgstr "luôn dùng định dạng dài"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:410
+#: builtin/describe.c:414
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "chỉ theo cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:417
 msgid "only output exact matches"
 msgstr "chỉ xuất những gì khớp chính xác"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:412
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
 msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
 msgstr "coi như  <n> thẻ gần đây nhất (mặc định: 10)"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:414
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
 msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "chỉ cân nhắc đến những thẻ khớp với  <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
 msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
 msgstr "hiển thị đối tượng chuyển giao vắn tắt như là fallback"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:417
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
 msgstr "dấu"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
 msgstr "thêm <dấu> trên cây thư mục làm việc bẩn (mặc định \"-dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long là xung khắc với tùy chọn --abbrev=0"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy chọn dành cho chuyển giao (commit)"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy chọn commit-ish"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
-msgstr "`%s': không phải tập tin bình thường hay liên kết tượng trưng"
+msgstr "“%s”: không phải tập tin bình thường hay liên kết mềm"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
-msgstr "tùy chọn sai: %s"
+msgstr "tùy chọn không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "Không phải là kho git"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
-msgstr "đối tượng đã cho `%s' không hợp lệ."
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhiều hơn %d cây (tree): `%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng đã cho “%s” không hợp lệ."
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "đã cho nhiều hơn hai đối tượng blob: `%s'"
+msgstr "đã cho nhiều hơn hai đối tượng blob: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
-msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ `%s'."
+msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s”."
 
 #: builtin/fast-export.c:22
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
 msgstr "hiển thị tiến triển sau <n> đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
 msgstr "chọn điều khiển của thẻ đã ký"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
 msgstr "chọn sự xử lý của các thẻ, cái mà đánh thẻ các đối tượng được lọc ra"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
 msgstr "Đổ các đánh dấu này vào tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
 msgstr "nhập vào đánh dấu từ tập tin này"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
 msgstr "Làm giả một cái thẻ khi thẻ bị thiếu một cái"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
 msgstr "Xuất ra toàn bộ cây cho mỗi lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
 msgstr "Sử dụng tính năng done để chấm dứt luồng dữ liệu"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
 msgstr "Bỏ qua kết xuất của dữ liệu blob"
 
@@ -4165,201 +5071,205 @@
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
 msgstr "git fetch --all [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:60
+#: builtin/fetch.c:74
 msgid "fetch from all remotes"
-msgstr "fetch từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+msgstr "lấy về từ tất cả các máy chủ"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:62
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
 msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
 msgstr "nối thêm vào .git/FETCH_HEAD thay vì ghi đè lên nó"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:64
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
 msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
 msgstr "đường dẫn đến gói (pack) tải lên trên máy chủ cuối"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:65
+#: builtin/fetch.c:79
 msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
 msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên nhánh nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:67
+#: builtin/fetch.c:81
 msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
-msgstr "fetch từ nhiều máy chủ cùng lúc"
+msgstr "lấy từ nhiều máy chủ cùng lúc"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:69
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
 msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
-msgstr "lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:71
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
 msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
-msgstr "không lấy (fetch) tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "không lấy tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:73
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
 msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
 msgstr ""
-"cắt cụt (prune) các nhánh `remote-tracking' không còn tồn tại trên máy chủ "
+"cắt cụt (prune) các nhánh “remote-tracking” không còn tồn tại trên máy chủ "
 "nữa"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:74
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
 msgid "on-demand"
 msgstr "khi-cần"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:75
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
 msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
-msgstr "điều khiển việc lấy về (fetch) đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
+msgstr "điều khiển việc lấy về đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:79
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
 msgid "keep downloaded pack"
 msgstr "giữ các gói đã tải về"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:81
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
 msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
-msgstr "cho phép cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
+msgstr "cho phép cập nhật th.chiếu HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:84
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
 msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
 msgstr "làm sâu hơn lịch sử của bản sao"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "chuyển đổi hoàn toàn sang kho git"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "dir"
 msgstr "tmục"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
 msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
 msgstr "soạn sẵn cái này cho kết xuất đường dẫn mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
 msgid "default mode for recursion"
 msgstr "chế độ mặc định cho đệ qui"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy máy chủ cho tham chiếu HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[đã cập nhật]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy) về nhánh hiện hành)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[Bị từ chối]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[cập nhật thẻ]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[thẻ mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[nhánh mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[ref (tham chiếu) mới]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "không thể cập nhật tham chiếu (ref) nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "cưỡng bức cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(non-fast-forward)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "Từ %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 "một số tham chiếu (refs) nội bộ không thể được cập nhật; hãy thử chạy\n"
-" `git remote prune %s' để bỏ đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
+" “git remote prune %s” để bỏ đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr "   (%s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[đã xóa]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(không)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 "Từ chối việc lấy (fetch) vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không "
 "phải kho trần (bare)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:709
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy về (fetch) từ %s"
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" có giá trị \"%s\" là không hợp lệ cho %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" bị bỏ qua với %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:891
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy về từ %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
-msgstr "Đang lấy (fetch) %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang lấy về %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:893 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
-msgstr "không thể fetch (lấy) %s"
+msgstr "không thể lấy về %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:912
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
@@ -4367,24 +5277,32 @@
 "Chưa chỉ ra kho chứa máy chủ.  Xin hãy chỉ định hoặc là URL hoặc\n"
 "tên máy chủ từ cái mà những điểm xét duyệt mới có thể được fetch (lấy về)."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:932
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "Bạn phải định rõ tên thẻ."
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:984
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "tùy chọn --depth và --unshallow không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow trên kho hoàn chỉnh là không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không lấy đối số kho chứa"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:986
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không hợp lý với refspecs"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:997
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "không có nhóm máy chủ hay máy chủ như thế: %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1005
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr "Việc lấy về cả một nhóm và chỉ định refspecs không hợp lý"
 
@@ -4393,143 +5311,147 @@
 msgstr ""
 "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <thông điệp>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <tập-tin>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:787
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:192
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
 msgid "n"
 msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
-msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh `shortlog'"
+msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh “shortlog”"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
 msgstr "bí danh cho --log (không được dùng)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
 msgstr "văn bản"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr "dùng <văn bản thường> để bắt đầu ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr "tập tin để đọc dữ liệu từ đó"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
 msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
 msgstr "git for-each-ref [các-tùy-chọn] [<mẫu>]"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
 msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho hệ vỏ (shell)"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
 msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho perl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
 msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho python"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
 msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho tcl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
 msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
 msgstr "hiển thị chỉ <n> tham chiếu khớp"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format"
 msgstr "định dạng"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format to use for the output"
 msgstr "định dạng sẽ dùng cho đầu ra"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
 msgid "key"
 msgstr "khóa"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
 msgid "field name to sort on"
 msgstr "tên trường cần sắp xếp"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
 msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git fsck [các-tùy-chọn] [<đối-tượng>...]"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
 msgid "show unreachable objects"
 msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
 msgid "show dangling objects"
 msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không được quản lý"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
 msgid "report tags"
 msgstr "báo cáo các thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:617
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
 msgid "report root nodes"
 msgstr "báo cáo node gốc"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+#: builtin/fsck.c:617
 msgid "make index objects head nodes"
-msgstr "tạo ` index objects head nodes'"
+msgstr "tạo “ index objects head nodes”"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:619
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
 msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
 msgstr "tạo  reflogs head nodes (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:620
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619
 msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
 msgstr "cũng cân nhắc đến các đối tượng gói và thay thế"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:621
+#: builtin/fsck.c:620
 msgid "enable more strict checking"
 msgstr "cho phép kiểm tra hạn chế hơn"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
 msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
 msgstr "ghi các đối tượng không được quản lý trong .git/lost-found"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
 msgid "show progress"
 msgstr "hiển thị quá trình"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:22
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
 msgid "git gc [options]"
 msgstr "git gc [các-tùy-chọn]"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
-msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: `%s'"
+msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "thư mục đối tượng dài một cách điên rồ  %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:179
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
 msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
 msgstr "xóa bỏ các đối tượng không được tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:181
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
 msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
 msgstr "cẩn thận hơn nữa (tăng thời gian chạy)"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:182
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
 msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
 msgstr "bật chế độ auto-gc"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:222
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "buộc gc chạy ngay cả khi có tiến trình gc khác đang chạy"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -4539,244 +5461,252 @@
 "chạy lệnh \"git gc\" một cách thủ công. Hãy xem \"git help gc\" để biết thêm "
 "chi tiết.\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:249
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc đang được thực hiện trên máy “%s” pid %<PRIuMAX> (dùng --force nếu không "
+"phải thế)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
-"Có quá nhiều đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh `git prune' "
+"Có quá nhiều đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh “git prune” "
 "để xóa bỏ chúng đi."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:22
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
 msgstr "git grep [các-tùy-chọn] [-e] <mẫu> [<rev>...] [[--] <đường-dẫn>...]"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:217
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep: gặp lỗi tạo tuyến (thread): %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:455
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi với lệnh chdir: %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:531 builtin/grep.c:565
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "không thể đọc cây (%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:579
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "không thể thực hiện lệnh grep (lọc tìm) từ đối tượng thuộc kiểu %s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:637
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
-msgstr "chuyển đến `%c' mong chờ một giá trị bằng số"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “%c” cần một giá trị bằng số"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:654
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
-msgstr "không mở được `%s'"
+msgstr "không mở được “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:729
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr "tìm trong bảng mục lục thay vì trong cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:731
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
 msgstr "tìm trong nội dung không được quản lý bởi git"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:733
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
 msgstr "tìm kiếm các tập tin được và chưa được theo dõi dấu vết"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:735
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
 msgstr "tìm cả trong các tập tin đã bị lờ đi"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:738
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
 msgid "show non-matching lines"
 msgstr "hiển thị  những dòng không khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:740
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
 msgid "case insensitive matching"
 msgstr "phân biệt chữ hoa/thường"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:742
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
 msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
 msgstr "chỉ khớp mẫu tại đường ranh giới từ"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:744
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
 msgid "process binary files as text"
 msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân như là dạng văn bản thường"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:746
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
 msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
 msgstr "không khớp mẫu trong các tập tin nhị phân"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:749
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân với các bộ lọc `textconv`"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
 msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
 msgstr "giảm xuống ít nhất mức <sâu>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:753
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
 msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
 msgstr "dùng biểu thức chính qui POSIX có mở rộng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:756
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
 msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
 msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy kiểu POSIX (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:759
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
 msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
 msgstr "diễn dịch các mẫu như là chuỗi cố định"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:762
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
 msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
 msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy tương thích Perl"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:765
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
 msgid "show line numbers"
 msgstr "hiển thị số của dòng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:766
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
 msgid "don't show filenames"
 msgstr "không hiển thị tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:767
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
 msgid "show filenames"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:769
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
 msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
 msgstr "hiển thị tên tập tin tương đối với thư mục đỉnh (top)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:771
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
 msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên tập tin thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:773
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
 msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
 msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --files-with-matches"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:776
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
 msgid "show only the names of files without match"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên cho những tập tin không khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:778
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
 msgid "print NUL after filenames"
 msgstr "thêm NUL vào sau tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:780
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
 msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
 msgstr "hiển thị số lượng khớp thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:781
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
 msgid "highlight matches"
 msgstr "tô sáng cái khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:783
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
 msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
 msgstr "hiển thị dòng trống giữa các lần khớp từ các tập tin khác biệt"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:785
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
 msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị tên tập tin một lần phía trên các lần khớp từ cùng một tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:788
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
 msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung phía trước và sau các lần khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:791
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
 msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung trước khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:793
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
 msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung sau khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:794
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
 msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
 msgstr "Dạng tắt cho -C SỐ"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:797
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
 msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
 msgstr "hiển thị dòng vói tên hàm trước các lần khớp"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:799
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
 msgid "show the surrounding function"
 msgstr "hiển thị hàm bao quanh"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:802
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
 msgid "read patterns from file"
 msgstr "đọc mẫu từ tập-tin"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:804
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
 msgid "match <pattern>"
 msgstr "match <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:806
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
 msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
 msgstr "tổ hợp mẫu được chỉ ra với tùy chọn -e"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:818
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
 msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
 msgstr "đưa ra gợi ý với trạng thái thoát mà không có kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:820
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
 msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những cái khớp từ tập tin mà nó khớp toàn bộ các mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
 msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
-msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức `grep' (tìm kiếm)"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức “grep” (tìm kiếm)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "pager"
 msgstr "trang giấy"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khớp trong trang giấy"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:829
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
 msgstr "cho phép gọi grep(1) (bị bỏ qua bởi lần dịch này)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:830 builtin/show-ref.c:201
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
 msgid "show usage"
 msgstr "hiển thị cách dùng"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:921
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "chưa chỉ ra mẫu."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:935
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:976
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager chỉ làm việc trên cây-làm-việc"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:999
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached hay --untracked không được sử dụng với --no-index."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1004
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 "--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn liên "
 "quan đến revs."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1007
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard không thể sử dụng cho nội dung lưu dấu vết."
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1015
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "cả hai --cached và các cây phải được chỉ ra."
 
@@ -4816,368 +5746,400 @@
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
 msgstr "xử lý tập tin như là nó đang ở thư mục này"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:43
+#: builtin/help.c:41
 msgid "print all available commands"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các câu lệnh người dùng có thể sử dụng"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:44
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các hướng dẫn hữu dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
 msgid "show man page"
 msgstr "hiển thị trang man"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:45
+#: builtin/help.c:44
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
 msgstr "hiển thị hướng dẫn sử dụng trong trình duyệt web"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
 msgstr "hiện trang info"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [lệnh]"
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [lệnh]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
-msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp `%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "Lỗi khởi chạy emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích phiên bản emacsclient."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
-msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient `%d' quá cũ (< 22)."
+msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient “%d” quá cũ (< 22)."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi `%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi “%s”: %s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"`%s': đường dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
-"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng 'man.<tool>.cmd' để thay thế."
+"“%s”: đường dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.cmd” để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
 "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"`%s': cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
-"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng 'man.<tool>.path' để thay thế."
+"“%s”: cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.path” để thay thế."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được sử dụng nhất là:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
-msgstr "`%s': không rõ chương trình xem man."
+msgstr "“%s”: không rõ chương trình xem man."
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng manpage tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng info tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa các thuộc tính cho mỗi đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Thuật ngữ chuyên môn Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Chỉ định các tập tin không cần theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa thuộc tính mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Chỉ định điểm xét duyệt và vùng cho Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Hướng dẫn cách dùng Git ở mức cơ bản (bản 1.5.1 hay mới hơn)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Tổng quan về luồng công việc khuyến nghị nên dùng với Git."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Các chỉ dẫn chung về cách dùng Git là:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
-msgstr "cách sử dụng: %s%s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
-msgstr "`git %s' được đặt bí danh thành `%s'"
+msgstr "“git %s” được đặt bí danh thành “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không khớp tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "đối tượng của kiểu không mong đợi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "không thể điền vào %d byte"
 msgstr[1] "không thể điền vào %d byte"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "vừa đúng lúc EOF"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "lỗi đọc ở đầu vào"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "sử dụng nhiều hơn số lượng byte mà nó sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "pack quá lớn so với định nghĩa hiện tại của kiểu off_t"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở packfile `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở packfile “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "chữ ký cho pack không khớp"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
 msgstr "không hỗ trợ phiên bản pack %<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "pack có đối tượng sai khoảng bù (offset) %lu: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "xả nén trả về %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "tràn giá trị khoảng bù cho đối tượng delta cơ sở"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "khoảng bù cơ sở cho delta nằm ngoài phạm vi"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "không hiểu kiểu đối tượng %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "không thể chạy hàm pread cho tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 msgstr[1] "tập tin pack bị kết thúc sớm, %lu byte bị thiếu"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "sự mâu thuẫn xả nén nghiêm trọng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "SỰ VA CHẠM SHA1 ĐÃ XẢY RA VỚI %s!"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
 msgstr "đối tượng blob không hợp lệ %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "%s không hợp lệ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "Lỗi trong đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "Không phải tất cả các đối tượng con của %s là có thể với tới được"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "gặp lỗi khi áp dụng delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "Đang nhận về các đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "Các đối tượng bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "pack bị sai hỏng (SHA1 không khớp)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "không thể fstat packfile"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "pack có phần thừa ở cuối"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ khi chạy hàm parse_pack_objects()"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "Đang phân giải các delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "không thể tạo tuyến: %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
 msgstr "đầy đủ với %d đối tượng nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
 msgstr "Tổng kiểm tra tail không như mong đợi cho %s (đĩa hỏng?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 msgstr[1] "pack có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
-msgstr "không thể xả đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
+msgstr "không thể xả nén đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "đối tượng nội bộ %s bị hỏng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin pack"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin gói (pack)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu tập tin pack"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "không thể lưu trữ tập tin ghi mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 msgstr "sai pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
 msgstr "số tuyến chỉ ra không hợp lệ (%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
 msgstr "không hỗ trợ đa tuyến, bỏ qua %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin pack đã sẵn có `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin pack đã sẵn có “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin 'pack idx' cho `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin “pack idx” cho “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "chiều dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 msgstr[1] "chiều dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "Không thể quay lại cwd"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "%s sai"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin không thể được dùng mà không có --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
-msgstr "tên tập tin packfile `%s' không được kết thúc bằng đuôi '.pack'"
+msgstr "tên tập tin packfile “%s” không được kết thúc bằng đuôi “.pack”"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "dùng tùy chọn --verify mà không đưa ra tên packfile"
 
@@ -5194,22 +6156,22 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:67
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái (stat) về `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy trạng thái (stat) về “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:73
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể stat (lấy trạng thái về) mẫu `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể stat (lấy trạng thái về) mẫu “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể opendir `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể opendir “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:97
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể readlink `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể readlink “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:99
 #, c-format
@@ -5219,7 +6181,7 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:102
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) `%s' `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết tượng trưng (symlink) “%s” “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:106
 #, c-format
@@ -5244,7 +6206,7 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
-msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu của phiên bản sai định dạng %d từ `%s'"
+msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu của phiên bản sai định dạng %d từ “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:192
 #, c-format
@@ -5266,11 +6228,6 @@
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "không di chuyển được %s vào %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:363
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git `%s'"
-
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
@@ -5299,8 +6256,8 @@
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:467
 msgid ""
-"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
-"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
 msgstr ""
 "git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<thư-mục-tạm>] [--shared[=<các-"
 "quyền>]] [thư-mục]"
@@ -5313,7 +6270,7 @@
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
 msgstr "chỉ ra cái mà kho git được chia sẻ giữa nhiều người dùng"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
 msgid "be quiet"
 msgstr "im lặng"
 
@@ -5343,240 +6300,257 @@
 #: builtin/init-db.c:586
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kể-từ>..<cho-đến>] [[--] <đường-dẫn>...]\n"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<vùng xem xét>] [[--] <đường-dẫn>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
-msgstr "   or: git show [các-tùy-chọn] <đối-tượng>..."
+msgstr "  hay: git show [các-tùy-chọn] <đối-tượng>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "suppress diff output"
 msgstr "chặn mọi kết xuất từ diff"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
+#: builtin/log.c:126
 msgid "show source"
 msgstr "hiển thị mã nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tập tin ánh xạ thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
 msgid "decorate options"
 msgstr "các tùy chọn trang trí"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:231
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "Kết xuất cuối cùng: %d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "Không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:589
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "Không nhận ra kiểu: %d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers không có giá trị cụ thể"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:771
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "tên của thư mục kết xuất quá dài"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin miếng vá: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:801
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "Cần chính xác một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:809
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "Không phải là một vùng."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:911
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
-msgstr "'Cover letter' cần cho định dạng thư"
+msgstr "”Cover letter” cần cho định dạng thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "in-reply-to điên rồ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:890
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
 msgstr "git format-patch [các-tùy-chọn] [<kể-từ> | <vùng-xem-xét>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "Hai thư mục kết xuất?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1063
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
 msgstr "dùng [PATCH n/m] ngay cả với miếng vá đơn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1066
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
 msgstr "dùng [VÁ] ngay cả với các miếng vá phức tạp"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1070
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
 msgstr "hiển thị miếng vá ra đầu ra chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1072
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
 msgstr "tạo bì thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1074
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
 msgstr "sử dụng chỗi dãy số dạng đơn giản cho tên tập-tin xuất ra"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "sfx"
 msgstr "sfx"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1076
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
-msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho '.patch'"
+msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho “.patch”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1078
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
 msgstr "bắt đầu đánh số miếng vá từ <n> thay vì 1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "đánh dấu chuỗi nối tiếp dạng thứ-N re-roll"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
 msgstr "Dùng [<tiền-tố>] thay cho [VÁ]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
 msgstr "lưu các tập tin kết quả trong <t.mục>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1086
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr "không strip/add [VÁ]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1089
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr "không kết xuất diff (những khác biệt) nhị phân"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
 msgstr "không bao gồm miếng vá khớp với một lần chuyển giao thượng nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1093
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
 msgstr "hiển thị định dạng miếng vá thay vì mặc định (miếng vá + thống kê)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1095
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "Messaging"
 msgstr "Lời nhắn"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
 msgid "header"
 msgstr "đầu đề thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1097
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "add email header"
 msgstr "thêm đầu đề thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098 builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "email"
 msgstr "thư điện tử"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add To: header"
 msgstr "thêm To: đầu đề thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "add Cc: header"
 msgstr "thêm Cc: đầu đề thư"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "thụt lề"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"đặt “Địa chỉ gửi” thành <thụ lề> (hoặc thụt lề người commit nếu bỏ quên)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
 msgid "message-id"
 msgstr "message-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
 msgstr "dùng thư đầu tiên để trả lời <message-id>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1104 builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
 msgid "boundary"
 msgstr "ranh giới"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
 msgid "attach the patch"
 msgstr "đính kèm miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
 msgid "inline the patch"
 msgstr "dùng miếng vá làm nội dung"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
-msgstr "cho phép luồng lời nhắn, kiểu: `shallow', `deep'"
+msgstr "cho phép luồng lời nhắn, kiểu: “shallow”, “deep”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1114
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
 msgid "signature"
 msgstr "chữ ký"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1115
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
 msgid "add a signature"
 msgstr "thêm chữ ký"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
 msgstr "không hiển thị các tên tập tin của miếng vá"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "thông tin người chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "dòng thụt lề không hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n và  -k loại từ lẫn nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix và -k xung khắc nhau."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1214
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check không hợp lý"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "đầu ra chuẩn, hay thư mục, chọn cái nào?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo các tập tin kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1443
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
 msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<thượng-nguồn> [<head> [<giới-hạn>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
@@ -5584,139 +6558,139 @@
 "Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng bị theo vết, hãy chỉ định <thượng-nguồn> một cách "
 "thủ công.\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao (commit) %s"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:408
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-files [các-tùy-chọn] [<tập-tin>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
 msgid "identify the file status with tags"
 msgstr "nhận dạng các trạng thái tập tin với thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
 msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
 msgstr ""
-"dùng chữ cái viết thường cho các tập tin 'assume unchanged' (giả định không "
+"dùng chữ cái viết thường cho các tập tin “assume unchanged” (giả định không "
 "thay đổi)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
 msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin được nhớ tạm vào đầu ra (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
 msgid "show deleted files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã xóa trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:463
 msgid "show modified files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã bị sửa đổi ra kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:465
 msgid "show other files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khác trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:467
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin bị bỏ qua trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị tên đối tượng của nội dung được lưu trạng thái ở kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
 msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin trên hệ thống tập tin mà nó cần được gỡ bỏ"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
 msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
-msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục 'khác'"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục “khác”"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
 msgid "don't show empty directories"
 msgstr "không hiển thị thư mục rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:480
 msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin chưa hòa trộn trong kết xuất"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:482
 msgid "show resolve-undo information"
 msgstr "hiển thị thông tin resolve-undo"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
 msgid "skip files matching pattern"
 msgstr "bỏ qua những tập tin khớp với một mẫu"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
 msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
 msgstr "mẫu loại trừ được đọc từ <tập tin>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:490
 msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
 msgstr "đọc thêm các mẫu ngoại trừ mỗi thư mục trong <tập tin>"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:492
 msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
 msgstr "thêm loại trừ tiêu chuẩn kiểu git"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:495
 msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
 msgstr "làm cho kết xuất liên quan đến thư mục ở mức cao nhất (gốc) của dự án"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:498
 msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
 msgstr "nếu <tập tin> bất kỳ không ở trong bảng mục lục, xử lý nó như một lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
 msgid "tree-ish"
 msgstr "tree-ish"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:500
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
 msgstr ""
 "giả định rằng các đường dẫn đã bị gỡ bỏ kể từ <tree-ish> nay vẫn hiện diện"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "show debugging data"
 msgstr "hiển thị dữ liệu gỡ lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr "git ls-tree [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tree-ish> [<đường-dẫn>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
 msgid "only show trees"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tree"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
 msgstr "đệ quy vào các thư mục con"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
 msgstr "hiển thị cây khi đệ quy"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
 msgstr "chấm dứt mục tin với byte NUL"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
 msgid "include object size"
 msgstr "gồm cả kích thước đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
 msgid "list only filenames"
 msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
 msgid "use full path names"
 msgstr "dùng tên đường dẫn đầy đủ"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
 msgstr "liệt kê cây mục tin; không chỉ thư mục hiện hành (ngụ ý --full-name)"
 
@@ -5732,235 +6706,231 @@
 msgid "git merge --abort"
 msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
-msgstr "switch `m' yêu cầu một giá trị"
+msgstr "switch “m” yêu cầu một giá trị"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
-msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn `%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn “%s”.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "Các chiến lược sẵn sàng là:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "Các chiến lược tùy chỉnh sẵn sàng là:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
+#: builtin/merge.c:198
 msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "không hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của lần hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
 msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
 msgstr "hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
 msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
 msgstr "(đồng nghĩa với --stat)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
 msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
 msgstr "thêm (ít nhất <n>) mục từ shortlog cho ghi chú chuyển giao hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
 msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
 msgstr "tạo một lần chuyển giao (commit) đưon thay vì thực hiện việc hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
 msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
 msgstr "thực hiện chuyển giao nếu hòa trộn thành công (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
+#: builtin/merge.c:211
 msgid "edit message before committing"
 msgstr "sửa chú thích trước khi chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:198
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
 msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
 msgstr "cho phép fast-forward (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
 msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
 msgstr "bỏ qua nếu fast-forward không thể được"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:870 builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "strategy"
 msgstr "chiến lược"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
 msgid "merge strategy to use"
 msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn sẽ dùng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:204
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
 msgid "option=value"
 msgstr "tùy_chọn=giá_trị"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
 msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
 msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn đã chọn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:207
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
 msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
 msgstr ""
 "hòa trộn ghi chú của lần chuyển giao (dành cho hòa trộn non-fast-forward)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:211
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
 msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
 msgstr "bãi bỏ quá trình hòa trộn hiện tại đang thực hiện"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "không thể chạy stash."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "stash gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "không phải là một đối tượng hợp lệ: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "read-tree gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (không có gì để squash)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Squash commit -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Đang ghi SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "Hoàn thành SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "Không thông điệp hòa trộn -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
-msgstr "`%s' không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
+msgstr "“%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) nào cả"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "Chuỗi branch.%s.mergeoptions sai: %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "lệnh git write-tree gặp lỗi khi ghi một cây"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc bộ nhớ tạm"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "Không cầm nắm gì ngoài hai head hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu tùy chọn cho merge-recursive: -X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "không thể ghi %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc từ `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc từ “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao (commit); sử dụng lệnh `git commit' để "
+"Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao (commit); sử dụng lệnh “git commit” để "
 "hoàn tất việc hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần "
 "thiết,\n"
-"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn thượng nguồn đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
+"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn ngược dòng đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
 "topic.\n"
 "\n"
-"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
 "rỗng\n"
-"sẽ làm hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
+"sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao (commit).\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "Chú thích của lần commit (chuyển giao) bị trống rỗng."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "Thần kỳ.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao "
 "(commit) kết quả.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "%s không phải là một lần commit (chuyển giao)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "không phải nhánh hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "Không có máy chủ cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr "Không nhánh mạng theo vết cho %s từ %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 "Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy bỏ giữa chừng cả (thiếu MERGE_HEAD)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5968,11 +6938,11 @@
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5980,85 +6950,108 @@
 "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
 "Hãy chuyển giao (commit) các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --squash với --no-ff."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 "Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao (commit) và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được "
 "đặt."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 "Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao (commit) vào một "
 "head rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "Squash commit vào một head trống rỗng vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 "Chuyển giao (commit) không-fast-forward không hợp lý ở trong một head trống "
 "rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG không đáng tin, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG sai, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao (commit) %s không có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG tốt bởi %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "Đang cập nhật %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
-msgstr "Đang thử hòa trộn kiểu 'trivial in-index'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang thử hòa trộn kiểu “trivial in-index”...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "Không.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "Thực hiện lệnh fast-forward là không thể được, đang bỏ qua."
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "Đang tua lại cây thành thời xa xưa...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "Đang thử chiến lược hòa trộn %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "Không có chiến lược hòa trộn nào được nắm giữ (handle) sự hòa trộn.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "Hòa trộn với chiến lược %s gặp lỗi.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "Sử dụng %s để chuẩn bị giải quyết bằng tay.\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
@@ -6091,7 +7084,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:100
 msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
-msgstr "liệt kê các 'rev' mà nó không thể đọc được từ cái khác"
+msgstr "liệt kê các “rev” mà nó không thể đọc được từ cái khác"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:102
 msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
@@ -6153,122 +7146,137 @@
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
 msgstr "cho phép tạo nhiều hơn một cây"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:14
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
 msgstr "git mv [các-tùy-chọn] <nguồn>... <đích>"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:64
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
 msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
 msgstr "ép buộc di chuyển hay đổi tên thậm chí cả khi đích đã tồn tại"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:65
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
 msgid "skip move/rename errors"
 msgstr "bỏ qua các lỗi liên quan đến di chuyển, đổi tên"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
-msgstr "Đang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của `%s' thành `%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của “%s” thành “%s”\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr "nguồn sai"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr "không thể di chuyển một thư mục vào trong chính nó được"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr "không di chuyển được thư mục thông qua tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Hả? Thư mục “%s” trong chỉ mục và không mô-đun con?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy lưu các thay đổi của bạn vào “.gitmodules” hay ghi vào vùng nhớ tạm "
+"(stash) chúng để xử lý"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
 msgstr "Hả? %.*s trong bảng mục lục à?"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr "thư mục nguồn là trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr "không nằm dưới sự quản lý mã nguồn"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr "đích đã tồn tại sẵn rồi"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
-msgstr "đang ghi đè lên `%s'"
+msgstr "đang ghi đè lên “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi đè"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr "Nhiều nguồn cho cùng một đích"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr "%s, nguồn=%s, đích=%s"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "Đổi tên %s thành %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "đổi tên %s gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] <commit>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
 msgstr "git name-rev [các-tùy-chọn] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên (không SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
 msgstr "chỉ dùng các thẻ để đặt tên cho các lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
 msgstr "chỉ sử dụng các tham chiếu (refs) khớp với <mẫu>"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
 msgstr ""
 "liệt kê tất cả các lần chuyển giao có thể đọc được từ tất cả các tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
 msgstr "đọc từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
-msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
-msgstr "cho phép hiển thị các tên `chưa định nghĩa'"
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép in các tên “chưa định nghĩa” (mặc định)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:26
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ tham chiếu các thẻ trong đầu vào (dùng nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<đối-tượng>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6276,11 +7284,11 @@
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | "
 "-C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:28
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:29
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
@@ -6288,332 +7296,304 @@
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F <tập-tin> | (-c | -"
 "C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:30
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:31
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:32
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <chiến-lược> ] <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:33
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:34
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:35
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<đối-tượng>...]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:36
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:37
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:42
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
 msgstr "git notes [list [<đối tượng>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:47
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes add [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:52
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
 msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
 msgstr "git notes copy [<các-tùy-chọn>] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:53
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
 msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:58
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes append [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:63
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes edit [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:68
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes show [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:73
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
 msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
 msgstr "git notes merge [<các-tùy-chọn>] <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:74
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
 msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:75
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:80
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
 msgstr "git notes remove [<đối tượng>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:85
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
 msgstr "git notes prune [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:90
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
 msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:142
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể khởi chạy 'show' cho đối tượng `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể khởi chạy “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:148
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "không thể fdopen 'show' (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "không thể đọc kết xuất “show”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đường ống cho lệnh 'show' cho đối tượng `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:161
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành `show' cho đối tượng `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:178 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:192
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 "Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:213 builtin/notes.c:976
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ ghi chú (note) cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:218
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "không thể ghi đối tượng ghi chú (note)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:220
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:254 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể đọc `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:256 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể mở để đọc hay ghi `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275 builtin/notes.c:448 builtin/notes.c:450
-#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:564 builtin/notes.c:647
-#: builtin/notes.c:652 builtin/notes.c:727 builtin/notes.c:769
-#: builtin/notes.c:971 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi giải quyết `%s' như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một tham chiếu (ref) hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:278
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc đối tượng `%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc đối tượng “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:302
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr ""
-"Không thể chuyển giao (commit) chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham chiếu "
-"cây ghi chú"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:343
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:353
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài của refs/notes/)"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:380
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: `%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:444
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
-msgstr "Dòng nhập vào dị hình: `%s'."
+msgstr "Dòng đầu vào dị hình: “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:459
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ `%s' tới `%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ “%s” tới “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:503 builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/notes.c:630
-#: builtin/notes.c:642 builtin/notes.c:715 builtin/notes.c:762
-#: builtin/notes.c:1036
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:516 builtin/notes.c:775
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "không tìm thấy ghi chú cho đối tượng %s."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một chuỗi"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một tập tin"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:700
-#: builtin/notes.c:703 builtin/tag.c:476
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
 msgstr "đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
 msgstr "dùng lại nhưng có sửa chữa đối tượng note đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:547 builtin/notes.c:704
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
 msgstr "dùng lại đối tượng ghi chú (note) đã chỉ ra"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:549 builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
 msgstr "thay thế ghi chú trước"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:583
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Không thể thêm các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối tượng "
-"%s. Sử dụng tùy chọn '-f' để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+"%s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:588 builtin/notes.c:665
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang ghi đè lên ghi chú cũ cho đối tượng %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:618
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
 msgstr "đọc các đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:620
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
 msgstr "tải cấu hình chép lại cho <lệnh> (ngầm định là --stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:638
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "quá ít đối số"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:659
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 "Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối "
-"tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn '-f' để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+"tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:671
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "Thiếu ghi chú trên đối tượng nguốn %s. Không thể sao chép."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:720
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"Các tùy chọn -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con `edit'.\n"
-"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: `git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+"Các tùy chọn -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con “edit”.\n"
+"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: “git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C”.\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:867
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:869
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn về hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:871
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
 msgstr ""
-"phân giải các xung đột `notes' sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
+"phân giải các xung đột “notes” sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
 "theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:873
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr "Chuyển giao các note chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:875
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
 msgstr ""
 "các note cuối cùng được hòa trộn bởi các note chưa hòa trộn của lần chuyển "
 "giao"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:877
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
 msgstr "Hủy bỏ phân giải ghi chú (note) hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:879
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
 msgstr "bỏ qua hòa trộn các ghi chú (note)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:974
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "Đối tượng %s không có ghi chú (note)\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
 msgstr "cố gắng gỡ bỏ một note chưa từng tồn tại không phải là một lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:989
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
 msgstr "đọc tên đối tượng từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1070
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
 msgstr "notes_ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1071
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
-msgstr "dùng `notes' từ <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "dùng “notes” từ <notes_ref>"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1106 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "Không hiểu câu lệnh con: %s"
@@ -6630,7 +7610,7 @@
 "git pack-objects [các-tùy-chọn...] base-name [< danh-sách-ref | < danh-sách-"
 "đối-tượng]"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr "lỗi giải nén (%d)"
@@ -6643,7 +7623,7 @@
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2402
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
-msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai `%s'"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2425
 #, c-format
@@ -6653,7 +7633,7 @@
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2429
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
-msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị `%s' cho tùy chọn %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị “%s” cho tùy chọn %s"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2448
 msgid "do not show progress meter"
@@ -6701,7 +7681,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2470
 msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
-msgstr "độ dài tối đa của chuỗi móc xích `delta' được phép trong gói kết quả"
+msgstr "độ dài tối đa của chuỗi móc xích “delta” được phép trong gói kết quả"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2472
 msgid "reuse existing deltas"
@@ -6725,7 +7705,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2482
 msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
-msgstr " đọc tham số `revision' từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+msgstr " đọc tham số “revision” từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2484
 msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
@@ -6751,7 +7731,7 @@
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
 msgstr "giữ lại các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:141
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
 msgid "time"
 msgstr "thời-gian"
 
@@ -6774,7 +7754,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2508
 msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
-msgstr "không ẩn các lần chuyển giao bởi `grafts'"
+msgstr "không ẩn các lần chuyển giao bởi “grafts”"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
 msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
@@ -6812,24 +7792,24 @@
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
 msgstr "git push [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:45
+#: builtin/push.c:47
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "dùng tốc ký tag không có <thẻ>"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:64
+#: builtin/push.c:66
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr "--delete chỉ chấp nhận các tên tham chiếu (ref) dạng thường"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:101
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"Để chọn mỗi tùy chọn một cách cố định, xem push.default trong `git help "
-"config'."
+"Để chọn mỗi tùy chọn một cách cố định, xem push.default trong “git help "
+"config”."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:104
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
@@ -6854,7 +7834,7 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:119
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6869,7 +7849,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<tên-của-nhánh-máy-chủ>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:133
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6883,24 +7863,24 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có đa nhánh thượng nguồn (upstream), từ chối push."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
 "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
 "to update which remote branch."
 msgstr ""
-"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ `%s', mà nó không phải là thượng nguồn "
+"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ “%s”, mà nó không phải là thượng nguồn "
 "(upstream) của\n"
-"nhánh hiện tại `%s' của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
+"nhánh hiện tại “%s” của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
 "để cập nhật nhánh máy chủ nào."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:167
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6918,7 +7898,7 @@
 "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
 msgstr ""
 "biến push.default chưa được đặt; giá trị ngầm định của nó\n"
-"đã được thay đổi trong Git 2.0 từ 'matching' thành 'simple'.\n"
+"đã được thay đổi trong Git 2.0 từ “matching” thành “simple”.\n"
 "Để không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và duy trì cách xử lý sau\n"
 "những thay đổi mặc định này, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -6928,33 +7908,33 @@
 "\n"
 "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
 "\n"
-"Xem `git help config' và tìm đến `push.default' để có thêm thông tin.\n"
-"(chế độ 'simple' được bắt đầu sử dụng từ Git 1.7.11. Sử dụng chế độ tương "
+"Xem “git help config” và tìm đến “push.default” để có thêm thông tin.\n"
+"(chế độ “simple” được bắt đầu sử dụng từ Git 1.7.11. Sử dụng chế độ tương "
 "tự\n"
-"`current' thay vì `simple' nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
+"“current” thay vì “simple” nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:227
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để push, và push.default là \"không là "
 "gì cả\"."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:234
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
-"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ (v.d. `git "
-"pull')\n"
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ (v.d. “git "
+"pull...”)\n"
 "trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần 'Note about fast-forwards' từ lệnh `git push --help' để có "
-"thông tin chi tiết."
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:240
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6964,41 +7944,72 @@
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
 "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Nếu bạn không có ý định push nhánh đó, bạn có lẽ "
 "muốn\n"
-"chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình 'push."
-"default'\n"
-"thành 'simple', 'current' hoặc 'upstream' để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
+"chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình “push."
+"default”\n"
+"thành “simple”, “current” hoặc “upstream” để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
 "thôi."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:246
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau bộ\n"
 "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi "
 "từ máy chủ\n"
-"(v.d. `git pull') trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
-"Xem trong phần 'Note about fast-forwards' từ lệnh `git push --help' để có "
-"thông tin chi tiết."
+"(v.d. “git pull ...”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì máy chủ có chứa công việc mà bạn không\n"
+"có ở máy nội bộ của mình. Lỗi này thường có nguyên nhân bởi kho khác đẩy\n"
+"dữ liệu lên cùng một tham chiếu. Bạn có lẽ muốn hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ(v.d. “git pull...”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” từ lệnh “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì thẻ đã sẵn có từ trước trên máy chủ."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật một tham chiếu trên máy chủ mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng "
+"không\n"
+"phải chuyển giao, hoặc cập nhật một tham chiếu máy chủ để nó chỉ đến đối "
+"tượng\n"
+"không phải chuyển giao, mà không sử dụng tùy chọn “--force”.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "Đang push (đẩy) lên %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
-msgstr "gặp lỗi khi push (đẩy lên) một số tham chiếu (ref) đến `%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi push (đẩy lên) một số tham chiếu (ref) đến “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
-msgstr "repository (kho) sai `%s'"
+msgstr "repository (kho) sai “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:366
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -7019,80 +8030,96 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <tên>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:381
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:382
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
+msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đường dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:387
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror và --tags xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:388
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đường dẫn"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:393
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all và --mirror xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "repository"
 msgstr "kho"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "push all refs"
 msgstr "push tất cả refs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "mirror all refs"
-msgstr "mirror tất cả refs"
+msgstr "mirror tất cả các tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "delete refs"
 msgstr "xóa refs"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:458
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
 msgstr ""
 "các thẻ push (không thể sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn --all hay --mirror)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
+#: builtin/push.c:461
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "ép buộc cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "tên-tham-chiếu>:<cần"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "yêu cầu giá-trị cũ của tham chiếu thì là giá-trị này"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
 msgid "check"
 msgstr "kiểm tra"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:467
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
 msgstr "điều khiển việc đẩy lên (push) đệ qui của mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:469
 msgid "use thin pack"
 msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
 msgid "receive pack program"
 msgstr "nhận về chương trình pack"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:472
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
 msgstr "đặt thượng nguồn (upstream) cho git pull/status"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:475
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
 msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu (refs) bị gỡ bỏ"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua “pre-push hook”"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "push bị trượt nhưng các thẻ thích hợp"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete là xung khắc với các tùy chọn --all, --mirror và --tags"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:490
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete không hợp lý nếu không có bất kỳ tham chiếu (refs) nào"
 
@@ -7107,70 +8134,80 @@
 "[--index-output=<tập-tin>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-"
 "ish3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
 msgstr "ghi mục lục kết quả vào <tập-tin>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
 msgstr "chỉ với bảng mục lục trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
 msgstr "Hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
 msgstr "thực hiện một hòa trộn thêm vào việc đọc"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
 msgstr ""
-"hòa trộn kiểu `3-way' nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
+"hòa trộn kiểu “3-way” nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
-msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của `adds' và `removes'"
+msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của “adds” và “removes”"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
 msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
 msgstr "giống với -m, nhưng bỏ qua các mục chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:122
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
 msgid "<subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "<thư-mục-con>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
 msgstr "đọc cây vào trong bảng mục lục dưới <thư_mục_con>/"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
 msgstr "cập nhật cây làm việc với kết quả hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
 msgid "gitignore"
 msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
 msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
 msgstr "cho phép các tập tin rõ ràng bị lờ đi được ghi đè"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
 msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
 msgstr "không kiểm tra cây làm việc sau hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
 msgstr "không cập nhật bảng mục lục hay cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
 msgstr "bỏ qua áp dụng bộ lọc lấy ra (checkout) thưa thớt"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
-msgstr "gỡ lỗi unpack-trees"
+msgstr "gỡ lỗi “unpack-trees”"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "giá trị %s dành cho “%s” không phải là dấu thời gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "“%s” không phải là dấu thời gian hợp lệ"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
@@ -7193,8 +8230,8 @@
 msgstr "git remote remove <tên>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:15
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
-msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>)"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
@@ -7231,8 +8268,8 @@
 msgstr "git remote add [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên> <url>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:42
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
-msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
 msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
@@ -7307,7 +8344,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:187
 msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
-msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo vết chỉ hợp lý với các 'fetch mirror'"
+msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo vết chỉ hợp lý với các “fetch mirror”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
 #, c-format
@@ -7317,12 +8354,12 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
-msgstr "`%s' không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
+msgstr "“%s” không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:299
 #, c-format
@@ -7332,20 +8369,20 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
-msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho refspec %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho đặc tả tham chiếu %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
-msgstr "(mẫu)"
+msgstr "(khớp)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:452
 msgid "(delete)"
-msgstr "(xoá)"
+msgstr "(xóa)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể nối thêm `%s' vào `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s” vào “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
 #, c-format
@@ -7355,12 +8392,12 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:656
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đổi tên chương (section) cấu hình từ `%s' thành `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đổi tên chương (section) cấu hình từ “%s” thành “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ chương (section) cấu hình `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ chương (section) cấu hình “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:677
 #, c-format
@@ -7369,19 +8406,19 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
 msgstr ""
-"Không cập nhật 'non-default fetch respec'\n"
+"Không cập nhật “non-default fetch respec”\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tXin hãy cập nhật phần cấu hình một cách thủ công nếu thấy cần thiết."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:683
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not append '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể nối thêm `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:694
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not set '%s'"
-msgstr "Không thể đặt `%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đặt “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:716
 #, c-format
@@ -7424,7 +8461,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:948
 msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
-msgstr " cũ (dùng `git remote prune' để gỡ bỏ)"
+msgstr " cũ rích (dùng “git remote prune” để gỡ bỏ)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:950
 msgid " ???"
@@ -7546,19 +8583,19 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1163
 msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
 msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
-msgstr[0] "  Nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh `git pull':"
-msgstr[1] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh `git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull”:"
+msgstr[1] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull”:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1171
 msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
-msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh `git push'"
+msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh “git push”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1178
 #, c-format
 msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
 msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
-msgstr[0] "  Tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh `git push'%s:"
-msgstr[1] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh `git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push”%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push”%s:"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1199
 msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
@@ -7619,7 +8656,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1298
 #, c-format
 msgid " * [pruned] %s"
-msgstr " *[đã xén bớ] %s"
+msgstr " *[đã bị xén] %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1321
 msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
@@ -7628,7 +8665,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote '%s'"
-msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên `%s'"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1407
 msgid "add branch"
@@ -7640,7 +8677,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1436
 msgid "manipulate push URLs"
-msgstr "đẩy các `URL' bằng tay"
+msgstr "đẩy các “URL” bằng tay"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1438
 msgid "add URL"
@@ -7672,6 +8709,67 @@
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
 msgstr "chi tiết; phải được đặt trước một lệnh-con"
 
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr "git repack [các-tùy-chọn]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "đóng gói mọi thứ trong một gói đơn"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "giống với -a, và chỉnh sửa các đối tượng không đọc được thiếu sót"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "xóa bỏ các gói dư thừa, và chạy git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-delta cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-object cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "không chạy git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --local cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "ngày ước tính"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "với -A, các đối tượng cũ hơn khoảng thời gian này thì không bị mất"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "kích thước cửa sổ được dùng cho nén “delta”"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "giống như trên, nhưng giới hạn kích thước bộ nhớ hay vì số lượng"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "giới hạn độ sâu tối đa của “delta”"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "kcíh thước tối đa cho từng tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa bỏ “%s”"
+
 #: builtin/replace.c:17
 msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
 msgstr "git replace [-f] <đối-tượng> <thay-thế>"
@@ -7684,23 +8782,23 @@
 msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
 msgstr "git replace -l [<mẫu>]"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:118
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
 msgid "list replace refs"
 msgstr "liệt kê các refs thay thế"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:119
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
 msgid "delete replace refs"
 msgstr "xóa tham chiếu (refs) thay thế"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:120
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
 msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
 msgstr "thay thế tham chiếu (ref) nếu nó đã sẵn có"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
 msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:56
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
 msgstr "sổ ghi dọn sạch các phân giải trong bản mục lục"
 
@@ -7711,12 +8809,12 @@
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <các-đường-dẫn>..."
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <đường-dẫn>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<các-đường-dẫn>...]"
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<các-đường-dẫn>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7738,104 +8836,110 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "giữ lại"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của HEAD."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của %s."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "Những thay đổi bị bỏ trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện một %s reset ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr "làm việc ở chế độ im lặng, chỉ hiển thị khi có lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
 msgstr "đặt lại (reset) HEAD và bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr "chỉ đặt lại (reset) HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
 msgstr "đặt lại HEAD, bảng mục lục và cây làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
 msgstr "đặt lại HEAD nhưng giữ lại các thay đổi nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
-msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng `%s'."
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một cây (tree) hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr "--patch xung khắc với --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
-"--mixed với các đường dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh `git "
-"reset -- <đường_dẫn>'."
+"--mixed với các đường dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh “git "
+"reset -- <đường_dẫn>”."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh %s reset với các đường dẫn."
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "%s reset không được phép trên kho bare (trên máy chủ)"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi bị bỏ trạng thái (stage) sau khi reset:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét lại `%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét duyệt “%s”."
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
 msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [các-tùy-chọn] -- [<th.số>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
-msgstr "giữ '--' chuyển qua làm tham số"
+msgstr "giữ “--“ chuyển qua làm tham số"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
 msgstr "dừng phân tích sau đối số đầu tiên không có tùy chọn"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7850,181 +8954,219 @@
 "Chạy lệnh \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" để có thêm thông tin về cách dùng."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git revert [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git revert <lệnh-con>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr "git cherry-pick [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>"
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
 msgstr "git cherry-pick <lệnh-con>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s: %s không thể được sử dụng với %s"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "kết thúc cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:104
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
 msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "phục hồi lại cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:105
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
 msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
 msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:106
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
 msgid "don't automatically commit"
 msgstr "không commit một cách tự động."
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
 msgid "edit the commit message"
 msgstr "sửa lại chú thích cho commit"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:110
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
 msgid "parent number"
 msgstr "số của cha mẹ"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
 msgid "merge strategy"
 msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
 msgid "option"
 msgstr "tùy chọn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
 msgid "option for merge strategy"
 msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
 msgid "append commit name"
 msgstr "nối thêm tên lần chuyển giao (commit)"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
 msgid "allow fast-forward"
 msgstr "cho phép fast-forward"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
 msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
 msgstr "cấm khởi tạo lần chuyển giao trống rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
 msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
 msgstr "chấp nhận chuyển giao (commit) mà không ghi chú gì"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
 msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
 msgstr "giữ lại các lần chuyển giao dư thừa, rỗng"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
+#: builtin/revert.c:110
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "lỗi chương trình"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "revert gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "cherry-pick gặp lỗi"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:14
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
 msgstr "git rm [các-tùy-chọn] [--] <tập-tin>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"các mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng /\"rm -rf/\" nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"các tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"`%s' có nội dung được lưu trạng thái khác biệt từ cả tập tin và cả HEAD\n"
-"(dùng tùy chọn -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+"\n"
+"(dùng -f để buộc gỡ bỏ)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+msgstr[1] "các tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"`%s' có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+"\n"
 "(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"`%s' có các thay đổi nội bộ\n"
-"(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
+msgstr[1] "những tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:134
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "do not list removed files"
 msgstr "không liệt kê các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:135
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "only remove from the index"
 msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ từ mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:136
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
 msgstr "ghi đè lên kiểm tra cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:137
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
 msgstr "cho phép gỡ bỏ đệ qui"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:139
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
 msgstr "thoát ra với trạng thái khác không thậm chí nếu không có gì khớp"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
-msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ `%s' một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy chọn -r"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ “%s” một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy chọn -r"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm: không thể gỡ bỏ %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [các-tùy-chọn] [<vùng-xét-duyệt>] [[--] [<đường-dẫn>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "Thiếu tên tác giả: %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
 msgstr "sắp xếp kết xuất tuân theo số lượng chuyển giao trên mỗi tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
 msgstr "Chặn mọi mô tả lần chuyển giao, chỉ đưa ra số lượng lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
 msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử cho từng tác giả"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
 msgid "Linewrap output"
 msgstr "Ngắt dòng khi quá dài"
 
@@ -8044,47 +9186,47 @@
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<nền>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
 msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking và nội bộ"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
-msgstr "màu '*!+-' tương ứng với nhánh"
+msgstr "màu “*!+-” tương ứng với nhánh"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
 msgstr "hiển thị thêm <n> lần chuyển giao sau cha mẹ chung"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
 msgid "synonym to more=-1"
 msgstr "đồng nghĩa với more=-1"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:659
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
 msgstr "chặn các chuỗi đặt tên"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
 msgstr "bao gồm nhánh hiện hành"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
 msgstr "đặt tên các lần chuyển giao bằng các tên của đối tượng của chúng"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
 msgstr "hiển thị mọi cơ sở có thể dùng để hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
 msgstr "hiển thị các tham chiếu không thể được đọc bởi bất kỳ tham chiếu khác"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
 msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao theo thứ tự tôpô"
 
@@ -8097,61 +9239,61 @@
 msgstr "hiển thị các lần hòa trộn có thể đọc được chỉ từ một đầu mút"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sắp xếp hình thái học, bảo trì thứ tự ngày nếu có thể"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
 msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
 msgstr "<n>[,<cơ sở>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
-msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục `ref-log' gần nhất kể từ nền (base)"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục “ref-log” gần nhất kể từ nền (base)"
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 msgstr ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [mẫu*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [mẫu*] "
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:11
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
 msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mẫu] < ref-list"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thẻ (có thể tổ hợp cùng với đầu)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
 msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị đầu (có thể tổ hợp cùng với thẻ)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
 msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
 msgstr ""
 "việc kiểm tra tham chiếu chính xác, đòi hỏi chính xác đường dẫn tham chiếu "
 "(ref)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:187 builtin/show-ref.c:189
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu HEAD, ngay cả khi nó đã được lọc ra"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:191
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
 msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
 msgstr "bãi bỏ tham chiếu các thẻ thành ra các ID đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:193
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
 msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị mã băm SHA1 sử dụng <n> chữ số"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:197
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
 msgstr ""
 "không hiển thị kết quả ra đầu ra chuẩn (stdout) (chỉ hữu dụng với --verify)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
 msgstr ""
 "hiển thị các tham chiếu (refs) từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) cái mà không ở "
@@ -8161,20 +9303,28 @@
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
 msgstr "git symbolic-ref  [các-tùy-chọn] tên [t.chiếu]"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:38
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] tên"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
 msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
 msgstr ""
-"chặn các thông tin lỗi cho các tham chiếu (refs) `non-symbolic' (bị tách ra)"
+"chặn các thông tin lỗi cho các tham chiếu (refs) “non-symbolic” (bị tách ra)"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:39
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu (ref) tượng trưng"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
 msgid "shorten ref output"
 msgstr "làm ngắn kết xuất ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason"
 msgstr "lý do"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason of the update"
 msgstr "lý do cập nhật"
 
@@ -8203,7 +9353,7 @@
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
-msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại `%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:207
 #, c-format
@@ -8213,319 +9363,325 @@
 #: builtin/tag.c:212
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
-msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ `%s'."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ “%s”."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:227
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa `%s' (trước là %s)\n"
+msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa “%s” (trước là %s)\n"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:239
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
-msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ `%s'"
+msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ “%s”"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua.\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
-"# Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng '#' sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
+"Viết các ghi chú cho (thẻ) tag\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
 "nếu muốn.\n"
-"#\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "không thể ký thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin lưu thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "kiểu đối tượng sai."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "đầu thẻ (tag) quá lớn."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "không có thông điệp (message) cho thẻ (tag)?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
-msgstr "chuyển đến 'points-at' yêu cần một đối tượng"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “points-at” yêu cần một đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
-msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình `%s'"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình “%s”"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
 msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên các thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:449
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
 msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
 msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng cho mỗi ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
+#: builtin/tag.c:449
 msgid "delete tags"
 msgstr "xóa thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:452
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
 msgid "verify tags"
 msgstr "thẩm tra thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:454
+#: builtin/tag.c:452
 msgid "Tag creation options"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn tạo tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:456
+#: builtin/tag.c:454
 msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
 msgstr "để chú giải cho thẻ, cần một lời ghi chú"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:458
+#: builtin/tag.c:456
 msgid "tag message"
 msgstr "tin nhắn cho thẻ (tag)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
+#: builtin/tag.c:458
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
 msgstr "thẻ chú giải và ký kiểu GPG"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:464
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
 msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
 msgstr "dùng kháo khác để ký thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
 msgid "replace the tag if exists"
 msgstr "thay thế nếu tag đó đã có trước"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:466
+#: builtin/tag.c:464
 msgid "show tag list in columns"
 msgstr "hiển thị danh sách thẻ trong các cột"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
+#: builtin/tag.c:466
 msgid "Tag listing options"
 msgstr "Các tùy chọn liệt kê thẻ"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
 msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các thẻ của đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column và -n xung khắc nhau"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn -n chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --contains chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "tùy chọn --points-at chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "chỉ có một tùy chọn -F hoặc -m là được phép."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
-msgstr "`%s' không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
-msgstr "Thẻ `%s' đã tồn tại rồi"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s” đã tồn tại rồi"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể khóa ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s: không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu)"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
-msgstr "Thẻ đã cập nhật `%s' (cũ là %s)\n"
+msgstr "Đã cập nhật thẻ “%s” (trước là %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:401
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
 msgstr "git update-index [các-tùy-chọn] [<tập-tin>...]"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:717
+#: builtin/update-index.c:720
 msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
 msgstr "tiếp tục làm mới ngay cả khi bảng mục lục cần được cập nhật"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:720
+#: builtin/update-index.c:723
 msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
 msgstr "refresh: lờ đi mô-đun-con"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:723
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
 msgstr "không bỏ qua các tập tin mới tạo"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:725
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
-msgstr "để các tập tin thay thế các thư mục và `vice-versa'"
+msgstr "để các tập tin thay thế các thư mục và “vice-versa”"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:727
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
 msgstr "thông báo các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:729
+#: builtin/update-index.c:732
 msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
 msgstr ""
 "làm tươi mới thậm chí khi bảng mục lục chứa các mục tin chưa được hòa trộn"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:732
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
 msgid "refresh stat information"
 msgstr "lấy lại thông tin thống kê"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:736
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
 msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
-msgstr "giống --refresh, nhưng bỏ qua các cài đặt `assume-unchanged'"
+msgstr "giống --refresh, nhưng bỏ qua các cài đặt “assume-unchanged”"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:740
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
 msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
 msgstr "<mode> <đối tượng> <đường dẫn>"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:741
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
 msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:745
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
 msgid "(+/-)x"
 msgstr "(+/-)x"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
 msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
 msgstr "ghi đè lên bít thi hành của các tập tin được liệt kê"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:750
+#: builtin/update-index.c:753
 msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
 msgstr "Đánh dấu các tập tin là \"không thay đổi\""
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:753
+#: builtin/update-index.c:756
 msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
 msgstr "xóa bít  assumed-unchanged"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:756
-msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
-msgstr "đánh dấu các tập tin là `chỉ-đọc'"
-
 #: builtin/update-index.c:759
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "đánh dấu các tập tin là “chỉ-đọc”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:762
 msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
 msgstr "xóa bít skip-worktree"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:762
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
 msgstr ""
 "chỉ thêm vào bảng mục lục; không thêm nội dung vào cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:764
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
 msgstr ""
 "gỡ bỏ các đường dẫn được đặt tên thậm chí cả khi nó hiện diện trong thư mục "
 "làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:766
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
 msgstr "với tùy chọn --stdin: các dòng đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi ký tự null"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:768
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
 msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
 msgstr "đọc danh sách đường dẫn cần cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
 msgstr "không thể đọc các mục từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn vào bảng mục lục"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
 msgstr "phục hồi các trạng thái #2 và #3 cho các đường dẫn được liệt kê"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
 msgstr "chỉ cập nhật các mục tin mà nó khác biệt so với HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:784
+#: builtin/update-index.c:787
 msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
 msgstr "bỏ qua các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:787
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
 msgstr "báo cáo các thao tác ra thiết bị xuất chuẩn"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:789
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
 msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
-msgstr "(cho `porcelains') quên các xung đột chưa được giải quyết đã ghi"
+msgstr "(cho “porcelains”) quên các xung đột chưa được giải quyết đã ghi"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
 msgid "write index in this format"
 msgstr "ghi mục lục ở định dạng này"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr "git update-ref [các-tùy-chọn] -d <refname> [<biến-cũ>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
 msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
 msgstr "git update-ref [các-tùy-chọn]    <refname> <biến-mới> [<biến-cũ>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [các-tùy-chọn] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
 msgid "delete the reference"
 msgstr "xóa tham chiếu"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
 msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
 msgstr "cập nhật <tên-tham-chiếu> không phải cái nó chỉ tới"
 
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "đầu vào tiêu chuẩn có các đối số được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
 msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
 msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
@@ -8570,24 +9726,33 @@
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
 msgstr "chỉ hữu ích khi cần gỡ lỗi"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
-"Chạy lệnh `git help <tên-lệnh>' để có thêm thông tin về lệnh được chỉ ra."
+"“git help -a” và “git help -g” liệt kê các câu lệnh con sẵn có và một số\n"
+"hướng dẫn về khái niệm. Xem “git help <lệnh>” hay “git help <khái-niệm>”\n"
+"để xem các đặc tả cho lệnh hay khái niệm cụ thể."
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "ngày hết hạn"
+
+#: parse-options.h:161
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "no-op (tương thích ngược)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "chi tiết hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "im lặng hơn nữa"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:246
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "sử dụng <n> chữ số để hiển thị SHA-1s"
 
@@ -8605,7 +9770,7 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:11
 msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
-msgstr "Checkout một nhánh hay các đường dẫn tới cây làm việc"
+msgstr "Lấy ra một nhánh hay các đường dẫn tới cây làm việc"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:12
 msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
@@ -8618,53 +9783,50 @@
 #: common-cmds.h:14
 msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
 msgstr ""
-"Hiển thị các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao (commit), commit và cây làm "
-"việc, v.v.."
+"Xem các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao,\n"
+"               giữa một lần chuyển giao và cây làm việc, v.v.."
 
 #: common-cmds.h:15
 msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
-msgstr "Các đối tượng và tham chiếu được tải về từ kho chứa khác"
+msgstr "Tải về các đối tượng và tham chiếu từ kho chứa khác"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:16
 msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
 msgstr "In ra những dòng khớp với một mẫu"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr ""
-"Tạo một kho git trống rỗng hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Tạo một kho git mới hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
-msgstr "hiển thị nhật ký các lần commit (chuyển giao)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:19
 msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
-msgstr ""
-"Hợp nhất hai hay nhiều hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển phần mềm lại với "
-"nhau"
+msgstr "Hợp nhất hai hay nhiều hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:20
 msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
-msgstr "Di chuyển, đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hay liên kết tượng trưng"
+msgstr "Di chuyển hay đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hoặc liên kết mềm"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "Fetch (lấy về) và hòa trộng với kho khác hay nhánh nội bộ"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Lấy về và hợp nhất với kho khác hay một nhánh nội bộ"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
-msgstr ""
-"Cập nhật tham chiếu (refs) máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+msgstr "Cập nhật th.chiếu máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:23
 msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
 msgstr ""
-"Forward-port những lần chuyển giao nội bộ tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
+"Chuyển tiếp những lần chuyển giao nội bộ\n"
+"               tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:24
 msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
-msgstr "Đặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành một trạng thái được chỉ ra"
+msgstr "Đặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành trạng thái đã cho"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:25
 msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
@@ -8680,9 +9842,7 @@
 
 #: common-cmds.h:28
 msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
-msgstr ""
-"Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ (tag) mà nó được ký sử dụng "
-"GPG"
+msgstr "Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ được ký bằng GPG"
 
 #: git-am.sh:50
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
@@ -8693,17 +9853,17 @@
 "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
 "Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
 msgstr ""
-"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần 'am' thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
+"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần “am” thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
 "Không thể chuyển tới ORIG_HEAD"
 
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip"
 "\".\n"
 "Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy "
@@ -8711,11 +9871,11 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:121
 msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
-msgstr "Đang trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu 'three-way'."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu “three-way”."
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở về trên '3-way merge'."
+msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở về trên “3-way merge”."
 
 #: git-am.sh:139
 msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
@@ -8732,7 +9892,7 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
-msgstr "Đang trở lại để vá cơ sở và '3-way merge'..."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để vá cơ sở và “3-way merge”..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:179
 msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
@@ -8759,26 +9919,34 @@
 "Tùy chọn -b/--binary đã không dùng từ lâu rồi, và\n"
 "nó sẽ được bỏ đi. Xin đừng sử dụng nó thêm nữa."
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr "thư mục rebase trước $dotest vẫn chưa sẵn sàng nhưng mbox được đưa ra."
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "Xin hãy rõ ràng. --skip hay --abort?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
-msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
 msgstr ""
-"Thao tác phân giải không đang được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+"Tìm thấy thư mục lạc $dotest.\n"
+"Dùng \"git am --abort\" để loại bỏ nó đi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:528
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục sai: không thể áp dụng các miếng vá (sai: $files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8791,62 +9959,62 @@
 "Để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --"
 "abort\"."
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
-msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ e-mail hợp lệ."
+msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ thư điện tử hợp lệ."
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 "không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "Thân của lần chuyển giao (commit) là:"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
-"Áp dụng? đồng ý [y]/không [n]/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất "
-"cả [a] "
+"Áp dụng? đồng ý [y]/khô[n]g/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất cả "
+"[a] "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "Đang áp dụng (miếng vá): $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
 "already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
 msgstr ""
-"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh `git add' à?\n"
+"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?\n"
 "Nếu ở đây không có gì còn lại stage, tình cờ là có một số thứ khác\n"
 "đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn bỏ qua miếng "
 "vá này."
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr ""
 "Bạn vẫn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn trong bảng mục lục của mình\n"
-"bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh `git add' à?"
+"bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr "Không thay đổi gì cả -- Miếng vá đã được áp dụng rồi."
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
-msgstr "Vá gặp lỗi tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi vá tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
@@ -8855,7 +10023,7 @@
 "Bản sao chép của miếng vá mà nó gặp lỗi thì được tìm thấy trong:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "áp dụng vào một lịch sử trống rỗng"
 
@@ -8873,12 +10041,12 @@
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
-msgstr "không công nhận tùy chọn: '$arg'"
+msgstr "không công nhận tùy chọn: “$arg”"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
-msgstr "'$arg' không có vẻ như là một sự xét lại hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$arg” không có vẻ như là một điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:117
 msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
@@ -8889,8 +10057,8 @@
 msgid ""
 "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Việc checkout '$start_head' gặp lỗi. Hãy thử `git bisect reset "
-"<nhánh_hợp_lệ>'."
+"Việc checkout “$start_head” gặp lỗi. Hãy thử “git bisect reset "
+"<nhánh_hợp_lệ>”."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
 msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
@@ -8912,7 +10080,7 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
-msgstr "Hãy gọi lệnhl 'bisect_state' với ít nhất một đối số."
+msgstr "Hãy gọi lệnhl “bisect_state” với ít nhất một đối số."
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:244
 #, sh-format
@@ -8921,7 +10089,7 @@
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:250
 msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
-msgstr "`git bisect bad' có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
+msgstr "“git bisect bad” có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
 
 #. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
 #. this is less optimum.
@@ -8956,65 +10124,65 @@
 "sai.\n"
 "(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect bad\" và \"git bisect good\" cho chúng.)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "Chúng tôi không bisect."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
-msgstr "'$invalid' không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$invalid” không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của '$branch'.\n"
-"Hãy thử `git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>'."
+"Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của “$branch”.\n"
+"Hãy thử “git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>”."
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tập tin ghi nhật ký"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "không thể đọc $file để thao diễn lại"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? bạn đang nói gì thế?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "đang chạy lệnh $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
-"mã trả về $res từ lệnh '$command' là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
+"mã trả về $res từ lệnh “$command” là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "bisect không thể tiếp tục thêm được nữa"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
 msgstr ""
 "chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
-"'bisect_state $state' đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
+"”bisect_state $state” đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "bisect chạy thành công"
 
@@ -9025,16 +10193,16 @@
 "as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
 msgstr ""
 "Pull là không thể được bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn.\n"
-"Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh `git add/rm <tập-tin>'\n"
-"để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết, hoặc là sử dụng `git "
-"commit -a'."
+"Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>”\n"
+"để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết, hoặc là sử dụng “git "
+"commit -a”."
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 "Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:223
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 "đang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào "
@@ -9044,7 +10212,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:255
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -9055,15 +10223,15 @@
 "Cảnh báo: đang fast-forward cây làm việc của bạn từ\n"
 "Cảnh báo: commit $orig_head."
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:280
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn nhiều nhánh và trong một head trống rỗng"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh rebase (cơ cấu lại) trên nhiều nhánh"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:53
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -9076,35 +10244,55 @@
 "Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"git "
 "rebase --abort\"."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:160
-msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
-msgstr "hook (chương trình móc vào git) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Đã áp dụng autostash."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:165
+#: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Không thể lưu $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Áp dụng autostash có hiệu quả trong các xung đột.\n"
+"Các thay đổi của bạn an toàn trong stash (tạm cất đi).\n"
+"Bạn có thể chạy lệnh \"git stash pop\" hay \"git stash drop\" bất kỳ lúc "
+"nào.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Móc (hook) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr ""
 "Hình như đang trong quá trình thực hiện lệnh git-am. Không thể chạy lệnh "
 "rebase."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:296
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn --exec phải được sử dụng cùng với tùy chọn --interactive"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:301
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "Không có tiến trình rebase nào phải không?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:312
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
 msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
 msgstr ""
-"Hành động `--edit-todo' chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình `rebase' (sửa lịch "
+"Hành động “--edit-todo” chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình “rebase” (sửa lịch "
 "sử) tương tác."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:319
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "Không thể đọc HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:322
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -9112,12 +10300,12 @@
 "Bạn phải sửa tất cả các lần hòa trộn xung đột và sau\n"
 "đó đánh dấu chúng là cần xử lý sử dụng lệnh git add"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:340
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "Không thể quay trở lại $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:359
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9140,57 +10328,66 @@
 "\n"
 "TÔI: là lệnh bạn vừa gọi!"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:404
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "thượng nguồn không hợp lệ $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:428
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
-msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhiều hơn một"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhiều hơn một nền móng hòa trộn"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431 git-rebase.sh:435
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
-msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có gì để hòa trộn"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có nền móng hòa trộn nào"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:440
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "Không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao (commit) không hợp lệ: $onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:463
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "nghiêm trọng: không có nhánh như thế: $branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:483
-msgid "Please commit or stash them."
-msgstr "Xin hãy commit hoặc stash chúng."
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Không thể autostash"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Đã tạo autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Xin hãy commit hoặc tạm cất (stash) chúng."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:504
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi, lệnh rebase ép buộc."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "Thay đổi từ $mb thành $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr ""
 "Trước tiên, di chuyển head để xem lại các công việc trên đỉnh của nó..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:532
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "Fast-forward $branch_name thành $onto_name."
@@ -9224,6 +10421,11 @@
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây làm việc hiện hành"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật $ref_stash với $w_commit"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9234,132 +10436,139 @@
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
 "       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
 msgstr ""
-"lỗi: không hiểu tùy chọn cho 'stash save': $option\n"
-"       Để cung cấp một thông điệp, sử dụng git stash save -- '$option'"
+"lỗi: không hiểu tùy chọn cho “stash save”: $option\n"
+"     Để dùng thông điệp có chứa -- ở đầu, sử dụng git stash save -- \"$option"
+"\""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:258
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "Không có thay đổi nội bộ nào được ghi lại"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "Không thể khởi tạo stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:266
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái hiện hành"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ các thay đổi cây-làm-việc"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:383
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy stash nào."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
-msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhiều điểm xét lại: $REV"
+msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhiều điểm xét duyệt: $REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:396
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:424
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
-msgstr "'$args' không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) giống-stash"
+msgstr "”$args” không phải là lần chuyển giao (commit) kiểu-stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:435
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
-msgstr "'$args' không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
+msgstr "”$args” không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:443
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "không thể làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "Không thể áp dụng một stash ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "Xung đột trong bảng mục lục. Hãy thử mà không dùng tùy chọn --index."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:457
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "Không thể ghi lại cây chỉ mục"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:491
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "Không thể bỏ trạng thía của các tập tin đã được sửa chữa"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:506
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "Bảng mục lục đã không được bỏ stash."
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:523
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
-msgstr "Đã hạ xuống ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Đã xóa ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:524
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}: Không thể xóa bỏ mục stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:603
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(Để phục hồi lại chúng hãy gõ \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
-msgstr "không thể tháo bỏ một thành phần ra khỏi url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "không thể tháo bỏ một thành phần ra khỏi “$remoteurl” url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 "Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đường dẫn "
-"'$sm_path'"
+"“$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
-msgstr "Nhân bản '$url' vào đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' gặp lỗi"
+msgstr "Nhân bản “$url” vào đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path” gặp lỗi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
 msgstr ""
-"Gitdir '$a' là bộ phận của đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$b' hoặc \"vice versa\""
+"Gitdir “$a” là bộ phận của đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$b” hoặc \"vice versa\""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Đường dẫn tương đối chỉ có thể dùng từ thư mục ở mức cao nhất của cây làm "
+"việc"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
-"repo URL: '$repo' phải là đường dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
+"repo URL: “$repo” phải là đường dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9371,162 +10580,375 @@
 "$sm_path\n"
 "Sử dụng -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm nó vào."
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
-msgstr "Đang thêm repo có sẵn tại '$sm_path' vào bảng mục lục"
+msgstr "Đang thêm repo có sẵn tại “$sm_path” vào bảng mục lục"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "'$sm_path' đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun con '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Đang nhập '$prefix$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "Dừng lại tại '$sm_path'; script trả về trạng thái khác không."
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
-#, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
 msgstr ""
-"Không tìm thấy url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' trong .gitmodules"
+"Thư mục git cho “$sm_name” được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Mô-đun-con '$name' ($url) được đăng ký cho đường dẫn '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
-#, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr ""
-"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Nếu bạn muốn dùng lại thư mục git nội bộ này thay vì nhân bản từ nó"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng tùy chọn “--force”. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"hay bạn không chắc chắn điều đó có nghĩa gì chọn tên khác với tùy chọn “--"
+"name”."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con “$sm_name”."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể checkout mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Đang vào “$prefix$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Dừng lại tại “$prefix$displaypath”; script trả về trạng thái khác không."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath” trong .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Dùng “.” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ mọi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath” có chứa thư mục .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath” chứa các thay đổi nội bộ; hãy dùng “-"
+"f” để loại bỏ chúng đi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Đã tạo thư mục “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục mô-đun-con rỗng “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được bỏ đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path' chưa được khởi tạo\n"
-"Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh 'update --init'?"
+"Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath” chưa được khởi tạo.\n"
+"Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh “update --init”?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Không tìm thấy điểm xét lại hiện hành trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+"Không tìm thấy điểm xét duyệt hiện hành trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$displaypath”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể rebase '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được rebase vào trong '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể rebase “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: được rebase vào trong “$sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
-"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được hòa trộn vào '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Không thể checkout '$sha1' trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Thực hiện không thành công lệnh “$command $sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$prefix$sm_path”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path': được checkout '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”: “$command $sha1”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể checkout “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: đã checkout “$sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "Tùy chọn --cached không thể dùng cùng với tùy chọn --files"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "chế độ không như mong chờ $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
-#, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_dst"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
-#, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr ""
-"  Cảnh báo: $name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src và "
-"$sha1_dst"
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_src"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao (commit) $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa những lần chuyển giao (commit) "
+"$sha1_src và $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr "blob"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "# Những thay đổi mô-đun-con được chuyển giao (commit):"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "Đang đồng bộ hóa url mô-đun-con cho '$name'"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho “$displaypath”"
+
+#~ msgid "done\n"
+#~ msgstr "xong\n"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "các đường dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Các tập tin chưa được theo dõi sau đây KHÔNG được ghi lại nhưng cần được "
+#~ "gỡ bỏ bởi việc ghi lại stash:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bãi bỏ. Cân nhắc dùng một trong hai tùy chọn --force và --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhiều hơn %d cây (tree): “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "mô-đun-con “%s” (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
+#~ "(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+#~ "chúng)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "“%s” có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+#~ "(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Không thể lấy về (fetch) trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Cần %.2f giây để đếm các tập tin chưa được theo vết.  “status -uno”"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "có thể làm nó nhanh lên, nhưng bạn phải cẩn trọng đừng quên thêm nó vào"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "tập tin mới của chính bạn (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>” để có thêm thông tin về lệnh được chỉ ra."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "thông tin người chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "không thể fdopen “show” (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đường ống cho lệnh “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "ôi?"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
 
 #~ msgid " 0 files changed"
 #~ msgstr " 0 có tập tin nào thay đổi cả"
@@ -9555,9 +10977,6 @@
 #~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
 #~ msgstr "tùy chọn -B không thể dùng -b"
 
-#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-#~ msgstr "--patch xung khắc với tất cả các tùy chọn khác"
-
 #~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
 #~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -b/-B/--orphan"
 
@@ -9595,7 +11014,7 @@
 #~ msgstr "%s: đã được xóa/thay-tên"
 
 #~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
-#~ msgstr "'%s': không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
+#~ msgstr "”%s”: không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
 
 #~ msgid "--"
 #~ msgstr "--"
@@ -9604,10 +11023,5 @@
 #~ msgstr ""
 #~ "Không thể rút trích địa chỉ thư điện tử từ định danh người chuyển giao"
 
-#, fuzzy
 #~ msgid "could not parse commit %s\n"
-#~ msgstr "Không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
-
-#, fuzzy
-#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
-#~ msgstr "< Chọn D-Mod"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index 46d158f..b701086 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Chinese translations for Git package
 # Git 软件包的简体中文翻译.
-# Copyright (C) 2012 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
 # Contributers:
 #   - Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-15 10:21+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-07 17:56+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-02 08:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-02 08:14+0800\n"
 "Last-Translator: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: GitHub <https://github.com/gotgit/git/>\n"
 "Language: zh_CN\n"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:40
+#: advice.c:57
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "提示:%.*s\n"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 #. * other commands doing a merge do.
 #.
-#: advice.c:70
+#: advice.c:87
 msgid ""
 "Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
@@ -43,93 +43,223 @@
 "或使用 'git commit -a'。"
 
 #: archive.c:10
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [选项] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
 
 #: archive.c:11
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git archive --list"
-msgstr "git archive:NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
 
 #: archive.c:12
 msgid ""
 "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] [选项] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
 
 #: archive.c:13
 msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] --list"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:242 builtin/add.c:240 builtin/add.c:556 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 未匹配任何文件"
+
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "fmt"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "格式"
 
-#: archive.c:322
+#: archive.c:327
 msgid "archive format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "归档格式"
 
-#: archive.c:323 builtin/log.c:1079
+#: archive.c:328 builtin/log.c:1193
 msgid "prefix"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "前缀"
 
-#: archive.c:324
+#: archive.c:329
 msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为归档中每个路径名加上前缀"
 
-#: archive.c:325 builtin/archive.c:91 builtin/blame.c:2332
-#: builtin/blame.c:2333 builtin/config.c:56 builtin/fast-export.c:642
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:644 builtin/grep.c:800 builtin/hash-object.c:77
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:494 builtin/ls-files.c:497 builtin/notes.c:537
-#: builtin/notes.c:694 builtin/read-tree.c:107 parse-options.h:149
+#: archive.c:330 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2264
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265 builtin/config.c:58 builtin/fast-export.c:680
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:682 builtin/grep.c:716 builtin/hash-object.c:77
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:486 builtin/ls-files.c:489 builtin/notes.c:408
+#: builtin/notes.c:565 builtin/read-tree.c:108 parse-options.h:154
 msgid "file"
 msgstr "文件"
 
-#: archive.c:326 builtin/archive.c:92
+#: archive.c:331 builtin/archive.c:89
 msgid "write the archive to this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "归档写入此文件"
 
-#: archive.c:328
-#, fuzzy
+#: archive.c:333
 msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
-msgstr "%s:已经存在于工作区中"
+msgstr "读取工作区中的 .gitattributes"
 
-#: archive.c:329
+#: archive.c:334
 msgid "report archived files on stderr"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在标准错误上报告归档文件"
 
-#: archive.c:330
+#: archive.c:335
 msgid "store only"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只存储"
 
-#: archive.c:331
+#: archive.c:336
 msgid "compress faster"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "压缩速度更快"
 
-#: archive.c:339
+#: archive.c:344
 msgid "compress better"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "压缩效果更好"
 
-#: archive.c:342
+#: archive.c:347
 msgid "list supported archive formats"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出支持的归档格式"
 
-#: archive.c:344 builtin/archive.c:93 builtin/clone.c:85
+#: archive.c:349 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:84
 msgid "repo"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "版本库"
 
-#: archive.c:345 builtin/archive.c:94
+#: archive.c:350 builtin/archive.c:91
 msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从远程版本库(<版本库>)提取归档文件"
 
-#: archive.c:346 builtin/archive.c:95 builtin/notes.c:616
-#, fuzzy
+#: archive.c:351 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:487
 msgid "command"
-msgstr "运行 $command"
+msgstr "命令"
 
-#: archive.c:347 builtin/archive.c:96
+#: archive.c:352 builtin/archive.c:93
 msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-archive 命令的路径"
+
+#: attr.c:259
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
 msgstr ""
+"负值模版在 git attributes 中被忽略\n"
+"当字符串确实要以感叹号开始时,使用 '\\!'。"
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "未设置分支 %s 作为它自己的上游。"
+
+#: branch.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为使用变基来跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+msgstr "跟踪未设置:名字太长:%s"
+
+#: branch.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "未跟踪:引用 %s 有歧义"
+
+#: branch.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的分支名称。"
+
+#: branch.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "一个分支名 '%s' 已经存在。"
+
+#: branch.c:195
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "无法强制更新当前分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "无法设置跟踪信息;起始点 '%s' 不是一个分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "请求的上游分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: branch.c:219
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划基于远程一个现存的上游分支开始你的工作,\n"
+"您可能需要执行 \"git fetch\" 来获取分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划推送一个能与对应远程分支建立跟踪的新的本地分支,\n"
+"您可能需要使用 \"git push -u\" 推送分支并配置和上游的关联。"
+
+#: branch.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "歧义的对象名:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "无效的分支点:'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:295
+msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+msgstr "无法为更新锁定引用"
+
+#: branch.c:313
+msgid "Failed to write ref"
+msgstr "不能写引用"
 
 #: bundle.c:36
 #, c-format
@@ -141,7 +271,7 @@
 msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
 msgstr "未能识别的包头:%s%s (%d)"
 
-#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:714
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
@@ -150,35 +280,35 @@
 msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
 msgstr "版本库缺少这些必备的提交:"
 
-#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:557 sequencer.c:989 builtin/log.c:290
-#: builtin/log.c:727 builtin/log.c:1313 builtin/log.c:1529 builtin/merge.c:347
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:662 sequencer.c:1112 builtin/log.c:332
+#: builtin/log.c:821 builtin/log.c:1418 builtin/log.c:1644 builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
 msgid "revision walk setup failed"
 msgstr "版本遍历设置失败"
 
 #: bundle.c:186
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用"
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包中含有这个引用:"
+msgstr[1] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用:"
 
-#: bundle.c:192
+#: bundle.c:193
 msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
 msgstr "这个包记录一个完整历史。"
 
 #: bundle.c:195
 #, c-format
-msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
-msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
-msgstr[0] "这个包需要这个引用"
-msgstr[1] "这个包需要 %d 个这些引用"
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包需要这个引用:"
+msgstr[1] "这个包需要 %d 个引用:"
 
 #: bundle.c:294
 msgid "rev-list died"
 msgstr "rev-list 终止"
 
-#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1209 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: bundle.c:300 builtin/log.c:1329 builtin/shortlog.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
 msgstr "未能识别的参数:%s"
@@ -209,12 +339,12 @@
 msgid "index-pack died"
 msgstr "index-pack 终止"
 
-#: commit.c:48
+#: commit.c:53
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "不能解析 %s"
 
-#: commit.c:50
+#: commit.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s 不是一个提交!"
@@ -223,16 +353,16 @@
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "内存耗尽"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: connected.c:60
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "不能执行 'git rev-list'"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "无法写入 rev-list:%s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:88
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "无法关闭 rev-list 的标准输入:%s"
@@ -305,19 +435,24 @@
 msgstr[1] "%lu 年前"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:105
+#: diff.c:112
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 阈值 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 截止(cut-off)百分比 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:110
+#: diff.c:117
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  未知 dirstat 参数 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  未知的 dirstat 参数 '%s'\n"
 
 #: diff.c:210
 #, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "配置变量 'diff.submodule' 未知的取值:'%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:260
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
@@ -325,32 +460,7 @@
 "发现配置变量 'diff.dirstat' 中的错误:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1401
-msgid " 0 files changed"
-msgstr " 0 个文件被修改"
-
-#: diff.c:1405
-#, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
-msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
-
-#: diff.c:1422
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
-msgstr[1] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
-
-#: diff.c:1433
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
-msgstr[1] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3460
+#: diff.c:3490
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -359,7 +469,12 @@
 "无法解析 --dirstat/-X 选项的参数:\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解析 --submodule 选项的参数:'%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59 gpg-interface.c:131
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "不能执行 gpg。"
 
@@ -371,31 +486,45 @@
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg 无法为数据签名"
 
-#: grep.c:1320
+#: gpg-interface.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能创建临时文件 '%s':%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "无法将分离式签名写入 '%s':%s"
+
+#: grep.c:1695
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s':无法读取 %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1337
+#: grep.c:1712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s':%s"
 
-#: grep.c:1348
+#: grep.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s':读取不完整 %s"
 
-#: help.c:212
+#: help.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
 msgstr "在 '%s' 下可用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:219
+#: help.c:217
 msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
 msgstr "在 $PATH 路径中的其他地方可用的 git 命令"
 
-#: help.c:275
+#: help.c:233
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有:"
+
+#: help.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -404,11 +533,11 @@
 "'%s' 像是一个 git 命令,但却无法运行。\n"
 "可能是 git-%s 受损?"
 
-#: help.c:332
+#: help.c:347
 msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
 msgstr "唉呀,您的系统中未发现 Git 命令。"
 
-#: help.c:354
+#: help.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
@@ -417,17 +546,17 @@
 "警告:您运行一个不存在的 Git 命令 '%s'。继续执行假定您要要运行的\n"
 "是 '%s'"
 
-#: help.c:359
+#: help.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
 msgstr "在 %0.1f 秒钟后自动运行..."
 
-#: help.c:366
+#: help.c:381
 #, c-format
 msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
 msgstr "git:'%s' 不是一个 git 命令。参见 'git --help'。"
 
-#: help.c:370
+#: help.c:385 help.c:444
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Did you mean this?"
@@ -441,6 +570,20 @@
 "\n"
 "您指的是这其中的某一个么?"
 
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s:%s - %s"
+
+#: merge.c:56
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "无法读取缓存"
+
+#: merge.c:110 builtin/checkout.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:559
+#: builtin/clone.c:655
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+
 #: merge-recursive.c:190
 #, c-format
 msgid "(bad commit)\n"
@@ -451,70 +594,70 @@
 msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "为路径 '%s' addinfo_cache 失败"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:268
+#: merge-recursive.c:269
 msgid "error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:672
+#: merge-recursive.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
 msgstr "无法创建路径 '%s'%s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:683
+#: merge-recursive.c:684
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
 msgstr "删除 %s 以便为子目录留出空间\n"
 
 #. something else exists
 #. .. but not some other error (who really cares what?)
-#: merge-recursive.c:697 merge-recursive.c:718
+#: merge-recursive.c:698 merge-recursive.c:719
 msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
 msgstr ":可能是一个目录/文件冲突?"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:708
+#: merge-recursive.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
 msgstr "拒绝丢弃 '%s' 中的未跟踪文件"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:748
+#: merge-recursive.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取对象 %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:750
+#: merge-recursive.c:751
 #, c-format
 msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
-msgstr "%s '%s' 应为二进制对象(blob)"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 应为数据(blob)对象"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:773 builtin/clone.c:302
+#: merge-recursive.c:774 builtin/clone.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to open '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:781
+#: merge-recursive.c:782
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建符号链接 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:784
+#: merge-recursive.c:785
 #, c-format
 msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
 msgstr "不知道如何处理 %06o %s '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:922
+#: merge-recursive.c:923
 msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
 msgstr "无法执行内部合并"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:926
+#: merge-recursive.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
 msgstr "不能添加 %s 至对象库"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#: merge-recursive.c:943
 msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
 msgstr "在树中有不支持的对象类型"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1021 merge-recursive.c:1035
+#: merge-recursive.c:1022 merge-recursive.c:1036
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -523,7 +666,7 @@
 "冲突(%1$s/删除):%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除,在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
 "的版本被保留。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1027 merge-recursive.c:1040
+#: merge-recursive.c:1028 merge-recursive.c:1041
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
@@ -532,20 +675,20 @@
 "冲突(%1$s/删除):%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除,在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
 "的版本保留于 %8$s 中。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "rename"
 msgstr "重命名"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1081
+#: merge-recursive.c:1082
 msgid "renamed"
 msgstr "重命名"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1137
+#: merge-recursive.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "%s 是 %s 中的一个目录而以 %s 为名被添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1159
+#: merge-recursive.c:1160
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
@@ -554,177 +697,284 @@
 "冲突(重命名/重命名):在分支 \"%3$s\" 中重命名 \"%1$s\"->\"%2$s\",在分支 "
 "\"%6$s\" 中重命名 \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1164
+#: merge-recursive.c:1165
 msgid " (left unresolved)"
 msgstr "(留下未解决)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1218
+#: merge-recursive.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
 msgstr ""
 "冲突(重命名/重命名):在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s,在 %6$s 中重命名 %4$s->"
 "%5$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1248
+#: merge-recursive.c:1249
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
-msgstr "而是重命名 %s 至 %s 以及 %s 至 %s"
+msgstr "而是重命名 %s 至 %s,以及 %s 至 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1447
+#: merge-recursive.c:1448
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
 msgstr "冲突(重命名/添加):在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s。在 %5$s 中添加 %4$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1457
+#: merge-recursive.c:1458
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding merged %s"
 msgstr "添加合并后的 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1462 merge-recursive.c:1660
+#: merge-recursive.c:1463 merge-recursive.c:1661
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding as %s instead"
 msgstr "而是以 %s 为名添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1513
+#: merge-recursive.c:1514
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read object %s"
 msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1516
+#: merge-recursive.c:1517
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s is not a blob"
-msgstr "对象 %s 不是一个二进制对象(blob)"
+msgstr "对象 %s 不是一个数据(blob)对象"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modify"
 msgstr "修改"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1564
+#: merge-recursive.c:1565
 msgid "modified"
 msgstr "修改"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1574
+#: merge-recursive.c:1575
 msgid "content"
 msgstr "内容"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1581
+#: merge-recursive.c:1582
 msgid "add/add"
 msgstr "添加/添加"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1615
+#: merge-recursive.c:1616
 #, c-format
 msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
 msgstr "略过 %s(已经做过相同合并)"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1629
+#: merge-recursive.c:1630
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto-merging %s"
 msgstr "自动合并 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1633 git-submodule.sh:869
+#: merge-recursive.c:1634 git-submodule.sh:1125
 msgid "submodule"
 msgstr "子模组"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1634
+#: merge-recursive.c:1635
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
 msgstr "冲突(%s):合并冲突于 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1724
+#: merge-recursive.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s"
 msgstr "删除 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1749
+#: merge-recursive.c:1750
 msgid "file/directory"
 msgstr "文件/目录"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1755
+#: merge-recursive.c:1756
 msgid "directory/file"
 msgstr "目录/文件"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1760
+#: merge-recursive.c:1761
 #, c-format
 msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
 msgstr "冲突(%1$s):在 %3$s 中有一个名为 %2$s 的目录。以 %5$s 为名添加 %4$s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1770
+#: merge-recursive.c:1771
 #, c-format
 msgid "Adding %s"
 msgstr "添加 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1787
+#: merge-recursive.c:1788
 msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
 msgstr "严重的合并错误,不应发生。"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1806
+#: merge-recursive.c:1807
 msgid "Already up-to-date!"
 msgstr "已经是最新的!"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1815
+#: merge-recursive.c:1816
 #, c-format
 msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
 msgstr "无法合并树 %s 和 %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1845
+#: merge-recursive.c:1846
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
 msgstr "未处理的路径??? %s"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1890
+#: merge-recursive.c:1891
 msgid "Merging:"
 msgstr "合并:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1903
+#: merge-recursive.c:1904
 #, c-format
 msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
 msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
 msgstr[0] "发现 %u 个共同祖先:"
 msgstr[1] "发现 %u 个共同祖先:"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1940
+#: merge-recursive.c:1941
 msgid "merge returned no commit"
 msgstr "合并未返回提交"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:1997
+#: merge-recursive.c:1998
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
 msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'"
 
-#: merge-recursive.c:2009 builtin/merge.c:696
+#: merge-recursive.c:2010 builtin/merge.c:672
 msgid "Unable to write index."
 msgstr "不能写入索引。"
 
-#: parse-options.c:494
+#: notes-utils.c:40
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "不能提交未初始化/未引用的注解树"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的 notes.rewriteMode 值:'%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "拒绝向 %s(在 refs/notes/ 之外)写入注解"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:118
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的 %s 值:'%s'"
+
+#: object.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "不能解析对象:%s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:537
 msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
-#: parse-options.c:512
+#: parse-options.c:555
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s"
 msgstr "用法:%s"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
 #. one in "usage: %s" translation
-#: parse-options.c:516
+#: parse-options.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "   or: %s"
 msgstr "  或:%s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: parse-options.c:519
+#: parse-options.c:562
 #, c-format
 msgid "    %s"
 msgstr "    %s"
 
-#: remote.c:1632
+#: parse-options.c:596
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-数字"
+
+#: pathspec.c:118
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "全局的 'glob' 和 'noglob' 路径规则设置不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:128
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "全局的 'literal' 路径规则设置和其它的全局路径规则设置不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:158
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "路径规则包含无效的神奇前缀"
+
+#: pathspec.c:164
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "在路径规则 '%3$s' 中无效的神奇前缀 '%2$.*1$s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 的神奇前缀结尾少了一个 ')'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%2$s' 中包含未实现的神奇前缀 '%1$c'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s:'literal' 和 'glob' 不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:222
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s:'%s' 在版本库之外"
+
+#: pathspec.c:278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 在子模组 '%.*s' 中"
+
+#.
+#. * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+#. * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+#. * "checkout -p"
+#.
+#: pathspec.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s:路径规则神奇前缀不被此命令支持:%s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 位于符号链接中"
+
+#: remote.c:1833
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支基于 '%s',但此上游分支已经不存在。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1837
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git branch --unset-upstream\" 来修复)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1840
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支与上游分支 '%s' 一致。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1638
+#: remote.c:1850
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git push\" 来发布您的本地提交)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -732,7 +982,12 @@
 msgstr[0] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交,并且可以快进。\n"
 msgstr[1] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交,并且可以快进。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1646
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:1861
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git pull\" 来更新您的本地分支)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1864
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -747,19 +1002,33 @@
 "您的分支和 '%s' 出现了偏离,\n"
 "并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:864 builtin/merge.c:977
-#: builtin/merge.c:1087 builtin/merge.c:1097
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:1874
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git pull\" 来合并远程分支)\n"
+
+#: run-command.c:80
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "不能打开 /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "不能调用 dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: sequencer.c:206 builtin/merge.c:790 builtin/merge.c:903
+#: builtin/merge.c:1013 builtin/merge.c:1023
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr "不能为写入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:867
-#: builtin/merge.c:1089 builtin/merge.c:1102
+#: sequencer.c:208 builtin/merge.c:350 builtin/merge.c:793
+#: builtin/merge.c:1015 builtin/merge.c:1028
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr "不能写入 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:144
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
@@ -767,7 +1036,7 @@
 "冲突解决完毕后,用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "命令标记修正后的文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:147
+#: sequencer.c:232
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
@@ -776,794 +1045,1050 @@
 "冲突解决完毕后,用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "对修正后的文件做标记,然后用 'git commit' 提交"
 
-#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:765 sequencer.c:848
+#: sequencer.c:245 sequencer.c:870 sequencer.c:953
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "不能写入 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:163
+#: sequencer.c:248
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:178
+#: sequencer.c:263
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被拣选操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:180
+#: sequencer.c:265
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被还原操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:183
+#: sequencer.c:268
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "提交您的修改或保存进度后再继续。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:233
+#: sequencer.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "%s:无法写入新索引文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:261
+#: sequencer.c:356
 msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:282
+#: sequencer.c:378
 msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
 msgstr "不能更新缓存\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:327
+#: sequencer.c:423
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
 msgstr "不能解析提交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:332
+#: sequencer.c:428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr "不能解析父提交 %s\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:398
+#: sequencer.c:494
 msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr "您的索引文件未完成合并。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:401
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
-
-#: sequencer.c:416
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "提交 %s 是一个合并提交但未提供 -m 选项。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:424
+#: sequencer.c:521
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "提交 %s 没有父提交 %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:428
+#: sequencer.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr "指定了主线但提交 %s 不是一个合并。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:439
+#: sequencer.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s:不能解析父提交 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:443
+#: sequencer.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "不能得到 %s 的提交说明"
 
-#: sequencer.c:527
+#: sequencer.c:628
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能还原 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:528
+#: sequencer.c:629
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能应用 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:560
+#: sequencer.c:665
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "提供了空的提交集"
 
-#: sequencer.c:568
+#: sequencer.c:673
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr "git %s:无法读取索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr "git %s:无法刷新索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:631
+#: sequencer.c:736
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr "无法 %s 在一个 %s 过程中"
 
-#: sequencer.c:653
+#: sequencer.c:758
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr "不能解析第 %d 行。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:658
+#: sequencer.c:763
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr "没有提交被解析。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:671
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:675
+#: sequencer.c:780
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "不能读取 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:682
+#: sequencer.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "无用的指令表单:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:710
+#: sequencer.c:815
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "无效键名:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:713
+#: sequencer.c:818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr "%s 的值无效:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:725
+#: sequencer.c:830
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "非法的选项表单:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:746
+#: sequencer.c:851
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "一个拣选或还原操作已在进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:747
+#: sequencer.c:852
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "尝试 \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:751
+#: sequencer.c:856
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr "不能创建序列目录 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:767 sequencer.c:852
+#: sequencer.c:872 sequencer.c:957
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:786 sequencer.c:920
+#: sequencer.c:891 sequencer.c:1025
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr "拣选或还原操作并未进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:788
+#: sequencer.c:893
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:790
+#: sequencer.c:895
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "不能从尚未建立的分支终止"
 
-#: sequencer.c:812 builtin/apply.c:4005
+#: sequencer.c:917 builtin/apply.c:4061
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:815
+#: sequencer.c:920
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能读取 %s:%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:816
+#: sequencer.c:921
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr "意外的文件结束"
 
-#: sequencer.c:822
+#: sequencer.c:927
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr "保存拣选提交前的 HEAD 文件 '%s' 损坏"
 
-#: sequencer.c:845
+#: sequencer.c:950
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "不能格式化 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1007
+#: sequencer.c:1093
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s:不能拣选一个%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1096
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s:错误的版本"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1130
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "不能作为初始提交还原"
 
-#: sequencer.c:1008
+#: sequencer.c:1131
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "不能拣选到空分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1044
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git 通常不会创建一个以40位十六进制字符命名的引用,因为当你提供40位\n"
+"十六进制字符时将被忽略。不过这些引用也可能被错误地创建。例如:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"当 \"$br\" 空白时一个40位十六进制的引用将被创建。请检查这些引用,\n"
+"可能需要删除它们。用 \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"命令关闭本消息通知。"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1112
 msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有指向一个分支"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1047
+#: sha1_name.c:1115
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
 msgstr "没有此分支:'%s'"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1049
+#: sha1_name.c:1117
 #, c-format
 msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
 msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
 
-#: sha1_name.c:1052
+#: sha1_name.c:1121
 #, c-format
 msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
 msgstr "上游分支 '%s' 没有存储为一个远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: wrapper.c:408
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
-msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "无法修改未合并的 .gitmodules,先解决合并冲突"
 
-#: wrapper.c:426
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "无法在 .gitmodules 中找到 path=%s 的小节"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "不能更新 .gitmodules 条目 %s"
+
+#. Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "无法移除 %s 的 .gitmodules 条目"
+
+#: submodule.c:127
+msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+msgstr "无法在索引中找到 .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:133
+msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "读取更新后的 .gitmodules 失败"
+
+#: submodule.c:135
+msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+msgstr "不能枚举更新后的 .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:139
+msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+msgstr "不能从索引中移除 .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:141
+msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "添加更新后的 .gitmodules 失败"
+
+#: submodule.c:143
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "将更新后 .gitmodules 添加暂存区失败"
+
+#: submodule.c:1144 builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "不能创建 git link %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1155
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "不能在 %s 中设置 core.worktree"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "无效的 URL 方案名称或丢失 '://' 后缀"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "无效的 %XX 转义序列"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "缺失主机名且URL方案不是 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "一个 'file:' URL 不应该包含端口号"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "主机名中包含无效的字符"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "无效的端口号"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "无效的 '..' 路径片段"
+
+#: wrapper.c:422
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s':%s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:443
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:454
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
-msgstr "无法在 passwd 文件中查询到该用户:%s"
+msgstr "无法在口令文件中查询到当前用户:%s"
 
-#: wrapper.c:427
+#: wrapper.c:455
 msgid "no such user"
 msgstr "无此用户"
 
-#: wt-status.c:140
+#: wt-status.c:146
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "未合并的路径:"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:167 wt-status.c:194
+#: wt-status.c:173 wt-status.c:200
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git reset %s <file>...\" 撤出暂存区)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:169 wt-status.c:196
+#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:202
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git rm --cached <file>...\" 撤出暂存区)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:179
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git add <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:175 wt-status.c:179
+#: wt-status.c:181 wt-status.c:185
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (酌情使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:177
+#: wt-status.c:183
 msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:188
+#: wt-status.c:194
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "要提交的变更:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:206
+#: wt-status.c:212
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr "尚未暂存以备提交的变更:"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:210
+#: wt-status.c:216
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git add <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:218
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:219
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git checkout -- <file>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:221
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr "  (提交或丢弃子模组中未跟踪或修改的内容)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:227
+#: wt-status.c:233
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git %s <file>...\" 以包含要提交的内容)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:244
+#: wt-status.c:250
 msgid "bug"
 msgstr "bug"
 
-#: wt-status.c:249
+#: wt-status.c:255
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "双方删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "由我们添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:251
+#: wt-status.c:257
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "由他们删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "由他们添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:253
+#: wt-status.c:259
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "由我们删除:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:254
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "双方添加:"
 
-#: wt-status.c:255
+#: wt-status.c:261
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "双方修改:"
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:285
+#: wt-status.c:291
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr "新提交, "
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:293
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr "修改的内容, "
 
 #  译者:末尾两个字节可能被删减,如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
-#: wt-status.c:289
+#: wt-status.c:295
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr "未跟踪的内容, "
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:303
+#: wt-status.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file:   %s"
 msgstr "新文件:    %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:306
+#: wt-status.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
 msgstr "拷贝:      %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:309
+#: wt-status.c:318
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted:    %s"
 msgstr "删除:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:312
+#: wt-status.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "modified:   %s"
 msgstr "修改:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:315
+#: wt-status.c:324
 #, c-format
 msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
 msgstr "重命名:    %s -> %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:318
+#: wt-status.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "typechange: %s"
 msgstr "类型变更:  %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:321
+#: wt-status.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown:    %s"
 msgstr "未知:      %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: wt-status.c:324
+#: wt-status.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "unmerged:   %s"
 msgstr "未合并:    %s"
 
-#: wt-status.c:327
+#: wt-status.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr "bug:未处理的差异状态 %c"
 
-#: wt-status.c:785
+#: wt-status.c:703
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "子模组已修改但尚未更新:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:705
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "要提交的子模组变更:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:848
 msgid "You have unmerged paths."
 msgstr "您有尚未合并的路径。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:788 wt-status.c:912
+#: wt-status.c:851
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
 msgstr "  (解决冲突并运行 \"git commit\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:791
+#: wt-status.c:854
 msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
 msgstr "所有冲突已解决但您仍处于合并中。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:794
+#: wt-status.c:857
 msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git commit\" 结束合并)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:804
+#: wt-status.c:867
 msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
 msgstr "您正处于一个 am 过程中。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:807
+#: wt-status.c:870
 msgid "The current patch is empty."
 msgstr "当前的补丁为空。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:811
-msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
-msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git am --resolved\")"
+#: wt-status.c:874
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git am --continue\")"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:813
+#: wt-status.c:876
 msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git am --skip\" 跳过此补丁)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:815
+#: wt-status.c:878
 msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git am --abort\" 恢复原有分支)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:873 wt-status.c:883
+#: wt-status.c:938 wt-status.c:955
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s'。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:943 wt-status.c:960
 msgid "You are currently rebasing."
 msgstr "您正在变基。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:876
+#: wt-status.c:946
 msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:878
+#: wt-status.c:948
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git rebase --skip\" 跳过此补丁)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:880
+#: wt-status.c:950
 msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git rebase --abort\" 以检出原有分支)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:886
+#: wt-status.c:963
 msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (所有冲突已解决:运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:888
+#: wt-status.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 过程中拆分一个提交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
 msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "您正在变基过程中拆分一个提交。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:891
+#: wt-status.c:975
 msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
 msgstr "  (一旦您工作目录提交干净后,运行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:893
+#: wt-status.c:979
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 过程中编辑一个提交。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:984
 msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr "您正在变基过程中编辑一个提交。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:896
+#: wt-status.c:987
 msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git commit --amend\" 修补当前提交)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:898
+#: wt-status.c:989
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
 msgstr "  (当您对您的修改满意后执行 \"git rebase --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:908
-msgid "You are currently cherry-picking."
-msgstr "您正在做拣选操作。"
+#: wt-status.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "您正在做拣选提交 %s。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:915
-msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
-msgstr "  (解决所有冲突后,执行 \"git commit\")"
+#: wt-status.c:1004
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突并运行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
 
-#: wt-status.c:924
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1007
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (所有冲突已解决:运行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1009
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git cherry-pick --abort\" 以取消拣选操作)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1018
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "您正在反转提交 %s 。"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1023
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (解决冲突并运行 \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1026
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (所有冲突已解决:运行 \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1028
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (使用 \"git revert --abort\" 以取消反转提交操作)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1039
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "您正在从分支 '%s' 开始做二分查找。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1043
 msgid "You are currently bisecting."
 msgstr "您正在做二分查找。"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:927
+#: wt-status.c:1046
 msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
 msgstr "  (使用 \"git bisect reset\" 以回到原有分支)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:978
+#: wt-status.c:1221
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "位于分支 "
 
-#: wt-status.c:985
+#: wt-status.c:1228
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "变基正在进行中;至 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1235
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "头指针分离于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1237
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "头指针分离自 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1240
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "当前不在任何分支上。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:997
+#: wt-status.c:1257
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "初始提交"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1011
-#, fuzzy
+#: wt-status.c:1271
 msgid "Untracked files"
-msgstr "未跟踪的"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1013
-#, fuzzy
+#: wt-status.c:1273
 msgid "Ignored files"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+msgstr "忽略的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1015
+#: wt-status.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno' 也许能提高速度,\n"
+"但您需要小心不要忘了添加新文件(参见 'git help status')。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1283
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "未跟踪的文件没有列出%s"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1017
+#: wt-status.c:1285
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr "(使用 -u 参数显示未跟踪的文件)"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1023
+#: wt-status.c:1291
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "没有修改"
 
-#  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1028
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1296
+#, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
-msgstr "(使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\")"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交(使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\")\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1031
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1299
+#, c-format
 msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
-msgstr "修改尚未加入提交%s\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1034
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1302
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
 "track)\n"
-msgstr "空提交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgstr "提交为空,但是存在尚未跟踪的文件(使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1037
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1305
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
-msgstr "空提交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgstr "提交为空,但是存在尚未跟踪的文件\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1040
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1308
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
-msgstr "(新建/拷贝的文件使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)"
+msgstr "无文件要提交(创建/拷贝文件并使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪)\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1043 wt-status.c:1048
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1311 wt-status.c:1316
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit\n"
-msgstr "无须提交%s\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1046
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1314
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
-msgstr "(使用 -u 显示未跟踪文件)"
+msgstr "无文件要提交(使用 -u 显示未跟踪的文件)\n"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:1050
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: wt-status.c:1318
+#, c-format
 msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
-msgstr "(干净的工作区)"
+msgstr "无文件要提交,干净的工作区\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:1158
+#: wt-status.c:1427
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD(非分支)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1164
+#: wt-status.c:1433
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "初始提交于 "
 
+#: wt-status.c:1463
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "丢失"
+
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1179
+#: wt-status.c:1465
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "落后 "
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1182 wt-status.c:1185
+#: wt-status.c:1468 wt-status.c:1471
 msgid "ahead "
 msgstr "领先 "
 
 #  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:1187
+#: wt-status.c:1473
 msgid ", behind "
 msgstr ",落后 "
 
-#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:58 builtin/clone.c:341
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:19
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git add [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+#: builtin/add.c:20
+msgid "git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [选项] [--] <路径规则>..."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#  译者:字符串首行行首要添加“warning: ”字串,故此首行要较其余行短
+#.
+#. * To be consistent with "git add -p" and most Git
+#. * commands, we should default to being tree-wide, but
+#. * this is not the original behavior and can't be
+#. * changed until users trained themselves not to type
+#. * "git add -u" or "git add -A". For now, we warn and
+#. * keep the old behavior. Later, the behavior can be changed
+#. * to tree-wide, keeping the warning for a while, and
+#. * eventually we can drop the warning.
+#.
+#: builtin/add.c:58
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+"subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+"anymore.\n"
+"To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (or git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+"directory.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"在 Git 2.0 版本,位于一个子目录下不带任何路径参数地执行命令\n"
+"'git add %s (或 %s)' 的行为将被改变,不要再继续使用了。\n"
+"如果要添加整个目录树的内容,执行:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s :/\n"
+"  (或 git add %s :/)\n"
+"\n"
+"如果要限制该命令只作用于当前目录,执行:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git add %s .\n"
+"  (或 git add %s .)\n"
+"\n"
+"对于当前版本的 Git,这条命令只作用于当前目录。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.\n"
+"Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+"removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+"  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您在运行 'git add' 时没有指定 '-A (--all)' 或 '--ignore-removal',\n"
+"针对其中本地移除路径的行为将在 Git 2.0 版本库发生变化。\n"
+"像本地工作区移除的路径 '%s'\n"
+"在此版本的 Git 中被忽略。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --ignore-removal <路径规则>',是当前版本的默认操作,\n"
+"  忽略您本地工作区中移除的文件。\n"
+"\n"
+"* 'git add --all <路径规则>' 将让您同时对删除操作进行记录。\n"
+"\n"
+"运行 'git status' 来检查您本地工作区中移除的路径。\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "意外的差异状态 %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:229
+#: builtin/add.c:149 builtin/commit.c:260
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "更新文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:163
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "删除 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:237
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr "刷新索引之后尚未被暂存的变更:"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:460 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 未匹配任何文件"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' 位于符号链接中"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:299
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr "不能读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s' 以写入。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:314
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr "不能生成补丁"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr "不能查看文件状态 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:321
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "空补丁。异常终止。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr "不能应用 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:313
+#: builtin/add.c:337
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr "下列路径根据您的一个 .gitignore 文件而被忽略:\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:319 builtin/clean.c:52 builtin/fetch.c:78 builtin/mv.c:63
-#: builtin/prune-packed.c:76 builtin/push.c:388 builtin/remote.c:1253
-#: builtin/rm.c:133
+#: builtin/add.c:354 builtin/clean.c:875 builtin/fetch.c:92 builtin/mv.c:66
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:73 builtin/push.c:459 builtin/remote.c:1253
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
 msgid "dry run"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "演习"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:320 builtin/apply.c:4354 builtin/commit.c:1187
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:82 builtin/fsck.c:613 builtin/log.c:1477
-#: builtin/mv.c:62 builtin/read-tree.c:112
+#: builtin/add.c:355 builtin/apply.c:4410 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1249 builtin/count-objects.c:95 builtin/fsck.c:612
+#: builtin/log.c:1592 builtin/mv.c:65 builtin/read-tree.c:113
 msgid "be verbose"
 msgstr "冗长输出"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:322
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 msgid "interactive picking"
-msgstr "交互式添加失败"
+msgstr "交互式拣选"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:323 builtin/checkout.c:1028 builtin/reset.c:248
+#: builtin/add.c:358 builtin/checkout.c:1109 builtin/reset.c:272
 msgid "select hunks interactively"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "交互式挑选数据块"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:324
+#: builtin/add.c:359
 msgid "edit current diff and apply"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "编辑当前差异并应用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:325
+#: builtin/add.c:360
 msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "允许添加忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:326
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/add.c:361
 msgid "update tracked files"
-msgstr "无法存储包文件"
+msgstr "更新已跟踪的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:327
+#: builtin/add.c:362
 msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只记录,该路径稍后再添加"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:328
+#: builtin/add.c:363
 msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加所有改变的已跟踪文件和未跟踪文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:329
-#, fuzzy
+#. takes no arguments
+#: builtin/add.c:366
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "忽略工作区中移除的路径(和 --no-all 相同)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:368
 msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
-msgstr "git %s:无法刷新索引"
+msgstr "不添加,只刷新索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:330
+#: builtin/add.c:369
 msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过因出错不能添加的文件"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:331
+#: builtin/add.c:370
 msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检查在演习模式下文件(即使不存在)是否被忽略"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
+#: builtin/add.c:392
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr "使用 -f 参数如果您确实要添加它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:354
+#: builtin/add.c:393
 msgid "no files added"
 msgstr "没有文件被添加"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:360
+#: builtin/add.c:399
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "添加文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:392
+#: builtin/add.c:438
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A 和 -u 选项互斥"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:394
+#: builtin/add.c:456
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing 只能和 --dry-run 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:486
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr "没有指定文件,也没有文件被添加。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:415
+#: builtin/add.c:487
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "也许您想要执行 'git add .'?\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:421 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:289 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:492 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:919
+#: builtin/commit.c:320 builtin/mv.c:86 builtin/reset.c:224 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr "索引文件损坏"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:481 builtin/apply.c:4450 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:589 builtin/apply.c:4506 builtin/mv.c:259 builtin/rm.c:432
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr "无法写入新索引文件"
 
@@ -1616,17 +2141,17 @@
 msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
 msgstr "git apply:错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行处应为 /dev/null"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1420
+#: builtin/apply.c:1422
 #, c-format
 msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
 msgstr "recount:意外的行:%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1477
+#: builtin/apply.c:1479
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "第 %d 行的补丁片段没有头信息:%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1494
+#: builtin/apply.c:1496
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
@@ -1637,82 +2162,78 @@
 msgstr[0] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息(第 %d 行)"
 msgstr[1] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息(第 %d 行)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1654
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
 msgid "new file depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件依赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
 msgid "deleted file still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件仍有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1682
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
 msgstr "补丁在第 %d 行损坏"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1718
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
 #, c-format
 msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
 msgstr "新文件 %s 依赖旧内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
 #, c-format
 msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
 msgstr "删除的文件 %s 仍有内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1723
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
 #, c-format
 msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
 msgstr "** 警告:文件 %s 成为空文件但并未删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1869
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
 #, c-format
 msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
 msgstr "二进制补丁在第 %d 行损坏:%.*s"
 
 #. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
-#: builtin/apply.c:1898
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
 msgstr "未能识别的二进制补丁位于第 %d 行"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:1984
+#: builtin/apply.c:1986
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
 msgstr "补丁文件的第 %d 行只有垃圾数据"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2074
+#: builtin/apply.c:2076
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
 msgstr "无法读取符号链接 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2078
+#: builtin/apply.c:2080
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to open or read %s"
 msgstr "不能打开或读取 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2149
-msgid "oops"
-msgstr "哎哟"
-
-#: builtin/apply.c:2671
+#: builtin/apply.c:2688
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
 msgstr "无效的行首字符:'%c'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2789
+#: builtin/apply.c:2806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
 msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
-msgstr[0] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d (偏移 %d 行)"
-msgstr[1] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d (偏移 %d 行)"
+msgstr[0] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d(偏移 %d 行)"
+msgstr[1] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d(偏移 %d 行)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2801
+#: builtin/apply.c:2818
 #, c-format
 msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
 msgstr "上下文减少到(%ld/%ld)以在第 %d 行应用补丁片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2807
+#: builtin/apply.c:2824
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "while searching for:\n"
@@ -1721,319 +2242,318 @@
 "当查询:\n"
 "%.*s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2826
+#: builtin/apply.c:2843
 #, c-format
 msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
 msgstr "缺失 '%s' 的二进制补丁数据"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2929
+#: builtin/apply.c:2946
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
 msgstr "二进制补丁未应用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#: builtin/apply.c:2952
 #, c-format
 msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
 msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补丁产生了不正确的结果(应为 %s,却为 %s)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:2956
+#: builtin/apply.c:2973
 #, c-format
 msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
 msgstr "打补丁失败:%s:%ld"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3078
+#: builtin/apply.c:3095
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot checkout %s"
 msgstr "不能检出 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3123 builtin/apply.c:3132 builtin/apply.c:3176
+#: builtin/apply.c:3140 builtin/apply.c:3149 builtin/apply.c:3194
 #, c-format
 msgid "read of %s failed"
 msgstr "读取 %s 失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3156 builtin/apply.c:3378
+#: builtin/apply.c:3174 builtin/apply.c:3396
 #, c-format
 msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
 msgstr "路径 %s 已经被重命名/删除"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3237 builtin/apply.c:3392
+#: builtin/apply.c:3255 builtin/apply.c:3410
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
 msgstr "%s:不存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3241 builtin/apply.c:3384 builtin/apply.c:3406
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259 builtin/apply.c:3402 builtin/apply.c:3424
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s"
 msgstr "%s:%s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3246 builtin/apply.c:3400
+#: builtin/apply.c:3264 builtin/apply.c:3418
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: does not match index"
 msgstr "%s:和索引不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3348
+#: builtin/apply.c:3366
 msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
 msgstr "移除补丁仍留下了文件内容"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3417
+#: builtin/apply.c:3435
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: wrong type"
 msgstr "%s:错误类型"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3419
+#: builtin/apply.c:3437
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
 msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o,应为 %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3520
+#: builtin/apply.c:3538
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in index"
 msgstr "%s:已经存在于索引中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3523
+#: builtin/apply.c:3541
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
 msgstr "%s:已经存在于工作区中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3543
+#: builtin/apply.c:3561
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模式(%1$o)和旧模式(%3$o)不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#: builtin/apply.c:3566
 #, c-format
 msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
 msgstr "%2$s 的新模式(%1$o)和 %4$s 的旧模式(%3$o)不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3556
+#: builtin/apply.c:3574
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
 msgstr "%s:补丁未应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3569
+#: builtin/apply.c:3587
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking patch %s..."
 msgstr "检查补丁 %s..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3624 builtin/checkout.c:215 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/apply.c:3680 builtin/checkout.c:213 builtin/reset.c:127
 #, c-format
 msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
 msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry 操作失败"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3767
+#: builtin/apply.c:3823
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
 msgstr "不能从索引中移除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#: builtin/apply.c:3851
 #, c-format
-msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
-msgstr "子项目 %s 损坏的补丁"
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "子模组 %s 损坏的补丁"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能枚举新建文件 '%s' 的状态"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3804
+#: builtin/apply.c:3860
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
 msgstr "不能为新建文件 %s 创建后端存储"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3807 builtin/apply.c:3915
+#: builtin/apply.c:3863 builtin/apply.c:3971
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 添加缓存条目"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+#: builtin/apply.c:3896
 #, c-format
 msgid "closing file '%s'"
 msgstr "关闭文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3889
+#: builtin/apply.c:3945
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
 msgstr "不能写文件 '%s' 权限 %o"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+#: builtin/apply.c:4032
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
 msgstr "成功应用补丁 %s。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3984
+#: builtin/apply.c:4040
 msgid "internal error"
 msgstr "内部错误"
 
 #. Say this even without --verbose
-#: builtin/apply.c:3987
+#: builtin/apply.c:4043
 #, c-format
 msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
 msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
 msgstr[0] "应用 %%s 个补丁,其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
 msgstr[1] "应用 %%s 个补丁,其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:3997
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
 #, c-format
 msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
 msgstr "截短 .rej 文件名为 %.*s.rej"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
 #, c-format
 msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
 msgstr "第 #%d 个片段成功应用。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+#: builtin/apply.c:4077
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
 msgstr "拒绝第 #%d 个片段。"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4171
+#: builtin/apply.c:4227
 msgid "unrecognized input"
 msgstr "未能识别的输入"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4182
+#: builtin/apply.c:4238
 msgid "unable to read index file"
 msgstr "无法读取索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4301 builtin/apply.c:4304 builtin/clone.c:91
-#: builtin/fetch.c:63
+#: builtin/apply.c:4357 builtin/apply.c:4360 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/fetch.c:77
 msgid "path"
 msgstr "路径"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4302
+#: builtin/apply.c:4358
 msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "不要应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4305
+#: builtin/apply.c:4361
 msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
 msgstr "应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4307
+#: builtin/apply.c:4363
 msgid "num"
 msgstr "数字"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4308
+#: builtin/apply.c:4364
 msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
-msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除 <数字> 个前导路径"
+msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除指定数量的前导斜线"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4311
+#: builtin/apply.c:4367
 msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
 msgstr "忽略补丁中的添加的文件"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4313
+#: builtin/apply.c:4369
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是显示输入的差异统计(diffstat)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4317
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/apply.c:4373
 msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
-msgstr "以数字方式显示添加或删除行的数量"
+msgstr "以十进制数显示添加和删除的行数"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4319
+#: builtin/apply.c:4375
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是显示输入的概要"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4321
+#: builtin/apply.c:4377
 msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
 msgstr "不应用补丁,而是查看补丁是否可应用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4323
+#: builtin/apply.c:4379
 msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
 msgstr "确认补丁可以应用到当前索引"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4325
+#: builtin/apply.c:4381
 msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
 msgstr "应用补丁而不修改工作区"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4327
+#: builtin/apply.c:4383
 msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
 msgstr "还应用此补丁(与 --stat/--summary/--check 选项同时使用)"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4329
+#: builtin/apply.c:4385
 msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
 msgstr "如果一个补丁不能应用则尝试三路合并"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4331
+#: builtin/apply.c:4387
 msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
 msgstr "创建一个临时索引基于嵌入的索引信息"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4333 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:460
+#: builtin/apply.c:4389 builtin/checkout-index.c:197 builtin/ls-files.c:452
 msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
 msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4336
+#: builtin/apply.c:4392
 msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
 msgstr "确保至少匹配 <n> 行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4337
+#: builtin/apply.c:4393
 msgid "action"
 msgstr "动作"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4338
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
 msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
 msgstr "检查新增和修改的行中间的空白字符滥用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4341 builtin/apply.c:4344
+#: builtin/apply.c:4397 builtin/apply.c:4400
 msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
 msgstr "查找上下文时忽略空白字符的变更"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4347
+#: builtin/apply.c:4403
 msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
 msgstr "反向应用补丁"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4349
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
 msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
 msgstr "无需至少一行上下文"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4351
+#: builtin/apply.c:4407
 msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
 msgstr "将拒绝的补丁片段保存在对应的 *.rej 文件中"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4353
+#: builtin/apply.c:4409
 msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
 msgstr "允许重叠的补丁片段"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4356
+#: builtin/apply.c:4412
 msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
 msgstr "允许不正确的文件末尾换行符"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4359
+#: builtin/apply.c:4415
 msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
 msgstr "不信任补丁片段的头信息中的行号"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4361
+#: builtin/apply.c:4417
 msgid "root"
 msgstr "根目录"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4362
+#: builtin/apply.c:4418
 msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
 msgstr "为所有文件名前添加 <根目录>"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4384
+#: builtin/apply.c:4440
 msgid "--3way outside a repository"
 msgstr "--3way 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4392
+#: builtin/apply.c:4448
 msgid "--index outside a repository"
 msgstr "--index 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4395
+#: builtin/apply.c:4451
 msgid "--cached outside a repository"
 msgstr "--cached 在一个版本库之外"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4411
+#: builtin/apply.c:4467
 #, c-format
 msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开补丁 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4425
+#: builtin/apply.c:4481
 #, c-format
 msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
 msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
 msgstr[0] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 msgstr[1] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
 
-#: builtin/apply.c:4431 builtin/apply.c:4441
+#: builtin/apply.c:4487 builtin/apply.c:4497
 #, c-format
 msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
 msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
@@ -2057,158 +2577,154 @@
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr "git archive:应为ACK/NACK,却得到EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr "git archive:NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "远程错误:%s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr "git archive:协议错误"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr "git archive:应为刷新"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
 msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
 msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "执行 'git bisect next'"
 
 #: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
 msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新 BISECT_HEAD 而非检出当前提交"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:25
+#: builtin/blame.c:27
 msgid "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git blame [选项] [版本选项] [版本] [--] 文件"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:30 builtin/shortlog.c:15
+#: builtin/blame.c:32
 msgid "[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "[版本选项] 的文档记录在 git-rev-list(1) 中"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2316
+#: builtin/blame.c:2248
 msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "增量式地显示发现的 blame 条目"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2317
+#: builtin/blame.c:2249
 msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "边界提交显示空的 SHA-1(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2318
+#: builtin/blame.c:2250
 msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不把根提交作为边界(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2319
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2251
 msgid "Show work cost statistics"
-msgstr "显示工作区状态"
+msgstr "显示命令消耗统计"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2320
+#: builtin/blame.c:2252
 msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示判断 blame 条目位移的得分诊断信息"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2321
+#: builtin/blame.c:2253
 msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始文件名(默认:自动)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2322
+#: builtin/blame.c:2254
 msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始的行号(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2323
+#: builtin/blame.c:2255
 msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示为一个适合机器读取的格式"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2324
+#: builtin/blame.c:2256
 msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为每一行显示机器适用的提交信息"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2325
+#: builtin/blame.c:2257
 msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用和 git-annotate 相同的输出模式(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2326
+#: builtin/blame.c:2258
 msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示原始时间戳(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2327
+#: builtin/blame.c:2259
 msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示长的SHA1提交号(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2328
+#: builtin/blame.c:2260
 msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "隐藏作者名字和时间戳(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2329
+#: builtin/blame.c:2261
 msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示作者的邮箱而不是名字(默认:关闭)"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2330
+#: builtin/blame.c:2262
 msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略空白差异"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2331
+#: builtin/blame.c:2263
 msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "花费额外的循环来找到更好的匹配"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2332
+#: builtin/blame.c:2264
 msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用来自 <file> 的修订集而不是调用 git-rev-list"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2333
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2265
 msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
-msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+msgstr "使用 <file> 的内容作为最终的图片"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2334 builtin/blame.c:2335
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266 builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "score"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "得分"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2334
+#: builtin/blame.c:2266
 msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行拷贝"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2335
+#: builtin/blame.c:2267
 msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行移动"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2336
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "n,m"
-msgstr "数字"
+msgstr "n,m"
 
-#: builtin/blame.c:2336
+#: builtin/blame.c:2268
 msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:23
-msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只处理行范围在 n 和 m 之间的,从 1 开始"
 
 #: builtin/branch.c:24
-msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
 
 #: builtin/branch.c:25
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgid "git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-l] [-f] <分支名> [<起始点>]"
 
 #: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>..."
+msgstr "git branch [选项] [-r] (-d | -D) <分支名>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
 msgid "git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git branch [选项] (-m | -M) [<旧分支>] <新分支>"
 
 #  译者:保持原换行格式,在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
-#: builtin/branch.c:145
+#: builtin/branch.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
@@ -2218,7 +2734,7 @@
 "         '%s',但未合并到 HEAD。"
 
 #  译者:保持原换行格式,在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
-#: builtin/branch.c:149
+#: builtin/branch.c:154
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
@@ -2227,35 +2743,12 @@
 "并未删除分支 '%s', 虽然它已经合并到 HEAD,\n"
 "         然而却尚未被合并到分支 '%s' 。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:181
-msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 同时使用"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:187
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
-msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指向的提交对象"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
-#, c-format
-msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
-msgstr "无法删除您当前所在的分支 '%s'。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:203
-#, c-format
-msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未发现。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:204
-#, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "分支 '%s' 未发现。"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:211
+#: builtin/branch.c:168
 #, c-format
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指向的提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:217
+#: builtin/branch.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
@@ -2264,257 +2757,364 @@
 "分支 '%s' 没有完全合并。\n"
 "如果您确认要删除它,执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#: builtin/branch.c:185
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:213
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:219
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指向的提交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "无法删除您当前所在的分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未发现。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 未发现。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除远程分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:227
+#: builtin/branch.c:256
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr "删除分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#: builtin/branch.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除远程分支 %s(曾为 %s)。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:235
+#: builtin/branch.c:264
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr "已删除分支 %s(曾为 %s)。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:240
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
-
-#: builtin/branch.c:338
+#: builtin/branch.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "分支 '%s' 未指向一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:410
+#: builtin/branch.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: 丢失]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:412
+#: builtin/branch.c:461
 #, c-format
 msgid "[behind %d]"
 msgstr "[落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:416
+#: builtin/branch.c:465
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:418
+#: builtin/branch.c:467
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:421
+#: builtin/branch.c:470
 #, c-format
 msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[%s:领先 %d,落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:424
+#: builtin/branch.c:473
 #, c-format
 msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
 msgstr "[领先 %d,落后 %d]"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:537
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 无效引用 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(非分支,正变基 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(非分支,二分查找开始于 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "(detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(分离自 %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:597
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "(非分支)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:602
+#: builtin/branch.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "对象 '%s' 没有指向一个提交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:675
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr "一些引用不能读取"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:688
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr "无法重命名当前分支因为不处于任何分支上。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:625
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的分支名:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:640
+#: builtin/branch.c:713
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "分支重命名失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:644
+#: builtin/branch.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "重命名掉一个错误命名的旧分支 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:648
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "分支重命名为 %s,但 HEAD 没有更新!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:655
+#: builtin/branch.c:728
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "分支被重命名,但更新 config 文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:670
+#: builtin/branch.c:743
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:694
+#: builtin/branch.c:767
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
 msgstr "不能写分支描述模版:%s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:724
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:797
 msgid "Generic options"
-msgstr "无效选项:%s"
+msgstr "通用选项"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:726
+#: builtin/branch.c:799
 msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示哈希值和主题,若参数出现两次则显示上游分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:727
+#: builtin/branch.c:800
 msgid "suppress informational messages"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不显示信息"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:728
+#: builtin/branch.c:801
 msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "设置跟踪模式(参见 git-pull(1))"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:730
+#: builtin/branch.c:803
 msgid "change upstream info"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "改变上游信息"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:734
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:807
 msgid "use colored output"
-msgstr "不能输出重定向"
+msgstr "使用彩色输出"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:735
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
 msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "作用于远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:738 builtin/branch.c:744 builtin/branch.c:765
-#: builtin/branch.c:771 builtin/commit.c:1395 builtin/commit.c:1396
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397 builtin/commit.c:1398 builtin/tag.c:470
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:811 builtin/branch.c:817 builtin/branch.c:838
+#: builtin/branch.c:844 builtin/commit.c:1460 builtin/commit.c:1461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462 builtin/commit.c:1463 builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "commit"
-msgstr "(坏提交)\n"
+msgstr "提交"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:739 builtin/branch.c:745
+#: builtin/branch.c:812 builtin/branch.c:818
 msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只打印包含该提交的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:751
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
 msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "具体的 git-branch 动作:"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:752
+#: builtin/branch.c:825
 msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出远程跟踪及本地分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:754
+#: builtin/branch.c:827
 msgid "delete fully merged branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除完全合并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:755
+#: builtin/branch.c:828
 msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除分支(即使没有合并)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:756
+#: builtin/branch.c:829
 msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支,以及它的引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:757
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
 msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支,即使目标已存在"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:758
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
 msgid "list branch names"
-msgstr "无效的分支名:'%s'"
+msgstr "列出分支名"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:759
+#: builtin/branch.c:832
 msgid "create the branch's reflog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建分支的引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:761
+#: builtin/branch.c:834
 msgid "edit the description for the branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "标记分支的描述"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:762
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:835
 msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
-msgstr "远程 %s 已经存在。"
+msgstr "强制创建(当已经存在)"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:765
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/branch.c:838
 msgid "print only not merged branches"
-msgstr "无法移除分支 %s"
+msgstr "只打印没有合并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:771
+#: builtin/branch.c:844
 msgid "print only merged branches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只打印合并的分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:775
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
 msgid "list branches in columns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以列的方式显示分支"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:788
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法将 HEAD 解析为有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:793 builtin/clone.c:561
+#: builtin/branch.c:866 builtin/clone.c:629
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr "HEAD 没有位于 /refs/heads 之下!"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:813
+#: builtin/branch.c:890
 msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 --verbose 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:864
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
-msgstr "版本库 '%s' 不存在"
+#: builtin/branch.c:896 builtin/branch.c:935
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "必须提供分支名"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:876
+#: builtin/branch.c:911
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "不能向分离头指针提供描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:916
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "不能为一个以上的分支编辑描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:923
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 尚无提交。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:926
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "没有分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "为重命名操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:946
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "为设置新上游提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:950
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法设置 HEAD 的上游为 %s,因为 HEAD 没有指向任何分支。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:953 builtin/branch.c:975 builtin/branch.c:997
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:957
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:969
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "为取消上游设置操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:973
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法取消 HEAD 的上游设置因为它没有指向一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:979
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有上游信息"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:891
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "手工创建 'HEAD' 没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1000
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr "'git branch' 的 -a 和 -r 选项带一个分支名参数没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:894
+#: builtin/branch.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
 "track or --set-upstream-to\n"
 msgstr ""
+"选项 --set-upstream 已弃用并将被移除。考虑使用 --track 或 --set-upstream-to\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:911
+#: builtin/branch.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果你想用 '%s' 跟踪 '%s', 这么做:\n"
+"\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:912
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
 msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
-msgstr "  HEAD分支:%s"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:913
+#: builtin/branch.c:1022
 #, c-format
 msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
@@ -2529,238 +3129,276 @@
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr "需要一个版本库来解包。"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:247
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:312
 msgid "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<类型>|--textconv) <对象>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:248
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:313
 msgid "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <对象列表>"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:266
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:350
 msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<类型> 可以是其中之一:blob、tree、commit、tag"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:267
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:351
 msgid "show object type"
-msgstr "坏的对象类型。"
+msgstr "显示对象类型"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:268
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:352
 msgid "show object size"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
+msgstr "显示对象大小"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:270
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:354
 msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当没有错误时退出并返回零"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:271
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:355
 msgid "pretty-print object's content"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "美观地打印对象的内容"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:273
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:357
 msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对于数据(blob)对象,对其内容执行 textconv"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:275
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:359
 msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息和内容"
 
-#: builtin/cat-file.c:278
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:362
 msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
-msgstr "不能从标准输入中读取日志信息"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:11
 msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] 路径名..."
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:12
-msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <路径列表>"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:19
 msgid "report all attributes set on file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报告设置在文件上的所有属性"
 
 #: builtin/check-attr.c:20
 msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只使用索引中的 .gitattributes"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/hash-object.c:75
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:75
 msgid "read file names from stdin"
-msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读出文件名"
 
-#: builtin/check-attr.c:23
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
-msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "输入和输出的记录使用 NUL 字符终结"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1090 builtin/gc.c:259
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "不显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "显示未匹配的输入路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "检查时忽略索引"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "不能同时提供路径及 --stdin 参数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 需要和 --stdin 参数共用才有意义"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "未指定路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "参数 --quiet 只在提供一个路径名时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "不能同时提供 --quiet 和 --verbose 参数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching 选项只在使用 --verbose 时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [options] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [选项] <联系地址>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "还从标准输入读取联系地址"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "不能解析联系地址:%s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "未指定联系地址"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
 msgid "git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git checkout-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:187
 msgid "check out all files in the index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检出索引区的所有文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
 msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制覆盖现有的文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:190
 msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "存在或不在索引中的文件都没有警告"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:192
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "don't checkout new files"
-msgstr "不能检出 %s"
+msgstr "不检出新文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:194
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "update stat information in the index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+msgstr "更新索引中文件的状态信息"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:200
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
-msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取路径列表"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:202
 msgid "write the content to temporary files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将内容写入临时文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:203 builtin/column.c:30
 msgid "string"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "字符串"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:204
 msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在创建文件时,在前面加上<字符串>"
 
 #: builtin/checkout-index.c:207
 msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从指定暂存区中拷出文件"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:25
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git checkout [options] <branch>"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] <分支>"
 
 #: builtin/checkout.c:26
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout [选项] [<分支>] -- <文件>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
+#: builtin/checkout.c:114 builtin/checkout.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:118 builtin/checkout.c:151
+#: builtin/checkout.c:116 builtin/checkout.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:134
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有全部必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:178
+#: builtin/checkout.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:195
+#: builtin/checkout.c:193
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr "path '%s':无法合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/checkout.c:210
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 '%s' 添加合并结果"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:236 builtin/checkout.c:239 builtin/checkout.c:242
-#: builtin/checkout.c:245
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:232 builtin/checkout.c:235 builtin/checkout.c:238
+#: builtin/checkout.c:241
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
-msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能在更新路径时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:248 builtin/checkout.c:251
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:244 builtin/checkout.c:247
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 %s 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:254
+#: builtin/checkout.c:250
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:265 builtin/checkout.c:426
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:451
 msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr "损坏的索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:295 builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:322 builtin/checkout.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:333 builtin/checkout.c:534 builtin/clone.c:586
-#: builtin/merge.c:811
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:448
+#: builtin/checkout.c:473
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr "您需要先解决当前索引的冲突"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:569
+#: builtin/checkout.c:594
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr "不能对 '%s' 执行 reflog 操作\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:602
+#: builtin/checkout.c:632
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD 目前位于"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:609
+#: builtin/checkout.c:639
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:612
+#: builtin/checkout.c:642
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "已经位于 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:616
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换并重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:618
+#: builtin/checkout.c:648 builtin/checkout.c:1033
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到一个新分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:620
+#: builtin/checkout.c:650
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到分支 '%s'\n"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/checkout.c:676
+#: builtin/checkout.c:706
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr " ... 及其它 %d 个。\n"
 
 #. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:682
+#: builtin/checkout.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -2781,7 +3419,7 @@
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:700
+#: builtin/checkout.c:730
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
@@ -2796,497 +3434,618 @@
 " git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:730
+#: builtin/checkout.c:760
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "在版本遍历时遇到内部错误"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:734
+#: builtin/checkout.c:764
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "之前的 HEAD 位置是"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:761 builtin/checkout.c:950
+#: builtin/checkout.c:791 builtin/checkout.c:1028
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr "您位于一个尚未初始化的分支"
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:886
+#: builtin/checkout.c:935
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "只要一个引用,却给出了 %d 个"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "无效引用:%s"
 
 #. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:925
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1003
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "引用不是一个树:%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:961
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1042
 msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs 和切换分支不兼容。"
+msgstr "路径不能和切换分支同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:964 builtin/checkout.c:968
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1045 builtin/checkout.c:1049
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
-msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和切换分支同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972 builtin/checkout.c:975 builtin/checkout.c:980
-#: builtin/checkout.c:983
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053 builtin/checkout.c:1056 builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1064
+#, c-format
 msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
-msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 '%s' 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:988
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
+#, c-format
 msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
-msgstr "无法切换分支到一个非提交。"
+msgstr "不能切换分支到一个非提交 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1009 builtin/gc.c:177
-msgid "suppress progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1010 builtin/checkout.c:1012 builtin/clone.c:89
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1091 builtin/checkout.c:1093 builtin/clone.c:88
 #: builtin/remote.c:169 builtin/remote.c:171
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "branch"
-msgstr "位于分支 "
+msgstr "分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1011
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
 msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建并检出一个新的分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1013
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1094
 msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建/重置并检出一个分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1014
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1095
 msgid "create reflog for new branch"
-msgstr "列出、创建或删除分支"
+msgstr "为新的分支创建引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1015
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1096
 msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "成为指向该提交的分离头指针"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1016
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1097
 msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
-msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
+msgstr "为新的分支设置上游信息"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new branch"
-msgstr "[新分支]"
+msgstr "新分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1099
 msgid "new unparented branch"
-msgstr "没有当前分支。"
+msgstr "新的没有父提交的分支"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1100
 msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1021
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1102
 msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1023
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1104
 msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制检出(丢弃本地修改)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1024
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1105
 msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "和新的分支执行三路合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1025 builtin/merge.c:215
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1106 builtin/merge.c:232
 msgid "update ignored files (default)"
-msgstr "更新文件失败"
+msgstr "更新忽略的文件(默认)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1026 builtin/log.c:1111 parse-options.h:241
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/log.c:1228 parse-options.h:251
 msgid "style"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "风格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1027
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108
 msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "冲突输出风格(merge 或 diff3)"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1030
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "对路径不做稀疏检出的限制"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
 msgid "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "再者猜测'git checkout no-such-branch'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1054
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1136
 msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
+msgstr "-b、-B 和 --orphan 是互斥的"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track 需要一个分支名"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1160
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "缺少分支名;尝试 -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1197
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr "无效的路径规格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1120
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1204
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout:更新路径和切换分支不兼容。\n"
-"您是想要检出 '%s' 但未能将其解析为提交么?"
+"不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。\n"
+"您是想要检出 '%s' 但其未能解析为提交么?"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1209
+#, c-format
 msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
-msgstr "git checkout:--detach 不跟路径参数"
+msgstr "git checkout:--detach 不能接收路径参数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1129
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1213
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 "git checkout:在从索引检出时,--ours/--theirs、--force 和 --merge 不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:19
-msgid "git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:51
-msgid "do not print names of files removed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:53
-msgid "force"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:55
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "remove whole directories"
-msgstr "两个输出目录?"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:56 builtin/describe.c:413 builtin/grep.c:802
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:491 builtin/name-rev.c:231 builtin/show-ref.c:199
-msgid "pattern"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:57
-msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:58
-msgid "remove ignored files, too"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:60
-msgid "remove only ignored files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能同时使用"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未提供 -n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <模式>] [-x | -X] [--] <路径>..."
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
-msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
-msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未提供 -n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
-
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "将忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to remove %s"
 msgstr "无法删除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
-#, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+#: builtin/clean.c:294
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"帮助:\n"
+"1          - 通过编号选择一个选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"           - (空)什么也不选择"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:298
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"帮助:\n"
+"1          - 选择一个选项\n"
+"3-5        - 选择一个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - 选择多个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"-...       - 反选特定的选项\n"
+"*          - 选择所有选项\n"
+"           - (空)结束选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:516
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "嗯(%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "输入模版以排除条目>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "警告:无法找到和 %s 匹配的条目"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "选择要删除的条目"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:757
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove %s? "
+msgstr "删除 %s?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:782
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "再见。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:790
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - 开始清理\n"
+"filter by pattern   - 通过模版排除要删除的条目\n"
+"select by numbers   - 通过数字选择要删除的条目\n"
+"ask each            - 针对删除逐一询问(就像 \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - 停止删除并退出\n"
+"help                - 显示本帮助\n"
+"?                   - 显示如何在提示符下选择的帮助"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:817
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** 命令 ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "请选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:826
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "将删除如下条目:"
+msgstr[1] "将删除如下条目:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:843
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "没有要清理的文件,退出。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:874
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "不打印删除文件的名称"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:876
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "强制"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "交互式清除"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:879
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "删除整个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880 builtin/describe.c:420 builtin/grep.c:718
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:483 builtin/name-rev.c:315 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "模式"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "添加<模式>到忽略规则"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "也删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:884
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "只删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:902
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:906
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未提供 -i、-n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:909
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未提供 -i、-n 或 -f 选项,拒绝执行清理动作"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:36
 msgid "git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git clone [选项] [--] <版本库> [<路径>]"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:82 builtin/merge.c:212
-#: builtin/push.c:399
+#: builtin/clone.c:64 builtin/fetch.c:96 builtin/merge.c:229
+#: builtin/push.c:474
 msgid "force progress reporting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制显示进度报告"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:66
 msgid "don't create a checkout"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不创建一个检出"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:67 builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/init-db.c:488
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "create a bare repository"
-msgstr "不是一个 git 版本库"
+msgstr "创建一个裸版本库"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:72
+#: builtin/clone.c:71
 msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建一个镜像版本库(也是裸版本库)"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:74
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
 msgid "to clone from a local repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从本地版本库克隆"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:76
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
 msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不使用本地硬链接,始终复制"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:78
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
 msgid "setup as shared repository"
-msgstr "不是一个 git 版本库"
+msgstr "设置为共享版本库"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:80 builtin/clone.c:82
+#: builtin/clone.c:79 builtin/clone.c:81
 msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在克隆时初始化子模组"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:485
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/clone.c:82 builtin/init-db.c:485
 msgid "template-directory"
-msgstr "文件/目录"
+msgstr "模板目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:486
+#: builtin/clone.c:83 builtin/init-db.c:486
 msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模板目录将被使用"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:86
+#: builtin/clone.c:85
 msgid "reference repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用版本库"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:87 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/clone.c:86 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
 msgid "name"
-msgstr "重命名"
+msgstr "名称"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:88
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
 msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用<名称>而不是 'origin' 去跟踪上游"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
 msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检出<分支>而不是远程HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
 msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-pack 路径"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:93 builtin/fetch.c:83 builtin/grep.c:747
+#: builtin/clone.c:92 builtin/fetch.c:97 builtin/grep.c:663
 msgid "depth"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "深度"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:94
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
 msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:96
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
 msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只克隆一个分支、HEAD 或 --branch"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:494
+#: builtin/clone.c:96 builtin/init-db.c:494
 msgid "gitdir"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:98 builtin/init-db.c:495
+#: builtin/clone.c:97 builtin/init-db.c:495
 msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git目录和工作区分离"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:98
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "key=value"
 
 #: builtin/clone.c:99
-msgid "key=value"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:100
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "set config inside the new repository"
-msgstr "记录变更到版本库"
+msgstr "在新版本库中设置配置信息"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:252
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地目录。"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:315
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/clone.c:317 builtin/diff.c:77
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr "无法枚举 '%s' 状态"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s 存在且不是一个目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状态\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:355
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr "无法创建链接 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法拷贝文件至 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:382 builtin/clone.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "完成。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:443
+#: builtin/clone.c:395
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"克隆成功,但是检出失败。\n"
+"您可以通过 'git status' 检查哪些已被检出,然后使用命令\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD' 重试\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr "不能发现要克隆的远程分支 %s。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:552
+#: builtin/clone.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "检查连接... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:557
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "远程没有发送所有必须的对象"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:620
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "远程 HEAD 指向一个不存在的引用,无法检出。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:642
+#: builtin/clone.c:651
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "不能检出工作区"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:759
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "太多参数。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:646
+#: builtin/clone.c:763
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr "您必须指定一个版本库来克隆。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:657
+#: builtin/clone.c:774
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "--bare 和 --origin %s 选项不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:671
+#: builtin/clone.c:777
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --separate-git-dir 选项不兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:790
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "版本库 '%s' 不存在"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:676
+#: builtin/clone.c:795
 msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
 msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略,改为 file:// 协议试试。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:686
+#: builtin/clone.c:797
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local 被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:807
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已经存在,并且不是一个空目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:696
+#: builtin/clone.c:817
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "工作区 '%s' 已经存在。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709 builtin/clone.c:723
+#: builtin/clone.c:830 builtin/clone.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr "不能为 '%s' 创建先导目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:712
+#: builtin/clone.c:833
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
 msgstr "不能为 '%s' 创建工作区目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:731
+#: builtin/clone.c:852
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "克隆到裸版本库 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:733
+#: builtin/clone.c:854
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "正克隆到 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:789
+#: builtin/clone.c:888
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "不知道如何克隆 %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:838
+#: builtin/clone.c:939 builtin/clone.c:947
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "远程分支 %s 在上游 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:845
+#: builtin/clone.c:950
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "您似乎克隆了一个空版本库。"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:9
 msgid "git column [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git column [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:26
 msgid "lookup config vars"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查找配置变量"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "layout to use"
-msgstr "本地已过时"
+msgstr "要使用的布局"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:29
 msgid "Maximum width"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "最大宽度"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:30
 msgid "Padding space on left border"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "左边框的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:31
 msgid "Padding space on right border"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "右边框的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:32
 msgid "Padding space between columns"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "两列之间的填充空间"
 
 #: builtin/column.c:51
 msgid "--command must be the first argument"
 msgstr "--command 必须是第一个参数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:33
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+#: builtin/commit.c:36
+msgid "git commit [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [选项] [--] <路径规则>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:38
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git status [options] [--] <filepattern>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+#: builtin/commit.c:41
+msgid "git status [options] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [选项] [--] <路径规则>..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:43
+#: builtin/commit.c:46
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -3309,7 +4068,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:55
+#: builtin/commit.c:58
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
@@ -3318,109 +4077,127 @@
 "您要修补最近的提交,但这么做会让它成为空提交。您可以重复您的命令并带上\n"
 "--allow-empty 选项,或者您可用命令 \"git reset HEAD^\" 整个删除该提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:60
+#: builtin/commit.c:63
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 "之前的拣选操作现在是一个空提交,可能是由冲突解决导致的。如果您无论如何\n"
 "也要提交,使用命令:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"否则,请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:256
+#: builtin/commit.c:70
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "否则,请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:73
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您想跳过这个提交,使用命令:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"然后执行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\" 继续对其余提交执行拣选\n"
+"操作。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:287
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr "无法解包 HEAD 树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/commit.c:329
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr "不能创建临时索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:304
+#: builtin/commit.c:335
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "交互式添加失败"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:337 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/commit.c:408
+#: builtin/commit.c:368 builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:439
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr "无法写 new_index 文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:420
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr "在合并过程中不能做部分提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:391
+#: builtin/commit.c:422
 msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
 msgstr "在拣选过程中不能做部分提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:401
+#: builtin/commit.c:432
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:421
+#: builtin/commit.c:452
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr "无法写临时索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:510 builtin/commit.c:516
+#: builtin/commit.c:543 builtin/commit.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid commit: %s"
 msgstr "无效的提交:%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:539
+#: builtin/commit.c:571
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "非法的 --author 参数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:600
+#: builtin/commit.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的身份字符串:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:638 builtin/commit.c:671 builtin/commit.c:985
+#: builtin/commit.c:630 builtin/commit.c:663 builtin/commit.c:1007
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "不能查询提交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:650 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:642 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:652
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr "不能从标准输入中读取日志信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:656
+#: builtin/commit.c:648
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取日志文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:662
+#: builtin/commit.c:654
 msgid "commit has empty message"
 msgstr "提交说明为空"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:678
+#: builtin/commit.c:670
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:682
+#: builtin/commit.c:674
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "不能读取 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:686
+#: builtin/commit.c:678
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#: builtin/commit.c:749
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr "不能写提交模版"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:749
+#: builtin/commit.c:760
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3434,7 +4211,7 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "然后重试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:754
+#: builtin/commit.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
@@ -3448,375 +4225,375 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "然后重试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被忽略,而一个空的提交\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被忽略,而一个空的提交\n"
 "说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:771
+#: builtin/commit.c:782
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '#' 开始的行将被保留,您可以删除它们\n"
-"如果您想这样做的话。而一个空的提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被保留,如果您原意\n"
+"也可以删除它们。一个空的提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: builtin/commit.c:784
+#: builtin/commit.c:795
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
 msgstr "%s作者:     %s"
 
 #  译者:为保证在输出中对齐,注意调整句中空格!
-#: builtin/commit.c:791
+#: builtin/commit.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
 msgstr "%s提交者:   %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:811
+#: builtin/commit.c:822
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#: builtin/commit.c:865
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:863 builtin/tag.c:361
+#: builtin/commit.c:880 builtin/tag.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "请使用 -m 或者 -F 选项提供提交说明。\n"
+msgstr "请使用 -m 或 -F 选项提供提交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:982
 #, c-format
 msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
 msgstr "没有找到匹配 '%s' 的作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:975 builtin/commit.c:1175
+#: builtin/commit.c:997 builtin/commit.c:1237
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的未追踪文件参数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1015
+#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long 和 -z 选项不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1064
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "同时使用 --reset-author 和 --author 没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+#: builtin/commit.c:1075
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr "您没有可修补的提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1029
+#: builtin/commit.c:1078
 msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个合并过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1031
+#: builtin/commit.c:1080
 msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr "您正处于一个拣选过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1034
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup 不能同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1044
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1046
+#: builtin/commit.c:1095
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr "选项 -m 不能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1054
+#: builtin/commit.c:1103
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr "--reset-author 只能和 -C、-c 或 --amend 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1071
+#: builtin/commit.c:1120
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1073
+#: builtin/commit.c:1122
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "参数 --include/--only 不跟路径没有意义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1075
+#: builtin/commit.c:1124
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr "聪明... 在索引不干净下修补最后的提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1077
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
 msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr "指定了明确的路径而没有使用 -i 或 -o 选项;认为是 --only paths..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1087 builtin/tag.c:577
+#: builtin/commit.c:1136 builtin/tag.c:572
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "无效的清理模式 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1092
+#: builtin/commit.c:1141
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr "路径和 -a 选项同时使用没有意义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1189 builtin/commit.c:1417
+#: builtin/commit.c:1251 builtin/commit.c:1482
 msgid "show status concisely"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以简洁的格式显示状态"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1191 builtin/commit.c:1419
+#: builtin/commit.c:1253 builtin/commit.c:1484
 msgid "show branch information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示分支信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1193 builtin/commit.c:1421 builtin/push.c:389
+#: builtin/commit.c:1255 builtin/commit.c:1486 builtin/push.c:460
 msgid "machine-readable output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "机器可读的输出"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1196 builtin/commit.c:1423
+#: builtin/commit.c:1258 builtin/commit.c:1488
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "以长格式显示状态(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1261 builtin/commit.c:1491
 msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符结尾"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1198 builtin/commit.c:1426 builtin/fast-export.c:636
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:639 builtin/tag.c:461
+#: builtin/commit.c:1263 builtin/commit.c:1494 builtin/fast-export.c:674
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:677 builtin/tag.c:459
 msgid "mode"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模式"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1199 builtin/commit.c:1426
+#: builtin/commit.c:1264 builtin/commit.c:1494
 msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示未跟踪的文件,“模式”的可选参数:all、normal、no。(默认:all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1202
+#: builtin/commit.c:1267
 msgid "show ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1203 parse-options.h:151
+#: builtin/commit.c:1268 parse-options.h:156
 msgid "when"
 msgstr "何时"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1204
+#: builtin/commit.c:1269
 msgid ""
 "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
 "(Default: all)"
 msgstr ""
+"忽略子模组的更改,“何时”的可选参数:all、dirty、untracked。(默认:all)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1206
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1271
 msgid "list untracked files in columns"
-msgstr "无效的未追踪文件参数 '%s'"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示未跟踪的文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1275
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "无法找到新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1277
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr "不能解析新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1318
+#: builtin/commit.c:1383
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "分离头指针"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:1320
+#: builtin/commit.c:1385
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr "(根提交)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1387
+#: builtin/commit.c:1452
 msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "提交成功后不显示概述信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1388
+#: builtin/commit.c:1453
 msgid "show diff in commit message template"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里显示差异"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1390
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1455
 msgid "Commit message options"
-msgstr "不能得到 %s 的提交说明"
+msgstr "提交说明选项"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1391 builtin/tag.c:459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1456 builtin/tag.c:457
 msgid "read message from file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从文件中读取提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1392
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1457
 msgid "override author for commit"
-msgstr "合并未返回提交"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖作者"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393 builtin/gc.c:178
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458 builtin/gc.c:260
 msgid "date"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "日期"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1393
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1458
 msgid "override date for commit"
-msgstr "合并未返回提交"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖日期"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394 builtin/merge.c:206 builtin/notes.c:534
-#: builtin/notes.c:691 builtin/tag.c:457
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459 builtin/merge.c:223 builtin/notes.c:405
+#: builtin/notes.c:562 builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "message"
-msgstr "无 tag 说明?"
+msgstr "说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1394
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/commit.c:1459
 msgid "commit message"
-msgstr "空提交信息。"
+msgstr "提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1395
+#: builtin/commit.c:1460
 msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重用并编辑指定提交的提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1396
+#: builtin/commit.c:1461
 msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重用指定提交的提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1397
+#: builtin/commit.c:1462
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以修正指定的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1398
+#: builtin/commit.c:1463
 msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1399
-msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1400 builtin/log.c:1068 builtin/revert.c:109
-msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1401
-msgid "use specified template file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1402
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "force edit of commit"
-msgstr "合并未返回提交"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1403
-msgid "default"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1403 builtin/tag.c:462
-msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1404
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "include status in commit message template"
-msgstr "不能写提交模版"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1405 builtin/merge.c:213 builtin/tag.c:463
-msgid "key id"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1406 builtin/merge.c:214
-msgid "GPG sign commit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. end commit message options
-#: builtin/commit.c:1409
-msgid "Commit contents options"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1410
-msgid "commit all changed files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1411
-msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1412
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "interactively add files"
-msgstr "交互式添加失败"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1413
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "interactively add changes"
-msgstr "交互式添加失败"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1414
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "commit only specified files"
-msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1415
-msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1416
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "show what would be committed"
-msgstr "要提交的变更:"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1424
-msgid "amend previous commit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1425
-msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1430
-msgid "ok to record an empty change"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1433
-msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以压缩至指定的提交"
 
 #: builtin/commit.c:1464
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "现在将该提交的作者改为我(和 -C/-c/--amend 参数共用)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1465 builtin/log.c:1180 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "添加 Signed-off-by: 签名"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1466
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "使用指定的模板文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1467
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "强制编辑提交"
+
+#  译者:可选值,不能翻译(或是原文中笔误,应为 mode)
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "default"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1468 builtin/tag.c:460
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "设置如何删除提交说明里的空格和#注释"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1469
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里包含状态信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1470 builtin/merge.c:230 builtin/tag.c:461
+msgid "key id"
+msgstr "key id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:231
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG 提交签名"
+
+#. end commit message options
+#: builtin/commit.c:1474
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "提交内容选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1475
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "提交所有改动的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1476
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "添加指定的文件到索引区等待提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1477
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "交互式添加文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "交互式添加变更"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1479
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "只提交指定的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1480
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-commit 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "显示将要提交的内容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1492
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "修改先前的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1493
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "绕过 post-rewrite 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "允许一个空提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1500
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "允许空的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1529
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1502 builtin/merge.c:508
+#: builtin/commit.c:1567 builtin/merge.c:525
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr "不能为读入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1509
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr "损坏的 MERGE_HEAD 文件(%s)"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1516
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1535
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr "不能读取提交说明:%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1549
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
 msgstr "终止提交;您未更改来自模版的提交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1554
+#: builtin/commit.c:1619
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "终止提交因为提交说明为空。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1569 builtin/merge.c:935 builtin/merge.c:960
+#: builtin/commit.c:1634 builtin/merge.c:861 builtin/merge.c:886
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr "无法写提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+#: builtin/commit.c:1655
 msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法锁定 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1594
+#: builtin/commit.c:1659
 msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
 msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1605
+#: builtin/commit.c:1670
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
 "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
@@ -3825,179 +4602,191 @@
 "版本库已更新,但无法写 new_index 文件。检查是否磁盘已满\n"
 "或磁盘配额已耗尽,然后执行 \"git reset HEAD\" 恢复。"
 
-#: builtin/config.c:7
+#: builtin/config.c:8
 msgid "git config [options]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/config.c:52
-msgid "Config file location"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/config.c:53
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "use global config file"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+msgstr "git config [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:54
-msgid "use system config file"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "配置文件位置"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:55
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "use repository config file"
-msgstr "需要一个版本库来解包。"
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "使用全局配置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:56
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "use given config file"
-msgstr "未预期的文件结束"
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "使用系统级配置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:57
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "Action"
-msgstr "动作"
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "使用版本库级配置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:58
-msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "使用指定的配置文件"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:59
-msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "数据对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "从给定的数据对象读取配置"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:60
-msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "操作"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:61
-msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获取值:name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:62
-msgid "add a new variable: name value"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获得所有的值:key [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:63
-msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "根据正则表达式获得值:name-regex [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:64
-msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "获得 URL 取值:section[.var] URL"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:65
-msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "替换所有匹配的变量:name value [value_regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:66
-msgid "remove a section: name"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "添加一个新的变量:name value"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:67
-msgid "list all"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除一个变量:name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:68
-msgid "open an editor"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/config.c:69 builtin/config.c:70
-msgid "slot"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除所有匹配项:name [value-regex]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:69
-msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "重命名小节:old-name new-name"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:70
-msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "删除一个小节:name"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:71
-msgid "Type"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "列出所有"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:72
-msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
-msgstr ""
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "打开一个编辑器"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73 builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "slot"
+msgstr "slot"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:73
-msgid "value is decimal number"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "find the color configured: [default]"
+msgstr "找到配置的颜色:[默认]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:74
-msgid "value is --bool or --int"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "找到颜色设置:[stdout-is-tty]"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:75
-msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "类型"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:76
-msgid "Other"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "值是 \"true\" 或 \"false\""
 
 #: builtin/config.c:77
-msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "值是十进制数"
 
 #: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "值是 --bool or --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "值是一个路径(文件或目录名)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "终止值是NUL字节"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:82
 msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查询时参照 include 指令递归查找"
 
-#: builtin/count-objects.c:69
-msgid "git count-objects [-v]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:82
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:97
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "以用户可读的格式显示大小"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [选项] <提交号>*"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [选项] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 无效"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:241
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入名称"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:243
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 的确是在 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s 不是一个有效的 '%s' 对象"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹配 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:292
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "搜索描述 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "完成搜索 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4006,7 +4795,7 @@
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
 "然而,有非注释 tag:尝试 --tags。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -4015,12 +4804,12 @@
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
 "尝试 --always,或者创建一些 tag。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:384
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "已遍历 %lu 个提交\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:387
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
@@ -4029,62 +4818,64 @@
 "发现多于 %i 个 tag,列出最近的 %i 个\n"
 "在 %s 放弃搜索\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:403
+#: builtin/describe.c:409
 msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:404
-msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:405
-msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:406
-msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:407
-msgid "always use long format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "寻找提交之后的 tag(用于描述提交)"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:410
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "only output exact matches"
-msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹配 '%s'"
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上调试搜索策略"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "使用任意引用"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:412
-msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "使用任意 tag,即使未带注解"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:413
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "始终使用长提交号格式"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:414
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
-
-#: builtin/describe.c:416 builtin/name-rev.c:238
-msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "只跟随第一个父提交"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:417
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "只输出精确匹配"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:419
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "考虑最近 <n> 个 tags(默认:10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:421
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "只考虑匹配 <模式> 的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:423 builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "显示简写的提交号作为后备"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:424
 msgid "mark"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "标记"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:418
+#: builtin/describe.c:425
 msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "若工作区脏(有变更)在结尾添加 <标记>(默认:\"-dirty\")"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:443
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long 与 --abbrev=0 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:469
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "没有发现名称,无法描述任何东西。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:489
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交同时使用"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
@@ -4092,232 +4883,226 @@
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "'%s':不是一个正规文件或符号链接"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:224
+#: builtin/diff.c:230
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "无效选项:%s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:301
+#: builtin/diff.c:307
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "不是一个 git 版本库"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:344
+#: builtin/diff.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "提供了无效对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:349
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "提供了超过 %d 个树对象:'%s'"
-
 #: builtin/diff.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "提供了超过两个二进制对象(blob):'%s'"
+msgstr "提供了超过两个数据(blob)对象:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:367
+#: builtin/diff.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr "提供了无法处理的对象 '%s'。"
 
 #: builtin/fast-export.c:22
 msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:635
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:673
 msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
-msgstr "显示各种类型的对象"
+msgstr "在 <n> 个对象之后显示进度"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:637
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:675
 msgid "select handling of signed tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "选择如何处理签名 tags"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:640
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:678
 msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "选择当 tag 指向被过滤时 tags 的处理方式"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:643
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:681
 msgid "Dump marks to this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把标记存储到这个文件"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:645
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:683
 msgid "Import marks from this file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从这个文件导入标记"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:647
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:685
 msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当 tags 缺少标记者字段时,假装提供一个"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:649
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:687
 msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "每次提交都输出整个树"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:651
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:689
 msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 done 功能来终止流"
 
-#: builtin/fast-export.c:652
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:690
 msgid "Skip output of blob data"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过数据对象的输出"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:20
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用规则>...]]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:21
 msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] <组>"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:22
 msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<选项>] [(<版本库> | <组>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:23
 msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:60
-msgid "fetch from all remotes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:62
-msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:64
-msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:65
-msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:67
-msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:69
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
-msgstr "更新远程引用和相关的对象"
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:71
-msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:73
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<选项>]"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:74
-msgid "on-demand"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "从所有的远程抓取"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:75
-msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/fetch.c:76
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "追加到 .git/FETCH_HEAD 而不是覆盖它"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:78
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "上传包到远程的路径"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:79
-msgid "keep downloaded pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "强制覆盖本地分支"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:81
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
-msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "从多个远程抓取"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:84
-msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/fetch.c:83
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "抓取所有的 tags 和关联对象"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:85 builtin/log.c:1083
-msgid "dir"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/fetch.c:85
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "不抓取任何 tags (--no-tags)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:86
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
-msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+#: builtin/fetch.c:87
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "清除远程已经不存在的分支的跟踪分支"
+
+#  译者:可选值,不能翻译
+#: builtin/fetch.c:88
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
 
 #: builtin/fetch.c:89
-msgid "default mode for recursion"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归抓取"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:201
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "保持下载包"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:95
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "允许更新 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "深化浅克隆的历史"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "转换为一个完整的版本库"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102 builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "在子模组路径输出的前面加上此目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:106
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "递归的默认模式"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:236
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "无法发现远程 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:254
+#: builtin/fetch.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "对象 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:260
+#: builtin/fetch.c:295
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[最新]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:274
+#: builtin/fetch.c:309
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (在当前分支下不能获取)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:275 builtin/fetch.c:361
+#: builtin/fetch.c:310 builtin/fetch.c:396
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[已拒绝]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:286
+#: builtin/fetch.c:321
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[tag更新]"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:288 builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:341
+#: builtin/fetch.c:323 builtin/fetch.c:358 builtin/fetch.c:376
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  (不能更新本地引用)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:306
+#: builtin/fetch.c:341
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[新tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:309
+#: builtin/fetch.c:344
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[新分支]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:312
+#: builtin/fetch.c:347
 msgid "[new ref]"
 msgstr "[新引用]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:357
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "不能更新本地引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:357
+#: builtin/fetch.c:392
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:363
+#: builtin/fetch.c:398
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr "(非快进式)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:394 builtin/fetch.c:686
+#: builtin/fetch.c:429 builtin/fetch.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "无法打开 %s:%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:403
+#: builtin/fetch.c:438
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s 未发送所有必须的对象\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:489
+#: builtin/fetch.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "来自 %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:500
+#: builtin/fetch.c:548
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -4327,232 +5112,236 @@
 " 'git remote prune %s' 来删除旧的、有冲突的分支"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#: builtin/fetch.c:598
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s 将成为悬空状态)"
+msgstr "   (%s 将成为摇摆状态)"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:551
+#: builtin/fetch.c:599
 #, c-format
 msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
-msgstr "   (%s 已成为悬空状态)"
+msgstr "   (%s 已成为摇摆状态)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:558
+#: builtin/fetch.c:606
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[已删除]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:559 builtin/remote.c:1055
+#: builtin/fetch.c:607 builtin/remote.c:1055
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "(无)"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:676
+#: builtin/fetch.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr "拒绝获取到非裸版本库的当前分支 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:710
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "不知道如何从 %s 获取"
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:787
+#: builtin/fetch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 的值 \"%s\" 对于 %s 是无效的"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:790
+#: builtin/fetch.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 为 %s 所忽略\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:892
+#: builtin/fetch.c:801
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "不知道如何从 %s 获取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:976
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "正在获取 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:894 builtin/remote.c:100
+#: builtin/fetch.c:978 builtin/remote.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "不能获取 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:913
+#: builtin/fetch.c:997
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr "未指定远程版本库。请通过一个URL或远程版本库名指定,用以获取新提交。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:933
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1020
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr "您需要指定一个 tag 名称。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:985
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1068
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth 和 --unshallow 不能同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1070
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "对于一个完整的版本库,参数 --unshallow 没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1089
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all 不能带一个版本库参数"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:987
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1091
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "fetch --all 带引用表达式没有任何意义"
+msgstr "fetch --all 带引用规则没有任何意义"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:998
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "没有这样的远程或远程组:%s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:1006
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1110
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
-msgstr "获取组并指定引用表达式没有意义"
+msgstr "获取组并指定引用规则没有意义"
 
 #: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
 msgid "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:653 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:656 builtin/grep.c:786
-#: builtin/merge.c:188 builtin/show-branch.c:656 builtin/show-ref.c:192
-#: builtin/tag.c:448 parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666 builtin/grep.c:702
+#: builtin/merge.c:203 builtin/show-branch.c:655 builtin/show-ref.c:178
+#: builtin/tag.c:446 parse-options.h:135 parse-options.h:245
 msgid "n"
-msgstr "数字"
+msgstr "n"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:654
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:664
 msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "向提交说明中最多复制指定条目(合并而来的提交)的简短说明"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:657
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:667
 msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "参数 --log 的别名(已弃用)"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:660
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
 msgid "text"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "文本"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:661
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
 msgid "use <text> as start of message"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 <文本> 作为提交说明的开始"
 
-#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:672
 msgid "file to read from"
-msgstr "不能读 %s"
+msgstr "从文件中读取"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:979
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:995
 msgid "git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [选项] [<模式>]"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:994
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1010
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 shells"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:996
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1012
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 perl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:998
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1014
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 python"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1000
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1016
 msgid "quote placeholders suitably for tcl"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 tcl"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1003
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1019
 msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只显示 <n> 个匹配的引用"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "格式"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1004
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1020
 msgid "format to use for the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输出格式"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1005
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1021
 msgid "key"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "key"
 
-#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1006
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1022
 msgid "field name to sort on"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "排序的字段名"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:608
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/fsck.c:607
 msgid "git fsck [options] [<object>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [选项] [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "显示不可达的对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:614
-msgid "show unreachable objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "显示摇摆的对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:615
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "show dangling objects"
-msgstr "索引对象中"
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "报告 tags"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:616
-msgid "report tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "报告根节点"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:617
-msgid "report root nodes"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "将索引亦作为检查的头节点"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:618
-msgid "make index objects head nodes"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "将引用日志作为检查的头节点(默认)"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:619
-msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "也考虑包和备用对象"
 
 #: builtin/fsck.c:620
-msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/fsck.c:621
 msgid "enable more strict checking"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "启用更严格的检查"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:623
+#: builtin/fsck.c:622
 msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将摇摆对象写入 .git/lost-found 中"
 
-#: builtin/fsck.c:624 builtin/prune.c:134
+#: builtin/fsck.c:623 builtin/prune.c:134
 msgid "show progress"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示进度"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:22
+#: builtin/gc.c:23
 msgid "git gc [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git gc [选项]"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的 %s:'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#: builtin/gc.c:106
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "不正常的长对象目录 %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:179
+#: builtin/gc.c:261
 msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除未引用的对象"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:181
+#: builtin/gc.c:263
 msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更彻底(增加运行时间)"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:182
+#: builtin/gc.c:264
 msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "启用自动垃圾回收模式"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:221
-#, c-format
-msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
-msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
+#: builtin/gc.c:265
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "强制执行 gc 即使另外一个 gc 正在执行"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#: builtin/gc.c:305
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
@@ -4561,239 +5350,247 @@
 "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。您还可以手动运行 \"git gc\"。\n"
 "参见 \"git help gc\" 以获取更多信息。\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:251
+#. be quiet on --auto
+#: builtin/gc.c:315
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"已经有一个 gc 正运行在机器 '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (如果不是,使用 --force)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:340
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr "有太多不可达的松散对象,运行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:22
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
 msgid "git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git grep [选项] [-e] <模式> [<修订>...] [[--] <路径>...]"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
 msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr "grep:无法创建线程:%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:454
+#: builtin/grep.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
 msgstr "无法切换目录:%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:530 builtin/grep.c:564
+#: builtin/grep.c:443 builtin/grep.c:478
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr "无法读取树(%s)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:578
+#: builtin/grep.c:493
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "无法抓取来自于 %s 类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:636
+#: builtin/grep.c:551
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "开关 `%c' 期望一个数字值"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:653
+#: builtin/grep.c:568
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:728
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
 msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在索引区搜索而不是在工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:730
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
 msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在未被 git 管理的内容中查找"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
-#: builtin/grep.c:732
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/grep.c:646
 msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
-msgstr "(使用 -u 参数显示未跟踪的文件)"
+msgstr "在跟踪和未跟踪的文件中搜索"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:734
+#: builtin/grep.c:648
 msgid "search also in ignored files"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "也在忽略的文件中搜索"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "显示未匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "不区分大小写匹配"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "只在单词边界匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:657
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "把二进制文件当做文本处理"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "不在二进制文件中匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:662
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "用 textconv 过滤器处理二进制文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "最多以指定的深度向下寻找"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:668
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用扩展的 POSIX 正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:671
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "使用基本的 POSIX 正则表达式(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:674
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "把模式解析为固定的字符串"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "显示行号"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:681
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "不显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:686
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "只显示文件名而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:688
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "和 --files-with-matches 同义"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "只显示未匹配的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:693
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "在文件名后输出 NUL 字符"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:695
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "显示总匹配行数,而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "高亮显示匹配项"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:698
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "在不同文件的匹配项之间打印空行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:700
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "只在同一文件的匹配项的上面显示一次文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:703
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前后的 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:706
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项后 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:709
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "快捷键 -C 数字"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:712
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "在匹配的前面显示一行函数名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:714
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "显示所在函数的前后内容"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "从文件读取模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:719
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "匹配 <模式>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:721
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "组合用 -e 参数设定的模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "不输出,而用退出码标识命中状态"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:735
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "只显示匹配所有模式的文件中的匹配"
 
 #: builtin/grep.c:737
-msgid "show non-matching lines"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:739
-msgid "case insensitive matching"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "显示 grep 表达式的解析树"
 
 #: builtin/grep.c:741
-msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:743
-msgid "process binary files as text"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:745
-msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:748
-msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:752
-msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:755
-msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:758
-msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:761
-msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:764
-msgid "show line numbers"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:765
-msgid "don't show filenames"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:766
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "show filenames"
-msgstr "%s文件:"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:768
-msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:770
-msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:772
-msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:775
-msgid "show only the names of files without match"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:777
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "print NUL after filenames"
-msgstr "为所有文件名前添加 <根目录>"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:779
-msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:780
-msgid "highlight matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:782
-msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:784
-msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:787
-msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:790
-msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:792
-msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:793
-msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:796
-msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:798
-msgid "show the surrounding function"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:801
-msgid "read patterns from file"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:803
-msgid "match <pattern>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:805
-msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:817
-msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:819
-msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
 msgid "pager"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分页"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:822
+#: builtin/grep.c:741
 msgid "show matching files in the pager"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "分页显示匹配的文件"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:825
+#: builtin/grep.c:744
 msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "允许调用 grep(1)(本次构建忽略)"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:826 builtin/show-ref.c:201
+#: builtin/grep.c:745 builtin/show-ref.c:187
 msgid "show usage"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示用法"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:917
+#: builtin/grep.c:812
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "未提供模式匹配。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:931
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:972
+#: builtin/grep.c:870
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 仅用于工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:995
+#: builtin/grep.c:893
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked 不能与 --no-index 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1000
+#: builtin/grep.c:898
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked 不能和版本同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1003
+#: builtin/grep.c:901
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard 不能用于已跟踪内容。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:1011
+#: builtin/grep.c:909
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "同时给出了 --cached 和树对象。"
 
@@ -4802,81 +5599,85 @@
 "git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
 "<file>..."
 msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <类型>] [-w] [--path=<文件>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<文件>..."
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:61
 msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <路径列表>"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:72
 msgid "type"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类型"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:72
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "object type"
-msgstr "坏的对象类型。"
+msgstr "对象类型"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:73
 msgid "write the object into the object database"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将对象写入对象数据库"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:74
 msgid "read the object from stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:76
 msgid "store file as is without filters"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "原样存储文件不使用过滤器"
 
 #: builtin/hash-object.c:77
 msgid "process file as it were from this path"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "处理文件并假设其来自于此路径"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "打印所有可用的命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "显示有用的指南列表"
 
 #: builtin/help.c:43
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "print all available commands"
-msgstr "在 '%s' 下可用的 git 命令"
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "显示 man 手册"
 
 #: builtin/help.c:44
-msgid "show man page"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/help.c:45
 msgid "show manual in web browser"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在 web 浏览器中显示手册"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:47
+#: builtin/help.c:46
 msgid "show info page"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示 info 手册"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:53
-msgid "git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [command]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man|--web|--info] [命令]"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:65
+#: builtin/help.c:64
 #, c-format
 msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
 msgstr "未能识别的帮助格式 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:93
+#: builtin/help.c:92
 msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
 msgstr "无法启动 emacsclient。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:106
+#: builtin/help.c:105
 msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
 msgstr "无法解析 emacsclient 版本。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:114
+#: builtin/help.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
-msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太老 (< 22)。"
+msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太老(< 22)。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:132 builtin/help.c:160 builtin/help.c:169 builtin/help.c:177
+#: builtin/help.c:131 builtin/help.c:159 builtin/help.c:168 builtin/help.c:176
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
 msgstr "无法执行 '%s':%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:217
+#: builtin/help.c:216
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4885,7 +5686,7 @@
 "'%s':不支持的 man 手册查看器的路径。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.cmd'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:229
+#: builtin/help.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
@@ -4894,307 +5695,335 @@
 "'%s': 支持的 man 手册查看器命令。\n"
 "请使用 'man.<tool>.path'。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:299
-msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
-msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有:"
-
-#: builtin/help.c:367
+#: builtin/help.c:349
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
 msgstr "'%s':未知的 man 查看器。"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:384
+#: builtin/help.c:366
 msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 man 查看器处理此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:392
+#: builtin/help.c:374
 msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
 msgstr "没有 info 查看器处理此请求"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:447 builtin/help.c:454
+#: builtin/help.c:420
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "定义路径的属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:421
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Git 词汇表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:422
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "忽略指定的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:423
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "定义子模组属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:424
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "指定 Git 的版本和版本范围"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:425
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "一个 Git 教程(针对 1.5.1 或更新版本)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:426
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Git 推荐的工作流概览"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:438
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "最常用的 Git 向导有:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:460 builtin/help.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "usage: %s%s"
 msgstr "用法:%s%s"
 
-#: builtin/help.c:470
+#: builtin/help.c:492
 #, c-format
 msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
 msgstr "`git %s' 是 `%s' 的别名"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:170
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:184
 #, c-format
 msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
 msgstr "%s 的对象类型不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:190
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:204
 msgid "object of unexpected type"
 msgstr "意外的类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:227
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:244
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
 msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
 msgstr[0] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 msgstr[1] "无法填充 %d 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:254
 msgid "early EOF"
 msgstr "过早的文件结束符(EOF)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:238
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:255
 msgid "read error on input"
 msgstr "输入上的读错误"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:250
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:267
 msgid "used more bytes than were available"
 msgstr "用掉了超过可用的字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:257
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:274
 msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
 msgstr "包太大超过了当前 off_t 的定义"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:273
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:290
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to create '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:278
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:292
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:309
 msgid "pack signature mismatch"
 msgstr "包签名不匹配"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:294
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不支持包版本 %<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:312
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
 msgstr "包中有错误的对象位于 %lu:%s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:434
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid "inflate returned %d"
 msgstr "解压缩返回 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:483
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
 msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
 msgstr "偏移值覆盖了 delta 基准对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:491
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:508
 msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
 msgstr "delta 基准偏移越界"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:499
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:516
 #, c-format
 msgid "unknown object type %d"
 msgstr "未知对象类型 %d"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:530
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:547
 msgid "cannot pread pack file"
 msgstr "无法读取包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:532
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:549
 #, c-format
 msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
 msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
 msgstr[0] "包文件过早结束,缺少 %lu 字节"
 msgstr[1] "包文件过早结束,缺少 %lu 字节"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:558
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:575
 msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
 msgstr "解压缩严重的不一致"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:649 builtin/index-pack.c:655 builtin/index-pack.c:678
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:712 builtin/index-pack.c:721
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:666 builtin/index-pack.c:672 builtin/index-pack.c:695
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:729 builtin/index-pack.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
 msgstr "发现 %s 出现 SHA1 冲突!"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:652 builtin/pack-objects.c:170
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:262
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:669 builtin/pack-objects.c:171
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:263
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read %s"
 msgstr "不能读 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:718
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:735
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
 msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:732
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid blob object %s"
-msgstr "无效的二进制对象(blob)%s"
+msgstr "无效的数据(blob)对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:747
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:763
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid %s"
 msgstr "无效的 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:749
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:766
 msgid "Error in object"
 msgstr "对象中出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:751
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:768
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
 msgstr "%s 的所有子对象并非都可达"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:821 builtin/index-pack.c:847
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:839 builtin/index-pack.c:869
 msgid "failed to apply delta"
 msgstr "无法应用 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Receiving objects"
 msgstr "接收对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:986
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1010
 msgid "Indexing objects"
 msgstr "索引对象中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1012
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1036
 msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
 msgstr "包冲突(SHA1 不匹配)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1017
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1041
 msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
 msgstr "不能枚举包文件状态"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1020
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1044
 msgid "pack has junk at the end"
 msgstr "包的结尾有垃圾数据"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1031
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
 msgstr "parse_pack_objects() 中遇到不可理喻的问题"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1054
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1078
 msgid "Resolving deltas"
 msgstr "处理 delta 中"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1064
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1088
+#, c-format
 msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
-msgstr "grep:无法创建线程:%s"
+msgstr "不能创建线程:%s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1106
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1130
 msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
 msgstr "不可理喻"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1112
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1138
 #, c-format
 msgid "completed with %d local objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "完成 %d 个本地对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1121
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1148
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "对 %s 的尾部校验出现意外(磁盘损坏?)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1125
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1152
 #, c-format
 msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
 msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
 msgstr[0] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 msgstr[1] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1150
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
-msgstr "不能缩小附加对象(%d)"
+msgstr "不能压缩附加对象(%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1229
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1256
 #, c-format
 msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
 msgstr "本地对象 %s 已损坏"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1253
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1280
 msgid "error while closing pack file"
 msgstr "关闭包文件时出错"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1266
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1293
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法写保留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1274
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1301
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法关闭保留文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1287
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1314
 msgid "cannot store pack file"
 msgstr "无法存储包文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1325
 msgid "cannot store index file"
 msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1331
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1358
+#, c-format
 msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
-msgstr "坏的索引版本 '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的 pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1337
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1364
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "指定的线程数无效(%d)"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1341 builtin/index-pack.c:1514
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1368 builtin/index-pack.c:1546
 #, c-format
 msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "没有线程支持,忽略 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1399
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1426
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
 msgstr "无法打开现存包文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1401
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1428
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 %s 打开包索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1448
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "non delta: %d object"
 msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
 msgstr[0] "非 delta:%d 个对象"
 msgstr[1] "非 delta:%d 个对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1455
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
 #, c-format
 msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
 msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
 msgstr[0] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 msgstr[1] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1482
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1510
 msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
 msgstr "无法返回当前工作目录"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1526 builtin/index-pack.c:1529
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1541 builtin/index-pack.c:1545
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1558 builtin/index-pack.c:1561
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1573 builtin/index-pack.c:1577
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad %s"
 msgstr "错误选项 %s"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1559
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1591
 msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
 msgstr "--fix-thin 不能和 --stdin 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1563 builtin/index-pack.c:1573
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1595 builtin/index-pack.c:1605
 #, c-format
 msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
 msgstr "包名 '%s' 没有以 '.pack' 结尾"
 
-#: builtin/index-pack.c:1582
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1614
 msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
 msgstr "--verify 没有提供包名参数"
 
@@ -5283,11 +6112,6 @@
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "不能移动 %s 至 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:363
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "不能创建 git link %s"
-
 #.
 #. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
 #. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
@@ -5317,22 +6141,23 @@
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:467
 msgid ""
-"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
-"[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]"
 msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<模板目录>] [--shared[=<权限>]] "
+"[目录]"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:490
 msgid "permissions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "权限"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:491
 msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "指定 git 版本库是多个用户之间共享的"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:77
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/init-db.c:493 builtin/prune-packed.c:75 builtin/repack.c:155
 msgid "be quiet"
-msgstr "更加安静"
+msgstr "保持安静"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:522 builtin/init-db.c:529
 #, c-format
@@ -5362,629 +6187,620 @@
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "不能访问工作区 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:37
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+msgstr "git log [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] <路径>...]\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:38
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:42
 msgid "   or: git show [options] <object>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "   或者:git show [选项] <对象>..."
 
-#: builtin/log.c:100
+#: builtin/log.c:125
 msgid "suppress diff output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不显示差异输出"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:101
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:126
 msgid "show source"
-msgstr "坏的源"
+msgstr "显示源"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:102
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "使用邮件映射文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
 msgid "decorate options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "修饰选项"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:189
+#: builtin/log.c:231
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "最终输出:%d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:403 builtin/log.c:494
+#: builtin/log.c:473 builtin/log.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:518
+#: builtin/log.c:589
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "未知类型:%d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers 没有值"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:682
+#: builtin/log.c:771
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "输出目录名太长"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:693
+#: builtin/log.c:787
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "无法打开补丁文件 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:707
+#: builtin/log.c:801
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "只需要一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:715
+#: builtin/log.c:809
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "不是一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:789
+#: builtin/log.c:911
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "信封需要邮件地址格式"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:862
+#: builtin/log.c:987
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "不正常的 in-reply-to:%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:890
+#: builtin/log.c:1015
 msgid "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git format-patch [选项] [<从> | <修订集范围>]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:935
+#: builtin/log.c:1060
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "两个输出目录?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1063
+#: builtin/log.c:1175
 msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH n/m],即使只有一个补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1066
+#: builtin/log.c:1178
 msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH],即使有多个补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1070
+#: builtin/log.c:1182
 msgid "print patches to standard out"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打印补丁到标准输出"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1072
+#: builtin/log.c:1184
 msgid "generate a cover letter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "生成一封附信"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1074
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
 msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用简单的数字序列作为输出文件名"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1075
+#: builtin/log.c:1187
 msgid "sfx"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "后缀"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1076
+#: builtin/log.c:1188
 msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 <后缀> 代替 '.patch'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1078
+#: builtin/log.c:1190
 msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "补丁以 <n> 开始编号,而不是1"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1080
+#: builtin/log.c:1192
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "标记补丁系列是第几次重制"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1194
 msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 [<前缀>] 代替 [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1083
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
 msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把结果文件存储在 <dir>"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1086
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
 msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不删除/添加 [PATCH]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1089
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
 msgid "don't output binary diffs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不输出二进制差异"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1091
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
 msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不包含已在上游提交中的补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1093
+#: builtin/log.c:1207
 msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示纯补丁格式而非默认的(补丁+状态)"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1095
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1209
 msgid "Messaging"
-msgstr "合并:"
+msgstr "邮件发送"
 
-#  译者:注意保持句尾空格
-#: builtin/log.c:1096
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
 msgid "header"
-msgstr "领先 "
+msgstr "header"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1097
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
 msgid "add email header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加邮件头"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098 builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1212 builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "email"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "邮件地址"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1098
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
 msgid "add To: header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加收件人"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1100
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
 msgid "add Cc: header"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加抄送"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1102
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1217
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "设置 From 地址为 <ident>(如若不提供,用提交者ID做为地址)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1219
 msgid "message-id"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "message-id"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1103
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
 msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使第一封邮件作为对 <message-id> 的回复"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1104 builtin/log.c:1107
+#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/log.c:1224
 msgid "boundary"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "边界"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1105
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
 msgid "attach the patch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "附件方式添加补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1108
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
 msgid "inline the patch"
-msgstr "忽略补丁中的添加的文件"
+msgstr "内联显示补丁"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1112
+#: builtin/log.c:1229
 msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "启用邮件线索,风格:浅,深"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1114
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
 msgid "signature"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "签名"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1115
+#: builtin/log.c:1232
 msgid "add a signature"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加一个签名"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1117
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
 msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
-msgstr "无法打开补丁文件 %s"
+msgstr "不要打印补丁文件名"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1157
+#: builtin/log.c:1307
 #, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "虚假的提交者信息 %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "包含无效的身份标识:%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1202
+#: builtin/log.c:1322
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1204
+#: builtin/log.c:1324
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1212
+#: builtin/log.c:1332
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1214
+#: builtin/log.c:1334
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1336
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1239
+#: builtin/log.c:1359
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "标准输出或目录,哪一个?"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1241
+#: builtin/log.c:1361
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1394
+#: builtin/log.c:1509
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1443
+#: builtin/log.c:1558
 msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<上游> [<头> [<限制>]]]"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1498
+#: builtin/log.c:1613
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr "不能找到跟踪的远程分支,请手工指定 <upstream>。\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1511 builtin/log.c:1513 builtin/log.c:1525
+#: builtin/log.c:1626 builtin/log.c:1628 builtin/log.c:1640
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "未知提交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:408
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:398
 msgid "git ls-files [options] [<file>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [选项] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "用标签标识文件的状态"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:457
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "使用小写字母表示 '假设未改变的' 文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "显示缓存的文件(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:461
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已删除的文件"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:463
-msgid "identify the file status with tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已修改的文件"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:465
-msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "显示其它文件"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:467
-msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:469
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "show deleted files in the output"
-msgstr "删除的文件 %s 仍有内容"
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:471
-msgid "show modified files in the output"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:473
-msgid "show other files in the output"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:475
 msgid "show ignored files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:478
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:470
 msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示暂存区内容的对象名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:472
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "显示文件系统需要删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:474
+msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
+msgstr "只显示“其他”目录的名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:477
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "不显示空目录"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:480
-msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "显示未合并的文件"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:482
-msgid "show 'other' directories' name only"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "显示 resolve-undo 信息"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:485
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "don't show empty directories"
-msgstr "两个输出目录?"
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:484
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "匹配排除文件的模式"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:488
-msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:487
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 中读取排除模式"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:490
-msgid "show resolve-undo information"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 读取额外的每个目录的排除模式"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:492
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "skip files matching pattern"
-msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "添加标准的 git 排除"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:495
-msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:498
-msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "如果任何 <文件> 都不在索引区,视为错误"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:499
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "树或提交"
 
 #: builtin/ls-files.c:500
-msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:503
-msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:506
-msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:507
-msgid "tree-ish"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:508
 msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "假装自从 <树或提交> 之后删除的路径仍然存在"
 
-#: builtin/ls-files.c:510
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:502
 msgid "show debugging data"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示调试数据"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:27
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
 msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<选项>] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:125
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:126
 msgid "only show trees"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只显示树"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:128
 msgid "recurse into subtrees"
-msgstr "变基到远程 %s"
+msgstr "递归到子树"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:130
 msgid "show trees when recursing"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:132
-msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当递归时显示树"
 
 #: builtin/ls-tree.c:133
-#, fuzzy
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
 msgid "include object size"
-msgstr "提供了无效对象 '%s'。"
+msgstr "包括对象大小"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135 builtin/ls-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:136 builtin/ls-tree.c:138
 msgid "list only filenames"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只列出文件名"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:140
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:141
 msgid "use full path names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用文件的全路径"
 
-#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:143
 msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出整个树;不仅仅当前目录(隐含 --full-name)"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:43
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git merge [options] [<commit>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [选项] [<提交>...]"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:44
 msgid "git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge [选项] <说明> HEAD <提交>"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:45
 msgid "git merge --abort"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:90
+#: builtin/merge.c:98
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "开关 `m' 需要一个值"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#: builtin/merge.c:135
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr "不能找到合并策略 '%s'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "可用的策略有:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#: builtin/merge.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "可用的自定义策略有:"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:183
-msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:186
-msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:187
-msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:189
-msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:192
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
-msgstr "在合并过程中不能做部分提交。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:194
-msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:196
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "edit message before committing"
-msgstr "尚未暂存以备提交的变更:"
-
 #: builtin/merge.c:198
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
-msgstr "可快进"
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后不显示差异统计"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:200
-msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/merge.c:201
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后显示差异统计"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:202 builtin/notes.c:867 builtin/revert.c:112
-msgid "strategy"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:203
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "merge strategy to use"
-msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(和 --stat 同义)"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:204
-msgid "option=value"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:205
-msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "在合并提交信息中添加(最多 <n> 条)精简提交记录"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:207
-msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "创建一个单独的提交而不是做一次合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "如果合并成功,执行一次提交(默认)"
 
 #: builtin/merge.c:211
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
-msgstr "无法保存当前索引状态"
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "在提交前编辑提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:240
+#: builtin/merge.c:212
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "允许快进(默认)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "如果不能快进就放弃合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:218
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验证指定的提交是否包含一个有效的 GPG 签名"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219 builtin/notes.c:738 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:220
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "要使用的合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:221
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=value"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:222
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "所选的合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:224
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "合并的提交说明(针对非快进式合并)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:228
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "放弃当前正在进行的合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:257
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "不能进行进度保存。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:245
+#: builtin/merge.c:262
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "进度保存失败"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#: builtin/merge.c:267
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效对象:%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+#: builtin/merge.c:286 builtin/merge.c:303
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "读取树失败"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/merge.c:316
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " (无可压缩)"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#: builtin/merge.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "压缩提交 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:361
+#: builtin/merge.c:378
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "写入 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:363
+#: builtin/merge.c:380
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "完成 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:403
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "无合并信息 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:436
+#: builtin/merge.c:453
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 没有指向一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:535
+#: builtin/merge.c:565
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr "坏的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字符串:%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:628
+#: builtin/merge.c:657
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree 无法写入一树对象"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:678
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "无法读取缓存"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:709
+#: builtin/merge.c:685
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "不能处理两个头合并之外的任何操作。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:723
+#: builtin/merge.c:699
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "merge-recursive 的未知选项:-X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:737
+#: builtin/merge.c:713
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "不能写 %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:876
+#: builtin/merge.c:802
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "不能从 '%s' 读取"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:885
+#: builtin/merge.c:811
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr "未提交合并,使用 'git commit' 完成此次合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:891
+#: builtin/merge.c:817
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "请输入一个提交信息以解释此合并的必要性,尤其是将一个更新后的上游分支\n"
 "合并到主题分支。\n"
 "\n"
-"以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略,而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略,而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:915
+#: builtin/merge.c:841
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "空提交信息。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:927
+#: builtin/merge.c:853
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "太棒了。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:992
+#: builtin/merge.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr "自动合并失败,修正冲突然后提交修正的结果。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1008
+#: builtin/merge.c:934
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 不是一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1049
+#: builtin/merge.c:975
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr "没有当前分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1051
+#: builtin/merge.c:977
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr "当前分支没有对应的远程版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1053
+#: builtin/merge.c:979
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr "当前分支没有定义默认的上游分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1058
+#: builtin/merge.c:984
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "对于 %s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1145 builtin/merge.c:1302
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - 不能被合并"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1213
+#: builtin/merge.c:1140
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr "没有要终止的合并(MERGE_HEAD 丢失)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1229 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1156 git-pull.sh:31
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -5992,11 +6808,11 @@
 "您尚未结束您的合并(存在 MERGE_HEAD)。\n"
 "请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1232 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1159 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的合并(存在 MERGE_HEAD)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1236
+#: builtin/merge.c:1163
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
@@ -6004,567 +6820,567 @@
 "您尚未结束您的拣选(存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)。\n"
 "请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1239
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的拣选(存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1248
+#: builtin/merge.c:1175
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr "您不能将 --squash 与 --no-ff 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1253
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "您不能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only 同时使用。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1260
+#: builtin/merge.c:1184
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr "未指定提交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1292
+#: builtin/merge.c:1216
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr "只能将一个提交合并到空分支上"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1295
+#: builtin/merge.c:1219
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "尚不支持到空分支的压缩提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1297
+#: builtin/merge.c:1221
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "到空分支的非快进式提交没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1412
+#: builtin/merge.c:1226
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - 不能被合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1277
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个非可信的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个错误的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#. 'N'
+#: builtin/merge.c:1283
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "提交 %s 没有一个 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个来自 %s 的好的 GPG 签名。\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "更新 %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1450
+#: builtin/merge.c:1409
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr "尝试非常小的索引内合并...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1457
+#: builtin/merge.c:1416
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "无。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1489
+#: builtin/merge.c:1448
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr "无法快进,终止。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1512 builtin/merge.c:1591
+#: builtin/merge.c:1471 builtin/merge.c:1550
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "将树回滚至原始状态...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1516
+#: builtin/merge.c:1475
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1582
+#: builtin/merge.c:1541
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "没有合并策略处理此合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1584
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "使用策略 %s 合并失败。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1593
+#: builtin/merge.c:1552
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "使用 %s 以准备手工解决。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1605
+#: builtin/merge.c:1564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr "自动合并进展顺利,按要求在提交前停止\n"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:26
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] <提交> <提交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:27
 msgid "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <提交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:28
 msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <提交>..."
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:29
 msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <提交> <提交>"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:98
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "output all common ancestors"
-msgstr "发现 %u 个共同祖先:"
+msgstr "输出所有共同的祖先"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:99
 msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "查找一个多路合并的祖先提交"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:100
 msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示不能被其他访问到的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-base.c:102
 msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "第一个是其他的祖先提交么?"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:8
 msgid ""
 "git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file "
 "file2"
 msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [选项] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:33
 msgid "send results to standard output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将结果发送到标准输出"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:34
 msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用基于 diff3 的合并"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:35
 msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用我们的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:37
 msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用他们的版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:39
 msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用联合版本"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:42
 msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果冲突,使用指定长度的标记"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:43
 msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不要警告冲突"
 
 #: builtin/merge-file.c:45
 msgid "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为 file1/orig_file/file2 设置标签"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:67
 msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:153
 msgid "input is NUL terminated"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输入以 NUL 字符终止"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:154 builtin/write-tree.c:24
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "allow missing objects"
-msgstr "接收对象中"
+msgstr "允许丢失的对象"
 
 #: builtin/mktree.c:155
 msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "允许创建一个以上的树"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:14
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
 msgid "git mv [options] <source>... <destination>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git mv [选项] <源>... <目标>"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:64
+#: builtin/mv.c:67
 msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "强制移动/重命令,即使目标存在"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:65
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/mv.c:68
 msgid "skip move/rename errors"
-msgstr "程序错误"
+msgstr "跳过移动/重命名错误"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/mv.c:113
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
 msgstr "检查 '%s' 到 '%s' 的重命名\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:117
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr "坏的源"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:120
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr "不能将目录移动到自身"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:123
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr "不能将目录移动到文件"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#: builtin/mv.c:129
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "嗯?目录 %s 在索引中并且不是子模组?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:131 builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "请将您的修改缓存到 .gitmodules 中或保存进度后再继续"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:147
 #, c-format
 msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
 msgstr "嗯?%.*s 在索引中?"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:159
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr "源目录为空"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:191
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr "不在版本控制之下"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:193
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr "目标已存在"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:201
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr "覆盖 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:204
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr "不能覆盖"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:207
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr "同一目标具有多个源"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:222
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr "%s,源=%s,目标=%s"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "重命名 %s 至 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#: builtin/mv.c:235 builtin/remote.c:731 builtin/repack.c:330
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "重命名 '%s' 失败"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:175
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:259
 msgid "git name-rev [options] <commit>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] <提交>..."
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:176
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:260
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --all"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --all"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:177
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:261
 msgid "git name-rev [options] --stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git name-rev [选项] --stdin"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:229
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:313
 msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只打印名称(无 SHA-1)"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:230
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
 msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只使用 tags 来命名提交"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:232
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
 msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
-msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
+msgstr "只使用和 <模式> 相匹配的引用"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:234
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:318
 msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出可以从所有引用访问的提交"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:235
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:319
 msgid "read from stdin"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从标准输入读取"
 
-#: builtin/name-rev.c:236
-msgid "allow to print `undefined` names"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:320
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "允许打印 `未定义` 的名称(默认)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:23
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
-msgstr ""
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:326
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "反向解析输入中的 tags(内部使用)"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:25
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
-msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] add [-f] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对"
+"象>] [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] copy [-f] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
 msgid ""
 "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) "
 "<object>] [<object>]"
 msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:27
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] append [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | (-c | -C) <对象"
+">] [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:28
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] edit [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:29
-msgid ""
-"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] show [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:30
-msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <策略> ] <注解引用>"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:31
-msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:32
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:33
-msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] remove [<对象>...]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
 msgid "git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:39
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
 msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes [list [<对象>]]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:44
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
 msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:49
-msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes add [<选项>] [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<选项>] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
 msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<源对象> <目标对象>]..."
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:55
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
 msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<选项>] [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:60
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
 msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes edit [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:65
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
 msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:70
-msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes show [<对象>]"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:71
-msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<选项>] <注解引用>"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
 msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<选项>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:77
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
 msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes remove [<对象>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:82
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
 msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes prune [<选项>]"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:87
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
 msgid "git notes get-ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#: builtin/notes.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "不能为对象 '%s' 开始 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "不能打开 'show' 输出文件句柄"
+#: builtin/notes.c:141
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "不能读取 'show' 的输出"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管道"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#: builtin/notes.c:149
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 完成 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#: builtin/notes.c:167 builtin/tag.c:341
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:186
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "请通过 -m 或 -F 选项为注解提供内容"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#: builtin/notes.c:207 builtin/notes.c:844
 #, c-format
 msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
 msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:212
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "不能写注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
 msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#: builtin/notes.c:248 builtin/tag.c:537
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/notes.c:250 builtin/tag.c:540
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开或读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#: builtin/notes.c:269 builtin/notes.c:316 builtin/notes.c:318
+#: builtin/notes.c:378 builtin/notes.c:432 builtin/notes.c:515
+#: builtin/notes.c:520 builtin/notes.c:595 builtin/notes.c:637
+#: builtin/notes.c:839 builtin/tag.c:553
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法解析 '%s' 为一个有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "无法读取对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "不能提交未初始化/未引用的注解树"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "坏的 notes.rewriteMode 值:'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
-#, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "拒绝向 %s(在 refs/notes/ 之外)写入注解"
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "坏的 %s 值:'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:312
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "非法的输入行:'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法从 '%s' 到 '%s' 拷贝注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:425 builtin/notes.c:498
+#: builtin/notes.c:510 builtin/notes.c:583 builtin/notes.c:630
+#: builtin/notes.c:904
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "参数太多"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:384 builtin/notes.c:643
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "未发现对象 %s 的注解。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:535 builtin/notes.c:692
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:406 builtin/notes.c:563
 msgid "note contents as a string"
-msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
+msgstr "注解内容作为一个字符串"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:538 builtin/notes.c:695
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:409 builtin/notes.c:566
 msgid "note contents in a file"
-msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+msgstr "注解内容到一个文件中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:540 builtin/notes.c:543 builtin/notes.c:697
-#: builtin/notes.c:700 builtin/tag.c:476
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:411 builtin/notes.c:414 builtin/notes.c:568
+#: builtin/notes.c:571 builtin/tag.c:474
 msgid "object"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
+msgstr "对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:541 builtin/notes.c:698
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:412 builtin/notes.c:569
 msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
-msgstr "不能写注解对象"
+msgstr "重用和编辑指定的注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:544 builtin/notes.c:701
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:415 builtin/notes.c:572
 msgid "reuse specified note object"
-msgstr "不能写注解对象"
+msgstr "重用指定的注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:546 builtin/notes.c:614
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:417 builtin/notes.c:485
 msgid "replace existing notes"
-msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
+msgstr "替换已存在的注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:451
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能添加注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:533
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "覆盖对象 %s 现存注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:615
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:486
 msgid "read objects from stdin"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:617
+#: builtin/notes.c:488
 msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重新加载 <命令> 的配置(隐含 --stdin)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:506
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "参数太少"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:527
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能拷贝注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:539
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "源对象 %s 缺少注解。不能拷贝。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
@@ -6573,74 +7389,71 @@
 "子命令 'edit' 的选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已弃用。\n"
 "请换用 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:864
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:735
 msgid "General options"
-msgstr "无效选项:%s"
+msgstr "通用选项"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:866
+#: builtin/notes.c:737
 msgid "Merge options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "合并选项"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:868
+#: builtin/notes.c:739
 msgid ""
 "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
 "cat_sort_uniq)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用指定的策略解决注解冲突 (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:870
+#: builtin/notes.c:741
 msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "提交未合并的注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:872
+#: builtin/notes.c:743
 msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "通过提交未合并的注解来完成注解合并"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:874
+#: builtin/notes.c:745
 msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "中止注解合并的方案"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:876
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:747
 msgid "abort notes merge"
-msgstr "path '%s':无法合并"
+msgstr "中止注解合并"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:842
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "对象 %s 没有注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:983
+#: builtin/notes.c:854
 msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "尝试删除不存在的注解不是一个错误"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:986
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 msgid "read object names from the standard input"
-msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象名称"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1067
+#: builtin/notes.c:938
 msgid "notes_ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "注解引用"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1068
+#: builtin/notes.c:939
 msgid "use notes from <notes_ref>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从 <注解引用> 使用注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#: builtin/notes.c:974 builtin/remote.c:1598
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "未知子命令:%s"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:23
 msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [选项...] [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:24
 msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-objects [选项...] base-name [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:183 builtin/pack-objects.c:186
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:184 builtin/pack-objects.c:187
 #, c-format
 msgid "deflate error (%d)"
 msgstr "压缩错误 (%d)"
@@ -6667,178 +7480,169 @@
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2448
 msgid "do not show progress meter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不显示进度表"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2450
 msgid "show progress meter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示进度表"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2452
 msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在对象写入阶段显示进度表"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2455
 msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "当进度表显示时类似于 --all-progress"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2456
 msgid "version[,offset]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "版本[,偏移]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2457
 msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用指定的 idx 格式版本来写包索引文件"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2460
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
-msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
+msgstr "每个输出包的最大尺寸"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2462
 msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略从替代对象存储里借用对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2464
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "ignore packed objects"
-msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
+msgstr "忽略包对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2466
 msgid "limit pack window by objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "限制打包窗口的对象数"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2468
 msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "除对象数量限制外设置打包窗口的内存限制"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2470
 msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包允许的 delta 链的最大长度"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2472
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "reuse existing deltas"
-msgstr "处理 delta 中"
+msgstr "重用已存在的 deltas"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2474
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "reuse existing objects"
-msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
+msgstr "重用已存在的对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2476
 msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用 OFS_DELTA 对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2478
 msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用线程查询最佳 delta 匹配"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2480
 msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不创建空的包输出"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2482
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
-msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取修订号参数"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2484
 msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "限制那些尚未打包的对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2487
 msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括可以从任何引用访问到的对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2490
 msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括被引用日志引用到的对象"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2493
 msgid "output pack to stdout"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "输出包到标准输出"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2495
 msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "包括引用了打包对象的 tag"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2497
 msgid "keep unreachable objects"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "维持不可达的对象"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:141
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2498 parse-options.h:143
 msgid "time"
 msgstr "时间"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2499
 msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将比给定 <时间> 新的无法访问的对象解包"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2502
 msgid "create thin packs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "创建精简包"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2504
 msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略配有 .keep 文件的包"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2506
 msgid "pack compression level"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包压缩级别"
 
 #: builtin/pack-objects.c:2508
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
-msgstr "不能写提交模版"
+msgstr "不隐藏移植覆盖的提交"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
 msgid "git pack-refs [options]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git pack-refs [选项]"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
 msgid "pack everything"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打包一切"
 
 #: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
 msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除松散的引用(默认)"
 
 #: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
 msgid "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:12
 msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <时间>] [--] [<头>...]"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:132
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "do not remove, show only"
-msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+msgstr "不删除,只显示"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:133
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "report pruned objects"
-msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
+msgstr "报告清除的对象"
 
 #: builtin/prune.c:136
 msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使早于给定时间的对象过期"
 
 #: builtin/push.c:14
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git push [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用规则>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:45
+#: builtin/push.c:47
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr "tag 简写没有跟 <tag> 参数"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:64
+#: builtin/push.c:66
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr "--delete 只接受简单的目标引用名"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:99
+#: builtin/push.c:101
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
@@ -6846,7 +7650,7 @@
 "\n"
 "为了永久地选择任一选项,参见 'git help config' 中的 push.default。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:102
+#: builtin/push.c:104
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
@@ -6870,7 +7674,7 @@
 "    git push %s %s\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:121
+#: builtin/push.c:119
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -6884,7 +7688,7 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:128
+#: builtin/push.c:133
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -6897,12 +7701,12 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:136
+#: builtin/push.c:141
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "当前分支 %s 有多个上游分支,拒绝推送。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:139
+#: builtin/push.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
@@ -6913,7 +7717,7 @@
 "而没有告诉我要推送什么、更新哪个远程分支。"
 
 #  译者:字符串首行行首要添加“warning: ”字串,故此首行要较其余行短
-#: builtin/push.c:151
+#: builtin/push.c:167
 msgid ""
 "push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in\n"
 "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
@@ -6930,9 +7734,8 @@
 "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
 "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
 msgstr ""
-"push.default 未设置,它的默认值将会在 Git 2.0 由 'matching'\n"
-"修改为 'simple'。若要不再显示本信息并在其默认值改变后维持当前使用习惯,\n"
-"进行如下设置:\n"
+"push.default 未设置,它的默认值将在 Git 2.0 由 'matching'\n"
+"改变为 'simple'。若要不再显示本信息并保持传统习惯,进行如下设置:\n"
 "\n"
 "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
 "\n"
@@ -6942,25 +7745,25 @@
 "\n"
 "参见 'git help config' 并查找 'push.default' 以获取更多信息。\n"
 "('simple' 模式由 Git 1.7.11 版本引入。如果您有时要使用老版本的 Git,\n"
-"为保持兼容,请用 'current' 代替 'simple' 模式)"
+"为保持兼容,请用 'current' 代替 'simple')"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:199
+#: builtin/push.c:227
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
-msgstr "您没有为推送指定任何引用表达式,并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
+msgstr "您没有为推送指定任何引用规则,并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:206
+#: builtin/push.c:234
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
-"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
-"before pushing again.\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "更新被拒绝,因为您当前分支的最新提交落后于其对应的远程分支。\n"
-"再次推送前,先与远程变更合并(如 'git pull')。详见\n"
+"再次推送前,先与远程变更合并(如 'git pull ...')。详见\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:212
+#: builtin/push.c:240
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
 "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
@@ -6972,33 +7775,59 @@
 "配置变量 'push.default' 设置为 'simple'、'current' 或 'upstream'\n"
 "以便只推送当前分支。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:218
+#: builtin/push.c:246
 msgid ""
 "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
-"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
-"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
 "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 "更新被拒绝,因为推送的一个分支的最新提交落后于其对应的远程分支。\n"
-"检出该分支并与远程变更合并(如 'git pull'),然后再推送。详见\n"
+"检出该分支并整合远程变更(如 'git pull ...'),然后再推送。详见\n"
 "'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:258
+#: builtin/push.c:252
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒绝,因为远程版本库包含您本地尚不存在的提交。这通常是因为另外\n"
+"一个版本库已向该引用进行了推送。再次推送前,您可能需要先整合远程变更\n"
+"(如 'git pull ...')。\n"
+"详见 'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:259
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "更新被拒绝因为 tag 在远程已经存在。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:262
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果不使用 '--force' 参数,您不能更新一个指向非提交对象的远程引用,\n"
+"也不能更新远程引用让其指向一个非提交对象。\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:328
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "推送到 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:262
+#: builtin/push.c:332
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法推送一些引用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:294
+#: builtin/push.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr "坏的版本库 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:295
+#: builtin/push.c:366
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -7011,7 +7840,7 @@
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 "没有配置推送目标。\n"
-"或者通过命令行指定URL,或者用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
+"或通过命令行指定URL,或用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
 "\n"
 "    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
 "\n"
@@ -7019,82 +7848,95 @@
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:310
+#: builtin/push.c:381
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:311
+#: builtin/push.c:382
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
+msgstr "--all 不能和引用规则同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:316
+#: builtin/push.c:387
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:317
+#: builtin/push.c:388
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
+msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用规则同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:322
+#: builtin/push.c:393
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --mirror 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:382
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:453
 msgid "repository"
-msgstr "坏的版本库 '%s'"
+msgstr "版本库"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:383
+#: builtin/push.c:454
 msgid "push all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "推送所有引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:384
+#: builtin/push.c:455
 msgid "mirror all refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "镜像所有引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:386
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:457
 msgid "delete refs"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:387
+#: builtin/push.c:458
 msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "推送 tags(不能使用 --all or --mirror)"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:390
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/push.c:461
 msgid "force updates"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:391
+#: builtin/push.c:463
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "引用名>:<期望值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:464
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "要求引用旧的取值为设定值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:466
 msgid "check"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "检查"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:392
+#: builtin/push.c:467
 msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归推送"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:394
+#: builtin/push.c:469
 msgid "use thin pack"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "使用精简打包"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:395 builtin/push.c:396
+#: builtin/push.c:470 builtin/push.c:471
 msgid "receive pack program"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "接收包程序"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:397
+#: builtin/push.c:472
 msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "设置 git pull/status 的上游"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:400
+#: builtin/push.c:475
 msgid "prune locally removed refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "清除本地删除的引用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:410
+#: builtin/push.c:477
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-push 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:478
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "推送缺失的有关的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:488
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete 与 --all、--mirror 及 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:412
+#: builtin/push.c:490
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete 未接任何引用没有意义"
 
@@ -7104,155 +7946,164 @@
 "[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
 "index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
 msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<前缀>] [-"
+"u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<文件>] (--empty | <树或提交1> [<树或提交2> [<树或提交3>]])"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:108
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:109
 msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
-msgstr "损坏的索引文件"
+msgstr "将索引结果写入 <file>"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:111
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:112
 msgid "only empty the index"
-msgstr "不能读取索引"
+msgstr "只是清空索引"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:114
 msgid "Merging"
-msgstr "合并:"
+msgstr "合并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:116
 msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "读取之余再执行一个合并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:118
 msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果没有文件级合并需要,执行三路合并"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:120
 msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
-msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "存在添加和删除时,也执行三路合并"
 
 #: builtin/read-tree.c:122
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "<subdirectory>/"
-msgstr "目录/文件"
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "类似于 -m,但丢弃未合并的条目"
 
 #: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<子目录>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
 msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "读取树对象到索引的 <子目录>/ 下"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:126
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:127
 msgid "update working tree with merge result"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "gitignore"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+msgstr "用合并的结果更新工作区"
 
 #: builtin/read-tree.c:129
-msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:132
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
-msgstr "显示工作区状态"
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "允许忽略文件中设定的文件可以被覆盖"
 
 #: builtin/read-tree.c:133
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "合并后不检查工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
 msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不更新索引区和工作区"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:136
 msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跳过应用稀疏检出过滤器"
 
-#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:138
 msgid "debug unpack-trees"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "调试 unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 的值 '%1$s' 不是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:615 builtin/reflog.c:620
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的时间戳"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:11
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:12
 msgid ""
 "git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
 "mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
 msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <分支>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <名称> <url>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:13 builtin/remote.c:32
 msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote rename <旧名称> <新名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:37
 msgid "git remote remove <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote remove <名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:15
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<分支>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:16
 msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:17
 msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:18
 msgid ""
 "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<组> | <远程>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:19
 msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <名称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:20 builtin/remote.c:68
 msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <名称> <新的地址> [<旧的地址>]"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
 msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <名称> <新的地址>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
 msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <名称> <地址>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:27
 msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote add [<选项>] <名称> <地址>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:42
-msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <分支>)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:47
 msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <名称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:48
 msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <名称> <分支>..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:53
 msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote show [<选项>] <名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:58
 msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote prune [<选项>] <名称>"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:63
 msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git remote update [<选项>] [<组> | <远程>]..."
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:98
 #, c-format
@@ -7273,34 +8124,32 @@
 msgstr "未知的镜像参数:%s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:163
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "fetch the remote branches"
-msgstr "  远程分支:%s"
+msgstr "抓取远程的分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:165
 msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "抓取时导入所有的 tags 和关联对象"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:168
 msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "或不抓取任何 tag(--no-tags)"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:170
 msgid "branch(es) to track"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "跟踪的分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:171
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "master branch"
-msgstr "  远程分支:%s"
+msgstr "主线分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:172
 msgid "push|fetch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "push|fetch"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:173
 msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "把远程设置为用以推送或抓取的镜像"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:185
 msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
@@ -7333,7 +8182,7 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:339
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
-msgstr "无法得到引用表达式 %s 的获取列表"
+msgstr "无法得到引用规则 %s 的获取列表"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
 msgid "(matching)"
@@ -7370,7 +8219,7 @@
 "\t%s\n"
 "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
 msgstr ""
-"没有更新非默认的获取引用表达式\n"
+"没有更新非默认的获取引用规则\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "\t如果必要请手动更新配置。"
 
@@ -7495,9 +8344,8 @@
 msgstr "    %-*s 推送至 %s"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1091
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "do not query remotes"
-msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+msgstr "不查询远程"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1118
 #, c-format
@@ -7560,11 +8408,11 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1199
 msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "根据远程设置 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1201
 msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1216
 msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
@@ -7593,13 +8441,13 @@
 #: builtin/remote.c:1274
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s will become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 将成为悬空状态!"
+msgstr " %s 将成为摇摆状态!"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
 #: builtin/remote.c:1275
 #, c-format
 msgid " %s has become dangling!"
-msgstr " %s 已成为悬空状态!"
+msgstr " %s 已成为摇摆状态!"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1281
 #, c-format
@@ -7623,7 +8471,7 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1321
 msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "抓取后清除远程"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
 #, c-format
@@ -7631,9 +8479,8 @@
 msgstr "没有此远程 '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1407
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "add branch"
-msgstr "位于分支 "
+msgstr "添加分支"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1414
 msgid "no remote specified"
@@ -7641,16 +8488,15 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1436
 msgid "manipulate push URLs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "操作推送 URLS"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1438
 msgid "add URL"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "添加 URL"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1440
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "delete URLs"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除 URLS"
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1447
 msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
@@ -7672,53 +8518,113 @@
 
 #: builtin/remote.c:1569
 msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "冗长输出;必须置于子命令之前"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:15
+msgid "git repack [options]"
+msgstr "git repack [选项]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:143
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "所有内容打包到一个包文件中"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:145
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "和 -a 相同,并将不可达的对象设为松散对象"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:148
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "删除多余的包,运行 git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:150
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --no-reuse-delta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:152
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --no-reuse-object"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:154
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "不运行 git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:157
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --local"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:158
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "近似日期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "使用 -A,不要将早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "用于增量压缩的窗口值"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:163
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "和上面的相似,但限制内存大小而非条目数"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:165
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "限制最大增量深度"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:167
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "每个包的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:17
 msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <对象> <替换物>"
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:18
 msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace -d <对象>..."
 
 #: builtin/replace.c:19
 msgid "git replace -l [<pattern>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git replace -l [<模式>]"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:118
+#: builtin/replace.c:131
 msgid "list replace refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出替换的引用"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:119
+#: builtin/replace.c:132
 msgid "delete replace refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除替换的引用"
 
-#: builtin/replace.c:120
+#: builtin/replace.c:133
 msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "如果存在则替换引用"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:11
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
 msgid "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
 
-#: builtin/rerere.c:56
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
 msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
-msgstr "%s:已经存在于索引中"
+msgstr "在索引中注册干净的解决方案"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:25
 msgid ""
 "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<提交>]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:26
-msgid "git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <树或提交> [--] <路径>..."
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:27
-msgid "git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<树或提交>] [--] [<路径>...]"
 
 #: builtin/reset.c:33
 msgid "mixed"
@@ -7740,106 +8646,111 @@
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "保持"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:73
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:75
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "无法找到 HEAD 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:81
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "无法找到 %s 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "不能写入新的索引文件。"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:99
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD 现在位于 %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "不能读取索引"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "重置后撤出暂存区的变更:"
-
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:172
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "在合并过程中不能做%s重置操作。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:238
+#: builtin/reset.c:262
 msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "安静模式,只报告错误"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:240
+#: builtin/reset.c:264
 msgid "reset HEAD and index"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 和索引"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:241
+#: builtin/reset.c:265
 msgid "reset only HEAD"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只重置 HEAD"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:243 builtin/reset.c:245
+#: builtin/reset.c:267 builtin/reset.c:269
 msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重置 HEAD、索引和工作区"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:247
+#: builtin/reset.c:271
 msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 但保存本地变更"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:303
+#: builtin/reset.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的版本。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:292 builtin/reset.c:300
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:308
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
-msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard,mixed,soft} 不兼容"
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的树对象。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:317
+#: builtin/reset.c:306
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard、mixed、soft} 选项不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:315
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用,而是用 'git reset -- <paths>'。"
 
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:319
+#: builtin/reset.c:317
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "不能带路径进行%s重置。"
 
 #  译者:汉字之间无空格,故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:331
+#: builtin/reset.c:327
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr "不能对裸版本库进行%s重置"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:347
+#: builtin/reset.c:344
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "重置后撤出暂存区的变更:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr "不能重置索引文件至版本 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:339
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/reset.c:355
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "不能写入新的索引文件。"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:345
 msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<参数>...]"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:344
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:350
 msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "保持 `--` 作为一个参数传递"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:346
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:352
 msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "遇到第一个非选项参数后停止解析"
 
-#: builtin/rev-parse.c:464
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:470
 msgid ""
 "git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
 "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
@@ -7847,198 +8758,219 @@
 "\n"
 "Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
 msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [选项] -- [<参数>...]\n"
+"   或者:git rev-parse --sq-quote [<参数>...]\n"
+"   或者:git rev-parse [选项] [<参数>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"初次使用时执行 \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" 来获得更多信息。"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:22
-msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git revert [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [选项] <提交号>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:23
 msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git revert <子命令>"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:28
-msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [选项] <提交号>..."
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:29
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
-msgstr "拣选失败"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <子命令>"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr "%s:%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:103
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
 msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "终止反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "继续反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "取消反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "不要自动提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "编辑提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "父编号"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:102
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "追加提交名称"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:103
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "允许快进式"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:104
-msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "保留初始化的空提交"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:105
-msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "允许提交说明为空"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:106
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "don't automatically commit"
-msgstr "不能作为初始提交还原"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:107
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "edit the commit message"
-msgstr "空提交信息。"
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "保持多余的、空的提交"
 
 #: builtin/revert.c:110
-msgid "parent number"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:112
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "merge strategy"
-msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:113
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "option"
-msgstr "动作"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:114
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "option for merge strategy"
-msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:125
-msgid "append commit name"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "allow fast-forward"
-msgstr "(非快进式)"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:127
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
-msgstr "不能作为初始提交还原"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:128
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
-msgstr "提交说明为空"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:129
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
-msgstr "合并未返回提交"
-
-#: builtin/revert.c:133
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "程序错误"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:223
+#: builtin/revert.c:195
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "还原失败"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:238
+#: builtin/revert.c:210
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "拣选失败"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:14
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
 msgid "git rm [options] [--] <file>..."
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
+msgstr "git rm [选项] [--] <文件>..."
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "如下子模组(或一个其嵌套子模组)使用了一个 .git 目录:"
+msgstr[1] "如下子模组(或一个其嵌套子模组)使用了一个 .git 目录:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样:"
+msgstr[1] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样\n"
+"\n"
 "(使用 -f 强制删除)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+msgstr[1] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有变更已暂存至索引中\n"
-"(使用 --cached 保存文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
+"\n"
+"(使用 --cached 保留本地文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
-msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有本地修改\n"
-"(使用 --cached 保存文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件有本地修改:"
+msgstr[1] "如下文件有本地修改:"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:134
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
 msgid "do not list removed files"
-msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
+msgstr "不列出删除的文件"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:135
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
 msgid "only remove from the index"
-msgstr "不能从索引中移除 %s"
+msgstr "只从索引区删除"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:136
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
 msgid "override the up-to-date check"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "忽略文件更新状态检查"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:137
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
 msgid "allow recursive removal"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "允许递归删除"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:139
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
 msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "即使没有匹配,也以零状态退出"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "未提供 -r 选项不会递归删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm:不能删除 %s"
 
 #: builtin/shortlog.c:13
-msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] [<路径>...]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "缺少作者:%s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:253
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
 msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "根据每个作者的提交数量排序"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:255
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
 msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "隐藏提交说明,只提供提交数量"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:257
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
 msgid "Show the email address of each author"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示每个作者的电子邮件地址"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:258
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
 msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:259
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
 msgid "Linewrap output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "折行输出"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:9
 msgid ""
@@ -8047,162 +8979,171 @@
 "independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
 "<glob>)...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--"
+"current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --"
+"independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | "
+"<glob>)...]"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:10
 msgid "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:651
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:650
 msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的和本地的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:653
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
 msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:655
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
 msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "着色 '*!+-' 到相应的分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:657
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
 msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示共同祖先后的 <n> 个提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "和 more=-1 同义"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:659
-msgid "synonym to more=-1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
 msgid "suppress naming strings"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不显示字符串命名"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:662
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
 msgid "include the current branch"
-msgstr "没有当前分支。"
+msgstr "包括当前分支"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:664
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
 msgid "name commits with their object names"
-msgstr "不能写注解对象"
+msgstr "以对象名字命名提交"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:666
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
 msgid "show possible merge bases"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示可能合并的基线"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:668
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
 msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示没有任何引用的的引用"
 
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:670
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
 msgid "show commits in topological order"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以拓扑顺序显示提交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:672
 msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只显示不在第一个分支上的提交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:674
 msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示仅一个分支可访问的合并提交"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:676
-msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
-msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "拓扑方式排序,并尽可能地保持日期顺序"
 
 #: builtin/show-branch.c:679
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:680
 msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从 base 开始的 <n> 条最近的引用日志记录"
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:10
 msgid ""
-"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
-"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] "
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:11
 msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=模式] < 引用列表"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:182
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
 msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
-msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
+msgstr "只显示 tags(可以和头共用)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "只显示头(可以和 tags 共用)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "更严格的引用检测,需要精确的引用路径"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用,即使被过滤掉"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "转换 tags 到对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "只显示使用 <n> 个数字的 SHA1 哈希"
 
 #: builtin/show-ref.c:183
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
-msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式同时使用"
-
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:184
-msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:187 builtin/show-ref.c:189
-msgid "show the HEAD reference"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:191
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
-msgstr "引用不是一个树:%s"
-
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:193
-msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:197
 msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不打印结果到标准输出(例如与 --verify 参数共用)"
 
-#: builtin/show-ref.c:199
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
 msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "显示从标准输入中读入的不在本地版本库中的引用"
 
 #: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
 msgid "git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [选项] 名称 [引用]"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:38
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] name"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] 名称"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
 msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "不显示非符号(分离的)引用的错误信息"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:39
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "删除符号引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
 msgid "shorten ref output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "简短的引用输出"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "原因"
 
-#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40 builtin/update-ref.c:18
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:254
 msgid "reason of the update"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新的原因"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:22
 msgid ""
 "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <说明>|-F <文件>] <标签名> [<头>]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:23
 msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag -d <标签名>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:24
 msgid ""
 "git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] \n"
 "\t\t[<pattern>...]"
 msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <提交>] [--points-at <对象>] \n"
+"\t\t[<模式>...]"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:26
 msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git tag -v <标签名>..."
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:60
 #, c-format
@@ -8230,372 +9171,377 @@
 msgstr "不能校验 tag '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:249
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:256
+#: builtin/tag.c:253
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a tag message\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略,您可以删除它们如果您想这样做。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被保留,如果您愿意也可以删除它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:298
+#: builtin/tag.c:292
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "无法签署 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:300
+#: builtin/tag.c:294
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "无法写 tag 文件"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:325
+#: builtin/tag.c:319
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr "坏的对象类型。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:338
+#: builtin/tag.c:332
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr "tag 头信息太大。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:370
+#: builtin/tag.c:368
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "无 tag 说明?"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#: builtin/tag.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "tag 说明被保留在 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:425
+#: builtin/tag.c:423
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "开关 'points-at' 需要一个对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:447
+#: builtin/tag.c:445
 msgid "list tag names"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "列出tag名称"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:447
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "每个 tag 信息打印 <n> 行"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:449
-msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:451
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "delete tags"
-msgstr "删除"
+msgstr "删除 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:450
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "验证 tags"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:452
-msgid "verify tags"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tag 创建选项"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:454
-msgid "Tag creation options"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "注解 tag,需要一个说明"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:456
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
-msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入名称"
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "tag 说明"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:458
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "tag message"
-msgstr "无 tag 说明?"
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:460
 msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "注解并 GPG 签名的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:462
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "使用另外的私钥签名 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:463
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "如果存在,替换现有的 tag"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:464
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
-msgstr "无法签署 tag"
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:465
-msgid "replace the tag if exists"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示 tag"
 
 #: builtin/tag.c:466
-msgid "show tag list in columns"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "Tag listing options"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Tag 列表选项"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:471
+#: builtin/tag.c:469
 msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只打印包含提交的tags"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:477
+#: builtin/tag.c:475
 msgid "print only tags of the object"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只打印tags对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:501
 msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
 msgstr "--column 和 -n 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:523
+#: builtin/tag.c:518
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "-n 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:525
+#: builtin/tag.c:520
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--contains 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:527
+#: builtin/tag.c:522
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr "--points-at 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:535
+#: builtin/tag.c:530
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "只允许一个 -F 或 -m 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:555
+#: builtin/tag.c:550
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "太多参数"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#: builtin/tag.c:556
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的tag名称。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 已存在"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#: builtin/tag.c:579
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
 msgstr "%s:不能锁定引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#: builtin/tag.c:581
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
 msgstr "%s:不能更新引用"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#: builtin/tag.c:583
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "已更新tag '%s'(曾为 %s)\n"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:401
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:402
 msgid "git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]"
-msgstr "git apply [选项] [<补丁>...]"
-
-#: builtin/update-index.c:717
-msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-index [选项] [--] [<文件>...]"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:720
-msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "当索引需要更新时继续刷新"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:723
-#, fuzzy
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "刷新:忽略子模组"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:726
 msgid "do not ignore new files"
-msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+msgstr "不忽略新的文件"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:725
+#: builtin/update-index.c:728
 msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "让文件替换目录(反之亦然)"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:727
+#: builtin/update-index.c:730
 msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/update-index.c:729
-msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "通知文件从工作区丢失"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:732
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "即使索引区包含未合并的条目也执行刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:735
 msgid "refresh stat information"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "刷新统计信息"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:736
+#: builtin/update-index.c:739
 msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "类似于 --refresh,但是忽略 assume-unchanged 设置"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:740
+#: builtin/update-index.c:743
 msgid "<mode> <object> <path>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<mode> <object> <path>"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:741
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:744
 msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
-msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+msgstr "添加指定的条目到索引区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:745
+#: builtin/update-index.c:748
 msgid "(+/-)x"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:746
+#: builtin/update-index.c:749
 msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/update-index.c:750
-msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "覆盖列表里文件的可执行位"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:753
-msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"没有变更\""
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:756
-msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
-msgstr ""
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "清除 assumed-unchanged 位"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:759
-msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"仅索引\""
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:762
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "清除 skip-worktree 位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
 msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只添加到索引区;不添加对象到对象库"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:764
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
 msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "即使存在工作区里,也删除路径"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:766
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
 msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "携带 --stdin:输入的行以 null 字符终止"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:768
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:771
 msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
-msgstr "(正从标准输入中读取日志信息)\n"
+msgstr "从标准输入中读取需要更新的路径列表"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:772
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtin/update-index.c:775
 msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
-msgstr "不能从标准输入中读取日志信息"
+msgstr "从标准输入添加条目到索引区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+#: builtin/update-index.c:779
 msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "为指定文件重新生成第2和第3暂存区"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+#: builtin/update-index.c:783
 msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/update-index.c:784
-msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只更新与 HEAD 不同的条目"
 
 #: builtin/update-index.c:787
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "忽略工作区丢失的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
 msgid "report actions to standard output"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在标准输出显示操作"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:789
+#: builtin/update-index.c:792
 msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(for porcelains) 忘记保存的未解决的冲突"
 
-#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
 msgid "write index in this format"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "以这种格式写入索引区"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:7
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
 msgid "git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-ref [选项] -d <引用名> [<旧值>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:8
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
 msgid "git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-ref [选项]    <引用名> <新值> [<旧值>]"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:19
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [options] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [选项] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:255
 msgid "delete the reference"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除引用"
 
-#: builtin/update-ref.c:21
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:257
 msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "更新 <引用名> 本身而不是它指向的引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:258
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "标准输入有以 NUL 字符终止的参数"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:259
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取更新"
 
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
 msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
 
 #: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
 msgid "update the info files from scratch"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "从头开始更新文件信息"
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:56
 msgid "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>..."
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
-#, fuzzy
 msgid "verbose"
 msgstr "冗长输出"
 
 #: builtin/verify-pack.c:68
 msgid "show statistics only"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "只显示统计"
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
 msgid "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>..."
 
 #: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
 msgid "print tag contents"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "打印 tag 内容"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:13
 msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<前缀>/]"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:26
 msgid "<prefix>/"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<前缀>/"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:27
 msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "将 <前缀> 子目录内容写到一个树对象"
 
 #: builtin/write-tree.c:30
 msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "只对调试有用"
+
+#: git.c:17
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
 msgstr ""
+"命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示可用的子命令和一些指南。参见\n"
+"'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <指南>' 来查看给定的子命令帮助或指南。"
 
-#: git.c:16
-msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
-msgstr "参见 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信息。"
+#: parse-options.h:146
+msgid "expiry date"
+msgstr "逾期日期"
 
-#: parse-options.h:156
+#: parse-options.h:161
 msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
 msgstr "空操作(向后兼容)"
 
-#: parse-options.h:228
+#: parse-options.h:238
 msgid "be more verbose"
 msgstr "更加详细"
 
-#: parse-options.h:230
+#: parse-options.h:240
 msgid "be more quiet"
 msgstr "更加安静"
 
-#: parse-options.h:236
+#: parse-options.h:246
 msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
 msgstr "用 <n> 位数字显示 SHA-1 哈希值"
 
@@ -8636,8 +9582,8 @@
 msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:17
-msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
-msgstr "创建一个空的 git 版本库或者重新初始化一个"
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "创建一个空的 Git 版本库或重新初始化一个已存在的版本库"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:18
 msgid "Show commit logs"
@@ -8652,8 +9598,8 @@
 msgstr "移动或重命名一个文件、目录或符号链接"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:21
-msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
-msgstr "获取并合并另外的版本库或一个本地分支"
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "获取并整合另外的版本库或一个本地分支"
 
 #: common-cmds.h:22
 msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
@@ -8696,11 +9642,11 @@
 #: git-am.sh:105
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
 "To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
 msgstr ""
-"当您解决了此问题后,执行 \"$cmdline --resolved\"。\n"
+"当您解决了此问题后,执行 \"$cmdline --continue\"。\n"
 "如果您想跳过此补丁,则执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
 "要恢复原分支并停止打补丁,执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
 
@@ -8710,11 +9656,11 @@
 
 #: git-am.sh:137
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的二进制对象(blob)以进行三路合并。"
+msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的数据(blob)对象以进行三路合并。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:139
 msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
-msgstr "更新索引信息以重建基树..."
+msgstr "使用索引来重建一个(三路合并的)基础目录树..."
 
 #: git-am.sh:154
 msgid ""
@@ -8722,7 +9668,7 @@
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 "您是否曾手动编辑过您的补丁?\n"
-"无法应用补丁到索引中的二进制对象(blob)上。"
+"无法应用补丁到索引中的数据(blob)对象上。"
 
 #: git-am.sh:163
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
@@ -8753,25 +9699,34 @@
 "参数 -b/--binary 已经很长时间不做任何实质操作了,并且将被删除。\n"
 "请不要再使用它了。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:477
+#: git-am.sh:479
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
-msgstr "之前的变基目录 $dotest 仍然存在但给出了mbox。"
+msgstr "之前的变基目录 $dotest 仍然存在,但却提供了 mbox。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:482
+#: git-am.sh:484
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "请下决心。--skip 或是 --abort ?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:509
+#: git-am.sh:520
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"发现了错误的 $dotest 目录。\n"
+"使用 \"git am --abort\" 删除它。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:528
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "解决操作未进行,我们不会继续。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:575
+#: git-am.sh:594
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr "脏的索引:不能应用补丁(脏文件:$files)"
 
-#: git-am.sh:679
+#: git-am.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
@@ -8782,15 +9737,15 @@
 "如果您想要跳过这个补丁,执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
 "要恢复原分支并停止打补丁,执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:706
+#: git-am.sh:725
 msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
 msgstr "补丁中没有一个有效的邮件地址。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:753
+#: git-am.sh:772
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr "标准输入没有和终端关联,不能进行交互式操作。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:757
+#: git-am.sh:776
 msgid "Commit Body is:"
 msgstr "提交内容为:"
 
@@ -8798,16 +9753,16 @@
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:764
+#: git-am.sh:783
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "应用?[y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:800
+#: git-am.sh:819
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "正应用:$FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:821
+#: git-am.sh:840
 msgid ""
 "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
 "If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
@@ -8817,29 +9772,31 @@
 "如果没有什么要添加到暂存区的,则很可能是其它提交已经引入了相同的变更。\n"
 "您也许想要跳过这个补丁。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:829
+#: git-am.sh:848
 msgid ""
 "You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
 "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 msgstr "您的索引中仍有未合并的路径。您是否忘了执行 'git add'?"
 
-#: git-am.sh:845
+#: git-am.sh:864
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
-msgstr "没有变更 -- 补丁已经应用过。"
+msgstr "没有变更 —— 补丁已经应用过。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:855
+#: git-am.sh:874
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "补丁失败于 $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:858
+#: git-am.sh:877
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
 "   $dotest/patch"
 msgstr ""
+"失败的补丁文件副本位于:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
 
-#: git-am.sh:876
+#: git-am.sh:895
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "正应用到一个空历史上"
 
@@ -8938,56 +9895,56 @@
 "然后需要提供我至少一个好版本和一个坏版本。\n"
 "(您可以用 \"git bisect bad\" 和 \"git bisect good\" 命令来标识。)"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+#: git-bisect.sh:363 git-bisect.sh:490
 msgid "We are not bisecting."
 msgstr "我们没有在二分查找。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:370
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "'$invalid' 不是一个有效的提交"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:379
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 "不能检出原始 HEAD '$branch'。\n"
-"尝试 'git bisect reset <commit>'。"
+"尝试 'git bisect reset <提交>'。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:406
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "未提供日志文件"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:407
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "不能读取 $file 来重放"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:424
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? 您在说什么?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#: git-bisect.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "running $command"
 msgstr "运行 $command"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#: git-bisect.sh:443
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
 "exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
 msgstr ""
 "二分查找运行失败:\n"
-"命令 '$command' 的退出码 $res 或者小于 0 或者大于等于 128"
+"命令 '$command' 的退出码 $res 小于 0 或大于等于 128"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:453
+#: git-bisect.sh:469
 msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
 msgstr "二分查找不能继续运行"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#: git-bisect.sh:475
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "bisect run failed:\n"
@@ -8996,7 +9953,7 @@
 "二分查找运行失败:\n"
 "'bisect_state $state' 退出码为 $res"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:466
+#: git-bisect.sh:482
 msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr "二分查找运行成功"
 
@@ -9014,7 +9971,7 @@
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr "Pull 不可用,因为您尚有未合并的文件。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:223
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支,变更添加至索引"
 
@@ -9022,7 +9979,7 @@
 #. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
 #. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
 #. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
-#: git-pull.sh:228
+#: git-pull.sh:255
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
@@ -9032,15 +9989,15 @@
 "警告:fetch 更新了当前的分支。您的工作区\n"
 "警告:从原提交 $orig_head 快进。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:280
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "无法将多个分支合并到空分支"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "无法变基到多个分支"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:52
+#: git-rebase.sh:54
 msgid ""
 "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
 "If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
@@ -9051,27 +10008,50 @@
 "如果您想跳过此补丁,则执行 \"git rebase --skip\"。\n"
 "要恢复原分支并停止变基,执行 \"git rebase --abort\"。"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:156
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "成功应用 autostash。"
+
 #: git-rebase.sh:159
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "无法保存 $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:160
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"应用 autostash 导致冲突。\n"
+"您的修改安全地保存在 stash 中。\n"
+"您可以在任何时候运行 \"git stash pop\" 或 \"git stash drop\"。\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:199
 msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
 msgstr "钩子 pre-rebase 拒绝变基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:164
+#: git-rebase.sh:204
 msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
 msgstr "似乎正处于在 git-am 的执行过程中。无法变基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:295
+#: git-rebase.sh:338
 msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
 msgstr "选项 --exec 必须和选项 --interactive 同时使用"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:300
+#: git-rebase.sh:343
 msgid "No rebase in progress?"
 msgstr "没有正在进行的变基?"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:313
+#: git-rebase.sh:354
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "动作 --edit-todo 只能用在交互式变基过程中。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:361
 msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
 msgstr "不能读取 HEAD"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:316
+#: git-rebase.sh:364
 msgid ""
 "You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
 "mark them as resolved using git add"
@@ -9079,12 +10059,12 @@
 "您必须编辑所有的合并冲突,然后通过 git add\n"
 "命令将它们标记为已解决"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:334
+#: git-rebase.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
 msgstr "无法移回 $head_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:350
+#: git-rebase.sh:401
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
@@ -9103,56 +10083,65 @@
 "\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
 "然后再重新执行变基。为避免您丢失重要数据,我已经停止当前操作。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#: git-rebase.sh:446
 #, sh-format
 msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
 msgstr "无效的上游 $upstream_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:419
+#: git-rebase.sh:470
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
 msgstr "$onto_name: 有一个以上的合并基准"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:422 git-rebase.sh:426
+#: git-rebase.sh:473 git-rebase.sh:477
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
 msgstr "$onto_name: 没有合并基准"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:431
+#: git-rebase.sh:482
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
 msgstr "没有指向一个有效的提交:$onto_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:454
+#: git-rebase.sh:505
 #, sh-format
 msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
 msgstr "严重错误:无此分支:$branch_name"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:474
+#: git-rebase.sh:528
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "无法 autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:533
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "创建了 autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:537
 msgid "Please commit or stash them."
 msgstr "请提交或为它们保存进度。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:492
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
 msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:495
+#: git-rebase.sh:561
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
 msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的,强制变基。"
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:506
+#: git-rebase.sh:572
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
 msgstr "变更从 $mb 到 $onto:"
 
 #. Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-#: git-rebase.sh:515
+#: git-rebase.sh:581
 msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
 msgstr "首先,重置头指针以便在上面重放您的工作..."
 
-#: git-rebase.sh:523
+#: git-rebase.sh:591
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
 msgstr "快进 $branch_name 至 $onto_name。"
@@ -9185,6 +10174,11 @@
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "不能记录工作区状态"
 
+#: git-stash.sh:190
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "无法用 $w_commit 更新 $ref_stash"
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
 #. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
 #. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
@@ -9195,7 +10189,7 @@
 #. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 #. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 #. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-#: git-stash.sh:202
+#: git-stash.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
@@ -9204,119 +10198,123 @@
 "错误:'stash save' 的未知选项:$option\n"
 "      要提供一个描述信息,使用 git stash save -- '$option'"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:258
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "没有要保存的本地修改"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:262
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr "无法初始化 stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:266
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "无法保存当前状态"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:284
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "无法删除工作区变更"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:383
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr "未发现 stash。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:390
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr "指定了太多的版本:$REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:396
 #, sh-format
 msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
 msgstr "$reference 不是有效的引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:424
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr "'$args' 不是 stash 样提交"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:435
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr "'$args' 不是一个 stash 引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:443
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr "无法刷新索引"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:447
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "无法在合并过程中恢复进度"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:455
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr "索引中有冲突。尝试不使用 --index。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:457
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr "不能保存索引树"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:491
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:475
+#: git-stash.sh:506
 msgid "Index was not unstashed."
 msgstr "索引的进度没有被恢复。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:523
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "丢弃了 ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:493
+#: git-stash.sh:524
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr "${REV}:不能丢弃进度条目"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:500
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "未指定分支名"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:571
+#: git-stash.sh:603
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "(为恢复数据输入 \"git stash apply\")"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:88
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "无法从 url '$remoteurl' 剥离一个组件"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:167
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
 msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "未在 .gitmodules 中发现路径 '$sm_path' 的子模组映射"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:211
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr "无法克隆 '$url' 到子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:223
+#: git-submodule.sh:293
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
-msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在子模组路径 '$b' 之下或者相反"
+msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在子模组路径 '$b' 之下或相反"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:312
+#: git-submodule.sh:403
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "只能在工作区的顶级目录中使用相对路径"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:413
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "版本库URL:'$repo' 必须是绝对路径或以 ./|../ 起始"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:329
+#: git-submodule.sh:430
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已经存在于索引中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:333
+#: git-submodule.sh:434
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
@@ -9327,159 +10325,393 @@
 "$sm_path\n"
 "如果您确实想添加它,使用 -f 参数。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:344
+#: git-submodule.sh:452
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
 msgstr "添加位于 '$sm_path' 的现存版本库到索引"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:346
+#: git-submodule.sh:454
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
 msgstr "'$sm_path' 已存在且不是一个有效的 git 版本库"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:360
+#: git-submodule.sh:462
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "本地发现 '$sm_name' 的一个 git 目录,与其对应的远程版本库:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:464
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "如果您想重用此本地 git 目录而不是重新克隆自"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:466
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "使用 '--force' 参数。如果本地 git 目录不是正确的版本库"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "或者您不确定其中含义使用 '--name' 参数选择另外一个名称。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "激活本地 git 目录到子模组 '$sm_name'。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:481
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "不能检出子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:365
+#: git-submodule.sh:486
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法添加子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:370
+#: git-submodule.sh:495
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法注册子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:413
+#: git-submodule.sh:539
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
-msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:427
+#: git-submodule.sh:554
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "停止于 '$sm_path',脚本返回非零值。"
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "停止于 '$prefix$displaypath',脚本返回非零值。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:471
+#: git-submodule.sh:600
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到子模组路径 '$sm_path' 的 url"
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到子模组路径 '$displaypath' 的 url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:480
+#: git-submodule.sh:609
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册 url"
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册 url"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:482
+#: git-submodule.sh:611
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:490
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$sm_path' 注册更新模式"
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册更新模式"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:590
+#: git-submodule.sh:656
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "使用 '.' 如果您真的想要对所有子模组取消初始化"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:673
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包含一个 .git 目录"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:680
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包含本地修改;使用 '-f' 丢弃它们"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:683
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "已清除目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:684
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法移除子模组工作区 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:687
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "不能创建空的子模组目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:696
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:811
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"子模组路径 '$sm_path' 没有初始化\n"
+"子模组路径 '$displaypath' 没有初始化\n"
 "也许您想用 'update --init'?"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:603
+#: git-submodule.sh:824
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中找到当前版本"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中找到当前版本"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:622
+#: git-submodule.sh:833
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#: git-submodule.sh:857
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中变基 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:637
+#: git-submodule.sh:871
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':变基至 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中变基 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:642
+#: git-submodule.sh:872
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath':变基至 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:643
+#: git-submodule.sh:877
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':已合并入 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:648
+#: git-submodule.sh:878
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath':已合并入 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:649
+#: git-submodule.sh:883
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$sm_path':检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中执行 '$command $sha1' 失败"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:671 git-submodule.sh:995
+#: git-submodule.sh:884
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
-msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:779
+#: git-submodule.sh:889
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath':检出 '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:917
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1025
 msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr "选项 --cached 不能和选项 --files 同时使用"
 
 #. unexpected type
-#: git-submodule.sh:819
+#: git-submodule.sh:1073
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr "意外的模式 $mod_dst"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:837
+#: git-submodule.sh:1093
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  警告:$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_src"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:840
+#: git-submodule.sh:1096
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告:$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_dst"
 
 #  译者:注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#: git-submodule.sh:1099
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告:$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告:$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:868
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
 msgid "blob"
-msgstr "二进制对象"
+msgstr "数据对象"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:906
-msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-msgstr "# 子模组已修改但尚未更新:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:908
-msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-msgstr "要提交的子模组变更:"
-
-#: git-submodule.sh:1054
+#: git-submodule.sh:1238
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "为 '$name' 同步子模组 url"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "为 '$displaypath' 同步子模组 url"
+
+#~ msgid "done\n"
+#~ msgstr "完成\n"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "输入路径以null字符终止"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr "如下未跟踪文件将不会被保存但是将会因为进度保存而需要被删除:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr "终止。考虑使用 --force 或者 --include-untracked 选项。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "the following submodule (or one of its nested submodule)\n"
+#~ "uses a .git directory:"
+#~ msgid_plural ""
+#~ "the following submodules (or one of its nested submodule)\n"
+#~ "use a .git directory:"
+#~ msgstr[0] "如下子模组(或一个其嵌套的子模组)使用了一个 .git 目录:"
+#~ msgstr[1] "如下子模组(或一个其嵌套的子模组)使用了一个 .git 目录:"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (解决冲突,然后运行 \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#  译者:注意保持前导空格
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (解决所有冲突后,执行 \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "提供了超过 %d 个树对象:'%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "您不能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only 同时使用。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "子模组 '%s'(或者它的一个嵌套子模组)使用一个 .git 目录\n"
+#~ "(使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' 有变更已暂存至索引中\n"
+#~ "(使用 --cached 保存文件,或用 -f 强制删除)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "显示提交时以时间为序且父提交不能领先子提交"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用"
+
+#~ msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$sm_path' 注册"
+
+#~ msgid "Change flags"
+#~ msgstr "修改参数"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "NOTE: no more files to clean; press \"t\" to toggle flags of git-clean."
+#~ msgstr "注意:没有要清理的文件;尝试按 \"t\" 切换 git-clean 的选项。"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [版本选项] [--] [<提交号>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr "参见 'git help <command>' 以获得该特定命令的详细信息。"
+
+#~ msgid "BUG: impossible combination of %d and %p"
+#~ msgstr "BUG: 无法组合 %d 和 %p"
+
+#  译者:以下三条实际为一个段落
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno'"
+
+#  译者:为对齐,下面两句内容有调整
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "也许能提高速度,但您需要小心不要忘了添加新文件"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "(参见 'git help status')。"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs 里的任意引用"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "使用 .git/refs/tags 里的任意 tag"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "坏对象 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "虚假的提交者信息 %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "不能打开 'show' 输出文件句柄"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管道"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d 个文件被修改"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ",插入 %d 行(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ",删除 %d 行(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "哎哟"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+#~ msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | -d | <分支>])"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "不能读取索引"
 
 #  译者:中文字符串拼接,可删除前导空格
 #~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
@@ -9488,9 +10720,6 @@
 #~ msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
 #~ msgstr "-B 不能和 -b 同时使用"
 
-#~ msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-#~ msgstr "--patch 选项和其他选项不兼容"
-
 #~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
 #~ msgstr "--detach 不能和 -b/-B/--orphan 同时使用"
 
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
index 49cb08d..8c44ceb 100644
--- a/preload-index.c
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	; /* nothing */
 }
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@
 struct thread_data {
 	pthread_t pthread;
 	struct index_state *index;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int offset, nr;
 };
 
@@ -35,9 +37,7 @@
 	struct index_state *index = p->index;
 	struct cache_entry **cep = index->cache + p->offset;
 	struct cache_def cache;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, p->pathspec);
 	memset(&cache, 0, sizeof(cache));
 	nr = p->nr;
 	if (nr + p->offset > index->cache_nr)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 			continue;
 		if (ce_uptodate(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &p->pathspec))
 			continue;
 		if (threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&cache, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@
 			continue;
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 	} while (--nr > 0);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int threads, i, work, offset;
 	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
@@ -82,10 +82,12 @@
 		threads = MAX_PARALLEL;
 	offset = 0;
 	work = DIV_ROUND_UP(index->cache_nr, threads);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
 		p->index = index;
-		p->pathspec = pathspec;
+		if (pathspec)
+			copy_pathspec(&p->pathspec, pathspec);
 		p->offset = offset;
 		p->nr = work;
 		offset += work;
@@ -100,7 +102,8 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int retval = read_index(index);
 
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index dba6828..962e82b 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, size_t len,
 		       const char *encoding, enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
 	static const int max_encoded_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
@@ -355,9 +355,22 @@
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
 	line_len += strlen(encoding) + 5; /* 5 for =??q? */
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
-		int is_special = is_rfc2047_special(ch, type);
+
+	while (len) {
+		/*
+		 * RFC 2047, section 5 (3):
+		 *
+		 * Each 'encoded-word' MUST represent an integral number of
+		 * characters.  A multi-octet character may not be split across
+		 * adjacent 'encoded- word's.
+		 */
+		const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)line;
+		int chrlen = mbs_chrlen(&line, &len, encoding);
+		int is_special = (chrlen > 1) || is_rfc2047_special(*p, type);
+
+		/* "=%02X" * chrlen, or the byte itself */
+		const char *encoded_fmt = is_special ? "=%02X"    : "%c";
+		int	    encoded_len = is_special ? 3 * chrlen : 1;
 
 		/*
 		 * According to RFC 2047, we could encode the special character
@@ -367,85 +380,113 @@
 		 * causes ' ' to be encoded as '=20', avoiding this problem.
 		 */
 
-		if (line_len + 2 + (is_special ? 3 : 1) > max_encoded_length) {
+		if (line_len + encoded_len + 2 > max_encoded_length) {
+			/* It won't fit with trailing "?=" --- break the line */
 			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
 			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
 		}
 
-		if (is_special) {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
-			line_len += 3;
-		} else {
-			strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-			line_len++;
-		}
+		for (i = 0; i < chrlen; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, encoded_fmt, p[i]);
+		line_len += encoded_len;
 	}
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
 }
 
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *ident,
+				   enum date_mode mode)
+{
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	int tz = 0;
+
+	if (ident->date_begin && ident->date_end)
+		date = strtoul(ident->date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	if (ident->tz_begin && ident->tz_end)
+		tz = strtol(ident->tz_begin, NULL, 10);
+	return show_date(date, tz, mode);
+}
+
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding)
 {
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *line_end;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
-	char *date;
-	int namelen;
-	unsigned long time;
-	int tz;
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 		return;
-	date = strchr(line, '>');
-	if (!date)
+
+	line_end = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, line, line_end - line))
 		return;
-	namelen = ++date - line;
-	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
-	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
+
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (pp->mailmap)
+		map_user(pp->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
-		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
-		int display_name_length;
-		if (!name_tail)
-			return;
-		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
-			name_tail--;
-		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
+		if (pp->from_ident && ident_cmp(pp->from_ident, &ident)) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "From: ");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, " <");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, mailbuf, maillen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, ">\n");
+			string_list_append(&pp->in_body_headers,
+					   strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+
+			mailbuf = pp->from_ident->mail_begin;
+			maillen = pp->from_ident->mail_end - mailbuf;
+			namebuf = pp->from_ident->name_begin;
+			namelen = pp->from_ident->name_end - namebuf;
+		}
+
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
-		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(line, display_name_length, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
-			add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length,
-						encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(namebuf, namelen, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
+			add_rfc2047(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+				    encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
 			max_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
-		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(line, display_name_length)) {
+		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(namebuf, namelen)) {
 			struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
-			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, line, display_name_length);
+			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, namebuf, namelen);
 			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len,
 							-6, 1, max_length);
 			strbuf_release(&quoted);
 		} else {
-			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, line, display_name_length,
-							-6, 1, max_length);
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+						 -6, 1, max_length);
 		}
-		if (namelen - display_name_length + last_line_length(sb) > max_length) {
+
+		if (max_length <
+		    last_line_length(sb) + strlen(" <") + maillen + strlen(">"))
 			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-			if (!isspace(name_tail[0]))
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " <%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	} else {
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
-			      (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
-			      "    ", namelen, line);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s <%.*s>\n", what,
+			    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0, "    ",
+			    (int)namelen, namebuf, (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	}
+
 	switch (pp->fmt) {
 	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, DATE_RFC2822));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what,
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* notin' */
@@ -456,7 +497,7 @@
 static int is_empty_line(const char *line, int *len_p)
 {
 	int len = *len_p;
-	while (len && isspace(line[len-1]))
+	while (len && isspace(line[len - 1]))
 		len--;
 	*len_p = len;
 	return !len;
@@ -501,10 +542,11 @@
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
-static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *msg,
+			const char *key)
 {
 	int key_len = strlen(key);
-	const char *line = commit->buffer;
+	const char *line = msg;
 
 	while (line) {
 		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
@@ -560,33 +602,94 @@
 }
 
 char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+		      char **commit_encoding,
 		      const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
 	char *encoding;
+	char *msg = commit->buffer;
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!*output_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	if (!msg) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		msg = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!msg)
+			die("Cannot read commit object %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Expected commit for '%s', got %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), typename(type));
+	}
+
+	if (!output_encoding || !*output_encoding) {
+		if (commit_encoding)
+			*commit_encoding =
+				get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+		return msg;
+	}
+	encoding = get_header(commit, msg, "encoding");
+	if (commit_encoding)
+		*commit_encoding = encoding;
 	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
-	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding))
-		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
-			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-		else
-			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
-	else
-		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding)) {
+		/*
+		 * No encoding work to be done. If we have no encoding header
+		 * at all, then there's nothing to do, and we can return the
+		 * message verbatim (whether newly allocated or not).
+		 */
+		if (!encoding)
+			return msg;
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we still want to munge the encoding header in the
+		 * result, which will be done by modifying the buffer. If we
+		 * are using a fresh copy, we can reuse it. But if we are using
+		 * the cached copy from commit->buffer, we need to duplicate it
+		 * to avoid munging commit->buffer.
+		 */
+		out = msg;
+		if (out == commit->buffer)
+			out = xstrdup(out);
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * There's actual encoding work to do. Do the reencoding, which
+		 * still leaves the header to be replaced in the next step. At
+		 * this point, we are done with msg. If we allocated a fresh
+		 * copy, we can free it.
+		 */
+		out = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, use_encoding);
+		if (out && msg != commit->buffer)
+			free(msg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This replacement actually consumes the buffer we hand it, so we do
+	 * not have to worry about freeing the old "out" here.
+	 */
 	if (out)
 		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
 
-	free(encoding);
-	return out;
+	if (!commit_encoding)
+		free(encoding);
+	/*
+	 * If the re-encoding failed, out might be NULL here; in that
+	 * case we just return the commit message verbatim.
+	 */
+	return out ? out : msg;
 }
 
-static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+void logmsg_free(char *msg, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (msg != commit->buffer)
+		free(msg);
+}
+
+static int mailmap_name(const char **email, size_t *email_len,
+			const char **name, size_t *name_len)
 {
 	static struct string_list *mail_map;
 	if (!mail_map) {
@@ -601,68 +704,49 @@
 {
 	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
 	const int placeholder_len = 2;
-	int tz;
-	unsigned long date = 0;
-	char person_name[1024];
-	char person_mail[1024];
 	struct ident_split s;
-	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end;
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t maillen, namelen;
 
 	if (split_ident_line(&s, msg, len) < 0)
 		goto skip;
 
-	name_start = s.name_begin;
-	name_end = s.name_end;
-	mail_start = s.mail_begin;
-	mail_end = s.mail_end;
+	name = s.name_begin;
+	namelen = s.name_end - s.name_begin;
+	mail = s.mail_begin;
+	maillen = s.mail_end - s.mail_begin;
 
-	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
-		snprintf(person_name, sizeof(person_name), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(name_end - name_start), name_start);
-		snprintf(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), "%.*s",
-			 (int)(mail_end - mail_start), mail_start);
-		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
-		name_start = person_name;
-		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
-		mail_start = person_mail;
-		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
-	}
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') /* mailmap lookup */
+		mailmap_name(&mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name, namelen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
-		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail, maillen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
 	if (!s.date_begin)
 		goto skip;
 
-	date = strtoul(s.date_begin, NULL, 10);
-
 	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
 		strbuf_add(sb, s.date_begin, s.date_end - s.date_begin);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* parse tz */
-	tz = strtoul(s.tz_begin + 1, NULL, 10);
-	if (*s.tz_begin == '-')
-		tz = -tz;
-
 	switch (part) {
 	case 'd':	/* date */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, dmode));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RFC2822));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RELATIVE));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_ISO8601));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
@@ -684,24 +768,38 @@
 	size_t len;
 };
 
+enum flush_type {
+	no_flush,
+	flush_right,
+	flush_left,
+	flush_left_and_steal,
+	flush_both
+};
+
+enum trunc_type {
+	trunc_none,
+	trunc_left,
+	trunc_middle,
+	trunc_right
+};
+
 struct format_commit_context {
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
-	unsigned commit_signature_parsed:1;
-	struct {
-		char *gpg_output;
-		char good_bad;
-		char *signer;
-	} signature;
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	enum trunc_type truncate;
 	char *message;
+	char *commit_encoding;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+	int auto_color;
+	int padding;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
 	struct chunk author;
 	struct chunk committer;
-	struct chunk encoding;
 	size_t message_off;
 	size_t subject_off;
 	size_t body_off;
@@ -748,9 +846,6 @@
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
 			context->committer.off = i + 10;
 			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
-			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
-			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
 		}
 		i = eol;
 	}
@@ -831,23 +926,6 @@
 	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
 }
 
-static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct name_decoration *d;
-	const char *prefix = " (";
-
-	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
-	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	while (d) {
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
-		d = d->next;
-	}
-	if (prefix[0] == ',')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
-}
-
 static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
 			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
 {
@@ -877,59 +955,6 @@
 	c->indent2 = new_indent2;
 }
 
-static struct {
-	char result;
-	const char *check;
-} signature_check[] = {
-	{ 'G', ": Good signature from " },
-	{ 'B', ": BAD signature from " },
-};
-
-static void parse_signature_lines(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	const char *buf = ctx->signature.gpg_output;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(signature_check); i++) {
-		const char *found = strstr(buf, signature_check[i].check);
-		const char *next;
-		if (!found)
-			continue;
-		ctx->signature.good_bad = signature_check[i].result;
-		found += strlen(signature_check[i].check);
-		next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
-		ctx->signature.signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_commit_signature(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int status;
-
-	ctx->commit_signature_parsed = 1;
-
-	if (parse_signed_commit(ctx->commit->object.sha1,
-				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
-		goto out;
-	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
-				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
-	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
-		goto out;
-	ctx->signature.gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
-	parse_signature_lines(ctx);
-
- out:
-	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
-	strbuf_release(&payload);
-	strbuf_release(&signature);
-}
-
-
 static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 				char part,
 				struct reflog_walk_info *log,
@@ -947,7 +972,112 @@
 	return format_person_part(sb, part, ident, strlen(ident), dmode);
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t parse_color(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+			  const char *placeholder,
+			  struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+		const char *begin = placeholder + 2;
+		const char *end = strchr(begin, ')');
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+		if (!end)
+			return 0;
+		if (!prefixcmp(begin, "auto,")) {
+			if (!want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color))
+				return end - placeholder + 1;
+			begin += 5;
+		}
+		color_parse_mem(begin,
+				end - begin,
+				"--pretty format", color);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+		return 4;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+		return 6;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+		return 5;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+		return 6;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t parse_padding_placeholder(struct strbuf *sb,
+					const char *placeholder,
+					struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *ch = placeholder;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	int to_column = 0;
+
+	switch (*ch++) {
+	case '<':
+		flush_type = flush_right;
+		break;
+	case '>':
+		if (*ch == '<') {
+			flush_type = flush_both;
+			ch++;
+		} else if (*ch == '>') {
+			flush_type = flush_left_and_steal;
+			ch++;
+		} else
+			flush_type = flush_left;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the next value means "wide enough to that column" */
+	if (*ch == '|') {
+		to_column = 1;
+		ch++;
+	}
+
+	if (*ch == '(') {
+		const char *start = ch + 1;
+		const char *end = start + strcspn(start, ",)");
+		char *next;
+		int width;
+		if (!end || end == start)
+			return 0;
+		width = strtoul(start, &next, 10);
+		if (next == start || width == 0)
+			return 0;
+		c->padding = to_column ? -width : width;
+		c->flush_type = flush_type;
+
+		if (*end == ',') {
+			start = end + 1;
+			end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end || end == start)
+				return 0;
+			if (!prefixcmp(start, "trunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_right;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "ltrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_left;
+			else if (!prefixcmp(start, "mtrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_middle;
+			else
+				return 0;
+		} else
+			c->truncate = trunc_none;
+
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				const char *placeholder,
 				void *context)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
@@ -959,31 +1089,20 @@
 	/* these are independent of the commit */
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'C':
-		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
-			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
-			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-			if (!end)
-				return 0;
-			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
-					end - (placeholder + 2),
-					"--pretty format", color);
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
-			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "(auto)")) {
+			c->auto_color = 1;
+			return 7; /* consumed 7 bytes, "C(auto)" */
+		} else {
+			int ret = parse_color(sb, placeholder, c);
+			if (ret)
+				c->auto_color = 0;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we decided to treat %C<unknown>
+			 * as a literal string, and the previous
+			 * %C(auto) is still valid.
+			 */
+			return ret;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
-			return 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
-			return 6;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
-			return 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-			return 6;
-		} else
-			return 0;
 	case 'n':		/* newline */
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 		return 1;
@@ -1021,6 +1140,10 @@
 			return end - placeholder + 1;
 		} else
 			return 0;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+		return parse_padding_placeholder(sb, placeholder, c);
 	}
 
 	/* these depend on the commit */
@@ -1029,13 +1152,19 @@
 
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		return 1;
 	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
-		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 			return 1;
+		}
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
 		return 1;
 	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
@@ -1072,7 +1201,8 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, get_revision_mark(NULL, commit));
 		return 1;
 	case 'd':
-		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations(sb, commit, c->auto_color);
 		return 1;
 	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
 		switch(placeholder[1]) {
@@ -1100,32 +1230,37 @@
 		}
 		return 0;	/* unknown %g placeholder */
 	case 'N':
-		if (c->pretty_ctx->show_notes) {
-			format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb,
-				    get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
+		if (c->pretty_ctx->notes_message) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->pretty_ctx->notes_message);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (placeholder[0] == 'G') {
-		if (!c->commit_signature_parsed)
-			parse_commit_signature(c);
+		if (!c->signature_check.result)
+			check_commit_signature(c->commit, &(c->signature_check));
 		switch (placeholder[1]) {
 		case 'G':
-			if (c->signature.gpg_output)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.gpg_output);
+			if (c->signature_check.gpg_output)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.gpg_output);
 			break;
 		case '?':
-			switch (c->signature.good_bad) {
+			switch (c->signature_check.result) {
 			case 'G':
 			case 'B':
-				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature.good_bad);
+			case 'U':
+			case 'N':
+				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature_check.result);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'S':
-			if (c->signature.signer)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.signer);
+			if (c->signature_check.signer)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.signer);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			if (c->signature_check.key)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
 			break;
 		}
 		return 2;
@@ -1146,7 +1281,8 @@
 				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
 				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'e':	/* encoding */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		if (c->commit_encoding)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->commit_encoding);
 		return 1;
 	case 'B':	/* raw body */
 		/* message_off is always left at the initial newline */
@@ -1172,7 +1308,111 @@
 	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t format_and_pad_commit(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				    const char *placeholder,
+				    struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	struct strbuf local_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total_consumed = 0, len, padding = c->padding;
+	if (padding < 0) {
+		const char *start = strrchr(sb->buf, '\n');
+		int occupied;
+		if (!start)
+			start = sb->buf;
+		occupied = utf8_strnwidth(start, -1, 1);
+		padding = (-padding) - occupied;
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		int modifier = *placeholder == 'C';
+		int consumed = format_commit_one(&local_sb, placeholder, c);
+		total_consumed += consumed;
+
+		if (!modifier)
+			break;
+
+		placeholder += consumed;
+		if (*placeholder != '%')
+			break;
+		placeholder++;
+		total_consumed++;
+	}
+	len = utf8_strnwidth(local_sb.buf, -1, 1);
+
+	if (c->flush_type == flush_left_and_steal) {
+		const char *ch = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		while (len > padding && ch > sb->buf) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (*ch == ' ') {
+				ch--;
+				padding++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* check for trailing ansi sequences */
+			if (*ch != 'm')
+				break;
+			p = ch - 1;
+			while (ch - p < 10 && *p != '\033')
+				p--;
+			if (*p != '\033' ||
+			    ch + 1 - p != display_mode_esc_sequence_len(p))
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * got a good ansi sequence, put it back to
+			 * local_sb as we're cutting sb
+			 */
+			strbuf_insert(&local_sb, 0, p, ch + 1 - p);
+			ch = p - 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, ch + 1 - sb->buf);
+		c->flush_type = flush_left;
+	}
+
+	if (len > padding) {
+		switch (c->truncate) {
+		case trunc_left:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    0, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_middle:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding / 2 - 1,
+					    len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_right:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding - 2, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_none:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, local_sb.buf);
+	} else {
+		int sb_len = sb->len, offset = 0;
+		if (c->flush_type == flush_left)
+			offset = padding - len;
+		else if (c->flush_type == flush_both)
+			offset = (padding - len) / 2;
+		/*
+		 * we calculate padding in columns, now
+		 * convert it back to chars
+		 */
+		padding = padding - len + local_sb.len;
+		strbuf_grow(sb, padding);
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb_len + padding);
+		memset(sb->buf + sb_len, ' ', sb->len - sb_len);
+		memcpy(sb->buf + sb_len + offset, local_sb.buf,
+		       local_sb.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&local_sb);
+	c->flush_type = no_flush;
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				 const char *placeholder,
 				 void *context)
 {
 	int consumed;
@@ -1201,7 +1441,10 @@
 		placeholder++;
 
 	orig_len = sb->len;
-	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (((struct format_commit_context *)context)->flush_type != no_flush)
+		consumed = format_and_pad_commit(sb, placeholder, context);
+	else
+		consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
 	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
 		return consumed;
 
@@ -1251,34 +1494,44 @@
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
-	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
+	const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
-	context.message = commit->buffer;
-	if (output_enc) {
-		char *enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
-		if (strcmp(enc ? enc : utf8, output_enc)) {
-			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
-			if (!context.message)
-				context.message = commit->buffer;
-		}
-		free(enc);
-	}
+	context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit,
+					  &context.commit_encoding,
+					  output_enc);
 
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
 
-	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
-		free(context.message);
-	free(context.signature.gpg_output);
-	free(context.signature.signer);
+	if (output_enc) {
+		if (same_encoding(utf8, output_enc))
+			output_enc = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (context.commit_encoding &&
+		    !same_encoding(context.commit_encoding, utf8))
+			output_enc = context.commit_encoding;
+	}
+
+	if (output_enc) {
+		int outsz;
+		char *out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len,
+						output_enc, utf8, &outsz);
+		if (out)
+			strbuf_attach(sb, out, outsz, outsz + 1);
+	}
+
+	free(context.commit_encoding);
+	logmsg_free(context.message, commit);
+	free(context.signature_check.gpg_output);
+	free(context.signature_check.signer);
 }
 
-static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static void pp_header(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		      const char *encoding,
 		      const struct commit *commit,
 		      const char **msg_p,
@@ -1303,7 +1556,7 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "parent ")) {
 			if (linelen != 48)
 				die("bad parent line in commit");
 			continue;
@@ -1327,11 +1580,11 @@
 		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
 		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
 		 */
-		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "author ")) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, line + 7, encoding);
 		}
-		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "committer ") &&
 		    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
 			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, line + 10, encoding);
@@ -1339,7 +1592,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
@@ -1366,6 +1619,16 @@
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
+	if (need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			if (has_non_ascii(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string)) {
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
 		const char *header_fmt =
 			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -1379,10 +1642,21 @@
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
+
+	if (pp->in_body_headers.nr) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+			free(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&pp->in_body_headers, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
 	strbuf_release(&title);
 }
 
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent)
@@ -1414,23 +1688,13 @@
 	}
 }
 
-char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit, const char **encoding_p)
-{
-	const char *encoding;
-
-	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	if (encoding_p)
-		*encoding_p = encoding;
-	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-}
-
-void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			 const struct commit *commit,
 			 struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	const char *msg;
 	char *reencoded;
 	const char *encoding;
 	int need_8bit_cte = pp->need_8bit_cte;
@@ -1440,10 +1704,8 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, &encoding);
-	if (reencoded) {
-		msg = reencoded;
-	}
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	msg = reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		indent = 0;
@@ -1500,11 +1762,7 @@
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
-	if (pp->show_notes)
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb, encoding,
-				     NOTES_SHOW_HEADER | NOTES_INDENT);
-
-	free(reencoded);
+	logmsg_free(reencoded, commit);
 }
 
 void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
diff --git a/prio-queue.c b/prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f8c6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (queue->compare != NULL)
+		die("BUG: prio_queue_reverse() on non-LIFO queue");
+	for (i = 0; i <= (j = (queue->nr - 1) - i); i++) {
+		struct commit *swap = queue->array[i];
+		queue->array[i] = queue->array[j];
+		queue->array[j] = swap;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	free(queue->array);
+	queue->nr = 0;
+	queue->alloc = 0;
+	queue->array = NULL;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *queue, void *thing)
+{
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare = queue->compare;
+	int ix, parent;
+
+	/* Append at the end */
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->array, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
+	queue->array[queue->nr++] = thing;
+	if (!compare)
+		return; /* LIFO */
+
+	/* Bubble up the new one */
+	for (ix = queue->nr - 1; ix; ix = parent) {
+		parent = (ix - 1) / 2;
+		if (compare(queue->array[parent], queue->array[ix],
+			    queue->cb_data) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		thing = queue->array[parent];
+		queue->array[parent] = queue->array[ix];
+		queue->array[ix] = thing;
+	}
+}
+
+void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	void *result, *swap;
+	int ix, child;
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare = queue->compare;
+
+	if (!queue->nr)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!compare)
+		return queue->array[--queue->nr]; /* LIFO */
+
+	result = queue->array[0];
+	if (!--queue->nr)
+		return result;
+
+	queue->array[0] = queue->array[queue->nr];
+
+	/* Push down the one at the root */
+	for (ix = 0; ix * 2 + 1 < queue->nr; ix = child) {
+		child = ix * 2 + 1; /* left */
+		if ((child + 1 < queue->nr) &&
+		    (compare(queue->array[child], queue->array[child + 1],
+			     queue->cb_data) >= 0))
+			child++; /* use right child */
+
+		if (compare(queue->array[ix], queue->array[child],
+			    queue->cb_data) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap = queue->array[child];
+		queue->array[child] = queue->array[ix];
+		queue->array[ix] = swap;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/prio-queue.h b/prio-queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3cd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef PRIO_QUEUE_H
+#define PRIO_QUEUE_H
+
+/*
+ * A priority queue implementation, primarily for keeping track of
+ * commits in the 'date-order' so that we process them from new to old
+ * as they are discovered, but can be used to hold any pointer to
+ * struct.  The caller is responsible for supplying a function to
+ * compare two "things".
+ *
+ * Alternatively, this data structure can also be used as a LIFO stack
+ * by specifying NULL as the comparison function.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Compare two "things", one and two; the third parameter is cb_data
+ * in the prio_queue structure.  The result is returned as a sign of
+ * the return value, being the same as the sign of the result of
+ * subtracting "two" from "one" (i.e. negative if "one" sorts earlier
+ * than "two").
+ */
+typedef int (*prio_queue_compare_fn)(const void *one, const void *two, void *cb_data);
+
+struct prio_queue {
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare;
+	void *cb_data;
+	int alloc, nr;
+	void **array;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Add the "thing" to the queue.
+ */
+extern void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *, void *thing);
+
+/*
+ * Extract the "thing" that compares the smallest out of the queue,
+ * or NULL.  If compare function is NULL, the queue acts as a LIFO
+ * stack.
+ */
+extern void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *);
+
+extern void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *);
+
+/* Reverse the LIFO elements */
+extern void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *);
+
+#endif /* PRIO_QUEUE_H */
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3971f49..10652b1 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 #define TP_IDX_MAX      8
 
@@ -112,34 +113,14 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+static void throughput_string(struct strbuf *buf, off_t total,
 			      unsigned int rate)
 {
-	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
-	if (total > 1 << 30) {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
-			      (int)(total >> 30),
-			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
-		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
-			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
-			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
-	}
-
-	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
-			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else if (rate)
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, total);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, " | ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, rate * 1024);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, "/s");
 }
 
 void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
@@ -183,6 +164,7 @@
 	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
 
 	if (misecs > 512) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		unsigned int count, rate;
 
 		count = total - tp->prev_total;
@@ -197,7 +179,9 @@
 		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
 		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
 
-		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
+		throughput_string(&buf, total, rate);
+		strncpy(tp->display, buf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
 			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
 	}
@@ -253,9 +237,12 @@
 
 		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
 		if (tp) {
+			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
 					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			throughput_string(&strbuf, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			strncpy(tp->display, strbuf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+			strbuf_release(&strbuf);
 		}
 		progress_update = 1;
 		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
diff --git a/prompt.c b/prompt.c
index d851807..d7bb17c 100644
--- a/prompt.c
+++ b/prompt.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 	if (start_command(&pass))
 		return NULL;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&buffer);
 	if (strbuf_read(&buffer, pass.out, 20) < 0)
 		err = 1;
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
 
 	strbuf_setlen(&buffer, strcspn(buffer.buf, "\r\n"));
 
-	return strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
+	return buffer.buf;
 }
 
 char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags)
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
index 911229f..45e3db1 100644
--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -42,23 +42,6 @@
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
-{
-	char c;
-
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-	while ((c = *src++)) {
-		if (need_bs_quote(c)) {
-			fputs("'\\", stream);
-			fputc(c, stream);
-			fputc('\'', stream);
-		} else {
-			fputc(c, stream);
-		}
-	}
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-}
-
 void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *dst, const char** argv, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -312,82 +295,27 @@
 	fputc(terminator, fp);
 }
 
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len);
-
-void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-				const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 				FILE *fp, int terminator)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	name = path_relative(name, len, &sb, prefix, prefix_len);
+	name = relative_path(name, prefix, &sb);
 	write_name_quoted(name, fp, terminator);
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-/*
- * Give path as relative to prefix.
- *
- * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
- * returned path.
- */
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len)
-{
-	int off, i;
-
-	if (len < 0)
-		len = strlen(in);
-	if (prefix_len < 0) {
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-		else
-			prefix_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	off = 0;
-	i = 0;
-	while (i < prefix_len && i < len && prefix[i] == in[i]) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			off = i + 1;
-		i++;
-	}
-	in += off;
-	len -= off;
-
-	if (i >= prefix_len)
-		return in;
-
-	strbuf_reset(sb);
-	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
-
-	while (i < prefix_len) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
-		i++;
-	}
-	strbuf_add(sb, in, len);
-
-	return sb->buf;
-}
-
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix)
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *rel = path_relative(in, len, &sb, prefix, -1);
+	const char *rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
 	strbuf_reset(out);
 	quote_c_style_counted(rel, strlen(rel), out, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	if (!out->len)
-		strbuf_addstr(out, "./");
-
 	return out->buf;
 }
 
@@ -463,72 +391,72 @@
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
 
-void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	const char nl = '\n';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == nl) {
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-			fputc('n', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, 'n');
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	char c;
 
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		switch (c) {
 		case '[': case ']':
 		case '{': case '}':
 		case '$': case '\\': case '"':
-			fputc('\\', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '\\');
 		default:
-			fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 			break;
 		case '\f':
-			fputs("\\f", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\f");
 			break;
 		case '\r':
-			fputs("\\r", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\r");
 			break;
 		case '\n':
-			fputs("\\n", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\n");
 			break;
 		case '\t':
-			fputs("\\t", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\t");
 			break;
 		case '\v':
-			fputs("\\v", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\v");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 }
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
index 133155a..71dcc3a 100644
--- a/quote.h
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
  * excluding the final null regardless of the buffer size.
  */
 
-extern void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-
 extern void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *, const char *src);
 extern void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *, const char **argv, size_t maxlen);
 
@@ -60,17 +58,16 @@
 extern void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
 extern void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
                                  const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-		const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 		FILE *fp, int terminator);
 
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix);
+extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out);
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
-extern void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index bf79706..654a8c5 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@
 		else
 			process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void process_tag(struct tag *tag, struct object_array *p,
@@ -152,11 +151,9 @@
 
 static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, path);
 	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
 
-	if (!object)
-		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index fda78bc..33dd676 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 {
 	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
 
-	remove_name_hash(old);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, old);
 	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 }
@@ -67,6 +67,61 @@
 	add_index_entry(istate, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
+void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	sd->sd_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
+	sd->sd_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
+	sd->sd_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_dev = st->st_dev;
+	sd->sd_ino = st->st_ino;
+	sd->sd_uid = st->st_uid;
+	sd->sd_gid = st->st_gid;
+	sd->sd_size = st->st_size;
+}
+
+int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (sd->sd_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (check_stat) {
+		if (sd->sd_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+			sd->sd_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+			changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+		if (sd->sd_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_STDEV
+	/*
+	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
+	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
+	 * the filesystem is on
+	 */
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (sd->sd_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
+		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
 /*
  * This only updates the "non-critical" parts of the directory
  * cache, ie the parts that aren't tracked by GIT, and only used
@@ -74,15 +129,7 @@
  */
 void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_dev = st->st_dev;
-	ce->ce_ino = st->st_ino;
-	ce->ce_uid = st->st_uid;
-	ce->ce_gid = st->st_gid;
-	ce->ce_size = st->st_size;
+	fill_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -91,7 +138,7 @@
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_compare_data(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	int fd = open(ce->name, O_RDONLY);
@@ -105,7 +152,7 @@
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
+static int ce_compare_link(const struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	void *buffer;
@@ -126,7 +173,7 @@
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_compare_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
@@ -143,7 +190,7 @@
 	return hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
 }
 
-static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_modified_check_fs(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFREG:
@@ -163,7 +210,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_match_stat_basic(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	unsigned int changed = 0;
 
@@ -195,39 +242,11 @@
 	default:
 		die("internal error: ce_mode is %o", ce->ce_mode);
 	}
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
-	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
-		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
-	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-
-#ifdef USE_STDEV
-	/*
-	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
-	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
-	 * the filesystem is on
-	 */
-	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
-		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+	changed |= match_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	/* Racily smudged entry? */
-	if (!ce->ce_size) {
+	if (!ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size) {
 		if (!is_empty_blob_sha1(ce->sha1))
 			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
 	}
@@ -235,23 +254,24 @@
 	return changed;
 }
 
-static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 		istate->timestamp.sec &&
 #ifdef USE_NSEC
 		 /* nanosecond timestamped files can also be racy! */
-		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_mtime.sec ||
-		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_mtime.sec &&
-		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_mtime.nsec))
+		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec ||
+		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec &&
+		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec))
 #else
-		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_mtime.sec
+		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec
 #endif
 		 );
 }
 
 int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
-		  struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+		  const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 		  unsigned int options)
 {
 	unsigned int changed;
@@ -307,7 +327,8 @@
 }
 
 int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
-		struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
+		const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
 {
 	int changed, changed_fs;
 
@@ -336,7 +357,7 @@
 	 * then we know it is.
 	 */
 	if ((changed & DATA_CHANGED) &&
-	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_size != 0))
+	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size != 0))
 		return changed;
 
 	changed_fs = ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
@@ -456,7 +477,7 @@
 	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
 
 	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
-	remove_name_hash(ce);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, ce);
 	istate->cache_changed = 1;
 	istate->cache_nr--;
 	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
@@ -468,7 +489,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Remove all cache ententries marked for removal, that is where
+ * Remove all cache entries marked for removal, that is where
  * CE_REMOVE is set in ce_flags.  This is much more effective than
  * calling remove_index_entry_at() for each entry to be removed.
  */
@@ -479,7 +500,7 @@
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+			remove_name_hash(istate, ce_array[i]);
 		else
 			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
 	}
@@ -622,7 +643,7 @@
 			if (*ptr == '/') {
 				struct cache_entry *foundce;
 				++ptr;
-				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
+				foundce = index_dir_exists(istate, ce->name, ptr - ce->name - 1);
 				if (foundce) {
 					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
 					startPtr = ptr;
@@ -631,7 +652,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	alias = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
+	alias = index_file_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
 	if (alias && !ce_stage(alias) && !ie_match_stat(istate, alias, st, ce_option)) {
 		/* Nothing changed, really */
 		free(ce);
@@ -701,7 +722,7 @@
 	return ce;
 }
 
-int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	int len = ce_namelen(a);
 	return ce_namelen(b) == len && !memcmp(a->name, b->name, len);
@@ -975,7 +996,7 @@
 	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
 		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
 		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
-					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	}
 
 	/* Add it in.. */
@@ -1093,7 +1114,8 @@
 	printf(fmt, name);
 }
 
-int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec,
+int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags,
+		  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		  char *seen, const char *header_msg)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1128,7 +1150,7 @@
 			continue;
 
 		if (pathspec &&
-		    !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		    !match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
 			filtered = 1;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -1208,14 +1230,14 @@
 struct ondisk_cache_entry {
 	struct cache_time ctime;
 	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
+	uint16_t flags;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -1227,15 +1249,15 @@
 struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
 	struct cache_time ctime;
 	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	unsigned short flags2;
+	uint16_t flags;
+	uint16_t flags2;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
@@ -1256,7 +1278,7 @@
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
 		return error("bad signature");
 	hdr_version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
-	if (hdr_version < 2 || 4 < hdr_version)
+	if (hdr_version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < hdr_version)
 		return error("bad index version %d", hdr_version);
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
@@ -1318,16 +1340,16 @@
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
 
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.sec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.sec);
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_dev   = ntoh_l(ondisk->dev);
-	ce->ce_ino   = ntoh_l(ondisk->ino);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec = ntoh_l(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev   = ntoh_l(ondisk->dev);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino   = ntoh_l(ondisk->ino);
 	ce->ce_mode  = ntoh_l(ondisk->mode);
-	ce->ce_uid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->uid);
-	ce->ce_gid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->gid);
-	ce->ce_size  = ntoh_l(ondisk->size);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->uid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid   = ntoh_l(ondisk->gid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size  = ntoh_l(ondisk->size);
 	ce->ce_flags = flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
 	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
@@ -1445,7 +1467,7 @@
 	istate->version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
 	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
 	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
-	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	istate->initialized = 1;
 
 	if (istate->version == 4)
@@ -1511,12 +1533,12 @@
 	istate->cache_changed = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
-	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
-	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_name_hash(istate);
 	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
 	istate->initialized = 0;
-
-	/* no need to throw away allocated active_cache */
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1605,7 +1627,7 @@
 	 * The only thing we care about in this function is to smudge the
 	 * falsely clean entry due to touch-update-touch race, so we leave
 	 * everything else as they are.  We are called for entries whose
-	 * ce_mtime match the index file mtime.
+	 * ce_stat_data.sd_mtime match the index file mtime.
 	 *
 	 * Note that this actually does not do much for gitlinks, for
 	 * which ce_match_stat_basic() always goes to the actual
@@ -1644,7 +1666,7 @@
 		 * file, and never calls us, so the cached size information
 		 * for "frotz" stays 6 which does not match the filesystem.
 		 */
-		ce->ce_size = 0;
+		ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size = 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1654,16 +1676,16 @@
 {
 	short flags;
 
-	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
-	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
-	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_dev);
-	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_ino);
+	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec);
+	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec);
+	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec);
+	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec);
+	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev);
+	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino);
 	ondisk->mode = htonl(ce->ce_mode);
-	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_uid);
-	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
-	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
+	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid);
+	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid);
+	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size);
 	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
 
 	flags = ce->ce_flags;
@@ -1739,7 +1761,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Opportunisticly update the index but do not complain if we can't
+ * Opportunistically update the index but do not complain if we can't
  */
 void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lockfile)
 {
@@ -1796,8 +1818,17 @@
 			continue;
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
 			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
-		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1))
-			return error("cache entry has null sha1: %s", ce->name);
+		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1)) {
+			static const char msg[] = "cache entry has null sha1: %s";
+			static int allow = -1;
+
+			if (allow < 0)
+				allow = git_env_bool("GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1", 0);
+			if (allow)
+				warning(msg, ce->name);
+			else
+				return error(msg, ce->name);
+		}
 		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce, previous_name) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -1896,3 +1927,67 @@
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
+
+void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (size)
+		*size = sz;
+	return data;
+}
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv)
+{
+	free(sv->sd);
+	sv->sd = NULL;
+}
+
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return sv->sd == NULL;
+	if (!sv->sd)
+		return 0;
+	return S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !match_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+}
+
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		stat_validity_clear(sv);
+	else {
+		if (!sv->sd)
+			sv->sd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stat_data));
+		fill_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 520e50f..5e5a382 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 /*
  * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@
 {
 	int component_len, component_count = 0;
 
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "@"))
+		/* Refname is a single character '@'. */
+		return -1;
+
 	while (1) {
 		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
 		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
@@ -108,7 +113,20 @@
  * (ref_entry->flag & REF_DIR) is zero.
  */
 struct ref_value {
+	/*
+	 * The name of the object to which this reference resolves
+	 * (which may be a tag object).  If REF_ISBROKEN, this is
+	 * null.  If REF_ISSYMREF, then this is the name of the object
+	 * referred to by the last reference in the symlink chain.
+	 */
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * If REF_KNOWS_PEELED, then this field holds the peeled value
+	 * of this reference, or null if the reference is known not to
+	 * be peelable.  See the documentation for peel_ref() for an
+	 * exact definition of "peelable".
+	 */
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 };
 
@@ -157,7 +175,17 @@
 	struct ref_entry **entries;
 };
 
-/* ISSYMREF=0x01, ISPACKED=0x02, and ISBROKEN=0x04 are public interfaces */
+/*
+ * Bit values for ref_entry::flag.  REF_ISSYMREF=0x01,
+ * REF_ISPACKED=0x02, and REF_ISBROKEN=0x04 are public values; see
+ * refs.h.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The field ref_entry->u.value.peeled of this value entry contains
+ * the correct peeled value for the reference, which might be
+ * null_sha1 if the reference is not a tag or if it is broken.
+ */
 #define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x08
 
 /* ref_entry represents a directory of references */
@@ -333,29 +361,26 @@
 
 static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
 {
-	struct string_slice *key = (struct string_slice *)key_;
-	struct ref_entry *ent = *(struct ref_entry **)ent_;
-	int entlen = strlen(ent->name);
-	int cmplen = key->len < entlen ? key->len : entlen;
-	int cmp = memcmp(key->str, ent->name, cmplen);
+	const struct string_slice *key = key_;
+	const struct ref_entry *ent = *(const struct ref_entry * const *)ent_;
+	int cmp = strncmp(key->str, ent->name, key->len);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
-	return key->len - entlen;
+	return '\0' - (unsigned char)ent->name[key->len];
 }
 
 /*
- * Return the entry with the given refname from the ref_dir
- * (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return NULL if no
- * such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
+ * Return the index of the entry with the given refname from the
+ * ref_dir (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return -1 if
+ * no such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
  */
-static struct ref_entry *search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
-					const char *refname, size_t len)
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len)
 {
 	struct ref_entry **r;
 	struct string_slice key;
 
 	if (refname == NULL || !dir->nr)
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 
 	sort_ref_dir(dir);
 	key.len = len;
@@ -364,9 +389,9 @@
 		    ref_entry_cmp_sslice);
 
 	if (r == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 
-	return *r;
+	return r - dir->entries;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -380,8 +405,9 @@
 					 const char *subdirname, size_t len,
 					 int mkdir)
 {
-	struct ref_entry *entry = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
-	if (!entry) {
+	int entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	if (entry_index == -1) {
 		if (!mkdir)
 			return NULL;
 		/*
@@ -392,6 +418,8 @@
 		 */
 		entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache, subdirname, len, 0);
 		add_entry_to_dir(dir, entry);
+	} else {
+		entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
 	}
 	return get_ref_dir(entry);
 }
@@ -430,12 +458,67 @@
  */
 static struct ref_entry *find_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
 {
+	int entry_index;
 	struct ref_entry *entry;
 	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
 	if (!dir)
 		return NULL;
-	entry = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
-	return (entry && !(entry->flag & REF_DIR)) ? entry : NULL;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return NULL;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	return (entry->flag & REF_DIR) ? NULL : entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the entry with the given name from dir, recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  If refname is the name of a directory
+ * (i.e., ends with '/'), then remove the directory and its contents.
+ * If the removal was successful, return the number of entries
+ * remaining in the directory entry that contained the deleted entry.
+ * If the name was not found, return -1.  Please note that this
+ * function only deletes the entry from the cache; it does not delete
+ * it from the filesystem or ensure that other cache entries (which
+ * might be symbolic references to the removed entry) are updated.
+ * Nor does it remove any containing dir entries that might be made
+ * empty by the removal.  dir must represent the top-level directory
+ * and must already be complete.
+ */
+static int remove_entry(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int refname_len = strlen(refname);
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	int is_dir = refname[refname_len - 1] == '/';
+	if (is_dir) {
+		/*
+		 * refname represents a reference directory.  Remove
+		 * the trailing slash; otherwise we will get the
+		 * directory *representing* refname rather than the
+		 * one *containing* it.
+		 */
+		char *dirname = xmemdupz(refname, refname_len - 1);
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, dirname, 0);
+		free(dirname);
+	} else {
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	}
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, refname_len);
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return -1;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+
+	memmove(&dir->entries[entry_index],
+		&dir->entries[entry_index + 1],
+		(dir->nr - entry_index - 1) * sizeof(*dir->entries)
+		);
+	dir->nr--;
+	if (dir->sorted > entry_index)
+		dir->sorted--;
+	free_ref_entry(entry);
+	return dir->nr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -504,28 +587,69 @@
 	dir->sorted = dir->nr = i;
 }
 
-#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
+/* Include broken references in a do_for_each_ref*() iteration: */
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x01
 
+/*
+ * Return true iff the reference described by entry can be resolved to
+ * an object in the database.  Emit a warning if the referred-to
+ * object does not exist.
+ */
+static int ref_resolves_to_object(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return 0;
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_ref is a performance hack: when iterating over references
+ * using the for_each_ref*() functions, current_ref is set to the
+ * current reference's entry before calling the callback function.  If
+ * the callback function calls peel_ref(), then peel_ref() first
+ * checks whether the reference to be peeled is the current reference
+ * (it usually is) and if so, returns that reference's peeled version
+ * if it is available.  This avoids a refname lookup in a common case.
+ */
 static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
 
-static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-		      int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_entry *entry)
+typedef int each_ref_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data);
+
+struct ref_entry_cb {
+	const char *base;
+	int trim;
+	int flags;
+	each_ref_fn *fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Handle one reference in a do_for_each_ref*()-style iteration,
+ * calling an each_ref_fn for each entry.
+ */
+static int do_one_ref(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
+	struct ref_entry_cb *data = cb_data;
+	struct ref_entry *old_current_ref;
 	int retval;
-	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, base))
+
+	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, data->base))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
-		if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
-			return 0; /* ignore broken refs e.g. dangling symref */
-		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
-			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
+	if (!(data->flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN) &&
+	      !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Store the old value, in case this is a recursive call: */
+	old_current_ref = current_ref;
 	current_ref = entry;
-	retval = fn(entry->name + trim, entry->u.value.sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
-	current_ref = NULL;
+	retval = data->fn(entry->name + data->trim, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			  entry->flag, data->cb_data);
+	current_ref = old_current_ref;
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -533,11 +657,11 @@
  * Call fn for each reference in dir that has index in the range
  * offset <= index < dir->nr.  Recurse into subdirectories that are in
  * that index range, sorting them before iterating.  This function
- * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.
+ * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.  fn is
+ * called for all references, including broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
-				  const char *base,
-				  each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
+				    each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(dir->sorted == dir->nr);
@@ -547,10 +671,9 @@
 		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
 			struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(entry);
 			sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-			retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(subdir, 0,
-							base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 		} else {
-			retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
+			retval = fn(entry, cb_data);
 		}
 		if (retval)
 			return retval;
@@ -563,12 +686,12 @@
  * by refname.  Recurse into subdirectories.  If a value entry appears
  * in both dir1 and dir2, then only process the version that is in
  * dir2.  The input dirs must already be sorted, but subdirs will be
- * sorted as needed.
+ * sorted as needed.  fn is called for all references, including
+ * broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
-				   struct ref_dir *dir2,
-				   const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-				   int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
+				     struct ref_dir *dir2,
+				     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int retval;
 	int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
@@ -579,12 +702,10 @@
 		struct ref_entry *e1, *e2;
 		int cmp;
 		if (i1 == dir1->nr) {
-			return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-						      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir2, i2, fn, cb_data);
 		}
 		if (i2 == dir2->nr) {
-			return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-						      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir1, i1, fn, cb_data);
 		}
 		e1 = dir1->entries[i1];
 		e2 = dir2->entries[i2];
@@ -596,14 +717,13 @@
 				struct ref_dir *subdir2 = get_ref_dir(e2);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir1);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir2);
-				retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-						subdir1, subdir2,
-						base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+						subdir1, subdir2, fn, cb_data);
 				i1++;
 				i2++;
 			} else if (!(e1->flag & REF_DIR) && !(e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
 				/* Both are references; ignore the one from dir1. */
-				retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e2);
+				retval = fn(e2, cb_data);
 				i1++;
 				i2++;
 			} else {
@@ -622,26 +742,33 @@
 			if (e->flag & REF_DIR) {
 				struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(e);
 				sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-				retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-						subdir, 0,
-						base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+						subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 			} else {
-				retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e);
+				retval = fn(e, cb_data);
 			}
 		}
 		if (retval)
 			return retval;
 	}
-	if (i1 < dir1->nr)
-		return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-					      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-	if (i2 < dir2->nr)
-		return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-					      base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
+ * Load all of the refs from the dir into our in-memory cache. The hard work
+ * of loading loose refs is done by get_ref_dir(), so we just need to recurse
+ * through all of the sub-directories. We do not even need to care about
+ * sorting, as traversal order does not matter to us.
+ */
+static void prime_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR)
+			prime_ref_dir(get_ref_dir(entry));
+	}
+}
+/*
  * Return true iff refname1 and refname2 conflict with each other.
  * Two reference names conflict if one of them exactly matches the
  * leading components of the other; e.g., "foo/bar" conflicts with
@@ -662,14 +789,13 @@
 	const char *conflicting_refname;
 };
 
-static int name_conflict_fn(const char *existingrefname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			    int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int name_conflict_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct name_conflict_cb *data = (struct name_conflict_cb *)cb_data;
-	if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, existingrefname))
+	if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, entry->name))
 		return 0;
-	if (names_conflict(data->refname, existingrefname)) {
-		data->conflicting_refname = existingrefname;
+	if (names_conflict(data->refname, entry->name)) {
+		data->conflicting_refname = entry->name;
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -677,7 +803,7 @@
 
 /*
  * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
- * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in array.  If
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in dir.  If
  * oldrefname is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with oldrefname
  * (e.g., because oldrefname is scheduled for deletion in the same
  * operation).
@@ -691,9 +817,7 @@
 	data.conflicting_refname = NULL;
 
 	sort_ref_dir(dir);
-	if (do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir, 0, "", name_conflict_fn,
-				   0, DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN,
-				   &data)) {
+	if (do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir, 0, name_conflict_fn, &data)) {
 		error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
 		      data.conflicting_refname, refname);
 		return 0;
@@ -701,6 +825,30 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+struct packed_ref_cache {
+	struct ref_entry *root;
+
+	/*
+	 * Count of references to the data structure in this instance,
+	 * including the pointer from ref_cache::packed if any.  The
+	 * data will not be freed as long as the reference count is
+	 * nonzero.
+	 */
+	unsigned int referrers;
+
+	/*
+	 * Iff the packed-refs file associated with this instance is
+	 * currently locked for writing, this points at the associated
+	 * lock (which is owned by somebody else).  The referrer count
+	 * is also incremented when the file is locked and decremented
+	 * when it is unlocked.
+	 */
+	struct lock_file *lock;
+
+	/* The metadata from when this packed-refs cache was read */
+	struct stat_validity validity;
+};
+
 /*
  * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
  * when doing a full libification.
@@ -708,16 +856,51 @@
 static struct ref_cache {
 	struct ref_cache *next;
 	struct ref_entry *loose;
-	struct ref_entry *packed;
-	/* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-} *ref_cache;
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed;
+	/*
+	 * The submodule name, or "" for the main repo.  We allocate
+	 * length 1 rather than FLEX_ARRAY so that the main ref_cache
+	 * is initialized correctly.
+	 */
+	char name[1];
+} ref_cache, *submodule_ref_caches;
+
+/* Lock used for the main packed-refs file: */
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+/*
+ * Increment the reference count of *packed_refs.
+ */
+static void acquire_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	packed_refs->referrers++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the reference count of *packed_refs.  If it goes to zero,
+ * free *packed_refs and return true; otherwise return false.
+ */
+static int release_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	if (!--packed_refs->referrers) {
+		free_ref_entry(packed_refs->root);
+		stat_validity_clear(&packed_refs->validity);
+		free(packed_refs);
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
 
 static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
 	if (refs->packed) {
-		free_ref_entry(refs->packed);
+		struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs = refs->packed;
+
+		if (packed_refs->lock)
+			die("internal error: packed-ref cache cleared while locked");
 		refs->packed = NULL;
+		release_packed_ref_cache(packed_refs);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -749,27 +932,30 @@
  */
 static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = ref_cache;
-	if (!submodule)
-		submodule = "";
-	while (refs) {
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	if (!submodule || !*submodule)
+		return &ref_cache;
+
+	for (refs = submodule_ref_caches; refs; refs = refs->next)
 		if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
 			return refs;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
 
 	refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
-	refs->next = ref_cache;
-	ref_cache = refs;
+	refs->next = submodule_ref_caches;
+	submodule_ref_caches = refs;
 	return refs;
 }
 
-void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
-{
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(refs);
-}
+/* The length of a peeled reference line in packed-refs, including EOL: */
+#define PEELED_LINE_LENGTH 42
+
+/*
+ * The packed-refs header line that we write out.  Perhaps other
+ * traits will be added later.  The trailing space is required.
+ */
+static const char PACKED_REFS_HEADER[] =
+	"# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n";
 
 /*
  * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
@@ -804,11 +990,38 @@
 	return line;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read f, which is a packed-refs file, into dir.
+ *
+ * A comment line of the form "# pack-refs with: " may contain zero or
+ * more traits. We interpret the traits as follows:
+ *
+ *   No traits:
+ *
+ *      Probably no references are peeled. But if the file contains a
+ *      peeled value for a reference, we will use it.
+ *
+ *   peeled:
+ *
+ *      References under "refs/tags/", if they *can* be peeled, *are*
+ *      peeled in this file. References outside of "refs/tags/" are
+ *      probably not peeled even if they could have been, but if we find
+ *      a peeled value for such a reference we will use it.
+ *
+ *   fully-peeled:
+ *
+ *      All references in the file that can be peeled are peeled.
+ *      Inversely (and this is more important), any references in the
+ *      file for which no peeled value is recorded is not peelable. This
+ *      trait should typically be written alongside "peeled" for
+ *      compatibility with older clients, but we do not require it
+ *      (i.e., "peeled" is a no-op if "fully-peeled" is set).
+ */
 static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
 	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
 	char refline[PATH_MAX];
-	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+	enum { PEELED_NONE, PEELED_TAGS, PEELED_FULLY } peeled = PEELED_NONE;
 
 	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -817,51 +1030,91 @@
 
 		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
 			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
-			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
-				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			if (strstr(traits, " fully-peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_FULLY;
+			else if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_TAGS;
 			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		refname = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
 		if (refname) {
-			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1);
+			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1);
+			if (peeled == PEELED_FULLY ||
+			    (peeled == PEELED_TAGS && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/")))
+				last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
 			add_ref(dir, last);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (last &&
 		    refline[0] == '^' &&
-		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
-		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
-		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
+		    strlen(refline) == PEELED_LINE_LENGTH &&
+		    refline[PEELED_LINE_LENGTH - 1] == '\n' &&
+		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1)) {
 			hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled, sha1);
+			/*
+			 * Regardless of what the file header said,
+			 * we definitely know the value of *this*
+			 * reference:
+			 */
+			last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Get the packed_ref_cache for the specified ref_cache, creating it
+ * if necessary.
+ */
+static struct packed_ref_cache *get_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	const char *packed_refs_file;
+
+	if (*refs->name)
+		packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
+	else
+		packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+
+	if (refs->packed &&
+	    !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed->validity, packed_refs_file))
+		clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+
+	if (!refs->packed) {
+		FILE *f;
+
+		refs->packed = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*refs->packed));
+		acquire_packed_ref_cache(refs->packed);
+		refs->packed->root = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
+		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
+		if (f) {
+			stat_validity_update(&refs->packed->validity, fileno(f));
+			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed->root));
+			fclose(f);
+		}
+	}
+	return refs->packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_ref_dir(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache)
+{
+	return get_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache->root);
+}
+
 static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
-	if (!refs->packed) {
-		const char *packed_refs_file;
-		FILE *f;
-
-		refs->packed = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
-		if (*refs->name)
-			packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
-		else
-			packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
-		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
-		if (f) {
-			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed));
-			fclose(f);
-		}
-	}
-	return get_ref_dir(refs->packed);
+	return get_packed_ref_dir(get_packed_ref_cache(refs));
 }
 
 void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	add_ref(get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)),
-			create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed refs not locked");
+	add_ref(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+		create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1031,18 +1284,43 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Try to read ref from the packed references.  On success, set sha1
- * and return 0; otherwise, return -1.
+ * Return the ref_entry for the given refname from the packed
+ * references.  If it does not exist, return NULL.
  */
-static int get_packed_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+static struct ref_entry *get_packed_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	struct ref_entry *entry = find_ref(packed, refname);
+	return find_ref(get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A loose ref file doesn't exist; check for a packed ref.  The
+ * options are forwarded from resolve_safe_unsafe().
+ */
+static const char *handle_missing_loose_ref(const char *refname,
+					    unsigned char *sha1,
+					    int reading,
+					    int *flag)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * The loose reference file does not exist; check for a packed
+	 * reference.
+	 */
+	entry = get_packed_ref(refname);
 	if (entry) {
 		hashcpy(sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
-		return 0;
+		if (flag)
+			*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
+		return refname;
 	}
-	return -1;
+	/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
+	if (reading) {
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		hashclr(sha1);
+		return refname;
+	}
 }
 
 const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1069,32 +1347,34 @@
 
 		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", refname);
 
+		/*
+		 * We might have to loop back here to avoid a race
+		 * condition: first we lstat() the file, then we try
+		 * to read it as a link or as a file.  But if somebody
+		 * changes the type of the file (file <-> directory
+		 * <-> symlink) between the lstat() and reading, then
+		 * we don't want to report that as an error but rather
+		 * try again starting with the lstat().
+		 */
+	stat_ref:
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				return handle_missing_loose_ref(refname, sha1,
+								reading, flag);
+			else
 				return NULL;
-			/*
-			 * The loose reference file does not exist;
-			 * check for a packed reference.
-			 */
-			if (!get_packed_ref(refname, sha1)) {
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
-				return refname;
-			}
-			/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
-			if (reading) {
-				return NULL;
-			} else {
-				hashclr(sha1);
-				return refname;
-			}
 		}
 
 		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
 		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-			if (len < 0)
-				return NULL;
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
+					/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+					goto stat_ref;
+				else
+					return NULL;
+			}
 			buffer[len] = 0;
 			if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "refs/") &&
 					!check_refname_format(buffer, 0)) {
@@ -1117,8 +1397,13 @@
 		 * a ref
 		 */
 		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-		if (fd < 0)
-			return NULL;
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+				goto stat_ref;
+			else
+				return NULL;
+		}
 		len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
 		close(fd);
 		if (len < 0)
@@ -1130,8 +1415,19 @@
 		/*
 		 * Is it a symbolic ref?
 		 */
-		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:"))
-			break;
+		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:")) {
+			/*
+			 * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second
+			 * line containing other data.
+			 */
+			if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) ||
+			    (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
+				if (flag)
+					*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			return refname;
+		}
 		if (flag)
 			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
 		buf = buffer + 4;
@@ -1144,13 +1440,6 @@
 		}
 		refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
 	}
-	/* Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second line containing other data. */
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return refname;
 }
 
 char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1193,45 +1482,130 @@
 	return filter->fn(refname, sha1, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
+enum peel_status {
+	/* object was peeled successfully: */
+	PEEL_PEELED = 0,
+
+	/*
+	 * object cannot be peeled because the named object (or an
+	 * object referred to by a tag in the peel chain), does not
+	 * exist.
+	 */
+	PEEL_INVALID = -1,
+
+	/* object cannot be peeled because it is not a tag: */
+	PEEL_NON_TAG = -2,
+
+	/* ref_entry contains no peeled value because it is a symref: */
+	PEEL_IS_SYMREF = -3,
+
+	/*
+	 * ref_entry cannot be peeled because it is broken (i.e., the
+	 * symbolic reference cannot even be resolved to an object
+	 * name):
+	 */
+	PEEL_BROKEN = -4
+};
+
+/*
+ * Peel the named object; i.e., if the object is a tag, resolve the
+ * tag recursively until a non-tag is found.  If successful, store the
+ * result to sha1 and return PEEL_PEELED.  If the object is not a tag
+ * or is not valid, return PEEL_NON_TAG or PEEL_INVALID, respectively,
+ * and leave sha1 unchanged.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(name);
+
+	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		int type = sha1_object_info(name, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			return PEEL_INVALID;
+		o->type = type;
+	}
+
+	if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return PEEL_NON_TAG;
+
+	o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
+	if (!o)
+		return PEEL_INVALID;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	return PEEL_PEELED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Peel the entry (if possible) and return its new peel_status.  If
+ * repeel is true, re-peel the entry even if there is an old peeled
+ * value that is already stored in it.
+ *
+ * It is OK to call this function with a packed reference entry that
+ * might be stale and might even refer to an object that has since
+ * been garbage-collected.  In such a case, if the entry has
+ * REF_KNOWS_PEELED then leave the status unchanged and return
+ * PEEL_PEELED or PEEL_NON_TAG; otherwise, return PEEL_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_entry(struct ref_entry *entry, int repeel)
+{
+	enum peel_status status;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+		if (repeel) {
+			entry->flag &= ~REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			hashclr(entry->u.value.peeled);
+		} else {
+			return is_null_sha1(entry->u.value.peeled) ?
+				PEEL_NON_TAG : PEEL_PEELED;
+		}
+	}
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return PEEL_BROKEN;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return PEEL_IS_SYMREF;
+
+	status = peel_object(entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.peeled);
+	if (status == PEEL_PEELED || status == PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		entry->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+	return status;
+}
+
 int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int flag;
 	unsigned char base[20];
-	struct object *o;
 
 	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
-		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
-		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		hashcpy(base, current_ref->u.value.sha1);
-		goto fallback;
+			    || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
+		if (peel_entry(current_ref, 0))
+			return -1;
+		hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (read_ref_full(refname, base, 1, &flag))
 		return -1;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-		struct ref_dir *dir = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-		struct ref_entry *r = find_ref(dir, refname);
-
-		if (r != NULL && r->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+	/*
+	 * If the reference is packed, read its ref_entry from the
+	 * cache in the hope that we already know its peeled value.
+	 * We only try this optimization on packed references because
+	 * (a) forcing the filling of the loose reference cache could
+	 * be expensive and (b) loose references anyway usually do not
+	 * have REF_KNOWS_PEELED.
+	 */
+	if (flag & REF_ISPACKED) {
+		struct ref_entry *r = get_packed_ref(refname);
+		if (r) {
+			if (peel_entry(r, 0))
+				return -1;
 			hashcpy(sha1, r->u.value.peeled);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
 
-fallback:
-	o = parse_object(base);
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
-		if (o) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return -1;
+	return peel_object(base, sha1);
 }
 
 struct warn_if_dangling_data {
@@ -1269,40 +1643,84 @@
 	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
-			   int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache, omitting
+ * references not in the containing_dir of base.  fn is called for all
+ * references, including broken ones.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	struct ref_dir *packed_dir = get_packed_refs(refs);
-	struct ref_dir *loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+	struct ref_dir *loose_dir;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_dir;
 	int retval = 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * We must make sure that all loose refs are read before accessing the
+	 * packed-refs file; this avoids a race condition in which loose refs
+	 * are migrated to the packed-refs file by a simultaneous process, but
+	 * our in-memory view is from before the migration. get_packed_ref_cache()
+	 * takes care of making sure our view is up to date with what is on
+	 * disk.
+	 */
+	loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
+	}
+	if (loose_dir)
+		prime_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	packed_dir = get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache);
 	if (base && *base) {
 		packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
-		loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
 	}
 
 	if (packed_dir && loose_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
 		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-				packed_dir, loose_dir,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+				packed_dir, loose_dir, fn, cb_data);
 	} else if (packed_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-				packed_dir, 0,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				packed_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 	} else if (loose_dir) {
 		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-		retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-				loose_dir, 0,
-				base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				loose_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 	}
 
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
 	return retval;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache for which the
+ * refname begins with base.  If trim is non-zero, then trim that many
+ * characters off the beginning of each refname before passing the
+ * refname to fn.  flags can be DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN to include
+ * broken references in the iteration.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_ref(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			   each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb data;
+	data.base = base;
+	data.trim = trim;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.fn = fn;
+	data.cb_data = cb_data;
+
+	return do_for_each_entry(refs, base, do_one_ref, &data);
+}
+
 static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -1333,23 +1751,23 @@
 
 int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
 		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1384,7 +1802,7 @@
 
 int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1407,7 +1825,7 @@
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
-	ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	ret = do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1449,7 +1867,7 @@
 
 int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0,
 			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -1530,7 +1948,7 @@
 static char *substitute_branch_name(const char **string, int *len)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, &buf);
+	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, *len, &buf);
 
 	if (ret == *len) {
 		size_t size;
@@ -1655,7 +2073,7 @@
 	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
 	 */
 	if (missing &&
-	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)))) {
+	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache))) {
 		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
 		goto error_return;
 	}
@@ -1700,72 +2118,375 @@
 }
 
 struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-					 const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags)
+					 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+					 int flags, int *type_p)
 {
 	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
 		return NULL;
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
+	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, type_p);
 }
 
-struct repack_without_ref_sb {
-	const char *refname;
-	int fd;
-};
-
-static int repack_without_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-				 int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Write an entry to the packed-refs file for the specified refname.
+ * If peeled is non-NULL, write it as the entry's peeled value.
+ */
+static void write_packed_entry(int fd, char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+			       unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-	struct repack_without_ref_sb *data = cb_data;
 	char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
 	int len;
 
-	if (!strcmp(data->refname, refname))
-		return 0;
 	len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
 	/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
 	if (len > sizeof(line))
 		die("too long a refname '%s'", refname);
-	write_or_die(data->fd, line, len);
+	write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+
+	if (peeled) {
+		if (snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "^%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(peeled)) != PEELED_LINE_LENGTH)
+			die("internal error");
+		write_or_die(fd, line, PEELED_LINE_LENGTH);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that writes the entry to a packed-refs file.
+ */
+static int write_packed_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *fd = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 0);
+
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		error("internal error: %s is not a valid packed reference!",
+		      entry->name);
+	write_packed_entry(*fd, entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			   peel_status == PEEL_PEELED ?
+			   entry->u.value.peeled : NULL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct lock_file packlock;
+int lock_packed_refs(int flags)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), flags) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/*
+	 * Get the current packed-refs while holding the lock.  If the
+	 * packed-refs file has been modified since we last read it,
+	 * this will automatically invalidate the cache and re-read
+	 * the packed-refs file.
+	 */
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = &packlock;
+	/* Increment the reference count to prevent it from being freed: */
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int commit_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	int error = 0;
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	write_or_die(packed_ref_cache->lock->fd,
+		     PACKED_REFS_HEADER, strlen(PACKED_REFS_HEADER));
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+				 0, write_packed_entry_fn,
+				 &packed_ref_cache->lock->fd);
+	if (commit_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock))
+		error = -1;
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return error;
+}
+
+void rollback_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	rollback_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	clear_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+}
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_refs;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that is run over loose references only.  If
+ * the loose reference can be packed, add an entry in the packed ref
+ * cache.  If the reference should be pruned, also add it to
+ * ref_to_prune in the pack_refs_cb_data.
+ */
+static int pack_if_possible_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status;
+	struct ref_entry *packed_entry;
+	int is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(entry->name, "refs/tags/");
+
+	/* ALWAYS pack tags */
+	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Do not pack symbolic or broken refs: */
+	if ((entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Add a packed ref cache entry equivalent to the loose entry. */
+	peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 1);
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		die("internal error peeling reference %s (%s)",
+		    entry->name, sha1_to_hex(entry->u.value.sha1));
+	packed_entry = find_ref(cb->packed_refs, entry->name);
+	if (packed_entry) {
+		/* Overwrite existing packed entry with info from loose entry */
+		packed_entry->flag = REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+	} else {
+		packed_entry = create_ref_entry(entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+						REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED, 0);
+		add_ref(cb->packed_refs, packed_entry);
+	}
+	hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.peeled, entry->u.value.peeled);
+
+	/* Schedule the loose reference for pruning if requested. */
+	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)) {
+		int namelen = strlen(entry->name) + 1;
+		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+		strcpy(n->name, entry->name);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
+ * Note: munges *name.
+ */
+static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
+{
+	char *p, *q;
+	int i;
+	p = name;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
+		while (*p && *p != '/')
+			p++;
+		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
+		while (*p == '/')
+			p++;
+	}
+	for (q = p; *q; q++)
+		;
+	while (1) {
+		while (q > p && *q != '/')
+			q--;
+		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
+			q--;
+		if (q == p)
+			break;
+		*q = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
+
+	if (lock) {
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	cbdata.packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), 0,
+				 pack_if_possible_fn, &cbdata);
+
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+
+	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If entry is no longer needed in packed-refs, add it to the string
+ * list pointed to by cb_data.  Reasons for deleting entries:
+ *
+ * - Entry is broken.
+ * - Entry is overridden by a loose ref.
+ * - Entry does not point at a valid object.
+ *
+ * In the first and third cases, also emit an error message because these
+ * are indications of repository corruption.
+ */
+static int curate_packed_ref_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct string_list *refs_to_delete = cb_data;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN) {
+		/* This shouldn't happen to packed refs. */
+		error("%s is broken!", entry->name);
+		string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		int flags;
+
+		if (read_ref_full(entry->name, sha1, 0, &flags))
+			/* We should at least have found the packed ref. */
+			die("Internal error");
+		if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) || !(flags & REF_ISPACKED)) {
+			/*
+			 * This packed reference is overridden by a
+			 * loose reference, so it is OK that its value
+			 * is no longer valid; for example, it might
+			 * refer to an object that has been garbage
+			 * collected.  For this purpose we don't even
+			 * care whether the loose reference itself is
+			 * invalid, broken, symbolic, etc.  Silently
+			 * remove the packed reference.
+			 */
+			string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * There is no overriding loose reference, so the fact
+		 * that this reference doesn't refer to a valid object
+		 * indicates some kind of repository corruption.
+		 * Report the problem, then omit the reference from
+		 * the output.
+		 */
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int repack_without_refs(const char **refnames, int n)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *packed;
+	struct string_list refs_to_delete = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *ref_to_delete;
+	int i, removed = 0;
+
+	/* Look for a packed ref */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (get_packed_ref(refnames[i]))
+			break;
+
+	/* Avoid locking if we have nothing to do */
+	if (i == n)
+		return 0; /* no refname exists in packed refs */
+
+	if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
+		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
+		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refnames[i]);
+	}
+	packed = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	/* Remove refnames from the cache */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (remove_entry(packed, refnames[i]) != -1)
+			removed = 1;
+	if (!removed) {
+		/*
+		 * All packed entries disappeared while we were
+		 * acquiring the lock.
+		 */
+		rollback_packed_refs();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Remove any other accumulated cruft */
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(packed, 0, curate_packed_ref_fn, &refs_to_delete);
+	for_each_string_list_item(ref_to_delete, &refs_to_delete) {
+		if (remove_entry(packed, ref_to_delete->string) == -1)
+			die("internal error");
+	}
+
+	/* Write what remains */
+	return commit_packed_refs();
+}
 
 static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-	struct repack_without_ref_sb data;
-	struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	if (find_ref(packed, refname) == NULL)
-		return 0;
-	data.refname = refname;
-	data.fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
-	if (data.fd < 0) {
-		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
-		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
+	return repack_without_refs(&refname, 1);
+}
+
+static int delete_ref_loose(struct ref_lock *lock, int flag)
+{
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		/* loose */
+		int err, i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
+		err = unlink_or_warn(lock->lk->filename);
+		lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
+			return 1;
 	}
-	do_for_each_ref_in_dir(packed, 0, "", repack_without_ref_fn, 0, 0, &data);
-	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
 {
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+	int ret = 0, flag = 0;
 
 	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, delopt, &flag);
 	if (!lock)
 		return 1;
-	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
-		/* loose */
-		i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
-		lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
-		err = unlink_or_warn(lock->lk->filename);
-		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
-			ret = 1;
+	ret |= delete_ref_loose(lock, flag);
 
-		lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
-	}
 	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
 	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
 	 * without it.
@@ -1773,7 +2494,7 @@
 	ret |= repack_without_ref(lock->ref_name);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
-	invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
 	unlock_ref(lock);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1795,7 +2516,6 @@
 	struct stat loginfo;
 	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
 	const char *symref = NULL;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
 
 	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
 		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
@@ -1807,10 +2527,10 @@
 	if (!symref)
 		return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(refs)))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache)))
 		return 1;
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(refs)))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(&ref_cache)))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
@@ -2066,7 +2786,7 @@
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(get_ref_cache(NULL));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
 	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
 	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
 	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
@@ -2282,59 +3002,117 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct strbuf *sb, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *logfile;
-	FILE *logfp;
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+	char *email_end, *message;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	int tz;
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
+	/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+	if (sb->len < 83 || sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf, osha1) || sb->buf[40] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf + 41, nsha1) || sb->buf[81] != ' ' ||
+	    !(email_end = strchr(sb->buf + 82, '>')) ||
+	    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+	    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+	    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+	    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+		return 0; /* corrupt? */
+	email_end[1] = '\0';
+	tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (message[6] != '\t')
+		message += 6;
+	else
+		message += 7;
+	return fn(osha1, nsha1, sb->buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+}
+
+static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
+{
+	while (bob < scan && *(--scan) != '\n')
+		; /* keep scanning backwards */
+	/*
+	 * Return either beginning of the buffer, or LF at the end of
+	 * the previous line.
+	 */
+	return scan;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	long pos;
+	int ret = 0, at_tail = 1;
+
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
 	if (!logfp)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (ofs) {
-		struct stat statbuf;
-		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
-		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
-		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
-		    strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-			fclose(logfp);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-			return -1;
+	/* Jump to the end */
+	if (fseek(logfp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+			     refname, strerror(errno));
+	pos = ftell(logfp);
+	while (!ret && 0 < pos) {
+		int cnt;
+		size_t nread;
+		char buf[BUFSIZ];
+		char *endp, *scanp;
+
+		/* Fill next block from the end */
+		cnt = (sizeof(buf) < pos) ? sizeof(buf) : pos;
+		if (fseek(logfp, pos - cnt, SEEK_SET))
+			return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+				     refname, strerror(errno));
+		nread = fread(buf, cnt, 1, logfp);
+		if (nread != 1)
+			return error("cannot read %d bytes from reflog for %s: %s",
+				     cnt, refname, strerror(errno));
+		pos -= cnt;
+
+		scanp = endp = buf + cnt;
+		if (at_tail && scanp[-1] == '\n')
+			/* Looking at the final LF at the end of the file */
+			scanp--;
+		at_tail = 0;
+
+		while (buf < scanp) {
+			/*
+			 * terminating LF of the previous line, or the beginning
+			 * of the buffer.
+			 */
+			char *bp;
+
+			bp = find_beginning_of_line(buf, scanp);
+
+			if (*bp != '\n') {
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				if (pos)
+					break; /* need to fill another block */
+				scanp = buf - 1; /* leave loop */
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * (bp + 1) thru endp is the beginning of the
+				 * current line we have in sb
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
+				scanp = bp;
+				endp = bp + 1;
+			}
+			ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+			strbuf_reset(&sb);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
 		}
-	}
 
-	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
-		char *email_end, *message;
-		unsigned long timestamp;
-		int tz;
-
-		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
-		if (sb.len < 83 || sb.buf[sb.len - 1] != '\n' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, osha1) || sb.buf[40] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + 41, nsha1) || sb.buf[81] != ' ' ||
-		    !(email_end = strchr(sb.buf + 82, '>')) ||
-		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
-		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
-		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
-		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
-		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
-		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
-			continue; /* corrupt? */
-		email_end[1] = '\0';
-		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (message[6] != '\t')
-			message += 6;
-		else
-			message += 7;
-		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, sb.buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message,
-			 cb_data);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
 	}
+	if (!ret && sb.len)
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+
 	fclose(logfp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return ret;
@@ -2342,9 +3120,20 @@
 
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(refname, fn, 0, cb_data);
-}
+	FILE *logfp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
 
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
 /*
  * Call fn for each reflog in the namespace indicated by name.  name
  * must be empty or end with '/'.  Name will be used as a scratch
@@ -2400,12 +3189,13 @@
 	return retval;
 }
 
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+static struct ref_lock *update_ref_lock(const char *refname,
+					const unsigned char *oldval,
+					int flags, int *type_p,
+					enum action_on_err onerr)
 {
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags);
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags, type_p);
 	if (!lock) {
 		const char *str = "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.";
 		switch (onerr) {
@@ -2413,8 +3203,14 @@
 		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
 		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
 		}
-		return 1;
 	}
+	return lock;
+}
+
+static int update_ref_write(const char *action, const char *refname,
+			    const unsigned char *sha1, struct ref_lock *lock,
+			    enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, action) < 0) {
 		const char *str = "Cannot update the ref '%s'.";
 		switch (onerr) {
@@ -2427,12 +3223,115 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
+	       int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
-		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
-			return (struct ref *)list;
-	return NULL;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	lock = update_ref_lock(refname, oldval, flags, NULL, onerr);
+	if (!lock)
+		return 1;
+	return update_ref_write(action, refname, sha1, lock, onerr);
+}
+
+static int ref_update_compare(const void *r1, const void *r2)
+{
+	const struct ref_update * const *u1 = r1;
+	const struct ref_update * const *u2 = r2;
+	return strcmp((*u1)->ref_name, (*u2)->ref_name);
+}
+
+static int ref_update_reject_duplicates(struct ref_update **updates, int n,
+					enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(updates[i - 1]->ref_name, updates[i]->ref_name)) {
+			const char *str =
+				"Multiple updates for ref '%s' not allowed.";
+			switch (onerr) {
+			case MSG_ON_ERR:
+				error(str, updates[i]->ref_name); break;
+			case DIE_ON_ERR:
+				die(str, updates[i]->ref_name); break;
+			case QUIET_ON_ERR:
+				break;
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int update_refs(const char *action, const struct ref_update **updates_orig,
+		int n, enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	int ret = 0, delnum = 0, i;
+	struct ref_update **updates;
+	int *types;
+	struct ref_lock **locks;
+	const char **delnames;
+
+	if (!updates_orig || !n)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Allocate work space */
+	updates = xmalloc(sizeof(*updates) * n);
+	types = xmalloc(sizeof(*types) * n);
+	locks = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*locks));
+	delnames = xmalloc(sizeof(*delnames) * n);
+
+	/* Copy, sort, and reject duplicate refs */
+	memcpy(updates, updates_orig, sizeof(*updates) * n);
+	qsort(updates, n, sizeof(*updates), ref_update_compare);
+	ret = ref_update_reject_duplicates(updates, n, onerr);
+	if (ret)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* Acquire all locks while verifying old values */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		locks[i] = update_ref_lock(updates[i]->ref_name,
+					   (updates[i]->have_old ?
+					    updates[i]->old_sha1 : NULL),
+					   updates[i]->flags,
+					   &types[i], onerr);
+		if (!locks[i]) {
+			ret = 1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform updates first so live commits remain referenced */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (!is_null_sha1(updates[i]->new_sha1)) {
+			ret = update_ref_write(action,
+					       updates[i]->ref_name,
+					       updates[i]->new_sha1,
+					       locks[i], onerr);
+			locks[i] = NULL; /* freed by update_ref_write */
+			if (ret)
+				goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+	/* Perform deletes now that updates are safely completed */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (locks[i]) {
+			delnames[delnum++] = locks[i]->ref_name;
+			ret |= delete_ref_loose(locks[i], types[i]);
+		}
+	ret |= repack_without_refs(delnames, delnum);
+	for (i = 0; i < delnum; i++)
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", delnames[i]));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+cleanup:
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (locks[i])
+			unlock_ref(locks[i]);
+	free(updates);
+	free(types);
+	free(locks);
+	free(delnames);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2470,7 +3369,7 @@
 		size_t total_len = 0;
 
 		/* the rule list is NULL terminated, count them first */
-		for (; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
+		for (nr_rules = 0; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
 			/* no +1 because strlen("%s") < strlen("%.*s") */
 			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]);
 
@@ -2544,3 +3443,46 @@
 	free(short_name);
 	return xstrdup(refname);
 }
+
+static struct string_list *hide_refs;
+
+int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *section)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("transfer.hiderefs", var) ||
+	    /* NEEDSWORK: use parse_config_key() once both are merged */
+	    (!prefixcmp(var, section) && var[strlen(section)] == '.' &&
+	     !strcmp(var + strlen(section), ".hiderefs"))) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ref = xstrdup(value);
+		len = strlen(ref);
+		while (len && ref[len - 1] == '/')
+			ref[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!hide_refs) {
+			hide_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*hide_refs));
+			hide_refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+		}
+		string_list_append(hide_refs, ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_is_hidden(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!hide_refs)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, hide_refs) {
+		int len;
+		if (prefixcmp(refname, item->string))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(item->string);
+		if (!refname[len] || refname[len] == '/')
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index d6c2fe2..87a1a79 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -10,18 +10,55 @@
 	int force_write;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Information needed for a single ref update.  Set new_sha1 to the
+ * new value or to zero to delete the ref.  To check the old value
+ * while locking the ref, set have_old to 1 and set old_sha1 to the
+ * value or to zero to ensure the ref does not exist before update.
+ */
+struct ref_update {
+	const char *ref_name;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int flags; /* REF_NODEREF? */
+	int have_old; /* 1 if old_sha1 is valid, 0 otherwise */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Bit values set in the flags argument passed to each_ref_fn():
+ */
+
+/* Reference is a symbolic reference. */
 #define REF_ISSYMREF 0x01
+
+/* Reference is a packed reference. */
 #define REF_ISPACKED 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Reference cannot be resolved to an object name: dangling symbolic
+ * reference (directly or indirectly), corrupt reference file, or
+ * symbolic reference refers to ill-formatted reference name.
+ */
 #define REF_ISBROKEN 0x04
 
 /*
- * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns
- * nonzero, and returns the value.  Please note that it is not safe to
- * modify references while an iteration is in progress, unless the
- * same callback function invocation that modifies the reference also
- * returns a nonzero value to immediately stop the iteration.
+ * The signature for the callback function for the for_each_*()
+ * functions below.  The memory pointed to by the refname and sha1
+ * arguments is only guaranteed to be valid for the duration of a
+ * single callback invocation.
  */
-typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname,
+			const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * The following functions invoke the specified callback function for
+ * each reference indicated.  If the function ever returns a nonzero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value.  Please note that
+ * it is not safe to modify references while an iteration is in
+ * progress, unless the same callback function invocation that
+ * modifies the reference also returns a nonzero value to immediately
+ * stop the iteration.
+ */
 extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *);
@@ -54,13 +91,57 @@
 extern void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname);
 
 /*
- * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  To actually
- * write the reference to the packed-refs file, call pack_refs().
+ * Lock the packed-refs file for writing.  Flags is passed to
+ * hold_lock_file_for_update().  Return 0 on success.
+ */
+extern int lock_packed_refs(int flags);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  This may
+ * only be called while the packed-refs file is locked (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  To actually write the packed-refs file, call
+ * commit_packed_refs().
  */
 extern void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Write the current version of the packed refs cache from memory to
+ * disk.  The packed-refs file must already be locked for writing (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  Return zero on success.
+ */
+extern int commit_packed_refs(void);
+
+/*
+ * Rollback the lockfile for the packed-refs file, and discard the
+ * in-memory packed reference cache.  (The packed-refs file will be
+ * read anew if it is needed again after this function is called.)
+ */
+extern void rollback_packed_refs(void);
+
+/*
+ * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
+ * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
+ * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
+ */
+#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
+#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
+
+/*
+ * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
+ * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
+ */
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
+
 extern int ref_exists(const char *);
 
+/*
+ * If refname is a non-symbolic reference that refers to a tag object,
+ * and the tag can be (recursively) dereferenced to a non-tag object,
+ * store the SHA1 of the referred-to object to sha1 and return 0.  If
+ * any of these conditions are not met, return a non-zero value.
+ * Symbolic references are considered unpeelable, even if they
+ * ultimately resolve to a peelable tag.
+ */
 extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 /** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
@@ -70,7 +151,7 @@
 #define REF_NODEREF	0x01
 extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
 						const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-						int flags);
+						int flags, int *type_p);
 
 /** Close the file descriptor owned by a lock and return the status */
 extern int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
@@ -84,14 +165,6 @@
 /** Writes sha1 into the ref specified by the lock. **/
 extern int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg);
 
-/*
- * Invalidate the reference cache for the specified submodule.  Use
- * submodule=NULL to invalidate the cache for the main module.  This
- * function must be called if references are changed via a mechanism
- * other than the refs API.
- */
-extern void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule);
-
 /** Setup reflog before using. **/
 int log_ref_setup(const char *ref_name, char *logfile, int bufsize);
 
@@ -103,7 +176,7 @@
 /* iterate over reflog entries */
 typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
@@ -147,4 +220,13 @@
 		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
 		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
 
+/**
+ * Lock all refs and then perform all modifications.
+ */
+int update_refs(const char *action, const struct ref_update **updates,
+		int n, enum action_on_err onerr);
+
+extern int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
+extern int ref_is_hidden(const char *);
+
 #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index 42716c5..c9b891a 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -6,20 +6,26 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "credential.h"
 
 static struct remote *remote;
-static const char *url; /* always ends with a trailing slash */
+/* always ends with a trailing slash */
+static struct strbuf url = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 struct options {
 	int verbosity;
 	unsigned long depth;
 	unsigned progress : 1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected : 1,
 		followtags : 1,
 		dry_run : 1,
 		thin : 1;
 };
 static struct options options;
+static struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
@@ -66,6 +72,22 @@
 			return -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "check-connectivity")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "cas")) {
+		struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&val, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=%s", value);
+		string_list_append(&cas_options, val.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&val);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	else {
 		return 1 /* unsupported */;
 	}
@@ -76,122 +98,16 @@
 	char *buf_alloc;
 	char *buf;
 	size_t len;
+	struct ref *refs;
 	unsigned proto_git : 1;
 };
 static struct discovery *last_discovery;
 
-static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
-{
-	if (d) {
-		if (d == last_discovery)
-			last_discovery = NULL;
-		free(d->buf_alloc);
-		free(d);
-	}
-}
-
-static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
-{
-	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
-	char *refs_url;
-	int http_ret, maybe_smart = 0;
-
-	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
-		return last;
-	free_discovery(last);
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-	if ((!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) &&
-	     git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
-		maybe_smart = 1;
-		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
-		else
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
-	}
-	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-	switch (http_ret) {
-	case HTTP_OK:
-		break;
-	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
-		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
-		    " server?", refs_url);
-	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
-		die("Authentication failed");
-	default:
-		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
-		die("HTTP request failed");
-	}
-
-	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
-	last->service = service;
-	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
-	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
-
-	if (maybe_smart && 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
-		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
-		 * pkt-line matches our request.
-		 */
-		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
-			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
-		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
-
-		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
-		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
-			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
-		strbuf_release(&exp);
-
-		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
-		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
-		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
-		 */
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
-			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		last->proto_git = 1;
-	}
-
-	free(refs_url);
-	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	last_discovery = last;
-	return last;
-}
-
-static int write_discovery(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	struct discovery *heads = data;
-	int err = 0;
-	if (write_in_full(out, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
-		err = 1;
-	close(out);
-	return err;
-}
-
 static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
 {
 	struct ref *list = NULL;
-	struct async async;
-
-	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = write_discovery;
-	async.data = heads;
-	async.out = -1;
-
-	if (start_async(&async))
-		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
-	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list,
-			for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
-	close(async.out);
-	if (finish_async(&async))
-		die("ref parsing thread failed");
+	get_remote_heads(-1, heads->buf, heads->len, &list,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
 	return list;
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +132,8 @@
 			mid = &data[i];
 		if (data[i] == '\n') {
 			if (mid - start != 40)
-				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url);
+				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?",
+				    url.buf);
 			data[i] = 0;
 			ref_name = mid + 1;
 			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
@@ -235,7 +152,7 @@
 	}
 
 	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
-	if (!http_fetch_ref(url, ref) &&
+	if (!http_fetch_ref(url.buf, ref) &&
 	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
 		ref->next = refs;
 		refs = ref;
@@ -246,18 +163,149 @@
 	return refs;
 }
 
+static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
+{
+	if (d) {
+		if (d == last_discovery)
+			last_discovery = NULL;
+		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free_refs(d->refs);
+		free(d);
+	}
+}
+
+static int show_http_message(struct strbuf *type, struct strbuf *msg)
+{
+	const char *p, *eol;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only show text/plain parts, as other types are likely
+	 * to be ugly to look at on the user's terminal.
+	 *
+	 * TODO should handle "; charset=XXX", and re-encode into
+	 * logoutputencoding
+	 */
+	if (strcasecmp(type->buf, "text/plain"))
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_trim(msg);
+	if (!msg->len)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = msg->buf;
+	do {
+		eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr, "remote: %.*s\n", (int)(eol - p), p);
+		p = eol + 1;
+	} while(*eol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf type = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf refs_url = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf effective_url = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
+	int http_ret, maybe_smart = 0;
+	struct http_get_options options;
+
+	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
+		return last;
+	free_discovery(last);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "%sinfo/refs", url.buf);
+	if ((!prefixcmp(url.buf, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url.buf, "https://")) &&
+	     git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
+		maybe_smart = 1;
+		if (!strchr(url.buf, '?'))
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '?');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '&');
+		strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "service=%s", service);
+	}
+
+	memset(&options, 0, sizeof(options));
+	options.content_type = &type;
+	options.effective_url = &effective_url;
+	options.base_url = &url;
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	options.keep_error = 1;
+
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url.buf, &buffer, &options);
+	switch (http_ret) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+		break;
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("repository '%s' not found", url.buf);
+	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("Authentication failed for '%s'", url.buf);
+	default:
+		show_http_message(&type, &buffer);
+		die("unable to access '%s': %s", url.buf, curl_errorstr);
+	}
+
+	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
+	last->service = service;
+	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
+	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&exp, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service);
+	if (maybe_smart &&
+	    (5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') &&
+	    !strbuf_cmp(&exp, &type)) {
+		char *line;
+
+		/*
+		 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+		 * pkt-line matches our request.
+		 */
+		line = packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL);
+
+		strbuf_reset(&exp);
+		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
+		if (strcmp(line, exp.buf))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line);
+		strbuf_release(&exp);
+
+		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
+		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
+		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
+		 */
+		while (packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL))
+			;
+
+		last->proto_git = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (last->proto_git)
+		last->refs = parse_git_refs(last, for_push);
+	else
+		last->refs = parse_info_refs(last);
+
+	strbuf_release(&refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&exp);
+	strbuf_release(&type);
+	strbuf_release(&effective_url);
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	last_discovery = last;
+	return last;
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
 {
 	struct discovery *heads;
 
 	if (for_push)
-		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", for_push);
 	else
-		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", for_push);
 
-	if (heads->proto_git)
-		return parse_git_refs(heads, for_push);
-	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+	return heads->refs;
 }
 
 static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
@@ -271,7 +319,6 @@
 	}
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
-	free_refs(refs);
 }
 
 struct rpc_state {
@@ -301,7 +348,7 @@
 
 	if (!avail) {
 		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
-		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		avail = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!avail)
 			return 0;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -356,7 +403,7 @@
 	slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
 	finish_active_slot(slot);
 
-	err = handle_curl_result(slot, &results);
+	err = handle_curl_result(&results);
 	if (err != HTTP_OK && err != HTTP_REAUTH) {
 		error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
 		      results.curl_result, results.http_code);
@@ -400,6 +447,7 @@
 	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
 	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
 	char *gzip_body = NULL;
+	size_t gzip_size = 0;
 	int err, large_request = 0;
 
 	/* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
@@ -417,7 +465,7 @@
 			break;
 		}
 
-		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, buf, left, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->len += n;
@@ -426,11 +474,18 @@
 	if (large_request) {
 		do {
 			err = probe_rpc(rpc);
+			if (err == HTTP_REAUTH)
+				credential_fill(&http_auth);
 		} while (err == HTTP_REAUTH);
 		if (err != HTTP_OK)
 			return -1;
 	}
 
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
+
+retry:
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
@@ -438,10 +493,6 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
-
 	if (large_request) {
 		/* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
 		 * We must use chunked encoding to send it.
@@ -459,24 +510,32 @@
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 
+	} else if (gzip_body) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are looping to retry authentication, then the previous
+		 * run will have set up the headers and gzip buffer already,
+		 * and we just need to send it.
+		 */
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
+
 	} else if (use_gzip && 1024 < rpc->len) {
 		/* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
 		 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
 		 * the transfer time.
 		 */
-		size_t size;
 		git_zstream stream;
 		int ret;
 
 		memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 		git_deflate_init_gzip(&stream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
-		size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
-		gzip_body = xmalloc(size);
+		gzip_size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
+		gzip_body = xmalloc(gzip_size);
 
 		stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)rpc->buf;
 		stream.avail_in = rpc->len;
 		stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)gzip_body;
-		stream.avail_out = size;
+		stream.avail_out = gzip_size;
 
 		ret = git_deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
 		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
@@ -486,16 +545,16 @@
 		if (ret != Z_OK)
 			die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret);
 
-		size = stream.total_out;
+		gzip_size = stream.total_out;
 
 		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
 		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
-		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, size);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
 
 		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
 				rpc->service_name,
-				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)size);
+				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)gzip_size);
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -515,9 +574,11 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, rpc_in);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, rpc);
 
-	do {
-		err = run_slot(slot);
-	} while (err == HTTP_REAUTH && !large_request && !use_gzip);
+	err = run_slot(slot);
+	if (err == HTTP_REAUTH && !large_request) {
+		credential_fill(&http_auth);
+		goto retry;
+	}
 	if (err != HTTP_OK)
 		err = -1;
 
@@ -552,7 +613,7 @@
 	rpc->out = client.out;
 	strbuf_init(&rpc->result, 0);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url, svc);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url.buf, svc);
 	rpc->service_url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Content-Type: application/x-%s-request", svc);
@@ -562,7 +623,7 @@
 	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	while (!err) {
-		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		int n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -604,7 +665,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
 		targets[i] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(to_fetch[i]->old_sha1));
 
-	walker = get_http_walker(url);
+	walker = get_http_walker(url.buf);
 	walker->get_all = 1;
 	walker->get_tree = 1;
 	walker->get_history = 1;
@@ -627,7 +688,7 @@
 	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *depth_arg = NULL;
 	int argc = 0, i, err;
-	const char *argv[15];
+	const char *argv[16];
 
 	argv[argc++] = "fetch-pack";
 	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
@@ -641,6 +702,8 @@
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 	}
+	if (options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		argv[argc++] = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
 	if (!options.progress)
 		argv[argc++] = "--no-progress";
 	if (options.depth) {
@@ -649,7 +712,7 @@
 		depth_arg = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 		argv[argc++] = depth_arg;
 	}
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+	argv[argc++] = url.buf;
 	argv[argc++] = NULL;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
@@ -668,7 +731,7 @@
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
 	strbuf_release(&preamble);
 	free(depth_arg);
@@ -677,7 +740,7 @@
 
 static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", 0);
 	if (d->proto_git)
 		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 	else
@@ -747,7 +810,7 @@
 		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
 	if (options.verbosity > 1)
 		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+	argv[argc++] = url.buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
 		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
 	argv[argc++] = NULL;
@@ -761,42 +824,44 @@
 static int push_git(struct discovery *heads, int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
-	const char **argv;
-	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	int i, err;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 
-	argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
-	argv[argc++] = "send-pack";
-	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
-	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
+	argv_array_init(&args);
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
+			 NULL);
+
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
 	if (options.verbosity == 0)
-		argv[argc++] = "--quiet";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
 	else if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--verbose");
+	argv_array_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		argv_array_push(&args, cas_option->string);
+	argv_array_push(&args, url.buf);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&args, specs[i]);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
-	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.argv = args.argv;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", 1);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (heads->proto_git)
@@ -859,14 +924,12 @@
 	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
 
 	if (argc > 2) {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, argv[2]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, argv[2]);
 	} else {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, remote->url[0]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, remote->url[0]);
 	}
 
-	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-
-	http_init(remote, url, 0);
+	http_init(remote, url.buf, 0);
 
 	do {
 		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
@@ -913,6 +976,7 @@
 			printf("fetch\n");
 			printf("option\n");
 			printf("push\n");
+			printf("check-connectivity\n");
 			printf("\n");
 			fflush(stdout);
 		} else {
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7cd5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "url.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static const char *url;
+static int dump_from_file;
+static const char *private_ref;
+static const char *remote_ref = "refs/heads/master";
+static const char *marksfilename, *notes_ref;
+struct rev_note { unsigned int rev_nr; };
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line);
+static int cmd_import(const char *line);
+static int cmd_list(const char *line);
+
+typedef int (*input_command_handler)(const char *);
+struct input_command_entry {
+	const char *name;
+	input_command_handler fn;
+	unsigned char batchable;	/* whether the command starts or is part of a batch */
+};
+
+static const struct input_command_entry input_command_list[] = {
+	{ "capabilities", cmd_capabilities, 0 },
+	{ "import", cmd_import, 1 },
+	{ "list", cmd_list, 0 },
+	{ NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("import\n");
+	printf("bidi-import\n");
+	printf("refspec %s:%s\n\n", remote_ref, private_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void terminate_batch(void)
+{
+	/* terminate a current batch's fast-import stream */
+	printf("done\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: 'ref' refers to a git reference, while 'rev' refers to a svn revision. */
+static char *read_ref_note(const unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	const unsigned char *note_sha1;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	if (!(note_sha1 = get_note(NULL, sha1)))
+		return NULL;	/* note tree not found */
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)))
+		error("Empty notes tree. %s", notes_ref);
+	else if (!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		error("Note contains unusable content. "
+			"Is something else using this notes tree? %s", notes_ref);
+		free(msg);
+		msg = NULL;
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static int parse_rev_note(const char *msg, struct rev_note *res)
+{
+	const char *key, *value, *end;
+	size_t len;
+
+	while (*msg) {
+		end = strchr(msg, '\n');
+		len = end ? end - msg : strlen(msg);
+
+		key = "Revision-number: ";
+		if (!prefixcmp(msg, key)) {
+			long i;
+			char *end;
+			value = msg + strlen(key);
+			i = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+			if (end == value || i < 0 || i > UINT32_MAX)
+				return -1;
+			res->rev_nr = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		msg += len + 1;
+	}
+	/* didn't find it */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int note2mark_cb(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+		void *cb_data)
+{
+	FILE *file = (FILE *)cb_data;
+	char *msg;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct rev_note note;
+
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)) ||
+			!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(msg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (parse_rev_note(msg, &note))
+		return 2;
+	if (fprintf(file, ":%d %s\n", note.rev_nr, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1)) < 1)
+		return 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void regenerate_marks(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	FILE *marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "w+");
+
+	if (!marksfile)
+		die_errno("Couldn't create mark file %s.", marksfilename);
+	ret = for_each_note(NULL, 0, note2mark_cb, marksfile);
+	if (ret)
+		die("Regeneration of marks failed, returned %d.", ret);
+	fclose(marksfile);
+}
+
+static void check_or_regenerate_marks(int latestrev)
+{
+	FILE *marksfile;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	if (latestrev < 1)
+		return;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+	if (!marksfile) {
+		regenerate_marks();
+		marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+		if (!marksfile)
+			die_errno("cannot read marks file %s!", marksfilename);
+		fclose(marksfile);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, ":%d ", latestrev);
+		while (strbuf_getline(&line, marksfile, '\n') != EOF) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line.buf, sb.buf)) {
+				found++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		fclose(marksfile);
+		if (!found)
+			regenerate_marks();
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+static int cmd_import(const char *line)
+{
+	int code;
+	int dumpin_fd;
+	char *note_msg;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned int startrev;
+	struct argv_array svndump_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct child_process svndump_proc;
+
+	if (read_ref(private_ref, head_sha1))
+		startrev = 0;
+	else {
+		note_msg = read_ref_note(head_sha1);
+		if(note_msg == NULL) {
+			warning("No note found for %s.", private_ref);
+			startrev = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct rev_note note = { 0 };
+			if (parse_rev_note(note_msg, &note))
+				die("Revision number couldn't be parsed from note.");
+			startrev = note.rev_nr + 1;
+			free(note_msg);
+		}
+	}
+	check_or_regenerate_marks(startrev - 1);
+
+	if (dump_from_file) {
+		dumpin_fd = open(url, O_RDONLY);
+		if(dumpin_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Couldn't open svn dump file %s.", url);
+	} else {
+		memset(&svndump_proc, 0, sizeof(struct child_process));
+		svndump_proc.out = -1;
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, "svnrdump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, "dump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_argv, url);
+		argv_array_pushf(&svndump_argv, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
+		svndump_proc.argv = svndump_argv.argv;
+
+		code = start_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			die("Unable to start %s, code %d", svndump_proc.argv[0], code);
+		dumpin_fd = svndump_proc.out;
+	}
+	/* setup marks file import/export */
+	printf("feature import-marks-if-exists=%s\n"
+			"feature export-marks=%s\n", marksfilename, marksfilename);
+
+	svndump_init_fd(dumpin_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+	svndump_read(url, private_ref, notes_ref);
+	svndump_deinit();
+	svndump_reset();
+
+	close(dumpin_fd);
+	if (!dump_from_file) {
+		code = finish_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			warning("%s, returned %d", svndump_proc.argv[0], code);
+		argv_array_clear(&svndump_argv);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_list(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("? %s\n\n", remote_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_command(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	const struct input_command_entry *p = input_command_list;
+	static struct string_list batchlines = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static const struct input_command_entry *batch_cmd;
+	/*
+	 * commands can be grouped together in a batch.
+	 * Batches are ended by \n. If no batch is active the program ends.
+	 * During a batch all lines are buffered and passed to the handler function
+	 * when the batch is terminated.
+	 */
+	if (line->len == 0) {
+		if (batch_cmd) {
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			for_each_string_list_item(item, &batchlines)
+				batch_cmd->fn(item->string);
+			terminate_batch();
+			batch_cmd = NULL;
+			string_list_clear(&batchlines, 0);
+			return 0;	/* end of the batch, continue reading other commands. */
+		}
+		return 1;	/* end of command stream, quit */
+	}
+	if (batch_cmd) {
+		if (prefixcmp(batch_cmd->name, line->buf))
+			die("Active %s batch interrupted by %s", batch_cmd->name, line->buf);
+		/* buffer batch lines */
+		string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (p = input_command_list; p->name; p++) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, p->name) && (strlen(p->name) == line->len ||
+				line->buf[strlen(p->name)] == ' ')) {
+			if (p->batchable) {
+				batch_cmd = p;
+				string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return p->fn(line->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	die("Unknown command '%s'\n", line->buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, url_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			private_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT, marksfilename_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			notes_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct remote *remote;
+	const char *url_in;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	setup_git_directory();
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+		usage("git-remote-svn <remote-name> [<url>]");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+	url_in = (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : remote->url[0];
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(url_in, "file://")) {
+		dump_from_file = 1;
+		url = url_decode(url_in + sizeof("file://")-1);
+	} else {
+		dump_from_file = 0;
+		end_url_with_slash(&url_sb, url_in);
+		url = url_sb.buf;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&private_ref_sb, "refs/svn/%s/master", remote->name);
+	private_ref = private_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&notes_ref_sb, "refs/notes/%s/revs", remote->name);
+	notes_ref = notes_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&marksfilename_sb, "%s/info/fast-import/remote-svn/%s.marks",
+		get_git_dir(), remote->name);
+	marksfilename = marksfilename_sb.buf;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Error reading command stream");
+			else
+				die("Unexpected end of command stream");
+		}
+		if (do_command(&buf))
+			break;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&url_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&private_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&notes_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&marksfilename_sb);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 04fd9ea..9f1a8aa 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 	0,
 	1,
 	0,
+	0,
 	"refs/tags/*",
 	"refs/tags/*"
 };
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 
 static struct branch *current_branch;
 static const char *default_remote_name;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
 static int explicit_default_remote_name;
 
 static struct rewrites rewrites;
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@
 	}
 
 	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+	ret->prune = -1;  /* unspecified */
 	ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
 	remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
 	if (len)
@@ -274,10 +277,9 @@
 
 static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-	const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
 	char *frag;
 	struct strbuf branch = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
+	int n = 1000;
 	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
 	char *s, *p;
 	int len;
@@ -297,21 +299,11 @@
 	while (isspace(p[-1]))
 		*--p = 0;
 	len = p - s;
-	if (slash)
-		len += strlen(slash);
 	p = xmalloc(len + 1);
 	strcpy(p, s);
-	if (slash)
-		strcat(p, slash);
 
 	/*
-	 * With "slash", e.g. "git fetch jgarzik/netdev-2.6" when
-	 * reading from $GIT_DIR/branches/jgarzik fetches "HEAD" from
-	 * the partial URL obtained from the branches file plus
-	 * "/netdev-2.6" and does not store it in any tracking ref.
-	 * #branch specifier in the file is ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Otherwise, the branches file would have URL and optionally
+	 * The branches file would have URL and optionally
 	 * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
 	 * fetched and stored in the local branch of the same name.
 	 */
@@ -321,12 +313,8 @@
 		strbuf_addf(&branch, "refs/heads/%s", frag);
 	} else
 		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "refs/heads/master");
-	if (!slash) {
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
-	} else {
-		strbuf_reset(&branch);
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD:");
-	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
 	add_url_alias(remote, p);
 	add_fetch_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
 	/*
@@ -356,13 +344,16 @@
 			return 0;
 		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
 		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(key);
-			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+			if (git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value))
+				return -1;
 			if (branch == current_branch) {
 				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
 				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushremote")) {
+			if (branch == current_branch)
+				if (git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value))
+					return -1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
@@ -388,9 +379,16 @@
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 	}
+
 	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
 		return 0;
 	name = key + 7;
+
+	/* Handle remote.* variables */
+	if (!strcmp(name, "pushdefault"))
+		return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+	/* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
 	if (*name == '/') {
 		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
 			name);
@@ -407,6 +405,8 @@
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipfetchall"))
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".prune"))
+		remote->prune = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
 	int flag;
 	if (default_remote_name) /* did this already */
 		return;
-	default_remote_name = xstrdup("origin");
+	default_remote_name = "origin";
 	current_branch = NULL;
 	head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, &flag);
 	if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
-		 * for matching refs.
+		 * for pushing matching refs.
 		 */
 		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
 			rs[i].matching = 1;
@@ -565,26 +565,25 @@
 		flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
 
 		if (fetch) {
-			/*
-			 * LHS
-			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			unsigned char unused[40];
+
+			/* LHS */
 			if (!*rs[i].src)
-				; /* empty is ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+			else if (llen == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(rs[i].src, unused))
+				rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
-			/*
-			 * RHS
-			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
-			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			/* RHS */
 			if (!rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
+				; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
 			else if (!*rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -671,17 +670,21 @@
 	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name, const char *pushremote_name)
 {
 	struct remote *ret;
 	int name_given = 0;
 
-	read_config();
 	if (name)
 		name_given = 1;
 	else {
-		name = default_remote_name;
-		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		if (pushremote_name) {
+			name = pushremote_name;
+			name_given = 1;
+		} else {
+			name = default_remote_name;
+			name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		}
 	}
 
 	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
@@ -700,6 +703,18 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_name);
+}
+
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1195,6 +1210,117 @@
 	return tail;
 }
 
+struct tips {
+	struct commit **tip;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+	ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+	tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+	struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct tips sent_tips;
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+	 * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+	 */
+	memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+	for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1))
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		else
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+	sort_string_list(&dst_tag);
+
+	/* Collect tags they do not have. */
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue; /* not a tag */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+			continue; /* they already have it */
+		if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+			continue; /* be conservative */
+		item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+		item->util = ref;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+	 * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+	 * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+	 * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+	 * sent to the other side.
+	 */
+	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+			 * any of the commits we are sending?
+			 */
+			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add it in */
+			dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+			hashcpy(dst_ref->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+	free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+			return (struct ref *)list;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void prepare_ref_index(struct string_list *ref_index, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append_nodup(ref_index, ref->name)->util = ref;
+
+	sort_string_list(ref_index);
+}
+
 /*
  * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
  * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
@@ -1213,6 +1339,7 @@
 	int errs;
 	static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
 	struct ref *ref, **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+	struct string_list dst_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	if (!nr_refspec) {
 		nr_refspec = 1;
@@ -1223,18 +1350,20 @@
 
 	/* pick the remainder */
 	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *dst_item;
 		struct ref *dst_peer;
 		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
 		char *dst_name;
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			continue;
-
 		dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
 		if (!dst_name)
 			continue;
 
-		dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(*dst, dst_name);
+		if (!dst_ref_index.nr)
+			prepare_ref_index(&dst_ref_index, *dst);
+
+		dst_item = string_list_lookup(&dst_ref_index, dst_name);
+		dst_peer = dst_item ? dst_item->util : NULL;
 		if (dst_peer) {
 			if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
 				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
@@ -1251,13 +1380,22 @@
 			/* Create a new one and link it */
 			dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
 			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			string_list_insert(&dst_ref_index,
+				dst_peer->name)->util = dst_peer;
 		}
 		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
 		dst_peer->force = pat->force;
 	free_name:
 		free(dst_name);
 	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&dst_ref_index, 0);
+
+	if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+		add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
 	if (send_prune) {
+		struct string_list src_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 		/* check for missing refs on the remote */
 		for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 			char *src_name;
@@ -1268,11 +1406,15 @@
 
 			src_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_DST, NULL);
 			if (src_name) {
-				if (!find_ref_by_name(src, src_name))
+				if (!src_ref_index.nr)
+					prepare_ref_index(&src_ref_index, src);
+				if (!string_list_has_string(&src_ref_index,
+					    src_name))
 					ref->peer_ref = alloc_delete_ref();
 				free(src_name);
 			}
 		}
+		string_list_clear(&src_ref_index, 0);
 	}
 	if (errs)
 		return -1;
@@ -1280,11 +1422,14 @@
 }
 
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
-	int force_update)
+			     int force_update)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+		int reject_reason = 0;
+
 		if (ref->peer_ref)
 			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		else if (!send_mirror)
@@ -1297,35 +1442,64 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
-		 * The rules are:
+		/*
+		 * Bypass the usual "must fast-forward" check but
+		 * replace it with a weaker "the old value must be
+		 * this value we observed".  If the remote ref has
+		 * moved and is now different from what we expect,
+		 * reject any push.
 		 *
-		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
-		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 * It also is an error if the user told us to check
+		 * with the remote-tracking branch to find the value
+		 * to expect, but we did not have such a tracking
+		 * branch.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			if (ref->expect_old_no_trackback ||
+			    hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The usual "must fast-forward" rules.
 		 *
-		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+		 * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+		 * following are true:
 		 *
-		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
-		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
-		 *     otherwise.
+		 * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
 		 *
-		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
-		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
+		 * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+		 *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
 		 *
-		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
-		 *     always allowed.
+		 * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+		 *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+		 *     is a descendant of the old.
+		 *
+		 * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+		 *     passing the --force argument
 		 */
 
-		ref->nonfastforward =
-			!ref->deletion &&
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
-
-		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
-			continue;
+		else if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * "--force" will defeat any rejection implemented
+		 * by the rules above.
+		 */
+		if (!force_ref_update)
+			ref->status = reject_reason;
+		else if (reject_reason)
+			ref->forced_update = 1;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1342,8 +1516,7 @@
 		ret->remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
 		if (ret->merge_nr) {
 			int i;
-			ret->merge = xcalloc(sizeof(*ret->merge),
-					     ret->merge_nr);
+			ret->merge = xcalloc(ret->merge_nr, sizeof(*ret->merge));
 			for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
 				ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
 				ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
@@ -1370,6 +1543,16 @@
 	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
 }
 
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, 0, &flag))
+		return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+	return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 				    const struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -1383,7 +1566,8 @@
 		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
 			continue; /* a dereference item */
 		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
-					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+		    !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
 			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
 
 			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
@@ -1446,7 +1630,12 @@
 	} else {
 		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
 
-		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+			ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+			get_sha1_hex(name, ref_map->old_sha1);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		}
 		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
 			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
 		if (ref_map) {
@@ -1458,8 +1647,8 @@
 
 	for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
 		if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
-			if (check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name + 5,
-				REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+			if (prefixcmp((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, "refs/") ||
+			    check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, 0)) {
 				struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
 				error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
 				      (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
@@ -1507,7 +1696,8 @@
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
 	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
@@ -1539,7 +1729,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Return true if there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ * Compare a branch with its upstream, and save their differences (number
+ * of commits) in *num_ours and *num_theirs.
+ *
+ * Return 0 if branch has no upstream (no base), -1 if upstream is missing
+ * (with "gone" base), otherwise 1 (with base).
  */
 int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 {
@@ -1550,34 +1744,30 @@
 	const char *rev_argv[10], *base;
 	int rev_argc;
 
-	/*
-	 * Nothing to report unless we are marked to build on top of
-	 * somebody else.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat unless we are marked to build on top of somebody else. */
 	if (!branch ||
 	    !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] || !branch->merge[0]->dst)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If what we used to build on no longer exists, there is
-	 * nothing to report.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	if (read_ref(base, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!theirs)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	if (read_ref(branch->refname, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	ours = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!ours)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	/* are we the same? */
-	if (theirs == ours)
-		return 0;
+	if (theirs == ours) {
+		*num_theirs = *num_ours = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
 	rev_argc = 0;
@@ -1619,29 +1809,57 @@
  */
 int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int ours, theirs;
 	const char *base;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs))
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return 0;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
+	}
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	if (!num_theirs)
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+			base);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"),
+			base);
+	} else if (!theirs) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
 			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
-			   num_ours),
-			base, num_ours);
-	else if (!num_ours)
+			   ours),
+			base, ours);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
 			   "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_theirs);
-	else
+			   theirs),
+			base, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
+	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commit each, "
@@ -1649,8 +1867,12 @@
 			   "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commits each, "
 			       "respectively.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+			   theirs),
+			base, ours, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
+	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1770,3 +1992,121 @@
 	string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
 	return stale_refs;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++)
+		free(cas->entry[i].refname);
+	free(cas->entry);
+	memset(cas, 0, sizeof(*cas));
+}
+
+static struct push_cas *add_cas_entry(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+				      const char *refname,
+				      size_t refnamelen)
+{
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+	ALLOC_GROW(cas->entry, cas->nr + 1, cas->alloc);
+	entry = &cas->entry[cas->nr++];
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	entry->refname = xmemdupz(refname, refnamelen);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char *colon;
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		/* "--no-<option>" */
+		clear_cas_option(cas);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!arg) {
+		/* just "--<option>" */
+		cas->use_tracking_for_rest = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* "--<option>=refname" or "--<option>=refname:value" */
+	colon = strchrnul(arg, ':');
+	entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
+	if (!*colon)
+		entry->use_tracking = 1;
+	else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
+		return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return parse_push_cas_option(opt->value, arg, unset);
+}
+
+int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	return !cas->use_tracking_for_rest && !cas->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at remote.fetch refspec and see if we have a remote
+ * tracking branch for the refname there.  Fill its current
+ * value in sha1[].
+ * If we cannot do so, return negative to signal an error.
+ */
+static int remote_tracking(struct remote *remote, const char *refname,
+			   unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	char *dst;
+
+	dst = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+	if (!dst)
+		return -1; /* no tracking ref for refname at remote */
+	if (read_ref(dst, sha1))
+		return -1; /* we know what the tracking ref is but we cannot read it */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void apply_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		      struct remote *remote,
+		      struct ref *ref)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Find an explicit --<option>=<name>[:<value>] entry */
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++) {
+		struct push_cas *entry = &cas->entry[i];
+		if (!refname_match(entry->refname, ref->name, ref_rev_parse_rules))
+			continue;
+		ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+		if (!entry->use_tracking)
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1_expect, cas->entry[i].expect);
+		else if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+			ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Are we using "--<option>" to cover all? */
+	if (!cas->use_tracking_for_rest)
+		return;
+
+	ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+	if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+		ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+}
+
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		    struct remote *remote,
+		    struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		apply_cas(cas, remote, ref);
+}
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index 251d8fd..131130a 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef REMOTE_H
 #define REMOTE_H
 
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
 enum {
 	REMOTE_CONFIG,
 	REMOTE_REMOTES,
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
 	int fetch_tags;
 	int skip_default_update;
 	int mirror;
+	int prune;
 
 	const char *receivepack;
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@
 };
 
 struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name);
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
 
 typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
 	unsigned matching : 1;
+	unsigned exact_sha1 : 1;
 
 	char *src;
 	char *dst;
@@ -69,6 +74,56 @@
 
 extern const struct refspec *tag_refspec;
 
+struct ref {
+	struct ref *next;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1_expect[20]; /* used by expect-old */
+	char *symref;
+	unsigned int
+		force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
+		expect_old_sha1:1,
+		expect_old_no_trackback:1,
+		deletion:1,
+		matched:1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Order is important here, as we write to FETCH_HEAD
+	 * in numeric order. And the default NOT_FOR_MERGE
+	 * should be 0, so that xcalloc'd structures get it
+	 * by default.
+	 */
+	enum {
+		FETCH_HEAD_MERGE = -1,
+		FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE = 0,
+		FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE = 1
+	} fetch_head_status;
+
+	enum {
+		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
+		REF_STATUS_OK,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE,
+		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
+		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
+	} status;
+	char *remote_status;
+	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
+#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
+#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
+
+extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
+
 struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name);
 struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref);
 struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref);
@@ -82,6 +137,14 @@
  */
 void free_refs(struct ref *ref);
 
+struct extra_have_objects {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	unsigned char (*array)[20];
+};
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+				     struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+				     struct extra_have_objects *);
+
 int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list);
 int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
 
@@ -148,7 +211,8 @@
 	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
 	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
 	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
-	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2)
+	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2),
+	MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS	= (1 << 3)
 };
 
 /* Reporting of tracking info */
@@ -169,4 +233,27 @@
 /* Return refs which no longer exist on remote */
 struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fetch_map);
 
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+#define CAS_OPT_NAME "force-with-lease"
+
+struct push_cas_option {
+	unsigned use_tracking_for_rest:1;
+	struct push_cas {
+		unsigned char expect[20];
+		unsigned use_tracking:1;
+		char *refname;
+	} *entry;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+extern int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *);
+
+extern int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *);
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *, struct remote *, struct ref *);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index a6a5cd5..1f2d21a 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 #define RESOLVED 0
 #define PUNTED 1
@@ -284,8 +285,10 @@
 	strbuf_release(sb);
 	if (!io->input.len)
 		return -1;
-	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
-	if (*ep == '\n')
+	ep = memchr(io->input.buf, '\n', io->input.len);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = io->input.buf + io->input.len;
+	else if (*ep == '\n')
 		ep++;
 	len = ep - io->input.buf;
 	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
@@ -295,9 +298,9 @@
 
 static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
 {
-	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3] = {{NULL}};
 	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
 	struct rerere_io_mem io;
 	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
@@ -314,17 +317,16 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
+		int j;
 
-		mmfile[i].size = 0;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
 		if (active_nr <= pos)
 			break;
 		ce = active_cache[pos++];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
-		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
-			break;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
-		mmfile[i].size = size;
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			continue;
+		j = ce_stage(ce) - 1;
+		mmfile[j].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+		mmfile[j].size = size;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@
 
 static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+	const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 
 	if (!ce_stage(e)) {
 		*type = RESOLVED;
@@ -373,8 +375,8 @@
 
 	/* Only handle regular files with both stages #2 and #3 */
 	if (i + 1 < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
-		struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
+		const struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
 		if (ce_stage(e2) == 2 &&
 		    ce_stage(e3) == 3 &&
 		    ce_same_name(e, e3) &&
@@ -397,7 +399,7 @@
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == THREE_STAGED)
 			string_list_insert(conflict, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == PUNTED)
 			string_list_insert(merge_rr, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
+int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int i, fd;
 	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -670,8 +672,8 @@
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
 	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it = &conflict.items[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				    0, NULL))
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
+					  0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		rerere_forget_one_path(it->string, &merge_rr);
 	}
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
index 156d2aa..4aa06c9 100644
--- a/rerere.h
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 #define RERERE_AUTOUPDATE   01
 #define RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE 02
 
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@
 extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
 extern int rerere(int);
 extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
-extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
+extern int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *);
 extern int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_clear(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_gc(struct string_list *);
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 72b4612..c09b006 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@
 
 int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
-	int i, err = 0;
+	int i, err = 0, matched;
 
 	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
 		return pos;
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 	ru = item->util;
 	if (!ru)
 		return pos;
+	matched = ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED;
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *nce;
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@
 			continue;
 		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
 				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (matched)
+			nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 			err = 1;
 			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@
 	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 }
 
-void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
+void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -164,8 +167,22 @@
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED)
+			i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
+
+void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
 	}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
index 8458769..4630645 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.h
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 extern struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
-extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *);
+extern void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index aec0333..7afedc5 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include "decorate.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
@@ -69,7 +72,8 @@
 	return ours || emitted;
 }
 
-void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
+void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj,
+			   const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
 {
 	struct name_path leaf;
 	leaf.up = (struct name_path *)path;
@@ -86,7 +90,9 @@
 		struct name_path *path,
 		const char *name)
 {
-	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
+	char *pn = path_name(path, name);
+	add_object_array(obj, pn, p);
+	free(pn);
 }
 
 static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
@@ -128,9 +134,7 @@
 	 * We don't care about the tree any more
 	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
 	 */
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
-	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
@@ -193,7 +197,9 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
+static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return;
@@ -201,7 +207,7 @@
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
+		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, 0, &buf);
 		int st;
 
 		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
@@ -216,7 +222,8 @@
 	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
 }
 
-void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
+void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
 	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
 }
@@ -233,7 +240,9 @@
 	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
 }
 
-static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct object *object;
 
@@ -254,7 +263,8 @@
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, name);
 }
 
-static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
+static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+				    struct object *object, const char *name)
 {
 	unsigned long flags = object->flags;
 
@@ -337,6 +347,80 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * A definition of "relevant" commit that we can use to simplify limited graphs
+ * by eliminating side branches.
+ *
+ * A "relevant" commit is one that is !UNINTERESTING (ie we are including it
+ * in our list), or that is a specified BOTTOM commit. Then after computing
+ * a limited list, during processing we can generally ignore boundary merges
+ * coming from outside the graph, (ie from irrelevant parents), and treat
+ * those merges as if they were single-parent. TREESAME is defined to consider
+ * only relevant parents, if any. If we are TREESAME to our on-graph parents,
+ * we don't care if we were !TREESAME to non-graph parents.
+ *
+ * Treating bottom commits as relevant ensures that a limited graph's
+ * connection to the actual bottom commit is not viewed as a side branch, but
+ * treated as part of the graph. For example:
+ *
+ *   ....Z...A---X---o---o---B
+ *        .     /
+ *         W---Y
+ *
+ * When computing "A..B", the A-X connection is at least as important as
+ * Y-X, despite A being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ *
+ * And when computing --ancestry-path "A..B", the A-X connection is more
+ * important than Y-X, despite both A and Y being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ */
+static inline int relevant_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)) != UNINTERESTING;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a single relevant commit from a parent list. If we are a TREESAME
+ * commit, and this selects one of our parents, then we can safely simplify to
+ * that parent.
+ */
+static struct commit *one_relevant_parent(const struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+	struct commit *relevant = NULL;
+
+	if (!orig)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For 1-parent commits, or if first-parent-only, then return that
+	 * first parent (even if not "relevant" by the above definition).
+	 * TREESAME will have been set purely on that parent.
+	 */
+	if (revs->first_parent_only || !orig->next)
+		return orig->item;
+
+	/*
+	 * For multi-parent commits, identify a sole relevant parent, if any.
+	 * If we have only one relevant parent, then TREESAME will be set purely
+	 * with regard to that parent, and we can simplify accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * If we have more than one relevant parent, or no relevant parents
+	 * (and multiple irrelevant ones), then we can't select a parent here
+	 * and return NULL.
+	 */
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (relevant_commit(commit)) {
+			if (relevant)
+				return NULL;
+			relevant = commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return relevant;
+}
+
+/*
  * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
  * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
  * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
@@ -372,7 +456,8 @@
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
-static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
+static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
 	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;
@@ -433,10 +518,125 @@
 	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
 }
 
+struct treesame_state {
+	unsigned int nparents;
+	unsigned char treesame[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static struct treesame_state *initialise_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	unsigned n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	struct treesame_state *st = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*st) + n);
+	st->nparents = n;
+	add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, st);
+	return st;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Must be called immediately after removing the nth_parent from a commit's
+ * parent list, if we are maintaining the per-parent treesame[] decoration.
+ * This does not recalculate the master TREESAME flag - update_treesame()
+ * should be called to update it after a sequence of treesame[] modifications
+ * that may have affected it.
+ */
+static int compact_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, unsigned nth_parent)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *st;
+	int old_same;
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		/*
+		 * Have just removed the only parent from a non-merge.
+		 * Different handling, as we lack decoration.
+		 */
+		if (nth_parent != 0)
+			die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+		old_same = !!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME);
+		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		return old_same;
+	}
+
+	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	if (!st || nth_parent >= st->nparents)
+		die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+
+	old_same = st->treesame[nth_parent];
+	memmove(st->treesame + nth_parent,
+		st->treesame + nth_parent + 1,
+		st->nparents - nth_parent - 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've just become a non-merge commit, update TREESAME
+	 * immediately, and remove the no-longer-needed decoration.
+	 * If still a merge, defer update until update_treesame().
+	 */
+	if (--st->nparents == 1) {
+		if (commit->parents->next)
+			die("compact_treesame parents mismatch");
+		if (st->treesame[0] && revs->dense)
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		free(add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return old_same;
+}
+
+static unsigned update_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+		unsigned n;
+		struct treesame_state *st;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		unsigned relevant_parents;
+		unsigned relevant_change, irrelevant_change;
+
+		st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+		if (!st)
+			die("update_treesame %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		relevant_parents = 0;
+		relevant_change = irrelevant_change = 0;
+		for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; n++, p = p->next) {
+			if (relevant_commit(p->item)) {
+				relevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+				relevant_parents++;
+			} else
+				irrelevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+		}
+		if (relevant_parents ? relevant_change : irrelevant_change)
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.flags & TREESAME;
+}
+
+static inline int limiting_can_increase_treesame(const struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is irrelevant unless prune && dense;
+	 * if simplify_history is set, we can't have a mixture of TREESAME and
+	 *    !TREESAME INTERESTING parents (and we don't have treesame[]
+	 *    decoration anyway);
+	 * if first_parent_only is set, then the TREESAME flag is locked
+	 *    against the first parent (and again we lack treesame[] decoration).
+	 */
+	return revs->prune && revs->dense &&
+	       !revs->simplify_history &&
+	       !revs->first_parent_only;
+}
+
 static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
-	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0, nth_parent = 0;
+	struct treesame_state *ts = NULL;
+	int relevant_change = 0, irrelevant_change = 0;
+	int relevant_parents, nth_parent;
 
 	/*
 	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
@@ -460,33 +660,54 @@
 	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
 		return;
 
-	pp = &commit->parents;
-	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
+	for (pp = &commit->parents, nth_parent = 0, relevant_parents = 0;
+	     (parent = *pp) != NULL;
+	     pp = &parent->next, nth_parent++) {
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+		if (relevant_commit(p))
+			relevant_parents++;
 
-		/*
-		 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
-		 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
-		 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
-		 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
-		 */
-		if (revs->first_parent_only && nth_parent++)
-			break;
+		if (nth_parent == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * This our second loop iteration - so we now know
+			 * we're dealing with a merge.
+			 *
+			 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
+			 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
+			 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
+			 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
+			 */
+			if (revs->first_parent_only)
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * If this will remain a potentially-simplifiable
+			 * merge, remember per-parent treesame if needed.
+			 * Initialise the array with the comparison from our
+			 * first iteration.
+			 */
+			if (revs->treesame.name &&
+			    !revs->simplify_history &&
+			    !(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+				ts = initialise_treesame(revs, commit);
+				if (!(irrelevant_change || relevant_change))
+					ts->treesame[0] = 1;
+			}
+		}
 		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
 			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
 			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
 		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
 		case REV_TREE_SAME:
-			tree_same = 1;
-			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+			if (!revs->simplify_history || !relevant_commit(p)) {
 				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
 				 * side branch brought the entire change
 				 * we are interested in, we do not want
 				 * to lose the other branches of this
 				 * merge, so we just keep going.
 				 */
-				pp = &parent->next;
+				if (ts)
+					ts->treesame[nth_parent] = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			parent->next = NULL;
@@ -514,15 +735,27 @@
 		/* fallthrough */
 		case REV_TREE_OLD:
 		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
-			tree_changed = 1;
-			pp = &parent->next;
+			if (relevant_commit(p))
+				relevant_change = 1;
+			else
+				irrelevant_change = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 	}
-	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
-		return;
-	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is straightforward for single-parent commits. For merge
+	 * commits, it is most useful to define it so that "irrelevant"
+	 * parents cannot make us !TREESAME - if we have any relevant
+	 * parents, then we only consider TREESAMEness with respect to them,
+	 * allowing irrelevant merges from uninteresting branches to be
+	 * simplified away. Only if we have only irrelevant parents do we
+	 * base TREESAME on them. Note that this logic is replicated in
+	 * update_treesame, which should be kept in sync.
+	 */
+	if (relevant_parents ? !relevant_change : !irrelevant_change)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
 }
 
 static void commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
@@ -713,7 +946,7 @@
 	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
 	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
 	 */
-	if (date < src->item->date)
+	if (date <= src->item->date)
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/*
@@ -805,16 +1038,12 @@
  * to filter the result of "A..B" further to the ones that can actually
  * reach A.
  */
-static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct rev_info *revs)
+static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct commit_list *list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		struct rev_cmdline_entry *elem = &revs->cmdline.rev[i];
-		if ((elem->flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
-		    elem->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-			commit_list_insert((struct commit *)elem->item, &bottom);
-	}
+	struct commit_list *elem, *bottom = NULL;
+	for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next)
+		if (elem->item->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			commit_list_insert(elem->item, &bottom);
 	return bottom;
 }
 
@@ -845,7 +1074,7 @@
 	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
 
 	if (revs->ancestry_path) {
-		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(revs);
+		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(list);
 		if (!bottom)
 			die("--ancestry-path given but there are no bottom commits");
 	}
@@ -898,10 +1127,26 @@
 		free_commit_list(bottom);
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Check if any commits have become TREESAME by some of their parents
+	 * becoming UNINTERESTING.
+	 */
+	if (limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs))
+		for (list = newlist; list; list = list->next) {
+			struct commit *c = list->item;
+			if (c->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | TREESAME))
+				continue;
+			update_treesame(revs, c);
+		}
+
 	revs->commits = newlist;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Add an entry to refs->cmdline with the specified information.
+ * *name is copied.
+ */
 static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    struct object *item,
 			    const char *name,
@@ -913,12 +1158,25 @@
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(info->rev, nr + 1, info->alloc);
 	info->rev[nr].item = item;
-	info->rev[nr].name = name;
+	info->rev[nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	info->rev[nr].whence = whence;
 	info->rev[nr].flags = flags;
 	info->nr++;
 }
 
+static void add_rev_cmdline_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 struct commit_list *commit_list,
+				 int whence,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1),
+				whence, flags);
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
 struct all_refs_cb {
 	int all_flags;
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
@@ -1004,7 +1262,7 @@
 	const char *arg = arg_;
 
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
 	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
@@ -1042,7 +1300,7 @@
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
 	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
 	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
-	revs->lifo = 1;
+	revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	revs->dense = 1;
 	revs->prefix = prefix;
 	revs->max_age = -1;
@@ -1096,14 +1354,15 @@
 	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
 	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
-	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
+	add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, bases, REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 
 	if (!active_nr)
 		read_cache();
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data)) {
@@ -1117,7 +1376,8 @@
 			i++;
 	}
 	free_pathspec(&revs->prune_data);
-	init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, prune);
+	parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL | PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", prune);
 	revs->limited = 1;
 }
 
@@ -1132,13 +1392,15 @@
 	int cant_be_filename = revarg_opt & REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	unsigned get_sha1_flags = 0;
 
+	flags = flags & UNINTERESTING ? flags | BOTTOM : flags & ~BOTTOM;
+
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
 	if (dotdot) {
 		unsigned char from_sha1[20];
 		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
 		const char *this = arg;
 		int symmetric = *next == '.';
-		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 		static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 		unsigned int a_flags;
 
@@ -1197,6 +1459,9 @@
 				if (!a || !b)
 					goto missing;
 				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+				add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, exclude,
+						     REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
+						     flags_exclude);
 				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
 							flags_exclude);
 				free_commit_list(exclude);
@@ -1226,13 +1491,13 @@
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
 	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
 		*dotdot = 0;
-		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
+		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)))
 			*dotdot = '^';
 	}
 
 	local_flags = 0;
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
+		local_flags = UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
 
@@ -1258,7 +1523,7 @@
 static void append_prune_data(struct cmdline_pathspec *prune, const char **av)
 {
 	while (*av) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = *(av++);
 	}
 }
@@ -1270,7 +1535,7 @@
 		int len = sb->len;
 		if (len && sb->buf[len - 1] == '\n')
 			sb->buf[--len] = '\0';
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = xstrdup(sb->buf);
 	}
 }
@@ -1295,7 +1560,8 @@
 			}
 			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0,
+					REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
@@ -1392,7 +1658,7 @@
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
 		revs->show_merge = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 1;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
@@ -1410,7 +1676,10 @@
 		revs->prune = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 0;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--author-date-order")) {
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
 		int count = 100;
@@ -1623,6 +1892,8 @@
 		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--grep-debug")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.debug = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--basic-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
 		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
@@ -1630,6 +1901,8 @@
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
 		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED, &revs->grep_filter);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--perl-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("encoding", argv, &optarg))) {
@@ -1704,7 +1977,7 @@
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_branch_ref_submodule);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
-		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM), for_each_good_bisect_ref);
 		revs->bisect = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_tag_ref_submodule);
@@ -1730,7 +2003,7 @@
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
 		handle_reflog(revs, *flags);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
-		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
 		revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-walk=")) {
@@ -1865,10 +2138,10 @@
 		 *	call init_pathspec() to set revs->prune_data here.
 		 * }
 		 */
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr+1, prune_data.alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr + 1, prune_data.alloc);
 		prune_data.path[prune_data.nr++] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data,
-			      get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data.path));
+		parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, 0, 0,
+			       revs->prefix, prune_data.path);
 	}
 
 	if (revs->def == NULL)
@@ -1901,16 +2174,23 @@
 		revs->limited = 1;
 
 	if (revs->prune_data.nr) {
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->pruning);
+		copy_pathspec(&revs->pruning.pathspec, &revs->prune_data);
 		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
 		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 			revs->prune = 1;
 		if (!revs->full_diff)
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->diffopt);
+			copy_pathspec(&revs->diffopt.pathspec,
+				      &revs->prune_data);
 	}
 	if (revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
 	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
+
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse) {
+		revs->limited = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	}
+
 	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
 
 	grep_commit_pattern_type(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
@@ -1944,28 +2224,32 @@
 	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
 }
 
-static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
+static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
 	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
 	int surviving_parents;
 
 	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
 	pp = &commit->parents;
+	surviving_parents = 0;
 	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
 		struct commit *parent = p->item;
 		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
 			*pp = p->next;
+			if (ts)
+				compact_treesame(revs, commit, surviving_parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		surviving_parents++;
 		pp = &p->next;
 	}
-	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
-	surviving_parents = 0;
+	/* clear the temporary mark */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
-		surviving_parents++;
 	}
+	/* no update_treesame() - removing duplicates can't affect TREESAME */
 	return surviving_parents;
 }
 
@@ -1985,9 +2269,157 @@
 	return st;
 }
 
+static int mark_redundant_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
+	int i = 0, marked = 0;
+	struct commit_list *po, *pn;
+
+	/* Want these for sanity-checking only */
+	int orig_cnt = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	int cnt = commit_list_count(h);
+
+	/*
+	 * Not ready to remove items yet, just mark them for now, based
+	 * on the output of reduce_heads(). reduce_heads outputs the reduced
+	 * set in its original order, so this isn't too hard.
+	 */
+	po = commit->parents;
+	pn = h;
+	while (po) {
+		if (pn && po->item == pn->item) {
+			pn = pn->next;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			po->item->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+		po=po->next;
+	}
+
+	if (i != cnt || cnt+marked != orig_cnt)
+		die("mark_redundant_parents %d %d %d %d", orig_cnt, cnt, i, marked);
+
+	free_commit_list(h);
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+static int mark_treesame_root_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int marked = 0;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (!parent->parents && (parent->object.flags & TREESAME)) {
+			parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Awkward naming - this means one parent we are TREESAME to.
+ * cf mark_treesame_root_parents: root parents that are TREESAME (to an
+ * empty tree). Better name suggestions?
+ */
+static int leave_one_treesame_to_parent(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	struct commit *unmarked = NULL, *marked = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; p = p->next, n++) {
+		if (ts->treesame[n]) {
+			if (p->item->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+				if (!marked)
+					marked = p->item;
+			} else {
+				if (!unmarked) {
+					unmarked = p->item;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are TREESAME to a marked-for-deletion parent, but not to any
+	 * unmarked parents, unmark the first TREESAME parent. This is the
+	 * parent that the default simplify_history==1 scan would have followed,
+	 * and it doesn't make sense to omit that path when asking for a
+	 * simplified full history. Retaining it improves the chances of
+	 * understanding odd missed merges that took an old version of a file.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I--------*X       A modified the file, but mainline merge X used
+	 *    \       /        "-s ours", so took the version from I. X is
+	 *     `-*A--'         TREESAME to I and !TREESAME to A.
+	 *
+	 * Default log from X would produce "I". Without this check,
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges would produce "I-A-X", showing
+	 * the merge commit X and that it changed A, but not making clear that
+	 * it had just taken the I version. With this check, the topology above
+	 * is retained.
+	 *
+	 * Note that it is possible that the simplification chooses a different
+	 * TREESAME parent from the default, in which case this test doesn't
+	 * activate, and we _do_ drop the default parent. Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I------X         A modified the file, but it was reverted in B,
+	 *    \    /          meaning mainline merge X is TREESAME to both
+	 *    *A-*B           parents.
+	 *
+	 * Default log would produce "I" by following the first parent;
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges will produce "I-A-B". But this is a
+	 * reasonable result - it presents a logical full history leading from
+	 * I to X, and X is not an important merge.
+	 */
+	if (!unmarked && marked) {
+		marked->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
+	int nth_parent, removed = 0;
+
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	nth_parent = 0;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+			parent->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+			*pp = p->next;
+			free(p);
+			removed++;
+			compact_treesame(revs, commit, nth_parent);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+		nth_parent++;
+	}
+
+	/* Removing parents can only increase TREESAMEness */
+	if (removed && !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
+		update_treesame(revs, commit);
+
+	return nth_parent;
+}
+
 static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit *parent;
 	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
 	int cnt;
 
@@ -2029,7 +2461,9 @@
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
+	 * Rewrite our list of parents. Note that this cannot
+	 * affect our TREESAME flags in any way - a commit is
+	 * always TREESAME to its simplification.
 	 */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
@@ -2037,46 +2471,57 @@
 		if (revs->first_parent_only)
 			break;
 	}
-	if (!revs->first_parent_only)
-		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
-	else
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only)
 		cnt = 1;
+	else
+		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
 
 	/*
 	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
 	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
-	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
-	 * to different commits.
+	 * in such a case, the immediate parent from that branch
+	 * will be rewritten to be the merge base.
 	 *
 	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
 	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
 	 * ---o----'
 	 *
-	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
+	 * Further, a merge of an independent branch that doesn't
+	 * touch the path will reduce to a treesame root parent:
+	 *
+	 *  ----o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
+	 *          /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
+	 *         r		r: a root commit not touching the paths
+	 *
+	 * Detect and simplify both cases.
 	 */
 	if (1 < cnt) {
-		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
-		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
-		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
-		commit->parents = h;
+		int marked = mark_redundant_parents(revs, commit);
+		marked += mark_treesame_root_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			marked -= leave_one_treesame_to_parent(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			cnt = remove_marked_parents(revs, commit);
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
 	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
-	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
+	 * merge and its parents don't simplify to one relevant commit
 	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
 	 * this function).
 	 *
-	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
+	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole relevant parent
+	 * simplifies to.
 	 */
 	if (!cnt ||
 	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
 	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
-	    (1 < cnt))
+	    (parent = one_relevant_parent(revs, commit->parents)) == NULL)
 		st->simplified = commit;
 	else {
-		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, parent);
 		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
 	}
 	return tail;
@@ -2172,6 +2617,11 @@
 	if (!revs->leak_pending)
 		free(list);
 
+	/* Signal whether we need per-parent treesame decoration */
+	if (revs->simplify_merges ||
+	    (revs->limited && limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs)))
+		revs->treesame.name = "treesame";
+
 	if (revs->no_walk != REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED)
 		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
@@ -2180,7 +2630,9 @@
 		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	if (revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_filter(revs);
 	if (revs->simplify_merges)
 		simplify_merges(revs);
 	if (revs->children.name)
@@ -2188,12 +2640,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-enum rewrite_result {
-	rewrite_one_ok,
-	rewrite_one_noparents,
-	rewrite_one_error
-};
-
 static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
 {
 	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;
@@ -2203,24 +2649,25 @@
 		if (!revs->limited)
 			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
 				return rewrite_one_error;
-		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
-			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!p->parents)
 			return rewrite_one_noparents;
-		*pp = p->parents->item;
+		if ((p = one_relevant_parent(revs, p->parents)) == NULL)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		*pp = p;
 	}
 }
 
-static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
 	while (*pp) {
 		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
-		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
+		switch (rewrite_parent(revs, &parent->item)) {
 		case rewrite_one_ok:
 			break;
 		case rewrite_one_noparents:
@@ -2231,14 +2678,62 @@
 		}
 		pp = &parent->next;
 	}
-	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+	remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_rewrite_person(struct strbuf *buf, const char *what, struct string_list *mailmap)
+{
+	char *person, *endp;
+	size_t len, namelen, maillen;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *mail;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	person = strstr(buf->buf, what);
+	if (!person)
+		return 0;
+
+	person += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(person, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = endp - person;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, person, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen)) {
+		struct strbuf namemail = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&namemail, "%.*s <%.*s>",
+			    (int)namelen, name, (int)maillen, mail);
+
+		strbuf_splice(buf, ident.name_begin - buf->buf,
+			      ident.mail_end - ident.name_begin + 1,
+			      namemail.buf, namemail.len);
+
+		strbuf_release(&namemail);
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 {
 	int retval;
+	const char *encoding;
+	char *message;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
 		return 1;
 
@@ -2249,29 +2744,47 @@
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * We grep in the user's output encoding, under the assumption that it
+	 * is the encoding they are most likely to write their grep pattern
+	 * for. In addition, it means we will match the "notes" encoding below,
+	 * so we will not end up with a buffer that has two different encodings
+	 * in it.
+	 */
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
+
 	/* Copy the commit to temporary if we are using "fake" headers */
 	if (buf.len)
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, commit->buffer);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+	if (opt->grep_filter.header_list && opt->mailmap) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\nauthor ", opt->mailmap);
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\ncommitter ", opt->mailmap);
+	}
 
 	/* Append "fake" message parts as needed */
 	if (opt->show_notes) {
 		if (!buf.len)
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, commit->buffer);
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf,
-				     get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf, encoding, 1);
 	}
 
-	/* Find either in the commit object, or in the temporary */
+	/* Find either in the original commit message, or in the temporary */
 	if (buf.len)
 		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	else
 		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
-				     commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+				     message, strlen(message));
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	logmsg_free(message, commit);
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
+static inline int want_ancestry(const struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
 }
@@ -2289,10 +2802,7 @@
 	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
 		return commit_ignore;
 	if (revs->min_parents || (revs->max_parents >= 0)) {
-		int n = 0;
-		struct commit_list *p;
-		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
-			n++;
+		int n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 		if ((n < revs->min_parents) ||
 		    ((revs->max_parents >= 0) && (n > revs->max_parents)))
 			return commit_ignore;
@@ -2302,12 +2812,23 @@
 	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
 		/* Commit without changes? */
 		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
+			int n;
+			struct commit_list *p;
 			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
 			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
 				return commit_ignore;
-			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
-			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
-				return commit_ignore;
+			/*
+			 * If we want ancestry, then need to keep any merges
+			 * between relevant commits to tie together topology.
+			 * For consistency with TREESAME and simplification
+			 * use "relevant" here rather than just INTERESTING,
+			 * to treat bottom commit(s) as part of the topology.
+			 */
+			for (n = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
+				if (relevant_commit(p->item))
+					if (++n >= 2)
+						return commit_show;
+			return commit_ignore;
 		}
 	}
 	return commit_show;
@@ -2320,7 +2841,15 @@
 	if (action == commit_show &&
 	    !revs->show_all &&
 	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
-		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * --full-diff on simplified parents is no good: it
+		 * will show spurious changes from the commits that
+		 * were elided.  So we save the parents on the side
+		 * when --full-diff is in effect.
+		 */
+		if (revs->full_diff)
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit, rewrite_one) < 0)
 			return commit_error;
 	}
 	return action;
@@ -2339,6 +2868,7 @@
 		free(entry);
 
 		if (revs->reflog_info) {
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
 			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);
 			commit->object.flags &= ~(ADDED | SEEN | SHOWN);
 		}
@@ -2370,25 +2900,23 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return true for entries that have not yet been shown.  (This is an
+ * object_array_each_func_t.)
+ */
+static int entry_unshown(struct object_array_entry *entry, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	return !(entry->item->flags & SHOWN);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If array is on the verge of a realloc, garbage-collect any entries
+ * that have already been shown to try to free up some space.
+ */
 static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
 {
-	unsigned nr = array->nr;
-	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
-	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
-
-	if (alloc <= nr) {
-		unsigned i, j;
-		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
-				continue;
-			if (i != j)
-				objects[j] = objects[i];
-			j++;
-		}
-		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
-			objects[i].item = NULL;
-		array->nr = j;
-	}
+	if (array->nr == array->alloc)
+		object_array_filter(array, entry_unshown, NULL);
 }
 
 static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2429,7 +2957,7 @@
 	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
 	 * in topological order
 	 */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
 }
 
 static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2463,7 +2991,7 @@
 	if (revs->max_count) {
 		c = get_revision_1(revs);
 		if (c) {
-			while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
+			while (revs->skip_count > 0) {
 				revs->skip_count--;
 				c = get_revision_1(revs);
 				if (!c)
@@ -2478,9 +3006,8 @@
 	if (c)
 		c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
 
-	if (!revs->boundary) {
+	if (!revs->boundary)
 		return c;
-	}
 
 	if (!c) {
 		/*
@@ -2526,9 +3053,8 @@
 
 	if (revs->reverse) {
 		reversed = NULL;
-		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs))) {
+		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs)))
 			commit_list_insert(c, &reversed);
-		}
 		revs->commits = reversed;
 		revs->reverse = 0;
 		revs->reverse_output_stage = 1;
@@ -2540,6 +3066,8 @@
 	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
 	if (c && revs->graph)
 		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
+	if (!c)
+		free_saved_parents(revs);
 	return c;
 }
 
@@ -2571,3 +3099,54 @@
 	fputs(mark, stdout);
 	putchar(' ');
 }
+
+define_commit_slab(saved_parents, struct commit_list *);
+
+#define EMPTY_PARENT_LIST ((struct commit_list *)-1)
+
+void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab) {
+		revs->saved_parents_slab = xmalloc(sizeof(struct saved_parents));
+		init_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+	}
+
+	pp = saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * When walking with reflogs, we may visit the same commit
+	 * several times: once for each appearance in the reflog.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, save_parents() will be called multiple times.
+	 * We want to keep only the first set of parents.  We need to
+	 * store a sentinel value for an empty (i.e., NULL) parent
+	 * list to distinguish it from a not-yet-saved list, however.
+	 */
+	if (*pp)
+		return;
+	if (commit->parents)
+		*pp = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+	else
+		*pp = EMPTY_PARENT_LIST;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		return commit->parents;
+
+	parents = *saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+	if (parents == EMPTY_PARENT_LIST)
+		return NULL;
+	return parents;
+}
+
+void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		clear_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+}
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index a95bd0b..89132df 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
 
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define UNINTERESTING   (1u<<1)
@@ -15,7 +17,8 @@
 #define ADDED		(1u<<7)	/* Parents already parsed and added? */
 #define SYMMETRIC_LEFT	(1u<<8)
 #define PATCHSAME	(1u<<9)
-#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<10)-1)
+#define BOTTOM		(1u<<10)
+#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<11)-1)
 
 #define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
 #define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@
 struct rev_info;
 struct log_info;
 struct string_list;
+struct saved_parents;
 
 struct rev_cmdline_info {
 	unsigned int nr;
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@
 			REV_CMD_PARENTS_ONLY,
 			REV_CMD_LEFT,
 			REV_CMD_RIGHT,
+			REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
 			REV_CMD_REV
 		} whence;
 		unsigned flags;
@@ -60,6 +65,10 @@
 	const char *prefix;
 	const char *def;
 	struct pathspec prune_data;
+
+	/* topo-sort */
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order;
+
 	unsigned int	early_output:1,
 			ignore_missing:1;
 
@@ -70,7 +79,6 @@
 			show_all:1,
 			remove_empty_trees:1,
 			simplify_history:1,
-			lifo:1,
 			topo_order:1,
 			simplify_merges:1,
 			simplify_by_decoration:1,
@@ -96,7 +104,8 @@
 			cherry_mark:1,
 			bisect:1,
 			ancestry_path:1,
-			first_parent_only:1;
+			first_parent_only:1,
+			line_level_traverse:1;
 
 	/* Diff flags */
 	unsigned int	diff:1,
@@ -111,6 +120,7 @@
 
 	/* Format info */
 	unsigned int	shown_one:1,
+			shown_dashes:1,
 			show_merge:1,
 			show_notes:1,
 			show_notes_given:1,
@@ -134,14 +144,17 @@
 	const char	*mime_boundary;
 	const char	*patch_suffix;
 	int		numbered_files;
+	int		reroll_count;
 	char		*message_id;
+	struct ident_split from_ident;
 	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
-	const char	*add_signoff;
+	int		add_signoff;
 	const char	*extra_headers;
 	const char	*log_reencode;
 	const char	*subject_prefix;
 	int		no_inline;
 	int		show_log_size;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
 
 	/* Filter by commit log message */
 	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
@@ -164,6 +177,7 @@
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	struct decoration children;
 	struct decoration merge_simplification;
+	struct decoration treesame;
 
 	/* notes-specific options: which refs to show */
 	struct display_notes_opt notes_opt;
@@ -172,6 +186,12 @@
 	int count_left;
 	int count_right;
 	int count_same;
+
+	/* line level range that we are chasing */
+	struct decoration line_log_data;
+
+	/* copies of the parent lists, for --full-diff display */
+	struct saved_parents *saved_parents_slab;
 };
 
 #define REV_TREE_SAME		0
@@ -192,19 +212,23 @@
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
-extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *);
+extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct setup_revision_opt *);
 extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				 const struct option *options,
-				 const char * const usagestr[]);
+			       const struct option *options,
+			       const char * const usagestr[]);
 #define REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME 01
 #define REVARG_COMMITTISH 02
-extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
+			       int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
 
 extern void reset_revision_walk(void);
 extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
 extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
-extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
-extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			       const struct commit *commit);
+extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			      const struct commit *commit);
 
 extern void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit);
 extern void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree);
@@ -217,15 +241,19 @@
 
 char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name);
 
-extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *);
+extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *,
+				  const struct name_path *, const char *);
 
 extern void add_object(struct object *obj,
 		       struct object_array *p,
 		       struct name_path *path,
 		       const char *name);
 
-extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name);
-extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			       struct object *obj, const char *name);
+extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     unsigned int flags);
 
 extern void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *);
 
@@ -235,7 +263,35 @@
 	commit_error
 };
 
-extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
-extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs,
+					    struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit *commit);
+
+enum rewrite_result {
+	rewrite_one_ok,
+	rewrite_one_noparents,
+	rewrite_one_error
+};
+
+typedef enum rewrite_result (*rewrite_parent_fn_t)(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp);
+
+extern int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent);
+
+/*
+ * Save a copy of the parent list, and return the saved copy.  This is
+ * used by the log machinery to retrieve the original parents when
+ * commit->parents has been modified by history simpification.
+ *
+ * You may only call save_parents() once per commit (this is checked
+ * for non-root commits).
+ *
+ * get_saved_parents() will transparently return commit->parents if
+ * history simplification is off.
+ */
+extern void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 1101ef7..3914d9c 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -72,11 +72,14 @@
 	close(fd[1]);
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static inline void dup_devnull(int to)
 {
 	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	dup2(fd, to);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("open /dev/null failed"));
+	if (dup2(fd, to) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("dup2(%d,%d) failed"), fd, to);
 	close(fd);
 }
 #endif
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@
 		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
 
 	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		nargv[nargc++] = SHELL_PATH;
 #else
 		nargv[nargc++] = "sh";
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@
 	return nargv;
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
 	const char **nargv = prepare_shell_cmd(argv);
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int child_err = 2;
 static int child_notifier = -1;
 
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@
 		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 }
 
-static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0)
 {
 	int status, code = -1;
 	pid_t waiting;
@@ -242,13 +245,14 @@
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 		code = WTERMSIG(status);
-		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT)
+			error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 		/*
 		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 		 * a program that died from this signal.
 		 */
-		code -= 128;
+		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 		/*
@@ -272,7 +276,8 @@
 {
 	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
-	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+	int failed_errno;
+	char *str;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -285,6 +290,7 @@
 			failed_errno = errno;
 			if (cmd->out > 0)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard input";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->in = fdin[1];
@@ -300,6 +306,7 @@
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (cmd->in)
 				close(cmd->in);
+			str = "standard output";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->out = fdout[0];
@@ -317,9 +324,10 @@
 				close_pair(fdout);
 			else if (cmd->out)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard error";
 fail_pipe:
-			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
-				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
+				str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
 			errno = failed_errno;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -329,13 +337,14 @@
 	trace_argv_printf(cmd->argv, "trace: run_command:");
 	fflush(NULL);
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 {
 	int notify_pipe[2];
 	if (pipe(notify_pipe))
 		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 
 	cmd->pid = fork();
+	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (!cmd->pid) {
 		/*
 		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
@@ -397,23 +406,12 @@
 					unsetenv(*cmd->env);
 			}
 		}
-		if (cmd->preexec_cb) {
-			/*
-			 * We cannot predict what the pre-exec callback does.
-			 * Forgo parent notification.
-			 */
-			close(child_notifier);
-			child_notifier = -1;
-
-			cmd->preexec_cb();
-		}
-		if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+		if (cmd->git_cmd)
 			execv_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+		else if (cmd->use_shell)
 			execv_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else {
+		else
 			sane_execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
-		}
 		if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			if (!cmd->silent_exec_failure)
 				error("cannot run %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
@@ -425,7 +423,7 @@
 	}
 	if (cmd->pid < 0)
 		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
-			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+			strerror(errno));
 	else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
@@ -442,13 +440,11 @@
 		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
 		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 		 */
-		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
-			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 		failed_errno = errno;
 		cmd->pid = -1;
 	}
 	close(notify_pipe[0]);
-
 }
 #else
 {
@@ -482,11 +478,10 @@
 	if (cmd->env)
 		env = make_augmented_environ(cmd->env);
 
-	if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+	if (cmd->git_cmd)
 		cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+	else if (cmd->use_shell)
 		cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	}
 
 	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, env, cmd->dir,
 				  fhin, fhout, fherr);
@@ -548,7 +543,7 @@
 
 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 }
 
 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
@@ -593,6 +588,7 @@
 static pthread_t main_thread;
 static int main_thread_set;
 static pthread_key_t async_key;
+static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
 
 static void *run_thread(void *data)
 {
@@ -619,6 +615,14 @@
 
 	exit(128);
 }
+
+static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
+{
+	void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
+	pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
+	return ret != NULL;
+}
+
 #endif
 
 int start_async(struct async *async)
@@ -700,7 +704,9 @@
 		main_thread_set = 1;
 		main_thread = pthread_self();
 		pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
+		pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
 		set_die_routine(die_async);
+		set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
 	}
 
 	if (proc_in >= 0)
@@ -735,7 +741,7 @@
 int finish_async(struct async *async)
 {
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
+	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process");
 #else
 	void *ret = (void *)(intptr_t)(-1);
 
@@ -745,6 +751,15 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+char *find_hook(const char *name)
+{
+	char *path = git_path("hooks/%s", name);
+	if (access(path, X_OK) < 0)
+		path = NULL;
+
+	return path;
+}
+
 int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
 {
 	struct child_process hook;
@@ -754,11 +769,13 @@
 	va_list args;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+	p = find_hook(name);
+	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
+	argv_array_push(&argv, p);
+
 	va_start(args, name);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, git_path("hooks/%s", name));
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
 		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
 	va_end(args);
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 44f7d2b..6b985af 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -39,13 +39,14 @@
 	unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
 	unsigned use_shell:1;
 	unsigned clean_on_exit:1;
-	void (*preexec_cb)(void);
 };
 
 int start_command(struct child_process *);
 int finish_command(struct child_process *);
 int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
+extern char *find_hook(const char *name);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fab62e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
+{
+	char buf[42];
+
+	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return 1;
+
+	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (negative)
+		buf[0] = '^';
+	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
+	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
+ */
+static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
+	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
+	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
+	 */
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"pack-objects",
+		"--all-progress-implied",
+		"--revs",
+		"--stdout",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct child_process po;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 4;
+	if (args->use_thin_pack)
+		argv[i++] = "--thin";
+	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	if (args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "--progress";
+	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
+	po.argv = argv;
+	po.in = -1;
+	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
+	po.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&po))
+		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
+	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
+		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
+			break;
+
+	while (refs) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
+			break;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
+			break;
+		refs = refs->next;
+	}
+
+	close(po.in);
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		while (1) {
+			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+			if (n <= 0)
+				break;
+			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+		free(buf);
+		close(po.out);
+		po.out = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&po))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *hint;
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+	if (prefixcmp(line, "unpack "))
+		return error("did not receive remote status");
+	if (strcmp(line, "unpack ok")) {
+		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	hint = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname;
+		char *msg;
+		line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+		if (!line)
+			break;
+		if (prefixcmp(line, "ok ") && prefixcmp(line, "ng ")) {
+			error("invalid ref status from remote: %s", line);
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		refname = line + 3;
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg)
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+
+		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
+		if (hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
+		if (!hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
+		if (!hint) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else {
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (msg)
+			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
+		/* start our next search from the next ref */
+		hint = hint->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *fd = data, ret;
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	close(fd[1]);
+#endif
+	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs,
+	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+{
+	int in = fd[0];
+	int out = fd[1];
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int new_refs;
+	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
+	int status_report = 0;
+	int use_sideband = 0;
+	int quiet_supported = 0;
+	int agent_supported = 0;
+	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
+	int ret;
+	struct async demux;
+
+	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
+	if (server_supports("report-status"))
+		status_report = 1;
+	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
+		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
+		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	if (server_supports("quiet"))
+		quiet_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("agent"))
+		agent_supported = 1;
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, tell the other end!
+	 */
+	new_refs = 0;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			continue;
+		default:
+			; /* do nothing */
+		}
+
+		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!ref->deletion)
+			new_refs++;
+
+		if (args->dry_run) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		} else {
+			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
+			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
+			int quiet = quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress);
+
+			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband ||
+					   quiet || agent_supported)) {
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf,
+						 "%s %s %s%c%s%s%s%s%s",
+						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
+						 status_report ? " report-status" : "",
+						 use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "",
+						 quiet ? " quiet" : "",
+						 agent_supported ? " agent=" : "",
+						 agent_supported ? git_user_agent_sanitized() : ""
+						);
+			}
+			else
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
+						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
+			ref->status = status_report ?
+				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
+				REF_STATUS_OK;
+			cmds_sent++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+	} else {
+		write_or_die(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		packet_flush(out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = fd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
+		in = demux.out;
+	}
+
+	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
+		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				close(out);
+			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
+				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
+			if (use_sideband)
+				finish_async(&demux);
+			fd[1] = -1;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+			/* Closed by pack_objects() via start_command() */
+			fd[1] = -1;
+	}
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
+		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
+			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		close(demux.out);
+	}
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (args->porcelain)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 73c396b..06e52b4 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -18,6 +18,89 @@
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
 const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
+
+static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = buf[i];
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
+	 */
+	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
+		!prefixcmp(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
+ * Returns 1 for conforming footer
+ * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
+ * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
+ */
+static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
+	int ignore_footer)
+{
+	char prev;
+	int i, k;
+	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+	int found_sob = 0;
+
+	/* footer must end with newline */
+	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	prev = '\0';
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		char ch = buf[i];
+		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
+			break;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* require at least one blank line */
+	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		int found_rfc2822;
+
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
+		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
+		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
+			found_sob = k;
+
+		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
+		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (found_sob == i)
+		return 3;
+	if (found_sob)
+		return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
 
 static void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 {
@@ -133,7 +216,7 @@
 	if (msg) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
 		/*
-		 * A conflict has occured but the porcelain
+		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
 		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
 		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
 		 */
@@ -186,15 +269,22 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from)
+static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
+			int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
 
 	read_cache();
-	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to))
+	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
 		exit(1); /* the callee should have complained already */
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", from, 0);
-	return write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, "cherry-pick");
+	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", unborn ? null_sha1 : from,
+					   0, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: fast-forward", action_name(opts));
+	ret = write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
@@ -236,13 +326,13 @@
 	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 
 	if (opts->signoff)
-		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0);
+		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
 
 	if (!clean) {
 		int i;
 		strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, "\nConflicts:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
 			if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\t');
 				strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, ce->name);
@@ -282,8 +372,9 @@
 		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
-		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree, active_cache,
-				  active_nr, 0))
+		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
+				      (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+				      active_nr, 0))
 			return error(_("Unable to update cache tree\n"));
 
 	return !hashcmp(active_cache_tree->sha1, head_commit->tree->object.sha1);
@@ -390,7 +481,7 @@
 	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char *defmsg = NULL;
 	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int res;
+	int res, unborn = 0, allow;
 
 	if (opts->no_commit) {
 		/*
@@ -402,9 +493,10 @@
 		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
 			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
 	} else {
-		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-			return error(_("You do not have a valid HEAD"));
-		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
+		if (unborn)
+			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0))
 			return error_dirty_index(opts);
 	}
 	discard_cache();
@@ -435,8 +527,10 @@
 	else
 		parent = commit->parents->item;
 
-	if (opts->allow_ff && parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head))
-		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head);
+	if (opts->allow_ff &&
+	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head)) ||
+	     (!parent && unborn)))
+		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head, unborn, opts);
 
 	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
 		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
@@ -492,7 +586,9 @@
 		}
 
 		if (opts->record_origin) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "(cherry picked from commit ");
+			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
+				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
 		}
@@ -535,14 +631,18 @@
 		      msg.subject);
 		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
 		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
-	} else {
-		int allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
-		if (allow < 0)
-			return allow;
-		if (!opts->no_commit)
-			res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
+		goto leave;
 	}
 
+	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
+	if (allow < 0) {
+		res = allow;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+	if (!opts->no_commit)
+		res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
+
+leave:
 	free_message(&msg);
 	free(defmsg);
 
@@ -958,6 +1058,7 @@
 {
 	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
 
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
 		assert(opts->revs);
@@ -978,6 +1079,23 @@
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
 		return sequencer_continue(opts);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+
+		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
+		if (!strlen(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
+				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+				die(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"), name, typename(type));
+			}
+		} else
+			die(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
 	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
@@ -1017,62 +1135,67 @@
 	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
 }
 
-static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb, int ignore_footer)
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
 {
-	int ch;
-	int hit = 0;
-	int i, j, k;
-	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
-	int first = 1;
-	const char *buf = sb->buf;
-
-	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
-	}
-
-	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
-		i++;
-
-	for (; i < len; i = k) {
-		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		k++;
-
-		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
-			continue;
-
-		first = 0;
-
-		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
-			ch = buf[i + j];
-			if (ch == ':')
-				break;
-			if (isalnum(ch) ||
-			    (ch == '-'))
-				continue;
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer)
-{
+	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
 	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int i;
+	int has_footer;
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
 	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
-	for (i = msgbuf->len - 1 - ignore_footer; i > 0 && msgbuf->buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (prefixcmp(msgbuf->buf + i, sob.buf)) {
-		if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(msgbuf, ignore_footer))
-			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0, "\n", 1);
-		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0, sob.buf, sob.len);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
+	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
+	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
+		has_footer = 3;
+	else
+		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);
+
+	if (!has_footer) {
+		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
+		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;
+
+		if (!len) {
+			/*
+			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
+			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
+			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
+			 * the message body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (len == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
+			 * body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */
+
+		if (append_newlines)
+			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
 	}
+
+	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
+		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				sob.buf, sob.len);
+
 	strbuf_release(&sob);
 }
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index 9d57d57..1fc22dc 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #define SEQ_TODO_FILE	"sequencer/todo"
 #define SEQ_OPTS_FILE	"sequencer/opts"
 
+#define APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP (1u << 0)
+
 enum replay_action {
 	REPLAY_REVERT,
 	REPLAY_PICK
@@ -48,6 +50,6 @@
 
 extern const char sign_off_header[];
 
-void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer);
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 3a1b2fd..5432a31 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 
-static char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+/*
+ * Normalize "path", prepending the "prefix" for relative paths. If
+ * remaining_prefix is not NULL, return the actual prefix still
+ * remains in the path. For example, prefix = sub1/sub2/ and path is
+ *
+ *  foo          -> sub1/sub2/foo  (full prefix)
+ *  ../foo       -> sub1/foo       (remaining prefix is sub1/)
+ *  ../../bar    -> bar            (no remaining prefix)
+ *  ../../sub1/sub2/foo -> sub1/sub2/foo (but no remaining prefix)
+ *  `pwd`/../bar -> sub1/bar       (no remaining prefix)
+ */
+char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
+			 int *remaining_prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized;
@@ -12,13 +25,17 @@
 		const char *temp = real_path(path);
 		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(temp) + 1);
 		strcpy(sanitized, temp);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = 0;
 	} else {
 		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
 		if (len)
 			memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
 		strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = len;
 	}
-	if (normalize_path_copy(sanitized, sanitized))
+	if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix))
 		goto error_out;
 	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
 		size_t root_len, len, total;
@@ -43,7 +60,7 @@
 
 char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 {
-	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
 	if (!r)
 		die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
 	return r;
@@ -52,7 +69,7 @@
 int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, path);
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
 	if (r) {
 		free(r);
 		return 1;
@@ -65,7 +82,14 @@
 	const char *name;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, ":/")) {
+		if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+			return 1;
+		name = arg + 2;
+	} else if (prefix)
+		name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
+	else
+		name = arg;
 	if (!lstat(name, &st))
 		return 1; /* file exists */
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
@@ -146,134 +170,6 @@
 	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Magic pathspec
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: These need to be moved to dir.h or even to a new
- * pathspec.h when we restructure get_pathspec() users to use the
- * "struct pathspec" interface.
- *
- * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
- *
- *	{ PATHSPEC_NOGLOB, '!', "noglob" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE, '\0', "icase" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
- *
- */
-#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP    (1<<0)
-
-static struct pathspec_magic {
-	unsigned bit;
-	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
-	const char *name;
-} pathspec_magic[] = {
-	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
-};
-
-/*
- * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
- * Append the result to the prefix.
- *
- * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
- * "top" magic.
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
- * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
- * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
- * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
- * string cannot express such a case.
- */
-static const char *prefix_pathspec(const char *prefix, int prefixlen, const char *elt)
-{
-	unsigned magic = 0;
-	const char *copyfrom = elt;
-	int i;
-
-	if (elt[0] != ':') {
-		; /* nothing to do */
-	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
-		/* longhand */
-		const char *nextat;
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
-		     copyfrom = nextat) {
-			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
-			if (copyfrom[len] == ')')
-				nextat = copyfrom + len;
-			else
-				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
-			if (!len)
-				continue;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
-				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'",
-				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ')')
-			copyfrom++;
-	} else {
-		/* shorthand */
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
-		     copyfrom++) {
-			char ch = *copyfrom;
-
-			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
-				break;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'",
-				    ch, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ':')
-			copyfrom++;
-	}
-
-	if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP)
-		return xstrdup(copyfrom);
-	else
-		return prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, copyfrom);
-}
-
-const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
-{
-	const char *entry = *pathspec;
-	const char **src, **dst;
-	int prefixlen;
-
-	if (!prefix && !entry)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!entry) {
-		static const char *spec[2];
-		spec[0] = prefix;
-		spec[1] = NULL;
-		return spec;
-	}
-
-	/* Otherwise we have to re-write the entries.. */
-	src = pathspec;
-	dst = pathspec;
-	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	while (*src) {
-		*(dst++) = prefix_pathspec(prefix, prefixlen, *src);
-		src++;
-	}
-	*dst = NULL;
-	if (!*pathspec)
-		return NULL;
-	return pathspec;
-}
 
 /*
  * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
@@ -350,7 +246,7 @@
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
 		setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
 
-	set_git_dir(relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
+	set_git_dir(remove_leading_path(git_dir, work_tree));
 	initialized = 1;
 }
 
@@ -496,6 +392,12 @@
 			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
 		}
 	}
+	else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
+		/* #16d */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	else /* #2, #10 */
 		set_git_work_tree(".");
 
@@ -574,6 +476,8 @@
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
 		return NULL;
 
+	setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
 		const char *gitdir;
@@ -621,16 +525,48 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
+ * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_path_if_valid(), or
+ * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
+ * subsequent entries.
+ */
+static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
+				      void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil) {
+		*empty_entry_found = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (*empty_entry_found) {
+		/* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
+		if (!real_path)
+			return 0;
+		free(item->string);
+		item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
-	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
+	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static char cwd[PATH_MAX + 1];
 	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
 	char *gitfile;
-	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset;
+	int len, offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
 
@@ -642,7 +578,7 @@
 	if (nongit_ok)
 		*nongit_ok = 0;
 
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd) - 1))
 		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
 	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
 
@@ -655,7 +591,16 @@
 	if (gitdirenv)
 		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
 
-	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
+	if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
+		int empty_entry_found = 0;
+
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
+		ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+	}
+
 	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
 		ceil_offset = 1;
 
@@ -726,9 +671,9 @@
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
 	if (prefix)
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", prefix, 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
 	else
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", "", 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
 
 	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
@@ -830,3 +775,15 @@
 		return suspect;
 	return read_gitfile(suspect);
 }
+
+/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
+void sanitize_stdfds(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
+	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
+		fd = dup(fd);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+	if (fd > 2)
+		close(fd);
+}
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.c b/sha1-lookup.c
index c4dc55d..2dd8515 100644
--- a/sha1-lookup.c
+++ b/sha1-lookup.c
@@ -204,7 +204,54 @@
 			 * byte 0 thru (ofs-1) are the same between
 			 * lo and hi; ofs is the first byte that is
 			 * different.
+			 *
+			 * If ofs==20, then no bytes are different,
+			 * meaning we have entries with duplicate
+			 * keys. We know that we are in a solid run
+			 * of this entry (because the entries are
+			 * sorted, and our lo and hi are the same,
+			 * there can be nothing but this single key
+			 * in between). So we can stop the search.
+			 * Either one of these entries is it (and
+			 * we do not care which), or we do not have
+			 * it.
+			 *
+			 * Furthermore, we know that one of our
+			 * endpoints must be the edge of the run of
+			 * duplicates. For example, given this
+			 * sequence:
+			 *
+			 *     idx 0 1 2 3 4 5
+			 *     key A C C C C D
+			 *
+			 * If we are searching for "B", we might
+			 * hit the duplicate run at lo=1, hi=3
+			 * (e.g., by first mi=3, then mi=0). But we
+			 * can never have lo > 1, because B < C.
+			 * That is, if our key is less than the
+			 * run, we know that "lo" is the edge, but
+			 * we can say nothing of "hi". Similarly,
+			 * if our key is greater than the run, we
+			 * know that "hi" is the edge, but we can
+			 * say nothing of "lo".
+			 *
+			 * Therefore if we do not find it, we also
+			 * know where it would go if it did exist:
+			 * just on the far side of the edge that we
+			 * know about.
 			 */
+			if (ofs == 20) {
+				mi = lo;
+				mi_key = base + elem_size * mi + key_offset;
+				cmp = memcmp(mi_key, key, 20);
+				if (!cmp)
+					return mi;
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					return -1 - hi;
+				else
+					return -1 - lo;
+			}
+
 			hiv = hi_key[ofs_0];
 			if (ofs_0 < 19)
 				hiv = (hiv << 8) | hi_key[ofs_0+1];
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index 9152974..06c809a 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * creation etc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
@@ -34,6 +36,9 @@
 
 const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
 
+static const char *no_log_pack_access = "no_log_pack_access";
+static const char *log_pack_access;
+
 /*
  * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
  * want read_sha1_file() to be able to return, but yet you do not want
@@ -122,8 +127,13 @@
 			}
 		}
 		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -1;
+			if (errno == EEXIST &&
+			    !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+			} else {
+				*pos = '/';
+				return -1;
+			}
 		}
 		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
 			*pos = '/';
@@ -246,7 +256,7 @@
  * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
  * terminating NUL.
  */
-static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char *entry, const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
 	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
@@ -258,7 +268,7 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, real_path(relative_base));
 		strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&pathbuf, entry, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, entry);
 
 	normalize_path_copy(pathbuf.buf, pathbuf.buf);
 
@@ -316,10 +326,12 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, int len, int sep,
 				 const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
-	const char *cp, *last;
+	struct string_list entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *alt_copy;
+	int i;
 
 	if (depth > 5) {
 		error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
@@ -327,30 +339,21 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	last = alt;
-	while (last < ep) {
-		cp = last;
-		if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
-			while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-				cp++;
-			last = cp + 1;
+	alt_copy = xmemdupz(alt, len);
+	string_list_split_in_place(&entries, alt_copy, sep, -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < entries.nr; i++) {
+		const char *entry = entries.items[i].string;
+		if (entry[0] == '\0' || entry[0] == '#')
 			continue;
+		if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && depth) {
+			error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+					relative_base, entry);
+		} else {
+			link_alt_odb_entry(entry, relative_base, depth);
 		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-			cp++;
-		if (last != cp) {
-			if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
-				error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
-						relative_base, last);
-			} else {
-				link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
-						relative_base, depth);
-			}
-		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
-			cp++;
-		last = cp;
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&entries, 0);
+	free(alt_copy);
 }
 
 void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
@@ -377,7 +380,7 @@
 	map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
 
-	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(map, mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
 	munmap(map, mapsz);
 }
@@ -391,7 +394,7 @@
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock))
 		die("could not close alternates file");
 	if (alt_odb_tail)
-		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
 }
 
 void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
@@ -415,7 +418,7 @@
 	if (!alt) alt = "";
 
 	alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
-	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
 
 	read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
 }
@@ -611,7 +614,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
 	struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
@@ -625,15 +628,8 @@
 		pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
 		if (lru_l)
 			lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
-		else {
+		else
 			lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
-			if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != -1
-				&& lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
-				close(lru_p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-				lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
-			}
-		}
 		free(lru_w);
 		pack_open_windows--;
 		return 1;
@@ -641,10 +637,10 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need)
 {
 	size_t cur = pack_mapped;
-	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL))
 		; /* nothing */
 }
 
@@ -655,7 +651,7 @@
 	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
 		if (!length)
 			return NULL;
-		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		release_pack_memory(length);
 		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
 			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
@@ -679,6 +675,83 @@
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * The LRU pack is the one with the oldest MRU window, preferring packs
+ * with no used windows, or the oldest mtime if it has no windows allocated.
+ */
+static void find_lru_pack(struct packed_git *p, struct packed_git **lru_p, struct pack_window **mru_w, int *accept_windows_inuse)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w, *this_mru_w;
+	int has_windows_inuse = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject this pack if it has windows and the previously selected
+	 * one does not.  If this pack does not have windows, reject
+	 * it if the pack file is newer than the previously selected one.
+	 */
+	if (*lru_p && !*mru_w && (p->windows || p->mtime > (*lru_p)->mtime))
+		return;
+
+	for (w = this_mru_w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if any of its windows are in use,
+		 * but the previously selected pack did not have any
+		 * inuse windows.  Otherwise, record that this pack
+		 * has windows in use.
+		 */
+		if (w->inuse_cnt) {
+			if (*accept_windows_inuse)
+				has_windows_inuse = 1;
+			else
+				return;
+		}
+
+		if (w->last_used > this_mru_w->last_used)
+			this_mru_w = w;
+
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if it has windows that have been
+		 * used more recently than the previously selected pack.
+		 * If the previously selected pack had windows inuse and
+		 * we have not encountered a window in this pack that is
+		 * inuse, skip this check since we prefer a pack with no
+		 * inuse windows to one that has inuse windows.
+		 */
+		if (*mru_w && *accept_windows_inuse == has_windows_inuse &&
+		    this_mru_w->last_used > (*mru_w)->last_used)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Select this pack.
+	 */
+	*mru_w = this_mru_w;
+	*lru_p = p;
+	*accept_windows_inuse = has_windows_inuse;
+}
+
+static int close_one_pack(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+	struct pack_window *mru_w = NULL;
+	int accept_windows_inuse = 1;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_fd == -1)
+			continue;
+		find_lru_pack(p, &lru_p, &mru_w, &accept_windows_inuse);
+	}
+
+	if (lru_p) {
+		close(lru_p->pack_fd);
+		pack_open_fds--;
+		lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
@@ -734,15 +807,38 @@
 static unsigned int get_max_fd_limit(void)
 {
 #ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
-	struct rlimit lim;
+	{
+		struct rlimit lim;
 
-	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
-		die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
+		if (!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
+			return lim.rlim_cur;
+	}
+#endif
 
-	return lim.rlim_cur;
-#elif defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
-	return sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
-#elif defined(OPEN_MAX)
+#ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
+	{
+		long open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+		if (0 < open_max)
+			return open_max;
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we got -1 for one of the two
+		 * reasons:
+		 *
+		 * (1) sysconf() did not understand _SC_OPEN_MAX
+		 *     and signaled an error with -1; or
+		 * (2) sysconf() said there is no limit.
+		 *
+		 * We _could_ clear errno before calling sysconf() to
+		 * tell these two cases apart and return a huge number
+		 * in the latter case to let the caller cap it to a
+		 * value that is not so selfish, but letting the
+		 * fallback OPEN_MAX codepath take care of these cases
+		 * is a lot simpler.
+		 */
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef OPEN_MAX
 	return OPEN_MAX;
 #else
 	return 1; /* see the caller ;-) */
@@ -774,7 +870,7 @@
 			pack_max_fds = 1;
 	}
 
-	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
+	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && close_one_pack())
 		; /* nothing */
 
 	p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name);
@@ -890,7 +986,7 @@
 			win->len = (size_t)len;
 			pack_mapped += win->len;
 			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
-				&& unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+				&& unuse_one_window(p))
 				; /* nothing */
 			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
 				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
@@ -936,7 +1032,7 @@
 
 static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
 {
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 }
 
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
@@ -1006,6 +1102,63 @@
 	packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+			  int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+	const char *msg;
+	switch (seen_bits) {
+	case 0:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx nor .pack";
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx";
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		msg = "no corresponding .pack";
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	for (; first < last; first++)
+		report_garbage(msg, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+	if (!report_garbage)
+		return;
+
+	sort_string_list(list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+		if (baselen != -1 &&
+		    strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+			report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+			baselen = -1;
+			seen_bits = 0;
+		}
+		if (baselen == -1) {
+			const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+			if (!dot) {
+				report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			baselen = dot - path + 1;
+			first = i;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+			seen_bits |= 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+			seen_bits |= 2;
+	}
+	report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
 	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
@@ -1015,6 +1168,7 @@
 	int len;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *de;
+	struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
 	len = strlen(path);
@@ -1030,29 +1184,49 @@
 		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
 		struct packed_git *p;
 
-		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
+		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path)) {
+			if (report_garbage) {
+				struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s", len - 1, path, de->d_name);
+				report_garbage("path too long", sb.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&sb);
+			}
 			continue;
-
-		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
-			continue;
-
-		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
-		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-				break;
 		}
-		if (p)
+
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
-		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-		 * .pack file that we can map.
-		 */
-		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-		if (!p)
+
+		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx")) {
+			/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+			for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+				if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (p == NULL &&
+			    /*
+			     * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+			     * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+			     */
+			    (p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local)) != NULL)
+				install_packed_git(p);
+		}
+
+		if (!report_garbage)
 			continue;
-		install_packed_git(p);
+
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+		    has_extension(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+			string_list_append(&garbage, path);
+		else
+			report_garbage("garbage found", path);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+	report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+	string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -1193,6 +1367,10 @@
 		char buf[1024 * 16];
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0) {
+			close_istream(st);
+			return -1;
+		}
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
@@ -1221,6 +1399,26 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int stat_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
+{
+	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	if (!lstat(name, st))
+		return 0;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		name = alt->name;
+		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+		if (!lstat(alt->base, st))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
@@ -1566,50 +1764,6 @@
 	return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype);
-
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
-			     off_t curpos,
-			     enum object_type type,
-			     off_t obj_offset,
-			     unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset)
-		return OBJ_BAD;
-	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL, NULL);
-	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-	 * inflate() calls.
-	 */
-	if (sizep) {
-		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-		if (*sizep == 0)
-			type = OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	return type;
-}
-
 int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 			 struct pack_window **w_curs,
 			 off_t *curpos,
@@ -1636,36 +1790,138 @@
 	return type;
 }
 
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype)
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-	unsigned long size;
-	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	enum object_type type;
+	int type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	if (!revidx)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	return type;
+}
 
-	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
-	if (rtype)
-		*rtype = type; /* representation type */
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
+static enum object_type packed_to_object_type(struct packed_git *p,
+					      off_t obj_offset,
+					      enum object_type type,
+					      struct pack_window **w_curs,
+					      off_t curpos)
+{
+	off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+	int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
+
+	while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		unsigned long size;
+		/* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+			poi_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+		/* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset)
+			goto unwind;
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+			/* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+			 * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+			type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+			if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+				goto out;
+			goto unwind;
+		}
+	}
 
 	switch (type) {
-	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
-		break;
+	case OBJ_BAD:
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		if (sizep)
-			*sizep = size;
 		break;
 	default:
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
 		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 		type = OBJ_BAD;
 	}
+
+out:
+	if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+		free(poi_stack);
+	return type;
+
+unwind:
+	while (poi_stack_nr) {
+		obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+		type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+		if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	type = OBJ_BAD;
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+			      struct object_info *oi)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We always get the representation type, but only convert it to
+	 * a "real" type later if the caller is interested.
+	 */
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+	if (oi->sizep) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+			off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+							   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base_offset) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			*oi->sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+			if (*oi->sizep == 0) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			*oi->sizep = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+		*oi->disk_sizep = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+	}
+
+	if (oi->typep) {
+		*oi->typep = packed_to_object_type(p, obj_offset, type, &w_curs, curpos);
+		if (*oi->typep < 0) {
+			type = OBJ_BAD;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return type;
 }
@@ -1729,32 +1985,51 @@
 	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
-static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+				     struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
 	return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
 }
 
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+	return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	ent->data = NULL;
+	ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+	ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+	delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
 	void *ret;
-	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-	ret = ent->data;
-	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+	if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
 		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-	if (!keep_cache) {
-		ent->data = NULL;
-		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-	} else {
+	ret = ent->data;
+
+	if (!keep_cache)
+		clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+	else
 		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-	}
 	*type = ent->type;
 	*base_size = ent->size;
 	return ret;
@@ -1818,78 +2093,23 @@
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
 			 unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-				struct pack_window **w_curs,
-				off_t curpos,
-				unsigned long delta_size,
-				off_t obj_offset,
-				enum object_type *type,
-				unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-	unsigned long base_size;
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset) {
-		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	unuse_pack(w_curs);
-	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-	if (!base) {
-		/*
-		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-		 */
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return NULL;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-		      p->pack_name);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-		if (!base)
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-	if (!delta_data) {
-		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		free(base);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-			     delta_data, delta_size,
-			     sizep);
-	if (!result)
-		die("failed to apply delta");
-	free(delta_data);
-	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
 	static FILE *log_file;
 
+	if (!log_pack_access)
+		log_pack_access = getenv("GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS");
+	if (!log_pack_access)
+		log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
+	if (log_pack_access == no_log_pack_access)
+		return;
+
 	if (!log_file) {
 		log_file = fopen(log_pack_access, "w");
 		if (!log_file) {
 			error("cannot open pack access log '%s' for writing: %s",
 			      log_pack_access, strerror(errno));
-			log_pack_access = NULL;
+			log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1900,48 +2120,187 @@
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+	off_t obj_offset;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+		   enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	void *data;
+	void *data = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+	int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+	int base_from_cache = 0;
 
-	if (log_pack_access)
+	if (log_pack_access != no_log_pack_access)
 		write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
 
-	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-			const unsigned char *sha1 =
-				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			return NULL;
+	/* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+	for (;;) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		int i;
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+		ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+		if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+			type = ent->type;
+			data = ent->data;
+			size = ent->size;
+			clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+			base_from_cache = 1;
+			break;
 		}
+
+		if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+				const unsigned char *sha1 =
+					nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			break;
+
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset) {
+			error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			/* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+			data = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* push object, proceed to base */
+		if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+			delta_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		i = delta_stack_nr++;
+		delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+		delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+		delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
 	}
 
-	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-	switch (*type) {
+	/* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		if (data)
+			die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		if (!base_from_cache)
+			data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
 		break;
 	default:
 		data = NULL;
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 	}
+
+	/* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+	/* invariants:
+	 *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+	 */
+	while (delta_stack_nr) {
+		void *delta_data;
+		void *base = data;
+		unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+		int i;
+
+		data = NULL;
+
+		if (base)
+			add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+		if (!base) {
+			/*
+			 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+			 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+			 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+			 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+			 */
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+			const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+			revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			if (revidx) {
+				base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+				      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+				      p->pack_name);
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+				base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		i = --delta_stack_nr;
+		obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+		curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+		delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+
+		delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+		if (!delta_data) {
+			error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			data = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+				   delta_data, delta_size,
+				   &size);
+
+		/*
+		 * We could not apply the delta; warn the user, but keep going.
+		 * Our failure will be noticed either in the next iteration of
+		 * the loop, or if this is the final delta, in the caller when
+		 * we return NULL. Those code paths will take care of making
+		 * a more explicit warning and retrying with another copy of
+		 * the object.
+		 */
+		if (!data)
+			error("failed to apply delta");
+
+		free(delta_data);
+	}
+
+	*final_type = type;
+	*final_size = size;
+
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return data;
 }
@@ -2136,7 +2495,8 @@
 
 }
 
-static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct object_info *oi)
 {
 	int status;
 	unsigned long mapsize, size;
@@ -2144,54 +2504,77 @@
 	git_zstream stream;
 	char hdr[32];
 
+	/*
+	 * If we don't care about type or size, then we don't
+	 * need to look inside the object at all. Note that we
+	 * do not optimize out the stat call, even if the
+	 * caller doesn't care about the disk-size, since our
+	 * return value implicitly indicates whether the
+	 * object even exists.
+	 */
+	if (!oi->typep && !oi->sizep) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (stat_sha1_file(sha1, &st) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*oi->disk_sizep = st.st_size;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
 	if (!map)
-		return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return -1;
+	if (oi->disk_sizep)
+		*oi->disk_sizep = mapsize;
 	if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
 			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	else if (sizep)
-		*sizep = size;
+	else if (oi->sizep)
+		*oi->sizep = size;
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	munmap(map, mapsize);
-	return status;
+	if (oi->typep)
+		*oi->typep = status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/* returns enum object_type or negative */
 int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 {
 	struct cached_object *co;
 	struct pack_entry e;
-	int status, rtype;
+	int rtype;
 
 	co = find_cached_object(sha1);
 	if (co) {
+		if (oi->typep)
+			*(oi->typep) = co->type;
 		if (oi->sizep)
 			*(oi->sizep) = co->size;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*(oi->disk_sizep) = 0;
 		oi->whence = OI_CACHED;
-		return co->type;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
 		/* Most likely it's a loose object. */
-		status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi->sizep);
-		if (status >= 0) {
+		if (!sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi)) {
 			oi->whence = OI_LOOSE;
-			return status;
+			return 0;
 		}
 
 		/* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
 		reprepare_packed_git();
 		if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
-			return status;
+			return -1;
 	}
 
-	status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi->sizep, &rtype);
-	if (status < 0) {
+	rtype = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi);
+	if (rtype < 0) {
 		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
-		status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+		return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
 	} else if (in_delta_base_cache(e.p, e.offset)) {
 		oi->whence = OI_DBCACHED;
 	} else {
@@ -2202,15 +2585,20 @@
 					 rtype == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
 	}
 
-	return status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
+/* returns enum object_type or negative */
 int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
-	struct object_info oi;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 
+	oi.typep = &type;
 	oi.sizep = sizep;
-	return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi);
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return type;
 }
 
 static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2495,7 +2883,9 @@
 		/* Make sure the directory exists */
 		memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
 		buffer[dirlen-1] = 0;
-		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) || adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
+		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) && errno != EEXIST)
+			return -1;
+		if (adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
 			return -1;
 
 		/* Try again */
@@ -2633,7 +3023,10 @@
 
 	if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
 		return 1;
-	return has_loose_object(sha1);
+	if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+		return 1;
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
 }
 
 static void check_tree(const void *buf, size_t size)
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 95003c7..15854e3 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!ds->candidate_ok) {
-		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisify fn */
+		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisfy fn */
 		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
 		ds->candidate_checked = 0;
 		return;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
-	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	obj = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
 	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -343,7 +343,6 @@
 	return status;
 }
 
-
 int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char hex_pfx[40];
@@ -431,22 +430,51 @@
 }
 
 static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags);
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf);
 
 static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static const char *warn_msg = "refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.";
+	static const char *object_name_msg = N_(
+	"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+	"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+	"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+	"\n"
+	"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+	"\n"
+	"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+	"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+	"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"");
+	unsigned char tmp_sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref = NULL;
 	int refs_found = 0;
-	int at, reflog_len;
+	int at, reflog_len, nth_prior = 0;
 
-	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
+	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1)) {
+		if (warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity) {
+			refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, tmp_sha1, &real_ref);
+			if (refs_found > 0 && warn_ambiguous_refs) {
+				warning(warn_msg, len, str);
+				if (advice_object_name_warning)
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _(object_name_msg));
+			}
+			free(real_ref);
+		}
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/* basic@{time or number or -number} format to query ref-log */
 	reflog_len = at = 0;
 	if (len && str[len-1] == '}') {
-		for (at = len-2; at >= 0; at--) {
+		for (at = len-4; at >= 0; at--) {
 			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
+				if (str[at+2] == '-') {
+					if (at != 0)
+						/* @{-N} not at start */
+						return -1;
+					nth_prior = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
 				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
 					reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
 					len = at;
@@ -460,20 +488,22 @@
 	if (len && ambiguous_path(str, len))
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!len && reflog_len) {
+	if (nth_prior) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int ret;
-		/* try the @{-N} syntax for n-th checkout */
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
-			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1, 0);
-		} else if (ret == 0) {
-			return -1;
+		int detached;
+
+		if (interpret_nth_prior_checkout(str, len, &buf) > 0) {
+			detached = (buf.len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1));
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			if (detached)
+				return 0;
 		}
+	}
+
+	if (!len && reflog_len)
 		/* allow "@{...}" to mean the current branch reflog */
 		refs_found = dwim_ref("HEAD", 4, sha1, &real_ref);
-	} else if (reflog_len)
+	else if (reflog_len)
 		refs_found = dwim_log(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
 	else
 		refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
@@ -481,7 +511,9 @@
 	if (!refs_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
+	if (warn_ambiguous_refs &&
+	    (refs_found > 1 ||
+	     !get_short_sha1(str, len, tmp_sha1, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)))
 		warning(warn_msg, len, str);
 
 	if (reflog_len) {
@@ -490,10 +522,6 @@
 		unsigned long co_time;
 		int co_tz, co_cnt;
 
-		/* a @{-N} placed anywhere except the start is an error */
-		if (str[at+2] == '-')
-			return -1;
-
 		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
 		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
 			char ch = str[at+2+i];
@@ -517,12 +545,21 @@
 		}
 		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
 				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
+			if (!len) {
+				if (!prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+					str = real_ref + 11;
+					len = strlen(real_ref + 11);
+				} else {
+					/* detached HEAD */
+					str = "HEAD";
+					len = 4;
+				}
+			}
 			if (at_time)
 				warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
 					"back to %s.", len, str,
 					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
 			else {
-				free(real_ref);
 				die("Log for '%.*s' only has %d entries.",
 				    len, str, co_cnt);
 			}
@@ -594,7 +631,7 @@
 	while (1) {
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return NULL;
-		if (o->type == expected_type)
+		if (expected_type == OBJ_ANY || o->type == expected_type)
 			return o;
 		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
@@ -639,12 +676,16 @@
 		return -1;
 
 	sp++; /* beginning of type name, or closing brace for empty */
-	if (!strncmp(commit_type, sp, 6) && sp[6] == '}')
+	if (!prefixcmp(sp, "commit}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	else if (!strncmp(tree_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "tag}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_TAG;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "tree}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
-	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "blob}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sp, "object}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_ANY;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
 	else if (sp[0] == '/')
@@ -654,6 +695,8 @@
 
 	if (expected_type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+	else if (expected_type == OBJ_TREE)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_TREEISH;
 
 	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer, lookup_flags))
 		return -1;
@@ -856,8 +899,8 @@
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
-	long cnt, alloc;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
+	int remaining;
+	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
 static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
@@ -867,7 +910,6 @@
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
 	size_t len;
-	int nth;
 
 	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
 		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
@@ -876,11 +918,12 @@
 
 	if (!match || !target)
 		return 0;
-
-	len = target - match;
-	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
-	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
-	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	if (--(cb->remaining) == 0) {
+		len = target - match;
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_add(&cb->buf, match, len);
+		return 1; /* we are done */
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -888,47 +931,38 @@
  * Parse @{-N} syntax, return the number of characters parsed
  * if successful; otherwise signal an error with negative value.
  */
-static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen,
+					struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	long nth;
-	int i, retval;
+	int retval;
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
 	const char *brace;
 	char *num_end;
 
+	if (namelen < 4)
+		return -1;
 	if (name[0] != '@' || name[1] != '{' || name[2] != '-')
 		return -1;
-	brace = strchr(name, '}');
+	brace = memchr(name, '}', namelen);
 	if (!brace)
 		return -1;
-	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	nth = strtol(name + 3, &num_end, 10);
 	if (num_end != brace)
 		return -1;
 	if (nth <= 0)
 		return -1;
-	cb.alloc = nth;
-	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
-	cb.cnt = 0;
+	cb.remaining = nth;
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 20);
+
 	retval = 0;
-	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
-	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
-		cb.cnt = 0;
-		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	if (0 < for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb)) {
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len);
+		retval = brace - name + 1;
 	}
-	if (cb.cnt < nth)
-		goto release_return;
-	i = cb.cnt % nth;
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
-	retval = brace-name+1;
 
-release_return:
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
-	free(cb.buf);
-
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -974,6 +1008,100 @@
 	return st;
 }
 
+/* parse @something syntax, when 'something' is not {.*} */
+static int interpret_empty_at(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (len || name[1] == '{')
+		return -1;
+
+	/* make sure it's a single @, or @@{.*}, not @foo */
+	next = memchr(name + len + 1, '@', namelen - len - 1);
+	if (next && next[1] != '{')
+		return -1;
+	if (!next)
+		next = name + namelen;
+	if (next != name + 1)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_add(buf, "HEAD", 4);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int reinterpret(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int used = buf->len;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
+	ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, buf->len, &tmp);
+	/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		return len;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
+	strbuf_release(&tmp);
+	/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
+	return ret - used + len;
+}
+
+static void set_shortened_ref(struct strbuf *buf, const char *ref)
+{
+	char *s = shorten_unambiguous_ref(ref, 0);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, s);
+	free(s);
+}
+
+static const char *get_upstream_branch(const char *branch_buf, int len)
+{
+	char *branch = xstrndup(branch_buf, len);
+	struct branch *upstream = branch_get(*branch ? branch : NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Upstream can be NULL only if branch refers to HEAD and HEAD
+	 * points to something different than a branch.
+	 */
+	if (!upstream)
+		die(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+	if (!upstream->merge || !upstream->merge[0]->dst) {
+		if (!ref_exists(upstream->refname))
+			die(_("No such branch: '%s'"), branch);
+		if (!upstream->merge) {
+			die(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+				upstream->name);
+		}
+		die(
+			_("Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
+			upstream->merge[0]->src);
+	}
+	free(branch);
+
+	return upstream->merge[0]->dst;
+}
+
+static int interpret_upstream_mark(const char *name, int namelen,
+				   int at, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	len = upstream_mark(name + at, namelen - at);
+	if (!len)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (memchr(name, ':', at))
+		return -1;
+
+	set_shortened_ref(buf, get_upstream_branch(name, at));
+	return len + at;
+}
+
 /*
  * This reads short-hand syntax that not only evaluates to a commit
  * object name, but also can act as if the end user spelled the name
@@ -995,77 +1123,50 @@
  * If the input was ok but there are not N branch switches in the
  * reflog, it returns 0.
  */
-int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	struct branch *upstream;
-	int namelen = strlen(name);
-	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, buf);
-	int tmp_len;
+	char *at;
+	const char *start;
+	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, namelen, buf);
 
-	if (!len)
+	if (!namelen)
+		namelen = strlen(name);
+
+	if (!len) {
 		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
-	if (0 < len && len == namelen)
-		return len; /* consumed all */
-	else if (0 < len) {
-		/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
-		struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int used = buf->len;
-		int ret;
+	} else if (len > 0) {
+		if (len == namelen)
+			return len; /* consumed all */
+		else
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+	}
 
-		strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, &tmp);
-		/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+	for (start = name;
+	     (at = memchr(start, '@', namelen - (start - name)));
+	     start = at + 1) {
+
+		len = interpret_empty_at(name, namelen, at - name, buf);
+		if (len > 0)
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+
+		len = interpret_upstream_mark(name, namelen, at - name, buf);
+		if (len > 0)
 			return len;
-		}
-		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
-		strbuf_release(&tmp);
-		/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
-		return ret - used + len;
 	}
 
-	cp = strchr(name, '@');
-	if (!cp)
-		return -1;
-	tmp_len = upstream_mark(cp, namelen - (cp - name));
-	if (!tmp_len)
-		return -1;
-	len = cp + tmp_len - name;
-	cp = xstrndup(name, cp - name);
-	upstream = branch_get(*cp ? cp : NULL);
-	/*
-	 * Upstream can be NULL only if cp refers to HEAD and HEAD
-	 * points to something different than a branch.
-	 */
-	if (!upstream)
-		return error(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
-	if (!upstream->merge || !upstream->merge[0]->dst) {
-		if (!ref_exists(upstream->refname))
-			return error(_("No such branch: '%s'"), cp);
-		if (!upstream->merge)
-			return error(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
-				     upstream->name);
-		return error(
-			_("Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
-			upstream->merge[0]->src);
-	}
-	free(cp);
-	cp = shorten_unambiguous_ref(upstream->merge[0]->dst, 0);
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_addstr(buf, cp);
-	free(cp);
-	return len;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+	int used = interpret_branch_name(name, len, sb);
+
+	if (used == len)
 		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	if (used < 0)
+		used = 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name + used, len - used);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -1089,13 +1190,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Many callers know that the user meant to name a committish by
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a commit-ish by
  * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
  * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
- * abbreviated object names between committish and others.
+ * abbreviated object names between commit-ish and others.
  *
  * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
- * committish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * commit-ish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
  * machinery.
  */
 int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1137,7 +1238,8 @@
 static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 				       const char *filename,
 				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
-				       const char *object_name)
+				       const char *object_name,
+				       int object_name_len)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -1147,8 +1249,8 @@
 		prefix = "";
 
 	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
-		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%.*s'.",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
 		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
 					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
@@ -1158,16 +1260,16 @@
 		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
 				    sha1, &mode)) {
 			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
-			    "Did you mean '%s:%s' aka '%s:./%s'?",
+			    "Did you mean '%.*s:%s' aka '%.*s:./%s'?",
 			    fullname,
 			    filename,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    fullname,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    filename);
 		}
-		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%.*s'",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1177,7 +1279,7 @@
 					const char *filename)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos;
 	unsigned namelen = strlen(filename);
 	unsigned fullnamelen;
@@ -1271,7 +1373,7 @@
 	 */
 	if (name[0] == ':') {
 		int stage = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		char *new_path = NULL;
 		int pos;
 		if (!only_to_die && namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/') {
@@ -1332,13 +1434,8 @@
 	}
 	if (*cp == ':') {
 		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-		char *object_name = NULL;
-		if (only_to_die) {
-			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
-			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
-			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
-		}
-		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
+		int len = cp - name;
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, len, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
 			char *new_filename = NULL;
 
@@ -1348,8 +1445,8 @@
 			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
 			if (ret && only_to_die) {
 				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
-							   tree_sha1, object_name);
-				free(object_name);
+							   tree_sha1,
+							   name, len);
 			}
 			hashcpy(oc->tree, tree_sha1);
 			strncpy(oc->path, filename,
@@ -1360,7 +1457,7 @@
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (only_to_die)
-				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+				die("Invalid object name '%.*s'.", len, name);
 		}
 	}
 	return ret;
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index a0363de..cdf37d6 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
 
 static int is_shallow = -1;
+static struct stat shallow_stat;
+static char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path)
+{
+	if (is_shallow != -1)
+		die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
+	free(alternate_shallow_file);
+	alternate_shallow_file = path ? xstrdup(path) : NULL;
+}
 
 int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -21,12 +32,21 @@
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[1024];
+	const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
 
 	if (is_shallow >= 0)
 		return is_shallow;
 
-	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
-	if (!fp) {
+	if (!path)
+		path = git_path("shallow");
+	/*
+	 * fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
+	 * shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
+	 * will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
+	 */
+	if (!*path ||
+	    stat(path, &shallow_stat) ||
+	    (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
 		is_shallow = 0;
 		return is_shallow;
 	}
@@ -72,8 +92,14 @@
 		}
 		if (parse_commit(commit))
 			die("invalid commit");
-		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		cur_depth++;
+		if (cur_depth >= depth) {
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
+			commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (!p->item->util) {
 				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
@@ -85,20 +111,112 @@
 					continue;
 				*pointer = cur_depth;
 			}
-			if (cur_depth < depth) {
-				if (p->next)
-					add_object_array(&p->item->object,
-							NULL, &stack);
-				else {
-					commit = p->item;
-					cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
-				}
-			} else {
-				commit_list_insert(p->item, &result);
-				p->item->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			if (p->next)
+				add_object_array(&p->item->object,
+						NULL, &stack);
+			else {
+				commit = p->item;
+				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return result;
 }
+
+void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!is_shallow)
+		return;
+	else if (is_shallow == -1)
+		die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
+
+	if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
+		die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
+	else if (st.st_mtime != shallow_stat.st_mtime
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+		 || ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != ST_MTIME_NSEC(shallow_stat)
+#endif
+		   )
+		die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
+}
+
+struct write_shallow_data {
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	int use_pack_protocol;
+	int count;
+};
+
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
+	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
+	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
+		return 0;
+	data->count++;
+	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
+		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
+		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data data;
+	data.out = out;
+	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
+	data.count = 0;
+	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
+	return data.count;
+}
+
+char *setup_temporary_shallow(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)) {
+		struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, git_path("shallow_XXXXXX"));
+		fd = xmkstemp(path.buf);
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  path.buf);
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return strbuf_detach(&path, NULL);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no shallow
+	 * file".
+	 */
+	return xstrdup("");
+}
+
+void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+			     const char **alternate_shallow_file)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(shallow_lock, git_path("shallow"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  shallow_lock->filename);
+		*alternate_shallow_file = shallow_lock->filename;
+	} else
+		/*
+		 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
+		 * shallow file".
+		 */
+		*alternate_shallow_file = "";
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index 84b237f..66350b2 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
 #define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
+#define NOLOGIN_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/no-interactive-login"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -65,6 +66,18 @@
 {
 	int done = 0;
 	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+
+	if (!access(NOLOGIN_COMMAND, F_OK)) {
+		/* Interactive login disabled. */
+		const char *argv[] = { NOLOGIN_COMMAND, NULL };
+		int status;
+
+		status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
+		if (status < 0)
+			exit(127);
+		exit(status);
+	}
+
 	/* Print help if enabled */
 	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
 
@@ -134,7 +147,6 @@
 	char *prog;
 	const char **user_argv;
 	struct commands *cmd;
-	int devnull_fd;
 	int count;
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
@@ -143,15 +155,10 @@
 
 	/*
 	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
-	 * in die().  It also avoids not messing up when the pipes are
-	 * dup'ed onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
 	 */
-	devnull_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	while (devnull_fd >= 0 && devnull_fd <= 2)
-		devnull_fd = dup(devnull_fd);
-	if (devnull_fd == -1)
-		die_errno("opening /dev/null failed");
-	close (devnull_fd);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	/*
 	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index d5ffa1c..d1125f5 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
 
 	while (1) {
 		int band, len;
-		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		len = packet_read(in_stream, NULL, NULL, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX, 0);
 		if (len == 0)
 			break;
 		if (len < 1) {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@
 			} while (len);
 			continue;
 		case 1:
-			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			write_or_die(out, buf + pf+1, len);
 			continue;
 		default:
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
@@ -138,12 +139,12 @@
 		if (0 <= band) {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
 			hdr[4] = band;
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 5);
 		} else {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 4);
 		}
-		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		write_or_die(fd, p, n);
 		p += n;
 		sz -= n;
 	}
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
index d72db35..e46bed0 100644
--- a/sideband.h
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
 #define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
 
-#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
-#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
-
 int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
 ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
 
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index 0510f76..1170d01 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@
 
 char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
 {
-	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	char *res;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	res = sb->buf;
 	if (sz)
 		*sz = sb->len;
 	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
@@ -104,35 +106,30 @@
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
-struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen, int delim, int max)
+struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen,
+				 int terminator, int max)
 {
-	int alloc = 2, pos = 0;
-	const char *n, *p;
-	struct strbuf **ret;
+	struct strbuf **ret = NULL;
+	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
 	struct strbuf *t;
 
-	ret = xcalloc(alloc, sizeof(struct strbuf *));
-	p = n = str;
-	while (n < str + slen) {
-		int len;
-		if (max <= 0 || pos + 1 < max)
-			n = memchr(n, delim, slen - (n - str));
-		else
-			n = NULL;
-		if (pos + 1 >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc * 2;
-			ret = xrealloc(ret, sizeof(struct strbuf *) * alloc);
+	while (slen) {
+		int len = slen;
+		if (max <= 0 || nr + 1 < max) {
+			const char *end = memchr(str, terminator, slen);
+			if (end)
+				len = end - str + 1;
 		}
-		if (!n)
-			n = str + slen - 1;
-		len = n - p + 1;
 		t = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 		strbuf_init(t, len);
-		strbuf_add(t, p, len);
-		ret[pos] = t;
-		ret[++pos] = NULL;
-		p = ++n;
+		strbuf_add(t, str, len);
+		ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 2, alloc);
+		ret[nr++] = t;
+		str += len;
+		slen -= len;
 	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 1, alloc); /* In case string was empty */
+	ret[nr] = NULL;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -207,6 +204,54 @@
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void add_lines(struct strbuf *out,
+			const char *prefix1,
+			const char *prefix2,
+			const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	while (size) {
+		const char *prefix;
+		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
+		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
+
+		prefix = (prefix2 && buf[0] == '\n') ? prefix2 : prefix1;
+		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
+		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
+		size -= next - buf;
+		buf = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete_line(out);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	static char prefix1[3];
+	static char prefix2[2];
+
+	if (prefix1[0] != comment_line_char) {
+		sprintf(prefix1, "%c ", comment_line_char);
+		sprintf(prefix2, "%c", comment_line_char);
+	}
+	add_lines(out, prefix1, prefix2, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int incomplete_line = sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n';
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(sb, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	if (incomplete_line)
+		sb->buf[--sb->len] = '\0';
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -417,15 +462,33 @@
 void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix,
 		      const char *buf, size_t size)
 {
-	while (size) {
-		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
-		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
-		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
-		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
-		size -= next - buf;
-		buf = next;
+	add_lines(out, prefix, NULL, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *buf, const char *s)
+{
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		}
+		s++;
 	}
-	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 }
 
 static int is_rfc3986_reserved(char ch)
@@ -465,6 +528,25 @@
 	strbuf_add_urlencode(sb, s, strlen(s), reserved);
 }
 
+void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > 1 << 30) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u GiB",
+			    (int)(bytes >> 30),
+			    (int)(bytes & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = bytes + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u MiB",
+			    x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = bytes + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u KiB",
+			    x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u bytes", (int)bytes);
+	}
+}
+
 int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
index be941ee..73e80ce 100644
--- a/strbuf.h
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -44,22 +44,56 @@
 extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *);
 extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *, const struct strbuf *);
 
+/*
+ * Split str (of length slen) at the specified terminator character.
+ * Return a null-terminated array of pointers to strbuf objects
+ * holding the substrings.  The substrings include the terminator,
+ * except for the last substring, which might be unterminated if the
+ * original string did not end with a terminator.  If max is positive,
+ * then split the string into at most max substrings (with the last
+ * substring containing everything following the (max-1)th terminator
+ * character).
+ *
+ * For lighter-weight alternatives, see string_list_split() and
+ * string_list_split_in_place().
+ */
 extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
-					int delim, int max);
+					int terminator, int max);
+
+/*
+ * Split a NUL-terminated string at the specified terminator
+ * character.  See strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
 static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
-					       int delim, int max)
+					       int terminator, int max)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), delim, max);
+	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), terminator, max);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Split a strbuf at the specified terminator character.  See
+ * strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
 static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
-						int delim, int max)
+						int terminator, int max)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, delim, max);
+	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, terminator, max);
 }
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb, int delim)
+
+/*
+ * Split a strbuf at the specified terminator character.  See
+ * strbuf_split_buf() for more information.
+ */
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb,
+					   int terminator)
 {
-	return strbuf_split_max(sb, delim, 0);
+	return strbuf_split_max(sb, terminator, 0);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Free a NULL-terminated list of strbufs (for example, the return
+ * values of the strbuf_split*() functions).
+ */
 extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
 
 /*----- add data in your buffer -----*/
@@ -76,6 +110,8 @@
 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
                           const void *, size_t);
 
+extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
 static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
 	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
@@ -97,11 +133,19 @@
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
 extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
 extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
 
+/*
+ * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
+ * into XML entities.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s);
+
 static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
@@ -126,6 +170,7 @@
 
 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *,
 				    int reserved);
+extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes);
 
 __attribute__((format (printf,1,2)))
 extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index 4d978e5..debe904 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@
 	unsigned long size;
 	int status;
 
+	oi->typep = type;
 	oi->sizep = &size;
 	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
 	if (status < 0)
 		return stream_error;
-	*type = status;
 
 	switch (oi->whence) {
 	case OI_LOOSE:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 				 struct stream_filter *filter)
 {
 	struct git_istream *st;
-	struct object_info oi;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 	enum input_source src = istream_source(real, type, &oi);
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if (st && filter) {
+	if (filter) {
 		/* Add "&& !is_null_stream_filter(filter)" for performance */
 		struct git_istream *nst = attach_stream_filter(st, filter);
 		if (!nst)
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
 		if (!fs->input_finished) {
 			fs->i_end = read_istream(fs->upstream, fs->ibuf, FILTER_BUFFER);
 			if (fs->i_end < 0)
-				break;
+				return -1;
 			if (fs->i_end)
 				continue;
 		}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+		if (status != Z_OK && (status != Z_BUF_ERROR || total_read < sz)) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
 			return -1;
@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@
 		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0)
+			goto close_and_exit;
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		if (can_seek && sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
index c54b816..aabb25e 100644
--- a/string-list.c
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 		int *exact_match)
 {
 	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 
 	while (left + 1 < right) {
 		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
-		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		int compare = cmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
 		if (compare < 0)
 			right = middle;
 		else if (compare > 0)
@@ -96,8 +97,9 @@
 {
 	if (list->nr > 1) {
 		int src, dst;
+		compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 		for (src = dst = 1; src < list->nr; src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
+			if (!cmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
 				if (list->strdup_strings)
 					free(list->items[src].string);
 				if (free_util)
@@ -136,24 +138,13 @@
 	list->nr = dst;
 }
 
-char *string_list_longest_prefix(const struct string_list *prefixes,
-				 const char *string)
+static int item_is_not_empty(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
 {
-	int i, max_len = -1;
-	char *retval = NULL;
+	return *item->string != '\0';
+}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
-		char *prefix = prefixes->items[i].string;
-		if (!prefixcmp(string, prefix)) {
-			int len = strlen(prefix);
-			if (len > max_len) {
-				retval = prefix;
-				max_len = len;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return retval;
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util) {
+	filter_string_list(list, free_util, item_is_not_empty, NULL);
 }
 
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
@@ -221,15 +212,20 @@
 			list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string);
 }
 
+/* Yuck */
+static compare_strings_fn compare_for_qsort;
+
+/* Only call this from inside sort_string_list! */
 static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
 	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
-	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+	return compare_for_qsort(one->string, two->string);
 }
 
 void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
 {
+	compare_for_qsort = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
 }
 
@@ -237,8 +233,10 @@
 						     const char *string)
 {
 	int i;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
+		if (!cmp(string, list->items[i].string))
 			return list->items + i;
 	return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index 5efd07b..de6769c 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@
 	char *string;
 	void *util;
 };
+
+typedef int (*compare_strings_fn)(const char *, const char *);
+
 struct string_list {
 	struct string_list_item *items;
 	unsigned int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp; /* NULL uses strcmp() */
 };
 
 #define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
@@ -39,13 +43,11 @@
 			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
- * Return the longest string in prefixes that is a prefix (in the
- * sense of prefixcmp()) of string, or NULL if no such prefix exists.
- * This function does not require the string_list to be sorted (it
- * does a linear search).
+ * Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true, call
+ * free() on the util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ * Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
  */
-char *string_list_longest_prefix(const struct string_list *prefixes, const char *string);
-
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
 
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 50f213e..1905d75 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "blob.h"
 
 static struct string_list config_name_for_path;
 static struct string_list config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name;
@@ -30,6 +31,118 @@
  */
 static int gitmodules_is_unmerged;
 
+/*
+ * This flag is set if the .gitmodules file had unstaged modifications on
+ * startup. This must be checked before allowing modifications to the
+ * .gitmodules file with the intention to stage them later, because when
+ * continuing we would stage the modifications the user didn't stage herself
+ * too. That might change in a future version when we learn to stage the
+ * changes we do ourselves without staging any previous modifications.
+ */
+static int gitmodules_is_modified;
+
+
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void)
+{
+	return !gitmodules_is_modified;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to update the "path" entry in the "submodule.<name>" section of the
+ * .gitmodules file. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<oldpath> setting was found and we could update it.
+ */
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+	struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, oldpath);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), oldpath);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, path_option->util);
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(".gitmodules", entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&entry);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&entry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to remove the "submodule.<name>" section from .gitmodules where the given
+ * path is configured. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<path> setting was found and we could remove it.
+ */
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sect = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, path);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, path_option->util);
+	if (git_config_rename_section_in_file(".gitmodules", sect.buf, NULL) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"), path);
+		strbuf_release(&sect);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sect);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	int pos;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int namelen = strlen(".gitmodules");
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(".gitmodules", namelen);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		warning(_("could not find .gitmodules in index"));
+		return;
+	}
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, ".gitmodules", 0) < 0)
+		die(_("reading updated .gitmodules failed"));
+	if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("unable to stat updated .gitmodules"));
+	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+	if (remove_cache_entry_at(pos) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to remove .gitmodules from index"));
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, blob_type, ce->sha1))
+		die(_("adding updated .gitmodules failed"));
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE))
+		die(_("staging updated .gitmodules failed"));
+}
+
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -116,6 +229,11 @@
 				    !memcmp(ce->name, ".gitmodules", 11))
 					gitmodules_is_unmerged = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) == 0 &&
+			    ce_match_stat(active_cache[pos], &st, 0) & DATA_CHANGED)
+				gitmodules_is_modified = 1;
 		}
 
 		if (!gitmodules_is_unmerged)
@@ -126,45 +244,50 @@
 
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	int len;
 	struct string_list_item *config;
-	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name, *key;
+	int namelen;
 
-	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "submodule", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
+		return 0;
 
-	len = strlen(var);
-	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
+	if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+
 		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
 		if (config)
 			free(config->util);
 		else
 			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
-		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		config->util = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		char *name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
 		if (!config)
-			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
+		else
+			free(name_cstr);
 		config->util = (void *)(intptr_t)parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "ignore")) {
+		char *name_cstr;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+
 		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
 		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
 			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (config)
+		name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
+		if (config) {
 			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+			free(name_cstr);
+		} else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
 		config->util = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -217,6 +340,7 @@
 }
 
 static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
@@ -226,7 +350,9 @@
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, line_prefix);
 		if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
 			if (del)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
@@ -257,12 +383,13 @@
 }
 
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct commit *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
@@ -276,38 +403,39 @@
 	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
 		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
 		message = "(commits not present)";
-
-	if (!message &&
-	    prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
-					&fast_forward, &fast_backward))
+	else if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
+					   &fast_forward, &fast_backward))
 		message = "(revision walker failed)";
 
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains untracked content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains untracked content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains modified content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains modified content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 
 	if (!hashcmp(one, two)) {
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%sSubmodule %s %s..", line_prefix, meta, path,
 			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
 		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (message)
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s%s\n", message, reset);
 	else
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:%s\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "", reset);
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
 
-	if (!message) {
-		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, del, add, reset);
+	if (!message) /* only NULL if we succeeded in setting up the walk */
+		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, line_prefix, del, add, reset);
+	if (left)
 		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+	if (right)
 		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
@@ -600,9 +728,8 @@
 	if (!work_tree)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (!the_index.initialized)
-		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("index file corrupt");
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
 
 	argv_array_push(&argv, "fetch");
 	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
@@ -621,7 +748,7 @@
 		struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		const char *git_dir, *name, *default_argv;
 
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
@@ -759,11 +886,91 @@
 	return dirty_submodule;
 }
 
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path)
+{
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"submodule",
+		"foreach",
+		"--quiet",
+		"--recursive",
+		"test -f .git",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *git_dir;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+	if (!git_dir) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* Now test that all nested submodules use a gitfile too */
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	cp.no_stdout = 1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	ssize_t len;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"status",
+		"--porcelain",
+		"-u",
+		"--ignore-submodules=none",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ok_to_remove = 1;
+
+	if ((lstat(path, &st) < 0) || is_empty_dir(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("Could not run 'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' in submodule %s", path);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+	if (len > 2)
+		ok_to_remove = 0;
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp))
+		die("'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' failed in submodule %s", path);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ok_to_remove;
+}
+
 static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
 {
 	int i, j;
-	struct object_array merges;
+	struct object_array merges = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int contains_another;
 
@@ -773,7 +980,6 @@
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
 
-	memset(&merges, 0, sizeof(merges));
 	memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
 	memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
 
@@ -811,8 +1017,7 @@
 		}
 
 		if (!contains_another)
-			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item,
-					 merges.objects[i].name, result);
+			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item, NULL, result);
 	}
 
 	free(merges.objects);
@@ -923,3 +1128,34 @@
 	free(merges.objects);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/* Update gitfile and core.worktree setting to connect work tree and git dir */
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir)
+{
+	struct strbuf file_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *real_work_tree = xstrdup(real_path(work_tree));
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	/* Update gitfile */
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/.git", work_tree);
+	fp = fopen(file_name.buf, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		die(_("Could not create git link %s"), file_name.buf);
+	fprintf(fp, "gitdir: %s\n", relative_path(git_dir, real_work_tree,
+						  &rel_path));
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	/* Update core.worktree setting */
+	strbuf_reset(&file_name);
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/config", git_dir);
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(file_name.buf, "core.worktree",
+				   relative_path(real_work_tree, git_dir,
+						 &rel_path)))
+		die(_("Could not set core.worktree in %s"),
+		    file_name.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&file_name);
+	strbuf_release(&rel_path);
+	free((void *)real_work_tree);
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 594b50d..7beec48 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON = 2
 };
 
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void);
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path);
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void);
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 		const char *path);
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
@@ -19,8 +23,9 @@
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
 int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
 void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value);
 void check_for_new_submodule_commits(unsigned char new_sha1[20]);
@@ -28,10 +33,13 @@
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int quiet);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path);
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path);
 int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
 		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20], int search);
 int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name,
 		struct string_list *needs_pushing);
 int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/t/.gitattributes b/t/.gitattributes
index 1b97c54..2d44088 100644
--- a/t/.gitattributes
+++ b/t/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/* -whitespace
+t0110/url-* binary
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index 88e289f..2373a04 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -6,16 +6,25 @@
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
 
-#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS = --verbose --debug
 SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
 TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
 PROVE ?= prove
 DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = $(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/test-results
+else
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = test-results
+endif
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY))
 
 T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
 TSVN = $(sort $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
@@ -34,16 +43,16 @@
 	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
 
 pre-clean:
-	$(RM) -r test-results
+	$(RM) -r '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 
 clean-except-prove-cache:
-	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
 
 clean: clean-except-prove-cache
 	$(RM) .prove
 
-test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test-lint-duplicates:
 	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
@@ -55,12 +64,15 @@
 		test -z "$$bad" || { \
 		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
 
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T)
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
 
 aggregate-results:
-	for f in test-results/t*-*.counts; do \
+	for f in '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'/t*-*.counts; do \
 		echo "$$f"; \
 	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./aggregate-results.sh
 
@@ -78,42 +90,4 @@
 perf:
 	$(MAKE) -C perf/ all
 
-# Smoke testing targets
--include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-
-test-results:
-	mkdir -p test-results
-
-test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz: test-results
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./harness \
-		--archive="test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz" \
-		$(T)
-
-smoke: test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS =
-ifdef SMOKE_USERNAME
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F username="$(SMOKE_USERNAME)" -F password="$(SMOKE_PASSWORD)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_COMMENT
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F comments="$(SMOKE_COMMENT)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_TAGS
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F tags="$(SMOKE_TAGS)"
-endif
-
-smoke_report: smoke
-	curl \
-		-H "Expect: " \
-		-F project=Git \
-		-F architecture="$(uname_M)" \
-		-F platform="$(uname_S)" \
-		-F revision="$(GIT_VERSION)" \
-		-F report_file=@test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz \
-		$(SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS) \
-		http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/process_add_report/1 \
-	| grep -v ^Redirecting
-
 .PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind perf
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index e4128e5..caeeb9d 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@
 	command being run and their output if any are also
 	output.
 
+--verbose-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --verbose, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --debug::
 	This may help the person who is developing a new test.
 	It causes the command defined with test_debug to run.
@@ -86,29 +91,46 @@
 
 --immediate::
 	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
-	failed test.
+	failed test. Cleanup commands requested with
+	test_when_finished are not executed if the test failed,
+	in order to keep the state for inspection by the tester
+	to diagnose the bug.
 
 --long-tests::
 	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
 	available), for more exhaustive testing.
 
---valgrind::
-	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
-	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
-	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
-	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+--valgrind=<tool>::
+	Execute all Git binaries under valgrind tool <tool> and exit
+	with status 126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will
+	only stop the test script when running under -i).
 
 	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
 	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
 	convenience, it also implies --tee.
 
-	Note that valgrind is run with the option --leak-check=no,
+	<tool> defaults to 'memcheck', just like valgrind itself.
+	Other particularly useful choices include 'helgrind' and
+	'drd', but you may use any tool recognized by your valgrind
+	installation.
+
+	As a special case, <tool> can be 'memcheck-fast', which uses
+	memcheck but disables --track-origins.  Use this if you are
+	running tests in bulk, to see if there are _any_ memory
+	issues.
+
+	Note that memcheck is run with the option --leak-check=no,
 	as the git process is short-lived and some errors are not
 	interesting. In order to run a single command under the same
 	conditions manually, you should set GIT_VALGRIND to point to
 	the 't/valgrind/' directory and use the commands under
 	't/valgrind/bin/'.
 
+--valgrind-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --valgrind, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --tee::
 	In addition to printing the test output to the terminal,
 	write it to files named 't/test-results/$TEST_NAME.out'.
@@ -312,10 +334,17 @@
    use 'test_must_fail git cmd'.  This will signal a failure if git
    dies in an unexpected way (e.g. segfault).
 
+   On the other hand, don't use test_must_fail for running regular
+   platform commands; just use '! cmd'.
+
  - use perl without spelling it as "$PERL_PATH". This is to help our
    friends on Windows where the platform Perl often adds CR before
    the end of line, and they bundle Git with a version of Perl that
-   does not do so, whose path is specified with $PERL_PATH.
+   does not do so, whose path is specified with $PERL_PATH. Note that we
+   provide a "perl" function which uses $PERL_PATH under the hood, so
+   you do not need to worry when simply running perl in the test scripts
+   (but you do, for example, on a shebang line or in a sub script
+   created via "write_script").
 
  - use sh without spelling it as "$SHELL_PATH", when the script can
    be misinterpreted by broken platform shell (e.g. Solaris).
@@ -362,7 +391,7 @@
 below), e.g.:
 
     test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' '
-        "$PERL_PATH" -e "hlagh() if unf_unf()"
+        perl -e "hlagh() if unf_unf()"
     '
 
 The advantage of skipping tests like this is that platforms that don't
@@ -495,7 +524,7 @@
 
 	test_external \
 	    'GitwebCache::*FileCache*' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
 
    If the test is outputting its own TAP you should set the
    test_external_has_tap variable somewhere before calling the first
@@ -511,7 +540,7 @@
 
 	test_external_without_stderr \
 	    'Perl API' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
  - test_expect_code <exit-code> <command>
 
@@ -580,6 +609,20 @@
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
+ - test_ln_s_add <path1> <path2>
+
+   This function helps systems whose filesystem does not support symbolic
+   links. Use it to add a symbolic link entry to the index when it is not
+   important that the file system entry is a symbolic link, i.e., instead
+   of the sequence
+
+	ln -s foo bar &&
+	git add bar
+
+   Sometimes it is possible to split a test in a part that does not need
+   the symbolic link in the file system and a part that does; then only
+   the latter part need be protected by a SYMLINKS prerequisite (see below).
+
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
@@ -590,11 +633,18 @@
 library" section above and the "test_have_prereq" function for how to
 use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
 
- - PERL & PYTHON
+ - PYTHON
 
-   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease or
-   NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that need Perl or Python in
-   these.
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that
+   need Python with this.
+
+ - PERL
+
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease.
+
+   Even without the PERL prerequisite, tests can assume there is a
+   usable perl interpreter at $PERL_PATH, though it need not be
+   particularly modern.
 
  - POSIXPERM
 
@@ -610,6 +660,11 @@
    The process retains the same pid across exec(2). See fb9a2bea for
    details.
 
+ - PIPE
+
+   The filesystem we're on supports creation of FIFOs (named pipes)
+   via mkfifo(1).
+
  - SYMLINKS
 
    The filesystem we're on supports symbolic links. E.g. a FAT
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
index c56a77d..304c7b7 100644
--- a/t/annotate-tests.sh
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -2,11 +2,21 @@
 # sourced from t8001-annotate.sh and t8002-blame.sh.
 
 check_count () {
-	head=
-	case "$1" in -h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;; esac
-	echo "$PROG file $head" >&4
-	$PROG file $head >.result || return 1
-	cat .result | perl -e '
+	head= &&
+	file='file' &&
+	options= &&
+	while :
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-f) file="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-*) options="$options $1"; shift ;;
+		*) break ;;
+		esac
+	done &&
+	echo "$PROG $options $file $head" >&4 &&
+	$PROG $options $file $head >actual &&
+	perl -e '
 		my %expect = (@ARGV);
 		my %count = map { $_ => 0 } keys %expect;
 		while (<STDIN>) {
@@ -31,107 +41,513 @@
 			print STDERR "Author $author (expected $value, attributed $count) $ok\n";
 		}
 		exit($bad);
-	' "$@"
+	' "$@" <actual
 }
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
+test_expect_success 'setup A lines' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'check all lines blamed on A' \
-    'check_count A 2'
+test_expect_success 'blame 1 author' '
+	check_count A 2
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
-    'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" git commit -a -m "Second."'
+test_expect_success 'setup B lines' '
+	echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2'
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 1' \
-    'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-     echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
-     echo "well." >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
+test_expect_success 'setup B1 lines (branch1)' '
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >>file &&
+	echo "well." >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2'
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch1 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 2' \
-    'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
-     sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
+test_expect_success 'setup B2 lines (branch2)' '
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" <file >file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1'
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch2 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 3' \
-    'git pull . branch1'
+test_expect_success 'merge branch1 & branch2' '
+	git merge branch1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1'
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 2 merged-in authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master A 2 B 2'
+test_expect_success 'blame ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master A 2 B 2
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master^ A 2'
+test_expect_success 'blame great-ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master^ A 2
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 4' \
-    'echo "evil merge." >>file &&
-     git commit -a --amend'
+test_expect_success 'setup evil merge' '
+	echo "evil merge." >>file &&
+	git commit -a --amend
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2, one on A U Thor' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1'
+test_expect_success 'blame evil merge' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'an incomplete line added' \
-    'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
+test_expect_success 'blame huge graft' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout branch2" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/info/grafts" &&
+	graft= &&
+	for i in 0 1 2
+	do
+		for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			git checkout --orphan "$i$j" &&
+			printf "%s\n" "$i" "$j" >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$i$j GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$i$j@test.git \
+			git commit -a -m "$i$j" &&
+			commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+			graft="$graft$commit "
+		done
+	done &&
+	printf "%s " $graft >.git/info/grafts &&
+	check_count -h 00 01 1 10 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'With incomplete lines.' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup incomplete line' '
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Incomplete"
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'mv file file.orig &&
-    {
-	cat file.orig &&
-	echo
-    } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
-    echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" git commit -a -m "edit"'
+test_expect_success 'blame incomplete line' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup edits' '
+	mv file file.orig &&
+	{
+		cat file.orig &&
+		echo
+	} | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" >file &&
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "edit"
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'an obfuscated email added' \
-    'echo "No robots allowed" > file.new &&
-     cat file >> file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" git commit -a -m "norobots"'
+test_expect_success 'blame edits' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'obfuscated email parsed' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup obfuscated email' '
+	echo "No robots allowed" >file.new &&
+	cat file >>file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" \
+	git commit -a -m "norobots"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame obfuscated email' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 (all)' '
+	check_count -L1 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L , (all)' '
+	check_count -L, A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5 B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X, (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5, B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (up to Y)' '
+	check_count -L,3 A 1 B2 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,X' '
+	check_count -L3,3 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y' '
+	check_count -L3,6 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L Y,X (undocumented)' '
+	check_count -L6,3 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L -X' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L-1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+1' '
+	check_count -L3,+1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N' '
+	check_count -L3,+4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-1' '
+	check_count -L3,-1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N' '
+	check_count -L6,-4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (RE to end)' '
+	check_count -L/evil/ C 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,/RE2/' '
+	check_count -L/robot/,/green/ A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,/RE/' '
+	check_count -L5,/evil/ B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,Y' '
+	check_count -L/99/,7 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,+N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,+3 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,-N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,-3 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+# 'file' ends with an incomplete line, so 'wc' reports one fewer lines than
+# git-blame sees, hence the last line is actually $(wc...)+1.
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L,$n A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L6,7 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L6,7 -L2,3 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L4,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L4,5 -L2,3 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping)' '
+	check_count -L2,4 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,4 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset)' '
+	check_count -L2,8 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,8 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L/fox/ B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L/dog/ A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L1,1 -L/dog/,+1 A 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L/dog/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L/$/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^/tambourine/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n -L^/$/,+2 A 1 C 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup -L :regex' '
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+	{
+	Qputs("hello");
+	}
+	EOF
+	git add hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="F" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="F@test.git" \
+	git commit -m "hello" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	sed -e "/}/ {x; s/$/Qputs(\"goodbye\");/; G;}" <hello.orig |
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="G" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="G@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "goodbye" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	echo "#include <stdio.h>" >hello.c &&
+	cat hello.orig >>hello.c &&
+	tr Q "\\t" >>hello.c <<-\EOF
+	void mail()
+	{
+	Qputs("mail");
+	}
+	EOF
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="H" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="H@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "mail"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :literal' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:main F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :regex' '
+	check_count -f hello.c "-L:m[a-z][a-z]l" H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :nomatch' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L:nomatch hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L:ma.. F 1 H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3,3 -L:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L:main hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <hello.c)) &&
+	check_count -f hello.c -L$n -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1 H 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incremental' '
+	(
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=I &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=I@test.git &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	>incremental &&
+	git add incremental &&
+	git commit -m "step 0" &&
+	printf "partial" >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 0.5" &&
+	echo >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame empty' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^^ -f incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame full' '
+	check_count -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 full' '
+	check_count -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (non-numeric X)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -LX file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y (non-numeric Y)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,Y file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,^/RE/' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,^/99/ file
+'
diff --git a/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..45971f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Test t0000..t9999.sh for non portable shell scripts
+# This script can be called with one or more filenames as parameters
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code=0;
+
+sub err {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $msg: $_\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+while (<>) {
+	chomp;
+	/^\s*sed\s+-i/ and err 'sed -i is not portable';
+	/^\s*echo\s+-n/ and err 'echo -n is not portable (please use printf)';
+	/^\s*declare\s+/ and err 'arrays/declare not portable';
+	/^\s*[^#]\s*which\s/ and err 'which is not portable (please use type)';
+	/test\s+[^=]*==/ and err '"test a == b" is not portable (please use =)';
+	/^\s*export\s+[^=]*=/ and err '"export FOO=bar" is not portable (please use FOO=bar && export FOO)';
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
+}
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
index ae2dc46..8cf909a 100644
--- a/t/gitweb-lib.sh
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 	# You can set the GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 	# the gitwebdir (the directory where gitweb is installed / deployed to)
-	# of an existing gitweb instalation to test that installation,
+	# of an existing gitweb installation to test that installation,
 	# or simply to pathname of installed gitweb script.
 	if test -n "$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
 		if test -d $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED; then
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 	# written to web server logs, so we are not interested in that:
 	# we are interested only in properly formatted errors/warnings
 	rm -f gitweb.log &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -- "$SCRIPT_NAME" \
+	perl -- "$SCRIPT_NAME" \
 		>gitweb.output 2>gitweb.log &&
 	perl -w -e '
 		open O, ">gitweb.headers";
diff --git a/t/lib-credential.sh b/t/lib-credential.sh
index 3c43ff1..957ae93 100755
--- a/t/lib-credential.sh
+++ b/t/lib-credential.sh
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
 		cat stderr &&
 		false
 	fi &&
-	if test_have_prereq MINGW
-	then
-		dos2unix -q stderr
-	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect-stdout stdout &&
 	test_cmp expect-stderr stderr
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-gettext.sh b/t/lib-gettext.sh
index 0f76f6c..ae8883a 100644
--- a/t/lib-gettext.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gettext.sh
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
 if test_have_prereq GETTEXT && ! test_have_prereq GETTEXT_POISON
 then
 	# is_IS.UTF-8 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.utf8 on Debian
-	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
 	# is_IS.ISO8859-1 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.iso88591 on Debian
-	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
+	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
diff --git a/t/lib-git-p4.sh b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
index 7061dce..ccd918e 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-p4.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
 	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
@@ -17,6 +18,24 @@
 	test_done
 }
 
+# On cygwin, the NT version of Perforce can be used.  When giving
+# it paths, either on the command-line or in client specifications,
+# be sure to use the native windows form.
+#
+# Older versions of perforce were available compiled natively for
+# cygwin.  Those do not accept native windows paths, so make sure
+# not to convert for them.
+native_path() {
+	path="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && ! p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		path=$(cygpath --windows "$path")
+	else
+		path=$(test-path-utils real_path "$path")
+	fi &&
+	echo "$path"
+}
+
 # Try to pick a unique port: guess a large number, then hope
 # no more than one of each test is running.
 #
@@ -29,10 +48,11 @@
 P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
 P4CLIENT=client
 P4EDITOR=:
-export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4EDITOR
+unset P4CHARSET
+export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4EDITOR P4CHARSET
 
 db="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/db"
-cli=$(test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli")
+cli="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli"
 git="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/git"
 pidfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4d.pid"
 
@@ -40,8 +60,11 @@
 	mkdir -p "$db" "$cli" "$git" &&
 	rm -f "$pidfile" &&
 	(
-		p4d -q -r "$db" -p $P4DPORT &
-		echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		cd "$db" &&
+		{
+			p4d -q -p $P4DPORT &
+			echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		}
 	) &&
 
 	# This gives p4d a long time to start up, as it can be
@@ -74,15 +97,8 @@
 	fi
 
 	# build a client
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View: //depot/... //client/...
-		EOF
-	)
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+
 	return 0
 }
 
@@ -123,13 +139,26 @@
 client_view() {
 	(
 		cat <<-EOF &&
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
 		Root: $cli
+		AltRoots: $(native_path "$cli")
+		LineEnd: unix
 		View:
 		EOF
-		for arg ; do
-			printf "\t$arg\n"
-		done
+		printf "\t%s\n" "$@"
 	) | p4 client -i
 }
+
+is_cli_file_writeable() {
+	# cygwin version of p4 does not set read-only attr,
+	# will be marked 444 but -w is true
+	file="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		stat=$(stat --format=%a "$file") &&
+		test $stat = 644
+	else
+		test -w "$file"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 199f22c..b0ec12f 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 svnconf=$PWD/svnconf
 export svnconf
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -w -e "
+perl -w -e "
 use SVN::Core;
 use SVN::Repos;
 \$SVN::Core::VERSION gt '1.1.0' or exit(42);
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@
 }
 
 convert_to_rev_db () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
+	perl -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
 use strict;
-@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+@ARGV == 2 or die "usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
 open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
 open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
 my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
index 83855fa..1a3c2d4 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
index 8fed133..95d249f 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
index d831cd9..82dca8f 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
index abace96..4879ae9 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
index 02f442b..ad8f1ef 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd.sh
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
 prepare_httpd() {
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 	cp "$TEST_PATH"/passwd "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
+	cp "$TEST_PATH"/broken-smart-http.sh "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
 
 	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
 
@@ -140,10 +141,11 @@
 		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA -k stop
 }
 
-test_http_push_nonff() {
+test_http_push_nonff () {
 	REMOTE_REPO=$1
 	LOCAL_REPO=$2
 	BRANCH=$3
+	EXPECT_CAS_RESULT=${4-failure}
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push fails' '
 		cd "$REMOTE_REPO" &&
@@ -166,6 +168,22 @@
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push shows help message' '
 		test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" output
 	'
+
+	test_expect_${EXPECT_CAS_RESULT} 'force with lease aka cas' '
+		HEAD=$(	cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD ) &&
+		test_when_finished '\''
+			(cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git update-ref HEAD "$HEAD")
+		'\'' &&
+		(
+			cd "$LOCAL_REPO" &&
+			git push -v --force-with-lease=$BRANCH:$HEAD origin
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "$BRANCH" >expect &&
+		(
+			cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+		) >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
 }
 
 setup_askpass_helper() {
@@ -186,7 +204,8 @@
 }
 
 expect_askpass() {
-	dest=$HTTPD_DEST
+	dest=$HTTPD_DEST${3+/$3}
+
 	{
 		case "$1" in
 		none)
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
index 49d5d87..3a03e82 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ServerName dummy
-LockFile accept.lock
 PidFile httpd.pid
 DocumentRoot www
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
@@ -23,6 +22,13 @@
 <IfModule !mod_version.c>
 	LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_headers.c>
+	LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
+</IfModule>
+
+<IfVersion < 2.4>
+LockFile accept.lock
+</IfVersion>
 
 <IfVersion < 2.1>
 <IfModule !mod_auth.c>
@@ -40,6 +46,24 @@
 <IfModule !mod_authz_user.c>
 	LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_host.c>
+	LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
+</IfModule>
+</IfVersion>
+
+<IfVersion >= 2.4>
+<IfModule !mod_authn_core.c>
+	LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
+	LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_access_compat.c>
+	LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_mpm_prefork.c>
+	LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
+</IfModule>
 </IfVersion>
 
 PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND
@@ -61,10 +85,24 @@
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_NAME "Custom User"
 	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL custom@example.com
 </LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_namespace/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_NAMESPACE ns
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_cookies/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	Header set Set-Cookie name=value
+</LocationMatch>
 ScriptAliasMatch /smart_*[^/]*/(.*) ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /broken_smart/ broken-smart-http.sh/
 <Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
 	Options FollowSymlinks
 </Directory>
+<Files broken-smart-http.sh>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
 <Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
 	Options ExecCGI
 </Files>
@@ -72,6 +110,8 @@
 RewriteEngine on
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-perm/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=301]
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-temp/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=302]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-auth/(.*)$ /auth/smart/$1 [R=301]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-limited/(.*)/info/refs$ /smart/$1/info/refs [R=301]
 
 <IfDefine SSL>
 LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
@@ -99,6 +139,28 @@
 	Require valid-user
 </LocationMatch>
 
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-fetch/.*/git-upload-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/half-auth-complete/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<Location /half-auth-complete/>
+  Order Deny,Allow
+  Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Git Access"
+  AuthUserFile passwd
+  Require valid-user
+  Satisfy Any
+</Location>
+
 <IfDefine DAV>
 	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
 	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f7ebfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+printf "Content-Type: text/%s\n" "html"
+echo
+printf "%s\n" "001e# service=git-upload-pack"
+printf "%s"   "0000"
+printf "%s%c%s%s\n" \
+	"00a58681d9f286a48b08f37b3a095330da16689e3693 HEAD" \
+	0 \
+	" include-tag multi_ack_detailed multi_ack ofs-delta" \
+	" side-band side-band-64k thin-pack no-progress shallow no-done "
+printf "%s"   "0000"
diff --git a/t/lib-pack.sh b/t/lib-pack.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b96e125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Support routines for hand-crafting weird or malicious packs.
+#
+# You can make a complete pack like:
+#
+#   pack_header 2 >foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_trailer foo.pack
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte octal representation of $1
+uint32_octal () {
+	n=$1
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n / 16777216)); n=$((n % 16777216))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /    65536)); n=$((n %    65536))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /      256)); n=$((n %      256))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n           ));
+}
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte binary representation of $1
+uint32_binary () {
+	printf "$(uint32_octal "$1")"
+}
+
+# Print a pack header, version 2, for a pack with $1 objects
+pack_header () {
+	printf 'PACK' &&
+	printf '\0\0\0\2' &&
+	uint32_binary "$1"
+}
+
+# Print the pack data for object $1, as a delta against object $2 (or as a full
+# object if $2 is missing or empty). The output is suitable for including
+# directly in the packfile, and represents the entirety of the object entry.
+# Doing this on the fly (especially picking your deltas) is quite tricky, so we
+# have hardcoded some well-known objects. See the case statements below for the
+# complete list.
+pack_obj () {
+	case "$1" in
+	# empty blob
+	e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\060\170\234\003\0\0\0\0\1'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\76"
+	e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\267\3\0\0\116\0\106'
+			return
+			;;
+		01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+			printf '\165\1\327\161\66\146\364\336\202\47\166' &&
+			printf '\307\142\54\20\361\260\175\342\200\334\170' &&
+			printf '\234\143\142\142\142\267\003\0\0\151\0\114'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\0"
+	01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\147\0\0\0\20\0\10'
+			return
+			;;
+		e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+			printf '\165\346\217\350\22\233\124\153\20\32\356' &&
+			printf '\225\20\305\62\216\177\41\312\35\30\170\234' &&
+			printf '\143\142\142\142\147\0\0\0\53\0\16'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	echo >&2 "BUG: don't know how to print $1${2:+ (from $2)}"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Compute and append pack trailer to "$1"
+pack_trailer () {
+	test-sha1 -b <"$1" >trailer.tmp &&
+	cat trailer.tmp >>"$1" &&
+	rm -f trailer.tmp
+}
+
+# Remove any existing packs to make sure that
+# whatever we index next will be the pack that we
+# actually use.
+clear_packs () {
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/*
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-read-tree.sh b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
index abc2c6f..ef079af 100644
--- a/t/lib-read-tree.sh
+++ b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
@@ -5,39 +5,39 @@
 # write the index and that together with -u it doesn't touch the work tree.
 #
 read_tree_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6ccf797..8ff87fb 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -17,51 +17,98 @@
 #       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
 #       from the specified line.
 #
+#   "exec_cmd_with_args" -- add an "exec cmd with args" line.
+#
 #   "#" -- Add a comment line.
 #
 #   ">" -- Add a blank line.
 
 set_fake_editor () {
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
-	cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
-case "$1" in
-*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
-	test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
-		test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	case "$1" in
+	*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+		test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
+			test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+			exit
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
 		exit
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
-	exit
-	;;
-esac
-test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
-	test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
-	exit
-test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
-grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
-rm -f "$1"
-echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
-cat "$1".tmp
-action=pick
-for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
-	case $line in
-	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
-		action="$line";;
-	exec*)
-		echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
-	"#")
-		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
-	">")
-		echo >> "$1";;
-	*)
-		sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
-		action=pick;;
+		;;
 	esac
-done
-echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
-cat "$1"
-EOF
+	test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
+		test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
+		exit
+	test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
+	grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
+	rm -f "$1"
+	echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
+	cat "$1".tmp
+	action=pick
+	for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
+		case $line in
+		squash|fixup|edit|reword)
+			action="$line";;
+		exec*)
+			echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
+		"#")
+			echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
+		">")
+			echo >> "$1";;
+		*)
+			sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
+			action=pick;;
+		esac
+	done
+	echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
+	cat "$1"
+	EOF
 
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
-	chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+}
+
+# After set_cat_todo_editor, rebase -i will write the todo list (ignoring
+# blank lines and comments) to stdout, and exit failure (so you should run
+# it with test_must_fail).  This can be used to verify the expected user
+# experience, for todo list changes that do not affect the outcome of
+# rebase; or as an extra check in addition to checking the outcome.
+
+set_cat_todo_editor () {
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	grep "^[^#]" "$1"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+}
+
+# checks that the revisions in "$2" represent a linear range with the
+# subjects in "$1"
+test_linear_range () {
+	revlist_merges=$(git rev-list --merges "$2") &&
+	test -z "$revlist_merges" &&
+	expected=$1
+	set -- $(git log --reverse --format=%s "$2")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+reset_rebase () {
+	test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f
+}
+
+cherry_pick () {
+	git cherry-pick -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+revert () {
+	git revert -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+make_empty () {
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-t6000.sh b/t/lib-t6000.sh
index ea25dd8..3f2d873 100644
--- a/t/lib-t6000.sh
+++ b/t/lib-t6000.sh
@@ -1,55 +1,50 @@
 : included from 6002 and others
 
-[ -d .git/refs/tags ] || mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
+mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
 
-:> sed.script
+>sed.script
 
-# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git or .git/refs/tags
-tag()
-{
+# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git/refs/tags
+tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -f .git/refs/tags/$_tag ] || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
-	cat .git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	test -f ".git/refs/tags/$_tag" || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
+	cat ".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 }
 
 # Generate a commit using the text specified to make it unique and the tree
 # named by the tag specified.
-unique_commit()
-{
+unique_commit () {
 	_text=$1
-        _tree=$2
+	_tree=$2
 	shift 2
-	echo $_text | git commit-tree $(tag $_tree) "$@"
+	echo "$_text" | git commit-tree $(tag "$_tree") "$@"
 }
 
 # Save the output of a command into the tag specified. Prepend
 # a substitution script for the tag onto the front of sed.script
-save_tag()
-{
+save_tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -n "$_tag" ] || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
+	test -n "$_tag" || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
 	shift 1
-	"$@" >.git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	"$@" >".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 
-        echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" > sed.script.tmp
-	cat sed.script >> sed.script.tmp
+	echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" >sed.script.tmp
+	cat sed.script >>sed.script.tmp
 	rm sed.script
 	mv sed.script.tmp sed.script
 }
 
-# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashses with their symbolic equivalents
-entag()
-{
+# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashes with their symbolic equivalents
+entag () {
 	sed -f sed.script
 }
 
 # Execute a command after first saving, then setting the GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 # tag to a specified value. Restore the original value on return.
-as_author()
-{
+as_author () {
 	_author=$1
 	shift 1
-        _save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	_save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_author"
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -63,45 +58,58 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-commit_date()
-{
-        _commit=$1
-	git cat-file commit $_commit | sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
+commit_date () {
+	_commit=$1
+	git cat-file commit $_commit |
+	sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
 }
 
-on_committer_date()
-{
-    _date=$1
-    shift 1
-    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$_date"
-    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-    "$@"
-    unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+# Assign the value of fake date to a variable, but
+# allow fairly common "1971-08-16 00:00" to be omittd
+assign_fake_date () {
+	case "$2" in
+	??:??:??)	eval "$1='1971-08-16 $2'" ;;
+	??:??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:$2'" ;;
+	??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:00:$2'" ;;
+	*)		eval "$1='$2'" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+on_committer_date () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	shift 1
+	"$@"
+}
+
+on_dates () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	assign_fake_date GIT_AUTHOR_DATE "$2"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	shift 2
+	"$@"
 }
 
 # Execute a command and suppress any error output.
-hide_error()
-{
+hide_error () {
 	"$@" 2>/dev/null
 }
 
-check_output()
-{
+check_output () {
 	_name=$1
 	shift 1
-	if eval "$*" | entag > $_name.actual
+	if eval "$*" | entag >"$_name.actual"
 	then
-		test_cmp $_name.expected $_name.actual
+		test_cmp "$_name.expected" "$_name.actual"
 	else
-		return 1;
+		return 1
 	fi
 }
 
 # Turn a reasonable test description into a reasonable test name.
 # All alphanums translated into -'s which are then compressed and stripped
 # from front and back.
-name_from_description()
-{
+name_from_description () {
 	perl -pe '
 		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
 		s/-+/-/g;
@@ -119,9 +127,11 @@
 test_output_expect_success()
 {
 	_description=$1
-        _test=$2
-        [ $# -eq 2 ] || error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
-        _name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
-	cat > $_name.expected
+	_test=$2
+	test $# -eq 2 ||
+	error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
+
+	_name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
+	cat >"$_name.expected"
 	test_expect_success "$_description" "check_output $_name \"$_test\""
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-terminal.sh b/t/lib-terminal.sh
index 58d911d..737df28 100644
--- a/t/lib-terminal.sh
+++ b/t/lib-terminal.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 	then
 		:
 	elif
-		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
+		perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
 			sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
 	then
 		test_set_prereq TTY &&
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 				echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
 				return 127
 			fi
-			"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
+			perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
 		}
 	fi
 '
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
index b2dbad4..8848c14 100644
--- a/t/perf/README
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
 	Number of times a test should be repeated for best-of-N
-	measurements.  Defaults to 5.
+	measurements.  Defaults to 3.
 
     GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	Options to use when automatically building a git tree for
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO
 	Repositories to copy for the performance tests.  The normal
 	repo should be at least git.git size.  The large repo should
-	probably be about linux-2.6.git size for optimal results.
+	probably be about linux.git size for optimal results.
 	Both default to the git.git you are running from.
 
 You can also pass the options taken by ordinary git tests; the most
diff --git a/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9180ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests performance of reading the index"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+count=1000
+test_perf "read_cache/discard_cache $count times" "
+	test-read-cache $count
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3d074b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests log -L performance'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+# Pick a file to log pseudo-randomly.  The sort key is the blob hash,
+# so it is stable.
+test_expect_success 'select a file' '
+	git ls-tree HEAD | grep ^100644 |
+	sort -k 3 | head -1 | cut -f 2 >filelist
+'
+
+file=$(cat filelist)
+export file
+
+test_perf 'git rev-list --topo-order (baseline)' '
+	git rev-list --topo-order HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log --follow (baseline for -M)' '
+	git log --oneline --follow -- "$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -L' '
+	git log -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -M -L' '
+	git log -M -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index a816fbc..f4eecaa 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@
 
 
 test_perf () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@
 		echo "$test_count" >>"$perf_results_dir"/$base.subtests
 		echo "$1" >"$perf_results_dir"/$base.$test_count.descr
 		if test -z "$verbose"; then
-			echo -n "perf $test_count - $1:"
+			printf "%s" "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		else
 			echo "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		fi
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@
 			if test_run_perf_ "$2"
 			then
 				if test -z "$verbose"; then
-					echo -n " $i"
+					printf " %s" "$i"
 				else
 					echo "* timing run $i/$GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT:"
 				fi
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@
 		base="$perf_results_dir"/"$perf_results_prefix$(basename "$0" .sh)"."$test_count"
 		"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/perf/min_time.perl test_time.* >"$base".times
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # We extend test_done to print timings at the end (./run disables this
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index 08677df..10be52b 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -45,39 +45,236 @@
 	false
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage (run in sub test-lib)' "
-	mkdir passing-todo &&
-	(cd passing-todo &&
-	cat >passing-todo.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
+run_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" descr="$2" # stdin is the body of the test code
+	shift 2
+	mkdir "$name" &&
+	(
+		# Pretend we're a test harness.  This prevents
+		# test-lib from writing the counts to a file that will
+		# later be summarized, showing spurious "failed" tests
+		HARNESS_ACTIVE=t &&
+		export HARNESS_ACTIVE &&
+		cd "$name" &&
+		cat >"$name.sh" <<-EOF &&
+		#!$SHELL_PATH
 
-	test_description='A passing TODO test
+		test_description='$descr (run in sub test-lib)
 
-	This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
-	passing metrics
-	'
+		This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
+		passing metrics
+		'
 
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+		# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+		. "\$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib.sh
+		EOF
+		cat >>"$name.sh" &&
+		chmod +x "$name.sh" &&
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY &&
+		./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+	)
+}
 
-	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
-		:
-	'
+check_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		! test -s err &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect out
+	)
+}
 
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a fully passing test suite' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test full-pass '3 passing tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
 	test_done
 	EOF
-	chmod +x passing-todo.sh &&
-	./passing-todo.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	sed -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage
-	> # fixed 1 known breakage(s)
-	> # passed all 1 test(s)
+	check_sub_test_lib_test full-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # passed all 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a partially passing test suite' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		partial-pass '2/3 tests passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #1' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test #2' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #3' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partial-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> not ok 2 - failing test #2
+	#	false
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo 'A failing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo 'A passing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
 	> 1..1
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out)
 "
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed one of two known breakages (run in sub test-lib)' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos \
+		'2 TODO tests, one passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'pretend we have a passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed another known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 2 - pretend we have a passing test
+	> ok 3 - pretend we have fixed another known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a pass, fail, and known breakage' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results1 'mixed results #1' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results1 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 3 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 1 among remaining 2 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a mix of all possible results' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results2 'mixed results #2' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results2 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> ok 2 - passing test
+	> ok 3 - passing test
+	> ok 4 - passing test
+	> not ok 5 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 6 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 7 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 8 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> not ok 9 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 10 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 2 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 3 among remaining 7 test(s)
+	> 1..10
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	mv test-verbose/out test-verbose/out+
+	grep -v "^Initialized empty" test-verbose/out+ >test-verbose/out &&
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose <<-\EOF
+	> expecting success: true
+	> Z
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> Z
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: false
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> Z
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose-only' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
+		--verbose-only=2 <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> Z
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_set_prereq HAVEIT
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
@@ -115,6 +312,38 @@
 	exit 1
 fi
 
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_TRUE true
+havetrue=no
+test_expect_success LAZY_TRUE 'test runs if lazy prereq is satisfied' '
+	havetrue=yes
+'
+donthavetrue=yes
+test_expect_success !LAZY_TRUE 'missing lazy prereqs skip tests' '
+	donthavetrue=no
+'
+
+if test "$havetrue$donthavetrue" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_FALSE false
+nothavefalse=no
+test_expect_success !LAZY_FALSE 'negative lazy prereqs checked' '
+	nothavefalse=yes
+'
+havefalse=yes
+test_expect_success LAZY_FALSE 'missing negative lazy prereqs will skip' '
+	havefalse=no
+'
+
+if test "$nothavefalse$havefalse" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: negative lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
 clean=no
 test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
 	test_when_finished clean=yes
@@ -127,19 +356,8 @@
 fi
 
 test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
-	mkdir failing-cleanup &&
-	(
-	cd failing-cleanup &&
-
-	cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<-EOF &&
-	#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-	test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
-
-	# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-	. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
-
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		failing-cleanup 'Failing tests with cleanup commands' <<-\\EOF &&
 	test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
 		touch clean-after-failure &&
 		test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
@@ -149,29 +367,21 @@
 		test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	'
 	test_done
-
 	EOF
-
-	chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
-	test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
-	! test -s err &&
-	! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
-	sed -e 's/Z$//' -e 's/^> //' >expect <<-\\EOF &&
-	> not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-cleanup <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - tests clean up even after a failure
 	> #	Z
 	> #	touch clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
 	> #	(exit 1)
 	> #	Z
-	> not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+	> not ok 2 - failure to clean up causes the test to fail
 	> #	Z
 	> #	test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
 	> #	Z
 	> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
 	> 1..2
 	EOF
-	test_cmp expect out
-	)
 "
 
 ################################################################
@@ -217,22 +427,6 @@
 
 # Various types of objects
 
-# Some filesystems do not support symblic links; on such systems
-# some expected values are different
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	expectfilter=cat
-	expectedtree=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
-	expectedptree1=21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
-	expectedptree2=3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
-else
-	expectfilter='grep -v sym'
-	expectedtree=8e18edf7d7edcf4371a3ac6ae5f07c2641db7c46
-	expectedptree1=cfb8591b2f65de8b8cc1020cd7d9e67e7793b325
-	expectedptree2=ce580448f0148b985a513b693fdf7d802cacb44f
-fi
-
-
 test_expect_success 'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add' '
 	mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3 &&
 	paths="path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3" &&
@@ -240,10 +434,7 @@
 		for p in $paths
 		do
 			echo "hello $p" >$p || exit 1
-			if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-			then
-				ln -s "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
-			fi
+			test_ln_s_add "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
 		done
 	) &&
 	find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add
@@ -255,7 +446,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files output for a known tree' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
 	120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
 	100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
@@ -273,14 +464,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$tree" = "$expectedtree"
+	test "$tree" = 087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree' '
     git ls-tree $tree >current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
@@ -297,7 +488,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
 	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
@@ -315,7 +506,7 @@
 	git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
 	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
@@ -337,7 +528,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree1"
+	test "$ptree" = 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
@@ -345,7 +536,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
-	test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree2"
+	test "$ptree" = 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'put invalid objects into the index' '
@@ -379,7 +570,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state' '
-	$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 :100644 100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0
 :120000 120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0sym
 :100644 100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2
@@ -403,7 +594,7 @@
 '
 
 ################################################################
-P=$expectedtree
+P=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit' '
 	commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index ad66410..9fb582b 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -379,6 +379,10 @@
 	test -d realgitdir/refs
 '
 
+test_expect_success 're-init on .git file' '
+	( cd newdir && git init )
+'
+
 test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
 	(
 	cd newdir &&
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index febc45c..0b98b6f 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -196,6 +196,54 @@
 	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'negative patterns' '
+	echo "!f test=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr test -- '"'"'!f'"'"' 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Negative patterns are ignored" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
+	echo "\!f test=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check "!f" foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" test' '
+	echo "**/f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: bar
+a/b/f: foo: bar
+a/b/c/f: foo: bar
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" with no slashes test' '
+	echo "a**f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: unspecified
+af: foo: bar
+axf: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/c/f: foo: unspecified
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "af" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "axf" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
 	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
 	cd bare.git
diff --git a/t/t0005-signals.sh b/t/t0005-signals.sh
index 93e58c0..981437b 100755
--- a/t/t0005-signals.sh
+++ b/t/t0005-signals.sh
@@ -20,4 +20,11 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'signals are propagated using shell convention' '
+	# we use exec here to avoid any sub-shell interpretation
+	# of the exit code
+	git config alias.sigterm "!exec test-sigchain" &&
+	test_expect_code 143 git sigterm
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0007-git-var.sh b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5868a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic sanity checks for git var'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'requested identites are strict' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		test_must_fail git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+	)
+'
+
+# For git var -l, we check only a representative variable;
+# testing the whole output would make our test too brittle with
+# respect to unrelated changes in the test suite's environment.
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists variables' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	sed -n s/GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT=//p <actual >actual.author &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.author
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists config' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo false >expect &&
+	sed -n s/core\\.bare=//p <actual >actual.bare &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.bare
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing and asking for variables are exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git var -l GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b4d98e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=check-ignore
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+init_vars () {
+	global_excludes="$(pwd)/global-excludes"
+}
+
+enable_global_excludes () {
+	init_vars &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$global_excludes"
+}
+
+expect_in () {
+	dest="$HOME/expected-$1" text="$2"
+	if test -z "$text"
+	then
+		>"$dest" # avoid newline
+	else
+		echo "$text" >"$dest"
+	fi
+}
+
+expect () {
+	expect_in stdout "$1"
+}
+
+expect_from_stdin () {
+	cat >"$HOME/expected-stdout"
+}
+
+test_stderr () {
+	expected="$1"
+	expect_in stderr "$1" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stderr" "$HOME/stderr"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/^"//; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/	"/	/; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/:\t\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+stderr_contains () {
+	regexp="$1"
+	if grep "$regexp" "$HOME/stderr"
+	then
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo "didn't find /$regexp/ in $HOME/stderr"
+		cat "$HOME/stderr"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+stderr_empty_on_success () {
+	expect_code="$1"
+	if test $expect_code = 0
+	then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		# If we expect failure then stderr might or might not be empty
+		# due to --quiet - the caller can check its contents
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+test_check_ignore () {
+	args="$1" expect_code="${2:-0}" global_args="$3"
+
+	init_vars &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stdout" "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo "$expect_code" >"$HOME/expected-exit-code" &&
+	test_expect_code "$expect_code" \
+		git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/stdout" 2>"$HOME/stderr" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stdout" "$HOME/stdout" &&
+	stderr_empty_on_success "$expect_code"
+}
+
+# Runs the same code with 4 different levels of output verbosity:
+#
+#   1. with -q / --quiet
+#   2. with default verbosity
+#   3. with -v / --verbose
+#   4. with -v / --verbose, *and* -n / --non-matching
+#
+# expecting success each time.  Takes advantage of the fact that
+# check-ignore --verbose output is the same as normal output except
+# for the extra first column.
+#
+# A parameter is used to determine if the tests are run with the
+# normal case (using the index), or with the --no-index option.
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   - (optional) prereqs for this test, e.g. 'SYMLINKS'
+#   - test name
+#   - output to expect from the fourth verbosity mode (the output
+#     from the other verbosity modes is automatically inferred
+#     from this value)
+#   - code to run (should invoke test_check_ignore)
+#   - index option: --index or --no-index
+test_expect_success_multiple () {
+	prereq=
+	if test $# -eq 5
+	then
+		prereq=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	if test "$4" = "--index"
+	then
+		no_index_opt=
+	else
+		no_index_opt=$4
+	fi
+	testname="$1" expect_all="$2" code="$3"
+
+	expect_verbose=$( echo "$expect_all" | grep -v '^::	' )
+	expect=$( echo "$expect_verbose" | sed -e 's/.*	//' )
+
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${no_index_opt:+ with $no_index_opt}" '
+		expect "$expect" &&
+		eval "$code"
+	'
+
+	# --quiet is only valid when a single pattern is passed
+	if test $( echo "$expect_all" | wc -l ) = 1
+	then
+		for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+		do
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$quiet_opt"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "
+			expect '' &&
+			$code
+		"
+		done
+		quiet_opt=
+	fi
+
+	for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+	do
+		for non_matching_opt in '' '-n' '--non-matching'
+		do
+			if test -n "$non_matching_opt"
+			then
+				my_expect="$expect_all"
+			else
+				my_expect="$expect_verbose"
+			fi
+
+			test_code="
+				expect '$my_expect' &&
+				$code
+			"
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$verbose_opt${non_matching_opt:+ $non_matching_opt}"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "$test_code"
+		done
+	done
+	verbose_opt=
+	non_matching_opt=
+	no_index_opt=
+}
+
+test_expect_success_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success_no_index_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--no-index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	init_vars &&
+	mkdir -p a/b/ignored-dir a/submodule b &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s b a/symlink
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd a/submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m"commit in submodule"
+	) &&
+	git add a/submodule &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >.gitignore &&
+		one
+		ignored-*
+		top-level-dir/
+	EOF
+	for dir in . a
+	do
+		: >$dir/not-ignored &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-and-untracked &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-but-in-index
+	done &&
+	git add -f ignored-but-in-index a/ignored-but-in-index &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/.gitignore &&
+		two*
+		*three
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/b/.gitignore &&
+		four
+		five
+		# this comment should affect the line numbers
+		six
+		ignored-dir/
+		# and so should this blank line:
+
+		!on*
+		!two
+	EOF
+	echo "seven" >a/b/ignored-dir/.gitignore &&
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >"$global_excludes" &&
+		globalone
+		!globaltwo
+		globalthree
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >>.git/info/exclude
+		per-repo
+	EOF
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test invalid inputs
+
+test_expect_success_multi '. corner-case' '::	.' '
+	test_check_ignore . 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'empty command line' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with empty STDIN' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" 1 </dev/null &&
+	test_stderr ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-q with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+do
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$quiet_opt $verbose_opt" "
+			expect '' &&
+			test_check_ignore '$quiet_opt $verbose_opt foo' 128 &&
+			stderr_contains 'fatal: cannot have both --quiet and --verbose'
+		"
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'erroneous use of --' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin -z with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin -z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin and superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'needs work tree' '' '
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo" 128
+	) &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test standard ignores
+
+# First make sure that the presence of a file in the working tree
+# does not impact results, but that the presence of a file in the
+# index does unless the --no-index option is used.
+
+for subdir in '' 'a/'
+do
+	if test -z "$subdir"
+	then
+		where="at top-level"
+	else
+		where="in subdir $subdir"
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing tracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing tracked file $where shown as ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+done
+
+# Having established the above, from now on we mostly test against
+# files which do not exist in the working tree or index.
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore' '
+	expect "a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore with --verbose'  '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--verbose a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory' '
+	expect "3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory with --verbose' '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--verbose 3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'nested include' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/one"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test ignored sub-directories
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'ignored sub-directory' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		foo
+		twoooo
+		../one
+		seven
+		../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	../one
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	seven
+		.gitignore:1:one	../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "-v foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of symlinks
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'symlink' '::	a/symlink' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink/foo" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''a/symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "symlink/foo" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of submodules
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/submodule/one" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "submodule/one" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of global ignore files
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore not yet enabled' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored a/globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		globalone
+		per-repo
+		globalthree
+		a/globalthree
+		a/per-repo
+		globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore with -v' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-EOF &&
+		$global_excludes:1:globalone	globalone
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		$global_excludes:3:globalthree	globalthree
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+		$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test --stdin
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	a/one
+	a/not-ignored
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	"a/b/one two"
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/not-ignored
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	one
+	a/one
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	a/b/one two
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	.gitignore:1:one	a/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	a/b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	a/b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -q' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	test_check_ignore "-v --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '$opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -q" "
+		expect "" &&
+		test_check_ignore '-q $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -v" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '-v $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+done
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	../one
+	../not-ignored
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	"b/one two"
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/not-ignored
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+# N.B. we deliberately end STDIN with a non-matching pattern in order
+# to test that the exit code indicates that one or more of the
+# provided paths is ignored - in other words, that it represents an
+# aggregation of all the results, not just the final result.
+
+cat <<-EOF >expected-all
+	.gitignore:1:one	../one
+	::	../not-ignored
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	::	not-ignored
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	b/two
+	::	b/not-ignored
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../b/globaltwo
+	::	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+grep -v '^::	' expected-all >expected-verbose
+sed -e 's/.*	//' expected-verbose >expected-default
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v -n' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-all &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v -n" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"'" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory with -v" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"' -v" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'streaming support for --stdin' '
+	mkfifo in out &&
+	(git check-ignore -n -v --stdin <in >out &) &&
+
+	# We cannot just "echo >in" because check-ignore would get EOF
+	# after echo exited; instead we open the descriptor in our
+	# shell, and then echo to the fd. We make sure to close it at
+	# the end, so that the subprocess does get EOF and dies
+	# properly.
+	#
+	# Similarly, we must keep "out" open so that check-ignore does
+	# not ever get SIGPIPE trying to write to us. Not only would that
+	# produce incorrect results, but then there would be no writer on the
+	# other end of the pipe, and we would potentially block forever trying
+	# to open it.
+	exec 9>in &&
+	exec 8<out &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 9>&-" &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 8<&-" &&
+	echo >&9 one &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^\.gitignore:1:one	one" &&
+	echo >&9 two &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^::	two"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94045c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for priority queue implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'basic ordering' '
+	test-prio-queue 2 6 3 10 9 5 7 4 5 8 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+2
+3
+4
+1
+5
+6
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mixed put and get' '
+	test-prio-queue 6 2 4 get 5 3 get get 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+NULL
+1
+2
+NULL
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'notice empty queue' '
+	test-prio-queue 1 2 get get get 1 2 get get get >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index 1a8f44c..e526184 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@
 	test $(git add doublewarn 2>&1 | grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: git diff demotes safecrlf=true to warn' '
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+	git diff HEAD
+'
+
+
 test_expect_success 'switch off autocrlf, safecrlf, reset HEAD' '
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 	git config core.safecrlf false &&
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
index e50f0f7..b92e6cb 100755
--- a/t/t0021-conversion.sh
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -190,4 +190,18 @@
 	test_must_fail git add test.fc
 '
 
+test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'filter large file' '
+	git config filter.largefile.smudge cat &&
+	git config filter.largefile.clean cat &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 2048); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >2GB &&
+	echo "2GB filter=largefile" >.gitattributes &&
+	git add 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err &&
+	rm -f 2GB &&
+	git checkout -- 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index ec6c1b3..4e9fa3c 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -26,18 +25,11 @@
 
 '
 
-"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
 test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
 
-	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../test.zip ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
index ccb0a3c..a8e84d8 100755
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -397,4 +397,39 @@
 	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'strip comments with changed comment char' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line followed by empty line' '
+	printf "# foo\n#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo\n\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with newline only' '
+	printf "#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--comment-lines with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with changed comment char' '
+	printf "; foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index 244a43c..65606df 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'test help' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 	shift &&
 	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
 	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 	shift &&
 	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
 	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 	esac &&
 	cat expect.err >>expect &&
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp expect output.err
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 	esac &&
 	cat expect.err >>expect &&
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output.err
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -b -vv -n -F my.file \
 	> output 2> output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test ! -s output.err
+	test_must_be_empty output.err
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --boolean --string2=321 \
 		--verbose --verbose --no-dry-run --abbrev=10 --file fi.le\
 		--obsolete > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'intermingled arguments' '
 	test-parse-options a1 --string 123 b1 --boolean -j 13 -- --boolean \
 		> output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -217,13 +217,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option' '
 	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option with "="' '
 	test-parse-options --int=2 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'non ambiguous option (after two options it abbreviates)' '
 	test-parse-options --st 123 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -ambiguous > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'keep some options as arguments' '
 	test-parse-options --quux > output 2> output.err &&
-        test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
         test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() and OPT_SET_PTR() work' '
 	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" --default-string \
 		foo -q > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and OPT_BIT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -352,13 +352,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -376,19 +376,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_COUNTUP() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
 	test-parse-options + + + + + + > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK() works' '
 	test-parse-options -12345 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'negation of OPT_NONEG flags is not ambiguous' '
 	test-parse-options --no-ambig >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 78816d9..6b3cedc 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -29,12 +29,10 @@
 if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
 '
@@ -43,20 +41,17 @@
 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
 	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
 	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
 	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
 	test "$v" = false
 '
 fi
 
 test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
-
 	git config core.ignorecase true &&
 	touch camelcase &&
 	git add camelcase &&
@@ -67,29 +62,23 @@
 	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename" &&
 	git checkout -f master
-
 '
 
 $test_case 'rename (case change)' '
-
 	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename"
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'merge (case change)' '
 	rm -f CamelCase &&
 	rm -f camelcase &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git merge topic
-
 '
 
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
-
+test_expect_failure CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'add (with different case)' '
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	rm camelcase &&
 	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
@@ -97,37 +86,31 @@
 	camel=$(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase) &&
 	test $(echo "$camel" | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	test "z$(git cat-file blob :$camel)" = z1
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
-
-  test_create_repo unicode &&
-  cd unicode &&
-  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial &&
-  git tag initial &&
-  git checkout -b topic &&
-  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
-  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
-  git commit -m rename &&
-  git checkout -f master
-
+	test_create_repo unicode &&
+	cd unicode &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode false &&
+	touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+	git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	git checkout -f master
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
- git commit -m rename
-
+	git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git reset --hard initial &&
- git merge topic
-
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0056-git-C.sh b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..99c0377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"-C <path>" option and its effects on other path-related options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" runs git from the directory <path>' '
+	test_create_repo dir1 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/a.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1" &&
+	(cd dir1 && git add a.txt && git commit -m "$msg") &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Multiple -C options: "-C dir1 -C dir2" is equivalent to "-C dir1/dir2"' '
+	test_create_repo dir1/dir2 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/dir2/b.txt &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 add b.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1/dir2" &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 commit -m "$msg" &&
+	git -C dir1 -C dir2 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir option: "-C c --git-dir=a.git" is equivalent to "--git-dir c/a.git"' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	mkdir c/a &&
+	mkdir c/a.git &&
+	(cd c/a.git && git init --bare) &&
+	echo 1 >c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a add a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a commit -m "initial" &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--git-dir=a.git -C c" is equivalent to "-C c --git-dir=a.git"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --work-tree option: "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"  is equivalent to "--work-tree=c/a --git-dir=c/a.git"' '
+	rm c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--work-tree=../a -C c/a.git" is equivalent to "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"' '
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >expected &&
+	git --work-tree=../a -C c/a.git status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir and --work-tree options - "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a"' '
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Relative followed by fullpath: "-C ./here -C /there" is equivalent to "-C /there"' '
+	echo "initial in dir1/dir2" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 -C "$(pwd)/dir1/dir2" log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index 4ef2345..07c10c8 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 norm_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$2")
 	test_expect_success $3 "normalize path: $1 => $2" \
-	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$2'"
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+relative_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$3")
+	test_expect_success $4 "relative path: $1 $2 => $3" \
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils relative_path '$1' '$2')\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
 # On Windows, we are using MSYS's bash, which mangles the paths.
@@ -34,8 +41,8 @@
 	 test \"\$actual\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
-# Absolute path tests must be skipped on Windows because due to path mangling
-# the test program never sees a POSIX-style absolute path
+# Some absolute path tests should be skipped on Windows due to path mangling
+# on POSIX-style absolute paths
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	;;
@@ -68,72 +75,57 @@
 norm_path d1/.../d2 d1/.../d2
 norm_path d1/..././../d2 d1/d2
 
-norm_path / / POSIX
+norm_path / /
 norm_path // / POSIX
 norm_path /// / POSIX
-norm_path /. / POSIX
+norm_path /. /
 norm_path /./ / POSIX
 norm_path /./.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /../. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /../. ++failed++
 norm_path /./../.// ++failed++ POSIX
 norm_path /dir/.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir// /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /./dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir/. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir///./ /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir /dir
+norm_path /dir// /dir/
+norm_path /./dir /dir
+norm_path /dir/. /dir/
+norm_path /dir///./ /dir/
+norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/
+norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/
 norm_path //dir/sub/../. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
+norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/
+norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/
+norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2
+norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2
+norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2
 
-ancestor / "" -1
 ancestor / / -1
-ancestor /foo "" -1
-ancestor /foo : -1
-ancestor /foo ::. -1
-ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
 ancestor /foo / 0
 ancestor /foo /fo -1
 ancestor /foo /foo -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
 ancestor /foo /bar -1
-ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
 ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
-ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar:/foo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar / 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
-ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
 
 test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
 	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
@@ -198,4 +190,37 @@
 	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
 '
 
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b	c/
+relative_path /foo/a//b//c/	///foo/a/b//	c/		POSIX
+relative_path /foo/a/b		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a/b/		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a		/foo/a/b	../
+relative_path /			/foo/a/b/	../../../
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b/	../c
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b	../c
+relative_path /foo/x/y		/foo/a/b/	../../x/y
+relative_path /foo/a/b		"<empty>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b 		"<null>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b		c/
+relative_path foo/a/b//c	foo/a//b	c
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b/	./
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b		./
+relative_path foo/a		foo/a/b		../
+relative_path foo/x/y		foo/a/b		../../x/y
+relative_path foo/a/c		foo/a/b		../c
+relative_path foo/a/b		/foo/x/y	foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b		foo/x/y		/foo/a/b
+relative_path d:/a/b		D:/a/c		../b		MINGW
+relative_path C:/a/b		D:/a/c		C:/a/b		MINGW
+relative_path foo/a/b		"<empty>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b 		"<null>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path "<empty>"		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		/foo/a/b	./
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0063-string-list.sh b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
index 41c8826..dbfc05e 100755
--- a/t/t0063-string-list.sh
+++ b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
@@ -17,14 +17,6 @@
 	"
 }
 
-test_longest_prefix () {
-	test "$(test-string-list longest_prefix "$1" "$2")" = "$3"
-}
-
-test_no_longest_prefix () {
-	test_must_fail test-string-list longest_prefix "$1" "$2"
-}
-
 test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "-1" <<EOF
 3
 [0]: "foo"
@@ -96,26 +88,4 @@
 	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:b:b:b:c:c:c)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success "test longest_prefix" '
-	test_no_longest_prefix - '' &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix - x &&
-	test_longest_prefix "" x "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix x x x &&
-	test_longest_prefix "" foo "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix : foo "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix f foo f &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo foobar foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo foo foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix bar foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix bar:bar foo &&
-	test_no_longest_prefix foobar foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:bar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:bar bar bar &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo::bar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo:foobar foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foobar:foo foo foo &&
-	test_longest_prefix foo: bar "" &&
-	test_longest_prefix :foo bar ""
-'
-
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
index da2c504..5ed69a6 100755
--- a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 	grep "doesnotexist/test" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	mkdir cannotwrite &&
 	chmod -w cannotwrite &&
 	test_when_finished "chmod +w cannotwrite" &&
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 	grep "cannotwrite/test" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git_mkstemps_mode does not fail if fd 0 is not open' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m message <&-
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check for a bug in the regex routines' '
 	# if this test fails, re-build git with NO_REGEX=1
 	test-regex
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
index 315b9b3..e0a6940 100755
--- a/t/t0100-previous.sh
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 	test_commit B &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	test_commit C &&
+	test_commit D &&
 	git branch -f master B &&
 	git branch -f other &&
 	git checkout other &&
@@ -35,14 +36,24 @@
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}~1' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1}~1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-100} before checking out that many branches yet' '
 	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard B &&
 	git branch -f other C &&
 	git checkout other &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-100}
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8d6096d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='urlmatch URL normalization'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# The base name of the test url files
+tu="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t0110/url"
+
+# Note that only file: URLs should be allowed without a host
+
+test_expect_success 'url scheme' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "_" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x_test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "-test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "0test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "+test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization ".test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "schem%6e://" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "x-Test+v1.0://acme.co" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "AbCdeF://x.Y")" = "abcdef://x.y/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url authority' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://#" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:///" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://user:pass@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file:///" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%00@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%%@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host_" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://hos%41/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[invalid....:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:[/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:["
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port checks' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000000" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000001?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:065535#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65535" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65536" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:99999" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100000" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100001" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@:8008" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:8080" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:000/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0%300/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0x80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:4294967297/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:030f/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port normalization' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:0800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:00000800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:065535")" = "http://x:65535/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:1")" = "http://x:1/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:80")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:000000080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:0443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:000000443")" = "https://x/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url general escapes' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://x.y?%fg" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/%7e%41^%3a")" = "x://w/~A%5E%3A" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/:/?#[]@")" = "x://w/:/?#[]@" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/$&()*+,;=")" = "x://w/$&()*+,;=" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/'\''")" = "x://w/'\''" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W?'\!'")" = "x://w/?'\!'"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url high-bit escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-1")")" = "x://q/%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%0E%0F%10%11%12" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-2")")" = "x://q/%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F%7F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-3")")" = "x://q/%80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-4")")" = "x://q/%90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-5")")" = "x://q/%A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-6")")" = "x://q/%B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-7")")" = "x://q/%C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-8")")" = "x://q/%D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-9")")" = "x://q/%E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-10")")" = "x://q/%F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-11")")" = "x://q/%C2%80%DF%BF%E0%A0%80%EF%BF%BD%F0%90%80%80%F0%AF%BF%BD"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url username/password escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://%41%62(^):%70+d@foo")" = "x://Ab(%5E):p+d@foo/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url normalized lengths' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host")" = 25 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://%41:%42@x.y/%61/")" = 17 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://@x.y/^")" = 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url . and .. segments' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.")" = "x://y/a" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./")" = "x://y/a/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.?")" = "x://y/a?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?")" = "x://y/a/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c")" = "x://y/c" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/../.././c/")" = "x://y/c/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?/././..")" = "x://y/a/?/././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2e/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/%2e./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/b/.%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/c/%2e%2E/")" = "x://y/"
+'
+
+# http://@foo specifies an empty user name but does not specify a password
+# http://foo  specifies neither a user name nor a password
+# So they should not be equivalent
+test_expect_success 'url equivalents' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "httP://x" "Http://X/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host" "hTTP://Me:%4D^p@the.HOST:80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://x.y:443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://@x.y:0443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/../abc" "httpS://@x.y:0443/abc" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/.." "httpS://@x.y:0443/"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110/README b/t/t0110/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad4a50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The url data files in this directory contain URLs with characters
+in the range 0x01-0x1f and 0x7f-0xff to test the proper normalization
+of unprintable characters.
+
+A select few characters in the 0x01-0x1f range are skipped to help
+avoid problems running the test itself.
+
+The urls are in test files in this directory rather than being
+embedded in the test script for portability.
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-1 b/t/t0110/url-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..519019c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-10 b/t/t0110/url-10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9965de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-10
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-11 b/t/t0110/url-11
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0a50f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-11
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€߿ࠀ�𐀀𯿽
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-2 b/t/t0110/url-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43334b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-3 b/t/t0110/url-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7378c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-4 b/t/t0110/url-4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220b198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-4
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-5 b/t/t0110/url-5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ccd927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-5
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-6 b/t/t0110/url-6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8283aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-6
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-7 b/t/t0110/url-7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa7c10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-7
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-8 b/t/t0110/url-8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79a0ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-9 b/t/t0110/url-9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b44bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-9
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîï
diff --git a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
index 428ebb0..a29d166 100755
--- a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
+++ b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl Git::I18N API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
index b3ae7d5..3e72aff 100755
--- a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
+test_expect_success 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b sym-b side-b &&
@@ -170,15 +170,14 @@
 	rm -fr a &&
 	git checkout -b sym-a side-a &&
 	mkdir -p a &&
-	ln -s ../b a/b &&
-	git add a/b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../b a/b &&
 	git commit -m "we add a/b" &&
 
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS,SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
+test_expect_success SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
 
 	rm -fr a b &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
index f53de79..0745685 100755
--- a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
@@ -8,84 +8,99 @@
 # two-tree test
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-  git init &&
-  mkdir df &&
-  echo content >df/file &&
-  git add df/file &&
-  git commit -m one &&
-  git ls-files >expect &&
-  rm -rf df &&
-  echo content >df &&
-  git add df &&
-  echo content >new &&
-  git add new &&
-  git commit -m two
+	git init &&
+	mkdir df &&
+	echo content >df/file &&
+	git add df/file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git ls-files >expect &&
+	rm -rf df &&
+	echo content >df &&
+	git add df &&
+	echo content >new &&
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -m two
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
-  git ls-files >actual &&
-  test_cmp expect actual
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should remove remnants from a failed merge' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way reset should remove remnants too' '
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain reset should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git reset --hard &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f HEAD should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index d8b7f2f..1687098 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -36,66 +36,76 @@
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct" '
-        test $type = "$(git cat-file -t $sha1)"
+	echo $type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct" '
-        test $size = "$(git cat-file -s $sha1)"
+	echo $size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "Content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Pretty content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "--batch output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "--batch-check output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$sha1 $type $size"
-	actual="$(echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	echo "$sha1 $type $size" >expect &&
+	echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "custom --batch-check format" '
+	echo "$type $sha1" >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(objectname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success '--batch-check with %(rest)' '
+	echo "$type this is some extra content" >expect &&
+	echo "$sha1    this is some extra content" |
+		git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(rest)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without type ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$size" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objectsize)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without size ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$type" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objecttype)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 }
 
@@ -110,15 +120,23 @@
 
 run_tests 'blob' $hello_sha1 $hello_size "$hello_content" "$hello_content"
 
+test_expect_success '--batch-check without %(rest) considers whole line' '
+	echo "$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size" >expect &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $hello_sha1 "white space" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove \"white space\"" &&
+	echo ":white space" | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
 tree_size=33
 tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
 
 run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
 
-commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_message="Initial commit"
 commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
-commit_size=176
+commit_size=177
 commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
@@ -135,14 +153,11 @@
 tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
 
 $tag_description"
-tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
-
-$tag_description"
 
 tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
 tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
 
-run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_content" 1
 
 test_expect_success \
     "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
@@ -201,6 +216,12 @@
     test " missing" = "$(echo | git cat-file --batch-check)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'empty --batch-check notices missing object' '
+	echo "$_z40 missing" >expect &&
+	echo "$_z40" | git cat-file --batch-check="" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 batch_input="$hello_sha1
 $commit_sha1
 $tag_sha1
diff --git a/t/t1010-mktree.sh b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
index df573c4..b946f87 100755
--- a/t/t1010-mktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (1)' '
-	"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" <top |
+	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top |
 	git mktree >actual &&
 	test_cmp tree actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (2)' '
-	"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" <top.withsub |
+	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top.withsub |
 	git mktree >actual &&
 	test_cmp tree.withsub actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 5c0053a..0c74bee 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -250,4 +250,28 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout without --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout . &&
+	test_path_is_missing init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits . &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index e23ac0e..1e2945e 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
 	(
-		git config alias.ss status &&
+		git config alias.test-status-alias status &&
 		cd dir &&
 		git status &&
-		git ss
+		git test-status-alias
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 	pwd >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test !pwd &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory !pwd &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 	printf "dir/" >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3f87051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='see how we handle various forms of corruption'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# convert "1234abcd" to ".git/objects/12/34abcd"
+obj_to_file() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/objects/$(git rev-parse "$1" | sed 's,..,&/,')"
+}
+
+# Convert byte at offset "$2" of object "$1" into '\0'
+corrupt_byte() {
+	obj_file=$(obj_to_file "$1") &&
+	chmod +w "$obj_file" &&
+	printf '\0' | dd of="$obj_file" bs=1 seek="$2" conv=notrunc
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup corrupt repo' '
+	git init bit-error &&
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		corrupt_byte HEAD:content.t 10
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with missing object' '
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		rm -f "$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with misnamed object' '
+	git init misnamed &&
+	(
+		cd misnamed &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		good=$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t) &&
+		blob=$(echo corrupt | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		bad=$(obj_to_file $blob) &&
+		rm -f "$good" &&
+		mv "$bad" "$good"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'streaming a corrupt blob fails' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob HEAD:content.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects bit-errors in blobs' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects missing objects' '
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# We use --bare to make sure that the transport detects it, not the checkout
+# phase.
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare bit-error corrupt-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare missing missing-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects misnamed object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare misnamed misnamed-transport
+'
+
+# We do not expect --local to detect corruption at the transport layer,
+# so we are really checking the checkout() code path.
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local bit-error corrupt-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error detected during checkout leaves repo intact' '
+	test_path_is_dir corrupt-checkout/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects missing objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local missing missing-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone --local detects misnamed objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local misnamed misnamed-checkout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index 7c4c372..9673593 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,13 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' \
-	'git config core.penguin kingpin !blue'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' '
+	git config core.penguin kingpin !blue
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' \
-	'git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' '
+	git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [core]
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@
 lines
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' \
-	'git config --unset beta.baz'
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' '
+	git config --unset beta.baz
+'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [alpha]
@@ -133,8 +136,9 @@
 
 cp .git/config .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset' \
-	'git config --unset-all beta.haha'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset' '
+	git config --unset-all beta.haha
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cp .git/config2 .git/config
 
@@ -156,8 +162,9 @@
 
 rm .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success '--replace-all' \
-	'git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma'
+test_expect_success '--replace-all' '
+	git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -169,7 +176,9 @@
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'all replaced' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'all replaced' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -200,7 +209,11 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get value' 'test alpha = $(git config beta.haha)'
+test_expect_success 'get value' '
+	echo alpha >expect &&
+	git config beta.haha >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -231,18 +244,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match' \
-	'git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for'
-
-test_expect_success 'non-match value' \
-	'test wow = $(git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for)'
-
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous get' '
-	test_must_fail git config --get nextsection.nonewline
+test_expect_success 'non-match' '
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get multivar' \
-	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline'
+test_expect_success 'non-match value' '
+	echo wow >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get returns final one' '
+	echo "wow2 for me" >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get-all returns all' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	wow
+	wow2 for me
+	EOF
+	git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -259,10 +284,6 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous value' '
-	test_must_fail git config nextsection.nonewline
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous unset' '
 	test_must_fail git config --unset nextsection.nonewline
 '
@@ -290,8 +311,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'correct key' 'git config 123456.a123 987'
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' \
-	'git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' '
+	git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -307,7 +329,9 @@
 	Alpha = beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent=sillyValue
@@ -316,9 +340,10 @@
 version.1.2.3eX.alpha=beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'working --list' \
-	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
-
+test_expect_success 'working --list' '
+	git config --list > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
@@ -332,8 +357,10 @@
 nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--get-regexp' \
-	'git config --get-regexp in > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success '--get-regexp' '
+	git config --get-regexp in >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 wow2 for me
@@ -353,41 +380,48 @@
 	variable =
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get novalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' '
+	git config --get novalue.variable ^$
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$
+'
 
 echo novalue.variable > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' '
+	git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'novalue.variable true' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'emptyvalue.variable ' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo true > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo false > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' '
+	git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'no arguments, but no crash' '
 	test_must_fail git config >output 2>&1 &&
@@ -427,8 +461,9 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' \
-	'test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l'
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l
+'
 
 cat > other-config << EOF
 [ein]
@@ -444,8 +479,10 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' \
-	'git config --file other-config -l > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' '
+	git config --file other-config -l > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 	mkdir x &&
@@ -489,8 +526,9 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename section" \
-	"git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'rename section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -503,17 +541,22 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename non-existing section" '
+test_expect_success 'rename non-existing section' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section \
 		branch."world domination" branch.drei
 '
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename another section" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei'
+test_expect_success 'rename another section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -526,14 +569,17 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
 [branch "vier"] z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename a section with a var on the same line" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei'
+test_expect_success 'rename a section with a var on the same line' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -548,7 +594,9 @@
 	z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'renaming empty section name is rejected' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei ""
@@ -562,7 +610,9 @@
   [branch "zwei"] a = 1 [branch "vier"]
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "remove section" "git config --remove-section branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'remove section' '
+	git config --remove-section branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -571,8 +621,9 @@
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "section was removed properly" \
-	"test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'section was removed properly' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [gitcvs]
@@ -583,7 +634,6 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'section ending' '
-
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config gitcvs.enabled true &&
 	git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
@@ -593,30 +643,32 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success numbers '
-
 	git config kilo.gram 1k &&
 	git config mega.ton 1m &&
-	k=$(git config --int --get kilo.gram) &&
-	test z1024 = "z$k" &&
-	m=$(git config --int --get mega.ton) &&
-	test z1048576 = "z$m"
+	echo 1024 >expect &&
+	echo 1048576 >>expect &&
+	git config --int --get kilo.gram >actual &&
+	git config --int --get mega.ton >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-fatal: bad config value for 'aninvalid.unit' in .git/config
-EOF
+test_expect_success '--int is at least 64 bits' '
+	git config giga.watts 121g &&
+	echo 129922760704 >expect &&
+	git config --int --get giga.watts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
-
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
-	s=$(git config aninvalid.unit) &&
-	test "z1auto" = "z$s" &&
-	if git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual
-	then
-		echo config should have failed
-		false
-	fi &&
-	cmp actual expect
+	echo 1auto >expect &&
+	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	fatal: bad numeric config value '\''1auto'\'' for '\''aninvalid.unit'\'' in .git/config: invalid unit
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -646,7 +698,7 @@
 	    git config --bool --get bool.true$i >>result
 	    git config --bool --get bool.false$i >>result
         done &&
-	cmp expect result'
+	test_cmp expect result'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid bool (--get)' '
 
@@ -680,7 +732,7 @@
 	git config --bool bool.false2 "" &&
 	git config --bool bool.false3 nO &&
 	git config --bool bool.false4 FALSE &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [int]
@@ -695,39 +747,37 @@
 	git config --int int.val1 01 &&
 	git config --int int.val2 -1 &&
 	git config --int int.val3 5m &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-[bool]
-	true1 = true
+test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[bool]
+	true1
 	true2 = true
-	false1 = false
-	false2 = false
-[int]
+	false = false
+	[int]
 	int1 = 0
 	int2 = 1
 	int3 = -1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
-	rm -f .git/config &&
-	(
-		echo "[bool]"
-		echo true1
-		echo true2 = true
-		echo false = false
-		echo "[int]"
-		echo int1 = 0
-		echo int2 = 1
-		echo int3 = -1
-	) >>.git/config &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true1) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true2) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.false) = false &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int1) = 0 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int2) = 1 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int3) = -1
-
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	true
+	true
+	false
+	0
+	1
+	-1
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.false &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int3
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -849,7 +899,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'value continued on next line' '
 	git config --list > result &&
-	cmp result expect
+	test_cmp result expect
 '
 
 cat > .git/config <<\EOF
@@ -885,11 +935,12 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
 	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
-	test "z$(git config section.val)" = "zfoo 	  bar"
+	echo "foo 	  bar" >expect &&
+	git config section.val >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
-
 	ln -s notyet myconfig &&
 	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.frotz nitfol &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
@@ -898,9 +949,15 @@
 	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.xyzzy rezrov &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy)" = zrezrov
-
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	nitfol
+	rezrov
+	EOF
+	{
+		GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz &&
+		GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
@@ -932,12 +989,20 @@
 	git commit -m 'initial commit' &&
 	git config branch.master.mergeoptions 'echo \"' &&
 	test_must_fail git merge master
-	"
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'git -c "key=value" support' '
-	test "z$(git -c core.name=value config core.name)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag)" = ztrue &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	value
+	value
+	true
+	EOF
+	{
+		git -c core.name=value config core.name &&
+		git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase &&
+		git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test_must_fail git -c name=value config core.name
 '
 
@@ -1029,4 +1094,64 @@
 	grep " line 3 " error
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'urlmatch' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+	EOF
+
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.SSLverify https://good.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo false >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt &&
+		echo http.sslverify false
+	} >expect &&
+	git config --get-urlmatch HTTP https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# good section hygiene
+test_expect_failure 'unsetting the last key in a section removes header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	# a comment specific to this "section" section.
+	[section]
+	# some intervening lines
+	# that should also be dropped
+
+	key = value
+	# please be careful when you update the above variable
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	EOF
+
+	git config --unset section.key &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'adding a key into an empty section reuses header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	EOF
+
+	q_to_tab >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	Qkey = value
+	EOF
+
+	git config section.key value
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1307-config-blob.sh b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fdc257e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='support for reading config from a blob'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create config blob' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = 1
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'list config blob contents' '
+	echo some.value=1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch value from blob' '
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --bool some.value >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading non-existing value from blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config non.existing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from blob and file is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --system --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from missing ref is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:doesnotexist --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from non-blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --unset some.value
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --edit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse errors in blobs are properly attributed' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = "
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m broken &&
+
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value 2>err &&
+
+	# just grep for our token as the exact error message is likely to
+	# change or be internationalized
+	grep "HEAD:config" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index e415ee0..6ffd82f 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -302,4 +302,636 @@
 	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F (expect OTHER)' \
 	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F")'
 
+a=refs/heads/a
+b=refs/heads/b
+c=refs/heads/c
+E='""'
+F='%s\0'
+pws='path with space'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin test setup' '
+	echo "$pws" >"$pws" &&
+	git add -- "$pws" &&
+	git commit -m "$pws"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-z fails without --stdin' '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z $m $m $m 2>err &&
+	grep "usage: git update-ref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin works with no input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on only whitespace' '
+	echo " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on leading whitespace' '
+	echo " create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unknown command' '
+	echo "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on badly quoted input' '
+	echo "create $a \"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on arguments not separated by space' '
+	echo "create \"$a\"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: expected SP but got: master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no ref' '
+	echo "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with bad ref name' '
+	echo "create ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no new value' '
+	echo "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with too many arguments' '
+	echo "create $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no ref' '
+	echo "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with bad ref name' '
+	echo "update ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no new value' '
+	echo "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with too many arguments' '
+	echo "update $a $m $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with no ref' '
+	echo "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	echo "delete ~a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	echo "delete $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	echo "verify $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a has extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails option with unknown name' '
+	echo "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails with duplicate refs' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	create $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	create $a $m
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works' '
+	echo "create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $E" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	echo "create refs/blobs/pws \"$m:$pws\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid old value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	echo "create $c does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid new value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	echo "create $c " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c given zero new value" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m~1 $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "delete $a $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	echo "delete $a " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a given zero old value" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	update TESTSYMREF $a $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	delete TESTSYMREF $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "delete $b $m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update/create/verify combination works' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	verify $c
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs works with identity updates' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c $Z $E
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c  ''
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	delete $a $m
+	update $b $Z $m
+	update $c $E $m~1
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z works on empty input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command: " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty command' '
+	printf $F "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on only whitespace' '
+	printf $F " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on leading whitespace' '
+	printf $F " create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on unknown command' '
+	printf $F "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no ref' '
+	printf $F "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "create ~a " "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no new value' '
+	printf $F "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no ref' '
+	printf $F "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "update ~a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no new value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no old value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no ref' '
+	printf $F "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete line missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	printf $F "delete ~a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with no old value' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a missing \\[<oldvalue>\\] NUL" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails option with unknown name' '
+	printf $F "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails with duplicate refs' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "create $b" "$m" "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	printf $F "create refs/blobs/pws" "$m:$pws" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid old value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid new value for ref $c: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c given zero new value" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m~1" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a given zero old value" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "update TESTSYMREF" "$a" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "delete TESTSYMREF" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $b" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update/create/verify combination works' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "" "create $b" "$m" "verify $c" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs works with identity updates' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$Z" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "update $b" "$Z" "$m" "update $c" "" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
index 2c96551..36378b0 100755
--- a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -33,4 +33,34 @@
 '
 reset_to_sane
 
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes dangling HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/missing &&
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/missing &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete missing FOO' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete FOO, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d FOO >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete real ref' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete refs/heads/foo, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d refs/heads/foo >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 1ae4d87..1a5a5f3 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		test_must_fail git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
diff --git a/t/t1403-show-ref.sh b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3e500ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='show-ref'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated A" A &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated B" B &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch B A^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q D >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -d' '
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A^0) "refs/tags/A^{}"
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/C) refs/tags/C
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d A C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d tags/A tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/tags/A refs/tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master) refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+	git show-ref -d --verify refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --heads, --tags, --head, pattern' '
+	for branch in B master side
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/$branch) refs/heads/$branch
+	done >expect.heads &&
+	git show-ref --heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.heads actual &&
+
+	for tag in A B C
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/$tag) refs/tags/$tag
+	done >expect.tags &&
+	git show-ref --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.tags actual &&
+
+	cat expect.heads expect.tags >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		cat expect.heads expect.tags
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags --head >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B^0) "refs/tags/B^{}"
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head -d B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
index 9a105fe..6f47c0d 100755
--- a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
+++ b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
@@ -144,4 +144,26 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# This guards against the alternative of showing the diffs vs. the
+# reflog ancestor.  The reflog used is designed to list the commits
+# more than once, so as to exercise the corresponding logic.
+test_expect_success 'git log -g -p shows diffs vs. parents' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	git branch flipflop &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip1 HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flop1 HEAD &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip2 HEAD^ &&
+	git log -g -p flipflop >reflog &&
+	grep -v ^Reflog reflog >actual &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD^ >log.one &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD >log.two &&
+	(
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two; echo
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 08aa24c..d730734 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -237,4 +237,35 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices "." and ".." in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dots &&
+		cd dots &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.
+		100644 blob $blob$tab..
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\." out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ".git" in trees' '
+	(
+		git init dotgit &&
+		cd dotgit &&
+		blob=$(echo foo | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		tab=$(printf "\\t") &&
+		git mktree <<-EOF &&
+		100644 blob $blob$tab.git
+		EOF
+		git fsck 2>out &&
+		cat out &&
+		grep "warning.*\\.git" out
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index cce87a5..3d51615 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s sub top
+fi
 
 mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
 cd sub/dir || exit 1
@@ -68,6 +72,19 @@
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top_slash
+
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_slash_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+fi
+
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
 test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
 
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
index d709ecf..4969edb 100755
--- a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -32,32 +32,24 @@
 #
 # and 'side' should be the last branch
 
-test_rev_equivalent () {
-
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-
-}
-
 test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+	test_cmp_rev side @{-1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+	test_cmp_rev side~2 @{-1}~2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+	test_cmp_rev side^2 @{-1}^2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+	test_cmp_rev side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+	test_cmp_rev master @{-2}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
index f950c10..613d9bf 100755
--- a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -196,4 +196,28 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (missing)' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (file)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (ambiguous)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/foobar HEAD &&
+	{
+		# we do not want to use rev-parse here, because
+		# we are testing it
+		cat .git/refs/heads/foobar &&
+		printf "%s\n" --
+	} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse foobar -- >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index d6e5761..178694e 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 	 test_commit 4 &&
 	 git branch --track my-side origin/side &&
 	 git branch --track local-master master &&
+	 git branch --track fun@ny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track @funny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track funny@ origin/side &&
 	 git remote add -t master master-only .. &&
 	 git fetch master-only &&
 	 git branch bad-upstream &&
@@ -54,6 +57,28 @@
 	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ in middle' '
+	full_name fun@ny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at start' '
+	full_name @funny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at end' '
+	full_name funny@@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs/heads/my-side@{upstream} does not resolve to my-side{upstream}' '
+	test_must_fail full_name refs/heads/my-side@{upstream}
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit 5 &&
@@ -125,8 +150,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message non-tracking@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -134,8 +158,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -143,8 +166,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
 	EOF
 	error_message no-such-branch@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -152,8 +174,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: HEAD does not point to a branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: HEAD does not point to a branch
 	EOF
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
@@ -162,8 +183,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message if upstream branch not fetched' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	error: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
-	fatal: Needed a single revision
+	fatal: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
 	EOF
 	error_message bad-upstream@{u} 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -211,4 +231,20 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '@{reflog}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{yesterday} &&
+	git add @{yesterday} &&
+	git commit -m "funny reflog file" &&
+	git hash-object @{yesterday} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{yesterday} >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{upstream}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{upstream} &&
+	git add @{upstream} &&
+	git commit -m "funny upstream file" &&
+	git hash-object @{upstream} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{upstream} >actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
index d5d6244..078e119 100755
--- a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
+++ b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check() {
-test_expect_${3:-success} "$1 = $2" "
-	echo '$2' >expect &&
-	git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-"
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "$1 = $3" "
+		echo '$3' >expect &&
+		if test '$2' = 'commit'
+		then
+			git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual
+		elif test '$2' = 'ref'
+		then
+			git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name '$1' >actual
+		else
+			git cat-file -p '$1' >actual
+		fi &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	"
 }
+
 nonsense() {
-test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
-	test_must_fail git log -1 '$1'
-"
+	test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify '$1'
+	"
 }
+
 fail() {
 	"$@" failure
 }
@@ -25,27 +35,64 @@
 	git checkout -b upstream-branch &&
 	test_commit upstream-one &&
 	test_commit upstream-two &&
+	git checkout -b @/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @@/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @at-test &&
 	git checkout -b old-branch &&
 	test_commit old-one &&
 	test_commit old-two &&
 	git checkout -b new-branch &&
 	test_commit new-one &&
 	test_commit new-two &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.merge refs/heads/master &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.merge refs/heads/upstream-branch
+	git branch -u master old-branch &&
+	git branch -u upstream-branch new-branch
 '
 
-check HEAD new-two
-check "@{1}" new-one
-check "@{-1}" old-two
-check "@{-1}@{1}" old-one
-check "@{u}" upstream-two
-check "@{u}@{1}" upstream-one
-check "@{-1}@{u}" master-two
-check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" master-one
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/new-branch
+check "@{1}" commit new-one
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-one
+check "@{now}" commit new-two
+check "HEAD@{now}" commit new-two
+check "@{-1}" ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "@{-1}@{0}" commit old-two
+check "@{-1}@{1}" commit old-one
+check "@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "HEAD@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@{u}@{1}" commit upstream-one
+check "@{-1}@{u}" ref refs/heads/master
+check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" commit master-one
+check "@" commit new-two
+check "@@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@@/at-test
+check "@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@/at-test
+check "@at-test" ref refs/heads/@at-test
 nonsense "@{u}@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{0}@{0}"
 nonsense "@{1}@{u}"
+nonsense "HEAD@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{-1}@{-1}"
+
+# @{N} versus HEAD@{N}
+
+check "HEAD@{3}" commit old-two
+nonsense "@{3}"
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to old-branch' '
+	git checkout old-branch
+'
+
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-two
+check "@{1}" commit old-one
+
+test_expect_success 'create path with @' '
+	echo content >normal &&
+	echo content >fun@ny &&
+	git add normal fun@ny &&
+	git commit -m "funny path"
+'
+
+check "@:normal" blob content
+check "@:fun@ny" blob content
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
index c5334a8..6269117 100755
--- a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
+++ b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 R="$1"
 
-[ -n "$R" ] || die "Usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
+[ -n "$R" ] || die "usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
 [ -x git ] || die "This script needs to be executed at git source code's top directory"
 [ -x /bin/busybox ] || die "You need busybox"
 
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 80aedfc..cf2ee78 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -517,6 +517,25 @@
 		"$here/16c/.git" "(null)" "$here/16c/sub" "(null)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#16d: bareness preserved across alias' '
+	setup_repo 16d unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16d/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		git config alias.st status &&
+		test_must_fail git st
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16e: bareness preserved by --bare' '
+	setup_repo 16e unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16e/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		test_must_fail git --bare status
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '#17: GIT_WORK_TREE without explicit GIT_DIR is accepted (bare case)' '
 	# Just like #16.
 	setup_repo 17a unset "" true &&
diff --git a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
index eaefc77..15973f2 100755
--- a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
+++ b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,13 @@
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{tree}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ref^{tag}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD^{tag} &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag >expected &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{tag} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'ref^{/.}' '
 	git rev-parse master >expected &&
 	git rev-parse master^{/.} >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
index 6b3d797..4a155c8 100755
--- a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
+++ b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree' '
 	commit=$(echo "d7xm" | git commit-tree 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is fffff2e and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
 	test $(git rev-parse $commit^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000cdc)
 '
 
@@ -99,10 +100,14 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit' '
 	commit=$(echo "hoaxj" | git commit-tree 0000000000cdc -p 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is ffffffd8 and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
 	test $(git rev-parse $commit^) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000e4f)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# These are underspecified from the prefix-length point of view
+	# to disambiguate the commit with other objects, but there is only
+	# one commit that has 00000* prefix at this point.
 	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
 	git log ..000000000 &&
 	git log 000000000.. &&
@@ -112,16 +117,19 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-parse name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git rev-parse 000000000..000000000 &&
 	git rev-parse ..000000000 &&
 	git rev-parse 000000000..
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git log 000000000
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git reset takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
 	git reset 000000000
 '
 
@@ -131,26 +139,30 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'two semi-ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# At this point, we have a tag 0000000000f8f that points
+	# at a commit 0000000000e4f, and a tree and a blob that
+	# share 0000000000 prefix with these tag and commit.
+	#
 	# Once the parser becomes ultra-smart, it could notice that
-	# 110282 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
+	# 0000000000 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
 	# that only two (HEAD and v1.0.0 tag) can be peeled to commit,
 	# and that peeling them down to commit yield the same commit
 	# without ambiguity.
-	git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{commit} &&
 
 	# likewise
-	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
-	git log ..000000000 &&
-	git log 000000000.. &&
-	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
-	git log ...000000000 &&
-	git log 000000000...
+	git log 0000000000..0000000000 &&
+	git log ..0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000.. &&
+	git log 0000000000...0000000000 &&
+	git log ...0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000...
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'three semi-ambiguous tree-ish' '
 	# Likewise for tree-ish.  HEAD, v1.0.0 and HEAD^{tree} share
 	# the prefix but peeling them to tree yields the same thing
-	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{tree}
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{tree}
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'parse describe name' '
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@
 	# Now there are many commits that begin with the
 	# common prefix, none of these should pick one at
 	# random.  They all should result in ambiguity errors.
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 110282^{commit} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 00000000^{commit} &&
 
 	# likewise
 	test_must_fail git log 000000000..000000000 &&
@@ -261,4 +273,22 @@
 	test "$(sed -e "s/^\(.........\).*/\1/" actual | sort -u)" = 000000000
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous 40-hex ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $REF &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous short sha1 ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $VAL &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..87ec3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests for rev-parse --prefix'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p sub1/sub2 &&
+	echo top >top &&
+	echo file1 >sub1/file1 &&
+	echo file2 >sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git add top sub1/file1 sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git commit -m commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" -- top sub1/file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	top
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- file1 sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/file1
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- ../file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- ../top sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/../top
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" HEAD:./top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:./file1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:sub1/file1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:../path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:../top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix ignored with HEAD:top' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate path with valid prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file and refs with prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ master file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	$(git rev-parse master)
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-levels deep' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/sub2/ -- file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
index 98aa73e..1fc8e63 100755
--- a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
+++ b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@
     'git read-tree -m $tree1 && git checkout-index -f -a'
 test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git update-index --add a symlink.' \
-    'ln -s path0 path1 &&
-     git update-index --add path1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'add a symlink' \
+    'test_ln_s_add path0 path1'
 test_expect_success \
     'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
     'tree3=$(git write-tree)'
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
index 02a4fc5..ff163cf 100755
--- a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -12,85 +12,108 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'mkdir path1 &&
-    echo frotz >path0 &&
-    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
-    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     ln -s path2 path1 &&
-     git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
-     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	ln -s path2 path1 &&
+	git checkout-index -f -a &&
+	test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+	test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=path2/' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
-     test -f path2/path0 &&
-     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=path2/' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+	test -f path2/path0 &&
+	test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp-' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
-     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #1
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
-     test -d tmp1/orary &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+	test -d tmp1/orary &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #2
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #3
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
-     test -d tmp-path1 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+	test -d tmp-path1 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.smudge "sed -e s/./,/g" &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.required true &&
+	echo "file1 filter=replace-all" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo frotz >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path0 &&
+	echo ,,,,,, >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply CRLF filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "file1 eol=crlf" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo rezrovQ >expected &&
+	tr \\015 Q <tmp/path1/file1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
index 0f4b289..f171a55 100755
--- a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
+++ b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
@@ -194,11 +194,10 @@
  test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
 )'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 'checkout --temp symlink' '
 rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-ln -s b a &&
-git update-index --add a &&
+test_ln_s_add b a &&
 t4=$(git write-tree) &&
 rm -f .git/index &&
 git read-tree $t4 &&
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
index e6f59f1..fc9aad5 100755
--- a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir frotz &&
 	echo hello >frotz/filfre &&
@@ -25,25 +25,25 @@
 
 	git rm --cached frotz/filfre &&
 	mv frotz xyzzy &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	git add xyzzy/filfre frotz &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	git add xyzzy/filfre &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "side moves frotz/ to xyzzy/ and adds frotz->xyzzy/"
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from symlink to dir' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from symlink to dir' '
 
 	git checkout master
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
+test_expect_success 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
 	rm -fr frotz xyzzy nitfol &&
 	git checkout -f master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from dir to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from dir to symlink' '
 
 	git checkout side
 
diff --git a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
index 3e098ab..eadb943 100755
--- a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
 
 '
 
-# This is not expected to work as ls-files was not designed
-# to deal with such.  Enable it when ls-files is updated.
-: test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
-
-	rm file1 &&
-	git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 && test -f ./file1
-
+test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		rm file1 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 &&
+		test "hello" = "$(cat file1)"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'relative path outside tree should fail' \
diff --git a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
index 7cc0a35..87bdf9c 100755
--- a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
+++ b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
@@ -47,4 +47,10 @@
 	git diff --exit-code --quiet
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'accurate error message with more than one ref' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout HEAD master -- 2>actual &&
+	grep 2 actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "one reference expected, 2 given" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
index b44de9d..e7ba8c5 100755
--- a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
+++ b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,38 @@
 	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A B' '
+	git branch moodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master moodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase -i master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A B' '
+	git branch foodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master foodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
index 70edbb3..06b18f8 100755
--- a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git reset submodule &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
diff --git a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
index 8100537..5d68729 100755
--- a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
+++ b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Your branch is behind 'master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
+  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	reset &&
diff --git a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
index 5da63e9..c2ada7d 100755
--- a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
@@ -29,21 +29,25 @@
 	test -f a/b
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 
 	rm -rf a/b &&	# cleanup if previous test failed
 	git checkout -f -b symlink start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s foo a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
 	git commit -m "un-track the symlink" &&
-	test_must_fail git checkout start &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout start
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'the symlink remained' '
+
 	test -h a/b
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index 56090d2..8e3545d 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,26 @@
 	test_cmp expect.next2 dir/next2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not touch unmerged entries matching $path but not in $tree' '
+	git checkout next &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	cat dir/common >expect.common &&
+	EMPTY_SHA1=$(git hash-object -w --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git rm dir/next0 &&
+	cat >expect.next0 <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 1	dir/next0
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 2	dir/next0
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <expect.next0 &&
+
+	git checkout master dir &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.common dir/common &&
+	test_path_is_file dir/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code master dir/master &&
+	git ls-files -s dir/next0 >actual.next0 &&
+	test_cmp expect.next0 actual.next0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ecb559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout <branch>
+
+Ensures that checkout on an unborn branch does what the user expects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Is the current branch "refs/heads/$1"?
+test_branch () {
+	printf "%s\n" "refs/heads/$1" >expect.HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual.HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect.HEAD actual.HEAD
+}
+
+# Is branch "refs/heads/$1" set to pull from "$2/$3"?
+test_branch_upstream () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "refs/heads/$3" >expect.upstream &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+		git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >actual.upstream &&
+	test_cmp expect.upstream actual.upstream
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit my_master &&
+	git init repo_a &&
+	(
+		cd repo_a &&
+		test_commit a_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit a_foo &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit a_bar
+	) &&
+	git init repo_b &&
+	(
+		cd repo_b &&
+		test_commit b_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit b_foo &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit b_baz
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_a repo_a &&
+	git remote add repo_b repo_b &&
+	git config remote.repo_b.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other_b/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of non-existing branch fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D xyzzy &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout xyzzy &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/xyzzy &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D foo &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	git checkout bar &&
+	test_branch bar &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/repo_a/bar HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream bar repo_a bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	git checkout baz &&
+	test_branch baz &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/other_b/baz HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream baz repo_b baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-guess suppresses branch auto-vivification' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout --no-guess bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more remotes with unconventional refspecs' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	git init repo_c &&
+	(
+		cd repo_c &&
+		test_commit c_master &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit c_bar &&
+		git checkout -b spam &&
+		test_commit c_spam
+	) &&
+	git init repo_d &&
+	(
+		cd repo_d &&
+		test_commit d_master &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit d_baz &&
+		git checkout -b eggs &&
+		test_commit d_eggs
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_c repo_c &&
+	git config remote.repo_c.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/*" &&
+	git remote add repo_d repo_d &&
+	git config remote.repo_d.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/repo_d/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/baz &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	git checkout spam &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #4' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D eggs &&
+
+	git checkout eggs &&
+	test_branch eggs &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/repo_d/eggs HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream eggs repo_d eggs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch with a file having the same name fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout spam &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/spam &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout <branch> -- succeeds, even if a file with the same name exists' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	git checkout spam -- &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
index f262065..309199b 100755
--- a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -44,14 +44,21 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir fi &&
+	printf "a\0a" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
 	git branch side &&
 	git branch another &&
+	printf "a\0b" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit second fi/le second &&
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git branch add-add &&
 	git checkout another &&
 	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout add-add &&
+	test_commit fifth add-differently &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
@@ -167,4 +174,22 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (binary)' '
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	printf "a\0c" >binary &&
+	git commit -a -m binary &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second &&
+	git rerere forget binary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (add-add conflict)' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo master >add-differently &&
+	git add add-differently &&
+	git commit -m "add differently" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	git rerere forget add-differently 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no remembered" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 4cdebda..9bf2bdf 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -80,11 +80,26 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
+# Note that this is scheduled to change in Git 2.0, when
+# "git add -u" will become full-tree by default.
+test_expect_success 'non-limited update in subdir leaves root alone' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git add -u
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	check
+	top
+	EOF
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace a file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm foo &&
-	ln -s top foo &&
-	git add -u -- foo
+	test_ln_s_add top foo
 
 '
 
@@ -150,9 +165,9 @@
 	echo 2 >path3 &&
 	echo 2 >path5 &&
 
-	# Explicit resolving by adding removed paths should fail
-	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
-	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	# Fail to explicitly resolve removed paths with "git add"
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path6 &&
 
 	# "add -u" should notice removals no matter what stages
 	# the index entries are in.
diff --git a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
index 6a81510..fc8b59e 100755
--- a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
+++ b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
@@ -41,4 +41,14 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Just "git add" is a no-op' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >will-remove &&
+	>will-not-be-added &&
+	git add &&
+	git diff-index --name-status --cached HEAD >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
index ec35409..2a4a749 100755
--- a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -62,5 +62,25 @@
 	git commit -a -m all
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cache-tree invalidates i-t-a paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	: >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+
+	: >dir/bar &&
+	git add -N dir/bar &&
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git write-tree >/dev/null &&
+
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index c8fe978..b2798fe 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
      test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
-	git checkout $allignores &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits $allignores &&
 	rm .git/index
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 
 git config core.excludesFile excludes-file
 
-git status | grep "^#	" > output
+git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status | grep "^#	" > output
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 #	.gitignore
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@
 	grep "^a.1" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'excluded directory overrides content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="one" --exclude="!one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated directory doesn'\''t affect content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="!one" --exclude="one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
 	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
 	(
@@ -214,4 +232,77 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored directory (setup)' '
+	rm top/l1/l2/l1 &&
+	rm top/l1/.gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored sub-directory (setup)' '
+	> top/l1/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git add -f l1/tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored sub-directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/l2/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored sub-directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pattern matches prefix completely' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -i -o --exclude "/three/a.3[abc]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns' '
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+a.1
+one/a.1
+one/two/a.1
+three/a.1
+EOF
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "**/a.1" >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns and no slashes' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "one**a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
index 95671c2..6d3b828 100755
--- a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
+++ b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
     path1       - a symlink
     path2/file2 - a file in a directory
     path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju    - a file in a directory
+    submod1/	- a submodule
+    submod2/	- another submodule
 
 and the following on the filesystem:
 
@@ -21,9 +24,12 @@
     path4	- a file
     path5	- a symlink
     path6/file6 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju/nk - a file in a directory to be killed
+    submod1/	- a submodule (modified from the cache)
+    submod2/	- a submodule (matches the cache)
 
-git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem
-objects except path4, path5 and path6/file6 to be killed.
+git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem objects
+path0/*, path1/*, path2 and path3 to be killed.
 
 Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
 
@@ -33,75 +39,91 @@
     path10	- a non-empty file, cache dirtied.
 
 We should report path0, path1, path2/file2, path3/file3, path7 and path8
-modified without reporting path9 and path10.
+modified without reporting path9 and path10.  submod1 is also modified.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-date >path0
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s xyzzy path1
-else
-	date > path1
-fi
-mkdir path2 path3
-date >path2/file2
-date >path3/file3
-: >path7
-date >path8
-: >path9
-date >path10
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
-    "git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path?/file? path7 path8 path9 path10"
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --add to add various paths.' '
+	date >path0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 path3 pathx &&
+	date >path2/file2 &&
+	date >path3/file3 &&
+	>pathx/ju &&
+	: >path7 &&
+	date >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	date >path10 &&
+	git update-index --add -- path0 path?/file? pathx/ju path7 path8 path9 path10 &&
+	for i in 1 2
+	do
+		git init submod$i &&
+		(
+			cd submod$i && git commit --allow-empty -m "empty $i"
+		) || break
+	done &&
+	git update-index --add submod[12]
+	(
+		cd submod1 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1 (updated)"
+	) &&
+	rm -fr path?	# leave path10 alone
+'
 
-rm -fr path? ;# leave path10 alone
-date >path2
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s frotz path3
-	ln -s nitfol path5
-else
-	date > path3
-	date > path5
-fi
-mkdir path0 path1 path6
-date >path0/file0
-date >path1/file1
-date >path6/file6
-date >path7
-: >path8
-: >path9
-touch path10
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' '
+	date >path2 &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s frotz path3 &&
+		ln -s nitfol path5
+	else
+		date >path3 &&
+		date >path5
+	fi &&
+	mkdir -p path0 path1 path6 pathx/ju &&
+	date >path0/file0 &&
+	date >path1/file1 &&
+	date >path6/file6 &&
+	date >path7 &&
+	: >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	touch path10 &&
+	>pathx/ju/nk &&
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF
+	path0/file0
+	path1/file1
+	path2
+	path3
+	pathx/ju/nk
+	EOF
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' \
-    'git ls-files -k >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0/file0
-path1/file1
-path2
-path3
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/o icase)' '
+	git ls-files -k >.output
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -k output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/ icase)' '
+	git -c core.ignorecase=true ls-files -k >.output
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' \
-    'git ls-files -m >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0
-path1
-path2/file2
-path3/file3
-path7
-path8
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' '
+	git ls-files -m >.output
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -m output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files -m output.' '
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF &&
+	path0
+	path1
+	path2/file2
+	path3/file3
+	path7
+	path8
+	pathx/ju
+	submod1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index a5e3da7..2f96100 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@
 	git branch submod &&
 	git branch copy &&
 	git branch rename &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git branch rename-ln
-	fi &&
+	git branch rename-ln &&
 
 	echo hello >>a &&
 	cp a d/e &&
@@ -260,16 +257,12 @@
 	git add e &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "rename a->e" &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git checkout rename-ln &&
-		git mv a e &&
-		ln -s e a &&
-		git add a e &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
-		oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
-	fi
+	git checkout rename-ln &&
+	git mv a e &&
+	test_ln_s_add e a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
+	oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup 9' '
@@ -569,28 +562,25 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
+test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
 
-		git checkout -f rename &&
-		git merge rename-ln &&
-		( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
-		(
-			echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
-			echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
-		) >expected &&
-		test_cmp expected actual
-	'
-fi
+	git checkout -f rename &&
+	git merge rename-ln &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
+		echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
index 2b17311..5fd7bbb 100755
--- a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
+++ b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_have_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR && SED_OPTIONS=-b
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	conflict_hunks () {
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38446a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='wildmatch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+match() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:     match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:  no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    fi
+    if [ $2 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:       match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    elif [ $2 = 0 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "fnmatch:    no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+#    else
+#	test_expect_success BROKEN_FNMATCH "fnmatch:       '$3' '$4'" "
+#	    ! test-wildmatch fnmatch '$3' '$4'
+#	"
+    fi
+}
+
+imatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch:    match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch: no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+pathmatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:     match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:  no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Basic wildmat features
+match 1 1 foo foo
+match 0 0 foo bar
+match 1 1 '' ""
+match 1 1 foo '???'
+match 0 0 foo '??'
+match 1 1 foo '*'
+match 1 1 foo 'f*'
+match 0 0 foo '*f'
+match 1 1 foo '*foo*'
+match 1 1 foobar '*ob*a*r*'
+match 1 1 aaaaaaabababab '*ab'
+match 1 1 'foo*' 'foo\*'
+match 0 0 foobar 'foo\*bar'
+match 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
+match 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
+match 0 0 ten '[ten]'
+match 0 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
+match 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
+match 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[^a-g]n'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]]b'
+match 1 x a-b 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]-]b'
+match 0 x aab 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x aab 'a[]a-]b'
+match 1 1 ']' ']'
+
+# Extended slash-matching features
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
+match 0 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo?bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo[/]bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 1 'foo-bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 0 'foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 x 'XXX/foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 0 'bar/baz/foo' '**/foo'
+match 0 0 'bar/baz/foo' '*/foo'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz' '**/bar/*'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar**'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '**/bar/*/*'
+
+# Various additional tests
+match 0 0 'acrt' 'a[c-c]st'
+match 1 1 'acrt' 'a[c-c]rt'
+match 0 0 ']' '[!]-]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!]-]'
+match 0 0 '' '\'
+match 0 x '\' '\'
+match 0 x 'XXX/\' '*/\'
+match 1 x 'XXX/\' '*/\\'
+match 1 1 'foo' 'foo'
+match 1 1 '@foo' '@foo'
+match 0 0 'foo' '@foo'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '\[ab]'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '[[]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:]ab]'
+match 0 x '[ab]' '[[::]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:digit]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[\[:]ab]'
+match 1 1 '?a?b' '\??\?b'
+match 1 1 'abc' '\a\b\c'
+match 0 0 'foo' ''
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/to' '**/t[o]'
+
+# Character class tests
+match 1 x 'a1B' '[[:alpha:]][[:digit:]][[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:spaci:]]'
+match 1 x ' ' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '.' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[[:digit:][:punct:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'f' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'D' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[^[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:lower:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'b' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'y' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 0 x 'q' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+
+# Additional tests, including some malformed wildmats
+match 1 x ']' '[\\-^]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[\\-^]'
+match 1 x '-' '[\-_]'
+match 1 x ']' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\]' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 'ab' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'a[]b' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'ab[' 'ab['
+match 0 0 'ab' '[!'
+match 0 0 'ab' '[-'
+match 1 1 '-' '[-]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[a-'
+match 0 0 '-' '[!a-'
+match 1 x '-' '[--A]'
+match 1 x '5' '[--A]'
+match 1 1 ' ' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '$' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[ --]'
+match 0 0 '0' '[ --]'
+match 1 x '-' '[---]'
+match 1 x '-' '[------]'
+match 0 0 'j' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x '-' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!------]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[]-a]'
+match 1 x '^' '[]-a]'
+match 0 0 '^' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 x '[' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 1 '^' '[a^bc]'
+match 1 x '-b]' '[a-]b]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[!\\]'
+match 1 1 'G' '[A-\\]'
+match 0 0 'aaabbb' 'b*a'
+match 0 0 'aabcaa' '*ba*'
+match 1 1 ',' '[,]'
+match 1 1 ',' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '+' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '-.]' '[,-.]'
+match 1 1 '2' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '3' '[\1-\3]'
+match 0 0 '4' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 '[' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 ']' '[[-\]]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[[-\]]'
+
+# Test recursion and the abort code (use "wildtest -i" to see iteration counts)
+match 1 1 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-X-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-/-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 1 1 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/m/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 0 0 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/X/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 1 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txt' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txtz' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 x foo '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bar '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bb/aa/rr '**/**/**'
+match 1 x abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+match 0 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*X*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '**/*X*/**/*i'
+
+pathmatch 1 foo foo
+pathmatch 0 foo fo
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar foo/bar
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*arr'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**arr'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*z'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**z'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo?bar'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo[/]bar'
+pathmatch 0 foo '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bar '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*Xg*i'
+
+# Case-sensitivy features
+match 0 x 'a' '[A-Z]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[A-Z]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[a-z]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[a-z]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-Za]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-Za]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-a]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-a]'
+match 0 x 'z' '[Z-y]'
+match 1 x 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+imatch 1 'a' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'z' '[Z-y]'
+imatch 1 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
index 81d90b6..eb73c06 100755
--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
@@ -22,20 +22,8 @@
     'setup' \
     'mkdir path2 path2/baz &&
      echo Hi >path0 &&
-     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-     then
-	ln -s path0 path1 &&
-	ln -s ../path1 path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		cat >expected
-	}
-     else
-	printf path0 > path1 &&
-	printf ../path1 > path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		sed -e "s/120000 /100644 /" >expected
-	}
-     fi &&
+     test_ln_s_add path0 path1 &&
+     test_ln_s_add ../path1 path2/bazbo &&
      echo Lo >path2/foo &&
      echo Mi >path2/baz/b &&
      find path? \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree plain' \
     'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive' \
     'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
@@ -73,7 +61,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -t' \
     'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -d' \
     'git ls-tree -r -d $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
@@ -96,7 +84,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -106,7 +94,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path1 path0' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 EOF
@@ -115,7 +103,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path0/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path0/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -124,7 +112,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -133,7 +121,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 100644 blob X	path2/foo
@@ -145,7 +133,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/baz' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -153,14 +141,14 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree -t filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree -t $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -168,7 +156,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree with one path a prefix of the other' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz path2/bazbo >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index 80e6be3..fcdb867 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -7,20 +7,19 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare a trivial repository' \
-    'echo Hello > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
-     echo World >> A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
-     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+test_expect_success 'prepare a trivial repository' '
+	echo Hello >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+	echo World >>A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
-     test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-     test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
+test_expect_success 'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+	test_might_fail git branch --man --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
@@ -34,63 +33,67 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
-    'git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc'
+test_expect_success 'git branch abc should create a branch' '
+	git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
-    'git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+test_expect_success 'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' '
+	git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch HEAD should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch HEAD
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git branch -l d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
-	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' '
+	git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
-       'git branch j &&
-        git branch -d j &&
-        git branch j/k'
+test_expect_success 'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' '
+	git branch j &&
+	git branch -d j &&
+	git branch j/k
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
-       'git branch l/m &&
-        git branch -d l/m &&
-        git branch l'
+test_expect_success 'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' '
+	git branch l/m &&
+	git branch -d l/m &&
+	git branch l
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m dumps usage' \
-       'test_expect_code 129 git branch -m 2>err &&
-	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git branch" err'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 128 git branch -m 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "branch name required" err
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
-       'git branch -l m &&
-        git branch -m m m/m &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m m m/m should work' '
+	git branch -l m &&
+	git branch -m m m/m &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
-       'git branch -l n/n &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m n/n n should work' '
+	git branch -l n/n &&
 	git branch -m n/n n &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
 	git branch o/o &&
-        git branch o/p &&
+	git branch o/p &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
 '
 
@@ -248,19 +251,20 @@
 
 git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
-       'git branch -l s/s &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' '
+	git branch -l s/s &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
-        git branch -l s/t &&
+	git branch -l s/t &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
-        git branch -d s/t &&
-        git branch -m s/s s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
+	git branch -d s/t &&
+	git branch -m s/s s &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
-	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
-	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' '
+	test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting a symref' '
 	git branch target &&
@@ -281,8 +285,7 @@
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
-'
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' '
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
@@ -290,146 +293,192 @@
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master3
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
-     git branch -l u &&
-     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
-     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
-     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+	git branch -l u &&
+	mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+	ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m u v
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch my3 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git branch my6 s &&
-     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
-    'git branch -d my7 &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
-    'git branch my7 s &&
-     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
-     echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
-     git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
-     test_i18ncmp expect actual'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
-    'git branch --track my8 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
-     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' \
-    'git tag foobar &&
-     test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar'
-
-test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' \
-    'test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
-     test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
-     git branch my12
-     git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
-     test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"'
-
-test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' \
-    'git branch my13
-     git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"'
-
-test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' \
-    'git branch my14
-     test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
-     test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
-     git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
-     git branch --unset-upstream &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
-     # fail for a branch without upstream set
-     test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' \
-    'git branch my15
-     git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
-     git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
-     test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge'
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
 
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' \
-    'git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
-     git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-     test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success 'tracking setup fails on non-matching refspec' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch my3 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git branch my6 s &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' '
+	git branch -d my7 &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' '
+	git branch my7 s &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+	echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' '
+	git branch --track my8 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+	git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' '
+	git tag foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing dst branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing src branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to does-not-exist master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to HEAD^{}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch my12 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' '
+	git branch my13 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' '
+	git branch my14 &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
+	# fail for a branch without upstream set
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' '
+	git branch my15 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 
 If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
@@ -437,38 +486,38 @@
     git branch -d origin/master
     git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' \
-    'git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' '
+	git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' \
-    'git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
-     test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
-     cat >expected <<EOF &&
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' '
+	git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
 The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
 EOF
-     test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 # Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout -b makes reflog by default' '
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -739,7 +788,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
-	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >>.git/config &&
 	test_must_fail git branch &&
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
 '
@@ -823,4 +872,39 @@
 	test_must_fail git branch --merged 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tracking with unexpected .fetch refspec' '
+	rm -rf a b c d &&
+	git init a &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_commit a
+	) &&
+	git init b &&
+	(
+		cd b &&
+		test_commit b
+	) &&
+	git init c &&
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		test_commit c &&
+		git remote add a ../a &&
+		git remote add b ../b &&
+		git fetch --all
+	) &&
+	git init d &&
+	(
+		cd d &&
+		git remote add c ../c &&
+		git config remote.c.fetch "+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*" &&
+		git fetch c &&
+		git branch --track local/a/master remotes/a/master &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.remote)" = "c" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.merge)" = "refs/remotes/a/master" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify a >expect &&
+		git rev-parse --verify local/a/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index f86f4bc..141b061 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -66,6 +76,16 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --merged=side master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
 
 	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
@@ -95,4 +115,19 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
+
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 76fe7e0..ba4f98e 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@
 	test_must_fail git branch -v branch*
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-* (no branch)
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (detached from $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
   branch-one
   branch-two
   master
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git branch >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
index cd04361..1a2080e 100755
--- a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,37 @@
 	test_cmp all-of-them again
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'explicit pack-refs with dangling packed reference' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "soon to be garbage-collected" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git pack-refs --all 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref with dangling packed version' '
+	git checkout -b lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref while another dangling packed ref' '
+	git branch lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3b7caca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for the peel_ref optimization of packed-refs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag in refs/tags' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	git tag -m annotated foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag outside of refs/tags' '
+	git update-ref refs/outside/foo refs/tags/foo
+'
+
+# This matches show-ref's output
+print_ref() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse "$1") $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up expected show-ref output' '
+	{
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo^{}" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo^{}"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (loose)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (packed)' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create old-style pack-refs without fully-peeled' '
+	# Git no longer writes without fully-peeled, so we just write our own
+	# from scratch; we could also munge the existing file to remove the
+	# fully-peeled bits, but that seems even more prone to failure,
+	# especially if the format ever changes again. At least this way we
+	# know we are emulating exactly what an older git would have written.
+	{
+		echo "# pack-refs with: peeled " &&
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		echo "^$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/foo^{}")"
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (old packed)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'peeled refs survive deletion of packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	cp .git/packed-refs fully-peeled &&
+	git branch yadda &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git branch -d yadda &&
+	test_cmp fully-peeled .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
index 7480d6e..9a146f1 100755
--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git ls-files -z >ls-files.z &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 >diff-index.z &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 >diff-tree.z &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
+	perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index 1de0ebd..ebf93b0 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@
 	echo Side >>C &&
 	git add C &&
 	git commit -m "Add C" &&
-	git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
-	echo Edit >>B &&
-	git add B &&
-	git commit -m "Modify B" &&
-	git merge side &&
-	git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	git merge master &&
 	git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
 	git tag topic
 '
@@ -66,26 +59,15 @@
 	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
-	git rebase master >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
-	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+test_expect_success 'rebase, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase my-topic-branch^ &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/Add B") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/Add A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/Add A" ":/Add B" &&
+	git checkout my-topic-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
@@ -101,29 +83,14 @@
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
-	git reset --hard topic &&
-	git merge master &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
-	git checkout nonlinear &&
-	test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
-	git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
+	git checkout -b topic side &&
+	git rebase master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D topic &&
 	echo 1 >X &&
 	git add X &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -138,8 +105,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
-	git config diff.renames copies &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	test_config diff.renames copies &&
 	git checkout filemove &&
 	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
 '
@@ -179,7 +145,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
 	git checkout -b quiet topic &&
 	git rebase -q master >output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 58f4823..0000000
--- a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
-#
-
-test_description='git rebase should detect patches integrated upstream
-
-This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
-checks that git rebase succeeds with only the second patch in the
-local branch.
-'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branch' '
-	test_commit A &&
-	git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
-	test_commit B &&
-	test_commit C &&
-	git checkout -f master &&
-	test_commit A2 A.t
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pick top patch from topic branch into master' '
-	git cherry-pick C &&
-	git checkout -f my-topic-branch
-'
-
-test_debug '
-	git cherry master &&
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index master >/dev/null &&
-	gitk --all & sleep 1
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase topic branch against new master and check git am did not get halted' '
-	git rebase master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --merge topic branch that was partially merged upstream' '
-	git reset --hard C &&
-	git rebase --merge master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase ignores empty commit' '
-	git reset --hard A &&
-	git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
-	test_commit D &&
-	git rebase C &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty' '
-	git reset --hard D &&
-	git rebase --keep-empty C &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s C..)" = "D
-empty"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream' '
-	git reset --hard A &&
-	git commit --allow-empty -m also-empty &&
-	git rebase --keep-empty D &&
-	test "$(git log --format=%s A..)" = "also-empty
-D
-empty"
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
index 826500b..3968020 100755
--- a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
+++ b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with --merge' '
 	git rebase --skip
-	'
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' \
-	'test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"'
+test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' '
+	test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'moved back to branch correctly' '
 	test refs/heads/skip-merge = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 32fdc99..50e22b1 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -29,14 +29,6 @@
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
-set_fake_editor
-
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
 # in the expect2 file for the 'stop on conflicting pick' test.
 
@@ -78,6 +70,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-one
 		2 exec_>touch-two exec_false exec_>touch-three
 		3 4 exec_>\"touch-file__name_with_spaces\";_>touch-after-semicolon 5" &&
@@ -99,6 +92,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	mkdir subdir && (cd subdir &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-subdir" \
 		git rebase -i HEAD^
 	) &&
@@ -109,6 +103,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
@@ -122,6 +117,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1
@@ -131,6 +127,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
@@ -140,6 +137,7 @@
 	git checkout -b dead-end &&
 	git rm file6 &&
 	git commit -m "stop here" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F branch2 &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
@@ -148,6 +146,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 	git checkout -b test-onto branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto branch1 F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/test-onto" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
@@ -157,6 +156,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase on top of a non-conflicting commit' '
 	git checkout branch1 &&
 	git tag original-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch2 &&
 	test file6 = $(git diff --name-only original-branch1) &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
@@ -214,6 +216,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'abort with error when new base cannot be checked out' '
 	git rm --cached file1 &&
 	git commit -m "remove file in base" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master > output 2>&1 &&
 	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" \
 		output &&
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
 	git tag twerp &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto master HEAD^ &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
 '
@@ -238,6 +242,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Nitfol" git commit -m "nitfol" file7 &&
 	echo "******************************" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i --onto master HEAD~2 &&
 	test B = $(cat file7) &&
@@ -250,6 +255,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@
 
 test_expect_failure 'exchange two commits with -p' '
 	git checkout H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i -p HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -293,6 +300,7 @@
 	git commit -m M file1 &&
 	git checkout -b to-be-rebased &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p --onto branch1 master &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -307,6 +315,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
 	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -320,6 +329,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -331,6 +341,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
 	git reset --hard master@{1} &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -v -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -340,6 +351,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 squash 3 squash 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -350,6 +362,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 	git checkout -b multi-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="NEVER" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 fixup 3 fixup 4" \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
@@ -361,6 +374,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -379,6 +393,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -405,6 +420,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 squash 3 fixup 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -417,6 +433,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 	git checkout -b skip-comments E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="# 1 # squash 2 # squash 3 # squash 4 #" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -429,6 +446,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 	git checkout -b skip-blank-lines E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="> 1 > squash 2 > squash 3 > squash 4 >" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -441,6 +459,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
@@ -449,6 +468,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -466,6 +486,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -483,21 +504,14 @@
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ignore patch if in upstream' '
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
-	git checkout -b has-cherry-picked HEAD^ &&
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	echo unrelated > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "unrelated change" &&
-	git cherry-pick $HEAD &&
-	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i $HEAD &&
-	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	parent=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo edited > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -510,6 +524,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -524,6 +539,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -542,6 +558,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'clean error after failed "exec"' '
 	test_tick &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || :" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
@@ -557,6 +574,7 @@
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
@@ -573,6 +591,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git commit -m doesnt-verify file1 &&
 	git commit -m doesnt-verify --no-verify file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES=2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
 
 '
@@ -594,6 +613,7 @@
 		git commit -m "Add body"
 	) &&
 
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
 	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
 
@@ -605,6 +625,7 @@
 	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
 		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch3 &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
 
@@ -629,10 +650,12 @@
 		git commit -a -m "submodule second"
 	) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git commit -a -m "Three changes submodule"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule rebase -i' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 3" git rebase -i A
 '
 
@@ -650,6 +673,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with only submodule staged' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
 	git add sub &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
@@ -659,6 +683,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with unstaged submodule' '
 	git checkout submodule-topic &&
 	git reset --hard &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
 	git reset &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
@@ -671,6 +696,7 @@
 	test-chmtime =123456789 file3 &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
 	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	MTIME=$(test-chmtime -v +0 file3 | sed 's/[^0-9].*$//') &&
@@ -679,6 +705,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'reword' '
 	git checkout -b reword-branch master &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 reword 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="E changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "E changed" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse master) != $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
@@ -698,7 +725,8 @@
 	test_commit n2 &&
 	test_commit n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"a note" n3 &&
-	git rebase --onto n1 n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto n1 n2 &&
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
@@ -711,6 +739,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes over a fixup' '
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
 	git notes show > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
@@ -720,6 +749,7 @@
 	git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 HEAD^0 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
@@ -729,6 +759,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'always cherry-pick with --no-ff' '
 	git checkout no-ff-branch &&
 	git tag original-no-ff-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --no-ff A &&
 	touch empty &&
 	for p in 0 1 2
@@ -761,6 +792,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase-i history with funny messages' '
 	git rev-list A..funny >expect &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" git rebase -i A &&
 	git rev-list A.. >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -777,6 +809,7 @@
 
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -790,6 +823,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" -i HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -803,6 +837,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
@@ -816,6 +851,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD; pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd 2 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd" &&
@@ -829,6 +865,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several instances of --exec' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --exec "pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
 	(
 		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd 2
@@ -850,6 +887,7 @@
 	echo bis >bis.txt &&
 	git add bis.txt &&
 	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	(
 		git checkout -b autosquash_actual &&
 		git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --autosquash HEAD~4 >actual
@@ -868,6 +906,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --exec without -i shows error message' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 2>actual &&
 	echo "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option" >expected &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
@@ -876,6 +915,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
 	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --exec 2>tmp &&
 	sed -e "1d" tmp >actual &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -h >expected &&
@@ -885,6 +925,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root re-order and drop commits' '
 	git checkout E &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="3 1 2 5" git rebase -i --root &&
 	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
@@ -898,6 +939,7 @@
 	echo B >file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^author Twerp Snog" &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^different author$"
@@ -906,6 +948,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
 	git checkout B &&
 	(
+		set_fake_editor &&
 		FAKE_LINES="2" &&
 		export FAKE_LINES &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase -i --root
@@ -916,6 +959,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
 	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i --root &&
 	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test B = $(git show HEAD:file1) &&
@@ -925,6 +969,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout conflict-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD~ &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --edit-todo &&
 	git rebase --abort
@@ -933,6 +978,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout no-conflict-branch^0 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2 3" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase --edit-todo &&
 	git rebase --continue
@@ -940,4 +986,92 @@
 	test L = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i produces readable reflog' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git branch -f branch-reflog-test H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto I F branch-reflog-test &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	rebase -i (start): checkout I
+	rebase -i (pick): G
+	rebase -i (pick): H
+	rebase -i (finish): returning to refs/heads/branch-reflog-test
+	EOF
+	tail -n 4 .git/logs/HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/.*	//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects core.commentchar' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout E^0 &&
+	test_config core.commentchar "\\" &&
+	write_script remove-all-but-first.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "2,\$s/^/\\\\/" "$1" >"$1.tmp" &&
+	mv "$1.tmp" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/remove-all-but-first.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i B &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase branch1 &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/J") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard branch1 &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/A" ":/J" &&
+	git checkout branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with --strategy and -X' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-merge-use-theirs conflict-branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >conflict &&
+	echo Z >file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m "one file conflict" &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i --strategy=recursive -Xours conflict-branch &&
+	test $(git show conflict-branch:conflict) = $(cat conflict) &&
+	test $(cat file1) = Z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i error on commits with \ in message' '
+	current_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort; git reset --hard $current_head; rm -f error" &&
+	test_commit TO-REMOVE will-conflict old-content &&
+	test_commit "\temp" will-conflict new-content dummy &&
+	(
+	EDITOR=true &&
+	export EDITOR &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error
+	) &&
+	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 setup' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan collide &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_commit collide1 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide2 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide3 collide
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 collide' '
+	test_when_finished "reset_rebase && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout collide &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 ac4f2ee" \
+	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~2
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index e6a9a0d..0392e36 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-quick_one () {
-	echo "$1" >"file$1" &&
-	git add "file$1" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1"
-}
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit O fileO &&
+	test_commit X fileX &&
+	test_commit A fileA &&
+	test_commit B fileB &&
+	test_commit Y fileY &&
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	quick_one O &&
-	git branch topic &&
-	quick_one X &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Y &&
-
-	git checkout topic &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Z &&
+	git checkout -b topic O &&
+	git cherry-pick A B &&
+	test_commit Z fileZ &&
 	git tag start
-
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -34,12 +24,32 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
-
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
+	git rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
+	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date, rebase forced" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase master topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to topic" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 6de4e22..8c251c5 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
-# Clone 1 (trivial merge):
-#
-# A1--A2  <-- origin/master
-#  \   \
-#   B1--M  <-- topic
-#    \
-#     B2  <-- origin/topic
-#
 # Clone 2 (conflicting merge):
 #
 # A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
@@ -37,15 +29,7 @@
 #      \
 #       B2     <-- origin/topic
 #
-# Clone 4 (merge using second parent as base):
-#
-# A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
-#  \
-#   B1--A3--M  <-- topic
-#    \     /
-#     \--A4    <-- topic2
-#      \
-#       B2     <-- origin/topic
+# Clone 4 (same as Clone 3)
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	'echo First > A &&
@@ -58,20 +42,6 @@
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	echo Third >> A &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify A2" &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone1 &&
-	(cd clone1 &&
-	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-	git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone4 &&
-	(
-		cd clone4 &&
-		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-		git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
 	echo Fifth > B &&
 	git add B &&
 	git commit -m "Add different B" &&
@@ -96,21 +66,21 @@
 		git merge --no-ff topic2
 	) &&
 
+	git clone ./. clone4 &&
+	(
+		cd clone4 &&
+		git checkout -b topic2 origin/topic &&
+		echo Sixth > A &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify A3" &&
+		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+		git merge --no-ff topic2
+	) &&
+
 	git checkout topic &&
 	echo Fourth >> B &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify B2"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p fakes interactive rebase' '
-	(
-	cd clone1 &&
-	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
-	)
-'
-
 test_expect_success '--continue works after a conflict' '
 	(
 	cd clone2 &&
@@ -138,14 +108,14 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p works when base inside second parent' '
+test_expect_success 'rebase -p ignores merge.log config' '
 	(
 	cd clone4 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p HEAD^2 &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify B" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
+	git -c merge.log=1 rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	echo >expected &&
+	git log --format="%b" -1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index a1e86c4..41370ab 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo 0 >file0 &&
 	git add . &&
@@ -193,4 +195,59 @@
 	test_auto_commit_flags squash 2
 '
 
+test_auto_fixup_fixup () {
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! first" &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! $2! first" &&
+	git tag "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		set_cat_todo_editor &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ >actual &&
+		cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^^) first commit
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) $1! first
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) $1! $2! first
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) second commit
+		EOF
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	) &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+	git diff --exit-code "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test 2 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	if test "$1" = "fixup"
+	then
+		test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	elif test "$1" = "squash"
+	then
+		test 3 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash fixup
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..90eb264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Ramkumar Ramachandra
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --autostash tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello-world >file0 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	git checkout -b feature-branch &&
+	echo another-hello >file1 &&
+	echo goodbye >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
+	echo final-goodbye >file3 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "third commit" &&
+	git checkout -b unrelated-onto-branch master &&
+	echo unrelated >file4 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated commit" &&
+	git checkout -b related-onto-branch master &&
+	echo conflicting-change >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "related commit"
+'
+
+testrebase() {
+	type=$1
+	dotest=$2
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty worktree, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty index, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git add file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		rm -rf $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --continue" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		echo "conflicting-plus-goodbye" >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git rebase --continue &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --skip" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --skip &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --abort" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: non-conflicting rebase, conflicting stash" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >file4 &&
+		git add file4 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		! grep dirty file4 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch &&
+		git stash pop &&
+		grep dirty file4
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: fast-forward rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b behind-feature-branch feature-branch~1 &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D behind-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: noop rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b same-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D same-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+testrebase "" .git/rebase-apply
+testrebase " --merge" .git/rebase-merge
+testrebase " --interactive" .git/rebase-merge
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c55cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic rebase topology tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "simple rebase $*" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c e &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* is no-op if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* b e &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f rewrites even if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f b e &&
+		! test_cmp_rev e HEAD &&
+		test_cmp_rev b HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' b..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* fast-forwards from ancestor of upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e b &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for range selection tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* can drop last patch if in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h gp &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD^ &&
+		test_linear_range 'd' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto f h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev f HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' f..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto does not drop patches in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto h f i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd gp i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+# a---b---c---j!
+#      \
+#       d---k!--l
+#
+# ! = empty
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for empty commit tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	make_empty j &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	make_empty k &&
+	test_commit l
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops empty commit" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty j l &&
+		test_cmp_rev j HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' j..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+#       m
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g
+#
+# x---y---bp
+#
+# bp = cherry-picked b
+# m = reverted b
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for test involving root' '
+	git checkout b &&
+	revert m b &&
+	git checkout --orphan disjoint &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	test_commit x &&
+	test_commit y &&
+	cherry_pick bp b
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto c --root y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root with merge-base does not go to root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root g &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'c g' m..
+	"
+}
+
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* m bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --root on linear history is a no-op" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --root c &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase failure ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f --root on linear history causes re-write" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f --root c &&
+		! test_cmp_rev a HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'a b c' HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d195fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase topology tests with merges'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+test_revision_subjects () {
+	expected="$1"
+	shift
+	set -- $(git log --format=%s --no-walk=unsorted "$@")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+# a---b-----------c
+#      \           \
+#       d-------e   \
+#        \       \   \
+#         n---o---w---v
+#              \
+#               z
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+
+	git checkout d &&
+	test_commit n &&
+	test_commit o &&
+	test_merge w e &&
+	test_merge v c &&
+	git checkout o &&
+	test_commit z
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* after merge from upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e w &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'n o' e..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized in place" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* d w &&
+		test_cmp_rev d HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" d..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c w &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history with merges after upstream merge is linearized" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c v &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op in non-linear history" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op when base inside second parent" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p e w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p --root on non-linear history is a no-op" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --root w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates merge from side branch" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p z w &&
+	test_cmp_rev z HEAD^ &&
+	test_cmp_rev w^2 HEAD^2
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates internal merge" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~3 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd n e o w' HEAD~3 HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p can re-create two branches on onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto c d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD^2^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'n e o w' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#        \       \
+#         e-------u
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for patch-equivalence tests' '
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge u i
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates history around dropped commit matching upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history drops patches in upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto f h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev f HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history does not drop patches in onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto h f u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2~2 HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd gp i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2^ HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--s
+#        \   \ /
+#         \   X
+#          \ / \
+#           e---t
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for dropping whole side' '
+	git checkout gp &&
+	test_merge s e &&
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge t gp
+'
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire first-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h s &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire second-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h t &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+#        \   \
+#         n---r
+#          \
+#           o
+#
+# r = tree-same with n
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for empty commits' '
+	git checkout n &&
+	git merge --no-commit e &&
+	git reset n . &&
+	git commit -m r &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git tag r
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty internal merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c r &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd e n r' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p o r &&
+	test_cmp_rev e HEAD^2 &&
+	test_cmp_rev o HEAD^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'r' HEAD
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 34c86e5..51f3bbb 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -100,4 +100,45 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick initial &&
+	git diff --quiet initial &&
+	! test_cmp_rev initial HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" to pick from previous branch' '
+	git checkout unborn &&
+	test_commit to-pick actual content &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick - &&
+	echo content >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" is meaningless without checkout' '
+	test_create_repo afresh &&
+	(
+		cd afresh &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_must_fail git cherry-pick -
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" works with arguments' '
+	git checkout -b side-branch &&
+	test_commit change actual change &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick -s - &&
+	echo "Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep ^Signed-off-by: >signoff &&
+	test_cmp expect signoff &&
+	echo change >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index a0c6e30..fbdc47c 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -28,29 +28,21 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch^
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message with --allow-empty-message' '
@@ -101,7 +93,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout fork^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits master &&
-	git show -s --format='%s' >actual &&
+	git show -s --format=%s >actual &&
 	echo "add file2 on master" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
index 51ca391..fb889ac 100755
--- a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
+++ b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
@@ -105,4 +105,12 @@
 	test "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "1df192cd8bc58a2b275d842cede4d221ad9000d1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick --ff first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index c82f721..223b984 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 pristine_detach () {
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
 	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
diff --git a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
index 340afc7..19c99d7 100755
--- a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
+++ b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check_head_differs_from() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" != "$arg"
+	! test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 check_head_equals() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" = "$arg"
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -59,6 +55,12 @@
 two"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two: fails' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick three one two:
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'output to keep user entertained during multi-pick' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	[master OBJID] second
diff --git a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
index df921d1..1e5b394 100755
--- a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
@@ -10,17 +10,15 @@
 	git commit -m a
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
 	mkdir b &&
-	ln -s ../a b/a &&
-	git add b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../a b/a &&
 	git commit -m b &&
 
 	git checkout -b branch &&
 	rm b/a &&
-	mv a b/a &&
-	ln -s b/a a &&
-	git add . &&
+	git mv a b/a &&
+	test_ln_s_add b/a a &&
 	git commit -m swap &&
 
 	>f1 &&
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@
 	git commit -m f1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick branch
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@
 	echo content > sub/file &&
 	echo foo > othersub/whatever &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf othersub &&
 	git mv sub/file othersub &&
diff --git a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
index b5fb527..7b7a89d 100755
--- a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
+++ b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@
 	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
 }
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 test_expect_success setup '
 	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
 	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
diff --git a/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f977279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cherry-pick -x and -s'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pristine_detach () {
+	git cherry-pick --quit &&
+	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
+}
+
+mesg_one_line='base: commit message'
+
+mesg_no_footer="$mesg_one_line
+
+OneWordBodyThatsNotA-S-o-B"
+
+mesg_with_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+Signed-off-by: A.U. Thor <author@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: B.U. Thor <buthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_broken_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+The signed-off-by string should begin with the words Signed-off-by followed
+by a colon and space, and then the signers name and email address. e.g.
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_footer_sob="$mesg_with_footer
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_cherry_footer="$mesg_with_footer_sob
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: C.U. Thor <cuthor@example.com>"
+
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
+	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
+	git add unrelated &&
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_one_line" foo b mesg-one-line &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_no_footer" foo b mesg-no-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_broken_footer" foo b mesg-broken-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer" foo b mesg-with-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer_sob" foo b mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_cherry_footer" foo b mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_commit conflicting unrelated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-one-line^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after non-conforming footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-broken-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_broken_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s refrains from adding duplicate trailing sob' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob even when trailing sob exists for committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer-sob^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 9fd28bcf..540c49b 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -240,18 +240,15 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'choking "git rm" should not let it die with cruft' '
 	git reset -q --hard &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/index.lock && git reset -q --hard" &&
 	i=0 &&
 	while test $i -lt 12000
 	do
-	    echo "100644 $_z40 0	some-file-$i"
+	    echo "100644 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 0	some-file-$i"
 	    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
 	done | git update-index --index-info &&
-	git rm -n "some-file-*" | :;
-	test -f .git/index.lock
-	status=$?
-	rm -f .git/index.lock
-	git reset -q --hard
-	test "$status" != 0
+	git rm -n "some-file-*" | : &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/index.lock
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
@@ -262,4 +259,611 @@
 	! test -d dir
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+M  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.modified <<EOF
+ M submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.cached <<EOF
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.both_deleted<<EOF
+D  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
+	mkdir submod &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) submod &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ./. &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path submod &&
+	git submodule init &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index and .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes a submodule with a trailing /' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod/ &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm fails when given a file with a trailing /' '
+	test_must_fail git rm empty/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm succeeds when given a directory with a trailing /' '
+	git rm -r frotz/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --cached leaves work tree of populated submodules and .gitmodules alone' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.cached actual &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm -n submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.both_deleted actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- submod &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=submod" >expect.err &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -b branch1 &&
+	echo 1 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 1" &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	echo 2 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 2" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict1 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout branch1
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 1" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict2 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout branch2
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 2"
+'
+
+cat >expect.conflict <<EOF
+UU submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified conflicted submodule' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git merge --abort &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted unpopulated submodule succeeds' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+cat >expect.deepmodified <<EOF
+ M submod/subsubmod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup subsubmodule' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) subsubmod &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../. &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path subsubmod &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add subsubmodule" &&
+		git submodule update subsubmod
+	) &&
+	git commit -a -m "added deep submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm recursively removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with different nested HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of d/f when d has become a non-directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test_path_is_file d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm of d/f when d has become a dangling symlink' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	ln -s nonexistent d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_missing d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of file when it has become a directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -f d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	test_path_is_file d/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (no index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir e &&
+	echo content >e/f &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "symlink d to e, e/f exists" &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :e/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (w/ index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	echo content >d/f &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "d/f exists" &&
+	mv d e &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing rm messages' '
+	>bar.txt &&
+	>foo.txt &&
+	git add bar.txt foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content1 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content1 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content2 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content2 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "testing rm 3" &&
+	echo content3 >foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    bar.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content4 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content5 >foo.txt &&
+	git add foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with two different errors' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    foo1.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    bar1.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content >foo1.txt &&
+	git add foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >bar1.txt &&
+	git add bar1.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm bar1.txt foo1.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3700-add.sh b/t/t3700-add.sh
index 874b3a6..fe274e2 100755
--- a/t/t3700-add.sh
+++ b/t/t3700-add.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo1 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo1 &&
-	git add xfoo1 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo1 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
@@ -51,21 +50,19 @@
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo2 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo2 &&
-	git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo2 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo2) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	esac
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
 	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
-	 ln -s xfoo2 xfoo3 &&
-	 git update-index --add xfoo3 &&
+	 test_ln_s_add xfoo2 xfoo3 &&	# runs git update-index --add
 	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo3`" in
 	 120000" "*xfoo3) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo3; (exit 1);;
@@ -275,6 +272,25 @@
 	! (git ls-files | grep "non-existent")
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git add -A on empty repo does not error out' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add -A . &&
+		git add -A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git add ." in empty repo' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add .
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git add --dry-run of existing changed file' "
 	echo new >>track-this &&
 	git add --dry-run track-this >actual 2>&1 &&
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 098a6ae..9dc91d0 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -4,18 +4,24 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (initial)' '
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping add -i tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (initial)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d95f3ad
@@ -26,19 +32,19 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git ls-files >output &&
 	! grep . output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo baseline >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m commit &&
@@ -47,12 +53,12 @@
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (commit)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -63,12 +69,12 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
@@ -76,24 +82,24 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	>fake_editor.sh &&
 	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'dummy edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'dummy edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo a) | git add -p &&
 	git diff > diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
  this
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
 	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
 mv -f "$1" oldpatch &&
@@ -113,26 +119,26 @@
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'bad edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'bad edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 this patch
 is garbage
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'garbage edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'garbage edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
  baseline
@@ -142,7 +148,7 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
@@ -157,13 +163,13 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'real edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'real edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p &&
 	git diff >output &&
 	test_cmp expected output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
+test_expect_success 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 	git reset &&
 	echo file >.gitignore &&
 	echo changed >file &&
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@
 '
 rm -f .gitignore
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -186,7 +192,7 @@
 	git diff file | grep "new mode"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -196,7 +202,7 @@
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -208,14 +214,14 @@
 
 # end of tests disabled when filemode is not usable
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup again' '
+test_expect_success 'setup again' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_chmod +x file &&
 	echo content >>file
 '
 
 # Write the patch file with a new line at the top and bottom
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@
 '
 
 # Expected output, similar to the patch but w/ diff at the top
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b6f2c08..61b9053 100755
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@
 '
 
 # Test splitting the first patch, then adding both
-test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
+test_expect_success 'add first line works' '
 	git commit -am "clear local changes" &&
 	git apply patch &&
 	(echo s; echo y; echo y) | git add -p file &&
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/non-empty b/non-empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -264,7 +270,7 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >non-empty &&
 	git add non-empty &&
@@ -275,7 +281,7 @@
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/empty b/empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -283,7 +289,7 @@
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting an empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	> empty &&
 	git add empty &&
@@ -294,7 +300,7 @@
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk setup' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	for i in 10 20 30 40 50 60
 	do
@@ -310,7 +316,7 @@
 	done >test
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# Split, say Edit and do nothing.  Then:
 	#
 	# 1. Broken version results in a patch that does not apply and
@@ -319,7 +325,7 @@
 	# times to get out.
 	#
 	# 2. Correct version applies the (not)edited version, and asks
-	#    about the next hunk, against wich we say q and program
+	#    about the next hunk, against which we say q and program
 	#    exits.
 	for a in s e     q n q q
 	do
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
index 37ddabb..4bf1dbe 100755
--- a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -34,11 +34,47 @@
 	test z = "z$E"
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
+test_expect_success 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
 	echo UTF-16 >F &&
-	git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 invalid characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 characters" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nInvalid surrogate:\355\240\200\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 overlong sequences rejected' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 overlong" >F &&
+	printf "\340\202\251ommit message\n\nThis is not a space:\300\240\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 1" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\364\217\277\276\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 2." >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\357\267\220\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
 
 for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
 do
diff --git a/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2257f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index 5dfbda7..5b79b21 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -200,17 +200,17 @@
 	echo foo > file &&
 	git stash &&
 	git stash apply -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'save -q is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash pop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@
 	git stash save --quiet &&
 	git stash pop -q --index > output.out 2>&1 &&
 	test foo = "$(git show :file)" &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'drop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash &&
 	git stash drop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash -k' '
@@ -336,41 +336,58 @@
 
 # This test creates a commit with a symlink used for the following tests
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-	ln -s file filelink &&
-	git add filelink &&
+	test_ln_s_add file filelink &&
 	git commit -m "Add symlink" &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
 	git add filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
@@ -637,4 +654,35 @@
 	test_cmp output expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'store called with invalid commit' '
+	test_must_fail git stash store foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store updates stash ref and reflog' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo quux >bazzy &&
+	git add bazzy &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	! grep quux bazzy &&
+	git stash store -m quuxery $STASH_ID &&
+	test $(cat .git/refs/stash) = $STASH_ID &&
+	grep $STASH_ID .git/logs/refs/stash &&
+	git stash pop &&
+	grep quux bazzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'handle stash specification with spaces' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	echo pig >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	stamp=$(git log -g --format="%cd" -1 refs/stash) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo cow >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash apply "stash@{$stamp}" &&
+	grep pig file
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
index 5fe57c5..e4ba601 100755
--- a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
 	precomposeunicode=`git config core.precomposeunicode` &&
-	test "$precomposeunicode" = false &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = true &&
 	git config core.precomposeunicode true
 '
 test_expect_success "setup" '
diff --git a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
index 6ddd469..8de36b7 100755
--- a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
+++ b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@
 cat path0 >path1
 chmod +x path1
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' \
-    'git update-index --add path0 path1'
+test_expect_success 'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' '
+	git update-index --add path0 path1
+'
 
 mv path0 path0-
 sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0- >path0
 chmod +x path0
 rm -f path1
-test_expect_success \
-    'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' \
-    'git diff-files -p >current'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' '
+	git diff-files -p >actual
+'
 
 # that's as far as it comes
 if [ "$(git config --get core.filemode)" = false ]
@@ -55,8 +55,38 @@
 -line 3
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files -p output.' \
-    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files -p output.' '
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -s after editing work tree' '
+	git diff-files -s >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch as synonym for -s' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch shows the patch' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw shows the patch and raw data' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw >actual &&
+	grep -q "^:100644 100755 .* 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0\$" actual &&
+	tail -n +4 actual >actual-patch &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --patch --no-patch does not show the patch' '
+	git diff-files --patch --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
index 844277c..2f327b7 100755
--- a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -102,4 +102,58 @@
 	grep warning actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with nothing in common' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/ &&
+	: >a/b/c &&
+	git add a/b/c &&
+	git commit -m "create a/b/c" &&
+	mkdir -p c/b/ &&
+	git mv a/b/c c/b/a &&
+	git commit -m "a/b/c -> c/b/a" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix' '
+	mkdir -p c/d &&
+	git mv c/b/a c/d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/b/a -> c/d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common suffix' '
+	mkdir d &&
+	git mv c/d/e d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/d/e -> d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix and suffix' '
+	mkdir d/f &&
+	git mv d/e d/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/e -> d/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print common prefix and suffix overlap' '
+	mkdir d/f/f &&
+	git mv d/f/e d/f/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/f/e d/f/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
index 73b4a24..27e98a8 100755
--- a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@
     'validate result of -B -M (#4)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'make file0 into something completely different' \
     'rm -f file0 &&
-     ln -s frotz file0 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
+     test_ln_s_add frotz file0 &&
+     git update-index file1'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'run diff with -B' \
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -B (#5)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R	file0	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -B -M (#6)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
 :100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M	file1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
     'validate result of -M (#7)' \
     'compare_diff_raw expected current'
 
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index af5134b..589bc6b 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -110,4 +110,17 @@
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	echo rezrov >path2/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path2/file1 &&
+	tree3=`git write-tree` &&
+	git diff --name-only $tree $tree3 -- "path2*1" "path1*1" >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	path1/file1
+	path2/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
index f0d5041..13e7f62 100755
--- a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff new symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff new symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	new file mode 120000
@@ -27,22 +27,25 @@
 	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 	+xyzzy
 	EOF
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+
+	# the empty tree
 	git update-index &&
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-	git update-index --add frotz nitfol &&
+
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	git update-index --add nitfol &&
 	GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
+test_expect_success 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	git update-index frotz nitfol &&
 	test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff removed symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff removed symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	deleted file mode 120000
@@ -66,12 +69,18 @@
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
 	>expected &&
 	rm -f frotz nitfol &&
 	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
 	test-chmtime +10 nitfol &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s xyzzy frotz
+	else
+		printf xyzzy >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
 	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current &&
 
@@ -80,7 +89,7 @@
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff different symlink and file' '
+test_expect_success 'diff different symlink and file' '
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
 	index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
@@ -100,7 +109,13 @@
 	+yxyyz
 	EOF
 	rm -f frotz &&
-	ln -s yxyyz frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s yxyyz frotz
+	else
+		printf yxyyz >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
 	echo yxyyz >nitfol &&
 	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
 	compare_diff_patch expected current
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index ad9f69e..73194b2 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
 	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
-	grep "^ *"S. E. Cipient" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+	grep "^ *\"S. E. Cipient\" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
-	grep "^To: "R. E. Cipient" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc2047)' '
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 
 	git config format.to "R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
-	grep "^To: "R. E. Cipient" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc2047)' '
@@ -271,13 +271,29 @@
 	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reroll count' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter --reroll-count 4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reroll count (-v)' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter -v4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
 check_threading () {
 	expect="$1" &&
 	shift &&
 	(git format-patch --stdout "$@"; echo $? > status.out) |
 	# Prints everything between the Message-ID and In-Reply-To,
 	# and replaces all Message-ID-lookalikes by a sequence number
-	"$PERL_PATH" -ne '
+	perl -ne '
 		if (/^(message-id|references|in-reply-to)/i) {
 			$printing = 1;
 		} elsif (/^\S/) {
@@ -650,8 +666,19 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch --signoff' '
-	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout |
-	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout >out &&
+	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --notes --signoff' '
+	git notes --ref test add -m "test message" HEAD &&
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout --notes=test >out &&
+	# Three dashes must come after S-o-b
+	! sed "/^Signed-off-by: /q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^Signed-off-by: /d" out | grep "test message" &&
+	# Notes message must come after three dashes
+	! sed "/^---$/q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^---$/d" out | grep "test message"
 '
 
 echo "fatal: --name-only does not make sense" > expect.name-only
@@ -715,21 +742,21 @@
 	test 2 = $(grep "my sig" output | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format.signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format.signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git config format.signature "" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature suppresses signatures' '
 	git config --unset-all format.signature &&
 	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git format-patch --stdout --signature="" -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
@@ -810,25 +837,26 @@
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
  =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
  =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar?=
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (rfc2047)' '
 	rm -rf patches/ &&
@@ -944,6 +972,321 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--from=ident notices bogus ident' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch -1 --stdout --from=foo >patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from=ident replaces author' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="Me <me@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: Me <me@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from uses committer ident' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from omits redundant in-body header' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="A U Thor <author@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-body headers trigger content encoding' '
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="éxötìc" test_commit exotic &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+
+	From: éxötìc <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^Content-Type/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+append_signoff()
+{
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD) &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signoff $C^..$C >append_signoff.patch &&
+	sed -n -e "1,/^---$/p" append_signoff.patch |
+		egrep -n "^Subject|Sign|^$"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with no body' '
+	append_signoff </dev/null >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF | sed "s/EOL$//" >expected &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] EOL
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject' '
+	echo subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject that does not end with NL' '
+	printf subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs and no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nbody" | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: misc conforming footer elements' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: Some One <someone@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff-alike' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+Fooled-by-me: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff (2)' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+My unfortunate
+Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: valid S-o-b paragraph in the middle' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+Signed-off-by: your@house
+
+A lot of houses.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: my@house
+10:Signed-off-by: your@house
+11:
+13:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end, no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nSigned-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" |
+		append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff NOT at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+12:Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: detect garbage in non-conforming footer' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Tested-by: my@house
+Some Trash
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+13:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+14:
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: footer begins with non-signoff without @ sign' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Reviewed-id: Noone
+Tested-by: my@house
+Change-id: Ideadbeef
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_unconfig color.ui &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >expect &&
@@ -952,4 +1295,79 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (1)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (2)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter rebuild-1~2..rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (3)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter ^master rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (4)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master.. >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (5)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 HEAD >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (6)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter with nothing' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto user override' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index cc3db13..604a838 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -142,6 +142,352 @@
 git diff --ignore-space-at-eol > out
 test_expect_success 'another test, with --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+" >x &&
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines with space' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+ " >x &&
+	git diff -w --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: after change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+
+	7
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	+
+	 1
+	 2
+	-
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: before change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	+
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes (with interhunkctx)' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=2 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	 9
+	+
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: scattered spaces' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+
+
+	7
+
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	@@ -8,3 +15,4 @@
+	 8
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: spaces coalesce' '
+	test_seq 6 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	+
+	 4
+	+
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: mix changes and blank lines' '
+	test_seq 16 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	change
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	11
+	change
+	12
+	13
+	14
+
+	15
+	16
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+change
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	@@ -9,8 +13,11 @@
+	 9
+	 10
+	 11
+	+change
+	 12
+	 13
+	 14
+	+
+	 15
+	 16
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check mixed spaces and tabs in indent' '
 
 	# This is indented with SP HT SP.
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 082d3e8..38a092a 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -93,11 +93,6 @@
 	s/song;/song();/
 ' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
 
-test_config () {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_funcname () {
 	lang=${2-java}
 	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
diff --git a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
index 2e7d73f..8a30979 100755
--- a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
 	git diff | grep Binary
 '
 
-echo NULZbetweenZwords | "$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
+echo NULZbetweenZwords | perl -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
 
 test_expect_success 'force diff with "diff"' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file diff" &&
diff --git a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
index 5d20acf..55d549f 100755
--- a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -4,44 +4,44 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
-	ln -s linklink bar &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink bar &&
+	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Initial &&
 	git tag one &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Second &&
 	git tag two &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Third &&
 	git tag three &&
 
 	mv foo bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fourth &&
 	git tag four &&
 
 	# This is purely for sanity check
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fifth &&
 	git tag five &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 	git diff-tree five six -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 	git diff-tree one two -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'moves and renames' '
+test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 
 	git diff-tree three four -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
diff --git a/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
index 36e2f07..3ccc237 100755
--- a/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
+++ b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
      git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty true &&
      git diff f > actual &&
      test_cmp exp actual &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^\$/ /" exp &&
+     perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^\$/ /" exp &&
      git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty false &&
      git diff f > actual &&
      test_cmp exp actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
index 53ec330..aad6c7f 100755
--- a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@
 	test_cmp expect.text actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show commit produces text' '
+	git show HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff-tree produces binary' '
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
@@ -84,6 +90,24 @@
 	git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show blob produces binary' '
+	git show HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --textconv blob produces text' '
+	git show --textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "0\\n1\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --no-textconv blob produces binary' '
+	git show --no-textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (add)' '
 	echo one >expect &&
 	git log --root --format=%s -G0 >actual &&
@@ -139,12 +163,10 @@
 +frotz
 \ No newline at end of file
 EOF
-# make a symlink the hard way that works on symlink-challenged file systems
+
 test_expect_success 'textconv does not act on symlinks' '
-	printf frotz > file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git ls-files -s | sed -e s/100644/120000/ |
-		git update-index --index-info &&
+	rm -f file &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file &&
 	git commit -m typechange &&
 	git show >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 40ab333..f2f55fc 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: remove diff driver regex' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+	test_unconfig diff.testdriver.wordRegex
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
@@ -335,8 +335,7 @@
 
 	c
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.suppress-blank-empty" &&
-	git config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	test_config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
@@ -368,7 +367,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'wordRegex for the first file does not apply to the second' '
 	echo "*.tex diff=tex" >.gitattributes &&
-	git config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
+	test_config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 		diff --git a/a.tex b/a.tex
 		--- a/a.tex
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
index 40277c7..1019d7b 100755
--- a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='combined diff'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 setup_helper () {
 	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
@@ -89,4 +90,315 @@
 	grep "diff --cc file" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --cc --raw' '
+	blob=$(echo file | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	base_tree=$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree) &&
+	trees= &&
+	for i in `test_seq 1 40`
+	do
+		blob=$(echo file$i | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		trees="$trees$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree)$LF"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with four trees' '
+	four_trees=$(echo "$trees" | sed -e 4q) &&
+	git diff --cc --raw $four_trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for four leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with forty trees' '
+	git diff --cc --raw $trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for forty leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup combined ignore spaces' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce Q
+	space  change coalesce
+	all spa ces coalesce
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test space change" -a &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce
+	space change coalesce
+	all spaces coalesce
+	eol spaces
+	space change
+	all spaces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test other space changes" -a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m merged -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (no ignore space)' '
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	- eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	- eol spaces
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	 -eol space coalesce Q
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	+ eol spaces Q
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space at eol)' '
+	git show --ignore-space-at-eol >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space change)' '
+	git show -b >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	- all spaces
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore all spaces)' '
+	git show -w >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	--all spaces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	  all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce simple' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_seq 4 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_seq 5 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--1
+	--2
+	--3
+	--4
+	- 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce tricky' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch -f side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	 -3
+	--1
+	 -2
+	--3
+	- 5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual &&
+	git checkout -f side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 3
+	--1
+	- 2
+	--3
+	 -5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'combine diff coalesce three parents' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	7
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	6
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty3 &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	COMMIT=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p side1 -p side2 -m merge $TREE) &&
+	git show $COMMIT >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	-- 3
+	---1
+	-  6
+	 - 2
+	 --3
+	  -7
+	- -5
+	---4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+# Test for a bug reported at
+# http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/224410
+# where a delete lines were missing from combined diff output when they
+# occurred exactly before the context lines of a later change.
+test_expect_success 'combine diff missing delete bug' '
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m side1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	0
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side1 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git diff-tree -c -p HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 0
+	  1
+	  2
+	  3
+	 -4
+	 +4modified
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index 6c01d0c..1751c83 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann, based on t7401 by Ping Yin
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Support for verbose submodule differences in git diff
@@ -10,19 +11,23 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# String "added" in German (translated with Google Translate), encoded in UTF-8,
+# used in sample commit log messages in add_file() function below.
+added=$(printf "hinzugef\303\274gt")
 add_file () {
-	sm=$1
-	shift
-	owd=$(pwd)
-	cd "$sm"
-	for name; do
-		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
-		git add "$name" &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "Add $name"
-	done >/dev/null
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
-	cd "$owd"
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		shift &&
+		for name
+		do
+			echo "$name" >"$name" &&
+			git add "$name" &&
+			test_tick &&
+			msg_added_iso88591=$(echo "Add $name ($added $name)" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1) &&
+			git -c 'i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1' commit -m "$msg_added_iso88591"
+		done >/dev/null &&
+		git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
+	)
 }
 commit_file () {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -33,92 +38,133 @@
 add_file . foo >/dev/null
 
 head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' '
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule, set diff.submodule' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	git config --unset diff.submodule &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--submodule=short overrides diff.submodule' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --submodule=short --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule does not affect plumbing' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git diff-index -p HEAD >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' '
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
-fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
+fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' '
 	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-index $head1..$head2 160000
---- a/sm1
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead1
-+Subproject commit $fullhead2
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	index $head1..$head2 160000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
 )
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
-head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
-  > Add foo5
-  > Add foo4
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
+	  > Add foo5 ($added foo5)
+	  > Add foo4 ($added foo4)
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
@@ -128,319 +174,319 @@
 rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' '
 	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..9da5fb8
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index 9da5fb8..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..$head5
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
-fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
-test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index $head5..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-EOF
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 (cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
-head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
+head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD) &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1
-test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
 head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+test_expect_success 'path filter' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm2
-test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
+fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 160000
-index $head6..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead6
-diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
-new file mode 160000
-index 0000000..$head7
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm2
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+Subproject commit $fullhead7
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 160000
+	index $head6..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead6
+	diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head7
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm2
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead7
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 	(cd sm2 &&
@@ -452,9 +498,9 @@
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with .git file' '
 	git diff --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
index 91f8198..04a44d5 100755
--- a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
+++ b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
@@ -106,4 +106,12 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# The point here is to test that we can log the notes cache and still use it to
+# produce a diff later (older versions of git would segfault on this). It's
+# much more likely to come up in the real world with "log --all -p", but using
+# --no-walk lets us reliably reproduce the order of traversal.
+test_expect_success 'log notes cache and still use cache for -p' '
+	git log --no-walk -p refs/notes/textconv/magic HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd04543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Mozilla Foundation
+#
+
+test_description='diff.context configuration'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >template <<-\EOF &&
+	firstline
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	preline
+	TARGET
+	postline
+	i
+	j
+	k
+	l
+	m
+	n
+	EOF
+	sed "/TARGET/d" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/ADDED/" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m next &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/MODIFIED/" >x <template
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default number of context lines is 3' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	! grep "^ d" output &&
+	grep "^ e" output &&
+	grep "^ j" output &&
+	! grep "^ k" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "log"' '
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	! grep firstline output &&
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'The -U option overrides diff.context' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -U4 -1 >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "diff"' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plumbing not affected' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff-files -p >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context no &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negative integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context -1 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config file" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-U0 is valid, so is diff.context=0' '
+	git config diff.context 0 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^-ADDED" output &&
+	grep "^+MODIFIED" output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index b1b906b..1b420e3 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@
 	git commit -m "Initial Version" 2>/dev/null &&
 
 	git checkout -b binary &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/x/\000/" <file1 >file3 &&
+	perl -pe "y/x/\000/" <file1 >file3 &&
 	cat file3 >file4 &&
 	git add file2 &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\000/v/" <file3 >file1 &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/v/" <file3 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file2 &&
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4 &&
 	git commit -m "Second Version" &&
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
index 7c39843..1618a6d 100755
--- a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@
 	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply half-broken patch from subdir of toplevel' '
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply <<-EOF
+		--- sub/dir/file
+		+++ sub/dir/file
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		--- file_in_root
+		+++ file_in_root
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
diff --git a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
index f12826f..ebadbc3 100755
--- a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
-	rm -f foo &&
+	git rm -f foo &&
 	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	git update-index --add foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
 	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
 	printf "\0" > foo &&
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@
 	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
 	'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD foo-baz-renamed-from-foo > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 	git checkout -f foo-baz-renamed-from-foo &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -82,21 +81,21 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-back-to-file > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'binary file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-binary &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-becomes-binary > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
diff --git a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
index 7674dd2..872fcda 100755
--- a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
@@ -9,18 +9,16 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
-	ln -s path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
-	git add link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
 	git branch side &&
 
 	rm -f link? &&
 
-	ln -s htap6 link1 &&
-	git update-index link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add htap6 link1 &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >patch  &&
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply --index symlink patch' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --index symlink patch' '
 
 	git checkout -f side &&
 	git apply --index patch &&
diff --git a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
index fca8153..2298ece 100755
--- a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&
 
 	for i in a b c g h i J K L m o n p q; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git commit -a -m second &&
 	git tag second &&
diff --git a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
index 3940737..70b3a06 100755
--- a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
+++ b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 	done
 }
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir -p arch/i386/boot arch/x86_64 &&
 	lecho 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
-	ln -s ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
+test_expect_success apply '
 
 	git checkout test &&
 	git diff --exit-code test &&
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
+test_expect_success 'check result' '
 
 	git diff --exit-code master &&
 	git diff --exit-code --cached master &&
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 6f6ee88..5d0c598 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	# find touched lines
 	$DIFF file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
 
-	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	# the changed lines are all expected to change
 	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
 	case "$1" in
 	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
@@ -486,4 +486,30 @@
 	test_cmp one expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=fix to expand' '
+	qz_to_tab_space >preimage <<-\EOF &&
+	QQa
+	QQb
+	QQc
+	ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZd
+	QQe
+	QQf
+	QQg
+	EOF
+	qz_to_tab_space >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/preimage b/preimage
+	--- a/preimage
+	+++ b/preimage
+	@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+	 QQa
+	 QQb
+	 QQc
+	-QQd
+	 QQe
+	 QQf
+	 QQg
+	EOF
+	git -c core.whitespace=tab-in-indent apply --whitespace=fix patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index cdafd7e..5edb79a 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 
 	EOF
-	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<-\EOF >>msg &&
 	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
 	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
 	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am <patch1 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-ws.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch2 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
 	git diff --exit-code master..HEAD &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD^ &&
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] \[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep-non-patch patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "^\[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 -p0 lorem-zero.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename-add.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -358,11 +358,17 @@
 test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem2^^ -- file &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --abort removes a stray directory' '
+	mkdir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
@@ -373,7 +379,7 @@
 	echo resolved >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git am --resolved &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
@@ -382,7 +388,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD
 '
 
@@ -391,7 +397,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --abort &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
@@ -400,7 +406,7 @@
 	echo "---" >>failmail &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 7f6666f..ed9c91e 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 	test_might_fail git config --unset rerere.enabled &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 
-	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1 &&
 	grep "^=======\$" $rr/preimage &&
 	! test -f $rr/postimage &&
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 
-	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1 &&
 	grep ^=======$ $rr/preimage
 '
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 	git config rerere.enabled true &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git merge first &&
-	sha1=$("$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
+	sha1=$(perl -pe "s/	.*//" .git/MERGE_RR) &&
 	rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1
 '
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
 	git show second^:a1 | sed "s/To die: t/To die! T/" >a1 &&
 	git commit -q -a -m third &&
 
-	test_must_fail git pull . first &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 	# rerere kicked in
 	! grep "^=======\$" a1 &&
 	test_cmp expect a1
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere clear' '
 	rm $rr/postimage &&
-	echo "$sha1	a1" | "$PERL_PATH" -pe "y/\012/\000/" >.git/MERGE_RR &&
+	echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe "y/\012/\000/" >.git/MERGE_RR &&
 	git rerere clear &&
 	! test -d $rr
 '
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index 6872ba1..4286699 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -120,6 +120,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog should add newline when input line matches wraplen' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+A U Thor (2):
+      bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+      aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+EOF
+	git shortlog -w >out <<\EOF &&
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
 iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
 	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
 }
@@ -148,4 +172,20 @@
 	git shortlog HEAD~2.. > out &&
 test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog ignores commits with missing authors' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m normal &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m soon-to-be-broken &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >commit.tmp &&
+	sed "/^author/d" commit.tmp >broken.tmp &&
+	commit=$(git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin <broken.tmp) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $commit &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor (1):
+	      normal
+
+	EOF
+	git shortlog HEAD~2.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index a343bf6..cb03d28 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -280,6 +280,16 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --raw --graph -m with merge' '
+	git log --raw --graph --oneline -m master | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "initial" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --graph' '
+	git diff-tree --graph master^ | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "one" actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 *   commit master
 |\  Merge: A B
@@ -409,8 +419,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >expect.full &&
@@ -419,8 +427,7 @@
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate true &&
+	test_config log.decorate true &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -428,8 +435,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate no &&
+	test_config log.decorate no &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
@@ -437,8 +443,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate 1 &&
+	test_config log.decorate 1 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -446,8 +451,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate short &&
+	test_config log.decorate short &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -455,8 +459,7 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -464,16 +467,15 @@
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
+	test_unconfig log.decorate &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.raw &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reflog is expected format' '
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section log &&
 	git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline >expect &&
 	git reflog >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -486,10 +488,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset log.abbrevCommit" &&
-
-	test_might_fail git config --unset log.abbrevCommit &&
-
 	git log --abbrev-commit >expect.log.abbrev &&
 	git log --no-abbrev-commit >expect.log.full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.log.raw &&
@@ -498,7 +496,7 @@
 	git whatchanged --abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.abbrev &&
 	git whatchanged --no-abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.full &&
 
-	git config log.abbrevCommit true &&
+	test_config log.abbrevCommit true &&
 
 	git log >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.log.abbrev actual &&
@@ -532,6 +530,20 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -c --follow' '
+	test_create_repo follow-c &&
+	(
+		cd follow-c &&
+		test_commit initial file original &&
+		git rm file &&
+		test_commit rename file2 original &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		test_commit modify file foo &&
+		git merge -m merge rename &&
+		git log -c --follow file2
+	)
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 1f182f6..0dd8b65 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	cat >contacts <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+
 	echo one >one &&
 	git add one &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -23,6 +28,44 @@
 	git commit --author "nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" -m second
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap no arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap \
+		"A U Thor <author@example.com>" \
+		"nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap --stdin <contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>
+	EOF
+	cat <contacts >>expect &&
+	git check-mailmap --stdin "Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>" \
+		<contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap bogus contact' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap bogus
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor (1):
       initial
@@ -149,6 +192,136 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup mailmap blob tests' '
+	git checkout -b map &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	cat >just-bugs <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	cat >both <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <author@example.com>
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	printf "Tricky Guy <author@example.com>" >no-newline &&
+	git add just-bugs both no-newline &&
+	git commit -m "my mailmaps" &&
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <author@example.com>" >internal.map
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob set' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:just-bugs shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob overrides .mailmap' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (2):
+	      initial
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:both shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file overrides mailmap.blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Internal Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git \
+	  -c mailmap.blob=map:both \
+	  -c mailmap.file=internal.map \
+	  shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can be missing' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:nonexistent shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to off in non-bare repo' '
+	git init non-bare &&
+	(
+		cd non-bare &&
+		test_commit one .mailmap "Fake Name <author@example.com>" &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		rm .mailmap &&
+		echo "     1	A U Thor" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to HEAD:.mailmap in bare repo' '
+	git clone --bare non-bare bare &&
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can handle blobs without trailing newline' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Tricky Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:no-newline shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after mailmap.blob tests' '
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name' '
+	echo "     1	A <author@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "A <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preserve canonical email case' '
+	echo "     1	A U Thor <AUTHOR@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "<AUTHOR@example.com> <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
@@ -239,6 +412,62 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+
+test_expect_success 'Only grep replaced author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author "<cto@coompany.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # git blame
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ^OBJI (A U Thor     DATE 1) one
@@ -255,4 +484,15 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual.fuzz
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --author honors mailmap' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --author "nick" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git commit --author "Some Dude" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git show --pretty=format:"%an <%ae>%n" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 98a43d4..2a6278b 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,38 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010, Will Palmer
+# Copyright (c) 2011, Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Test pretty formats'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+sample_utf8_part=$(printf "f\303\244ng")
+
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "initial. initial" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="initial. an${sample_utf8_part}lich\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'set up basic repos' '
 	>foo &&
 	>bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git commit -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
 	git add bar &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "add bar"
+	git commit -m "add bar" &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias builtin format' '
@@ -38,6 +56,20 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (iso8859-1 encoding)' '
+	git config i18n.logOutputEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	git config --unset i18n.logOutputEncoding &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (utf-8 encoding)' '
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat' '
 	git log --pretty="tformat:%h" >expected &&
 	git config pretty.test-alias "tformat:%h" &&
@@ -72,13 +104,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'NUL separation' '
-	printf "add bar\0initial" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)" >expected &&
 	git log -z --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'NUL termination' '
-	printf "add bar\0initial\0" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)\0" >expected &&
 	git log -z --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -86,7 +118,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
 	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
-	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -94,9 +126,203 @@
 test_expect_failure 'NUL termination with --stat' '
 	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
 	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
-	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0initial\n$stat1_part\n\0" >expected &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n0" >expected &&
 	git log -z --stat --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup more commits' '
+	test_commit "message one" one one message-one &&
+	test_commit "message two" two two message-two &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~0) &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~1) &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~2) &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="format:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing' '
+	git commit --amend -m short --author "long long long <long@me.com>" &&
+	git log --pretty="format:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	# complete the incomplete line at the end
+	echo >>actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log decoration properly follows tag chain' '
+	git tag -a tag1 -m tag1 &&
+	git tag -a tag2 -m tag2 tag1 &&
+	git tag -d tag1 &&
+	git commit --amend -m shorter &&
+	git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%H %d" --decorate=full >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+6a908c10688b2503073c39c9ba26322c73902bb5  (tag: refs/tags/tag2)
+9f716384d92283fb915a4eee5073f030638e05f9  (tag: refs/tags/message-one)
+b87e4cccdb77336ea79d89224737be7ea8e95367  (tag: refs/tags/message-two)
+EOF
+	sort actual >actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
index bbde31b..925f577 100755
--- a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
+++ b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
  ${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
  On master: Changes to A.t
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
 EOF
 
 # We want log to show all, but the second parent to refs/stash is irrelevant
diff --git a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
index 2c482b6..d8f23f4 100755
--- a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -11,11 +11,24 @@
 	mkdir sub
 '
 
-test_expect_success '"git log :/" should be ambiguous' '
-	test_must_fail git log :/ 2>error &&
+test_expect_success '"git log :/" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a" should be ambiguous (applied both rev and worktree)' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_must_fail git log :/a 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a -- " should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/a --
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log -- :/a" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log -- :/a
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git log :" should be ambiguous' '
 	test_must_fail git log : 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
@@ -33,4 +46,19 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'command line pathspec parsing for "git log"' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "add an empty a" --allow-empty &&
+	echo 1 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 1" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo 2 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 2" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git add a &&
+	git log --merge -- a
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
index eed7273..38fb80f 100755
--- a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
+++ b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,20 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -G --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log -S (nomatch)' '
 	git log -Spicked --format=%H >actual &&
 	>expect &&
@@ -116,4 +130,18 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -S --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..52a7472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log with i18n features'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two forms of é
+utf8_e=$(printf '\303\251')
+latin1_e=$(printf '\351')
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits in different encodings' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	utf8
+
+	t${utf8_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=utf8 commit -F msg &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	latin1
+
+	t${latin1_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=ISO-8859-1 commit -F msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (utf8)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (latin1)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (utf8)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (latin1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211-line-log.sh b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7369d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log -L'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (import history)' '
+	git fast-import < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4211/history.export &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+canned_test_1 () {
+	test_expect_$1 "$2" "
+		git log $2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/t4211/expect.$3 actual
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test () {
+	canned_test_1 success "$@"
+}
+canned_test_failure () {
+	canned_test_1 failure "$@"
+}
+
+test_bad_opts () {
+	test_expect_success "invalid args: $1" "
+		test_must_fail git log $1 2>errors &&
+		grep '$2' errors
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L 4,+9:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L '/long f/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L :f:a.c simple" simple-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L '/main/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-main
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c simple" simple-main-to-end
+
+canned_test "-L 1,+4:a.c simple" beginning-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L 20:a.c simple" end-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L '/long f/',/^}/:a.c -L /main/,/^}/:a.c simple" two-ranges
+canned_test "-L 24,+1:a.c simple" vanishes-early
+
+canned_test "-M -L '/long f/,/^}/:b.c' move-support" move-support-f
+canned_test "-M -L ':f:b.c' parallel-change" parallel-change-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c -L :main:a.c simple" multiple
+canned_test "-L 4,18:a.c -L ^:main:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c -L 4,18:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L 4:a.c -L 8,12:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+canned_test "-L 8,12:a.c -L 4:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+
+test_bad_opts "-L" "switch.*requires a value"
+test_bad_opts "-L b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:nonexistent" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:simple" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L '/foo:b.c'" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1,1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L :b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L :foo:b.c" "no match"
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(wc -l <b.c) &&
+	git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <b.c)) &&
+	git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91b4054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+commit 4a23ae5c98d59a58c6da036156959f2dc9f472ad
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:47:40 2013 +0100
+
+    change at very beginning
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
++#include <unistd.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ long f(long x)
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++int f(int x)
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd25bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,3 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +18,3 @@
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c905e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ad5b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d930b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d930b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..052def8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+commit 0469c60bc4837d52d97b1f081dec5f98dea20fed
+Merge: ba227c6 6ce3c4f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:16:24 2013 +0200
+
+    Merge across the rename
+
+
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit ba227c6632349700fbb957dec2b50f5e2358be3f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:15:57 2013 +0200
+
+    change on another line of history while rename happens
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * This is only an example!
++ * This is only a short example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1f5bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a475768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39ce39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8480bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6109aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f7cd06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +24,1 @@
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +20,1 @@
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/history.export b/t/t4211/history.export
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f41e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/history.export
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+blob
+mark :1
+data 157
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+reset refs/tags/simple
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :2
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+data 8
+initial
+M 100644 :1 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data 168
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :4
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+data 11
+change f()
+from :2
+M 100644 :3 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :5
+data 171
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :6
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+data 21
+touch both functions
+from :4
+M 100644 :5 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :7
+data 185
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :8
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+data 14
+touch comment
+from :6
+M 100644 :7 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :9
+data 205
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :10
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+data 25
+change at very beginning
+from :8
+M 100644 :9 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :11
+data 204
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :12
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+data 36
+change to an incomplete line at end
+from :10
+M 100644 :11 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :13
+data 238
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :14
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+data 29
+change back to complete line
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 a.c
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :15
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+data 10
+move file
+from :14
+D a.c
+M 100644 :13 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :16
+data 237
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :17
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+data 22
+another simple change
+from :15
+M 100644 :16 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :18
+data 254
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x);
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :19
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+data 21
+move within the file
+from :17
+M 100644 :18 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :20
+data 243
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :21
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+data 55
+change on another line of history while rename happens
+from :14
+M 100644 :20 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :22
+data 242
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :23
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776184 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776191 +0200
+data 24
+Merge across the rename
+from :21
+merge :17
+D a.c
+M 100644 :22 b.c
+
+reset refs/heads/parallel-change
+from :23
+
diff --git a/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93c7c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log with invalid commit headers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+	sed "/^author /s/>/>-<>/" >broken_email.commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit broken_email.commit >broken_email.hash &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/broken_email $(cat broken_email.hash)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices broken commit' '
+	git fsck 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep invalid.author actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log with broken author email' '
+	{
+		echo commit $(cat broken_email.hash)
+		echo "Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+		echo "Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700"
+		echo
+		echo "    foo"
+	} >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --format with broken author email' '
+	echo "A U Thor+author@example.com+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700" >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log --format="%an+%ae+%ad" broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
index b7da95f..85716dd 100755
--- a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
+++ b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@
 test_description='git am with corrupt input'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# Note the missing "+++" line:
-cat > bad-patch.diff <<'EOF'
-From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
-diff --git a/f b/f
-index 7898192..6178079 100644
---- a/f
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--a
-+b
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	echo a > f &&
+	# Note the missing "+++" line:
+	cat >bad-patch.diff <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+	diff --git a/f b/f
+	index 7898192..6178079 100644
+	--- a/f
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-a
+	+b
+	EOF
+
+	echo a >f &&
 	git add f &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial
@@ -26,17 +25,12 @@
 #   fatal: unable to write file '(null)' mode 100644: Bad address
 # Also, it had the unwanted side-effect of deleting f.
 test_expect_success 'try to apply corrupted patch' '
-	git am bad-patch.diff 2> actual
-	test $? = 1
+	test_must_fail git am bad-patch.diff 2>actual
 '
 
-cat > expected <<EOF
-fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'compare diagnostic; ensure file is still here' '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	test -f f &&
+	echo "fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)" >expected &&
+	test_path_is_file f &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
index 46c3fe7..9015e47 100755
--- a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file add !A, B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in local
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -38,9 +36,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file add A, B (same)' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in both
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -181,9 +176,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'file remove A, !B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-removed in local
-  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -213,6 +205,19 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'file remove A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
+EXPECTED
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "rm-a-b-base" "ONE" "AAA" &&
+	git rm ONE &&
+	git commit -m "rm-a-b" &&
+	git tag "rm-a-b" &&
+	git merge-tree rm-a-b-base rm-a-b rm-a-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'file change A, remove B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
 removed in remote
@@ -254,4 +259,97 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "file" add-tree-A &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-A add-tree-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (different)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in both
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  their  100644 ba629238ca89489f2b350e196ca445e09d8bb834 sub/file
+	@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+	+<<<<<<< .our
+	 AAA
+	+=======
+	+BBB
+	+>>>>>>> .their
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" add-tree-a-b-A &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "BBB" add-tree-a-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-a-b-A add-tree-a-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree unchanged A, removed B' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" tree-remove-b-initial &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove sub/file" &&
+	git tag tree-remove-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn file to tree' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm initial-file &&
+	mkdir initial-file &&
+	test_commit "turn-file-to-tree" "initial-file/ONE" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree initial initial turn-file-to-tree >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 initial-file/ONE
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	  our    100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-initial
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn tree to file' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit "add-tree" "dir/path" "AAA" &&
+	test_commit "add-another-tree" "dir/another" "BBB" &&
+	rm -fr dir &&
+	test_commit "make-file" "dir" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree add-tree add-another-tree make-file >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 dir
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index ecf00ed..c2023b1 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -25,36 +25,81 @@
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 GZIP=${GZIP:-gzip}
 GUNZIP=${GUNZIP:-gzip -d}
 
 SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
 
-check_zip() {
-	zipfile=$1.zip
+test_lazy_prereq TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK '
+	(
+		mkdir pax &&
+		cd pax &&
+		"$TAR" xf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5000/pax.tar &&
+		test -f PaxHeaders.1791/file
+	)
+'
+
+get_pax_header() {
+	file=$1
+	header=$2=
+
+	while read len rest
+	do
+		if test "$len" = $(echo "$len $rest" | wc -c)
+		then
+			case "$rest" in
+			$header*)
+				echo "${rest#$header}"
+				;;
+			esac
+		fi
+	done <"$file"
+}
+
+check_tar() {
+	tarfile=$1.tar
 	listfile=$1.lst
 	dir=$1
 	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
 
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" "
-		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && $UNZIP ../$zipfile)
-	"
+	test_expect_success ' extract tar archive' '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$TAR" xf -) <$tarfile
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+	test_expect_success TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK ' interpret pax headers' '
+		(
+			cd $dir &&
+			for header in *.paxheader
+			do
+				data=${header%.paxheader}.data &&
+				if test -h $data -o -e $data
+				then
+					path=$(get_pax_header $header path) &&
+					if test -n "$path"
+					then
+						mv "$data" "$path"
+					fi
+				fi
+			done
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate filenames' '
 		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
 		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
-	"
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+	test_expect_success ' validate file contents' '
 		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
-	"
+	'
 }
 
 test_expect_success \
     'populate workdir' \
-    'mkdir a b c &&
+    'mkdir a &&
      echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     ten=0123456789 && hundred=$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten &&
+     echo long filename >a/four$hundred &&
      mkdir a/bin &&
      cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
      printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
@@ -83,6 +128,12 @@
      git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
      git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
 
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
     'create bare clone' \
     'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
@@ -96,13 +147,19 @@
     'git archive' \
     'git archive HEAD >b.tar'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD >b2.tar'
+check_tar b
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive vs. git tar-tree' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b2.tar'
+test_expect_success 'git archive --prefix=prefix/' '
+	git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >with_prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_prefix prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
+	git archive --prefix=olde- HEAD >with_olde-prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_olde-prefix olde-
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive on large files' '
     test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
@@ -139,96 +196,14 @@
     'git get-tar-commit-id <b.tar >b.commitid &&
      test_cmp .git/$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) b.commitid'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive' \
-    '(cd b && "$TAR" xf -) <b.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd b/a && find .) | sort >b.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst b.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a b/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree with prefix' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD prefix >c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive with prefix' \
-    '(cd c && "$TAR" xf -) <c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd c/prefix/a && find .) | sort >c.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst c.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a c/prefix/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'create archives with substfiles' \
-    'cp .git/info/attributes .git/info/attributes.before &&
-     echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
-     git archive HEAD >f.tar &&
-     git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >g.tar &&
-     mv .git/info/attributes.before .git/info/attributes'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles' \
-    '(mkdir f && cd f && "$TAR" xf -) <f.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >f/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp f/a/substfile1.expected f/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 f/a/substfile2
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree' '
+	git tar-tree HEAD >tar-tree.tar &&
+	test_cmp b.tar tar-tree.tar
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles from archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir g && cd g && "$TAR" xf -) <g.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents from archive with prefix' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected g/prefix/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
-'
-
-$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip' \
-    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
-
-check_zip d
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
-    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
-    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
-	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree with prefix' '
+	git tar-tree HEAD prefix >tar-tree_with_prefix.tar &&
+	test_cmp with_prefix.tar tar-tree_with_prefix.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
@@ -237,26 +212,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
-
-check_zip e prefix/
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
-	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
-	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
-'
-
-check_zip large-compressed
-
-test_expect_success \
     'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
     'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
 
@@ -268,22 +223,11 @@
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
-	git archive --prefix=olde- >h.tar HEAD &&
-	(
-		mkdir h &&
-		cd h &&
-		"$TAR" xf - <../h.tar
-	) &&
-	test -d h/olde-a &&
-	test -d h/olde-a/bin &&
-	test -f h/olde-a/bin/sh
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup tar filters' '
 	git config tar.tar.foo.command "tr ab ba" &&
 	git config tar.bar.command "tr ab ba" &&
-	git config tar.bar.remote true
+	git config tar.bar.remote true &&
+	git config tar.invalid baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'archive --list mentions user filter' '
diff --git a/t/t5000/pax.tar b/t/t5000/pax.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d911737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5000/pax.tar
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6667d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute pattern tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	mkdir not-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored &&
+	echo not-ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	git add not-ignored-dir &&
+
+	mkdir ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-only-if-dir/ export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored-only-if-dir &&
+
+	mkdir -p ignored-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "ignored-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p wildcard-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "wild*-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/and/slashless &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	git add deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	echo "deep/and/slashless export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/with/wildcard &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	git add deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	echo "deep/*t*/wildcard export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	git add one-level-lower &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+test_expect_exists	archive/one-level-lower/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c72f71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive --format=zip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP_SYMLINKS '
+	(
+		mkdir unzip-symlinks &&
+		cd unzip-symlinks &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip &&
+		test -h symlink
+	)
+'
+
+check_zip() {
+	zipfile=$1.zip
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS,UNZIP_SYMLINKS 'add symlink' '
+	ln -s a a/symlink_to_a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file list' '
+	(cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add files to repository' \
+    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $treeid >treeid &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
+     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+check_zip d
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+check_zip e prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large-compressed
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..065728c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..67f3b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test corner cases of git-archive'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with empty tree' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo
+'
+
+# Make a dir and clean it up afterwards
+make_dir() {
+	mkdir "$1" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf '$1'"
+}
+
+# Check that the dir given in "$1" contains exactly the
+# set of paths given as arguments.
+check_dir() {
+	dir=$1; shift
+	{
+		echo "$dir" &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$dir/$i"
+		done
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	find "$dir" ! -name pax_global_header -print | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+
+# bsdtar/libarchive versions before 3.1.3 consider a tar file with a
+# global pax header that is not followed by a file record as corrupt.
+if "$TAR" tf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK
+fi
+
+test_expect_success HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK 'tar archive of commit with empty tree' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >empty-with-pax-header.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf empty-with-pax-header.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD: >empty.tar &&
+	perl -e "print \"\\0\" x 10240" >10knuls.tar &&
+	test_cmp 10knuls.tar empty.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf prefix.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	# Detect the exit code produced when our particular flavor of unzip
+	# sees an empty archive. Infozip will generate a warning and exit with
+	# code 1. But in the name of sanity, we do not expect other unzip
+	# implementations to do the same thing (it would be perfectly
+	# reasonable to exit 0, for example).
+	#
+	# This makes our test less rigorous on some platforms (unzip may not
+	# handle the empty repo at all, making our later check of its exit code
+	# a no-op). But we cannot do anything reasonable except skip the test
+	# on such platforms anyway, and this is the moral equivalent.
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip
+	expect_code=$?
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >empty.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		test_expect_code $expect_code "$GIT_UNZIP" ../empty.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	# We do not have to play exit-code tricks here, because our
+	# result should not be empty; it has a directory in it.
+	git archive --format=zip --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" ../prefix.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive complains about pathspec on empty tree' '
+	test_must_fail git archive --format=tar HEAD -- foo >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit with an empty subtree' '
+	empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	root_tree=$(printf "040000 tree $empty_tree\tsub\n" | git mktree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree with no pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree >subtree-all.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-all.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree by direct pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree -- sub >subtree-path.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-path.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da9e39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty.zip b/t/t5004/empty.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a76bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty.zip
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
index 432f98c..1afa0d5 100755
--- a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@
 
 	cat <<-EOT >fuzz.sed
 	#!/bin/sed -nf
+	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/$_x40/OBJECT_NAME/g
 	s/A U Thor/AUTHOR/g
 	s/[-0-9]\{10\} [:0-9]\{8\} [-+][0-9]\{4\}/DATE/g
 	s/        [^ ].*/        SUBJECT/g
 	s/  [^ ].* (DATE)/  SUBJECT (DATE)/g
-	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/for-upstream/BRANCH/g
 	s/mnemonic.txt/FILENAME/g
 	s/^version [0-9]/VERSION/
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index a07c871..20c1961 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
     'rm -f .git/index* &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
+     perl -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
+     perl -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
+     perl -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
      test-genrandom "seed a" 2097152 > a_big &&
      test-genrandom "seed b" 2097152 > b_big &&
      git update-index --add a a_big b b_big c &&
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 cd "$TRASH"
 
 test_expect_success 'compare delta flavors' '
-	"$PERL_PATH" -e '\''
+	perl -e '\''
 		defined($_ = -s $_) or die for @ARGV;
 		exit 1 if $ARGV[0] <= $ARGV[1];
 	'\'' test-2-$packname_2.pack test-3-$packname_3.pack
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (REF_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (OFS_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
 
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@
 		rm -fr $GOP &&
 		git index-pack --stdin --keep=test <../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.keep
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
index 5b1250f..663b02b 100755
--- a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     ofs=`git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" "` &&
     ofs=$(($ofs + $2)) &&
     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-    dd of=${pack}.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
+    dd of=${pack}.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
     test_must_fail git verify-pack ${pack}.pack
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
      chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/ base /abcdef/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ base /abcdef/" ${pack}.pack &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
      chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-     "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/ delta1 /abcdefgh/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ delta1 /abcdefgh/" ${pack}.pack &&
      git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
      test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
@@ -276,6 +276,33 @@
      git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
 
 test_expect_success \
+    'corruption of delta base reference pointing to wrong object' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\220\033" | do_corrupt_object $blob_3 2 &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 >/dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 >/dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 >/dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_3 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset --no-reuse-delta &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
     'corrupting header to have too small output buffer fails unpack' \
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
index d645328..e4bb3a1 100755
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -195,4 +195,30 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'garbage report in count-objects -v' '
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.idx &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "index file .git/objects/pack/fake.idx is too small" stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/fake.bar
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo.bar
+warning: no corresponding .idx nor .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake2.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+warning: no corresponding .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.idx
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c5a876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='handling of duplicate objects in incoming packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# The sha1s we have in our pack. It's important that these have the same
+# starting byte, so that they end up in the same fanout section of the index.
+# That lets us make sure we are exercising the binary search with both sets.
+LO_SHA1=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+HI_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+
+# And here's a "missing sha1" which will produce failed lookups. It must also
+# be in the same fanout section, and should be between the two (so that during
+# our binary search, we are sure to end up looking at one or the other of the
+# duplicate runs).
+MISSING_SHA1='e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+
+# git will never intentionally create packfiles with
+# duplicate objects, so we have to construct them by hand.
+#
+# $1 is the name of the packfile to create
+#
+# $2 is the number of times to duplicate each object
+create_pack () {
+	pack_header "$((2 * $2))" >"$1" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 "$2"); do
+		pack_obj $LO_SHA1 &&
+		pack_obj $HI_SHA1
+	done >>"$1" &&
+	pack_trailer "$1"
+}
+
+# double-check that create_pack actually works
+test_expect_success 'pack with no duplicates' '
+	create_pack no-dups.pack 1 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <no-dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack will allow duplicate objects by default' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 100 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create batch-check test vectors' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	$LO_SHA1
+	$HI_SHA1
+	$MISSING_SHA1
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-EOF
+	$LO_SHA1 blob 2
+	$HI_SHA1 blob 0
+	$MISSING_SHA1 missing
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (binary search)' '
+	git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (GIT_USE_LOOKUP)' '
+	(
+		GIT_USE_LOOKUP=1 &&
+		export GIT_USE_LOOKUP &&
+		git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack can reject packs with duplicates' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 2 &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --strict --stdin <dups.pack &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cat-file -e $LO_SHA1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3e7861b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test index-pack handling of delta cycles in packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# Two similar-ish objects that we have computed deltas between.
+A=01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc
+B=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+
+# double-check our hand-constucted packs
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (A->B)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B
+	} >ab.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (B->A)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >ba.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ba.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ba.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects missing base objects' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 1 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B
+	} >missing.pack &&
+	pack_trailer missing.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <missing.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects REF_DELTA cycles' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >cycle.pack &&
+	pack_trailer cycle.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to an object in another pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin --fix-thin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to a duplicate object in the same pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 3 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A &&
+		pack_obj $A
+	} >recoverable.pack &&
+	pack_trailer recoverable.pack &&
+	git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <recoverable.pack
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
index c240035..2b8c0ba 100755
--- a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
-	test_must_fail git push
+	test_must_fail git push origin :
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
diff --git a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
index baa670c..ea2e0d4 100755
--- a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 }
 
 verify_hook_input () {
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args expected.args &&
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data expected.data
+	test_cmp expected.args "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args &&
+	test_cmp expected.data "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit --amend' '
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index 6322e8a..5b2b1c2 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -130,16 +130,32 @@
 	test_must_fail git --git-dir=branch-a/.git rev-parse origin/B
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1' '
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0 &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1 with fsck' '
+	git config --global fetch.fsckobjects true &&
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0fsck &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0fsck/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1 &&
+	git config --global --unset fetch.fsckobjects
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
 	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 2
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+	grep "^in-pack: 12" count.shallow
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
@@ -256,12 +272,36 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 11
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+	grep "^count: 55" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --no-shallow on full repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch --noshallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth --no-shallow' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 --noshallow
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn shallow to complete repository' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --unshallow &&
+		! test -f .git/shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow without --no-single-branch' '
@@ -273,7 +313,7 @@
 		cd shallow2 &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow2 &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 6" count.shallow2
+	grep "^in-pack: 3" count.shallow2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
@@ -281,7 +321,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
-	echo "in-pack: 6" > count3.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 3" > count3.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow3/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count3.actual &&
 	test_cmp count3.expected count3.actual
@@ -310,7 +350,7 @@
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count6.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count6.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count6.actual &&
 	test_cmp count6.expected count6.actual
@@ -325,12 +365,46 @@
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count7.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count7.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count7.actual &&
 	test_cmp count7.expected count7.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with packed refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow8 &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count8.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow8/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count8.actual &&
+	test_cmp count8.expected count8.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch in shallow repo unreachable shallow objects' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare --branch B --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." no-reflog &&
+		git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/no-reflog" shallow9 &&
+		cd no-reflog &&
+		git tag -d TAGB1 TAGB2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/heads/B B~~ &&
+		git gc --prune=now &&
+		cd ../shallow9 &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git fsck --no-dangling
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'fetch creating new shallow root' '
+	(
+		git clone "file://$(pwd)/." shallow10 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+		cd shallow10 &&
+		git fetch --depth=1 --progress 2>actual &&
+		# This should fetch only the empty commit, no tree or
+		# blob objects
+		grep "remote: Total 1" actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup tests for the --stdin parameter' '
 	for head in C D E F
 	do
@@ -442,4 +516,107 @@
 	) >out-adt 2>error-adt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch with tags does not break the repository' '
+	mkdir repo1 &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2 &&
+		test_commit 3 &&
+		mkdir repo2 &&
+		cd repo2 &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --depth=2 ../.git master:branch &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+check_prot_path () {
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$2
+	Diag: path=$3
+	EOF
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" | grep -v hostandport= >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+check_prot_host_path () {
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$2
+	Diag: hostandport=$3
+	Diag: path=$4
+	EOF
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+for r in repo re:po re/po
+do
+	# git or ssh with scheme
+	for p in "ssh+git" "git+ssh" git ssh
+	do
+		for h in host host:12 [::1] [::1]:23
+		do
+			case "$p" in
+			*ssh*)
+				pp=ssh
+				;;
+			*)
+				pp=$p
+			;;
+			esac
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+				check_prot_host_path $p://$h/$r $pp "$h" "/$r"
+			'
+			# "/~" -> "~" conversion
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+				check_prot_host_path $p://$h/~$r $pp "$h" "~$r"
+			'
+		done
+	done
+	# file with scheme
+	for p in file
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/$r $p "/$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/~$r $p "/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	# file without scheme
+	for h in nohost nohost:12 [::1] [::1]:23 [ [:aa
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$h:$r" '
+			check_prot_path ./$h:$r $p "./$h:$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$p:$h/~$r" '
+		check_prot_path ./$p:$h/~$r $p "./$p:$h/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	#ssh without scheme
+	p=ssh
+	for h in host [::1]
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:$r" '
+			check_prot_path $h:$r $p "$r"
+		'
+		# Do "/~" -> "~" conversion
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:/~$r" '
+			check_prot_host_path $h:/~$r $p "$h" "~$r"
+		'
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url file://c:/repo' '
+	check_prot_path file://c:/repo file c:/repo
+'
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url c:repo' '
+	check_prot_path c:repo file c:repo
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 60de2d6..f30c038 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
-	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-fi
-
 # End state of the repository:
 #
 #         T - tag1          S - tag2
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@
 #     \   C - origin/cat    \
 #      origin/master         master
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo ichi >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -39,28 +35,35 @@
 '
 
 U=UPLOAD_LOG
+UPATH="$(pwd)/$U"
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $A
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+get_needs () {
+	test -s "$1" &&
+	perl -alne '
+		next unless $F[1] eq "upload-pack<";
+		last if $F[2] eq "0000";
+		print $F[2], " ", $F[3];
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
 	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 
@@ -72,30 +75,27 @@
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $C
 want $T
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo O >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -111,39 +111,34 @@
 	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
 	git branch -D cat
 	rm -f $U
 	(
@@ -151,15 +146,14 @@
 		cd clone2 &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add origin .. &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index ccc55eb..ac79dd9 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -42,107 +42,104 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	setup_repository one &&
 	setup_repository two &&
 	(
-		cd two && git branch another
+		cd two &&
+		git branch another
 	) &&
 	git clone one test
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remote information for the origin' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git remote add -f second ../two &&
-	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
-	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote add -f second ../two &&
+		tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
+		    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote tracking' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_remote_track second master side another
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote-tracking' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_remote_track second master side another
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
-	+*) true ;;
-	 *) false ;;
-	esac
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
+		+*) true ;;
+		 *) false ;;
+		esac
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
-	git remote rm second
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
+		git remote rm second
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote protects local branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	{ cat >expect1 <<EOF
-Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
-to delete it, use:
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	{ cat >expect2 <<EOF
-Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
-to delete them, use:
-  git branch -d foobranch
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	git tag footag &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
-	git branch foobranch &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
-	git branch -d foobranch &&
-	git tag -d footag &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		cat >expect1 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
+		to delete it, use:
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		cat >expect2 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
+		to delete them, use:
+		  git branch -d foobranch
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		git tag footag &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
+		git branch foobranch &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
+		git branch -d foobranch &&
+		git tag -d footag &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -163,45 +160,47 @@
 * remote two
   Fetch URL: ../two
   Push  URL: ../three
-  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):
-    another
-    master
+  HEAD branch: master
   Local refs configured for 'git push':
     ahead  forces to master  (fast-forwardable)
     master pushes to another (up to date)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git fetch &&
-	 git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
-	 echo 1 >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m update file &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
-	 git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
-	 git branch -d -r origin/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
-	 git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
-	 git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
-	 (cd ../one &&
-	  echo 1 > file &&
-	  test_tick &&
-	  git commit -m update file) &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
-	 git remote show origin two > output &&
-	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
+		echo 1 >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m update file &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
+		git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
+		git branch -d -r origin/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
+		git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
+		git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
+		git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			echo 1 >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m update file
+		) &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
+		git remote show origin two >output &&
+		git branch -d rebase octopus &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -219,152 +218,183 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show -n' '
-	(mv one one.unreachable &&
-	 cd test &&
-	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
-	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'prune' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
-	 git remote set-head --delete origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head --auto origin &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
+	mv one one.unreachable &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote show -n origin >output &&
+		mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
 	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
-error: Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:
-  git remote set-head two another
-  git remote set-head two master
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect output)
+test_expect_success 'prune' '
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
+test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
+		git remote set-head --delete origin &&
+		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head --auto origin &&
+		echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto has no problem w/multiple HEADs' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch two "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/two/*" &&
+		git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
+		echo "two/HEAD set to master" >expect &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 refs/remotes/origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head explicit' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head origin side2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 git remote set-head origin master &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head origin side2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		git remote set-head origin master &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 Pruning origin
 URL: $(pwd)/one
  * [would prune] origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'prune --dry-run' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote prune --dry-run origin > output &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	(cd ../one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	 test_i18ncmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote prune --dry-run origin >output &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	(
+		cd ../one &&
+		git branch -m side side2) &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
-	(mkdir mirror &&
-	 cd mirror &&
-	 git init --bare &&
-	 git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd mirror &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side)
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init --bare &&
+		git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror=fetch' '
 	mkdir mirror-fetch &&
 	git init mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 test_commit one) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/child &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent)
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors can prune' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote prune parent &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote prune parent &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors do not act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git checkout HEAD^0
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git push parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git push parent :
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add fetch mirror with specific branches' '
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/track &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirror respects specific branches' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
@@ -372,60 +402,72 @@
 	mkdir mirror-push &&
 	git init --bare mirror-push/public &&
 	git init mirror-push/private &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 test_commit one &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed &&
-	 git push public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed &&
+		git push public
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-push/public &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/public &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git fetch public &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git fetch public &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not allow you to specify refs' '
 	git init mirror-push/track &&
-	(cd mirror-push/track &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/track &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add alt && prune' '
-	(mkdir alttst &&
-	 cd alttst &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*") &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd alttst &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 git fetch alt &&
-	 git remote prune alt &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	mkdir alttst &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		git fetch alt &&
+		git remote prune alt &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
 cat >test/expect <<\EOF
@@ -433,20 +475,24 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add with reachable tags (default)' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 >foobar &&
-	 git add foobar &&
-	 git commit -m "Foobar" &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
-	 git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag) &&
-	(mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		>foobar &&
+		git add foobar &&
+		git commit -m "Foobar" &&
+		git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag
+	) &&
+	mkdir add-tags &&
+	(
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -457,14 +503,16 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-tags &&
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -473,25 +521,31 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --no-tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-no-tags &&
-	 cd add-no-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-no-tags &&
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject --no-no-tags' '
-	(cd add-no-tags &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one)
+	(
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   drosophila/another
@@ -500,17 +554,17 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git remote add drosophila ../two &&
-	 git remote add apis ../mirror &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git remote add drosophila ../two &&
+		git remote add apis ../mirror &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
@@ -521,34 +575,40 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update with arguments' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
-	 git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
-	 git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
-	 git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
-	 git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
+		git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
+		git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
+		git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
+		git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update --prune' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side3) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote update --prune &&
-	 (cd ../one && git branch -m side3 side2) &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote update --prune &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			git branch -m side3 side2
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<-\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   manduca/master
@@ -558,176 +618,204 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default (overridden, with funny whitespace)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update (with remotes.default defined)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
 		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"remote show" does not show symbolic refs' '
-
 	git clone one three &&
-	(cd three &&
-	 git remote show origin > output &&
-	 ! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
-	 ! grep -i stale < output)
-
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git remote show origin >output &&
+		! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
+		! grep -i stale < output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject adding remote with an invalid name' '
-
 	test_must_fail git remote add some:url desired-name
-
 '
 
 # The first three test if the tracking branches are properly renamed,
 # the last two ones check if the config is updated.
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
-
 	git clone one four &&
-	(cd four &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
-	 test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream")
-
+	(
+		cd four &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename does not update a non-default fetch refspec' '
-
 	git clone one four.one &&
-	(cd four.one &&
-	 git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
-	 git rev-parse -q origin/master)
-
+	(
+		cd four.one &&
+		git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
+		git rev-parse -q origin/master
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name part of fetch spec' '
-
 	git clone one four.two &&
-	(cd four.two &&
-	 git remote rename origin remote &&
-	 git remote rename remote upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*")
-
+	(
+		cd four.two &&
+		git remote rename origin remote &&
+		git remote rename remote upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name prefix of other remote' '
-
 	git clone one four.three &&
-	(cd four.three &&
-	 git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
-	 git remote rename o upstream &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)")
-
+	(
+		cd four.three &&
+		git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
+		git remote rename o upstream &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	)
 '
 
-cat > remotes_origin << EOF
+cat >remotes_origin <<EOF
 URL: $(pwd)/one
 Push: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+Push: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
 Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+Pull: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes' '
 	git clone one five &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd five &&
-	 git remote remove origin &&
-	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
-	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd five &&
+		git remote remove origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+		cat ../remotes_origin >.git/remotes/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		cat >push_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
+		EOF
+		cat >fetch_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
+		EOF
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.push >push_actual &&
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.fetch >fetch_actual &&
+		test_cmp push_expected push_actual &&
+		test_cmp fetch_expected fetch_actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
 	git clone one six &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd six &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 echo "$origin_url" > .git/branches/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/branches/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd six &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "$origin_url" >.git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/master"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches (2)' '
+	git clone one seven &&
+	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "quux#foom" > .git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "quux" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/foom:refs/heads/origin"
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/foom"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
-	git clone one seven &&
+	git clone one eight &&
 	(
 		cd one &&
 		git checkout side2 &&
 		git branch -D master
 	) &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git remote prune origin
 	) >err 2>&1 &&
 	test_i18ngrep "has become dangling" err &&
 
 	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git branch -a
 	) 2>err &&
 	! grep "points nowhere" err &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		test_must_fail git branch nomore origin
 	) 2>err &&
 	grep "dangling symref" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show empty remote' '
-
 	test_create_repo empty &&
 	git clone empty empty-clone &&
 	(
@@ -1003,4 +1091,26 @@
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'extra args: setup' '
+	# add a dummy origin so that this does not trigger failure
+	git remote add origin .
+'
+
+test_extra_arg () {
+	test_expect_success "extra args: $*" "
+		test_must_fail git remote $* bogus_extra_arg 2>actual &&
+		grep '^usage:' actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_extra_arg add nick url
+test_extra_arg rename origin newname
+test_extra_arg remove origin
+test_extra_arg set-head origin master
+# set-branches takes any number of args
+test_extra_arg set-url origin newurl oldurl
+# show takes any number of args
+# prune takes any number of args
+# update takes any number of args
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index d7a19a1..07986d9 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -370,30 +370,39 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'mark initial state of origin/master' '
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git tag base-origin-master refs/remotes/origin/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit pull should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'explicit pull should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git pull origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
@@ -404,6 +413,7 @@
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
@@ -412,6 +422,22 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'non-matching refspecs do not confuse tracking update' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/odd/location HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch \
+			refs/odd/location:refs/remotes/origin/odd &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/odd
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'pushing nonexistent branch by mistake should not segv' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -471,6 +497,88 @@
 	)
 '
 
+# configured prune tests
+
+set_config_tristate () {
+	# var=$1 val=$2
+	case "$2" in
+	unset)  test_unconfig "$1" ;;
+	*)	git config "$1" "$2" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_configured_prune () {
+	fetch_prune=$1 remote_origin_prune=$2 cmdline=$3 expected=$4
+
+	test_expect_success "prune fetch.prune=$1 remote.origin.prune=$2${3:+ $3}; $4" '
+		# make sure a newbranch is there in . and also in one
+		git branch -f newbranch &&
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			test_unconfig fetch.prune &&
+			test_unconfig remote.origin.prune &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+		)
+
+		# now remove it
+		git branch -d newbranch &&
+
+		# then test
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			set_config_tristate fetch.prune $fetch_prune &&
+			set_config_tristate remote.origin.prune $remote_origin_prune &&
+
+			git fetch $cmdline &&
+			case "$expected" in
+			pruned)
+				test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			kept)
+				git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			esac
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+test_configured_prune unset unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  unset ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune true  false "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  false "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune false true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--no-prune"	kept
+
 test_expect_success 'all boundary commits are excluded' '
 	test_commit base &&
 	test_commit oneside &&
@@ -486,4 +594,15 @@
 	test_bundle_object_count .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack##pack	}.pack 3
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetching a one-level ref works' '
+	test_commit extra &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/foo extra &&
+	git init one-level &&
+	(
+		cd one-level &&
+		git fetch .. HEAD refs/foo
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index d16e5d3..321c3e5 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -126,4 +126,16 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+for configsection in transfer uploadpack
+do
+	test_expect_success "Hide some refs with $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_config $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs &&
+		git ls-remote . |
+		sed -e "/	refs\/tags\//d" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b5417cc..99c32d7 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+test_description='Basic fetch/push functionality.
+
+This test checks the following functionality:
+
+* command-line syntax
+* refspecs
+* fast-forward detection, and overriding it
+* configuration
+* hooks
+* --porcelain output format
+* hiderefs
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 D=`pwd`
 
 mk_empty () {
-	rm -fr testrepo &&
-	mkdir testrepo &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	rm -fr "$repo_name" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_name" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		git init &&
 		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
@@ -18,32 +30,33 @@
 }
 
 mk_test () {
-	mk_empty &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
+	mk_empty "$repo_name" &&
 	(
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
-				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git push "$repo_name" $the_first_commit:refs/$ref ||
+			exit
 		done &&
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			echo "$the_first_commit" >expect &&
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
 }
 
 mk_test_with_hooks() {
+	repo_name=$1
 	mk_test "$@" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		mkdir .git/hooks &&
 		cd .git/hooks &&
 
@@ -75,22 +88,23 @@
 }
 
 mk_child() {
-	rm -rf "$1" &&
-	git clone testrepo "$1"
+	rm -rf "$2" &&
+	git clone "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 check_push_result () {
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
-		it="$1" &&
-		shift
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
+		echo "$1" >expect &&
+		shift &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
@@ -113,35 +127,33 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git config remote.up.url .. &&
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -150,15 +162,14 @@
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -167,321 +178,310 @@
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
-	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
-	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
-	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	test_config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" testrepo/ &&
+	test_config "url.trash3/.pusnInsteadOf" trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.pushurl "testrepo/" &&
 	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
-	git push --force testrepo &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git push --force testrepo : &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	git push testrepo +: &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/t/master &&
 	git branch -f t/master master &&
 	git push testrepo master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/t/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
-	if git push testrepo master:frotz
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
-	fi
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master:frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
-	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+	git push -f testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
 	then
 		git tag -d frotz
 	fi &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push head with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo master:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git tag -f v1.0 &&
 	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/tag
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout -b local master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D local &&
 	git checkout -b local &&
 	git push testrepo master local &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# Without force rewinding should fail
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# With force rewinding should succeed
 	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/local &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/local &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
 	(
@@ -489,46 +489,68 @@
 		git checkout local &&
 		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
 	) &&
-	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
-	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
-	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	test_config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	test_config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote there &&
 	git push &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-git config --remove-section branch.master
+test_expect_success 'push with remote.pushdefault' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
-	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
-	git push there &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	test_config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	test_config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
+test_expect_success 'push with config branch.*.pushremote' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test side_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault side_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result side_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
 	) &&
-	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+	git push --dry-run testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $old_commit heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git pull .. master &&
@@ -541,9 +563,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
 	(
 		cd child2 &&
@@ -557,8 +579,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git push &&
@@ -569,8 +591,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
 	echo "#!/no/frobnication/today" >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
 	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
@@ -586,7 +608,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
@@ -594,7 +616,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -630,7 +652,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(
@@ -659,7 +681,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	git push testrepo master :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
@@ -691,7 +713,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo/.git &&
@@ -711,7 +733,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks with correct input' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -757,14 +779,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
 	git push testrepo --delete master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo --tags &&
 	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
@@ -773,17 +795,17 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -794,7 +816,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -804,7 +826,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -816,7 +838,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -827,63 +849,63 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch1 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/heads/branch1" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch2 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch2" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch3" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -903,9 +925,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -929,29 +951,50 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push requires --force to update lightweight tag' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
+	(
+		cd child1 &&
+		git tag Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "file1" &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag HEAD~ &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo >.git/foo  "To testrepo" &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "*	refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master	[new branch]"  &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "Done" &&
 	git push >.git/bar --porcelain  testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain bad url' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push >.git/bar --porcelain asdfasdfasd refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	test_must_fail grep -q Done .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master^
@@ -965,7 +1008,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master
@@ -980,19 +1023,170 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune' '
-	mk_test heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
-	git push --prune testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune refspec' '
-	mk_test tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
+	mk_test testrepo tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
 	git push --prune testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*" &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tmp/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tmp/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer receive
+do
+	test_expect_success "push to update a ref hidden by $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one hidden/two hidden/three &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config $configsection.hiderefs refs/hidden
+		) &&
+
+		# push to unhidden ref succeeds normally
+		git push testrepo master:refs/heads/master &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+
+		# push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/one &&
+
+		# push to delete a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo :refs/hidden/two &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/two &&
+
+		# idempotent push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/hidden/three &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/three
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch exact SHA1' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one &&
+	git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden
+	) &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit hidden/one &&
+
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
+	(
+		cd child &&
+
+		# make sure $the_commit does not exist here
+		git repack -a -d &&
+		git prune &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $the_commit &&
+
+		# fetching the hidden object should fail by default
+		test_must_fail git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+
+		# the server side can allow it to succeed
+		(
+			cd ../testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+		) &&
+
+		git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		result=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy) &&
+		test "$the_commit" = "$result"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch follows tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git for-each-ref >tmp1 &&
+		(
+			cat tmp1
+			sed -n "s|refs/heads/master$|refs/remotes/origin/master|p" tmp1
+		) |
+		sort -k 3 >../expect
+	) &&
+	git init dst &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git remote add origin ../src &&
+		git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not follow tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >../expect &&
+		git push ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --follow-tag only pushes relevant tags' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master refs/tags/tag >../expect
+		git push --follow-tag ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --no-thin must produce non-thin pack' '
+	cat >>path1 <<\EOF &&
+keep base version of path1 big enough, compared to the new changes
+later, in order to pass size heuristics in
+builtin/pack-objects.c:try_delta()
+EOF
+	git commit -am initial &&
+	git init no-thin &&
+	git --git-dir=no-thin/.git config receive.unpacklimit 0 &&
+	git push no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo &&
+	echo modified >> path1 &&
+	git commit -am modified &&
+	git repack -adf &&
+	rcvpck="git receive-pack --reject-thin-pack-for-testing" &&
+	git push --no-thin --receive-pack="$rcvpck" no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
index e2ad260..12a5dfb 100755
--- a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 		git branch keep master &&
 		git push --mirror up &&
 		git branch -D keep &&
-		git push up
+		git push up :
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd mirror &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index c00c9b0..11fcd37 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more >file &&
 		git commit -a -m second &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
 		echo more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m third &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	) &&
 
 	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more alice >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fourth &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 		cd bob-work &&
 		echo yet more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fifth &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
 		echo more and more alice >>file &&
 		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
 		echo even more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m seventh &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 35304b4..227d293 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,35 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-colliding &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-colliding &&
+		echo "alternate content" >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master &&
+		echo "alternate content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		git cat-file blob :file >file.index &&
+		test_cmp expect file.index
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not remove new staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-new &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-new &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >newfile &&
+		git add newfile &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile &&
+		git cat-file blob :newfile >newfile.index &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile.index
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
 
 	git branch copy master &&
@@ -96,8 +125,7 @@
 '
 test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -105,8 +133,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -114,15 +141,102 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase should override pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) != $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
 '
 
+# add a feature branch, keep-merge, that is merged into master, so the
+# test can try preserving the merge commit (or not) with various
+# --rebase flags/pull.rebase settings.
+test_expect_success 'preserve merge setup' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git checkout -b keep-merge second^ &&
+	test_commit file3 &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	git merge keep-merge &&
+	git tag before-preserve-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase false &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=true flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=1 is treated as true and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase 1 &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase invalid &&
+	! git pull . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=false . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=true rebases and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase=true . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=preserve . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	! git pull --rebase=invalid . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase overrides pull.rebase=preserve and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
 
 	git remote add -f me . &&
@@ -171,9 +285,9 @@
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
 	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
 	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	echo dirty >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 1b06691..453aba5 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -15,8 +15,19 @@
 	mkdir clonedq &&
 	(cd clonedq && git init &&
 	git pull -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedqrb &&
+	(cd clonedqrb && git init &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull' '
@@ -24,7 +35,15 @@
 	(cd cloned && git init &&
 	git pull "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedrb &&
+	(cd clonedrb && git init &&
+	git pull --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
@@ -32,22 +51,30 @@
 	(cd clonedv && git init &&
 	git pull -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedvrb &&
+	(cd clonedvrb && git init &&
+	git pull -v --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
 	mkdir clonedvq &&
 	(cd clonedvq && git init &&
 	git pull -v -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
-	test ! -s err)
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_must_be_empty err)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -q -v' '
 	mkdir clonedqv &&
 	(cd clonedqv && git init &&
 	git pull -q -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
 	test -s err)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5528-push-default.sh b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
index 4736da8..6a5ac3a 100755
--- a/t/t5528-push-default.sh
+++ b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,19 @@
 
 # $1 = local revision
 # $2 = remote revision (tested to be equal to the local one)
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
 check_pushed_commit () {
 	git log -1 --format='%h %s' "$1" >expect &&
-	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
+	git --git-dir="${3:-repo1}" log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 # $1 = push.default value
 # $2 = expected target branch for the push
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
 test_push_success () {
 	git -c push.default="$1" push &&
-	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2"
+	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2" "$3"
 }
 
 # $1 = push.default value
@@ -37,6 +39,26 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+test_pushdefault_workflow () {
+	workflow=central
+	pushdefault=parent1
+	if test -n "${4-}"; then
+		workflow=triangular
+		pushdefault=parent2
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "push.default = $2 $1 in $workflow workflows" "
+		test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+		test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+		test_config remote.pushdefault $pushdefault &&
+		test_commit commit-for-$2${4+-triangular} &&
+		test_push_$1 $2 $3 ${4+repo2}
+	"
+}
+
 test_expect_success '"upstream" pushes to configured upstream' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
@@ -48,7 +70,6 @@
 test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured remote' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_unconfig branch.master.remote &&
-	test_config push.default upstream &&
 	test_commit three &&
 	test_push_failure upstream
 '
@@ -57,7 +78,6 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
 	test_unconfig branch.master.merge &&
-	test_config push.default upstream
 	test_commit four &&
 	test_push_failure upstream
 '
@@ -115,4 +135,41 @@
 	test_cmp expect-other-name actual-other-name
 '
 
+# We are on 'master', which integrates with 'foo' from parent1
+# remote (set in test_pushdefault_workflow helper).  Push to
+# parent1 in centralized, and push to parent2 in triangular workflow.
+# The parent1 repository has 'master' and 'foo' branches, while
+# the parent2 repository has only 'master' branch.
+#
+# test_pushdefault_workflow() arguments:
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+
+# update parent1's master (which is not our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master
+
+# update parent1's foo (which is our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success upstream foo
+
+# upsream is foo which is not the name of the current branch
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure simple master
+
+# master and foo are updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master
+
+# master is updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master triangular
+
+# upstream mode cannot be used in triangular
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure upstream foo triangular
+
+# in triangular, 'simple' works as 'current' and update the branch
+# with the same name.
+test_pushdefault_workflow success simple master triangular
+
+# master is updated (parent2 does not have foo)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master triangular
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index c983d36..3932e79 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -54,9 +54,6 @@
 	printf "0032want %s\n0034shallow %s00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) $(git rev-parse HEAD^) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	# pack-objects survived
-	grep "Total.*, reused" output.err &&
-	# but there was an error, which must have been in rev-list
 	grep "bad tree object" output.err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 1947c28..8c16e04 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 		(
 			cd gar/bage &&
 			git init &&
+			git config push.default matching &&
 			>junk &&
 			git add junk &&
 			git commit -m "Initial junk"
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ba20d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='compare & swap push force/delete safety'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_srcdst_basic () {
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git clone --no-local . src &&
+	git clone --no-local src dst &&
+	(
+		cd src && git checkout HEAD^0
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	: create template repository
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	test_commit C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote . refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master origin master &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed even though no-ff)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	)
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	)
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master |
+	sed -e "s/master/naster/" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/naster >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8ed58d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='avoiding conflicting update thru symref aliasing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git clone . src &&
+	git clone src dst1 &&
+	git clone src dst2 &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	( cd src && git pull )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push' '
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git push ../dst1 "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst1 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst1 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch' '
+	(
+		cd dst2 &&
+		git fetch ../src "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst2 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst2 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
index 4b4b4a6..470ac54 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 '
 
 test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
-	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master
+	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master 		success
 
 test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
 	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
@@ -181,8 +181,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit commit path3 &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	git config http.postbuffer 4 &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset http.postbuffer" &&
+	test_config http.postbuffer 4 &&
 	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
 	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
 	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
@@ -295,5 +294,35 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'create repo without http.receivepack set' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git init half-auth &&
+	(
+		cd half-auth &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare half-auth "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone via half-auth-complete does not need password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL"/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git \
+		half-auth-clone &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into half-auth-complete requires password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/half-auth-clone" &&
+	echo two >expect &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git" &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 stop_httpd
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
index 80d20c8..f7d0f14 100755
--- a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content1 >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
index 5060879..afb439e 100755
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 start_httpd
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -112,6 +113,10 @@
 	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'redirects re-root further requests' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-limited/repo.git repo-redir-limited
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone from password-protected repository' '
 	echo two >expect &&
 	set_askpass user@host &&
@@ -130,6 +135,28 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-objects repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-fetch/smart/repo.git" half-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op half-auth fetch does not require a password' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth fetch &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirects send auth to new location' '
+	set_askpass user@host &&
+	git -c credential.useHttpPath=true \
+	  clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-auth/repo.git repo-redir-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host auth/smart/repo.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'disable dumb http on server' '
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
 		config http.getanyfile false
@@ -142,6 +169,51 @@
 	 test_must_fail git fetch)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual
+	grep "not valid:" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
+	test_commit namespaced &&
+	git push public HEAD:refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		symbolic-ref refs/namespaces/ns/HEAD refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'smart clone respects namespace' '
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-smart &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-smart/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb clone via http-backend respects namespace' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile true &&
+	GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 git clone \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-dumb &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-dumb/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >cookies.txt <<EOF
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+EOF
+cat >expect_cookies.txt <<EOF
+
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/repo.git/info/	FALSE	0	name	value
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'cookies stored in http.cookiefile when http.savecookies set' '
+	git config http.cookiefile cookies.txt &&
+	git config http.savecookies true &&
+	git ls-remote $HTTPD_URL/smart_cookies/repo.git master &&
+	tail -3 cookies.txt > cookies_tail.txt
+	test_cmp expect_cookies.txt cookies_tail.txt
+'
+
 test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'create 50,000 tags in the repo' '
@@ -163,14 +235,18 @@
 	done | git fast-import --export-marks=marks &&
 
 	# now assign tags to all the dangling commits we created above
-	tag=$("$PERL_PATH" -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
-	sed -e "s/^:\(.\+\) \(.\+\)$/\2 refs\/tags\/$tag-\1/" <marks >>packed-refs
+	tag=$(perl -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
+	sed -e "s|^:\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$|\2 refs/tags/$tag-\1|" <marks >>packed-refs
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'clone the 50,000 tag repo to check OS command line overflow' '
 	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git too-many-refs 2>err &&
-	test_line_count = 0 err
+	test_line_count = 0 err &&
+	(
+		cd too-many-refs &&
+		test $(git for-each-ref refs/tags | wc -l) = 50000
+	)
 '
 
 stop_httpd
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
index ef98d95..9be9ae3 100755
--- a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
 
 run_backend() {
 	echo "$2" |
diff --git a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
index a3a4e47..e061468 100755
--- a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
+++ b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 start_git_daemon
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
 	test_cmp file clone/file
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'remote detects correct HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'remote detects correct HEAD' '
 	git push public master:other &&
 	(cd clone &&
 	 git remote set-head -d origin &&
@@ -121,8 +122,7 @@
 	fi
 
 	test_must_fail git "$cmd" "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/$repo" "$@" 2>output &&
-	echo "fatal: remote error: $msg: /$repo" >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: $msg: /$repo" output &&
 	ret=$?
 	chmod +x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git"
 	(exit $ret)
diff --git a/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f9916a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check pre-push hooks'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-push"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config push.default upstream &&
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD:foreign
+'
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+COMMIT1="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT1
+
+test_expect_success 'push with failing hook' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify bypasses hook' '
+	git push --no-verify parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+COMMIT2="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT2
+
+write_script "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+echo "$1" >actual
+echo "$2" >>actual
+cat >>actual
+EOF
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/master $COMMIT2 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with hook' '
+	git push parent1 master:foreign &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a branch' '
+	git checkout -b other parent1/foreign &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+COMMIT3="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT3
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/other $COMMIT3 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to default' '
+	git push &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/tags/one $COMMIT1 refs/tags/tag1 $_z40
+HEAD~ $COMMIT2 refs/heads/prev $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push non-branches' '
+	git push parent1 one:tag1 HEAD~:refs/heads/prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+(delete) $_z40 refs/heads/prev $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete' '
+	git push parent1 :prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+repo1
+repo1
+HEAD $COMMIT3 refs/heads/other $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to URL' '
+	git push repo1 HEAD &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+# Test that filling pipe buffers doesn't cause failure
+# Too slow to leave enabled for general use
+if false
+then
+	printf 'parent1\nrepo1\n' >expected
+	nr=1000
+	while test $nr -lt 2000
+	do
+		nr=$(( $nr + 1 ))
+		git branch b/$nr $COMMIT3
+		echo "refs/heads/b/$nr $COMMIT3 refs/heads/b/$nr $_z40" >>expected
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success 'push many refs' '
+		git push parent1 "refs/heads/b/*:refs/heads/b/*" &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+fi
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
index ee06d28..4435693 100755
--- a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'successful clone must leave the directory' \
-    'cd bar'
+    'test -d bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed clone --separate-git-dir should not leave any directories' '
+	mkdir foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects/* foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir gitdir foo worktree &&
+	test_must_fail test -e gitdir &&
+	test_must_fail test -e worktree &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects.bak/* foo/.git/objects/ &&
+	rmdir foo/.git/objects.bak
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 67869b4..62fbd7e 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'output from clone' '
 	rm -fr dst &&
-	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output &&
+	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output 2>&1 &&
 	test $(grep Clon output | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
@@ -280,4 +280,154 @@
 	test_cmp fetch.expected fetch.actual
 '
 
+setup_ssh_wrapper () {
+	test_expect_success 'setup ssh wrapper' '
+		write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-output" "ssh: $*" &&
+		# throw away all but the last argument, which should be the
+		# command
+		while test $# -gt 1; do shift; done
+		eval "$1"
+		EOF
+		GIT_SSH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/ssh-output
+	'
+}
+
+expect_ssh () {
+	test_when_finished '
+		(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && rm -f ssh-expect && >ssh-output)
+	' &&
+	{
+		case "$1" in
+		none)
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "ssh: $1 git-upload-pack '$2'"
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-expect" &&
+	(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && test_cmp ssh-expect ssh-output)
+}
+
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'clone myhost:src uses ssh' '
+	git clone myhost:src ssh-clone &&
+	expect_ssh myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW,NOT_CYGWIN 'clone local path foo:bar' '
+	cp -R src "foo:bar" &&
+	git clone "foo:bar" foobar &&
+	expect_ssh none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracketed hostnames are still ssh' '
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone &&
+	expect_ssh myhost:123 src
+'
+
+counter=0
+# $1 url
+# $2 none|host
+# $3 path
+test_clone_url () {
+	counter=$(($counter + 1))
+	test_might_fail git clone "$1" tmp$counter &&
+	expect_ssh "$2" "$3"
+}
+
+test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'clone c:temp is ssl' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp c temp
+'
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'clone c:temp is dos drive' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp none
+'
+
+#ip v4
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone host:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url host:$repo host $repo
+	'
+done
+
+#ipv6
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone [::1]:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url [::1]:$repo ::1 $repo
+	'
+done
+#home directory
+test_expect_success "clone host:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url host:/~repo host "~repo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "clone [::1]:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url [::1]:/~repo ::1 "~repo"
+'
+
+# Corner cases
+for url in foo/bar:baz [foo]bar/baz:qux [foo/bar]:baz
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone $url is not ssh" '
+		test_clone_url $url none
+	'
+done
+
+#with ssh:// scheme
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz/home/user/repo" host.xz "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+# from home directory
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz/~repo" host.xz "~repo"
+'
+
+# with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+# from home directory with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/~repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "~repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://[::1]/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://[::1]/home/user/repo" "::1" "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6 from home directory
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://[::1]/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://[::1]/~repo" "::1" "~repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6 with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://[::1]:22/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://[::1]:22/home/user/repo" "-p 22 ::1" "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6 from home directory with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://[::1]:22/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://[::1]:22/~repo" "-p 22 ::1" "~repo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from a repository with two identical branches' '
+
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout -b another master
+	) &&
+	git clone src target-11 &&
+	test "z$( cd target-11 && git symbolic-ref HEAD )" = zrefs/heads/another
+
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
index c47d450..6537911 100755
--- a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
@@ -54,11 +54,14 @@
 
 rm -f "$U.D"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
-'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' '
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.D git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
-'! grep "^want" "$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' '
+	test -s "$U.D" &&
+	! grep " want" "$U.D"
+'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -173,12 +176,26 @@
 	(
 		cd K &&
 		git remote add J "file://$base_dir/J" &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch J 3>"$U.K"
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.K git fetch J
 	) &&
 	master_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads/master) &&
-	! grep "^want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
+	test -s "$U.K" &&
+	! grep " want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
 	tag_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/tags/HEAD) &&
-	! grep "^want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+	! grep " want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo with gitfile as a reference' '
+	git clone --separate-git-dir=L A M &&
+	git clone --reference=M A N &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/N/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo pointed at by gitfile as reference' '
+	git clone --reference=M/.git A O &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/O/.git/objects/info/alternates"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
index 7ff6e0e..c490368 100755
--- a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
+++ b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
@@ -134,4 +134,8 @@
 	! repo_is_hardlinked force-nonlocal
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cloning locally respects "-u" for fetching refs' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --bare -u false a should_not_work.git
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
index 02cb024..9e24ec8 100755
--- a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
@@ -19,17 +19,19 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone' '
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone does not show progress' '
 
 	git clone "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err
+	! grep % err &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Checking connectivity" err
 
 '
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v' '
+
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v does show progress' '
 
 	git clone --progress "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected-progress \
 		>out 2>err &&
-	test -s err
+	grep % err
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
index 9e43731..a45c316 100755
--- a/t/t5704-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
@@ -58,4 +58,14 @@
 	grep "^-[0-9a-f]\\{40\\} " boundary
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prerequisites with an empty commit message' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	test_commit file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
index 56be67e..6e7a7be 100755
--- a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 	 echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
 	 git checkout -b two &&
 	 echo two >file && git add file && git commit -m two &&
-	 git checkout master)
+	 git checkout master) &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	(cd empty && git init)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'vanilla clone chooses HEAD' '
@@ -61,4 +63,8 @@
 	test_must_fail git clone -b bogus parent clone-bogus
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone -b not allowed with empty repos' '
+	test_must_fail git clone -b branch empty clone-branch-empty
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
index aa04529..5a6e49d 100755
--- a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
+++ b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 git clone -l -s D E &&
 git clone -l -s E F &&
 git clone -l -s F G &&
-git clone -l -s G H'
+git clone --bare -l -s G H'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
 'cd H && {
diff --git a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e7dc668..0000000
--- a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
-#
-
-test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON ; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python not available'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-"$PYTHON_PATH" -c '
-import sys
-if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
-    sys.exit(1)
-' || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python version < 2.4'
-	test_done
-}
-
-compare_refs() {
-	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
-	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	git init --bare server/.git &&
-	git clone server public &&
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >file &&
-	 git add file &&
-	 git commit -m one &&
-	 git push origin master)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from remote repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m two &&
-	 git push)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
-	(cd localclone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from remote remote' '
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-# Generally, skip this test.  It demonstrates a now-fixed race in
-# git-remote-testgit, but is too slow to leave in for general use.
-: test_expect_success 'racily pushing to local repo' '
-	test_when_finished "rm -rf server2 localclone2" &&
-	cp -R server server2 &&
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server2" localclone2 &&
-	(cd localclone2 &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SLEEPY=2 git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone2 HEAD server2 HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'synch with changes from localclone' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git pull)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing remote local repo' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m four &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 git checkout -b new &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m five &&
-	 git push origin new
-	) &&
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch origin new
-	) &&
-	compare_refs public HEAD localclone FETCH_HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch
-	) &&
-	compare_refs server master localclone refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-	compare_refs server new localclone refs/remotes/origin/new
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m six &&
-	 git push
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone master server master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m seven &&
-	 git push origin new-name
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..613f69a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+compare_refs() {
+	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git init server &&
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
+	(cd local && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git reset --hard &&
+	 git checkout -b new &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m five
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch origin new
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server master local refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	compare_refs server new local refs/remotes/origin/new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m six &&
+	 git push
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local master server master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m seven &&
+	 git push origin new-name
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing without refspecs' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m ten &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC &&
+	test_must_fail git push 2>../error) &&
+	grep "remote-helper doesn.t support push; refspec needed" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without marks' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without marks' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m twelve &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push all with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup2 master &&
+	git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup2 server dup2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup master &&
+	git push origin dup
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup server dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	git push origin signed-tag
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag^{} server signed-tag^{} &&
+	test_must_fail compare_refs local signed-tag server signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag with signed-tags capability' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag-2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS=1 git push origin signed-tag-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag-2 server signed-tag-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b update master &&
+	echo update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify remotes/origin/update >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs disabled by no-private-update' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo more-update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more-update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE=t git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs failure' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout update &&
+	echo "update fail" >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "update fail" &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR="non-fast forward" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	cd local &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch 2> error &&
+	cat error &&
+	grep -q "Error while running fast-import" error
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
+	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
+	cd local &&
+	test_must_fail git push --all
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push messages' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b new_branch master &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch 2> msg &&
+	! grep "\[new branch\]" msg
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..878faf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ext::cmd remote "connect" helper'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m third &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip three" three &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success clone '
+	cmd=$(echo "echo >&2 ext::sh invoked && %S .." | sed -e "s/ /% /g") &&
+	git clone "ext::sh -c %S% ." dst &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "ext::sh -c $cmd" &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/
+	) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update following tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fifth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip five" five &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m sixth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip two" two three^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag without primary transfer' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip one " one two^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
index fb07536..43ad772 100755
--- a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
+++ b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
@@ -39,25 +39,25 @@
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
 git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 
 
@@ -90,29 +90,29 @@
 #     F
 
 
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
 
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
 
 test_sequence()
 {
diff --git a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
index e4c52b0..24d1836 100755
--- a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
+++ b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
@@ -16,39 +16,34 @@
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
+on_dates "00:00" "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_dates "00:01" "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_dates "00:02" "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_dates "00:03" "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_dates "00:04" "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_dates "00:05" "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:06" "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:07" "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:08" "00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:09" "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
+on_dates "00:10" "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_dates "00:11" "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_dates "00:12" "00:00" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_dates "00:13" "00:01" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_dates "00:14" "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_dates "00:15" "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:16" "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_dates "00:17" "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_dates "00:18" "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_dates "00:19" "00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:20" "00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
+on_dates "00:21" "00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
+on_dates "00:22" "00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
+on_dates "00:23" "00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
+on_dates "00:24" "00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
+on_dates "00:25" "00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
 
 
-#
-# note: as of 20/6, it isn't possible to create duplicate parents, so this
-# can't be tested.
-#
-#on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m3 unique_commit m3 tree -p c3 -p a4 -p c3
 hide_error save_tag e1 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree
 save_tag e2 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e2 tree -p e1
 save_tag f1 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f1 tree -p e1
@@ -105,6 +100,50 @@
 root
 EOF
 
+test_output_expect_success 'simple date order' 'git rev-list --date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple author-date order' 'git rev-list --author-date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a3
+a2
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
 test_output_expect_success 'two diamonds topo order (g6)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  g4' <<EOF
 g4
 h2
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index f94f0c4..9874403 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -1,67 +1,105 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
+
 test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_tick
+# String "added" in German
+# (translated with Google Translate),
+# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+added=$(printf "added (hinzugef\303\274gt) foo")
+added_iso88591=$(echo "$added" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1)
+# same but "changed"
+changed=$(printf "changed (ge\303\244ndert) foo")
+changed_iso88591=$(echo "$changed" | iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1)
+
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-touch foo && git add foo && git commit -m "added foo" &&
-  echo changed >foo && git commit -a -m "changed foo"
+	: >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding iso8859-1 &&
+	git commit -m "$added_iso88591" &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head1) &&
+	tree1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree1) &&
+	echo "$changed" > foo &&
+	git commit -a -m "$changed_iso88591" &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head2) &&
+	tree2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree2)
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
-# usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
-test_format() {
+# usage: test_format name format_string [failure] <expected_output
+test_format () {
 	cat >expect.$1
-	test_expect_success "format $1" "
-git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
-test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
-"
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "format $1" "
+		git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+		test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+	"
 }
 
-test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+# Feed to --format to provide predictable colored sequences.
+AUTO_COLOR='%C(auto,red)foo%C(auto,reset)'
+has_color () {
+	printf '\033[31mfoo\033[m\n' >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+has_no_color () {
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+test_format percent %%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
 %h
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 %h
 EOF
 
-test_format hash %H%n%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
+test_format hash %H%n%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head2
+$head2_short
+commit $head1
+$head1
+$head1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format tree %T%n%t <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-fe722612f26da5064c32ca3843aa154bdb0b08a0
-fe72261
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-4d5fcadc293a348e88f777dc0920f11e7d71441c
-4d5fcad
+test_format tree %T%n%t <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$tree2
+$tree2_short
+commit $head1
+$tree1
+$tree1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format parents %P%n%p <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format parents %P%n%p <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head1
+$head1_short
+commit $head1
 
 
 EOF
 
 # we don't test relative here
-test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<EOF
+commit $head2
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -69,14 +107,14 @@
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<EOF
+commit $head2
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -84,86 +122,155 @@
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head2
+iso8859-1
+commit $head1
+iso8859-1
 EOF
 
-test_format subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+test_format subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
 EOF
 
-test_format body %b <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format body %b <<EOF
+commit $head2
+commit $head1
 EOF
 
-test_format raw-body %B <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
+test_format raw-body %B <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
 
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head1
+$added
 
 EOF
 
-test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foobarbazxyzzy
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foobarbazxyzzy
 EOF
 
-test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foo
 EOF
 
-cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
-Test printing of complex bodies
-
-This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
-git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
-  echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) does not enable color by default' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
 '
 
-test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-iso8859-1
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-EOF
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.diff' '
+	git -c color.diff=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
 
-test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.ui' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --no-color >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		test_terminal \
+			git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_no_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1 > commit-msg <<EOF
 Test printing of complex bodies
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
-EOF
 
-test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
 and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
 include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
-
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
+	git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
+	echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head3_short=$(git rev-parse --short $head3)
+'
+
+test_format complex-encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head3
+iso8859-1
+commit $head2
+iso8859-1
+commit $head1
+iso8859-1
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+$changed_iso88591
+commit $head1
+$added_iso88591
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare expected messages (for test %b)' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expected.utf-8 &&
+	commit $head3
+	This commit message is much longer than the others,
+	and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
+	include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+
+	commit $head2
+	commit $head1
+	EOF
+	iconv -f utf-8 -t iso8859-1 expected.utf-8 >expected.iso8859-1
+'
+
+test_format complex-body %b <expected.iso8859-1
+
+# Git uses i18n.commitEncoding if no i18n.logOutputEncoding set
+# so unset i18n.commitEncoding to test encoding conversion
+git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-body-commitencoding-unset %b <expected.utf-8
+
 test_expect_success '%x00 shows NUL' '
-	echo  >expect commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea &&
+	echo  >expect commit $head3 &&
 	echo >>expect fooQbar &&
 	git rev-list -1 --format=foo%x00bar HEAD >actual.nul &&
 	nul_to_q <actual.nul >actual &&
@@ -210,12 +317,12 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% bThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 2
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% sThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 4
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 6
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--abbrev' '
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index 3050740..66cda17 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -133,4 +133,17 @@
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=13" &&
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=4 --max-parents=11" tetrapus
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'ancestors with the same commit time' '
+
+	test_tick_keep=$test_tick &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
+		test_tick=$test_tick_keep
+		test_commit t$i
+	done &&
+	git rev-list t1^! --not t$i >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
index bbb0581..e51eb41 100755
--- a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt second commit object' \
    '
-   "$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -pe "s/second commit/socond commit/" .git/objects/pack/*.pack &&
+   perl -i.bak -pe "s/second commit/socond commit/" .git/objects/pack/*.pack &&
    test_must_fail git fsck --full
    '
 
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index 839ad97..fde5e71 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -14,21 +14,24 @@
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Hi there" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file" &&
+	echo "initial" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file and lost" &&
 	note A &&
 
 	git branch other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file" &&
+	echo "second" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
 	note B &&
 
 	git checkout other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
+	>lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified the file identically" &&
 	note C &&
 
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Add another file" &&
 	note D &&
 
-	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	>lost && git commit -a -m "merge" &&
 	note E &&
 
 	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
@@ -56,19 +61,37 @@
 
 	echo "Final change" >file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
-	note I
+	note I &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
+	note K &&
+
+	echo "Immaterial" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Last" &&
+	note L
 '
 
 FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
 
-check_result () {
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
 	for c in $1
 	do
 		echo "$c"
 	done >expect &&
 	shift &&
 	param="$*" &&
-	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
 		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
 		unnote >actual &&
 		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
@@ -79,13 +102,35 @@
 	'
 }
 
-check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
 check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
 check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
 
+check_result 'E C B A' --full-history E -- lost
+test_expect_success 'full history simplification without parent' '
+	printf "%s\n" E C B A >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="$FMT" --full-history E -- lost |
+	unnote >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
+	test_cmp expect check || {
+		cat actual
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--full-diff is not affected by --parents' '
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff -- file >expected &&
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff --parents -- file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
index 892a537..59fc2f0 100755
--- a/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--reverse --parents --full-history combines correctly' '
 	git rev-list --parents --full-history master -- foo |
-		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
 	git rev-list --reverse --parents --full-history master -- foo \
 		> actual &&
 	test_cmp actual expected
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--boundary does too' '
 	git rev-list --boundary --parents --full-history master ^root -- foo |
-		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
 	git rev-list --boundary --reverse --parents --full-history \
 		master ^root -- foo > actual &&
 	test_cmp actual expected
diff --git a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
index 39b4cb0..dabebae 100755
--- a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
+++ b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@
 #
 #  D..M -- M.t                 == M
 #  --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t == M
+#
+#  F...I                 == F G H I
+#  --ancestry-path F...I == F H I
+#
+#  G..M -- G.t                 == [nothing - was dropped in "-s ours" merge L]
+#  --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t == L
+#  --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t == G L
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -63,13 +70,52 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-patch D..M -- M.t' '
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t' '
 	echo M >expect &&
 	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s D..M -- M.t |
 	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list F...I' '
+	for c in F G H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path F...I' '
+	for c in F H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# G.t is dropped in an "-s ours" merge
+test_expect_success 'rev-list G..M -- G.t' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t' '
+	echo L >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t' '
+	for c in G L; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges --format=%s G^..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 #   b---bc
 #  / \ /
 # a   X
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
index 331b9b0..d15b313 100755
--- a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
+++ b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
 #
 
-# See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
+# See http://marc.info/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
 # nice description of what this is about.
 
 
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index c680f78..a89dfbe 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >sub/file &&
 	echo foo >dir/file-in-the-way &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	echo 11 >>sub/file &&
 	echo more >>dir/file-in-the-way &&
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
 	mkdir one &&
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv one/file destdir &&
 	git commit -m "Renamed to destdir" &&
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	echo other >two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv two/file one &&
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
 
 	echo stuff >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	mkdir two &&
 	>two/file &&
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
 	mkdir one two &&
 	touch one/file two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv original one &&
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
 
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv original rename &&
 	echo 11 >>rename &&
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
 	mkdir df &&
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >df/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv df/file temp &&
 	rm -rf df &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 72e28ee..064f5ce 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 	cp .git/BISECT_START saved &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
 	git branch > branch.output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch, bisect started on other)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
 	test_cmp saved .git/BISECT_START
 '
 test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
 # but $HASH2 is bad,
 # so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
-test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successful result' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
@@ -676,9 +676,7 @@
 check_same()
 {
 	echo "Checking $1 is the same as $2" &&
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expected.same &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > expected.actual &&
-	test_cmp expected.same expected.actual
+	test_cmp_rev "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect: --no-checkout - start commit bad' '
@@ -743,4 +741,42 @@
 	git bisect reset
 "
 
+cat > expected.bisect-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# good: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect good 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-log bisect-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+cat > expected.bisect-skip-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# skip: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect skip 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# only skipped commits left to test
+# possible first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# possible first bad commit: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: only skip commits left' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-skip-log bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
index 2599ae5..9324ea4 100755
--- a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 test_description='merging when a directory was replaced with a symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/c a/b-2/c &&
 	> a/b/c/d &&
 	> a/b-2/c/d &&
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 	git commit -m base &&
 	git tag start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s b-2 a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b-2 a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git checkout start^0
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
+test_expect_success 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	 git checkout start^0 &&
 	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge test' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d &&
 	echo x > a/x &&
@@ -50,39 +50,51 @@
 	git tag baseline
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -100,52 +112,61 @@
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout start^0 &&
 	rm -rf a/b-2 &&
-	ln -s b a/b-2 &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b a/b-2 &&
 	git commit -m "dir a/b-2 to symlink" &&
 	git tag test2
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b foo test2 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
index ec2b516..7ac8fd0 100755
--- a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -28,18 +28,25 @@
 		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 		git checkout -b b4 origin &&
 		advance e &&
-		advance f
+		advance f &&
+		git checkout -b brokenbase origin &&
+		git checkout -b b5 --track brokenbase &&
+		advance g &&
+		git branch -d brokenbase &&
+		git checkout -b b6 origin
 	) &&
 	git checkout -b follower --track master &&
-	advance g
+	advance h
 '
 
-script='s/^..\(b.\)[	 0-9a-f]*\[\([^]]*\)\].*/\1 \2/p'
+script='s/^..\(b.\) *[0-9a-f]* \(.*\)$/\1 \2/p'
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 behind 1
-b4 ahead 2
+b1 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [behind 1] b
+b4 [ahead 2] f
+b5 g
+b6 c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
@@ -52,10 +59,12 @@
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 origin/master: behind 1
-b4 origin/master: ahead 2
+b1 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [origin/master: behind 1] b
+b4 [origin/master: ahead 2] f
+b5 [brokenbase: gone] g
+b6 [origin/master] c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
@@ -67,7 +76,7 @@
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'checkout' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test && git checkout b1
 	) >actual &&
@@ -80,7 +89,22 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "is ahead of" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'status' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test && git checkout b6
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test &&
 		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
@@ -90,6 +114,65 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b1...origin/master [ahead 1, behind 1]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (diverged from upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b5...brokenbase [gone]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b6...origin/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'fail to track lightweight tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag light &&
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index 5c87f28..7d47984 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l)" &&
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)" &&
      aa=${HASH2%??????????????????????????????????????} &&
-     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l "$aa*")" &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace --list "$aa*")" &&
      test_must_fail git replace -d $R &&
-     test_must_fail git replace -d &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --delete &&
      test_must_fail git replace -l -d $HASH2 &&
      git replace -d $HASH2 &&
      git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
@@ -140,6 +140,17 @@
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git replace" resolves sha1' '
+     SHORTHASH2=$(git rev-parse --short=8 $HASH2) &&
+     git replace -d $SHORTHASH2 &&
+     git replace $SHORTHASH2 $R &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --force &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 # This creates a side branch where the bug in H2
 # does not appear because P2 is created by applying
 # H2 and squashing H5 into it.
@@ -252,4 +263,23 @@
 	test_cmp file.replaced file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'replaced and replacement objects must be of the same type' '
+	test_must_fail git replace mytag $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	BLOB=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-f option bypasses the type check' '
+	git replace -f mytag $HASH1 &&
+	git replace --force HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	git replace -f HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace ref cleanup' '
+	test -n "$(git replace)" &&
+	git replace -d $(git replace) &&
+	test -z "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
index e673c25..10b1452 100755
--- a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -6,39 +6,100 @@
 test_description='Test git rev-parse with different parent options'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t6000.sh # t6xxx specific functions
 
-date >path0
-git update-index --add path0
-save_tag tree git write-tree
-hide_error save_tag start unique_commit "start" tree
-save_tag second unique_commit "second" tree -p start
-hide_error save_tag start2 unique_commit "start2" tree
-save_tag two_parents unique_commit "next" tree -p second -p start2
-save_tag final unique_commit "final" tree -p two_parents
+test_cmp_rev_output () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	eval "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
 
-test_expect_success 'start is valid' 'git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"'
-test_expect_success 'start^0' "test $(cat .git/refs/tags/start) = $(git rev-parse start^0)"
-test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify start^1; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' "test $(git rev-parse second^1) = $(git rev-parse second^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse start) = $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1) = $(git rev-parse final^^^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2' "test $(git rev-parse start2) = $(git rev-parse final^1^2)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify final^1^3; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' 'test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1'
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' 'git rev-parse --verify start2^0'
-test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^@)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2)\""
-test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^\!)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2)\""
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit start &&
+	test_commit second &&
+	git checkout --orphan tmp &&
+	test_commit start2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -m next start2 &&
+	test_commit final &&
 
-test_expect_success 'repack for next test' 'git repack -a -d'
+	test_seq 40 |
+	while read i
+	do
+		git checkout --orphan "b$i" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "$i" &&
+		commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+		printf "$commit " >>.git/info/grafts
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start is valid' '
+	git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^0' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output tags/start "git rev-parse start^0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output second^ "git rev-parse second^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output final^^^ "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start2 "git rev-parse final^1^2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' '
+	test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify final^1^3
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' '
+	git rev-parse --verify start2^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^@ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^! >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'large graft octopus' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output b31 "git rev-parse --verify b1^30"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack for next test' '
+	git repack -a -d
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 works' '
-	start=`git rev-parse --verify start` &&
-	echo $start &&
-	abbrv=`echo $start | sed s/.\$//` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	abbrv=`git rev-parse --verify $abbrv` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	test $start = $abbrv'
+	start=$(git rev-parse --verify start) &&
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse ${start%?}"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88b84df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+#        ,---E--.   *H----------.             * marks !TREESAME parent paths
+#       /        \ /             \*
+# *A--*B---D--*F-*G---------K-*L-*M
+#   \     /*       \       /
+#    `-C-'          `-*I-*J
+#
+# A creates "file", B and F change it.
+# Odd merge G takes the old version from B.
+# I changes it, but J reverts it, so K is TREESAME to both parents.
+# H and L both change "file", and M merges those changes.
+
+test_description='TREESAME and limiting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+note () {
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+unnote () {
+	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$_x40 (tags/\([^)]*\))\([ 	]\)|\1\2|g"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit "Initial file" file "Hi there" A &&
+	git branch other-branch &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Hello" file "Hello" B &&
+	git branch third-branch &&
+
+	git checkout other-branch &&
+	test_commit "Added other" other "Hello" C &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_merge D other-branch &&
+
+	git checkout third-branch &&
+	test_commit "Third file" third "Nothing" E &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit "file=Blah" file "Blah" F &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge --no-commit third-branch &&
+	git checkout third-branch file &&
+	git commit &&
+	note G &&
+	git branch fiddler-branch &&
+
+	git checkout -b part2-branch &&
+	test_commit "file=Part 2" file "Part 2" H &&
+
+	git checkout fiddler-branch &&
+	test_commit "Bad commit" file "Silly" I &&
+
+	test_tick && git revert I && note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge --no-ff fiddler-branch &&
+	note K
+
+	test_commit "file=Part 1" file "Part 1" L &&
+
+	test_tick && test_must_fail git merge part2-branch &&
+	test_commit M file "Parts 1+2"
+'
+
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
+
+	case "$1" in
+	*"("*)
+		FMT="%P	%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="
+			s/^\([^	]*\)	\([^ ]*\) .*/(\1)\2/
+			s/ //g
+			s/()//
+		"
+		;;
+	*)
+		FMT="%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="s/^\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/"
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	printf "%s\n" $1 >expect &&
+	shift
+
+	param="$*" &&
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
+		git log --format="$FMT" $param |
+		unnote >actual &&
+		sed -e "$munge_actual" <actual >check &&
+		test_cmp expect check || {
+			cat actual
+			false
+		}
+	'
+}
+
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+# Odd merge G drops a change in F. Important that G is listed in all
+# except the most basic list. Achieving this means normal merge D will also be
+# shown in normal full-history, as we can't distinguish unless we do a
+# simplification pass. After simplification, D is dropped but G remains.
+# Also, merge simplification of G should not drop the parent B that the default
+# simple history follows.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G F E D C B A'
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G (D)F (B)E (BC)D (A)C (A)B A'
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E F D C B A' --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H B A' -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H (A)B A' --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G F D B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G (D)F (BA)D (A)B A' --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G (B)F (A)B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G F D B A' --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G F B A' --first-parent -- file
+
+# Check that odd merge G remains shown when F is the bottom.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G E' F..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E' F..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' F..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H' --parents F..M -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G' F..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G' F..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G' F..M --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G' F..M --first-parent -- file
+
+# Note that G is pruned when E is the bottom, even if it's the same commit list
+# If we want history since E, then we're quite happy to ignore G that took E.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' E..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' E..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (EJ)K (I)J (E)I (E)H' E..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (E)H (J)L (I)J (E)I' E..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# Should still be able to ignore I-J branch in simple log, despite limiting
+# to G.
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I' G..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' G..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)L (G)H' G..M --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --full-history -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# B..F should be able to simplify the merge D from irrelevant side branch C.
+# Default log should also be free to follow B-D, and ignore C.
+# But --full-history shouldn't drop D on its own - without simplification,
+# we can't decide if the merge from INTERESTING commit C was sensible.
+check_result 'F D C' B..F
+check_result 'F' B..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BA)D' B..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F' B..F --first-parent -- file
+
+# E...F should be equivalent to E F ^B, and be able to drop D as above.
+check_result 'F' E F ^B -- file # includes D
+check_result 'F' E...F -- file # includes D
+
+# Any sort of full history of C..F should show D, as it's the connection to C,
+# and it differs from it.
+check_result 'F D B' C..F
+check_result 'F B' C..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F (A)B' C..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F B' C..F --first-parent -- file
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6120-describe.sh b/t/t6120-describe.sh
index f67aa6f..c0e5b2a 100755
--- a/t/t6120-describe.sh
+++ b/t/t6120-describe.sh
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@
 check_describe B-0-* --long HEAD^^2^
 check_describe A-3-* --long HEAD^^2
 
+check_describe c-7-* --tags
+check_describe e-3-* --first-parent --tags
+
 : >err.expect
 check_describe A --all A^0
 test_expect_success 'no warning was displayed for A' '
@@ -171,4 +174,28 @@
 
 check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --long --tags --match="test2-*" HEAD^
 
+test_expect_success 'name-rev with exact tags' '
+	echo A >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --contains with the exact tags' '
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git describe --contains $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git describe --contains $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6583532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test globbing (and noglob) of pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit unrelated bar &&
+	test_commit vanilla foo &&
+	# insert file "f*" in the commit, but in a way that avoids
+	# the name "f*" in the worktree, because it is not allowed
+	# on Windows (the tests below do not depend on the presence
+	# of the file in the worktree)
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" "f*" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m star &&
+	test_commit bracket "f[o][o]"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla pathspec matches literally' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option disables :(literal)' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob environment variable works' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame takes global pathspec flags' '
+	git --literal-pathspecs blame -- foo &&
+	git --icase-pathspecs   blame -- foo &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs    blame -- foo &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs  blame -- foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup xxx/bar' '
+	mkdir xxx &&
+	test_commit xxx xxx/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob) and --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with --glob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with :(literal) and --glob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a7c7ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case insensitive pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case sensitive tests - case insensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit bar bar &&
+	test_commit bAr bAr &&
+	test_commit BAR BAR &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	test_commit foo/bar foo/bar &&
+	test_commit foo/bAr foo/bAr &&
+	test_commit foo/BAR foo/BAR &&
+	mkdir fOo &&
+	test_commit fOo/bar fOo/bar &&
+	test_commit fOo/bAr fOo/bAr &&
+	test_commit fOo/BAR fOo/BAR &&
+	mkdir FOO &&
+	test_commit FOO/bar FOO/bar &&
+	test_commit FOO/bAr FOO/bAr &&
+	test_commit FOO/BAR FOO/BAR
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches bar' '
+	echo bar >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- "bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	FOO/BAR
+	FOO/bAr
+	FOO/bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	foo/BAR
+	foo/bAr
+	foo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)../foo/bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git ls-files ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec_depth matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ../bar ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git diff" can take magic :(icase) pathspec' '
+	echo FOO/BAR >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD -- ":(icase)foo/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 992c2a0..54b5744 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@
 
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -180,6 +175,24 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	x Via Another Committer
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c core.commentchar="x" fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
 	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
@@ -248,14 +261,14 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.summary &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --log -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log-config &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log -m "Sync with left" \
@@ -290,29 +303,29 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual2 &&
 
-	git config merge.log yes &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual3 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -325,8 +338,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -335,8 +348,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -350,8 +363,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg with nothing to merge' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	>empty &&
 
@@ -376,8 +389,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -406,8 +419,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -436,8 +449,8 @@
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -464,6 +477,8 @@
 		echo "  ..."
 	} >expected &&
 
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . long &&
@@ -472,4 +487,43 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg with "merging" an annotated tag' '
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git tag -a -m "An annotated one" annote HEAD &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . annote &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	annote=$(git rev-parse annote) &&
+	git merge --no-commit $annote &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''$annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index 752f5cb..da5fb6c 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
 test_atom head numparent 0
 test_atom head object ''
 test_atom head type ''
+test_atom head '*objectname' ''
+test_atom head '*objecttype' ''
 test_atom head author 'A U Thor <author@example.com> 1151939924 +0200'
 test_atom head authorname 'A U Thor'
 test_atom head authoremail '<author@example.com>'
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@
 test_atom tag numparent ''
 test_atom tag object '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
 test_atom tag type 'commit'
+test_atom tag '*objectname' '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
+test_atom tag '*objecttype' 'commit'
 test_atom tag author ''
 test_atom tag authorname ''
 test_atom tag authoremail ''
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
index b1a6365..63194d8 100755
--- a/t/t6500-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@
 	git gc
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'gc does not leave behind pid file' '
+	git gc &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/gc.pid
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'gc --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git gc --nonsense 2>err &&
 	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index a845b15..3bfdfed 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -70,6 +70,35 @@
 rm -f idontexist untracked1 untracked2 \
      path0/idontexist path0/untracked1 path0/untracked2 \
      .git/index.lock
+rmdir path1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to absent target with trailing slash' \
+    'test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir// &&
+     git mv path0/ no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir no-such-dir'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing untracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path1 &&
+     git mv path0/ path1/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path1/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing tracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path2 &&
+     >path2/file && git add path2/file &&
+     git mv path1/path0/ path2/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path2/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'adding another file' \
@@ -218,13 +247,13 @@
 
 rm -f dirty dirty2
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv moved symlink &&
 	git mv -f moved symlink &&
 	! test -e moved &&
@@ -237,22 +266,180 @@
 
 rm -f moved symlink
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv symlink moved &&
 	git mv -f symlink moved &&
 	! test -e symlink &&
-	test -h moved &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check moved symlink' '
+
+	test -h moved
+'
+
 rm -f moved symlink
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "added sub and file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv cannot move a submodule in a file' '
+	test_must_fail git mv sub file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and no .gitmodules' '
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -a ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -a ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with gitfile' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	(
+		cd mod &&
+		git mv ../sub/ .
+	) &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	test_must_fail git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -e sub &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=sub" >expect.err &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod/sub &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git mv -n sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index 4d13e10..9496736 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,6 +64,20 @@
 	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter works with -d' '
+	git init drepo-tree &&
+	(
+		cd drepo-tree &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+			--tree-filter "echo changed >one.t" &&
+		echo changed >expect &&
+		git cat-file blob HEAD:one.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp one.t actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
 	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
 '
@@ -167,10 +181,11 @@
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B V Uips" git commit -m bvuips &&
 	git branch preserved-author &&
-	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	 git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
 			test \$GIT_COMMIT != $(git rev-parse master) || \
 			echo Hallo" \
-		preserved-author &&
+		preserved-author) &&
 	test 1 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" preserved-author | wc -l)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index f5a79b1..c8d6e9f 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@
 	tag_exists myhead
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--force can create a tag with the name of one existing' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag --force mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag'
+
+test_expect_success '--force is moot with a non-existing tag name' '
+	git tag newtag >expect &&
+	git tag --force forcetag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+git tag -d newtag forcetag
+
 # deleting tags:
 
 test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
diff --git a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
index 26f8319..b146406 100755
--- a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
@@ -145,4 +145,35 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >nul_to_q_textconv <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/\000/Q/' < "$1"
+EOF
+chmod +x nul_to_q_textconv
+
+test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
+	echo a diff=foo >.gitattributes &&
+	git config diff.foo.textconv "\"$(pwd)\""/nul_to_q_textconv
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv honors textconv' '
+	echo "a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --no-textconv does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep --no-textconv Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv blob honors textconv' '
+	echo "HEAD:a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile HEAD:a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a997f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='filter-branch removal of trees with null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: base commits' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: a commit with a bogus null sha1 in the tree' '
+	{
+		git ls-tree HEAD &&
+		printf "160000 commit $_z40\\tbroken\\n"
+	} >broken-tree
+	echo "add broken entry" >msg &&
+
+	tree=$(git mktree <broken-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree -p HEAD <msg) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit"
+'
+
+# we have to make one more commit on top removing the broken
+# entry, since otherwise our index does not match HEAD (and filter-branch will
+# complain). We could make the index match HEAD, but doing so would involve
+# writing a null sha1 into the index.
+test_expect_success 'setup: bring HEAD and index in sync' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "back to normal"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter commands are still checked' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch three.t"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removing the broken entry works' '
+	echo three >expect &&
+	git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch broken" &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
index 8f3b54d..88d60c1 100755
--- a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@
 	test_cmp expected 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_absent &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_dirty &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
index f4f38a5..7d467c0 100755
--- a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit A &&
 	test_commit B oneside added &&
 	git checkout A^0 &&
@@ -28,20 +29,19 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch side
-# You have unmerged paths.
-#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-#
-# Unmerged paths:
-#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-#
-#	deleted by us:      foo
-#
+test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch side
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	deleted by us:      foo
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
 	mkdir mdconflict &&
 	(
 		cd mdconflict &&
@@ -134,19 +134,19 @@
 	test_commit on_second main.txt on_second &&
 	test_commit master conflict.txt master &&
 	test_must_fail git merge second_branch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both added:         conflict.txt
-	#	deleted by them:    main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both added:         conflict.txt
+	deleted by them:    main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -167,20 +167,20 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (both deleted)' '
 	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflict_second
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both deleted:       main.txt
-	#	added by them:      sub_master.txt
-	#	added by us:        sub_second.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:       main.txt
+	added by them:      sub_master.txt
+	added by us:        sub_second.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -191,22 +191,22 @@
 	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
 	git add sub_master.txt &&
 	git add sub_second.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflict_second
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	new file:   sub_master.txt
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both deleted:       main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	new file:   sub_master.txt
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:       main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..460789b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status ignored files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	echo "ignored" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked sub-directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked &&
+	mkdir ignored &&
+	: >ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored/test &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore' '
+	: >untracked-ignored/ignored &&
+	: >untracked-ignored/test/ignored &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/ignored
+!! untracked-ignored/test/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir tracked &&
+	: >tracked/committed &&
+	git add tracked/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore' '
+	echo "committed" >>.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore' '
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	: >tracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf tracked/uncommitted &&
+	mkdir tracked/ignored &&
+	: >tracked/ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	: >tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git add -f tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..73709db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status with core.ignorecase=true'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'status with hash collisions' '
+	# note: "V/", "V/XQANY/" and "WURZAUP/" produce the same hash code
+	# in name-hash.c::hash_name
+	mkdir V &&
+	mkdir V/XQANY &&
+	mkdir WURZAUP &&
+	touch V/XQANY/test &&
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	git add . &&
+	# test is successful if git status completes (no endless loop)
+	git status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index b096dc8..8d4b50d 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,19 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "modify 2nd file (changed)" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="modify 2nd file (ge\303\244ndert)\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo "1st file" >first &&
@@ -28,7 +41,8 @@
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+	git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1" commit -a -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -43,6 +57,20 @@
 	done | test_cmp .cat_expect -
 }
 
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message (iso8859-1 logoutputencoding)' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git -c "i18n.logOutputEncoding=iso8859-1" reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg iso8859-1) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
 >.diff_expect
 >.cached_expect
 cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
@@ -56,7 +84,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
@@ -74,7 +102,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
@@ -86,7 +114,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -110,7 +138,7 @@
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -133,27 +161,27 @@
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+		check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -176,7 +204,7 @@
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
 	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -191,9 +219,10 @@
 	'changing files and redo the last commit should succeed' '
 	echo "3rd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	check_changes $head4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -210,7 +239,7 @@
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
 	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d
+			$head4
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -302,8 +331,8 @@
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=iso8859-1" commit -a -m "$(commit_msg iso8859-1)" &&
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -325,10 +354,11 @@
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	test_must_fail git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	check_changes 77abb337073fb4369a7ad69ff6f5ec0e4d6b54bb
+	check_changes $head3
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -341,15 +371,15 @@
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -388,7 +418,8 @@
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
 	test_cmp output expect &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
@@ -402,7 +433,8 @@
 	>sub/file2 &&
 	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	U=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo "$T" &&
 	echo "$U" &&
@@ -440,7 +472,8 @@
 		echo "100644 $F3 3	file2"
 	} | git update-index --index-info &&
 	git ls-files -u &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
@@ -449,10 +482,11 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	git reset secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet -- secondfile &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test -f secondfile &&
-	test ! -s secondfile
+	test_must_be_empty secondfile
 
 '
 
@@ -474,7 +508,8 @@
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 
@@ -486,9 +521,18 @@
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset with paths accepts tree' '
+	# for simpler tests, drop last commit containing added files
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reset HEAD^^{tree} -- . &&
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ --exit-code &&
+	git diff HEAD --exit-code
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
index 95fab20..98b7d7b 100755
--- a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p HEAD^' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work parent &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Apply" output
 '
 
 # The idea in the rest is that bar sorts first, so we always say 'y'
diff --git a/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f95f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset should work on unborn branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo b >b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset HEAD' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset $file' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset a &&
+
+	echo b >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'reset -p' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo y >yes &&
+	git reset -p <yes >output &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft is a no-op' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --soft &&
+
+	echo a >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_when_finished "echo a >a" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing a
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index be9672e..0c9ec0a 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
     git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
 
     git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index ccfb54d..710be90 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -298,6 +298,23 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
@@ -332,6 +349,23 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
 
 	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
diff --git a/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ae394e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git clean -i basic tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p src &&
+	touch src/part1.c Makefile &&
+	echo build >.gitignore &&
+	echo \*.o >>.gitignore &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m setup &&
+	touch src/part2.c README &&
+	git add .
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (c: clean hotkey)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo c | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (cl: clean prefix)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo cl | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (quit)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo quit | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo "\04" | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "part3.* *.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "* !*.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - none)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 2 3; echo 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 3)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3,4 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - filenames)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out foo.txt bar.txt baz.txt &&
+	(echo s; echo a.out fo ba bar; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f foo.txt &&
+	test ! -f bar.txt &&
+	test -f baz.txt &&
+	rm baz.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 1,3-4; echo 2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 4- 1; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (inverse select)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo -5- 1 -2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask - Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo no; echo yes; echo "\04") | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (filter)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo f; echo "docs"; echo "*.h"; echo ; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (select by name)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo s; echo "../docs/"; echo "../src/part3.c"; \
+	  echo "../src/part4.c";  echo; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 5397037..c28e8d8 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@
 	git branch initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'configuration parsing' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .gitmodules" &&
+	cat >.gitmodules <<-\EOF &&
+	[submodule "s"]
+		path
+		ignore
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git status
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - repository in init subdirectory' '
 	mkdir init &&
 	(
@@ -78,7 +88,7 @@
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -q "$submodurl" submod >actual &&
-		test ! -s actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
 		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
 		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
 		(
@@ -133,6 +143,7 @@
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		test "initial" = "$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submod-branch.branch)" &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -211,6 +222,32 @@
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	mkdir addtest/sub &&
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" ../realsubmod3 &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/realsubmod3 ../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory with relative path should fail' '
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add ../../ submod3 2>../../output.err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep toplevel output.err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - add an example entry to .gitmodules' '
 	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules \
 	git config submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
@@ -307,7 +344,7 @@
 
 	mkdir init &&
 	git submodule update -q >update.out &&
-	test ! -s update.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty update.out &&
 
 	inspect init &&
 	test_cmp expect head-sha1
@@ -318,6 +355,26 @@
 	grep "^ $rev1" list
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory with path' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status ../init >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'status should be "modified" after submodule commit' '
 	(
 		cd init &&
@@ -398,6 +455,25 @@
 	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'update --init from subdirectory' '
+	mv init init2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.example.url "$(pwd)/init2" &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.example &&
+	test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url &&
+
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule update ../init >update.out &&
+		cat update.out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "not initialized" update.out &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir ../init/.git &&
+
+		git submodule update --init ../init
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -405,7 +481,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
+test_expect_success 'gracefully add/reset submodule with a trailing slash' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git commit -m "commit subproject" init &&
@@ -419,7 +495,9 @@
 	git add init/ &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code --cached init &&
 	test $commit = $(git ls-files --stage |
-		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p")
+		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p") &&
+	git reset init/ &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached init
 
 '
 
@@ -681,4 +759,229 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with another at the same path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/bare.git" repo >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo_new" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test ! -d repo &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git submodule add -f -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test -d repo &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a second submodule' '
+	git submodule add ./init2 example2 &&
+	git commit -m "submodule example2 added"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit should remove the whole submodule section from .git/config' '
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit from subdirectory' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule deinit ../init >../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" output &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit . deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit deinits a submodule when its work tree is missing or empty' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	rm -rf init example2/* example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit init example2 >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains modifications unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/s &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains untracked files unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/untracked &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule HEAD does not match unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit is silent when used on an uninitialized submodule' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when submodule has a .git directory even when forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/example .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit -f init &&
+	test -d init/.git &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with UTF-8 name' '
+	svname=$(printf "\303\245 \303\244\303\266") &&
+	mkdir "$svname" &&
+	(
+		cd "$svname" &&
+		git init &&
+		>sub &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "init sub"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./"$svname" &&
+	git submodule >&2 &&
+	test -n "$(git submodule | grep "$svname")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add clone shallow submodule' '
+	mkdir super &&
+	pwd=$(pwd)
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		git submodule add --depth=1 file://"$pwd"/example2 submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
index 30b429e..366746f 100755
--- a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -45,6 +45,42 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory)' "
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory only)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary . >../actual
+	) &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory with explicit path)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary ../sm1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
@@ -68,6 +104,24 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'no ignore=all setting has any effect' "
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.path sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sm1
+"
+
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
@@ -76,8 +130,8 @@
 )
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
@@ -89,8 +143,8 @@
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
@@ -102,15 +156,15 @@
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
-    git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -122,8 +176,8 @@
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
-    git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
   < Add foo5
 
@@ -132,59 +186,59 @@
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
-    git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
   > Add foo5
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4...$head6:
   Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
   > Add foo7
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -192,62 +246,60 @@
 git add sm2
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
-    git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
-    git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--for-status' "
-    git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
-    test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm1 $head6...0000000:
-#
-# * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
-#   > Add foo9
-#
+	git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
 EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when using --files together with --cached' "
-    test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
+	test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'should not fail in an empty repo' "
-    git init xyzzy &&
-    cd xyzzy &&
-    git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
-    test_cmp output /dev/null
+	git init xyzzy &&
+	cd xyzzy &&
+	git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp output /dev/null
 "
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
index f919c8d..8e32f19 100755
--- a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
 #
 
-test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+test_description='Test rebasing, stashing, etc. with submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 	echo second line >> file &&
 	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a &&
+	git branch added-submodule
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebasing submodule that should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout added-submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m extra
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ HEAD^0 &&
+	git ls-files -s submodule >actual &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^) 1	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) 2	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) 3	submodule"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 524d5c1..79bc135 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -11,165 +11,338 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	echo file > file &&
+	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m "submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "sub-submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodule"
 	) &&
 	git clone super super-clone &&
-	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
 	git clone super empty-clone &&
-	(cd empty-clone && git submodule init) &&
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
 	git clone super top-only-clone &&
 	git clone super relative-clone &&
-	(cd relative-clone && git submodule update --init)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 echo second line >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
+	git clone super recursive-clone &&
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo second line >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	)
+'
+
+reset_submodule_urls () {
+	local root
+	root=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	)
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
-	(cd super &&
-	 cd submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		cd submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
+	(
+		cd moved-submodule &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs' '
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
-	 git submodule sync
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		git submodule sync
 	) &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset submodule URLs' '
+	reset_submodule_urls super-clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync >../../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive >../../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule/sub-submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update known submodule URLs' '
-	(cd empty-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should not vivify uninteresting submodule' '
-	(cd top-only-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
-	 git submodule sync submodule &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd top-only-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
+		git submodule sync submodule &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" propagates changes in origin' '
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ./submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ./foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ../submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 #actual ../foo/submodule
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar with deeply nested submodule' '
-	(cd relative-clone &&
-	 git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
-	 mkdir -p a/b/c &&
-	 ( cd a/b/c &&
-	   git init &&
-	   :> .gitignore &&
-	   git add .gitignore &&
-	   test_tick &&
-	   git commit -m "initial commit" ) &&
-	 git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	(cd a/b/c &&
-	 #actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
-	)
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			git init &&
+			>.gitignore &&
+			git add .gitignore &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m "initial commit"
+		) &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			#actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index 1542653..0825a92 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 	 git submodule add ../merging merging &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "rebasing"
-	)
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git submodule add ../none none &&
 	 test_tick &&
@@ -80,6 +80,21 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update from subdirectory' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	mkdir super/sub &&
+	(cd super/sub &&
+	 (cd ../submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update ../submodule &&
+	 cd ../submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
 apos="'";
 test_expect_success 'submodule update does not fetch already present commits' '
 	(cd submodule &&
@@ -135,6 +150,37 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should fetch upstream changes' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo line4 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line4"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout -b test-branch &&
+	 echo line5 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line5" &&
+	 git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.branch test-branch &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline test-branch)"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
 	(cd super/submodule &&
 	  git checkout master
@@ -248,6 +294,50 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!git checkout"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!false"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update submodule
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule init does not copy command into .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git ls-files -s submodule | cut -d" " -f2) &&
+	 mkdir submodule1 &&
+	 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.path submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.url ../submodule &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.update !false &&
+	 git submodule init submodule1 &&
+	 echo "none" >expect &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule1.update >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up rebase' '
 	(cd super &&
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.rebasing.update rebase &&
@@ -565,14 +655,14 @@
 	   git log > ../../../expected
 	  ) &&
 	  git commit -m "added subsubmodule" &&
-	  git push
+	  git push origin :
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd .git/modules/deeper/submodule/modules/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../../../../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 git add deeper/submodule &&
 	 git commit -m "update submodule" &&
-	 git push &&
+	 git push origin : &&
 	 test_cmp actual expected
 	)
 '
@@ -612,7 +702,8 @@
 	rm -rf super_update_r2 &&
 	git clone super_update_r super_update_r2 &&
 	(cd super_update_r2 &&
-	 git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual &&
 	 (cd submodule/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../expected
 	 ) &&
@@ -627,14 +718,16 @@
 	(cd super &&
 	 git reset --hard master &&
 	 rm -rf deeper/ &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule deeper/submodule
+	 git submodule add --force ../submodule deeper/submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
 	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	 git commit -am "pre move" &&
-	 git status >expect&&
+	 H2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H/XXX/" >expect &&
 	 H=$(cd submodule2; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	 git rm --cached submodule2 &&
 	 rm -rf submodule2 &&
@@ -643,7 +736,7 @@
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule2.path "moved/sub module"
 	 git commit -am "post move" &&
 	 git submodule update &&
-	 git status >actual &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H2/XXX/" >actual &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
@@ -651,14 +744,24 @@
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd' '
 	mkdir -p linked/dir &&
 	ln -s linked/dir linkto &&
-	(
-		cd linkto &&
-		git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
-		(
-			cd super &&
-			git submodule update --init --recursive
-		)
+	(cd linkto &&
+	 git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
+	 (cd super &&
+	  git submodule update --init --recursive
+	 )
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update clone shallow submodule' '
+	git clone cloned super3 &&
+	pwd=$(pwd)
+	(cd super3 &&
+	 sed -e "s#url = ../#url = file://$pwd/#" <.gitmodules >.gitmodules.tmp &&
+	 mv -f .gitmodules.tmp .gitmodules &&
+	 git submodule update --init --depth=3
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+	 )
+	)
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 9b69fe2..b64c9ed 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Entering '../sub1'
+$pwd/clone-foo1-../sub1-$sub1sha1
+Entering '../sub3'
+$pwd/clone-foo3-../sub3-$sub3sha1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "submodule foreach" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir clone/sub &&
+	(
+		cd clone/sub &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \$toplevel-\$name-\$sm_path-\$sha1" >../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup nested submodules' '
 	git clone submodule nested1 &&
 	git clone submodule nested2 &&
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@
 		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		git submodule foreach "git submodule update --init" &&
-		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested1/nested2/.git
+		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/nested3/.git
 	)
 '
@@ -226,22 +242,18 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-sed -e "/nested1 /s/.*/+$nested1sha1 nested1 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
+sed -e "/nested2 /s/.*/+$nested2sha1 nested1\/nested2 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
 mv -f expect2 expect
 
 test_expect_success 'ensure "status --cached --recursive" preserves the --cached flag' '
 	(
 		cd clone3 &&
 		(
-			cd nested1 &&
+			cd nested1/nested2 &&
 			test_commit file2
 		) &&
 		git submodule status --cached --recursive -- nested1 > ../actual
 	) &&
-	if test_have_prereq MINGW
-	then
-		dos2unix actual
-	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
index 2fec13d..c207171 100755
--- a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 	mkdir home &&
 	(
 		cd home &&
-		export GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
 		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/sogood &&
 		test_commit "sogood" &&
@@ -39,7 +41,9 @@
 	(
 		cd home2 &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
-		export GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
 		git checkout master &&
 		git submodule update --init &&
 		(
@@ -55,7 +59,8 @@
 	mkdir home3 &&
 	(
 		cd home3 &&
-		export GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
 		git clone --bare ../remote "$GIT_DIR" &&
 		git config core.bare false &&
 		git config core.worktree .. &&
@@ -66,7 +71,8 @@
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd home &&
-		export GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
 		git config core.bare false &&
 		git config core.worktree .. &&
 		git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index 1c908f4..bdc1f29 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
 	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
 
-	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$expect &&
-	printf "%s" "$1" >$actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >"$actual" &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >"$expect" &&
+	test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual"
 }
 
 # A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
-	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset commit.template" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
 	(
 		GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >\"\$1\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
 	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
-	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
 	echo "more content" >> foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	(
 		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
 		git commit
 	) &&
-	git config --unset commit.template &&
 	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4dccff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+echo "# comment" >> "$1"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
index 195e747..f04798f 100755
--- a/t/t7501-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'using invalid commit with -C' '
-	test_must_fail git commit -C bogus
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -C bogus
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nothing to commit' '
@@ -524,4 +524,17 @@
 	test_i18ngrep " changed, 5 insertions" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--only works on to-be-born branch' '
+	# This test relies on having something in the index, as it
+	# would not otherwise actually prove much.  So check this.
+	test -n "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	echo foo >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit --only newfile -m"--only on unborn branch" &&
+	echo newfile >expected &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index deb187e..6313da2 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg_is () {
+	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
+	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
+
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$actual &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >$expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+}
+
 # Arguments: [<prefix] [<commit message>] [<commit options>]
 check_summary_oneline() {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -162,23 +171,30 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
 
-	git config color.diff always &&
+	test_config color.diff always &&
 	git status -v >actual &&
-	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
-	git config --unset color.diff
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+mesg_with_comment_and_newlines='
+# text
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file with comment line and trailing newlines'  '
+	printf "%s" "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-t)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
-	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim --no-status -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
@@ -187,16 +203,16 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-m)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
@@ -207,7 +223,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -218,7 +234,7 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -231,10 +247,79 @@
 # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
 # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e): output' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e): output' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode option)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --cleanup=non-existent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode configuration)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c commit.cleanup=non-existent commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (no config and no option uses default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (config overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides config)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --cleanup=default
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (default, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace option, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace config, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'message shows author when it is not equal to committer' '
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit -e -m "sample" -a &&
@@ -243,16 +328,6 @@
 	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup auto-ident prerequisite' '
-	if (sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
-	    sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
-	    git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT); then
-		test_set_prereq AUTOIDENT
-	else
-		test_set_prereq NOAUTOIDENT
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success AUTOIDENT 'message shows committer when it is automatic' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -271,7 +346,7 @@
 exit 0
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success NOAUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
 	>.git/result
 	>expect &&
 
@@ -286,6 +361,23 @@
 	test_cmp expect .git/result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m <msg> was given' '
+	echo tick >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m tick) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m "" was given' '
+	echo tock >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" \
+	 git commit -m "" --allow-empty-message) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 
 	git clean -f &&
@@ -349,6 +441,18 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit -s places sob on third line after two empty lines' '
+	git commit -s --allow-empty --allow-empty-message &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+
+
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "/^#/d" -e "s/^:.*//" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<\EOF
 mv "$1" "$1.orig"
 (
@@ -359,16 +463,6 @@
 
 echo '## Custom template' >template
 
-clear_config () {
-	(
-		git config --unset-all "$1"
-		case $? in
-		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
-		*)	exit 1 ;;
-		esac
-	)
-}
-
 try_commit () {
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -384,67 +478,57 @@
 try_commit_status_combo () {
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
@@ -457,4 +541,10 @@
 
 try_commit_status_combo
 
+test_expect_success 'commit --status with custom comment character' '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	try_commit --status &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 5b4b694..3573751 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -167,5 +167,19 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
+
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git checkout - &&
+	test_must_fail git merge other
+
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
index da5bd3b..2ddf28c 100755
--- a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
+++ b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
@@ -65,9 +65,35 @@
 	check_message diff
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
+test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
 	git commit --amend -F diff -v &&
 	check_message diff
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule log is stripped out too with -v' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	git commit -m "sub added" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		echo "more" >>file &&
+		git commit -a -m "submodule commit"
+	) &&
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out with set core.commentChar' '
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.commentchar=";" commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index e313ef1..c987b5e 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	mkdir broken &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
 	(
@@ -59,8 +60,13 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
 '
 
+strip_comments () {
+	tab='	'
+	sed "s/^\# //; s/^\#$//; s/^#$tab/$tab/" <"$1" >"$1".tmp &&
+	rm "$1" && mv "$1".tmp "$1"
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'status --column' '
-	COLUMNS=50 git status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
@@ -77,9 +83,17 @@
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
-#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked untracked
-#	dir2/modified  output
+#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked output
+#	dir2/modified  expect         untracked
+#
 EOF
+	COLUMNS=50 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status --column="column dense" >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --column status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	COLUMNS=49 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -105,33 +119,62 @@
 #	expect
 #	output
 #	untracked
+#
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'status (2)' '
-	git status >output &&
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=true' '
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
+	cat >.git/editor <<-\EOF &&
+	#! /bin/sh
+	cp "$1" output
+EOF
+	chmod 755 .git/editor
+'
+
+commit_template_commented () {
+	(
+		EDITOR=.git/editor &&
+		export EDITOR &&
+		# Fails due to empty message
+		test_must_fail git commit
+	) &&
+	! grep '^[^#]' output
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'commit ignores status.displayCommentPrefix=false in COMMIT_EDITMSG' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status (advice.statusHints false)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset advice.statusHints" &&
-	git config advice.statusHints false &&
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -185,33 +228,35 @@
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Untracked files:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	dir2/modified
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir2/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -246,30 +291,31 @@
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/modified
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -310,49 +356,47 @@
 	: >dir3/untracked2
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uno' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed
-EOF
-git config advice.statusHints false
 test_expect_success 'status -uno (advice.statusHints false)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed
+EOF
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
-git config --unset advice.statusHints
 
 cat >expect << EOF
  M dir1/modified
@@ -369,38 +413,38 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -unormal' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -unormal >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -427,39 +471,39 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/untracked1
-#	dir3/untracked2
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uall' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/untracked1
+	dir3/untracked2
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -uall >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -484,38 +528,37 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	rm -rf dir3 &&
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   ../dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	untracked
-#	../dir2/modified
-#	../dir2/untracked
-#	../expect
-#	../output
-#	../untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   ../dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	untracked
+	../dir2/modified
+	../dir2/untracked
+	../expect
+	../output
+	../untracked
+
+EOF
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -562,40 +605,38 @@
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>output<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
-	git config color.ui always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.ui" &&
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
+	<BLUE>output<RESET>
+	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
+
+EOF
+	test_config color.ui always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
-	git config color.status always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.status" &&
+	test_config color.status always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -692,35 +733,34 @@
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 
 
 test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -739,30 +779,30 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat <<EOF >expect
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'dry-run of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git commit --dry-run dir1/modified >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -787,31 +827,32 @@
 	git add sm
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -846,41 +887,52 @@
 
 head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit with submodule summary ignores status.displayCommentPrefix' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
  M dir1/modified
 A  dir2/added
@@ -897,26 +949,27 @@
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
 	git commit -m "commit submodule" &&
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >output &&
@@ -941,41 +994,42 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status -z implies porcelain' '
 	git status --porcelain |
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe "s/\012/\000/g" >expect &&
+	perl -pe "s/\012/\000/g" >expect &&
 	git status -z >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run submodule summary (--amend)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git commit --dry-run --amend >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
@@ -1000,52 +1054,51 @@
 new_head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 touch .gitmodules
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	echo modified  sm/untracked &&
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1065,15 +1118,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	! test -s actual &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1112,39 +1164,39 @@
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#   (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (modified content)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (modified content)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1170,43 +1222,43 @@
 
 head2=$(cd sm && git commit -q -m "2nd commit" foo && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (new commits)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Submodules changed but not updated:
-#
-# * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
-#   > 2nd commit
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (new commits)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Submodules changed but not updated:
+
+* sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+  > 2nd commit
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1254,32 +1306,81 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+; On branch master
+; Changes to be committed:
+;   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+;
+;	modified:   sm
+;
+; Changes not staged for commit:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+;   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+;
+;	modified:   dir1/modified
+;	modified:   sm (new commits)
+;
+; Submodule changes to be committed:
+;
+; * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+;   > Add bar
+;
+; Submodules changed but not updated:
+;
+; * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+;   > 2nd commit
+;
+; Untracked files:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+;
+;	.gitmodules
+;	dir1/untracked
+;	dir2/modified
+;	dir2/untracked
+;	expect
+;	output
+;	untracked
+;
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with two chars with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";;" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=all suppresses submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	output
+	untracked
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=all > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status > output &&
@@ -1287,7 +1388,7 @@
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
@@ -1298,4 +1399,66 @@
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup of test environment' '
+	git config status.showUntrackedFiles no &&
+	git status -s >expected_short &&
+	git status --no-short >expected_noshort
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" same as "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" weaker than "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status --no-short >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" same as "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" weaker than "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" same as "-b"' '
+	git status -sb >expected_branch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" different from "--no-branch"' '
+	git status -s --no-branch  >expected_nobranch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s --no-branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--porcelain"' '
+       git -c status.branch=true status --porcelain >actual &&
+       test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" same as "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" weaker than "-b"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -sb >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Restore default test environment' '
+	git config --unset status.showUntrackedFiles
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7512-status-help.sh b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
index b3f6eb9..3cec57a 100755
--- a/t/t7512-status-help.sh
+++ b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
 #
 
-test_description='git status advices'
+test_description='git status advice'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 set_fake_editor
 
 test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit init main.txt init &&
 	git branch conflicts &&
 	test_commit on_master main.txt on_master &&
@@ -24,18 +25,18 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status when conflicts unresolved' '
 	test_must_fail git merge master &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflicts
-	# You have unmerged paths.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -46,17 +47,17 @@
 	test_must_fail git merge master &&
 	echo one >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch conflicts
-	# All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
-	#   (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
+  (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -73,22 +74,23 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
-	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -97,21 +99,22 @@
 test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before rebase --continue' '
 	git reset --hard rebase_conflicts &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
 	echo three >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -130,22 +133,23 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
-	#   (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -154,20 +158,21 @@
 test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i after resolving conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -182,15 +187,16 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~2) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_edit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -206,21 +212,22 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''split_commit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -236,16 +243,17 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''amend_last'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -265,16 +273,17 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -285,22 +294,23 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -311,17 +321,18 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -332,17 +343,18 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "a" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -353,23 +365,24 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "b" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -380,18 +393,19 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git commit --amend -m "c" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "d" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -402,19 +416,20 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit -m "e" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -425,25 +440,26 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit --amend -m "f" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -454,20 +470,21 @@
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
 	export FAKE_LINES &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git add main.txt &&
 	git commit --amend -m "g" &&
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	git commit --amend -m "h" &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently editing a commit during a rebase.
-	#   (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
-	#   (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -487,15 +504,15 @@
 	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
 	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_already_exists
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_already_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -509,15 +526,15 @@
 	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
 	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_not_exists
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	#   (fix conflicts and then run "git am --resolved")
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_not_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -532,15 +549,15 @@
 	git commit -m "delete all am_empty" &&
 	echo error >Maildir/0002-two_am.patch &&
 	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch am_empty
-	# You are in the middle of an am session.
-	# The current patch is empty.
-	#   (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
-	#   (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_empty
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+The current patch is empty.
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -556,13 +573,14 @@
 	git bisect start &&
 	git bisect bad &&
 	git bisect good one_bisect &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently bisecting.
-	#   (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
-	#
-	nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_bisect) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+HEAD detached at $TGT
+You are currently bisecting, started from branch '\''bisect'\''.
+  (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -577,16 +595,17 @@
 	test_commit two_statushints main.txt two &&
 	test_commit three_statushints main.txt three &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# Not currently on any branch.
-	# You are currently rebasing.
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''statushints_disabled'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+
+Unmerged paths:
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -607,18 +626,20 @@
 test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking before resolving conflicts' '
 	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch cherry_branch
-	# You are currently cherry-picking.
-	#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Unmerged paths:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
-	#
-	#	both modified:      main.txt
-	#
-	no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-	EOF
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
@@ -628,22 +649,100 @@
 	git reset --hard cherry_branch &&
 	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
 	echo end >main.txt &&
 	git add main.txt &&
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch cherry_branch
-	# You are currently cherry-picking.
-	#   (all conflicts fixed: run "git commit")
-	#
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#
-	#	modified:   main.txt
-	#
-	# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-	EOF
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status showing detached at and from a tag' '
+	test_commit atag tagging &&
+	git checkout atag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached at atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached from atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo before >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit before to-revert.txt &&
+	echo old >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit old to-revert.txt &&
+	echo new >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit new to-revert.txt &&
+	TO_REVERT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	test_must_fail git revert $TO_REVERT &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:      to-revert.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts resolved)' '
+	echo reverted >to-revert.txt &&
+	git add to-revert.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after reverting commit' '
+	git revert --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 5e19598..10aa028 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 		echo &&
 		git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3
 	} >squash.1-5-9 &&
-	echo >msg.nolog &&
+	: >msg.nologff &&
+	echo >msg.nolognoff &&
 	{
 		echo "* tag 'c3':" &&
 		echo "  commit 3" &&
@@ -244,8 +245,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'merges with merge.ff=only' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset merge.ff" &&
-	git config merge.ff only &&
+	test_config merge.ff "only" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c3 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
 
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
-test_expect_success 'unsuccesful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
+test_expect_success 'unsuccessful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --squash --ff-only c2
 '
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -346,12 +346,11 @@
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge --log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --log &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--log" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -360,17 +359,12 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section branch.master" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section merge" &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section branch.master &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section merge &&
-
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
+	test_config merge.log "true" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -380,7 +374,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -392,7 +386,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -406,7 +400,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -422,7 +416,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -438,7 +432,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --commit c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -449,7 +443,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -460,7 +454,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
@@ -471,10 +464,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (merge.ff=false)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section merge &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents $c0 $c1
 '
@@ -482,22 +474,19 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'combine branch.master.mergeoptions with merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --ff &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--ff" &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section "branch.master" &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents "$c0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tolerate unknown values for merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff something-new &&
+	test_config merge.ff "something-new" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 2>message &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_head "$c1" &&
 	test_cmp empty message
 '
@@ -508,14 +497,20 @@
 	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --squash c1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'combining --ff-only and --no-ff is refused' '
-	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --no-ff c1 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1
+test_expect_success 'option --ff-only overwrites --no-ff' '
+	git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option --no-ff overrides merge.ff=only config' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config merge.ff only &&
+	git merge --no-ff c1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
 	git merge --ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_head $c1
@@ -525,14 +520,20 @@
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge --no-log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
-	test_cmp msg.nolog msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nologff msg.act &&
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nolognoff msg.act &&
 
 	git merge --log c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	git config merge.log yes &&
+	test_config merge.log "yes" &&
 	git merge c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act
@@ -542,7 +543,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -553,7 +553,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -564,7 +563,6 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c1 c2 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index b44b293..830a4c3 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 '
 
 # First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
-# recusive is choosen.
+# recursive is chosen.
 
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
index 6547eb8..758a623 100755
--- a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -141,11 +141,10 @@
 	test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
+test_expect_success 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
-	ln -s sub2 sub &&
-	git add sub &&
+	test_ln_s_add sub2 sub &&
 	git commit -m ln &&
 	git checkout sub
 '
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index bc38737..05d9db0 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
     git submodule update -N &&
     test_must_fail git merge master &&
 
-    #shouldnt need these lines
+    #should not need these lines
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
     #( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
     git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
     git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
     test_must_fail git merge master &&
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
     git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
     git submodule update -N &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     echo not a submodule >submod &&
     git add submod &&
     git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'directory vs modified submodule' '
     git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
     mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
+    git rm --cached submod &&
     mkdir submod &&
     echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
     git add submod/file16 &&
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..21a0bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge signature verification tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-signed &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "signed on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-unsigned &&
+	echo 3 >foo && git add foo &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "unsigned on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-bad &&
+	echo 3 >bar && git add bar &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "bad on side" &&
+	git cat-file commit side-bad >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/bad/forged bad/" raw >forged &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged >forged.commit &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-untrusted &&
+	echo 3 >baz && git add baz &&
+	test_tick && git commit -SB7227189 -m "untrusted on side"
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit) 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a bad GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with untrusted signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-untrusted 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has an untrusted GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge signed commit with verification' '
+	git merge --verbose --ff-only --verify-signatures side-signed >mergeoutput &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a good GPG signature" mergeoutput
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature without verification' '
+	git merge $(cat forged.commit)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index eb1d3f8..2418528 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 David Aguilar
 #
 
 test_description='git-difftool
@@ -10,47 +10,19 @@
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remove_config_vars()
+difftool_test_setup ()
 {
-	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
-	git config --unset diff.tool
-	git config --unset diff.guitool
-	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
-	git config --unset merge.tool
-	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
-	return 0
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat "$LOCAL"' &&
+	test_config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
 }
 
-restore_test_defaults()
-{
-	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
-	remove_config_vars
-	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
-	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
-}
-
-prompt_given()
+prompt_given ()
 {
 	prompt="$1"
 	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]: branch"
 }
 
-stdin_contains()
-{
-	grep >/dev/null "$1"
-}
-
-stdin_doesnot_contain()
-{
-	! stdin_contains "$1"
-}
-
 # Create a file on master and change it on branch
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 	echo master >file &&
@@ -65,249 +37,237 @@
 
 # Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
 test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch"
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd overrides built-ins
-test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands override built-ins' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.defaults.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool defaults --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
-
-	git config --unset difftool.defaults.cmd
+test_expect_success PERL 'custom tool commands override built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --tool vimdiff --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
-	test "$?" = 1 &&
-	test "$diff" = ""
+	: >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 1 \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards arguments to diff' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
 	echo changes>for-diff &&
 	git add for-diff &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff) &&
-	test "$diff" = "" &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	git reset -- for-diff &&
 	rm for-diff
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui last setting wins' '
-	git config diff.guitool bogus-tool &&
-	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	git config --unset diff.tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
 # that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
 # when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
 # Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true git difftool branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
-	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config mergetool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
-	git config difftool.prompt true &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt true &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool -y branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool last flag wins' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars &&
-	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
-	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	test_config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
-	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
-	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
-	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
-	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch >output &&
+	lines=$(grep file output | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -x cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = file
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = master
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Create a second file on master and a different version on branch
@@ -324,26 +284,26 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the first file' '
-	diff=$( (echo n; echo) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains br2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain branch
+	(echo n && echo) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep m2 output &&
+	grep br2 output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the second file' '
-	diff=$( (echo; echo n) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains branch &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain br2
+	(echo && echo n) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep master output &&
+	grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --tool-help' '
-	tool_help=$(git difftool --tool-help) &&
-	echo "$tool_help" | stdin_contains tool
+	git difftool --tool-help >output &&
+	grep tool output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
@@ -354,34 +314,123 @@
 	git commit -m "added sub/sub" &&
 	echo test >>file &&
 	echo test >>sub/sub &&
-	git add . &&
+	git add file sub/sub &&
 	git commit -m "modified both"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -d' '
-	diff=$(git difftool -d --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test () {
+	test_expect_success PERL "$1 --no-symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--no-symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+	test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS "$1 --symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+}
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool -d' '
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --prompt --extcmd ls branch) &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --prompt --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
 	(
 		cd sub &&
-		diff=$(git difftool --dir-diff --extcmd ls branch) &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains sub &&
-		echo "$diff" | stdin_contains file
+		git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+		grep sub output &&
+		grep file output
+	)
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff when worktree file is missing' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	rm file2 &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch master >output &&
+	grep file2 output
+'
+
+write_script .git/CHECK_SYMLINKS <<\EOF
+for f in file file2 sub/sub
+do
+	echo "$f"
+	readlink "$2/$f"
+done >actual
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff --symlink without unstaged changes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	file
+	$(pwd)/file
+	file2
+	$(pwd)/file2
+	sub/sub
+	$(pwd)/sub/sub
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff --symlink \
+		--extcmd "./.git/CHECK_SYMLINKS" branch HEAD &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+write_script modify-right-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >"$2/file"
+EOF
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree with unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree without unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks does not overwrite working tree file ' '
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-both-files <<\EOF
+echo "wt content" >file &&
+echo "tmp content" >"$2/file" &&
+echo "$2" >tmpdir
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks detects conflict ' '
+	(
+		TMPDIR=$TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		export TMPDIR &&
+		echo "orig content" >file &&
+		test_must_fail git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-both-files" branch &&
+		echo "wt content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		echo "tmp content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect "$(cat tmpdir)/file"
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
index a895778..e1951a5 100755
--- a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
+++ b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@
 	test_cmp empty out
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'copes with color settings' '
 	rm -f actual &&
 	echo grep.h >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t8001-annotate.sh b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
index 41962f0..72176e4 100755
--- a/t/t8001-annotate.sh
+++ b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 PROG='git annotate'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'Annotating an old revision works' '
-	git annotate file master >result &&
-	awk "{ print \$3; }" <result >authors &&
+test_expect_success 'annotate old revision' '
+	git annotate file master >actual &&
+	awk "{ print \$3; }" <actual >authors &&
 	test 2 = $(grep A <authors | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 = $(grep B <authors | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index e2896cf..5cdf3f1 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,16 @@
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
 PROG='git blame -c -e'
-test_expect_success 'Blame --show-email works' '
-    check_count "<A@test.git>" 1 "<B@test.git>" 1 "<B1@test.git>" 1 "<B2@test.git>" 1 "<author@example.com>" 1 "<C@test.git>" 1 "<D@test.git>" 1 "<E at test dot git>" 1
+test_expect_success 'blame --show-email' '
+	check_count \
+		"<A@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B1@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B2@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<author@example.com>" 1 \
+		"<C@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<D@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<E at test dot git>" 1
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
index 230143c..e7cac1d 100755
--- a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@
 	grep "has only 2 lines" errors
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blame parses <end> part of -L' '
+	git blame -L1,1 tres >out &&
+	cat out &&
+	test $(wc -l < out) -eq 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, nine lines' '
 	git blame nine_lines >actual &&
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 0
diff --git a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
index bf6caa4..7683515 100755
--- a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
@@ -18,17 +18,13 @@
 	echo "bin: test number 0" >zero.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test 1" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2" >two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test 1 version 2" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2 version 2" >>two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		rm symlink.bin &&
-		ln -s two.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	rm -f symlink.bin &&
+	test_ln_s_add two.bin symlink.bin &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number2 git commit -a -m Second --date="2010-01-01 20:00:00"
 '
 
@@ -135,7 +131,7 @@
 
 # cp two.bin three.bin  and make small tweak
 # (this will direct blame -C -C three.bin to consider two.bin and symlink.bin)
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'make another new commit' '
+test_expect_success 'make another new commit' '
 	cat >three.bin <<\EOF &&
 bin: test number 2
 bin: test number 2 version 2
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number4 git commit -a -m Fourth --date="2010-01-01 23:00:00"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
 	git blame -C -C three.bin >blame &&
 	find_blame <blame >result &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
index 78a0085..eacd49a 100755
--- a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test" >one.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test version 2" >one.bin &&
@@ -22,11 +20,11 @@
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :one.bin
+bin: test version 2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'no filter specified' '
-	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin 2>result
+	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
@@ -36,10 +34,6 @@
 	git config diff.test.cachetextconv false
 '
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-bin: test version 2
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv' '
 	git cat-file blob :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
@@ -72,26 +66,20 @@
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected &&
 	git cat-file blob :symlink.bin >result &&
-	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on HEAD:symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 0351228..3119c8c 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
       echo do
       echo "  echo \"!\$a!\""
       echo "done >commandline\$output"
-      test_have_prereq MINGW && echo "dos2unix commandline\$output"
       echo "cat > msgtxt\$output"
       ) >fake.sendmail &&
      chmod +x ./fake.sendmail &&
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
     clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributor <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
@@ -171,6 +170,81 @@
 EOF
 "
 
+test_suppress_self () {
+	test_commit $3 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-EOF &&
+		sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p "\$1"
+	EOF
+
+	git commit --amend --author="$1 <$2>" -F - &&
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >"suppress-self-$3.patch" &&
+
+	git send-email --from="$1 <$2>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--suppress-cc=self \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		suppress-self-$3.patch &&
+
+	mv msgtxt1 msgtxt1-$3 &&
+	sed -e '/^$/q' msgtxt1-$3 >"msghdr1-$3" &&
+	>"expected-no-cc-$3" &&
+
+	(grep '^Cc:' msghdr1-$3 >"actual-no-cc-$3";
+	 test_cmp expected-no-cc-$3 actual-no-cc-$3)
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_unquoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "unquoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self unquoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		unquoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--$1 <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_quoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "quoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self quoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		quoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--"$1" <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Cc: "$1" <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: "$1" <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted 'A U Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name with dot is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'A U. Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_dot_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Füñný Nâmé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sanitized self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted '\"A U. Thor\"' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_sanitized_suppressed'
+"
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -191,17 +265,44 @@
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Prompting works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "Example <from@example.com>"
-	 echo "to@example.com"
+	(echo "to@example.com"
 	 echo ""
 	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches \
 		2>errors &&
-		grep "^From: Example <from@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
+		grep "^From: A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
 		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,AUTOIDENT 'implicit ident is allowed' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,!AUTOIDENT 'broken implicit ident aborts send-email' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 && export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tell me who you are" errors
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches tocmd.patch &&
@@ -760,7 +861,7 @@
 	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm does not loop forever' '
 	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
@@ -854,6 +955,89 @@
 	grep "^From: Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 sender is not duplicated' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_sender &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: " msgtxt1 >msgfrom &&
+	test_line_count = 1 msgfrom
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.composeencoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-1 \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding overrides sendemail.composeencoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-2" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding adds correct MIME for subject' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+	  --compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: =?iso-8859-2?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'detects ambiguous reference/file conflict' '
 	echo master > master &&
 	git add master &&
@@ -907,55 +1091,6 @@
 	grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'warning with an implicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--chain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --no-chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--nochain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = false' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto false &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = true' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto true &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.to works' '
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.to "Somebody <somebody@ex.com>" &&
 	git send-email \
@@ -1074,6 +1209,23 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+cat >expected <<EOF
+Subject: subject goes here
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'ASCII subject is not RFC2047 quoted' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo bogus |
+	git send-email --from=author@example.com --to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			--8bit-encoding=UTF-8 \
+			email-using-8bit >stdout &&
+	grep "Subject" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
 cat >content-type-decl <<EOF
 MIME-Version: 1.0
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index b7eed24..6dafe7e 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -54,14 +54,6 @@
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success PIPE 'empty dump' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2" >input &&
diff --git a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4d81ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests remote-svn'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+MARKSPATH=.git/info/fast-import/remote-svn
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-svn tests, python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# Override svnrdump with our simulator
+PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
+export PATH PYTHON_PATH GIT_BUILD_DIR
+
+write_script "$HOME/svnrdump" <<\EOF
+exec "$PYTHON_PATH" "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py" "$@"
+EOF
+
+init_git () {
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	#git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9020/example.svnrdump
+	# let's reuse an existing dump file!?
+	git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+	git remote add svnfile testsvn::file://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+}
+
+if test -e "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git-remote-testsvn"
+then
+	test_set_prereq REMOTE_SVN
+fi
+
+test_debug '
+	git --version
+	type git
+	type svnrdump
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'simple fetch' '
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	cp .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master master.good
+'
+
+test_debug '
+	cat .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master
+	cat .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'repeated fetch, nothing shall change' '
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'fetch from a file:// url gives the same result' '
+	git fetch svnfile
+'
+
+test_expect_failure REMOTE_SVN 'the sha1 differ because the git-svn-id line in the commit msg contains the url' '
+	test_cmp .git/refs/remotes/svnfile/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'mark-file regeneration' '
+	# filter out any other marks, that can not be regenerated. Only up to 3 digit revisions are allowed here
+	grep ":[0-9]\{1,3\} " $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks > $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old &&
+	rm $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'incremental imports must lead to the same head' '
+	SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	export SVNRMAX &&
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	unset SVNRMAX &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_debug 'git branch -a'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index 749b75e..4fea8d9 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -306,5 +306,13 @@
 	git svn fetch ) &&
 	rm -rf bare-repo
 	'
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in in a repository with a gitdir: link' '
+	mkdir worktree gitdir &&
+	( cd worktree &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git init --separate-git-dir ../gitdir &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf worktree gitdir
+	'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
index a61d671..9861c71 100755
--- a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Loading a node from a svn dumpfile without a Text-Content-Length
 # field causes svn to neglect to store or report an md5sum.  (it will
 # calculate one if you had put Text-Content-Length: 0).  This showed
-# up in a repository creted with cvs2svn.
+# up in a repository created with cvs2svn.
 
 cat > dumpfile.svn <<EOF
 SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 1
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
index 3077851..d33d714 100755
--- a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b svn remotes/trunk &&
 	git checkout -b merge &&
 	echo new file > new_file &&
 	git add new_file &&
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 	echo friend > README &&
 	cat tmp >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m "friend" &&
-	git pull . merge
+	git merge merge
 	'
 
 test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
diff --git a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
index b7ef9e2..69e9c0d 100755
--- a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
@@ -52,4 +52,71 @@
 	rm -rf target
 	'
 
+test_expect_success 'init without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"/project/trunk trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo"/project/trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_svn_configured_prefix () {
+	prefix=$1 &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+project/trunk:refs/remotes/${prefix}trunk
+project/branches/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}*
+project/tags/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}tags/*
+EOF
+	test ! -f actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.fetch >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.branches >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.tags >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm -f expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t without --prefix warns' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project 2>warning &&
+	grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t without --prefix warns' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project 2>warning &&
+	grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix does not warn' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project --prefix="" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix does not warn' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project --prefix="" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
index 9a40f1e..8cfdfe7 100755
--- a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
+++ b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 compare_svn_head_with () {
 	# extract just the log message and strip out committer info.
 	# don't use --limit here since svn 1.1.x doesn't have it,
-	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log `git svn info --url` | "$PERL_PATH" -w -e '
+	LC_ALL="$a_utf8_locale" svn log `git svn info --url` | perl -w -e '
 		use bytes;
 		$/ = ("-"x72) . "\n";
 		my @x = <STDIN>;
diff --git a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
index c17aa31..d60da63 100755
--- a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
+++ b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 	test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x61 &&
 	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
 	(cd tmp &&
-		"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
-		"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
+		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
+		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
 		poke file &&
 		test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x5588 &&
 		test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x6611 &&
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 test_expect_success 'change file but in unrelated area' "
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4 &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7 &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
-	"$PERL_PATH" -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
+	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
+	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
 	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
 	git commit -m '4 => 4444, 7 => 7777' file &&
diff --git a/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a90ff58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Walmsley - based on t9134 by Vitaly Shukela
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www xxx &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		echo test_xxx > xxx/test_xxx.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd add xxx &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with filter to include qqq directory' '
+	git svn clone --include-paths="qqq" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with included qqq directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --include-paths="qqq" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify include-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.include-paths | fgrep "qqq"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of included qqq' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
index 6ef0c0b..1eab701 100755
--- a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
+++ b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb1:2-4,7-9,13-18
 /branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
-/branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
 /branches/svnb5:6,11"
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53def87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Tobias Schulte
+#
+
+test_description='git svn branch for subproject clones'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir -p trunk/project branches tags &&
+		(
+			cd trunk/project &&
+			echo foo > foo
+		) &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk/project trunk/project &&
+	(
+		cd trunk/project &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --trunk=trunk/project --branches=branches/*/project \
+		--tags=tags/*/project "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch --parents a &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	git svn branch --parents -t tag1 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	git svn branch --parents --tag tag2 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag3 &&
+	git svn tag --parents tag3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
index b59be9a..3fb3368 100755
--- a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@
     test_done
 fi
 
-CVSROOT=$PWD/cvsroot
+CVSROOT=$PWD/tmpcvsroot
 CVSWORK=$PWD/cvswork
 GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
 export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
 
 rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
-mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+
 cvs init &&
+test -d "$CVSROOT" &&
 cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
 echo >empty &&
 git add empty &&
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 2fcf269..27263df 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # This could be written as "head -c $1", but IRIX "head" does not
 # support the -c option.
 head_c () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -e '
+	perl -e '
 		my $len = $ARGV[1];
 		while ($len > 0) {
 			my $s;
@@ -49,14 +49,6 @@
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
@@ -1039,6 +1031,32 @@
 	 git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+rename root
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/M2^0
+R "" sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
+:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 R100	file4	sub/file4
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
+:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
+:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename root to subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M4^ M4 >actual &&
+	 cat actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
 ###
 ### series N
 ###
@@ -1236,6 +1254,29 @@
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy root by path' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 C100	file4	oldroot/file4
+	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N-copy-root-path
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy root directory by (empty) path
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C "" oldroot
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r branch N-copy-root-path >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'N: delete directory by copying' \
 	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -2823,14 +2864,14 @@
 '
 
 #
-# notemodify, mark in committish
+# notemodify, mark in commit-ish
 #
-test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark committish must fail' '
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark commit-ish must fail' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
 	commit refs/heads/Snotes
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
-	commit S note committish
+	commit S note commit-ish
 	COMMIT
 	N :202 :302x
 	EOF
@@ -2942,4 +2983,20 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "space after tree-ish" err
 '
 
+###
+### series T (ls)
+###
+# Setup is carried over from series S.
+
+test_expect_success 'T: ls root tree' '
+	sed -e "s/Z\$//" >expect <<-EOF &&
+	040000 tree $(git rev-parse S^{tree})	Z
+	EOF
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify S) &&
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF >actual &&
+	ls $sha1 ""
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 3e821f9..2312dec 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=warn-strip' '
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=warn-strip sign-your-name >output 2>err &&
+	! grep PGP output &&
+	test -s err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
@@ -303,7 +309,7 @@
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@
 	(
 		cd limit-by-paths &&
 		git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
-		test_cmp output expected
+		test_cmp expected output
 	)
 '
 
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag'     'git fast-export tag-obj_tag'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag-obj' 'git fast-export tag-obj_tag-obj'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 	git init dirtosymlink &&
 	git init result &&
 	(
@@ -402,8 +408,7 @@
 		git add foo/world bar/world &&
 		git commit -q -mone &&
 		git rm -r foo &&
-		ln -s bar foo &&
-		git add foo &&
+		test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 		git commit -q -mtwo
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -424,7 +429,7 @@
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "path with \\backslash" \
 		--cacheinfo 100644 $blob "path with space" &&
 	 git commit -m addition &&
-	 git ls-files -z -s | "$PERL_PATH" -0pe "s{\\t}{$&subdir/}" >index &&
+	 git ls-files -z -s | perl -0pe "s{\\t}{$&subdir/}" >index &&
 	 git read-tree --empty &&
 	 git update-index -z --index-info <index &&
 	 git commit -m rename &&
@@ -440,4 +445,63 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test bidirectionality' '
+	>marks-cur &&
+	>marks-new &&
+	git init marks-test &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur --branches | \
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-import --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new &&
+	(cd marks-test &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git commit -a -m "back in time") &&
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-export --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new --branches | \
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :13
+data 5
+bump
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :14
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+data 5
+bump
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 file
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid uninteresting refs' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git branch uninteresting &&
+	echo bump > file &&
+	git commit -a -m bump &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks ^uninteresting ^v1.0 master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from :14
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 806623e..3edc408 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git config push.default matching &&
   echo >empty &&
   git add empty &&
   git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@
 Line 0
 =======
 LINE 0
->>>>>>> merge.3
+>>>>>>> merge.1.3
 EOF
 
 for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
@@ -505,6 +506,76 @@
 '
 
 #------------
+# CVS LOG
+#------------
+
+# Known issues with git-cvsserver current log output:
+#  - Hard coded "lines: +2 -3" placeholder, instead of real numbers.
+#  - CVS normally does not internally add a blank first line
+#    nor a last line with nothing but a space to log messages.
+#  - The latest cvs 1.12.x server sends +0000 timezone (with some hidden "MT"
+#    tagging in the protocol), and if cvs 1.12.x client sees the MT tags,
+#    it converts to local time zone.  git-cvsserver doesn't do the +0000
+#    or the MT tags...
+#  - The latest 1.12.x releases add a "commitid:" field on to the end of the
+#    "date:" line (after "lines:").  Maybe we could stick git's commit id
+#    in it?  Or does CVS expect a certain number of bits (too few for
+#    a full sha1)?
+#
+# Given the above, expect the following test to break if git-cvsserver's
+# log output is improved.  The test is just to ensure it doesn't
+# accidentally get worse.
+
+sed -e 's/^x//' -e 's/SP$/ /' > "$WORKDIR/expect" <<EOF
+x
+xRCS file: $WORKDIR/gitcvs.git/master/merge,v
+xWorking file: merge
+xhead: 1.4
+xbranch:
+xlocks: strict
+xaccess list:
+xsymbolic names:
+xkeyword substitution: kv
+xtotal revisions: 4;	selected revisions: 4
+xdescription:
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.4
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (no-op)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.3
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (conflict)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.2
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (merge)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.1
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (pre-merge)
+xSP
+x=============================================================================
+EOF
+expectStat="$?"
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs log' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    test x"$expectStat" = x"0" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs log merge >../out &&
+    sed -e "s%2[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[01][0-9]/[0-3][0-9] [0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]%__DATE__%" ../out > ../actual &&
+    test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+#------------
 # CVS ANNOTATE
 #------------
 
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index ff6d6fb..5a4ed28 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,25 @@
     fi
 }
 
+check_status_options() {
+    (cd "$1" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q status "$2" > "${WORKDIR}/status.out" 2>&1
+    )
+    if [ x"$?" != x"0" ] ; then
+	echo "Error from cvs status: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+	return 1;
+    fi
+    got="$(sed -n -e 's/^[ 	]*Sticky Options:[ 	]*//p' "${WORKDIR}/status.out")"
+    expect="$3"
+    if [ x"$expect" = x"" ] ; then
+	expect="(none)"
+    fi
+    test x"$got" = x"$expect"
+    stat=$?
+    echo "cvs status: $1 $2 $stat '$3' '$got'" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+    return $stat
+}
+
 cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
 if test $? -ne 1
 then
@@ -49,7 +68,7 @@
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
@@ -65,6 +84,7 @@
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config push.default matching &&
     echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
     echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
     mkdir subdir &&
@@ -233,6 +253,22 @@
     marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cvs status - sticky options' '
+    check_status_options cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add text (guess)' '
     (cd cvswork &&
     echo "simpleText" > simpleText.c &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1e266ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver and git refspecs
+
+tests ability for git-cvsserver to switch between and compare
+tags, branches and other git refspecs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#########
+
+check_start_tree() {
+	rm -f "$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	echo "start $1" >>"${WORKDIR}/check.log"
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	sandbox="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	ver="$3"
+	GIT_DIR=$SERVERDIR git show "${ver}:${file}" \
+		>"$WORKDIR/check.got" 2>"$WORKDIR/check.stderr"
+	test_cmp "$WORKDIR/check.got" "$sandbox/$file"
+	stat=$?
+	echo "check_file $sandbox $file $ver : $stat" >>"$WORKDIR/check.log"
+	echo "$file" >>"$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	return $stat
+}
+
+check_end_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print >"$WORKDIR/list.actual" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.actual" | sed -e "s%cvswork/%%" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm expected actual
+}
+
+check_end_full_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print |
+	sed -e "s%$sandbox/%%" | sort >act1 &&
+	test_cmp expected act1 &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r "$2" | sort >act2 &&
+	test_cmp expected act2 &&
+	rm expected act1 act2
+}
+
+#########
+
+check_diff() {
+	diffFile="$1"
+	vOld="$2"
+	vNew="$3"
+	rm -rf diffSandbox
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout "$vOld" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"../$diffFile" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$vNew"
+	) >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+}
+
+#########
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+	test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup v1, b1' '
+	echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+	echo "t2" >t2 &&
+	mkdir adir &&
+	echo "adir/afile line1" >adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line2" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line3" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line4" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/a2file" >>adir/a2file &&
+	mkdir adir/bdir &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 1" >adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 2" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/b2file" >adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	git add textfile.c t2 adir &&
+	git commit -q -m "First Commit (v1)" &&
+	git tag v1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co v1' '
+	cvs -f -Q co -r v1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1 [cvswork3]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork3 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit cvswork3 and save diff' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		sed -e "s/line1/line1 - data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+		echo "afile5" >adir/afile5 &&
+		rm t2 &&
+		cvs -f add adir/afile5 &&
+		cvs -f rm t2 &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup v1.2 on b1' '
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo "new v1.2" >t3 &&
+	rm t2 &&
+	sed -e "s/line3/line3 - more data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+	mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+	rm adir/a2file &&
+	echo "a3file" >>adir/a3file &&
+	echo "bfile line 3" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	echo "b3file" >adir/bdir/b3file &&
+	mkdir cdir &&
+	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
+	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
+	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git tag v1.2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs -f up (on b1 adir)' '
+	( cd cvswork/adir && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# Make sure "CVS/Tag" files didn't get messed up:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /) (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# update to another version:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r v1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r v1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple b2' '
+	git branch b2 v1 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b2 [into cvswork2]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b2 -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir edit [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 && echo "Line 2" >>textfile.c &&
+		! cvs -f diff -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "edit textfile.c" textfile.c
+	) >cvsEdit1.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir rm file [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		cvs -f rm -f t2 &&
+		cvs -f diff -u >../cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "rm t2"
+	) >cvsEdit2.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir edit/add/rm files [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		sed -e "s/line 1/line 1 (v2)/" adir/bdir/bfile >adir/bdir/bfileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/bdir/bfileNEW adir/bdir/bfile &&
+		rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+		cd adir &&
+		cvs -f rm bdir/b2file &&
+		echo "4th file" >bdir/b4file &&
+		cvs -f add bdir/b4file &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+		(
+		  cd .. &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff" &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 -r v1 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff"
+		) &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "various add/rm/edit"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate result of edits [cvswork2]' '
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	git tag v2 b2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate basic diffs saved during above cvswork2 edits' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit1.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit2-N.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3.diff | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	rm -rf diffSandbox &&
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --directory=adir --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code v2
+	) >"check_diff_apply.out" 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff v1.2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 v1 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff v1.2 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up [cvswork2]' '
+	( cd cvswork2 && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b2 [back to cvswork]' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -A' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -A ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+# This is not really legal CVS, but it seems to work anyway:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads/b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads/b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+# But this should work even if CVS client checks -r more carefully:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads_-s-b2 (cvsserver escape mechanism)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads_-s-b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+v1hash=$(git rev-parse v1)
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r $(git rev-parse v1)' '
+	test -n "$v1hash" &&
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r "$v1hash" ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -r v1 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f diff -r v1 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsDiff.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1.2 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply early [cvswork3] diff to b3' '
+	git clone -q . gitwork3 &&
+	(
+		cd gitwork3 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff" &&
+		git commit -m "cvswork3 edits applied"
+	) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3 b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check [cvswork3] diff' '
+	( cd cvswork3 && ! cvs -f diff -N -u ) >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out" 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_cmp cvsDiff.out cvswork3edit.diff &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v1 v3 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early [cvswork3] b3 with b1' '
+	( cd gitwork3 && git merge "message" HEAD b1 ) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3merged b3 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b3:b3
+'
+
+# This test would fail if cvsserver properly created a ".#afile"* file
+# for the merge.
+# TODO: Validate that the .# file was saved properly, and then
+#   delete/ignore it when checking the tree.
+test_expect_success 'cvs up dirty [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f up &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged
+'
+
+# TODO: test cvs status
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs commit [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "dirty sandbox after auto-merge"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged &&
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b3:b4 &&
+	git tag v4.1 b4 &&
+	git diff --exit-code v4.1 v3merged >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 90bb605..e74b9ab 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@
 	 git commit -a -m "File renamed." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'commitdiff(0): file to symlink' \
 	'rm renamed_file &&
-	 ln -s file renamed_file &&
+	 test_ln_s_add file renamed_file &&
 	 git commit -a -m "File to symlink." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
@@ -212,15 +212,14 @@
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # commitdiff testing (taken from t4114-apply-typechange.sh)
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup typechange commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup typechange commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	rm -f foo &&
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@
 	 git add b &&
 	 git commit -a -m "On branch" &&
 	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull . b &&
+	 git merge b &&
 	 git tag merge_commit'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -361,11 +360,7 @@
 	 echo "Changed" >> 04-rename-to &&
 	 test_chmod +x 05-mode-change &&
 	 rm -f 06-file-or-symlink &&
-	 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s 01-change 06-file-or-symlink
-	 else
-		printf %s 01-change > 06-file-or-symlink
-	 fi &&
+	 test_ln_s_add 01-change 06-file-or-symlink &&
 	 echo "Changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
 	 test_chmod +x 07-change-mode-change &&
 	 git commit -a -m "Large commit" &&
@@ -539,8 +534,7 @@
 	 test_when_finished "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"C O Mitter\"" &&
 	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
 	 git add file &&
-	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
-	 test_when_finished "git config --unset i18n.commitencoding" &&
+	 test_config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
 
@@ -689,9 +683,11 @@
 # syntax highlighting
 
 
-highlight --version >/dev/null 2>&1
+highlight_version=$(highlight --version </dev/null 2>/dev/null)
 if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping syntax highlighting test, because 'highlight' was not found"
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: 'highlight' not found"
+elif test -z "$highlight_version"; then
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: incorrect 'highlight' found"
 else
 	test_set_prereq HIGHLIGHT
 	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index ef86948..d3a5bac 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -138,7 +139,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -153,7 +155,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
@@ -161,7 +164,8 @@
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
@@ -170,7 +174,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: tree snapshot' '
 	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^{tree}` &&
-	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
 	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
index 3a8e7d3..86dfee2 100755
--- a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	echo "basename=$basename"
 	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
-	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+	! grep -v -e "^$prefix$" -e "^$prefix/" -e "^pax_global_header$" file_list
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
diff --git a/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fd5142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cvsimport timestamps'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+setup_cvs_test_repository t9604
+
+test_expect_success 'check timestamps are UTC (TZ=CST6CDT)' '
+
+	TZ=CST6CDT git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-1 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai"
+	) >actual-1 &&
+	cat >expect-1 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 07:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 06:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 08:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 07:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 12 2005-12-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 11 2005-11-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 10 2005-10-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  8 2005-08-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  7 2005-07-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  6 2005-06-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  4 2005-04-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  3 2005-03-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  2 2005-02-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-1 expect-1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check timestamps with author-specific timezones' '
+
+	cat >cvs-authors <<-EOF &&
+	user1=User One <user1@domain.org>
+	user2=User Two <user2@domain.org> CST6CDT
+	user3=User Three <user3@domain.org> EST5EDT
+	user4=User Four <user4@domain.org> MST7MDT
+	EOF
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -A cvs-authors -C module-2 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-2 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai %an"
+	) >actual-2 &&
+	cat >expect-2 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 01:00:01 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 01:59:59 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 03:00:01 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 01:59:59 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 12 2005-11-30 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev 11 2005-10-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev 10 2005-09-30 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  8 2005-07-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Four
+	Rev  7 2005-06-30 20:00:00 -0400 User Three
+	Rev  6 2005-05-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  4 2005-03-31 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev  3 2005-02-28 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev  2 2005-01-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Two
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-2 expect-2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562b12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80658c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+head	1.16;
+access;
+symbols;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.16
+date	2006.10.29.07.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.15;
+
+1.15
+date	2006.10.29.06.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.14;
+
+1.14
+date	2006.04.02.08.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.13;
+
+1.13
+date	2006.04.02.07.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.12;
+
+1.12
+date	2005.12.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.11;
+
+1.11
+date	2005.11.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.10;
+
+1.10
+date	2005.10.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.9;
+
+1.9
+date	2005.09.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.8;
+
+1.8
+date	2005.08.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.7;
+
+1.7
+date	2005.07.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.6;
+
+1.6
+date	2005.06.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.5;
+
+1.5
+date	2005.05.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.4;
+
+1.4
+date	2005.04.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.3;
+
+1.3
+date	2005.03.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2005.02.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2005.01.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.16
+log
+@Rev 16
+@
+text
+@Rev 16
+@
+
+
+1.15
+log
+@Rev 15
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 15
+@
+
+
+1.14
+log
+@Rev 14
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 14
+@
+
+
+1.13
+log
+@Rev 13
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 13
+@
+
+
+1.12
+log
+@Rev 12
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 12
+@
+
+
+1.11
+log
+@Rev 11
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 11
+@
+
+
+1.10
+log
+@Rev 10
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 10
+@
+
+
+1.9
+log
+@Rev  9
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 9
+@
+
+
+1.8
+log
+@Rev  8
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 8
+@
+
+
+1.7
+log
+@Rev  7
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 7
+@
+
+
+1.6
+log
+@Rev  6
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 6
+@
+
+
+1.5
+log
+@Rev  5
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 5
+@
+
+
+1.4
+log
+@Rev  4
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 4
+@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Rev  3
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 3
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Rev  2
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Rev  1
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+Rev 1
+@
diff --git a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
index 435d896..102c133 100755
--- a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
+++ b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 3b9b484..1140767 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@
 # Failure cases for config:
 # Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
 # "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
-open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
-eval { $r->config("test.dupstring") };
-ok($@, "config: duplicate entry in scalar context fails");
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR";
+open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null" or die "cannot redirect STDERR to /dev/null";
+is($r->config("test.dupstring"), "value2", "config: multivar");
 eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
 ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
 open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
index b7ad716..665607c 100755
--- a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'depot typo error' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" /depot 2>errs &&
+	grep "Depot paths must start with" errs
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git p4 clone @all' '
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -143,15 +148,29 @@
 	! test_i18ngrep Traceback errs
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone bare' '
+# Hide a file from p4d, make sure we catch its complaint.  This won't fail in
+# p4 changes, files, or describe; just in p4 print.  If P4CLIENT is unset, the
+# message will include "Librarian checkout".
+test_expect_success 'exit gracefully for p4 server errors' '
+	test_when_finished "mv \"$db\"/depot/file1,v,hidden \"$db\"/depot/file1,v" &&
+	mv "$db"/depot/file1,v "$db"/depot/file1,v,hidden &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@1 >out 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Error from p4 print" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare should make a bare repository' '
 	rm -rf "$git" &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test ! -d .git &&
-		bare=`git config --get core.bare` &&
-		test "$bare" = true
+		test_path_is_missing .git &&
+		git config --get --bool core.bare true &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 	)
 '
 
@@ -172,6 +191,18 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'unresolvable host in P4PORT should display error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		P4PORT=nosuchhost:65537 &&
+		export P4PORT &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 sync >out 2>err &&
+		grep "connect to nosuchhost" err
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index 9730821..2bf142d 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -469,9 +469,11 @@
 		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/...
 		EOF
 
-		echo b3/b3-file3 >b3/b3-file3 &&
-		p4 add b3/b3-file3 &&
-		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3"
+		echo b3/b3-file3_1 >b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		echo b3/b3-file3_2 >b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3_1 b3/b3-file3_2"
 	)
 '
 
@@ -487,6 +489,21 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips files in branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/b3-file3_1 //client/b3/b3-file3_1" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b3 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b3-file3_2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b3-file3_1
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
index 21924df..a82744b 100755
--- a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
+++ b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,123 @@
 	start_p4d
 '
 
+#
+# This series of tests checks newline handling  Both p4 and
+# git store newlines as \n, and have options to choose how
+# newlines appear in checked-out files.
+#
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, unix' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "unix\ncrlf\n" >f-unix &&
+		printf "unix\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-unix &&
+		p4 submit -d f-unix &&
+
+		# LineEnd: unix; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-unix f-unix-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appended newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-unix | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-unix-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to win, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-as-crlf f-unix
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, win' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "win\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-win &&
+		printf "win\ncrlf\n" >f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-win &&
+		p4 submit -d f-win &&
+
+		# LineEnd: win; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-win f-win-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-orig f-win &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-win | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-win-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to unix, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure blobs store only lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+
+		# verify the files in .git are stored only with newlines
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-unix | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-unix-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix-blob &&
+
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-win | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-win-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win-blob &&
+
+		rm f-unix-blob f-win-blob
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=lf produces lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=lf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=crlf produces crlf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-as-crlf f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-orig f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'crlf cleanup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm f-unix-orig f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		rm f-win-orig f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -105,12 +222,13 @@
 	cat >gendouble.py <<-\EOF
 	import sys
 	import struct
-	import array
 
-	s = array.array("c", '\0' * 26)
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  0, 0x00051607)  # AppleDouble
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  4, 0x00020000)  # version 2
-	s.tofile(sys.stdout)
+	s = struct.pack(">LL18s",
+			0x00051607,  # AppleDouble
+			0x00020000,  # version 2
+			""           # pad to 26 bytes
+	)
+	sys.stdout.write(s)
 	EOF
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
index fa40cc8..254d428 100755
--- a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
+++ b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
@@ -27,14 +27,102 @@
 	test_must_fail git p4 clone --git-dir=xx //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone --branch' '
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch should checkout master' '
 	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git ls-files >files &&
-		test_line_count = 0 files &&
-		test_path_is_file .git/refs/remotes/p4/sb
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse refs/heads/master >master &&
+		test_cmp sb master &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >head &&
+		test_cmp sb head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync when no master branch prints a nice error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot@2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>err &&
+		grep "Error: no branch refs/remotes/p4/master" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch builds the full ref name correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b1 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=p4/b2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=h1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h1 &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=p4/h2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/stuff //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/stuff
+	)
+'
+
+# engages --detect-branches code, which will do filename filtering so
+# no sync to either b1 or b2
+test_expect_success 'sync when two branches but no master should noop' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch updates specific branch, no detection' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "change 3" show
+	)
+'
+
+# allows using the refname "p4" as a short name for p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master >master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp master p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp sb p4
 	)
 '
 
@@ -126,37 +214,58 @@
 		exec >/dev/null &&
 		test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
 	) &&
-	cli2=$(test-path-utils real_path "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2") &&
+	# build a different client
+	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
 	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
 	test_when_finished "rmdir \"$cli2\"" &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli2" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client2
-		Description: client2
-		Root: $cli2
-		View: //depot/sub/... //client2/bus/...
-		EOF
-	) &&
-	P4CLIENT=client2 &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
 	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
-	) &&
-	cleanup_git &&
+		# group P4CLIENT and cli changes in a sub-shell
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/sub/... //client2/bus/..." &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		) &&
+		cleanup_git &&
+		# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git init &&
+			git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+			git p4 sync //depot/... &&
+			git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		)
+	)
+'
 
-	# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+test_expect_success 'submit works with no p4/master' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git init &&
-		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
-		git p4 sync //depot/... &&
-		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
+		test_commit submit-1-branch &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --branch=b1
+	)
+'
+
+# The sync/rebase part post-submit will engage detect-branches
+# machinery which will not do anything in this particular test.
+test_expect_success 'submit works with two branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@1,3 &&
+		test_commit submit-2-branches &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
index 0ae048f..1fb7bc7 100755
--- a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
+++ b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'is_cli_file_writeable function' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		is_cli_file_writeable a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file1 &&
+		rm a
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file file5.ta &&
-		test ! -w file5.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file5.ta
 	)
 '
 
@@ -219,7 +229,7 @@
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing file6.t &&
 		test_path_is_file file6.ta &&
-		test ! -w file6.ta
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file6.ta
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
index dc92e60..11d2b51 100755
--- a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
+++ b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
@@ -42,6 +42,47 @@
 	)
 '
 
+# Common setup using .p4config to set P4CLIENT and P4PORT breaks
+# if clone destination is relative.  Make sure that chdir() expands
+# the relative path in --dest to absolute.
+test_expect_success 'p4 client root would be relative due to clone --dest' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		echo P4PORT=$P4PORT >git/.p4config &&
+		P4CONFIG=.p4config &&
+		export P4CONFIG &&
+		unset P4PORT &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# When the p4 client Root is a symlink, make sure chdir() does not use
+# getcwd() to convert it to a physical path.
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'p4 client root symlink should stay symbolic' '
+	physical="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/physical" &&
+	symbolic="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$physical\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm \"$symbolic\"" &&
+	mkdir -p "$physical" &&
+	ln -s "$physical" "$symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CLIENT=client-sym &&
+		p4 client -i <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $symbolic
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View: //depot/... //$P4CLIENT/...
+		EOF
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
index 281be29..77f6349 100755
--- a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
+++ b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'overlay wildcard' '
 	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
-		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/...\n" &&
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/..." &&
 	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21 cli/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file11a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file11a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing dir1/file13 &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a &&
-		test ! -w dir1/file13a
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file13a
 	)
 '
 
@@ -365,7 +365,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo git-wild-hash >dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo git-wild-at >dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		echo git-wild-percent >dir1/git-wild%percent &&
 		git add dir1/git-wild* &&
@@ -376,7 +379,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild%percent
 	) &&
diff --git a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
index 0c2fc3e..8134ab4 100755
--- a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
+++ b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@
 		line7
 		line8
 		EOF
-		cp filek fileko &&
-		sed -i "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" fileko
-		cp fileko file_text &&
-		sed -i "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" file_text
+		sed "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" <filek >fileko &&
+		sed "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" <fileko >file_text &&
 		p4 add -t text+k filek &&
 		p4 submit -d "filek" &&
 		p4 add -t text+ko fileko &&
@@ -88,7 +86,8 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line7/line7 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line7/line7 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line7 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line4 edit" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "/Revision/d" filek &&
+		sed "/Revision/d" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek remove Revision line" filek &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
@@ -139,7 +140,8 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" fileko &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <fileko >fileko.tmp &&
+		mv -f fileko.tmp fileko &&
 		git commit -m "fileko line4 edit" fileko &&
 		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_ko_check fileko &&
@@ -189,12 +191,14 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" file_text &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+		mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 		git commit -m "file_text line4 edit" file_text &&
 		(
 			cd "$cli" &&
 			p4 open file_text &&
-			sed -i "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" file_text &&
+			sed "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+			mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 			p4 submit -d "file5 p4 edit"
 		) &&
 		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
@@ -259,7 +263,7 @@
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
 		(cd "$cli" && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
 		old_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
-		"$PERL_PATH" -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
+		perl -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
 		new_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
 		test $new_lines = $(($old_lines - 1)) &&
 
diff --git a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
index 143d413..6763325 100755
--- a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
+++ b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 		printf "file2\nhas\nsome\nrandom\ntext\n" >file2 &&
 		p4 add file2 &&
 		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
-		echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
 		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
 		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
@@ -28,7 +31,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test -f file-wild#hash &&
-		test -f file-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test -f file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test -f file-wild@at &&
 		test -f file-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -40,7 +46,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
-		echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
 		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
 		git add git-wild* &&
@@ -51,7 +60,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_file git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -63,7 +75,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
-		echo new-line >>git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo new-line >>git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
 		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
 		git add git-wild* &&
@@ -74,7 +89,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
-		test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
 		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
 	)
@@ -87,7 +105,7 @@
 		cd "$git" &&
 		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
 		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
-		cp git-wild\*star file-wild-3 &&
+		cp git-wild#hash file-wild-3 &&
 		git add file-wild-3 &&
 		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
 		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
@@ -134,7 +152,10 @@
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
-		test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star &&
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
 		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
index 3bf1224..be802e0 100755
--- a/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
@@ -199,6 +199,41 @@
 	)
 '
 
+# See if configurables can be set, and in particular if the run.move.allow
+# variable exists, which allows admins to disable the "p4 move" command.
+test_expect_success 'p4 configure command and run.move.allow are available' '
+	p4 configure show run.move.allow >out ; retval=$? &&
+	test $retval = 0 &&
+	{
+		egrep ^run.move.allow: out &&
+		test_set_prereq P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW ||
+		true
+	} || true
+'
+
+# If move can be disabled, turn it off and test p4 move handling
+test_expect_success P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW \
+		    'do not use p4 move when administratively disabled' '
+	test_when_finished "p4 configure set run.move.allow=1" &&
+	p4 configure set run.move.allow=0 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo move-disallow-file >move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 add move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 submit -d "add move-disallow-file"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv move-disallow-file move-disallow-file-moved &&
+		git commit -m "move move-disallow-file" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
index d2b7b3d..1243d96 100755
--- a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
+++ b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
@@ -405,8 +405,8 @@
 	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		chmod u+x text &&
-		chmod u-x text+x &&
+		test_chmod +x text &&
+		test_chmod -x text+x &&
 		git add text text+x &&
 		git commit -m "chmod texts" &&
 		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
@@ -415,10 +415,13 @@
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_file text &&
 		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
-		stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
 		test_path_is_file text+x &&
 		! p4 fstat -T action text+x &&
-		stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		if test_have_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
+		then
+			stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
+			stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		fi
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9902-completion.sh b/t/t9902-completion.sh
index cbd0fb6..2d4beb5 100755
--- a/t/t9902-completion.sh
+++ b/t/t9902-completion.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,25 @@
 	return 0
 }
 
+# Be careful when updating this list:
+#
+# (1) The build tree may have build artifact from different branch, or
+#     the user's $PATH may have a random executable that may begin
+#     with "git-check" that are not part of the subcommands this build
+#     will ship, e.g.  "check-ignore".  The tests for completion for
+#     subcommand names tests how "check" is expanded; we limit the
+#     possible candidates to "checkout" and "check-attr" to make sure
+#     "check-attr", which is known by the filter function as a
+#     subcommand to be thrown out, while excluding other random files
+#     that happen to begin with "check" to avoid letting them get in
+#     the way.
+#
+# (2) A test makes sure that common subcommands are included in the
+#     completion for "git <TAB>", and a plumbing is excluded.  "add",
+#     "filter-branch" and "ls-files" are listed for this.
+
+GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION='add checkout check-attr filter-branch ls-files'
+
 . "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash"
 
 # We don't need this function to actually join words or do anything special.
@@ -50,113 +69,281 @@
 	local -a COMPREPLY _words
 	local _cword
 	_words=( $1 )
+	test "${1: -1}" = ' ' && _words[${#_words[@]}+1]=''
 	(( _cword = ${#_words[@]} - 1 ))
 	__git_wrap__git_main && print_comp
 }
 
+# Test high-level completion
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: typed text so far (cur)
+# 2: expected completion
 test_completion ()
 {
-	test $# -gt 1 && echo "$2" > expected
-	run_completion "$@" &&
+	if test $# -gt 1
+	then
+		printf '%s\n' "$2" >expected
+	else
+		sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected
+	fi &&
+	run_completion "$1" &&
 	test_cmp expected out
 }
 
-# Like test_completion, but reads expectation from stdin,
-# which is convenient when it is multiline. We also process "_" into
-# spaces to make test vectors more readable.
-test_completion_long ()
+# Test __gitcomp.
+# The first argument is the typed text so far (cur); the rest are
+# passed to __gitcomp.  Expected output comes is read from the
+# standard input, like test_completion().
+test_gitcomp ()
 {
-	tr _ " " >expected &&
-	test_completion "$1"
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
 }
 
-newline=$'\n'
+# Test __gitcomp_nl
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: current word (cur)
+# -: the rest are passed to __gitcomp_nl
+test_gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp_nl "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+invalid_variable_name='${foo.bar}'
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for __gitdir tests' '
+	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
+	git init otherrepo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - repo as argument' '
+	echo "otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "otherrepo" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - remote as argument' '
+	echo "remote" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "remote" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo ".git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
+	echo "." >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '__gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
+	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+	(
+		cd link &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - not a git repository' '
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - options' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "--re" "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
+		--reset-author" <<-EOF
 	--reuse-message=Z
 	--reedit-message=Z
 	--reset-author Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="--re" &&
-		__gitcomp "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
-				--reset-author" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - config keys' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "br" "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
+		branch.autosetuprebase browser." <<-\EOF
 	branch.Z
 	branch.autosetupmerge Z
 	branch.autosetuprebase Z
 	browser.Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="br" &&
-		__gitcomp "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
-				branch.autosetuprebase browser." &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - option parameter' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "--strategy=re" "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree" \
+		"" "re" <<-\EOF
 	recursive Z
 	resolve Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="--strategy=re" &&
-		__gitcomp "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree
-			" "" "re" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - prefix' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" \
+		"branch.maint." "me" <<-\EOF
 	branch.maint.merge Z
 	branch.maint.mergeoptions Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="branch.me" &&
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase
-			" "branch.maint." "me" &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
 '
 
 test_expect_success '__gitcomp - suffix' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "master maint next pu" "branch." \
+		"ma" "." <<-\EOF
 	branch.master.Z
 	branch.maint.Z
 	EOF
-	(
-		local -a COMPREPLY &&
-		cur="branch.me" &&
-		__gitcomp "master maint next pu
-			" "branch." "ma" "." &&
-		IFS="$newline" &&
-		echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected out
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+read -r -d "" refs <<-\EOF
+maint
+master
+next
+pu
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - trailing space' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "m" "$refs" <<-EOF
+	maint Z
+	master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "--fixup=m" "$refs" "--fixup=" "m" <<-EOF
+	--fixup=maint Z
+	--fixup=master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "branch.ma" "$refs" "branch." "ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.Z
+	branch.master.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - no suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "ma" "$refs" "" "ma" "" <<-\EOF
+	maintZ
+	masterZ
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp_nl "$invalid_variable_name"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'basic' '
-	run_completion "git \"\"" &&
+	run_completion "git " &&
 	# built-in
 	grep -q "^add \$" out &&
 	# script
@@ -169,7 +356,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'double dash "git" itself' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git --" <<-\EOF
 	--paginate Z
 	--no-pager Z
 	--git-dir=
@@ -178,17 +365,17 @@
 	--exec-path Z
 	--exec-path=
 	--html-path Z
+	--man-path Z
 	--info-path Z
 	--work-tree=
 	--namespace=
 	--no-replace-objects Z
 	--help Z
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git --"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'double dash "git checkout"' '
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git checkout --" <<-\EOF
 	--quiet Z
 	--ours Z
 	--theirs Z
@@ -199,17 +386,15 @@
 	--orphan Z
 	--patch Z
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git checkout --"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'general options' '
 	test_completion "git --ver" "--version " &&
 	test_completion "git --hel" "--help " &&
-	sed -e "s/Z$//" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	test_completion "git --exe" <<-\EOF &&
 	--exec-path Z
 	--exec-path=
 	EOF
-	test_completion "git --exe" &&
 	test_completion "git --htm" "--html-path " &&
 	test_completion "git --pag" "--paginate " &&
 	test_completion "git --no-p" "--no-pager " &&
@@ -226,7 +411,6 @@
 	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --git-dir=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --bare check" "checkout " &&
-	test_completion "git --help des" "describe " &&
 	test_completion "git --exec-path=foo check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --html-path check" "checkout " &&
 	test_completion "git --no-pager check" "checkout " &&
@@ -237,6 +421,11 @@
 	test_completion "git --no-replace-objects check" "checkout "
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git --help completion' '
+	test_completion "git --help ad" "add " &&
+	test_completion "git --help core" "core-tutorial "
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup for ref completion' '
 	echo content >file1 &&
 	echo more >file2 &&
@@ -247,25 +436,25 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout completes ref names' '
-	test_completion_long "git checkout m" <<-\EOF
-	master_
-	mybranch_
-	mytag_
+	test_completion "git checkout m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
 	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show completes all refs' '
-	test_completion_long "git show m" <<-\EOF
-	master_
-	mybranch_
-	mytag_
+	test_completion "git show m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
 	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success '<ref>: completes paths' '
-	test_completion_long "git show mytag:f" <<-\EOF
-	file1_
-	file2_
+	test_completion "git show mytag:f" <<-\EOF
+	file1 Z
+	file2 Z
 	EOF
 '
 
@@ -273,19 +462,101 @@
 	echo content >"name with spaces" &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m spaces &&
-	test_completion_long "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
-	name with spaces_
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with spaces Z
 	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
 	echo content >"name with \${meta}" &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m meta &&
-	test_completion_long "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
-	name with ${meta}_
-	name with spaces_
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with ${meta} Z
+	name with spaces Z
 	EOF
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'send-email' '
+	test_completion "git send-email --cov" "--cover-letter " &&
+	test_completion "git send-email ma" "master "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete files' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	echo "expected" > .gitignore &&
+	echo "out" >> .gitignore &&
+
+	git add .gitignore &&
+	test_completion "git commit " ".gitignore" &&
+
+	git commit -m ignore &&
+
+	touch new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "new" &&
+
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "" &&
+
+	git mv new modified &&
+	echo modify > modified &&
+	test_completion "git add " "modified" &&
+
+	touch untracked &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git rm " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git clean " "untracked" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	mkdir dir &&
+	touch dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git add dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git commit -m dir &&
+
+	mkdir untracked-dir &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv modified " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	untracked
+	untracked-dir
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git commit " "modified" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git ls-files " <<-\EOF
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	touch momified &&
+	test_completion "git add mom" "momified"
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'complete with tilde expansion' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	touch ~/tmp/file &&
+
+	test_completion "git add ~/tmp/" "~/tmp/file"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
index f17c1f8..59f875e 100755
--- a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
+++ b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
@@ -10,446 +10,581 @@
 . "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh"
 
 actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+c_red='\\[\\e[31m\\]'
+c_green='\\[\\e[32m\\]'
+c_lblue='\\[\\e[1;34m\\]'
+c_clear='\\[\\e[0m\\]'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for prompt tests' '
-	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
 	git init otherrepo &&
-	echo 1 > file &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag -a -m msg1 t1 &&
 	git checkout -b b1 &&
-	echo 2 > file &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
 	git commit -m "second b1" file &&
-	echo 3 > file &&
+	echo 3 >file &&
 	git commit -m "third b1" file &&
 	git tag -a -m msg2 t2 &&
 	git checkout -b b2 master &&
-	echo 0 > file &&
+	echo 0 >file &&
 	git commit -m "second b2" file &&
+	echo 00 >file &&
+	git commit -m "another b2" file &&
+	echo 000 >file &&
+	git commit -m "yet another b2" file &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - repo as argument' '
-	echo "otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	__gitdir "otherrepo" > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - remote as argument' '
-	echo "remote" > expected &&
-	__gitdir "remote" > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
-	echo ".git" > expected &&
-	__gitdir > "$actual" &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
-	echo "." > expected &&
-	(
-		cd .git &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		cd .git/refs/heads &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		cd subdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
-	(
-		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail __gitdir
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
-	(
-		cd subdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	echo "gitdir: $TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > subdir/.git &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
-	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" > expected &&
-	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
-	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
-	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
-	(
-		cd link &&
-		__gitdir > "$actual"
-	) &&
-	test_cmp expected "$actual"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'gitdir - not a git repository' '
-	(
-		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
-		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
-		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
-		test_must_fail __gitdir
-	)
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prompt - branch name - symlink symref' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_config core.preferSymlinkRefs true &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - unborn branch' '
+	printf " (unborn)" >expected &&
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+repo_with_newline='repo
+with
+newline'
+
+if mkdir "$repo_with_newline" 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
+else
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow newlines in filenames.'
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES 'prompt - with newline in path' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	git init "$repo_with_newline" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$repo_with_newline\"" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_with_newline"/subdir &&
+	(
+		cd "$repo_with_newline/subdir" &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - detached head' '
-	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" --abbrev=13 b1^) >expected &&
+	test_config core.abbrev 13 &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - contains' '
-	printf " ((t2~1))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((t2~1))" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=contains &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - branch' '
-	printf " ((b1~1))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((b1~1))" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - describe' '
-	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) > expected &&
+	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
 	git checkout b1^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=describe &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - default' '
-	printf " ((t2))" > expected &&
+	printf " ((t2))" >expected &&
 	git checkout --detach b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - deep inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		cd .git/refs/heads &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - inside bare repository' '
-	printf " (BARE:master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (BARE:master)" >expected &&
 	git init --bare bare.git &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
 	(
 		cd bare.git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - interactive rebase' '
-	printf " (b1|REBASE-i)" > expected
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
-	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
-echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" > "$1"
-EOF
+	printf " (b1|REBASE-i 2/3)" >expected
+	write_script fake_editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "exec echo" >"$1"
+		echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" >>"$1"
+		echo "exec echo" >>"$1"
+	EOF
 	test_when_finished "rm -f fake_editor.sh" &&
-	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake_editor.sh" &&
 	git checkout b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort"
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase merge' '
-	printf " (b2|REBASE-m)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b2|REBASE-m 1/3)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --merge b1 b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase' '
-	printf " ((t2)|REBASE)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b2|REBASE 1/3)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase b1 b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - merge' '
-	printf " (b1|MERGING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (b1|MERGING)" >expected &&
 	git checkout b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge b2 &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - cherry-pick' '
-	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" >expected &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick b1 &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - bisect' '
-	printf " (master|BISECTING)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master|BISECTING)" >expected &&
 	git bisect start &&
 	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
-	__git_ps1 > "$actual" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - clean' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
-	printf " (master *)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
-	printf " (master +)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (master +)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	git add -u &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
-	printf " (master *+)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty index" > file &&
+	printf " (master *+)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	git add -u &&
-	echo "dirty worktree" > file &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
-	printf " (master #)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master #)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
 		cd otherrepo &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - disabled by config' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
-	echo "dirty" > file &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - no stash' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - stash' '
-	printf " (master $)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master $)" >expected &&
 	echo 2 >file &&
 	git stash &&
 	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	echo 2 >file &&
 	git stash &&
 	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - no untracked files' '
-	printf " (master)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
 		cd otherrepo &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files' '
-	printf " (master %%)" > expected &&
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
-	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" > expected &&
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
 	(
 		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
 		cd .git &&
-		__git_ps1 > "$actual"
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prompt - format string starting with dash' '
-	printf -- "-master" > expected &&
-	__git_ps1 "-%s" > "$actual" &&
+	printf -- "-master" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 "-%s" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (master):AFTER" >expected &&
+	printf "" >expected_output &&
+	(
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected_output "$actual" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - branch name' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - detached head' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_red}(%s...)${c_clear}):AFTER" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_green}#${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - inside .git directory' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}GIT_DIR!${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - stash status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_lblue}\$${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - untracked files status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}master${c_clear} ${c_red}%%${c_clear}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - zsh color pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (%%F{green}master%%f):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		ZSH_VERSION=5.0.0 &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expected "$actual"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 8889ba5..2f79146 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@
 }
 
 nul_to_q () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
+	perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
 }
 
 q_to_nul () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
+	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
 }
 
 q_to_cr () {
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@
 	tr Q '\011'
 }
 
+qz_to_tab_space () {
+	tr QZ '\011\040'
+}
+
 append_cr () {
 	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
 }
@@ -135,12 +139,12 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]"
 #
 # This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
-# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
+# message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
 #
-# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
+# <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
 
 test_commit () {
 	notick= &&
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@
 		test_tick
 	fi &&
 	git commit $signoff -m "$1" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+	git tag "${4:-$1}"
 }
 
 # Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
@@ -275,6 +279,15 @@
 
 	for prerequisite
 	do
+		case "$prerequisite" in
+		!*)
+			negative_prereq=t
+			prerequisite=${prerequisite#!}
+			;;
+		*)
+			negative_prereq=
+		esac
+
 		case " $lazily_tested_prereq " in
 		*" $prerequisite "*)
 			;;
@@ -294,10 +307,20 @@
 		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
 		case "$satisfied_prereq" in
 		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case "$satisfied_this_prereq,$negative_prereq" in
+		t,|,t)
 			ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
 			;;
 		*)
-			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites
+			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites; restore
+			# the negative marker if necessary.
+			prerequisite=${negative_prereq:+!}$prerequisite
 			if test -z "$missing_prereq"
 			then
 				missing_prereq=$prerequisite
@@ -320,6 +343,7 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_failure () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
@@ -334,10 +358,11 @@
 			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 test_expect_success () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -352,7 +377,7 @@
 			test_failure_ "$@"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
@@ -517,6 +542,9 @@
 	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
 		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code = 126; then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
@@ -583,6 +611,25 @@
 	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
 }
 
+# Check if the file expected to be empty is indeed empty, and barfs
+# otherwise.
+
+test_must_be_empty () {
+	if test -s "$1"
+	then
+		echo "'$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		cat "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
 # Print a sequence of numbers or letters in increasing order.  This is
 # similar to GNU seq(1), but the latter might not be available
 # everywhere (and does not do letters).  It may be used like:
@@ -601,7 +648,7 @@
 	2)	;;
 	*)	error "bug in the test script: not 1 or 2 parameters to test_seq" ;;
 	esac
-	"$PERL_PATH" -le 'print for $ARGV[0]..$ARGV[1]' -- "$@"
+	perl -le 'print for $ARGV[0]..$ARGV[1]' -- "$@"
 }
 
 # This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
@@ -646,3 +693,90 @@
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
 	) || exit
 }
+
+# This function helps on symlink challenged file systems when it is not
+# important that the file system entry is a symbolic link.
+# Use test_ln_s_add instead of "ln -s x y && git add y" to add a
+# symbolic link entry y to the index.
+
+test_ln_s_add () {
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
+		git update-index --add "$2"
+	else
+		printf '%s' "$1" >"$2" &&
+		ln_s_obj=$(git hash-object -w "$2") &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 120000 $ln_s_obj "$2"
+	fi
+}
+
+perl () {
+	command "$PERL_PATH" "$@"
+}
+
+# The following mingw_* functions obey POSIX shell syntax, but are actually
+# bash scripts, and are meant to be used only with bash on Windows.
+
+# A test_cmp function that treats LF and CRLF equal and avoids to fork
+# diff when possible.
+mingw_test_cmp () {
+	# Read text into shell variables and compare them. If the results
+	# are different, use regular diff to report the difference.
+	local test_cmp_a= test_cmp_b=
+
+	# When text came from stdin (one argument is '-') we must feed it
+	# to diff.
+	local stdin_for_diff=
+
+	# Since it is difficult to detect the difference between an
+	# empty input file and a failure to read the files, we go straight
+	# to diff if one of the inputs is empty.
+	if test -s "$1" && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# regular case: both files non-empty
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+	elif test -s "$1" && test "$2" = -
+	then
+		# read 2nd file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_b"'
+	elif test "$1" = - && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# read 1st file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_a"'
+	fi
+	test -n "$test_cmp_a" &&
+	test -n "$test_cmp_b" &&
+	test "$test_cmp_a" = "$test_cmp_b" ||
+	eval "diff -u \"\$@\" $stdin_for_diff"
+}
+
+# $1 is the name of the shell variable to fill in
+mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ () {
+	# Read line-wise using LF as the line separator
+	# and use IFS to strip CR.
+	local line
+	while :
+	do
+		if IFS=$'\r' read -r -d $'\n' line
+		then
+			# good
+			line=$line$'\n'
+		else
+			# we get here at EOF, but also if the last line
+			# was not terminated by LF; in the latter case,
+			# some text was read
+			if test -z "$line"
+			then
+				# EOF, really
+				break
+			fi
+		fi
+		eval "$1=\$$1\$line"
+	done
+}
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 489bc80..b25249e 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
 	# do not redirect again
 	;;
 *' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
-	mkdir -p test-results
-	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
+	mkdir -p "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	BASE="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"
 	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL_PATH} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
 	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
 	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
@@ -85,12 +85,14 @@
 		.*_TEST
 		PROVE
 		VALGRIND
-		PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER
+		UNZIP
+		PERF_
 	));
 	my @vars = grep(/^GIT_/ && !/^GIT_($ok)/o, @env);
 	print join("\n", @vars);
 ')
 unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+unset GITPERLLIB
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@
 unset CDPATH
 
 unset GREP_OPTIONS
+unset UNZIP
 
 case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
 1|2|true)
@@ -182,6 +185,9 @@
 		help=t; shift ;;
 	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
 		verbose=t; shift ;;
+	--verbose-only=*)
+		verbose_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
 		# Ignore --quiet under a TAP::Harness. Saying how many tests
 		# passed without the ok/not ok details is always an error.
@@ -191,7 +197,14 @@
 	--no-color)
 		color=; shift ;;
 	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
-		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+		valgrind=memcheck
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind=*)
+		valgrind=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only=*)
+		valgrind_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	--tee)
 		shift ;; # was handled already
 	--root=*)
@@ -202,6 +215,15 @@
 	esac
 done
 
+if test -n "$valgrind_only"
+then
+	test -z "$valgrind" && valgrind=memcheck
+	test -z "$verbose" && verbose_only="$valgrind_only"
+elif test -n "$valgrind"
+then
+	verbose=t
+fi
+
 if test -n "$color"
 then
 	say_color () {
@@ -212,11 +234,13 @@
 		error)
 			tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
 		skip)
-			tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
+			tput setaf 4;; # blue
+		warn)
+			tput setaf 3;; # brown/yellow
 		pass)
-			tput setaf 2;;            # green
+			tput setaf 2;; # green
 		info)
-			tput setaf 3;;            # brown
+			tput setaf 6;; # cyan
 		*)
 			test -n "$quiet" && return;;
 		esac
@@ -289,7 +313,7 @@
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib-functions.sh"
 
 # You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
-# the text_expect_* functions instead.
+# the test_expect_* functions instead.
 
 test_ok_ () {
 	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
@@ -298,7 +322,7 @@
 
 test_failure_ () {
 	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-	say_color error "not ok - $test_count $1"
+	say_color error "not ok $test_count - $1"
 	shift
 	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
 	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
@@ -306,18 +330,77 @@
 
 test_known_broken_ok_ () {
 	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color error "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage vanished"
 }
 
 test_known_broken_failure_ () {
 	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
-	say_color skip "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color warn "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
 }
 
 test_debug () {
 	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
 }
 
+match_pattern_list () {
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$*" && return 1
+	for pattern_
+	do
+		case "$arg" in
+		$pattern_)
+			return 0
+		esac
+	done
+	return 1
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+	verbose=
+}
+
+last_verbose=t
+maybe_setup_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $verbose_only
+	then
+		exec 4>&2 3>&1
+		# Emit a delimiting blank line when going from
+		# non-verbose to verbose.  Within verbose mode the
+		# delimiter is printed by test_expect_*.  The choice
+		# of the initial $last_verbose is such that before
+		# test 1, we do not print it.
+		test -z "$last_verbose" && echo >&3 ""
+		verbose=t
+	else
+		exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+		verbose=
+	fi
+	last_verbose=$verbose
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+}
+
+maybe_setup_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	if test -z "$valgrind_only"
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+		return
+	fi
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $valgrind_only
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	fi
+}
+
 test_eval_ () {
 	# This is a separate function because some tests use
 	# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early.
@@ -327,8 +410,10 @@
 test_run_ () {
 	test_cleanup=:
 	expecting_failure=$2
+	setup_malloc_check
 	test_eval_ "$1"
 	eval_ret=$?
+	teardown_malloc_check
 
 	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
 	then
@@ -343,17 +428,24 @@
 	return "$eval_ret"
 }
 
-test_skip () {
+test_start_ () {
 	test_count=$(($test_count+1))
+	maybe_setup_verbose
+	maybe_setup_valgrind
+}
+
+test_finish_ () {
+	echo >&3 ""
+	maybe_teardown_valgrind
+	maybe_teardown_verbose
+}
+
+test_skip () {
 	to_skip=
-	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-	do
-		case $this_test.$test_count in
-		$skp)
-			to_skip=t
-			break
-		esac
-	done
+	if match_pattern_list $this_test.$test_count $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+	fi
 	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$test_prereq" &&
 	   ! test_have_prereq "$test_prereq"
 	then
@@ -385,11 +477,14 @@
 test_done () {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 
+	# Note: t0000 relies on $HARNESS_ACTIVE disabling the .counts
+	# output file
 	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
 	then
 		test_results_dir="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 		mkdir -p "$test_results_dir"
-		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${0%.sh}-$$.counts"
+		base=${0##*/}
+		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${base%.sh}-$$.counts"
 
 		cat >>"$test_results_path" <<-EOF
 		total $test_count
@@ -403,13 +498,18 @@
 
 	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
 	then
-		say_color pass "# fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+		say_color error "# $test_fixed known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)"
 	fi
 	if test "$test_broken" != 0
 	then
-		say_color error "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
-		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+		say_color warn "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0 || test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		test_remaining=$(( $test_count - $test_broken - $test_fixed ))
+		msg="remaining $test_remaining test(s)"
 	else
+		test_remaining=$test_count
 		msg="$test_count test(s)"
 	fi
 	case "$test_failure" in
@@ -423,7 +523,7 @@
 
 		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
 		then
-			if test $test_count -gt 0
+			if test $test_remaining -gt 0
 			then
 				say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
 			fi
@@ -520,6 +620,11 @@
 	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
 	export GIT_VALGRIND
+	GIT_VALGRIND_MODE="$valgrind"
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_MODE
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	test -n "$valgrind_only" && GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED
 elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"
 then
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
@@ -565,15 +670,6 @@
 	error "You haven't built things yet, have you?"
 }
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && test -z "$NO_PYTHON"
-then
-	GITPYTHONLIB="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git_remote_helpers/build/lib"
-	export GITPYTHONLIB
-	test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git_remote_helpers/build || {
-		error "You haven't built git_remote_helpers yet, have you?"
-	}
-fi
-
 if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime
 then
 	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
@@ -582,14 +678,14 @@
 fi
 
 # Test repository
-test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
-test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
-case "$test" in
-/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
- *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && TRASH_DIRECTORY="$root/$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+case "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" in
+/*) ;; # absolute path is good
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$TRASH_DIRECTORY" ;;
 esac
 test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
-rm -fr "$test" || {
+rm -fr "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
 	exit 1
@@ -600,25 +696,22 @@
 
 if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"
 then
-	test_create_repo "$test"
+	test_create_repo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 else
-	mkdir -p "$test"
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 fi
 # Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
 # in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
-cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+cd -P "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || exit 1
 
 this_test=${0##*/}
 this_test=${this_test%%-*}
-for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-do
-	case "$this_test" in
-	$skp)
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
-		skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
-		test_done
-	esac
-done
+if match_pattern_list "$this_test" $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+then
+	say_color info >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+	skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
+	test_done
+fi
 
 # Provide an implementation of the 'yes' utility
 yes () {
@@ -656,19 +749,25 @@
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
 	test_set_prereq MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+	GIT_TEST_CMP=mingw_test_cmp
 	;;
 *CYGWIN*)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
 	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NOT_CYGWIN
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -714,6 +813,18 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+test_lazy_prereq PIPE '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports FIFOs
+	case $(uname -s) in
+	CYGWIN*)
+		false
+		;;
+	*)
+		rm -f testfifo && mkfifo testfifo
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
 test_lazy_prereq SYMLINKS '
 	# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
 	ln -s x y && test -h y
@@ -738,6 +849,18 @@
 	esac
 '
 
+test_lazy_prereq AUTOIDENT '
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT
+'
+
 # When the tests are run as root, permission tests will report that
 # things are writable when they shouldn't be.
 test -w / || test_set_prereq SANITY
+
+GIT_UNZIP=${GIT_UNZIP:-unzip}
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP '
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" -v
+	test $? -ne 127
+'
diff --git a/t/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
index 10172ae..1fb373f 100755
--- a/t/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	} elsif ($? & 127) {
 		my $code = $? & 127;
 		warn "died of signal $code";
-		return $code - 128;
+		return $code + 128;
 	} else {
 		return $? >> 8;
 	}
diff --git a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
index d8105d9..2ffc80f 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-out_prefix=$(dirname "$0")/../test-results/valgrind.out
+# Get TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY from GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS if it's there...
+. "$(dirname "$0")/../../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS"
+# ... otherwise set it to the default value.
+: ${TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(dirname "$0")/..}
+
 output=
 count=0
 total_count=0
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@
 	finish_output
 }
 
-for test_script in "$(dirname "$0")"/../test-results/*.out
+for test_script in "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"/test-results/*.out
 do
 	handle_one $test_script
 done
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
index 582b4dc..4215303 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,30 @@
 
 base=$(basename "$0")
 
-TRACK_ORIGINS=
+TOOL_OPTIONS='--leak-check=no'
 
-VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
-VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
-VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
-test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
-test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
-TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED" &&
+exec "$GIT_VALGRIND"/../../"$base" "$@"
+
+case "$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE" in
+memcheck-fast)
+	;;
+memcheck)
+	VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+	VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+	VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+	test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+	test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="$TOOL_OPTIONS --track-origins=yes"
+	;;
+*)
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="--tool=$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE"
+esac
 
 exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
-	--leak-check=no \
-	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
 	--gen-suppressions=all \
-	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	$TOOL_OPTIONS \
 	--log-fd=4 \
 	--input-fd=4 \
 	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
index 18c4829..68d62d5 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 	against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
 fi
 
-# If you want to allow non-ascii filenames set this variable to true.
-allownonascii=$(git config hooks.allownonascii)
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --bool hooks.allownonascii)
 
 # Redirect output to stderr.
 exec 1>&2
 
-# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ascii filenames; prevent
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
 # them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
 # printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
 if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@
 	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
 	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
 then
-	echo "Error: Attempt to add a non-ascii file name."
-	echo
-	echo "This can cause problems if you want to work"
-	echo "with people on other platforms."
-	echo
-	echo "To be portable it is advisable to rename the file ..."
-	echo
-	echo "If you know what you are doing you can disable this"
-	echo "check using:"
-	echo
-	echo "  git config hooks.allownonascii true"
-	echo
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f3bceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local sha1> <remote ref> <remote sha1>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+IFS=' '
+while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha
+do
+	if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ]
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ]
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_sha"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_sha..$local_sha"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"`
+		if [ -n "$commit" ]
+		then
+			echo "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
index 71ab04e..d847583 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--update.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 fi
 
 if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/test-chmtime.c
index 92713d1..0df7487 100644
--- a/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/test-chmtime.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	static int verbose;
 
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@
 		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR) &&
 				chmod(argv[i], sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Could not make user-writable %s: %s",
 				argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 #endif
 
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@
 		if (utb.modtime != sb.st_mtime && utime(argv[i], &utb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to modify time on %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 
 usage:
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
-	return -1;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/test-delta.c
index af40a3c..4595cd6 100644
--- a/test-delta.c
+++ b/test-delta.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
 
 	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", usage_str);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-dump-cache-tree.c b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
index a6ffdf3..47eab97 100644
--- a/test-dump-cache-tree.c
+++ b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@
 	struct cache_tree *another = cache_tree();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
-	cache_tree_update(another, active_cache, active_nr, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
+	cache_tree_update(another,
+			  (const struct cache_entry * const *)active_cache,
+			  active_nr, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
 	return dump_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, another, "");
 }
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/test-genrandom.c
index b3c28d9..54824d0 100644
--- a/test-genrandom.c
+++ b/test-genrandom.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	unsigned char *c;
 
 	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-index-version.c b/test-index-version.c
index bfaad9e..05d4699 100644
--- a/test-index-version.c
+++ b/test-index-version.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct cache_header hdr;
 	int version;
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
index a3c4688..2ef725e 100644
--- a/test-match-trees.c
+++ b/test-match-trees.c
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
 	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
 	if (!one)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[1]);
 	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
 	if (!two)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[2]);
 
 	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
 	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));
diff --git a/test-mergesort.c b/test-mergesort.c
index 3f388b4..ea3b959 100644
--- a/test-mergesort.c
+++ b/test-mergesort.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	return strcmp(x->text, y->text);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct line *line, *p = NULL, *lines = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
index 3c9510a..434e8b8 100644
--- a/test-parse-options.c
+++ b/test-parse-options.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
 	const char *usage[] = {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 	};
 	int i;
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
 
 	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
 	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
index 3bc20e9..3dd3744 100644
--- a/test-path-utils.c
+++ b/test-path-utils.c
@@ -1,4 +1,45 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that normalizes an entry from
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES.  If the path is unusable for some reason,
+ * die with an explanation.
+ */
+static int normalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	const char *ceil = item->string;
+	int len = strlen(ceil);
+	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		die("Empty path is not supported");
+	if (len > PATH_MAX)
+		die("Path \"%s\" is too long", ceil);
+	if (!is_absolute_path(ceil))
+		die("Path \"%s\" is not absolute", ceil);
+	if (normalize_path_copy(buf, ceil) < 0)
+		die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", ceil);
+	len = strlen(buf);
+	if (len > 1 && buf[len-1] == '/')
+		die("Normalized path \"%s\" ended with slash", buf);
+	free(item->string);
+	item->string = xstrdup(buf);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void normalize_argv_string(const char **var, const char *input)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(input, "<null>"))
+		*var = NULL;
+	else if (!strcmp(input, "<empty>"))
+		*var = "";
+	else
+		*var = input;
+
+	if (*var && (**var == '<' || **var == '('))
+		die("Bad value: %s\n", input);
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -30,7 +71,28 @@
 	}
 
 	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
-		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		int len;
+		struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		char *path = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to normalize the arguments because under
+		 * Windows, bash mangles arguments that look like
+		 * absolute POSIX paths or colon-separate lists of
+		 * absolute POSIX paths into DOS paths (e.g.,
+		 * "/foo:/foo/bar" might be converted to
+		 * "D:\Src\msysgit\foo;D:\Src\msysgit\foo\bar"),
+		 * whereas longest_ancestor_length() requires paths
+		 * that use forward slashes.
+		 */
+		if (normalize_path_copy(path, path))
+			die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", argv[2]);
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, argv[3], PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   normalize_ceiling_entry, NULL);
+		len = longest_ancestor_length(path, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+		free(path);
 		printf("%d\n", len);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -54,6 +116,25 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "print_path")) {
+		puts(argv[2]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "relative_path")) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *in, *prefix, *rel;
+		normalize_argv_string(&in, argv[2]);
+		normalize_argv_string(&prefix, argv[3]);
+		rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
+		if (!rel)
+			puts("(null)");
+		else
+			puts(strlen(rel) > 0 ? rel : "(empty)");
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
 		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
 	return 1;
diff --git a/test-prio-queue.c b/test-prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7be72f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static int intcmp(const void *va, const void *vb, void *data)
+{
+	const int *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return *a - *b;
+}
+
+static void show(int *v)
+{
+	if (!v)
+		printf("NULL\n");
+	else
+		printf("%d\n", *v);
+	free(v);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct prio_queue pq = { intcmp };
+
+	while (*++argv) {
+		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get"))
+			show(prio_queue_get(&pq));
+		else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
+			int *v;
+			while ((v = prio_queue_get(&pq)))
+			       show(v);
+		}
+		else {
+			int *v = malloc(sizeof(*v));
+			*v = atoi(*argv);
+			prio_queue_put(&pq, v);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-read-cache.c b/test-read-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b25bcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-read-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, cnt = 1;
+	if (argc == 2)
+		cnt = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		read_cache();
+		discard_cache();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.c b/test-sha1.c
index 80daba9..e57eae1 100644
--- a/test-sha1.c
+++ b/test-sha1.c
@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned bufsz = 8192;
+	int binary = 0;
 	char *buffer;
 
-	if (ac == 2)
-		bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	if (ac == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(av[1], "-b"))
+			binary = 1;
+		else
+			bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	}
 
 	if (!bufsz)
 		bufsz = 8192;
@@ -42,6 +47,10 @@
 		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, this_sz);
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (binary)
+		fwrite(sha1, 1, 20, stdout);
+	else
+		puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	exit(0);
 }
diff --git a/test-string-list.c b/test-string-list.c
index 4693295..00ce6c9 100644
--- a/test-string-list.c
+++ b/test-string-list.c
@@ -97,26 +97,6 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_prefix")) {
-		/* arguments: <colon-separated-prefixes>|- <string> */
-		struct string_list prefixes = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-		int retval;
-		const char *prefix_string = argv[2];
-		const char *string = argv[3];
-		const char *match;
-
-		parse_string_list(&prefixes, prefix_string);
-		match = string_list_longest_prefix(&prefixes, string);
-		if (match) {
-			printf("%s\n", match);
-			retval = 0;
-		}
-		else
-			retval = 1;
-		string_list_clear(&prefixes, 0);
-		return retval;
-	}
-
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
 		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
 	return 1;
diff --git a/test-subprocess.c b/test-subprocess.c
index f2d4c0d..93525eb 100644
--- a/test-subprocess.c
+++ b/test-subprocess.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct child_process cp;
 	int nogit = 0;
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@
 	}
 	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	cp.argv = argv + 1;
+	cp.argv = (const char **)argv + 1;
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
diff --git a/test-svn-fe.c b/test-svn-fe.c
index 83633a2..120ec96 100644
--- a/test-svn-fe.c
+++ b/test-svn-fe.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 		die_errno("cannot open preimage");
 	if (buffer_init(&delta, argv[3]))
 		die_errno("cannot open delta");
-	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoull(argv[4], NULL, 0),
+	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoumax(argv[4], NULL, 0),
 					&preimage_view, stdout))
 		return 1;
 	if (buffer_deinit(&preimage))
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	if (argc == 2) {
 		if (svndump_init(argv[1]))
 			return 1;
-		svndump_read(NULL);
+		svndump_read(NULL, "refs/heads/master", "refs/notes/svn/revs");
 		svndump_deinit();
 		svndump_reset();
 		return 0;
diff --git a/test-urlmatch-normalization.c b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..090bf21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char usage[] = "test-urlmatch-normalization [-p | -l] <url1> | <url1> <url2>";
+	char *url1, *url2;
+	int opt_p = 0, opt_l = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * For one url, succeed if url_normalize succeeds on it, fail otherwise.
+	 * For two urls, succeed only if url_normalize succeeds on both and
+	 * the results compare equal with strcmp.  If -p is given (one url only)
+	 * and url_normalize succeeds, print the result followed by "\n".  If
+	 * -l is given (one url only) and url_normalize succeeds, print the
+	 * returned length in decimal followed by "\n".
+	 */
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-p")) {
+		opt_p = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	} else if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
+		opt_l = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		struct url_info info;
+		url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], &info);
+		if (!url1)
+			return 1;
+		if (opt_p)
+			printf("%s\n", url1);
+		if (opt_l)
+			printf("%u\n", (unsigned)info.url_len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (opt_p || opt_l)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], NULL);
+	url2 = url_normalize(argv[2], NULL);
+	return (url1 && url2 && !strcmp(url1, url2)) ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-wildmatch.c b/test-wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e2643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifdef USE_WILDMATCH
+#undef USE_WILDMATCH  /* We need real fnmatch implementation here */
+#endif
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+static int perf(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct timeval tv1, tv2;
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd, i, n, flags1 = 0, flags2 = 0;
+	char *buffer, *p;
+	uint32_t usec1, usec2;
+	const char *lang;
+	const char *file = av[0];
+	const char *pattern = av[1];
+
+	lang = getenv("LANG");
+	if (lang && strcmp(lang, "C"))
+		die("Please test it on C locale.");
+
+	if ((fd = open(file, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd, &st))
+		die_errno("file open");
+
+	buffer = xmalloc(st.st_size + 2);
+	if (read(fd, buffer, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+		die_errno("read");
+
+	buffer[st.st_size] = '\0';
+	buffer[st.st_size + 1] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < st.st_size; i++)
+		if (buffer[i] == '\n')
+			buffer[i] = '\0';
+
+	n = atoi(av[2]);
+	if (av[3] && !strcmp(av[3], "pathname")) {
+		flags1 = WM_PATHNAME;
+		flags2 = FNM_PATHNAME;
+	}
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			wildmatch(pattern, p, flags1, NULL);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec1 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec1 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	printf("wildmatch %ds %dus\n",
+	       (int)(usec1 / 1000000),
+	       (int)(usec1 % 1000000));
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		for (p = buffer; *p; p += strlen(p) + 1)
+			fnmatch(pattern, p, flags2);
+	}
+	gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
+
+	usec2 = (uint32_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec;
+	usec2 -= (uint32_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv1.tv_usec;
+	if (usec2 > usec1)
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% slower\n",
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec2 - usec1) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec2 - usec1) / usec1 * 100);
+	else
+		printf("fnmatch   %ds %dus or %.2f%% faster\n",
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) / 1000000),
+		       (int)((usec1 - usec2) % 1000000),
+		       (float)(usec1 - usec2) / usec1 * 100);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "perf"))
+		return perf(argc - 2, argv + 2);
+
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '/')
+			die("Forward slash is not allowed at the beginning of the\n"
+			    "pattern because Windows does not like it. Use `XXX/' instead.");
+		else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "XXX/", 4))
+			argv[i] += 3;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "wildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iwildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME | WM_CASEFOLD, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "pathmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], 0, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "fnmatch"))
+		return !!fnmatch(argv[3], argv[2], FNM_PATHNAME);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
index 7f4b76a..97396a7 100644
--- a/thread-utils.c
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 	long ncpus;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	SYSTEM_INFO info;
 	GetSystemInfo(&info);
 
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index 5ec0e3b..3d744d1 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
 static void trace_printf_key(const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index cfe0988..673b7c2 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -19,11 +21,15 @@
 	FILE *out;
 	unsigned fetch : 1,
 		import : 1,
+		bidi_import : 1,
 		export : 1,
 		option : 1,
 		push : 1,
 		connect : 1,
-		no_disconnect_req : 1;
+		signed_tags : 1,
+		check_connectivity : 1,
+		no_disconnect_req : 1,
+		no_private_update : 1;
 	char *export_marks;
 	char *import_marks;
 	/* These go from remote name (as in "list") to private name */
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@
 		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
-static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *name)
 {
 	strbuf_reset(buffer);
 	if (debug)
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@
 
 static int recvline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 {
-	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer);
+	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer, helper->name);
 }
 
 static void xchgline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
@@ -101,6 +107,7 @@
 static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct child_process *helper;
 	const char **refspecs = NULL;
@@ -122,11 +129,10 @@
 	helper->in = -1;
 	helper->out = -1;
 	helper->err = 0;
-	helper->argv = xcalloc(4, sizeof(*helper->argv));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
-	helper->argv[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	helper->argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
-	helper->argv[2] = remove_ext_force(transport->url);
+	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, transport->remote->name);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
+	helper->argv = argv_array_detach(&argv, NULL);
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
@@ -178,8 +184,12 @@
 			data->push = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "import"))
 			data->import = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "bidi-import"))
+			data->bidi_import = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "export"))
 			data->export = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "check-connectivity"))
+			data->check_connectivity = 1;
 		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(refspecs,
 				   refspec_nr + 1,
@@ -187,6 +197,8 @@
 			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(capname + strlen("refspec "));
 		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
 			data->connect = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "signed-tags")) {
+			data->signed_tags = 1;
 		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "export-marks ")) {
 			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--export-marks=");
@@ -197,6 +209,8 @@
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--import-marks=");
 			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("import-marks "));
 			data->import_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "no-private-update")) {
+			data->no_private_update = 1;
 		} else if (mandatory) {
 			die("Unknown mandatory capability %s. This remote "
 			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.",
@@ -207,10 +221,11 @@
 		int i;
 		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
-		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
 			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
-		}
 		free(refspecs);
+	} else if (data->import || data->bidi_import || data->export) {
+		warning("This remote helper should implement refspec capability.");
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (debug)
@@ -241,8 +256,7 @@
 		close(data->helper->out);
 		fclose(data->out);
 		res = finish_command(data->helper);
-		free((char *)data->helper->argv[0]);
-		free(data->helper->argv);
+		argv_array_free_detached(data->helper->argv);
 		free(data->helper);
 		data->helper = NULL;
 	}
@@ -255,6 +269,7 @@
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP
 	};
+
 static const char *boolean_options[] = {
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP,
@@ -341,6 +356,9 @@
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	standard_options(transport);
+	if (data->check_connectivity &&
+	    data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "check-connectivity", "true");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		const struct ref *posn = to_fetch[i];
@@ -364,6 +382,10 @@
 			else
 				transport->pack_lockfile = xstrdup(name);
 		}
+		else if (data->check_connectivity &&
+			 data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			 !strcmp(buf.buf, "connectivity-ok"))
+			data->transport_options.self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 		else if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 		else
@@ -376,14 +398,23 @@
 static int get_importer(struct transport *transport, struct child_process *fastimport)
 {
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int cat_blob_fd, code;
 	memset(fastimport, 0, sizeof(*fastimport));
 	fastimport->in = helper->out;
-	fastimport->argv = xcalloc(5, sizeof(*fastimport->argv));
-	fastimport->argv[0] = "fast-import";
-	fastimport->argv[1] = "--quiet";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "fast-import");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
 
+	if (data->bidi_import) {
+		cat_blob_fd = xdup(helper->in);
+		argv_array_pushf(&argv, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
+	}
+	fastimport->argv = argv.argv;
 	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
-	return start_command(fastimport);
+
+	code = start_command(fastimport);
+	return code;
 }
 
 static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
@@ -398,9 +429,11 @@
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(5 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
+	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(6 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "fast-export";
 	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "--use-done-feature";
+	fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->signed_tags ?
+		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip";
 	if (data->export_marks)
 		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->export_marks;
 	if (data->import_marks)
@@ -438,11 +471,17 @@
 	}
 
 	write_constant(data->helper->in, "\n");
+	/*
+	 * remote-helpers that advertise the bidi-import capability are required to
+	 * buffer the complete batch of import commands until this newline before
+	 * sending data to fast-import.
+	 * These helpers read back data from fast-import on their stdin, which could
+	 * be mixed with import commands, otherwise.
+	 */
 
 	if (finish_command(&fastimport))
 		die("Error while running fast-import");
-	free(fastimport.argv);
-	fastimport.argv = NULL;
+	argv_array_free_detached(fastimport.argv);
 
 	/*
 	 * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
@@ -451,7 +490,7 @@
 	 * were fetching.
 	 *
 	 * (If no "refspec" capability was specified, for historical
-	 * reasons we default to *:*.)
+	 * reasons we default to the equivalent of *:*.)
 	 *
 	 * Store the result in to_fetch[i].old_sha1.  Callers such
 	 * as "git fetch" can use the value to write feedback to the
@@ -518,7 +557,7 @@
 		goto exit;
 
 	sendline(data, &cmdbuf);
-	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf);
+	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf, name);
 	if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "")) {
 		data->no_disconnect_req = 1;
 		if (debug)
@@ -600,7 +639,7 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
+static int push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 				   struct ref **ref,
 				   struct ref *remote_refs)
 {
@@ -643,6 +682,26 @@
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "already exists")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "stale info")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)
@@ -651,7 +710,7 @@
 		*ref = find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, refname);
 	if (!*ref) {
 		warning("helper reported unexpected status of %s", refname);
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if ((*ref)->status != REF_STATUS_NONE) {
@@ -660,11 +719,12 @@
 		 * status reported by the remote helper if the latter is 'no match'.
 		 */
 		if (status == REF_STATUS_NONE)
-			return;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
 	(*ref)->status = status;
 	(*ref)->remote_status = msg;
+	return !(status == REF_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
 static void push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
@@ -673,23 +733,38 @@
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 	for (;;) {
+		char *private;
+
 		recvline(data, &buf);
 		if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 
-		push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs);
+		if (push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!data->refspecs || data->no_private_update)
+			continue;
+
+		/* propagate back the update to the remote namespace */
+		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
+		if (!private)
+			continue;
+		update_ref("update by helper", private, ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(private);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
-		struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+			       struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
 {
 	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
 	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 
 	get_helper(transport);
 	if (!data->push)
@@ -702,6 +777,8 @@
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -723,11 +800,29 @@
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->name);
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+		/*
+		 * The "--force-with-lease" options without explicit
+		 * values to expect have already been expanded into
+		 * the ref->old_sha1_expect[] field; we can ignore
+		 * transport->smart_options->cas altogether and instead
+		 * can enumerate them from the refs.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			struct strbuf cas = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&cas, "%s:%s",
+				    ref->name, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1_expect));
+			string_list_append(&cas_options, strbuf_detach(&cas, NULL));
+		}
 	}
-	if (buf.len == 0)
+	if (buf.len == 0) {
+		string_list_clear(&cas_options, 0);
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	standard_options(transport);
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cas", cas_option->string);
 
 	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
 		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
@@ -751,6 +846,14 @@
 	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!data->refspecs)
+		die("remote-helper doesn't support push; refspec needed");
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
+	}
+
 	helper = get_helper(transport);
 
 	write_constant(helper->in, "export\n");
@@ -761,22 +864,25 @@
 		char *private;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		if (!data->refspecs)
-			continue;
+		if (ref->deletion)
+			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
+
 		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
 		if (private && !get_sha1(private, sha1)) {
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "^%s", private);
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, sha1);
 		}
 		free(private);
 
-		if (ref->deletion) {
+		if (ref->deletion)
 			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
-		}
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
+		if (ref->peer_ref) {
+			if (strcmp(ref->peer_ref->name, ref->name))
+				die("remote-helpers do not support old:new syntax");
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
-
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (get_exporter(transport, &exporter, &revlist_args))
@@ -916,6 +1022,7 @@
 #define PBUFFERSIZE 8192
 
 /* Print bidirectional transfer loop debug message. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void transfer_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
@@ -957,7 +1064,7 @@
 	int src_is_sock;
 	/* Is destination socket? */
 	int dest_is_sock;
-	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERRING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
 	int state;
 	/* Buffer. */
 	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
@@ -1001,7 +1108,7 @@
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes == 0) {
 		transfer_debug("%s EOF (with %i bytes in buffer)",
-			t->src_name, t->bufuse);
+			t->src_name, (int)t->bufuse);
 		t->state = SSTATE_FLUSHING;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
 		t->bufuse += bytes;
@@ -1065,7 +1172,7 @@
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 
 /*
- * Join thread, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join thread, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * thread (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pthread_t thread, const char *name)
@@ -1131,7 +1238,7 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Join process, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join process, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * process (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pid_t pid, const char *name)
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 9932f40..5485e2a 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "walker.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
@@ -106,7 +108,8 @@
 		return;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int cmp = cmp, len;
+		int cmp = 0; /* assigned before used */
+		int len;
 
 		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
 			fclose(f);
@@ -507,7 +510,7 @@
 	struct ref *refs;
 
 	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
-	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs,
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs,
 			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
 	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 
@@ -518,11 +521,9 @@
 			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
-	struct string_list sought = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	const struct ref *refs;
 	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
 	struct fetch_pack_args args;
-	int i;
 	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
 
 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -535,29 +536,30 @@
 	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
 	args.no_progress = !transport->progress;
 	args.depth = data->options.depth;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		string_list_append(&sought, to_fetch[i]->name);
+	args.check_self_contained_and_connected =
+		data->options.check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
 		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
 			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
-			  dest, &sought, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+			  dest, to_fetch, nr_heads,
+			  &transport->pack_lockfile);
 	close(data->fd[0]);
 	close(data->fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
 		refs = NULL;
 	data->conn = NULL;
 	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	data->options.self_contained_and_connected =
+		args.self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	free_refs(refs_tmp);
 
-	string_list_clear(&sought, 0);
 	free(dest);
 	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
 }
@@ -659,7 +661,7 @@
 		const char *msg;
 
 		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
 			strcat(quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
@@ -695,6 +697,22 @@
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "already exists", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "stale info", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -714,7 +732,7 @@
 }
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-				  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward)
+				  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int n = 0;
@@ -733,18 +751,23 @@
 		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
 
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
-		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD &&
-		    *nonfastforward != NON_FF_HEAD) {
-			if (!strcmp(head, ref->name))
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_HEAD;
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) {
+			if (head != NULL && !strcmp(head, ref->name))
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD;
 			else
-				*nonfastforward = NON_FF_OTHER;
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -782,7 +805,7 @@
 		struct ref *tmp_refs;
 		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
 
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -858,14 +881,8 @@
 	transport->push_refs = git_transport_push;
 	transport->disconnect = disconnect_git;
 	transport->smart_options = &(data->options);
-}
 
-static int is_local(const char *url)
-{
-	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
-	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
-	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
-		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+	transport->cannot_reuse = 1;
 }
 
 static int is_file(const char *url)
@@ -916,7 +933,7 @@
 		ret->fetch = fetch_objs_via_rsync;
 		ret->push = rsync_transport_push;
 		ret->smart_options = NULL;
-	} else if (is_local(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
+	} else if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
 		struct bundle_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 		ret->data = data;
 		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_from_bundle;
@@ -1029,11 +1046,68 @@
 	die("Aborting.");
 }
 
+static int run_pre_push_hook(struct transport *transport,
+			     struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	int ret = 0, x;
+	struct ref *r;
+	struct child_process proc;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	const char *argv[4];
+
+	if (!(argv[0] = find_hook("pre-push")))
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	argv[2] = transport->url;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(&proc)) {
+		finish_command(&proc);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 256);
+
+	for (r = remote_refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!r->peer_ref) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE) continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf( &buf, "%s %s %s %s\n",
+			 r->peer_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(r->new_sha1),
+			 r->name, sha1_to_hex(r->old_sha1));
+
+		if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len) {
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	x = close(proc.in);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	x = finish_command(&proc);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int *nonfastforward)
+		   unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	transport_verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
 
 	if (transport->push) {
@@ -1059,16 +1133,28 @@
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS;
 
 		if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
 				    refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
+		if (transport->smart_options &&
+		    transport->smart_options->cas &&
+		    !is_empty_cas(transport->smart_options->cas))
+			apply_push_cas(transport->smart_options->cas,
+				       transport->remote, remote_refs);
+
 		set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
 
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK))
+			if (run_pre_push_hook(transport, remote_refs))
+				return -1;
+
 		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) && !is_bare_repository()) {
 			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
@@ -1099,7 +1185,7 @@
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
-					nonfastforward);
+					reject_reasons);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
 			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
@@ -1153,7 +1239,7 @@
 		 * then local and remote refs are likely to still be equal.
 		 * Just feed them all to the fetch method in that case.
 		 * This condition shouldn't be met in a non-deepening fetch
-		 * (see builtin-fetch.c:quickfetch()).
+		 * (see builtin/fetch.c:quickfetch()).
 		 */
 		heads = xmalloc(nr_refs * sizeof(*heads));
 		for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next)
@@ -1203,7 +1289,7 @@
 	size_t anon_len, prefix_len = 0;
 
 	anon_part = strchr(url, '@');
-	if (is_local(url) || !anon_part)
+	if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) || !anon_part)
 		goto literal_copy;
 
 	anon_len = strlen(++anon_part);
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index 3b21c4a..8f96bed 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -2,15 +2,19 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_H
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
 struct git_transport_options {
 	unsigned thin : 1;
 	unsigned keep : 1;
 	unsigned followtags : 1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected : 1;
 	int depth;
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	const char *receivepack;
+	struct push_cas_option *cas;
 };
 
 struct transport {
@@ -25,6 +29,12 @@
 	 */
 	unsigned got_remote_refs : 1;
 
+	/*
+	 * Transports that call take-over destroys the data specific to
+	 * the transport type while doing so, and cannot be reused.
+	 */
+	unsigned cannot_reuse : 1;
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns 0 if successful, positive if the option is not
 	 * recognized or is inapplicable, and negative if the option
@@ -74,7 +84,7 @@
 		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
 
 	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
-	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for further
 	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
 	 **/
 	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
@@ -104,6 +114,8 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK 64
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE 128
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND 256
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK 512
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS 1024
 
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(x) (int)(TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH + strlen(x) - gettext_width(x)), (x)
@@ -122,6 +134,9 @@
 /* Transfer the data as a thin pack if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_THIN "thin"
 
+/* Check the current value of the remote ref */
+#define TRANS_OPT_CAS "cas"
+
 /* Keep the pack that was transferred if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_KEEP "keep"
 
@@ -140,11 +155,15 @@
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress);
 
-#define NON_FF_HEAD 1
-#define NON_FF_OTHER 2
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
+#define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int * nonfastforward);
+		   unsigned int * reject_reasons);
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
 
@@ -162,7 +181,7 @@
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
 int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output);
 
-/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin-send-pack.c */
+/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin/send-pack.c */
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads);
 
 void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int verbose);
@@ -170,9 +189,14 @@
 int transport_refs_pushed(struct ref *ref);
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-		  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward);
+		  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons);
 
 typedef void alternate_ref_fn(const struct ref *, void *);
 extern void for_each_alternate_ref(alternate_ref_fn, void *);
 
+struct send_pack_args;
+extern int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+		     int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		     struct ref *remote_refs,
+		     struct extra_have_objects *extra_have);
 #endif
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index ba01563..456660c 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@
 
 	/* Enable recursion indefinitely */
 	opt->pathspec.recursive = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE);
-	opt->pathspec.max_depth = -1;
 
 	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_add(&base, base_str, baselen);
@@ -196,9 +195,27 @@
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_filepair *choice;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i;
 
+	/*
+	 * follow-rename code is very specific, we need exactly one
+	 * path. Magic that matches more than one path is not
+	 * supported.
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&opt->pathspec, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+#if 0
+	/*
+	 * We should reject wildcards as well. Unfortunately we
+	 * haven't got a reliable way to detect that 'foo\*bar' in
+	 * fact has no wildcards. nowildcard_len is merely a hint for
+	 * optimization. Let it slip for now until wildmatch is taught
+	 * about dry-run mode and returns wildcard info.
+	 */
+	if (opt->pathspec.has_wildcard)
+		die("BUG:%s:%d: wildcards are not supported",
+		    __FILE__, __LINE__);
+#endif
+
 	/* Remove the file creation entry from the diff queue, and remember it */
 	choice = q->queue[0];
 	q->nr = 0;
@@ -207,15 +224,13 @@
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.raw[0];
+	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.items[0].match;
 	diff_opts.break_opt = opt->break_opt;
 	diff_opts.rename_score = opt->rename_score;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
 	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 
 	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
 	opt->found_follow = 0;
@@ -228,15 +243,20 @@
 		 * the future!
 		 */
 		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
-		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.raw[0])) {
+		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.items[0].match)) {
+			const char *path[2];
+
 			/* Switch the file-pairs around */
 			q->queue[i] = choice;
 			choice = p;
 
 			/* Update the path we use from now on.. */
-			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
-			opt->pathspec.raw[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->pathspec.raw, opt);
+			path[0] = p->one->path;
+			path[1] = NULL;
+			free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+			parse_pathspec(&opt->pathspec,
+				       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+				       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", path);
 
 			/*
 			 * The caller expects us to return a set of vanilla
@@ -310,13 +330,3 @@
 	free(tree);
 	return retval;
 }
-
-void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
-}
-
-void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **p, struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	init_pathspec(&opt->pathspec, p);
-}
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 492c7cd..e06f240 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tree.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
 {
@@ -323,7 +324,6 @@
 
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
 	int error = 0;
 	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
 	int i;
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@
 		strbuf_setlen(&base, info->pathlen);
 	}
 	for (;;) {
+		int trees_used;
 		unsigned long mask, dirmask;
 		const char *first = NULL;
 		int first_len = 0;
@@ -404,15 +405,14 @@
 		if (interesting < 0)
 			break;
 		if (interesting) {
-			ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
-			if (ret < 0) {
-				error = ret;
+			trees_used = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
+			if (trees_used < 0) {
+				error = trees_used;
 				if (!info->show_all_errors)
 					break;
 			}
-			mask &= ret;
+			mask &= trees_used;
 		}
-		ret = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			if (mask & (1ul << i))
 				update_extended_entry(tx + i, entry + i);
@@ -488,13 +488,25 @@
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
+static int match_entry(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		       const char *match, int matchlen,
-		       int *never_interesting)
+		       enum interesting *never_interesting)
 {
 	int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
 
-	if (*never_interesting) {
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		/*
+		 * "Never interesting" trick requires exact
+		 * matching. We could do something clever with inexact
+		 * matching, but it's trickier (and not to forget that
+		 * strcasecmp is locale-dependent, at least in
+		 * glibc). Just disable it for now. It can't be worse
+		 * than the wildcard's codepath of '[Tt][Hi][Is][Ss]'
+		 * pattern.
+		 */
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
+	else if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
 		/*
 		 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
 		 * than the current path.
@@ -522,7 +534,7 @@
 		 * the variable to -1 and that is what will be
 		 * returned, allowing the caller to terminate early.
 		 */
-		*never_interesting = 0;
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
 	}
 
 	if (pathlen > matchlen)
@@ -540,7 +552,7 @@
 		 * we cheated and did not do strncmp(), so we do
 		 * that here.
 		 */
-		m = strncmp(match, entry->path, pathlen);
+		m = ps_strncmp(item, match, entry->path, pathlen);
 
 	/*
 	 * If common part matched earlier then it is a hit,
@@ -548,15 +560,39 @@
 	 * leading directory and is shorter than match.
 	 */
 	if (!m)
+		/*
+		 * match_entry does not check if the prefix part is
+		 * matched case-sensitively. If the entry is a
+		 * directory and part of prefix, it'll be rematched
+		 * eventually by basecmp with special treatment for
+		 * the prefix.
+		 */
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
+/* :(icase)-aware string compare */
+static int basecmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		   const char *base, const char *match, int len)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) {
+		int ret, n = len > item->prefix ? item->prefix : len;
+		ret = strncmp(base, match, n);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		base += n;
+		match += n;
+		len -= n;
+	}
+	return ps_strncmp(item, base, match, len);
+}
+
+static int match_dir_prefix(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *base,
 			    const char *match, int matchlen)
 {
-	if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+	if (basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen))
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -573,6 +609,54 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Perform matching on the leading non-wildcard part of
+ * pathspec. item->nowildcard_len must be greater than zero. Return
+ * non-zero if base is matched.
+ */
+static int match_wildcard_base(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int *matched)
+{
+	const char *match = item->match;
+	/* the wildcard part is not considered in this function */
+	int matchlen = item->nowildcard_len;
+
+	if (baselen) {
+		int dirlen;
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is longer than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match.
+		 */
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			*matched = matchlen;
+			return !basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen);
+		}
+
+		dirlen = matchlen;
+		while (dirlen && match[dirlen - 1] != '/')
+			dirlen--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is shorter than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match. Note that
+		 * base ends with '/' so we are sure it really matches
+		 * directory
+		 */
+		if (basecmp(item, base, match, baselen))
+			return 0;
+		*matched = baselen;
+	} else
+		*matched = 0;
+	/*
+	 * we could have checked entry against the non-wildcard part
+	 * that is not in base and does similar never_interesting
+	 * optimization as in match_entry. For now just be happy with
+	 * base comparison.
+	 */
+	return entry_interesting;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
  * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
@@ -584,11 +668,20 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	int pathlen, baselen = base->len - base_offset;
-	int never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
+	enum interesting never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
 		entry_not_interesting : all_entries_not_interesting;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return all_entries_interesting;
 		return within_depth(base->buf + base_offset, baselen,
 				    !!S_ISDIR(entry->mode),
@@ -602,14 +695,16 @@
 		const struct pathspec_item *item = ps->items+i;
 		const char *match = item->match;
 		const char *base_str = base->buf + base_offset;
-		int matchlen = item->len;
+		int matchlen = item->len, matched = 0;
 
 		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
 			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
-			if (!match_dir_prefix(base_str, match, matchlen))
+			if (!match_dir_prefix(item, base_str, match, matchlen))
 				goto match_wildcards;
 
-			if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+			if (!ps->recursive ||
+			    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+			    ps->max_depth == -1)
 				return all_entries_interesting;
 
 			return within_depth(base_str + matchlen + 1,
@@ -620,14 +715,15 @@
 		}
 
 		/* Either there must be no base, or the base must match. */
-		if (baselen == 0 || !strncmp(base_str, match, baselen)) {
-			if (match_entry(entry, pathlen,
+		if (baselen == 0 || !basecmp(item, base_str, match, baselen)) {
+			if (match_entry(item, entry, pathlen,
 					match + baselen, matchlen - baselen,
 					&never_interesting))
 				return entry_interesting;
 
-			if (item->use_wildcard) {
-				if (!fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path, 0))
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				if (!git_fnmatch(item, match + baselen, entry->path,
+						 item->nowildcard_len - baselen))
 					return entry_interesting;
 
 				/*
@@ -642,17 +738,33 @@
 		}
 
 match_wildcards:
-		if (!item->use_wildcard)
+		if (item->nowildcard_len == item->len)
+			continue;
+
+		if (item->nowildcard_len &&
+		    !match_wildcard_base(item, base_str, baselen, &matched))
 			continue;
 
 		/*
 		 * Concatenate base and entry->path into one and do
 		 * fnmatch() on it.
+		 *
+		 * While we could avoid concatenation in certain cases
+		 * [1], which saves a memcpy and potentially a
+		 * realloc, it turns out not worth it. Measurement on
+		 * linux-2.6 does not show any clear improvements,
+		 * partly because of the nowildcard_len optimization
+		 * in git_fnmatch(). Avoid micro-optimizations here.
+		 *
+		 * [1] if match_wildcard_base() says the base
+		 * directory is already matched, we only need to match
+		 * the rest, which is shorter so _in theory_ faster.
 		 */
 
 		strbuf_add(base, entry->path, pathlen);
 
-		if (!fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset, 0)) {
+		if (!git_fnmatch(item, match, base->buf + base_offset,
+				 item->nowildcard_len)) {
 			strbuf_setlen(base, base_offset + baselen);
 			return entry_interesting;
 		}
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 2bf0db9..ae04b64 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	int pathlen;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long df_conflicts;
 	traverse_callback_t fn;
 	void *data;
 	int show_all_errors;
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 62fed63..c8c49d7 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 }
 
 static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
-		       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 
 int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			const char *base, int baselen,
-			int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 	 * sort at the end.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; !fn && i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce) == stage)
 			fn = read_one_entry;
 	}
@@ -225,6 +225,14 @@
 	return parse_tree_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 }
 
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	tree->size = 0;
+	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+}
+
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
index 69bcb5e..d84ac63 100644
--- a/tree.h
+++ b/tree.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int parse_tree(struct tree *tree);
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree);
 
 /* Parses and returns the tree in the given ent, chasing tags and commits. */
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
 
 extern int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			       const char *base, int baselen,
-			       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context);
 
 extern int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec);
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 6d96366..ad3e9a0 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -116,14 +116,20 @@
 			ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
-static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
-	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
 	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
 
 	memcpy(new, ce, size);
-	do_add_entry(o, new, set, clear);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+		      const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+{
+	do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce), set, clear);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@
  * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
  * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
  */
-static void unlink_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void unlink_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	if (!check_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 		return;
@@ -193,7 +199,7 @@
 
 	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
 		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
 			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
 				total++;
 		}
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@
 	if (o->update)
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT, &o->result);
 	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE) {
 			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
@@ -235,8 +241,11 @@
 	return errs != 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -291,7 +300,8 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int call_unpack_fn(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static inline int call_unpack_fn(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int ret = o->fn(src, o);
 	if (ret > 0)
@@ -320,7 +330,7 @@
 		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UNPACKED | CE_ADDED | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
-static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int locate_in_src_index(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -366,7 +376,7 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void add_same_unmerged(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -388,7 +398,7 @@
 static int unpack_index_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
+	const struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
 	int ret;
 
 	src[0] = ce;
@@ -454,7 +464,7 @@
 	newinfo.pathspec = info->pathspec;
 	newinfo.name = *p;
 	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p) + 1;
-	newinfo.conflicts |= df_conflicts;
+	newinfo.df_conflicts |= df_conflicts;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, dirmask >>= 1) {
 		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
@@ -555,17 +565,12 @@
 {
 	int i;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long conflicts = info->df_conflicts | dirmask;
 
 	/* Do we have *only* directories? Nothing to do */
 	if (mask == dirmask && !src[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	conflicts = info->conflicts;
-	if (o->merge)
-		conflicts >>= 1;
-	conflicts |= dirmask;
-
 	/*
 	 * Ok, we've filled in up to any potential index entry in src[0],
 	 * now do the rest.
@@ -590,8 +595,16 @@
 		src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
 	}
 
-	if (o->merge)
-		return call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+	if (o->merge) {
+		int rc = call_unpack_fn((const struct cache_entry * const *)src,
+					o);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = src[i + o->merge];
+			if (ce != o->df_conflict_entry)
+				free(ce);
+		}
+		return rc;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		if (src[i] && src[i] != o->df_conflict_entry)
@@ -637,7 +650,7 @@
 	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p);
 
 	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
 		const char *ce_name, *ce_slash;
 		int cmp, ce_len;
 
@@ -789,13 +802,6 @@
 
 	/* Now handle any directories.. */
 	if (dirmask) {
-		unsigned long conflicts = mask & ~dirmask;
-		if (o->merge) {
-			conflicts <<= 1;
-			if (src[0])
-				conflicts |= 1;
-		}
-
 		/* special case: "diff-index --cached" looking at a tree */
 		if (o->diff_index_cached &&
 		    n == 1 && dirmask == 1 && S_ISDIR(names->mode)) {
@@ -814,7 +820,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, conflicts,
+		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, mask & ~dirmask,
 					     names, info) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		return mask;
@@ -837,7 +843,8 @@
 {
 	struct cache_entry **cache_end;
 	int dtype = DT_DIR;
-	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+	int ret = is_excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len,
+					basename, &dtype, el);
 
 	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
 
@@ -856,7 +863,7 @@
 	 * with ret (iow, we know in advance the incl/excl
 	 * decision for the entire directory), clear flag here without
 	 * calling clear_ce_flags_1(). That function will call
-	 * the expensive excluded_from_list() on every entry.
+	 * the expensive is_excluded_from_list() on every entry.
 	 */
 	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
 				prefix, prefix_len,
@@ -939,7 +946,8 @@
 
 		/* Non-directory */
 		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-		ret = excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el);
+		ret = is_excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+					    name, &dtype, el);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			ret = defval;
 		if (ret > 0)
@@ -993,7 +1001,9 @@
 		       select_flag, skip_wt_flag, el);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *);
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *);
 /*
  * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
  * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
@@ -1018,16 +1028,12 @@
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
 		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
-		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, &el, 0) < 0)
 			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 		else
 			o->el = &el;
 	}
 
-	if (o->dir) {
-		o->path_exclude_check = xmalloc(sizeof(struct path_exclude_check));
-		path_exclude_check_init(o->path_exclude_check, o->dir);
-	}
 	memset(&o->result, 0, sizeof(o->result));
 	o->result.initialized = 1;
 	o->result.timestamp.sec = o->src_index->timestamp.sec;
@@ -1148,15 +1154,13 @@
 
 	o->src_index = NULL;
 	ret = check_updates(o) ? (-2) : 0;
-	if (o->dst_index)
+	if (o->dst_index) {
+		discard_index(o->dst_index);
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
+	}
 
 done:
-	free_excludes(&el);
-	if (o->path_exclude_check) {
-		path_exclude_check_clear(o->path_exclude_check);
-		free(o->path_exclude_check);
-	}
+	clear_exclude_list(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1171,12 +1175,13 @@
 
 /* Here come the merge functions */
 
-static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int reject_merge(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+static int same(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	if (!!a != !!b)
 		return 0;
@@ -1193,9 +1198,9 @@
  * When a CE gets turned into an unmerged entry, we
  * want it to be up-to-date
  */
-static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
+static int verify_uptodate_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+			     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -1234,7 +1239,7 @@
 		add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
@@ -1242,13 +1247,14 @@
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static void invalidate_ce_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (ce)
 		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index->cache_tree, ce->name);
@@ -1261,16 +1267,16 @@
  * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
  * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
  */
-static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_submodule(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				     struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/*
 	 * we are about to extract "ce->name"; we would not want to lose
@@ -1349,18 +1355,18 @@
  */
 static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *name, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src;
+	const struct cache_entry *src;
 
-	src = index_name_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
+	src = index_file_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
 	return src && !ie_match_stat(o->src_index, src, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
 static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
-			      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+			      const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 			      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *result;
+	const struct cache_entry *result;
 
 	/*
 	 * It may be that the 'lstat()' succeeded even though
@@ -1373,7 +1379,7 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	if (o->dir &&
-	    path_excluded(o->path_exclude_check, name, -1, &dtype))
+	    is_excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
 		/*
 		 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
 		 * overwrite it.
@@ -1397,7 +1403,7 @@
 	 * delete this path, which is in a subdirectory that
 	 * is being replaced with a blob.
 	 */
-	result = index_name_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
+	result = index_file_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
 	if (result) {
 		if (result->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			return 0;
@@ -1411,9 +1417,9 @@
  * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
  * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
  */
-static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1446,7 +1452,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -1455,9 +1461,9 @@
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
-			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	enum unpack_trees_error_types orphaned_error = error_type;
 	if (orphaned_error == ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN)
@@ -1466,10 +1472,12 @@
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, orphaned_error, o);
 }
 
-static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			const struct cache_entry *old,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
+	struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce);
 
 	if (!old) {
 		/*
@@ -1487,8 +1495,11 @@
 		update |= CE_ADDED;
 		merge->ce_flags |= CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 
-		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
+		if (verify_absent(merge,
+				  ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o)) {
+			free(merge);
 			return -1;
+		}
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1502,8 +1513,10 @@
 			copy_cache_entry(merge, old);
 			update = 0;
 		} else {
-			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
+			if (verify_uptodate(old, o)) {
+				free(merge);
 				return -1;
+			}
 			/* Migrate old flags over */
 			update |= old->ce_flags & (CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
@@ -1516,12 +1529,13 @@
 		invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
 	}
 
-	add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
+	do_add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int deleted_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/* Did it exist in the index? */
 	if (!old) {
@@ -1536,7 +1550,8 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int keep_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int keep_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
 	return 1;
@@ -1558,11 +1573,12 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *index;
-	struct cache_entry *head;
-	struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
+	const struct cache_entry *index;
+	const struct cache_entry *head;
+	const struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
 	int count;
 	int head_match = 0;
 	int remote_match = 0;
@@ -1647,7 +1663,7 @@
 	if (o->aggressive) {
 		int head_deleted = !head;
 		int remote_deleted = !remote;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
 
 		if (index)
 			ce = index;
@@ -1730,11 +1746,12 @@
  * "carry forward" rule, please see <Documentation/git-read-tree.txt>.
  *
  */
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
-	struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
+	const struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 2)
 		return error("Cannot do a twoway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1746,14 +1763,23 @@
 		newtree = NULL;
 
 	if (current) {
-		if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
-		    (!oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
-		     same(current, newtree))) {
+		if (current->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED) {
+			if (same(oldtree, newtree) || o->reset) {
+				if (!newtree)
+					return deleted_entry(current, current, o);
+				else
+					return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
+			}
+			return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(current, o);
+		}
+		else if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
+			 (!oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
+			  same(current, newtree))) {
 			return keep_entry(current, o);
 		}
 		else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
@@ -1796,11 +1822,11 @@
  * Keep the index entries at stage0, collapse stage1 but make sure
  * stage0 does not have anything there.
  */
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees",
@@ -1820,10 +1846,11 @@
  * The rule is:
  * - take the stat information from stage0, take the data from stage1
  */
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a oneway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1834,7 +1861,7 @@
 
 	if (old && same(old, a)) {
 		int update = 0;
-		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+		if (o->reset && o->update && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
 			struct stat st;
 			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
 			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index ec74a9f..36a73a6 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 struct unpack_trees_options;
 struct exclude_list;
 
-typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
+typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
 enum unpack_trees_error_types {
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 	const char *prefix;
 	int cache_bottom;
 	struct dir_struct *dir;
-	struct path_exclude_check *path_exclude_check;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 	merge_fn_t fn;
 	const char *msgs[NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES];
@@ -78,9 +77,13 @@
 extern int unpack_trees(unsigned n, struct tree_desc *t,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 2e90ccb..c989a73 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "version.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <dir>";
 
@@ -25,23 +27,25 @@
 #define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
 #define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+#define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
 static unsigned long oldest_have;
 
-static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int multi_ack;
 static int no_done;
 static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
 static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+static int allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
 static int shallow_nr;
 static struct object_array have_obj;
 static struct object_array want_obj;
 static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
 static unsigned int timeout;
+static int keepalive = 5;
 /* 0 for no sideband,
  * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
  */
 static int use_sideband;
-static int debug_fd;
 static int advertise_refs;
 static int stateless_rpc;
 
@@ -50,13 +54,6 @@
 	alarm(timeout);
 }
 
-static int strip(char *line, int len)
-{
-	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	return len;
-}
-
 static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 {
 	if (use_sideband)
@@ -69,93 +66,32 @@
 		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
 		return sz;
 	}
-	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
-}
-
-static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
-static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
-{
-	if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
-		fputc('-', pack_pipe);
-	if (fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), pack_pipe) < 0)
-		die("broken output pipe");
-	fputc('\n', pack_pipe);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
-}
-
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *component,
-			void *cb_data)
-{
-	show_object_with_name(pack_pipe, obj, path, component);
-}
-
-static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-}
-
-static int do_rev_list(int in, int out, void *user_data)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct rev_info revs;
-
-	pack_pipe = xfdopen(out, "w");
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	revs.tag_objects = 1;
-	revs.tree_objects = 1;
-	revs.blob_objects = 1;
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		revs.edge_hint = 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		/* why??? */
-		o->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = have_obj.objects[i].item;
-		o->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
-	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
-			fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(
-					extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	fclose(pack_pipe);
-	return 0;
+	write_or_die(fd, data, sz);
+	return sz;
 }
 
 static void create_pack_file(void)
 {
-	struct async rev_list;
 	struct child_process pack_objects;
-	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
 	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
 		"corruption on the remote side.";
 	int buffered = -1;
 	ssize_t sz;
-	const char *argv[10];
-	int arg = 0;
+	const char *argv[12];
+	int i, arg = 0;
+	FILE *pipe_fd;
+	char *shallow_file = NULL;
 
-	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
-	if (!shallow_nr) {
-		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
-		if (create_full_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--all";
-		else if (use_thin_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
+	if (shallow_nr) {
+		shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow();
+		argv[arg++] = "--shallow-file";
+		argv[arg++] = shallow_file;
 	}
+	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
+	argv[arg++] = "--revs";
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		argv[arg++] = "--thin";
 
 	argv[arg++] = "--stdout";
 	if (!no_progress)
@@ -176,29 +112,21 @@
 	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
 		die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-pack-objects");
 
-	if (shallow_nr) {
-		memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
-		rev_list.proc = do_rev_list;
-		rev_list.out = pack_objects.in;
-		if (start_async(&rev_list))
-			die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-rev-list");
-	}
-	else {
-		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
-		if (!create_full_pack) {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-		}
+	pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
 
-		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
-		fflush(pipe_fd);
-		fclose(pipe_fd);
-	}
-
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
+	fflush(pipe_fd);
+	fclose(pipe_fd);
 
 	/* We read from pack_objects.err to capture stderr output for
 	 * progress bar, and pack_objects.out to capture the pack data.
@@ -207,6 +135,7 @@
 	while (1) {
 		struct pollfd pfd[2];
 		int pe, pu, pollsize;
+		int ret;
 
 		reset_timeout();
 
@@ -229,7 +158,8 @@
 		if (!pollsize)
 			break;
 
-		if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+		ret = poll(pfd, pollsize, 1000 * keepalive);
+		if (ret < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
 				error("poll failed, resuming: %s",
 				      strerror(errno));
@@ -291,14 +221,32 @@
 			if (sz < 0)
 				goto fail;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We hit the keepalive timeout without saying anything; send
+		 * an empty message on the data sideband just to let the other
+		 * side know we're still working on it, but don't have any data
+		 * yet.
+		 *
+		 * If we don't have a sideband channel, there's no room in the
+		 * protocol to say anything, so those clients are just out of
+		 * luck.
+		 */
+		if (!ret && use_sideband) {
+			static const char buf[] = "0005\1";
+			write_or_die(1, buf, 5);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (finish_command(&pack_objects)) {
 		error("git upload-pack: git-pack-objects died with error.");
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	if (shallow_nr && finish_async(&rev_list))
-		goto fail;	/* error was already reported */
+	if (shallow_file) {
+		if (*shallow_file)
+			unlink(shallow_file);
+		free(shallow_file);
+	}
 
 	/* flush the data */
 	if (0 <= buffered) {
@@ -327,9 +275,7 @@
 	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return -1;
 
-	o = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!(o && o->parsed))
-		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -417,7 +363,6 @@
 
 static int get_common_commits(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char last_hex[41];
 	int got_common = 0;
@@ -427,10 +372,10 @@
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
 
-		if (!len) {
+		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
 			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
@@ -449,7 +394,6 @@
 			got_other = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
-		strip(line, len);
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
 			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
@@ -489,6 +433,12 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int is_our_ref(struct object *o)
+{
+	return o->flags &
+		((allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? HIDDEN_REF : 0) | OUR_REF);
+}
+
 static void check_non_tip(void)
 {
 	static const char *argv[] = {
@@ -525,7 +475,7 @@
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf + 1, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 42) < 0)
@@ -534,7 +484,7 @@
 	namebuf[40] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (o->flags & OUR_REF)
+		if (is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 41) < 0)
@@ -568,7 +518,7 @@
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
 	}
@@ -577,34 +527,33 @@
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len, depth = 0;
+	int depth = 0;
 	int has_non_tip = 0;
 
 	shallow_nr = 0;
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
 	for (;;) {
 		struct object *o;
 		const char *features;
 		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
-		if (!len)
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (debug_fd)
-			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
 
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			struct object *object;
-			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
 			object = parse_object(sha1);
 			if (!object)
-				die("did not find object for %s", line);
-			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
-			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+				continue;
+			if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("invalid shallow object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (!(object->flags & CLIENT_SHALLOW)) {
+				object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
@@ -640,19 +589,17 @@
 		if (parse_feature_request(features, "include-tag"))
 			use_include_tag = 1;
 
-		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		o = parse_object(sha1_buf);
 		if (!o)
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(sha1_buf));
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			if (!is_our_ref(o))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
 		}
 	}
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
@@ -670,10 +617,17 @@
 	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
 		return;
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		struct commit_list *result = NULL, *backup = NULL;
 		int i;
-		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
-			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH)
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+				struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+				object->flags |= NOT_SHALLOW;
+			}
+		else
+			backup = result =
+				get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+						    SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		while (result) {
 			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
 			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
@@ -720,64 +674,96 @@
 	free(shallows.objects);
 }
 
+/* return non-zero if the ref is hidden, otherwise 0 */
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(refname)) {
+		o->flags |= HIDDEN_REF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!o)
+		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void format_symref_info(struct strbuf *buf, struct string_list *symref)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!symref->nr)
+		return;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, symref)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, " symref=%s:%s", item->string, (char *)item->util);
+}
+
 static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
 		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
 		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
-	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
 	const char *refname_nons = strip_namespace(refname);
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
-	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
-		o->type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
-		if (o->type < 0)
-		    die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	}
+	if (mark_our_ref(refname, sha1, flag, NULL))
+		return 0;
 
-	if (capabilities)
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s agent=%s\n",
+	if (capabilities) {
+		struct strbuf symref_info = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		format_symref_info(&symref_info, cb_data);
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s%s%s agent=%s\n",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
 			     0, capabilities,
+			     allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? " allow-tip-sha1-in-want" : "",
 			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "",
+			     symref_info.buf,
 			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
-	else
+		strbuf_release(&symref_info);
+	} else {
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons);
+	}
 	capabilities = NULL;
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
-	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
-		if (o)
-			packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), refname_nons);
-	}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled))
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled), refname_nons);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int find_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
+		       void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
+	const char *symref_target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+
+	if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		return 0;
+	symref_target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, unused, 0, &flag);
+	if (!symref_target || (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		die("'%s' is a symref but it is not?", refname);
+	item = string_list_append(cb_data, refname);
+	item->util = xstrdup(symref_target);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void upload_pack(void)
 {
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	head_ref_namespaced(find_symref, &symref);
+
 	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
 		reset_timeout();
-		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, NULL);
-		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, &symref);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, &symref);
 		packet_flush(1);
 	} else {
 		head_ref_namespaced(mark_our_ref, NULL);
 		for_each_namespaced_ref(mark_our_ref, NULL);
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 1);
 	if (advertise_refs)
 		return;
 
@@ -788,6 +774,18 @@
 	}
 }
 
+static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant", var))
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp("uploadpack.keepalive", var)) {
+		keepalive = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (!keepalive)
+			keepalive = -1;
+	}
+	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *dir;
@@ -839,8 +837,7 @@
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
 	if (is_repository_shallow())
 		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
-	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
-		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 	upload_pack();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/urlmatch.c b/urlmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec87cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+#define URL_ALPHA "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define URL_DIGIT "0123456789"
+#define URL_ALPHADIGIT URL_ALPHA URL_DIGIT
+#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT "+.-"
+#define URL_HOST_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT ".-[:]" /* IPv6 literals need [:] */
+#define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS " <>\"%{}|\\^`" /* plus 0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF */
+#define URL_GEN_RESERVED ":/?#[]@"
+#define URL_SUB_RESERVED "!$&'()*+,;="
+#define URL_RESERVED URL_GEN_RESERVED URL_SUB_RESERVED /* only allowed delims */
+
+static int append_normalized_escapes(struct strbuf *buf,
+				     const char *from,
+				     size_t from_len,
+				     const char *esc_extra,
+				     const char *esc_ok)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Append to strbuf 'buf' characters from string 'from' with length
+	 * 'from_len' while unescaping characters that do not need to be escaped
+	 * and escaping characters that do.  The set of characters to escape
+	 * (the complement of which is unescaped) starts out as the RFC 3986
+	 * unsafe characters (0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF," <>\"#%{}|\\^`").  If
+	 * 'esc_extra' is not NULL, those additional characters will also always
+	 * be escaped.  If 'esc_ok' is not NULL, those characters will be left
+	 * escaped if found that way, but will not be unescaped otherwise (used
+	 * for delimiters).  If a %-escape sequence is encountered that is not
+	 * followed by 2 hexadecimal digits, the sequence is invalid and
+	 * false (0) will be returned.  Otherwise true (1) will be returned for
+	 * success.
+	 *
+	 * Note that all %-escape sequences will be normalized to UPPERCASE
+	 * as indicated in RFC 3986.  Unless included in esc_extra or esc_ok
+	 * alphanumerics and "-._~" will always be unescaped as per RFC 3986.
+	 */
+
+	while (from_len) {
+		int ch = *from++;
+		int was_esc = 0;
+
+		from_len--;
+		if (ch == '%') {
+			if (from_len < 2 ||
+			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)from[0]) ||
+			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)from[1]))
+				return 0;
+			ch = hexval_table[(unsigned char)*from++] << 4;
+			ch |= hexval_table[(unsigned char)*from++];
+			from_len -= 2;
+			was_esc = 1;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned char)ch <= 0x1F || (unsigned char)ch >= 0x7F ||
+		    strchr(URL_UNSAFE_CHARS, ch) ||
+		    (esc_extra && strchr(esc_extra, ch)) ||
+		    (was_esc && strchr(esc_ok, ch)))
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%%%02X", (unsigned char)ch);
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(buf, ch);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+char *url_normalize(const char *url, struct url_info *out_info)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Normalize NUL-terminated url using the following rules:
+	 *
+	 * 1. Case-insensitive parts of url will be converted to lower case
+	 * 2. %-encoded characters that do not need to be will be unencoded
+	 * 3. Characters that are not %-encoded and must be will be encoded
+	 * 4. All %-encodings will be converted to upper case hexadecimal
+	 * 5. Leading 0s are removed from port numbers
+	 * 6. If the default port for the scheme is given it will be removed
+	 * 7. A path part (including empty) not starting with '/' has one added
+	 * 8. Any dot segments (. or ..) in the path are resolved and removed
+	 * 9. IPv6 host literals are allowed (but not normalized or validated)
+	 *
+	 * The rules are based on information in RFC 3986.
+	 *
+	 * Please note this function requires a full URL including a scheme
+	 * and host part (except for file: URLs which may have an empty host).
+	 *
+	 * The return value is a newly allocated string that must be freed
+	 * or NULL if the url is not valid.
+	 *
+	 * If out_info is non-NULL, the url and err fields therein will always
+	 * be set.  If a non-NULL value is returned, it will be stored in
+	 * out_info->url as well, out_info->err will be set to NULL and the
+	 * other fields of *out_info will also be filled in.  If a NULL value
+	 * is returned, NULL will be stored in out_info->url and out_info->err
+	 * will be set to a brief, translated, error message, but no other
+	 * fields will be filled in.
+	 *
+	 * This is NOT a URL validation function.  Full URL validation is NOT
+	 * performed.  Some invalid host names are passed through this function
+	 * undetected.  However, most all other problems that make a URL invalid
+	 * will be detected (including a missing host for non file: URLs).
+	 */
+
+	size_t url_len = strlen(url);
+	struct strbuf norm;
+	size_t spanned;
+	size_t scheme_len, user_off=0, user_len=0, passwd_off=0, passwd_len=0;
+	size_t host_off=0, host_len=0, port_len=0, path_off, path_len, result_len;
+	const char *slash_ptr, *at_ptr, *colon_ptr, *path_start;
+	char *result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy lowercased scheme and :// suffix, %-escapes are not allowed
+	 * First character of scheme must be URL_ALPHA
+	 */
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);
+	if (!spanned || !isalpha(url[0]) || spanned + 3 > url_len ||
+	    url[spanned] != ':' || url[spanned+1] != '/' || url[spanned+2] != '/') {
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix");
+		}
+		return NULL; /* Bad scheme and/or missing "://" part */
+	}
+	strbuf_init(&norm, url_len);
+	scheme_len = spanned;
+	spanned += 3;
+	url_len -= spanned;
+	while (spanned--)
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy any username:password if present normalizing %-escapes
+	 */
+	at_ptr = strchr(url, '@');
+	slash_ptr = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+	if (at_ptr && at_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		user_off = norm.len;
+		if (at_ptr > url) {
+			if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, at_ptr - url,
+						       "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			colon_ptr = strchr(norm.buf + scheme_len + 3, ':');
+			if (colon_ptr) {
+				passwd_off = (colon_ptr + 1) - norm.buf;
+				passwd_len = norm.len - passwd_off;
+				user_len = (passwd_off - 1) - (scheme_len + 3);
+			} else {
+				user_len = norm.len - (scheme_len + 3);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, '@');
+		url_len -= (++at_ptr - url);
+		url = at_ptr;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the host part excluding any port part, no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (!url_len || strchr(":/?#", *url)) {
+		/* Missing host invalid for all URL schemes except file */
+		if (strncmp(norm.buf, "file:", 5)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("missing host and scheme is not 'file:'");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		host_off = norm.len;
+	}
+	colon_ptr = slash_ptr - 1;
+	while (colon_ptr > url && *colon_ptr != ':' && *colon_ptr != ']')
+		colon_ptr--;
+	if (*colon_ptr != ':') {
+		colon_ptr = slash_ptr;
+	} else if (!host_off && colon_ptr < slash_ptr && colon_ptr + 1 != slash_ptr) {
+		/* file: URLs may not have a port number */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("a 'file:' URL may not have a port number");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_HOST_CHARS);
+	if (spanned < colon_ptr - url) {
+		/* Host name has invalid characters */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid characters in host name");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while (url < colon_ptr) {
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+		url_len--;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the port part and copy if not the default (after removing any
+	 * leading 0s); no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (colon_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		/* skip the ':' and leading 0s but not the last one if all 0s */
+		url++;
+		url += strspn(url, "0");
+		if (url == slash_ptr && url[-1] == '0')
+			url--;
+		if (url == slash_ptr) {
+			/* Skip ":" port with no number, it's same as default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 2 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "http:", 5) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "80", 2)) {
+			/* Skip http :80 as it's the default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 3 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "https:", 6) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "443", 3)) {
+			/* Skip https :443 as it's the default */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Port number must be all digits with leading 0s removed
+			 * and since all the protocols we deal with have a 16-bit
+			 * port number it must also be in the range 1..65535
+			 * 0 is not allowed because that means "next available"
+			 * on just about every system and therefore cannot be used
+			 */
+			unsigned long pnum = 0;
+			spanned = strspn(url, URL_DIGIT);
+			if (spanned < slash_ptr - url) {
+				/* port number has invalid characters */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if (slash_ptr - url <= 5)
+				pnum = strtoul(url, NULL, 10);
+			if (pnum == 0 || pnum > 65535) {
+				/* port number not in range 1..65535 */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, ':');
+			strbuf_add(&norm, url, slash_ptr - url);
+			port_len = slash_ptr - url;
+		}
+		url_len -= slash_ptr - colon_ptr;
+		url = slash_ptr;
+	}
+	if (host_off)
+		host_len = norm.len - host_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now copy the path resolving any . and .. segments being careful not
+	 * to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters, but do add an
+	 * initial '/' if it's missing and do normalize any %-escape sequences.
+	 */
+	path_off = norm.len;
+	path_start = norm.buf + path_off;
+	strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	if (*url == '/') {
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *seg_start;
+		size_t seg_start_off = norm.len;
+		const char *next_slash = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+		int skip_add_slash = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * RFC 3689 indicates that any . or .. segments should be
+		 * unescaped before being checked for.
+		 */
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, next_slash - url, "",
+					       URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		seg_start = norm.buf + seg_start_off;
+		if (!strcmp(seg_start, ".")) {
+			/* ignore a . segment; be careful not to remove initial '/' */
+			if (seg_start == path_start + 1) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 2);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(seg_start, "..")) {
+			/*
+			 * ignore a .. segment and remove the previous segment;
+			 * be careful not to remove initial '/' from path
+			 */
+			const char *prev_slash = norm.buf + norm.len - 3;
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				/* invalid .. because no previous segment to remove */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid '..' path segment");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			while (*--prev_slash != '/') {}
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf + 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf);
+			}
+		}
+		url_len -= next_slash - url;
+		url = next_slash;
+		/* if the next char is not '/' done with the path */
+		if (*url != '/')
+			break;
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+		if (!skip_add_slash)
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	}
+	path_len = norm.len - path_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now simply copy the rest, if any, only normalizing %-escapes and
+	 * being careful not to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters.
+	 */
+	if (*url) {
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, url_len, "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	result = strbuf_detach(&norm, &result_len);
+	if (out_info) {
+		out_info->url = result;
+		out_info->err = NULL;
+		out_info->url_len = result_len;
+		out_info->scheme_len = scheme_len;
+		out_info->user_off = user_off;
+		out_info->user_len = user_len;
+		out_info->passwd_off = passwd_off;
+		out_info->passwd_len = passwd_len;
+		out_info->host_off = host_off;
+		out_info->host_len = host_len;
+		out_info->port_len = port_len;
+		out_info->path_off = path_off;
+		out_info->path_len = path_len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static size_t url_match_prefix(const char *url,
+			       const char *url_prefix,
+			       size_t url_prefix_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if url_prefix is an exact match for url or it
+	 * is a prefix of url and the match ends on a path component boundary.
+	 * Both url and url_prefix are considered to have an implicit '/' on the
+	 * end for matching purposes if they do not already.
+	 *
+	 * url must be NUL terminated.  url_prefix_len is the length of
+	 * url_prefix which need not be NUL terminated.
+	 *
+	 * The return value is the length of the match in characters (including
+	 * the final '/' even if it's implicit) or 0 for no match.
+	 *
+	 * Passing NULL as url and/or url_prefix will always cause 0 to be
+	 * returned without causing any faults.
+	 */
+	if (!url || !url_prefix)
+		return 0;
+	if (!url_prefix_len || (url_prefix_len == 1 && *url_prefix == '/'))
+		return (!*url || *url == '/') ? 1 : 0;
+	if (url_prefix[url_prefix_len - 1] == '/')
+		url_prefix_len--;
+	if (strncmp(url, url_prefix, url_prefix_len))
+		return 0;
+	if ((strlen(url) == url_prefix_len) || (url[url_prefix_len] == '/'))
+		return url_prefix_len + 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_urls(const struct url_info *url,
+	       const struct url_info *url_prefix,
+	       int *exactusermatch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if the scheme, host and port of url_prefix
+	 * are the same as those of url and the path portion of url_prefix
+	 * is the same as the path portion of url or it is a prefix that
+	 * matches at a '/' boundary.  If url_prefix contains a user name,
+	 * that must also exactly match the user name in url.
+	 *
+	 * If the user, host, port and path match in this fashion, the returned
+	 * value is the length of the path match including any implicit
+	 * final '/'.  For example, "http://me@example.com/path" is matched by
+	 * "http://example.com" with a path length of 1.
+	 *
+	 * If there is a match and exactusermatch is not NULL, then
+	 * *exactusermatch will be set to true if both url and url_prefix
+	 * contained a user name or false if url_prefix did not have a
+	 * user name.  If there is no match *exactusermatch is left untouched.
+	 */
+	int usermatched = 0;
+	int pathmatchlen;
+
+	if (!url || !url_prefix || !url->url || !url_prefix->url)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* check the scheme */
+	if (url_prefix->scheme_len != url->scheme_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url, url_prefix->url, url->scheme_len))
+		return 0; /* schemes do not match */
+
+	/* check the user name if url_prefix has one */
+	if (url_prefix->user_off) {
+		if (!url->user_off || url->user_len != url_prefix->user_len ||
+		    strncmp(url->url + url->user_off,
+			    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->user_off,
+			    url->user_len))
+			return 0; /* url_prefix has a user but it's not a match */
+		usermatched = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* check the host and port */
+	if (url_prefix->host_len != url->host_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url + url->host_off,
+		    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->host_off, url->host_len))
+		return 0; /* host names and/or ports do not match */
+
+	/* check the path */
+	pathmatchlen = url_match_prefix(
+		url->url + url->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url + url_prefix->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url_len - url_prefix->path_off);
+
+	if (pathmatchlen && exactusermatch)
+		*exactusermatch = usermatched;
+	return pathmatchlen;
+}
+
+int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config *collect = cb;
+	struct urlmatch_item *matched;
+	struct url_info *url = &collect->url;
+	const char *key, *dot;
+	struct strbuf synthkey = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t matched_len = 0;
+	int user_matched = 0;
+	int retval;
+
+	key = skip_prefix(var, collect->section);
+	if (!key || *(key++) != '.') {
+		if (collect->cascade_fn)
+			return collect->cascade_fn(var, value, cb);
+		return 0; /* not interested */
+	}
+	dot = strrchr(key, '.');
+	if (dot) {
+		char *config_url, *norm_url;
+		struct url_info norm_info;
+
+		config_url = xmemdupz(key, dot - key);
+		norm_url = url_normalize(config_url, &norm_info);
+		free(config_url);
+		if (!norm_url)
+			return 0;
+		matched_len = match_urls(url, &norm_info, &user_matched);
+		free(norm_url);
+		if (!matched_len)
+			return 0;
+		key = dot + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (collect->key && strcmp(key, collect->key))
+		return 0;
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&collect->vars, key);
+	if (!item->util) {
+		matched = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*matched));
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		matched = item->util;
+		/*
+		 * Is our match shorter?  Is our match the same
+		 * length, and without user while the current
+		 * candidate is with user?  Then we cannot use it.
+		 */
+		if (matched_len < matched->matched_len ||
+		    ((matched_len == matched->matched_len) &&
+		     (!user_matched && matched->user_matched)))
+			return 0;
+		/* Otherwise, replace it with this one. */
+	}
+
+	matched->matched_len = matched_len;
+	matched->user_matched = user_matched;
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, collect->section);
+	strbuf_addch(&synthkey, '.');
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, key);
+	retval = collect->collect_fn(synthkey.buf, value, collect->cb);
+
+	strbuf_release(&synthkey);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/urlmatch.h b/urlmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b461dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef URL_MATCH_H
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct url_info {
+	/* normalized url on success, must be freed, otherwise NULL */
+	char *url;
+	/* if !url, a brief reason for the failure, otherwise NULL */
+	const char *err;
+
+	/* the rest of the fields are only set if url != NULL */
+
+	size_t url_len;		/* total length of url (which is now normalized) */
+	size_t scheme_len;	/* length of scheme name (excluding final :) */
+	size_t user_off;	/* offset into url to start of user name (0 => none) */
+	size_t user_len;	/* length of user name; if user_off != 0 but
+				   user_len == 0, an empty user name was given */
+	size_t passwd_off;	/* offset into url to start of passwd (0 => none) */
+	size_t passwd_len;	/* length of passwd; if passwd_off != 0 but
+				   passwd_len == 0, an empty passwd was given */
+	size_t host_off;	/* offset into url to start of host name (0 => none) */
+	size_t host_len;	/* length of host name; this INCLUDES any ':portnum';
+				 * file urls may have host_len == 0 */
+	size_t port_len;	/* if a portnum is present (port_len != 0), it has
+				 * this length (excluding the leading ':') at the
+				 * end of the host name (always 0 for file urls) */
+	size_t path_off;	/* offset into url to the start of the url path;
+				 * this will always point to a '/' character
+				 * after the url has been normalized */
+	size_t path_len;	/* length of path portion excluding any trailing
+				 * '?...' and '#...' portion; will always be >= 1 */
+};
+
+extern char *url_normalize(const char *, struct url_info *);
+extern int match_urls(const struct url_info *url, const struct url_info *url_prefix, int *exactusermatch);
+
+struct urlmatch_item {
+	size_t matched_len;
+	char user_matched;
+};
+
+struct urlmatch_config {
+	struct string_list vars;
+	struct url_info url;
+	const char *section;
+	const char *key;
+
+	void *cb;
+	int (*collect_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+	int (*cascade_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+};
+
+extern int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+
+#endif /* URL_MATCH_H */
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
index a2a6678..ed14645 100644
--- a/usage.c
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -47,12 +47,19 @@
 	vreportf("warning: ", warn, params);
 }
 
+static int die_is_recursing_builtin(void)
+{
+	static int dying;
+	return dying++;
+}
+
 /* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
  * (ugh), so keep things static. */
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
 static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
 static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+static int (*die_is_recursing)(void) = die_is_recursing_builtin;
 
 void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 {
@@ -64,6 +71,11 @@
 	error_routine = routine;
 }
 
+void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void))
+{
+	die_is_recursing = routine;
+}
+
 void NORETURN usagef(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -82,6 +94,11 @@
 {
 	va_list params;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die handler\n", stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	va_start(params, err);
 	die_routine(err, params);
 	va_end(params);
@@ -94,6 +111,12 @@
 	char str_error[256], *err;
 	int i, j;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die_errno handler\n",
+			stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	err = strerror(errno);
 	for (i = j = 0; err[i] && j < sizeof(str_error) - 1; ) {
 		if ((str_error[j++] = err[i++]) != '%')
@@ -115,6 +138,7 @@
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+#undef error
 int error(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index ed958ef..ea43a03 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -184,35 +184,6 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
-		const char *value, const char *type)
-{
-	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-	const char *dot;
-	const char *name;
-	int namelen;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
-		return NULL;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 4)
-		return NULL;
-	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = var + 5;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
-	if (!drv) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
-		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
-		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
-		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
-		drv->binary = -1;
-	}
-	return drv;
-}
-
 static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
 		const char *v, int cflags)
 {
@@ -240,20 +211,34 @@
 int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *name, *type;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+	if (parse_config_key(k, "diff", &name, &namelen, &type) || !name)
+		return 0;
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(type, "funcname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "xfuncname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "binary"))
 		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "command"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->external, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "textconv"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "cachetextconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "cachetextconv"))
 		return parse_bool(&drv->textconv_want_cache, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 5c61bbe..0d20e0a 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -9,6 +9,20 @@
   int last;
 };
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
 /* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
 static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
@@ -252,18 +266,26 @@
  * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
  * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
  */
-int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi)
 {
 	int width = 0;
 	const char *orig = string;
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!string)
-			return strlen(orig);
-		if (!*string)
-			return width;
+	if (len == -1)
+		len = strlen(string);
+	while (string && string < orig + len) {
+		int skip;
+		while (skip_ansi &&
+		       (skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(string)) != 0)
+			string += skip;
 		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
 	}
+	return string ? width : len;
+}
+
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	return utf8_strnwidth(string, -1, 0);
 }
 
 int is_utf8(const char *text)
@@ -303,27 +325,13 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
-{
-	const char *p = s;
-	if (*p++ != '\033')
-		return 0;
-	if (*p++ != '[')
-		return 0;
-	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
-		p++;
-	if (*p++ != 'm')
-		return 0;
-	return p - s;
-}
-
 /*
  * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
  * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
  * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
  * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
  */
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent1, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	int indent, w, assume_utf8 = 1;
@@ -332,7 +340,7 @@
 
 	if (width <= 0) {
 		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent1, indent2);
-		return 1;
+		return;
 	}
 
 retry:
@@ -356,14 +364,14 @@
 			if (w <= width || !space) {
 				const char *start = bol;
 				if (!c && text == start)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				if (space)
 					start = space;
 				else
 					strbuf_addchars(buf, ' ', indent);
 				strbuf_add(buf, start, text - start);
 				if (!c)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				space = text;
 				if (c == '\t')
 					w |= 0x07;
@@ -405,13 +413,58 @@
 	}
 }
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	char *tmp = xstrndup(data, len);
-	int r = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
 	free(tmp);
-	return r;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb_src, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *src = sb_src->buf;
+	char *end = src + sb_src->len;
+	char *dst;
+	int w = 0, subst_len = 0;
+
+	if (subst)
+		subst_len = strlen(subst);
+	strbuf_grow(&sb_dst, sb_src->len + subst_len);
+	dst = sb_dst.buf;
+
+	while (src < end) {
+		char *old;
+		size_t n;
+
+		while ((n = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(src))) {
+			memcpy(dst, src, n);
+			src += n;
+			dst += n;
+		}
+
+		old = src;
+		n = utf8_width((const char**)&src, NULL);
+		if (!src) 	/* broken utf-8, do nothing */
+			return;
+		if (n && w >= pos && w < pos + width) {
+			if (subst) {
+				memcpy(dst, subst, subst_len);
+				dst += subst_len;
+				subst = NULL;
+			}
+			w += n;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(dst, old, src - old);
+		dst += src - old;
+		w += n;
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&sb_dst, dst - sb_dst.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(sb_src, &sb_dst);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_dst);
 }
 
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
@@ -431,6 +484,27 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Wrapper for fprintf and returns the total number of columns required
+ * for the printed string, assuming that the string is utf8.
+ */
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list arg;
+	int columns;
+
+	va_start(arg, format);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	columns = fputs(buf.buf, stream);
+	if (0 <= columns) /* keep the error from the I/O */
+		columns = utf8_strwidth(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return columns;
+}
+
+/*
  * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
  * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
  */
@@ -440,7 +514,7 @@
 #else
 	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
 #endif
-char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv)
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv, int *outsz_p)
 {
 	size_t outsz, outalloc;
 	char *out, *outpos;
@@ -474,24 +548,83 @@
 		}
 		else {
 			*outpos = '\0';
+			if (outsz_p)
+				*outsz_p = outpos - out;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	return out;
 }
 
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz)
 {
 	iconv_t conv;
 	char *out;
 
 	if (!in_encoding)
 		return NULL;
+
 	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
-	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
-		return NULL;
-	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, strlen(in), conv);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1) {
+		/*
+		 * Some platforms do not have the variously spelled variants of
+		 * UTF-8, so let's fall back to trying the most official
+		 * spelling. We do so only as a fallback in case the platform
+		 * does understand the user's spelling, but not our official
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(in_encoding))
+			in_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(out_encoding))
+			out_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+		if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, insz, conv, outsz);
 	iconv_close(conv);
 	return out;
 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Returns first character length in bytes for multi-byte `text` according to
+ * `encoding`.
+ *
+ * - The `text` pointer is updated to point at the next character.
+ * - When `remainder_p` is not NULL, on entry `*remainder_p` is how much bytes
+ *   we can consume from text, and on exit `*remainder_p` is reduced by returned
+ *   character length. Otherwise `text` is treated as limited by NUL.
+ */
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding)
+{
+	int chrlen;
+	const char *p = *text;
+	size_t r = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : SIZE_MAX);
+
+	if (r < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		pick_one_utf8_char(&p, &r);
+
+		chrlen = p ? (p - *text)
+			   : 1 /* not valid UTF-8 -> raw byte sequence */;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * TODO use iconv to decode one char and obtain its chrlen
+		 * for now, let's treat encodings != UTF-8 as one-byte
+		 */
+		chrlen = 1;
+	}
+
+	*text += chrlen;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p -= chrlen;
+
+	return chrlen;
+}
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
index 93ef600..65d0e42 100644
--- a/utf8.h
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -3,22 +3,43 @@
 
 typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s);
 int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi);
 int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
 int is_utf8(const char *text);
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
 int same_encoding(const char *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width);
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst);
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
-char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv);
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz,
+			    iconv_t conv, int *outsz);
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding,
+			  const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz);
 #else
-#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+#define reencode_string_len(a,b,c,d,e) NULL
 #endif
 
+static inline char *reencode_string(const char *in,
+				    const char *out_encoding,
+				    const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	return reencode_string_len(in, strlen(in),
+				   out_encoding, in_encoding,
+				   NULL);
+}
+
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
index 1f04697..f2b23c8 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
  * See LICENSE for details.
  */
 
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
 #include "repo_tree.h"
@@ -68,11 +67,33 @@
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref)
+{
+	static int firstnote = 1;
+	size_t loglen = strlen(log);
+	printf("commit %s\n", note_ref);
+	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n", author, author, "local", timestamp);
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)loglen);
+	fwrite(log, loglen, 1, stdout);
+	if (firstnote) {
+		if (revision > 1)
+			printf("from %s^0", note_ref);
+		firstnote = 0;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref)
+{
+	printf("N %s %s\n", dataref, committish);
+}
+
 static char gitsvnline[MAX_GITSVN_LINE_LEN];
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 			const struct strbuf *log,
 			const char *uuid, const char *url,
-			unsigned long timestamp)
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref)
 {
 	static const struct strbuf empty = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!log)
@@ -84,7 +105,7 @@
 	} else {
 		*gitsvnline = '\0';
 	}
-	printf("commit refs/heads/master\n");
+	printf("commit %s\n", local_ref);
 	printf("mark :%"PRIu32"\n", revision);
 	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n",
 		   *author ? author : "nobody",
@@ -222,6 +243,13 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)data->len);
+	fwrite(data->buf, data->len, 1, stdout);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
 {
 	assert(len >= 0);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
index 8823aca..c8b5adb 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
@@ -9,11 +9,15 @@
 
 void fast_export_delete(const char *path);
 void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref);
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
-			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,
-			const char *url, unsigned long timestamp);
+			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,const char *url,
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref);
 void fast_export_end_commit(uint32_t revision);
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data);
 void fast_export_blob_delta(uint32_t mode,
 			uint32_t old_mode, const char *old_data,
 			off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.c b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
index 2b168ae..31d1d83 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 static struct {
 	uint32_t revision;
 	unsigned long timestamp;
-	struct strbuf log, author;
+	struct strbuf log, author, note;
 } rev_ctx;
 
 static struct {
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 	rev_ctx.timestamp = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.log);
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.note);
 }
 
 static void reset_dump_ctx(const char *url)
@@ -299,22 +300,29 @@
 				node_ctx.text_length, &input);
 }
 
-static void begin_revision(void)
+static void begin_revision(const char *remote_ref)
 {
 	if (!rev_ctx.revision)	/* revision 0 gets no git commit. */
 		return;
 	fast_export_begin_commit(rev_ctx.revision, rev_ctx.author.buf,
 		&rev_ctx.log, dump_ctx.uuid.buf, dump_ctx.url.buf,
-		rev_ctx.timestamp);
+		rev_ctx.timestamp, remote_ref);
 }
 
-static void end_revision(void)
+static void end_revision(const char *note_ref)
 {
-	if (rev_ctx.revision)
+	struct strbuf mark = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (rev_ctx.revision) {
 		fast_export_end_commit(rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_begin_note(rev_ctx.revision, "remote-svn",
+				"Note created by remote-svn.", rev_ctx.timestamp, note_ref);
+		strbuf_addf(&mark, ":%"PRIu32, rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_note(mark.buf, "inline");
+		fast_export_buf_to_data(&rev_ctx.note);
+	}
 }
 
-void svndump_read(const char *url)
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref)
 {
 	char *val;
 	char *t;
@@ -353,11 +361,12 @@
 			if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 				handle_node();
 			if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-				begin_revision();
+				begin_revision(local_ref);
 			if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-				end_revision();
+				end_revision(notes_ref);
 			active_ctx = REV_CTX;
 			reset_rev_ctx(atoi(val));
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-path"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-"))
@@ -366,13 +375,15 @@
 				if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 					handle_node();
 				if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-					begin_revision();
+					begin_revision(local_ref);
 				active_ctx = NODE_CTX;
 				reset_node_ctx(val);
+				strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 				break;
 			}
 			if (constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "kind"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "dir"))
 				node_ctx.type = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			else if (!strcmp(val, "file"))
@@ -383,6 +394,7 @@
 		case sizeof("Node-action"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-action"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "delete")) {
 				node_ctx.action = NODEACT_DELETE;
 			} else if (!strcmp(val, "add")) {
@@ -401,11 +413,13 @@
 				continue;
 			strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 			strbuf_addstr(&node_ctx.src, val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-copyfrom-rev"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-copyfrom-rev"))
 				continue;
 			node_ctx.srcRev = atoi(val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-content-length"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Text") && constcmp(t, "Prop"))
@@ -463,25 +477,40 @@
 	if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 		handle_node();
 	if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-		begin_revision();
+		begin_revision(local_ref);
 	if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-		end_revision();
+		end_revision(notes_ref);
 }
 
-int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+static void init(int report_fd)
 {
-	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-	fast_export_init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	fast_export_init(report_fd);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.uuid, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.url, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.log, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.author, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.note, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.src, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.dst, 4096);
 	reset_dump_ctx(NULL);
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
+	return;
+}
+
+int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+{
+	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
+		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename ? filename : "NULL", strerror(errno));
+	init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd)
+{
+	if(buffer_fdinit(&input, xdup(in_fd)))
+		return error("cannot open fd %d: %s", in_fd, strerror(errno));
+	init(xdup(back_fd));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -492,6 +521,8 @@
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.note);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.src);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.dst);
 	if (buffer_deinit(&input))
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.h b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
index df9ceb0..b8eb129 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #define SVNDUMP_H_
 
 int svndump_init(const char *filename);
-void svndump_read(const char *url);
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd);
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref);
 void svndump_deinit(void);
 void svndump_reset(void);
 
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
index be389dc..633596e 100644
--- a/walker.c
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@
 		if (!obj || process(walker, obj))
 			return -1;
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
-	tree->size = 0;
-	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f91ba99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+**  Do shell-style pattern matching for ?, \, [], and * characters.
+**  It is 8bit clean.
+**
+**  Written by Rich $alz, mirror!rs, Wed Nov 26 19:03:17 EST 1986.
+**  Rich $alz is now <rsalz@bbn.com>.
+**
+**  Modified by Wayne Davison to special-case '/' matching, to make '**'
+**  work differently than '*', and to fix the character-class code.
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+/* What character marks an inverted character class? */
+#define NEGATE_CLASS	'!'
+#define NEGATE_CLASS2	'^'
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+# define ISASCII(c) 1
+#else
+# define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+# define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII(c) && isblank(c))
+#else
+# define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isgraph
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isgraph(c))
+#else
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isdigit(c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalnum(c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalpha(c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII(c) && iscntrl(c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII(c) && islower(c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII(c) && ispunct(c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII(c) && isspace(c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII(c) && isupper(c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isxdigit(c))
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else
+					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char*)text, '/') != NULL)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+#ifdef NEGATE_CLASS2
+			if (p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS2)
+				p_ch = NEGATE_CLASS;
+#endif
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags, struct wildopts *wo)
+{
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4090c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef WILDMATCH_H
+#define WILDMATCH_H
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+struct wildopts;
+
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags,
+	      struct wildopts *wo);
+#endif
diff --git a/wrap-for-bin.sh b/wrap-for-bin.sh
index 53a8dd0..701d233 100644
--- a/wrap-for-bin.sh
+++ b/wrap-for-bin.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/templates/blt'
 	export GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR
 fi
-GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'
+GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
 GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/po/build/locale'
 PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@/bin-wrappers:'"$PATH"
 export GIT_EXEC_PATH GITPERLLIB PATH GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index 68739aa..0cc5636 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -131,6 +131,14 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Limit size of IO chunks, because huge chunks only cause pain.  OS X
+ * 64-bit is buggy, returning EINVAL if len >= INT_MAX; and even in
+ * the absence of bugs, large chunks can result in bad latencies when
+ * you decide to kill the process.
+ */
+#define MAX_IO_SIZE (8*1024*1024)
+
+/*
  * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
  * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
  * DOES NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
@@ -138,6 +146,8 @@
 ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = read(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -154,6 +164,8 @@
 ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = write(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		const char *nonrelative_template;
 
-		if (!template[0])
+		if (strlen(template) != strlen(origtemplate))
 			template = origtemplate;
 
 		nonrelative_template = absolute_path(template);
@@ -322,7 +334,7 @@
 		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
 
 		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
-		if (fd > 0)
+		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 		/*
 		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
@@ -348,10 +360,12 @@
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, 0, mode);
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
 {
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, suffix_len, 0600);
 }
+#endif
 
 int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 {
@@ -408,14 +422,28 @@
 	warning(_("unable to access '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode)
+static int access_error_is_ok(int err, unsigned flag)
+{
+	return err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR ||
+		((flag & ACCESS_EACCES_OK) && err == EACCES);
+}
+
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
 {
 	int ret = access(path, mode);
-	if (ret && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
 		warn_on_inaccessible(path);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		die_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void)
 {
 	struct passwd *pw;
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
index d45b536..b50f99a 100644
--- a/write_or_die.c
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static void check_pipe(int err)
+{
+	if (err == EPIPE) {
+		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(SIGPIPE);
+		/* Should never happen, but just in case... */
+		exit(141);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
  * to get error handling (and to get better interactive
@@ -34,13 +44,7 @@
 			return;
 	}
 	if (fflush(f)) {
-		/*
-		 * On Windows, EPIPE is returned only by the first write()
-		 * after the reading end has closed its handle; subsequent
-		 * write()s return EINVAL.
-		 */
-		if (errno == EPIPE || errno == EINVAL)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
 	}
 }
@@ -55,8 +59,7 @@
 void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write error");
 	}
 }
@@ -64,8 +67,7 @@
 int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
 			msg, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 2a9658b..85390b8 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "wt-status.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -8,12 +9,16 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "column.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
+static char cut_line[] =
+"------------------------ >8 ------------------------\n";
+
 static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, /* WT_STATUS_HEADER */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,  /* WT_STATUS_UPDATED */
@@ -45,9 +50,11 @@
 
 	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
 	if (!sb.len) {
-		strbuf_addch(&sb, '#');
-		if (!trail)
-			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, comment_line_char);
+			if (!trail)
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		}
 		color_print_strbuf(s->fp, color, &sb);
 		if (trail)
 			fprintf(s->fp, "%s", trail);
@@ -58,8 +65,8 @@
 		eol = strchr(line, '\n');
 
 		strbuf_reset(&linebuf);
-		if (at_bol) {
-			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, '#');
+		if (at_bol && s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, comment_line_char);
 			if (*line != '\n' && *line != '\t')
 				strbuf_addch(&linebuf, ' ');
 		}
@@ -127,6 +134,8 @@
 	s->change.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->untracked.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->ignored.strdup_strings = 1;
+	s->show_branch = -1;  /* unspecified */
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 0;
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		;
@@ -186,7 +195,7 @@
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		; /* NEEDSWORK: use "git reset --unresolve"??? */
@@ -204,7 +213,7 @@
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (!has_deleted)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
@@ -222,7 +231,7 @@
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"), how);
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
@@ -243,7 +252,7 @@
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *one, *how = _("bug");
 
-	one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 	switch (d->stagemask) {
 	case 1: how = _("both deleted:"); break;
@@ -264,7 +273,7 @@
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
-	int status = status;
+	int status;
 	char *one_name;
 	char *two_name;
 	const char *one, *two;
@@ -292,10 +301,13 @@
 		}
 		status = d->worktree_status;
 		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
+		    change_type);
 	}
 
-	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
-	two = quote_path(two_name, -1, &twobuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(one_name, s->prefix, &onebuf);
+	two = quote_path(two_name, s->prefix, &twobuf);
 
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 	switch (status) {
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@
 static int unmerged_mask(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, mask;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 	if (0 <= pos)
@@ -434,7 +446,7 @@
 	}
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
 }
 
@@ -459,22 +471,20 @@
 	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 200;
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int i;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, s->pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &s->pathspec))
 			continue;
 		it = string_list_insert(&s->change, ce->name);
 		d = it->util;
@@ -489,45 +499,57 @@
 		else
 			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct timeval t_begin;
 
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option)
+		gettimeofday(&t_begin, NULL);
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	if (s->show_ignored_files)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO;
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &s->pathspec);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-		    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+		    match_pathspec_depth(&s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
 			string_list_insert(&s->untracked, ent->name);
 		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	if (s->show_ignored_files) {
-		dir.nr = 0;
-		dir.flags = DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
-		fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-			struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-			if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-			    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
-				string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-			free(ent);
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
+		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
+		    match_pathspec_depth(&s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
+		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	free(dir.entries);
+	free(dir.ignored);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option) {
+		struct timeval t_end;
+		gettimeofday(&t_end, NULL);
+		s->untracked_in_ms =
+			(uint64_t)t_end.tv_sec * 1000 + t_end.tv_usec / 1000 -
+			((uint64_t)t_begin.tv_sec * 1000 + t_begin.tv_usec / 1000);
+	}
 }
 
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -646,29 +668,57 @@
 	char summary_limit[64];
 	char index[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *env[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	const char *argv[8];
-
-	env[0] =	index;
-	argv[0] =	"submodule";
-	argv[1] =	"summary";
-	argv[2] =	uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached";
-	argv[3] =	"--for-status";
-	argv[4] =	"--summary-limit";
-	argv[5] =	summary_limit;
-	argv[6] =	uncommitted ? NULL : (s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
-	argv[7] =	NULL;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cmd_stdout = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf summary = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *summary_content;
+	size_t len;
 
 	sprintf(summary_limit, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
 	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
 
+	env[0] = index;
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "submodule");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "summary");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--for-status");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--summary-limit");
+	argv_array_push(&argv, summary_limit);
+	if (!uncommitted)
+		argv_array_push(&argv, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
+
 	memset(&sm_summary, 0, sizeof(sm_summary));
-	sm_summary.argv = argv;
+	sm_summary.argv = argv.argv;
 	sm_summary.env = env;
 	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
 	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
 	fflush(s->fp);
-	sm_summary.out = dup(fileno(s->fp));    /* run_command closes it */
+	sm_summary.out = -1;
+
 	run_command(&sm_summary);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&cmd_stdout, sm_summary.out, 1024);
+
+	/* prepend header, only if there's an actual output */
+	if (len) {
+		if (uncommitted)
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodules changed but not updated:"));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodule changes to be committed:"));
+		strbuf_addstr(&summary, "\n\n");
+	}
+	strbuf_addbuf(&summary, &cmd_stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&cmd_stdout);
+
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		summary_content = strbuf_detach(&summary, &len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&summary, summary_content, len);
+		free(summary_content);
+	}
+
+	fputs(summary.buf, s->fp);
+	strbuf_release(&summary);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -690,8 +740,7 @@
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		const char *path;
 		it = &(l->items[i]);
-		path = quote_path(it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				  &buf, s->prefix);
+		path = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf);
 		if (column_active(s->colopts)) {
 			string_list_append(&output, path);
 			continue;
@@ -703,10 +752,11 @@
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (!column_active(s->colopts))
-		return;
+		goto conclude;
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s#\t%s",
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s\t%s",
 		    color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
+		    s->display_comment_prefix ? "#" : "",
 		    color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s));
 	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
 	copts.padding = 1;
@@ -716,6 +766,20 @@
 	print_columns(&output, s->colopts, &copts);
 	string_list_clear(&output, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+conclude:
+	status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+}
+
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	struct strbuf pattern = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&pattern, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	p = strstr(buf->buf, pattern.buf);
+	if (p && (p == buf->buf || p[-1] == '\n'))
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, p - buf->buf);
+	strbuf_release(&pattern);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -738,10 +802,20 @@
 	 * If we're not going to stdout, then we definitely don't
 	 * want color, since we are going to the commit message
 	 * file (and even the "auto" setting won't work, since it
-	 * will have checked isatty on stdout).
+	 * will have checked isatty on stdout). But we then do want
+	 * to insert the scissor line here to reliably remove the
+	 * diff before committing.
 	 */
-	if (s->fp != stdout)
+	if (s->fp != stdout) {
+		const char *explanation = _("Do not touch the line above.\nEverything below will be removed.");
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 		rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+		fprintf(s->fp, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, explanation, strlen(explanation));
+		fputs(buf.buf, s->fp);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
 
@@ -750,6 +824,8 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *cp, *ep;
 	struct branch *branch;
+	char comment_line_string[3];
+	int i;
 
 	assert(s->branch && !s->is_initial);
 	if (prefixcmp(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
@@ -758,10 +834,22 @@
 	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
 		return;
 
+	i = 0;
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		comment_line_string[i++] = comment_line_char;
+		comment_line_string[i++] = ' ';
+	}
+	comment_line_string[i] = '\0';
+
 	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
 		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
-				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+				 "%s%.*s", comment_line_string,
+				 (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%c",
+				 comment_line_char);
+	else
+		fprintf_ln(s->fp, "");
 }
 
 static int has_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -783,13 +871,13 @@
 {
 	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You have unmerged paths."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
 	} else {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
 	}
@@ -805,10 +893,10 @@
 	if (state->am_empty_patch)
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("The current patch is empty."));
-	if (advice_status_hints) {
+	if (s->hints) {
 		if (!state->am_empty_patch)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"));
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"));
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -870,8 +958,15 @@
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently rebasing."));
-		if (advice_status_hints) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints) {
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -880,18 +975,39 @@
 				_("  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"));
 		}
 	} else if (state->rebase_in_progress || !stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &st)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently rebasing."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 	} else if (split_commit_in_progress(s)) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
-		if (advice_status_hints)
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints)
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
 	} else {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
-		if (advice_status_hints && !s->amend) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints && !s->amend) {
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
 				_("  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"));
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
@@ -905,14 +1021,36 @@
 					struct wt_status_state *state,
 					const char *color)
 {
-	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking."));
-	if (advice_status_hints) {
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."),
+			find_unique_abbrev(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
 		if (has_unmerged(s))
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
 		else
 			status_printf_ln(s, color,
-				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"));
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently reverting commit %s."),
+			 find_unique_abbrev(state->revert_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
 	}
 	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 }
@@ -921,58 +1059,188 @@
 				struct wt_status_state *state,
 				const char *color)
 {
-	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently bisecting."));
-	if (advice_status_hints)
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."),
+				 state->branch);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting."));
+	if (s->hints)
 		status_printf_ln(s, color,
 			_("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
 	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 }
 
-static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s)
+/*
+ * Extract branch information from rebase/bisect
+ */
+static char *read_and_strip_branch(const char *path)
 {
-	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
-	struct wt_status_state state;
-	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("%s", path), 0) <= 0)
+		goto got_nothing;
+
+	while (&sb.len && sb.buf[sb.len - 1] == '\n')
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, sb.len - 1);
+	if (!sb.len)
+		goto got_nothing;
+	if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/heads/"))
+		strbuf_remove(&sb,0, strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	else if (!prefixcmp(sb.buf, "refs/"))
+		;
+	else if (!get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1)) {
+		const char *abbrev;
+		abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, abbrev);
+	} else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "detached HEAD")) /* rebase */
+		goto got_nothing;
+	else			/* bisect */
+		;
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+got_nothing:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+};
+
+static int grab_1st_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			   const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *target = NULL, *end;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from "))
+		return 0;
+	message += strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	target = strstr(message, " to ");
+	if (!target)
+		return 0;
+	target += strlen(" to ");
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	for (end = target; *end && *end != '\n'; end++)
+		;
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf, target, end - target);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_get_detached_from(struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata cb;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *ref = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 0);
+	if (for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_1st_switch, &cb) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dwim_ref(cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len, sha1, &ref) == 1 &&
+	    /* sha1 is a commit? match without further lookup */
+	    (!hashcmp(cb.nsha1, sha1) ||
+	     /* perhaps sha1 is a tag, try to dereference to a commit */
+	     ((commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) != NULL &&
+	      !hashcmp(cb.nsha1, commit->object.sha1)))) {
+		int ofs;
+		if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/tags/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/tags/");
+		else if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/remotes/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/remotes/");
+		else
+			ofs = 0;
+		state->detached_from = xstrdup(ref + ofs);
+	} else
+		state->detached_from =
+			xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(cb.nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	hashcpy(state->detached_sha1, cb.nsha1);
+
+	free(ref);
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+}
+
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state,
+			 int get_detached_from)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), &st)) {
-		state.merge_in_progress = 1;
+		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply"), &st)) {
 		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/applying"), &st)) {
-			state.am_in_progress = 1;
+			state->am_in_progress = 1;
 			if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/patch"), &st) && !st.st_size)
-				state.am_empty_patch = 1;
+				state->am_empty_patch = 1;
 		} else {
-			state.rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/head-name");
+			state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/onto");
 		}
 	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge"), &st)) {
 		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge/interactive"), &st))
-			state.rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
 		else
-			state.rebase_in_progress = 1;
-	} else if (!stat(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"), &st)) {
-		state.cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/head-name");
+		state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/onto");
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"), &st) &&
+			!get_sha1("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, sha1);
 	}
-	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st))
-		state.bisect_in_progress = 1;
+	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st)) {
+		state->bisect_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("BISECT_START");
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"), &st) &&
+	    !get_sha1("REVERT_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->revert_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
 
-	if (state.merge_in_progress)
-		show_merge_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.am_in_progress)
-		show_am_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
-		show_rebase_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	else if (state.cherry_pick_in_progress)
-		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
-	if (state.bisect_in_progress)
-		show_bisect_in_progress(s, &state, state_color);
+	if (get_detached_from)
+		wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				  struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+		show_merge_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+		show_am_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->cherry_pick_in_progress)
+		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->revert_in_progress)
+		show_revert_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	if (state->bisect_in_progress)
+		show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
 }
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
 	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state,
+			    s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = _("On branch ");
@@ -980,9 +1248,22 @@
 		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
 			branch_name += 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-			branch_name = "";
 			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-			on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+				on_what = _("rebase in progress; onto ");
+				branch_name = state.onto;
+			} else if (state.detached_from) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				branch_name = state.detached_from;
+				if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) &&
+				    !hashcmp(sha1, state.detached_sha1))
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached at ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached from ");
+			} else {
+				branch_name = "";
+				on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			}
 		}
 		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
@@ -991,7 +1272,11 @@
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
 
-	wt_status_print_state(s);
+	wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+
 	if (s->is_initial) {
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), _("Initial commit"));
@@ -1011,9 +1296,17 @@
 		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 		if (s->show_ignored_files)
 			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
+		if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+					 _("It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+					   "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+					   "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."),
+					 s->untracked_in_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
 	} else if (s->commitable)
 		status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("Untracked files not listed%s"),
-			advice_status_hints
+			s->hints
 			? _(" (use -u option to show untracked files)") : "");
 
 	if (s->verbose)
@@ -1024,25 +1317,25 @@
 		else if (s->nowarn)
 			; /* nothing */
 		else if (s->workdir_dirty) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("no changes added to commit "
 					 "(use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("no changes added to commit\n"));
 		} else if (s->untracked.nr) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files "
 					 "present (use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"));
 		} else if (s->is_initial) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing to commit (create/copy files "
 					 "and use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
 		} else if (!s->show_untracked_files) {
-			if (advice_status_hints)
+			if (s->hints)
 				printf(_("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"));
 			else
 				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
@@ -1072,7 +1365,7 @@
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 	}
@@ -1100,7 +1393,7 @@
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
 		if (d->head_path) {
-			one = quote_path(d->head_path, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+			one = quote_path(d->head_path, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 			if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 				putchar('"');
 				strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -1109,7 +1402,7 @@
 			printf("%s -> ", one);
 			strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 		}
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 			putchar('"');
 			strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -1128,7 +1421,7 @@
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "%s", sign);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
@@ -1145,6 +1438,7 @@
 	const char *base;
 	const char *branch_name;
 	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "## ");
 
@@ -1162,20 +1456,37 @@
 	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
 	if (s->is_initial)
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("Initial commit on "));
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "...");
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%s", base);
 
+	if (!upstream_is_gone && !num_ours && !num_theirs) {
+		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, " [");
-	if (!num_ours) {
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("gone"));
+	} else if (!num_ours) {
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("behind "));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	} else if (!num_theirs) {
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 236b41f..30a4812 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@
 	int is_initial;
 	char *branch;
 	const char *reference;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int verbose;
 	int amend;
 	enum commit_whence whence;
 	int nowarn;
 	int use_color;
+	int display_comment_prefix;
 	int relative_paths;
 	int submodule_summary;
 	int show_ignored_files;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
 	unsigned colopts;
 	int null_termination;
 	int show_branch;
+	int hints;
 
 	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
 	int commitable;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@
 	struct string_list change;
 	struct string_list untracked;
 	struct string_list ignored;
+	uint32_t untracked_in_ms;
 };
 
 struct wt_status_state {
@@ -79,18 +82,27 @@
 	int rebase_interactive_in_progress;
 	int cherry_pick_in_progress;
 	int bisect_in_progress;
+	int revert_in_progress;
+	char *branch;
+	char *onto;
+	char *detached_from;
+	unsigned char detached_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char revert_head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char cherry_pick_head_sha1[20];
 };
 
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *);
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state, int get_detached_from);
 
 void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s);
 
-void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 #endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 219a3bb..c033991 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 #define XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK (XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF | XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 #define XDF_DIFF_ALG(x) ((x) & XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK)
 
+#define XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES (1 << 7)
+
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES (1 << 0)
 #define XDL_EMIT_COMMON (1 << 1)
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCCONTEXT (1 << 2)
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
index 1b7012a..2358a2d 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.c
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@
 	xch->i2 = i2;
 	xch->chg1 = chg1;
 	xch->chg2 = chg2;
+	xch->ignore = 0;
 
 	return xch;
 }
@@ -490,7 +491,7 @@
 
 		/*
 		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
-		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 * the recorded position in the other file.
 		 */
 		while (ixref < ix) {
 			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
@@ -544,7 +545,9 @@
 	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
 
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 		if (xecfg->hunk_func(xch->i1, xche->i1 + xche->chg1 - xch->i1,
 				     xch->i2, xche->i2 + xche->chg2 - xch->i2,
 				     ecb->priv) < 0)
@@ -553,6 +556,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void xdl_mark_ignorable(xdchange_t *xscr, xdfenv_t *xe, long flags)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xch->next) {
+		int ignore = 1;
+		xrecord_t **rec;
+		long i;
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf1.recs[xch->i1];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg1 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf2.recs[xch->i2];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg2 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		xch->ignore = ignore;
+	}
+}
+
 int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	xdchange_t *xscr;
@@ -571,6 +595,9 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (xscr) {
+		if (xpp->flags & XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES)
+			xdl_mark_ignorable(xscr, &xe, xpp->flags);
+
 		if (ef(&xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg) < 0) {
 
 			xdl_free_script(xscr);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.h b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
index 7a92ea9..8b81206 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 	struct s_xdchange *next;
 	long i1, i2;
 	long chg1, chg2;
+	int ignore;
 } xdchange_t;
 
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
index d11dbf9..4266ada 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.c
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -56,16 +56,51 @@
 /*
  * Starting at the passed change atom, find the latest change atom to be included
  * inside the differential hunk according to the specified configuration.
+ * Also advance xscr if the first changes must be discarded.
  */
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp;
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp, *lxch;
 	long max_common = 2 * xecfg->ctxlen + xecfg->interhunkctxlen;
+	long max_ignorable = xecfg->ctxlen;
+	unsigned long ignored = 0; /* number of ignored blank lines */
 
-	for (xchp = xscr, xch = xscr->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next)
-		if (xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) > max_common)
+	/* remove ignorable changes that are too far before other changes */
+	for (xchp = *xscr; xchp && xchp->ignore; xchp = xchp->next) {
+		xch = xchp->next;
+
+		if (xch == NULL ||
+		    xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) >= max_ignorable)
+			*xscr = xch;
+	}
+
+	if (*xscr == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	lxch = *xscr;
+
+	for (xchp = *xscr, xch = xchp->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next) {
+		long distance = xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1);
+		if (distance > max_common)
 			break;
 
-	return xchp;
+		if (distance < max_ignorable && (!xch->ignore || lxch == xchp)) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else if (distance < max_ignorable && xch->ignore) {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		} else if (lxch != xchp &&
+			   xch->i1 + ignored - (lxch->i1 + lxch->chg1) > max_common) {
+			break;
+		} else if (!xch->ignore) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lxch;
 }
 
 
@@ -73,7 +108,7 @@
 {
 	if (len > 0 &&
 			(isalpha((unsigned char)*rec) || /* identifier? */
-			 *rec == '_' ||	/* also identifier? */
+			 *rec == '_' || /* also identifier? */
 			 *rec == '$')) { /* identifiers from VMS and other esoterico */
 		if (len > sz)
 			len = sz;
@@ -139,7 +174,9 @@
 		return xdl_emit_common(xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg);
 
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 
 		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
 		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.h b/xdiff/xemit.h
index c2e2e83..d297107 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.h
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 typedef int (*emit_func_t)(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			   xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xhistogram.c b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
index bf99787..73210cb 100644
--- a/xdiff/xhistogram.c
+++ b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 	struct record {
 		unsigned int ptr, cnt;
 		struct record *next;
-	} **records, /* an ocurrence */
+	} **records, /* an occurrence */
 	  **line_map; /* map of line to record chain */
 	chastore_t rcha;
 	unsigned int *next_ptrs;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
index 9504eae..62cb23d 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.c
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -143,6 +143,19 @@
 	return nl + 1;
 }
 
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags)
+{
+	long i;
+
+	if (!(flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS))
+		return (size <= 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size && XDL_ISSPACE(line[i]); i++)
+		;
+
+	return (i == size);
+}
+
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags)
 {
 	int i1, i2;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.h b/xdiff/xutils.h
index ad1428e..4646ce5 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.h
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha);
 void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha);
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample);
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags);
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags);
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags);
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size);
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
index 2b2c0c7..61e6df0 100644
--- a/zlib.c
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -168,13 +168,8 @@
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
-void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+static void do_git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level, int windowBits)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
-	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
-	 */
-	const int windowBits = 15 + 16;
 	int status;
 
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
@@ -188,6 +183,24 @@
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
+void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
+	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, 15 + 16);
+}
+
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, negate the value to get raw compressed
+	 * data without zlib header and trailer.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, -15);
+}
+
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *strm)
 {
 	int status;