Merge branch 'sg/fsck-config-in-doc' into maint

Doc update.

* sg/fsck-config-in-doc:
  Documentation/git-fsck.txt: include fsck.* config variables
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 1169ff6..f45db5b 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -195,10 +195,30 @@
    by e.g. "echo DEVELOPER=1 >>config.mak".
 
  - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
-   including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
-   initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
+   including old ones.  You should not use features from newer C
+   standard, even if your compiler groks them.
 
- - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block.
+   There are a few exceptions to this guideline:
+
+   . since early 2012 with e1327023ea, we have been using an enum
+     definition whose last element is followed by a comma.  This, like
+     an array initializer that ends with a trailing comma, can be used
+     to reduce the patch noise when adding a new identifer at the end.
+
+   . since mid 2017 with cbc0f81d, we have been using designated
+     initializers for struct (e.g. "struct t v = { .val = 'a' };").
+
+   . since mid 2017 with 512f41cf, we have been using designated
+     initializers for array (e.g. "int array[10] = { [5] = 2 }").
+
+   These used to be forbidden, but we have not heard any breakage
+   report, and they are assumed to be safe.
+
+ - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block, before
+   the first statement (i.e. -Wdeclaration-after-statement).
+
+ - Declaring a variable in the for loop "for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)"
+   is still not allowed in this codebase.
 
  - NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.1.txt
index 819879d..76dd8fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.1.txt
@@ -73,4 +73,75 @@
  * The list of for-each like macros used by clang-format has been
    updated.
 
-Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+ * "git push --atomic" that goes over the transport-helper (namely,
+   the smart http transport) failed to prevent refs to be pushed when
+   it can locally tell that one of the ref update will fail without
+   having to consult the other end, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git clean" silently skipped a path when it cannot lstat() it; now
+   it gives a warning.
+
+ * A codepath that reads from GPG for signed object verification read
+   past the end of allocated buffer, which has been fixed.
+
+ * "git rm" to resolve a conflicted path leaked an internal message
+   "needs merge" before actually removing the path, which was
+   confusing.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * The "git clone" documentation refers to command line options in its
+   description in the short form; they have been replaced with long
+   forms to make them more recognisable.
+
+ * The configuration variable rebase.rescheduleFailedExec should be
+   effective only while running an interactive rebase and should not
+   affect anything when running a non-interactive one, which was not
+   the case.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git submodule foreach" did not protect command line options passed
+   to the command to be run in each submodule correctly, when the
+   "--recursive" option was in use.
+
+ * Use "Erase in Line" CSI sequence that is already used in the editor
+   support to clear cruft in the progress output.
+
+ * The codepath to compute delta islands used to spew progress output
+   without giving the callers any way to squelch it, which has been
+   fixed.
+
+ * The code to parse scaled numbers out of configuration files has
+   been made more robust and also easier to follow.
+
+ * An incorrect list of options was cached after command line
+   completion failed (e.g. trying to complete a command that requires
+   a repository outside one), which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git rebase --abort" used to leave refs/rewritten/ when concluding
+   "git rebase -r", which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git stash show 23" used to work, but no more after getting
+   rewritten in C; this regression has been corrected.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" always treated '#' as the comment
+   character, regardless of core.commentChar setting, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Code clean-up to avoid signed integer overlaps during binary search.
+
+ * "git checkout -p" needs to selectively apply a patch in reverse,
+   which did not work well.
+
+ * The commit-graph file is now part of the "files that the runtime
+   may keep open file descriptors on, all of which would need to be
+   closed when done with the object store", and the file descriptor to
+   an existing commit-graph file now is closed before "gc" finalizes a
+   new instance to replace it.
+
+ * Code restructuring during 2.20 period broke fetching tags via
+   "import" based transports.
+
+ * We have been trying out a few language features outside c89; the
+   coding guidelines document did not talk about them and instead had
+   a blanket ban against them.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/alias.txt b/Documentation/config/alias.txt
index 0b14178..f1ca739 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/alias.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/alias.txt
@@ -1,18 +1,28 @@
 alias.*::
 	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
-	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
-	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
+	after defining `alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD`, the invocation
+	`git last` is equivalent to `git cat-file commit HEAD`. To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
 	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
 	A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
+Note that the first word of an alias does not necessarily have to be a
+command. It can be a command-line option that will be passed into the
+invocation of `git`. In particular, this is useful when used with `-c`
+to pass in one-time configurations or `-p` to force pagination. For example,
+`loud-rebase = -c commit.verbose=true rebase` can be defined such that
+running `git loud-rebase` would be equivalent to
+`git -c commit.verbose=true rebase`. Also, `ps = -p status` would be a
+helpful alias since `git ps` would paginate the output of `git status`
+where the original command does not.
++
 If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
 it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
-"alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD", the invocation
-"git new" is equivalent to running the shell command
-"gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD".  Note that shell commands will be
+`alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD`, the invocation
+`git new` is equivalent to running the shell command
+`gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD`.  Note that shell commands will be
 executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
 not necessarily be the current directory.
-`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running 'git rev-parse --show-prefix'
+`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running `git rev-parse --show-prefix`
 from the original current directory. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
index f999f8e..cce2c89 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 	Use this custom program instead of "`gpg`" found on `$PATH` when
 	making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the
 	same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
-	signature, "`gpg --verify $file - <$signature`" is run, and the
+	signature, "`gpg --verify $signature - <$file`" is run, and the
 	program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with
 	code 0, and to generate an ASCII-armored detached signature, the
 	standard input of "`gpg -bsau $key`" is fed with the contents to be
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 6ebd512..d9325e2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
-	[--list] [--show-current] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
+'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color]
+	[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
+	[--show-current]
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
 	[(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
 	[--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
-	[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
+	[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
+	[(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
+	[--list] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
 'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
@@ -28,11 +31,15 @@
 If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
 branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
 asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
-and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches.
+
+If a `<pattern>`
 is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
 matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
-it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
-`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+it matches any of the patterns.
+
+Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command may be interpreted
 as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
@@ -153,10 +160,12 @@
 -r::
 --remotes::
 	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
+	Combine with `--list` to match the optional pattern(s).
 
 -a::
 --all::
 	List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
+	Combine with `--list` to match optional pattern(s).
 
 -l::
 --list::
@@ -322,6 +331,18 @@
 <2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
     is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
 
+Listing branches from a specific remote::
++
+------------
+$ git branch -r -l '<remote>/<pattern>'                 <1>
+$ git for-each-ref 'refs/remotes/<remote>/<pattern>'    <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Using `-a` would conflate <remote> with any local branches you happen to
+    have been prefixed with the same <remote> pattern.
+<2> `for-each-ref` can take a wide range of options. See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]
+
+Patterns will normally need quoting.
 
 NOTES
 -----
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index a0f14b5..ca8871c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates
 remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository
-(visible using `git branch -r`), and creates and checks out an
+(visible using `git branch --remotes`), and creates and checks out an
 initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's
 currently active branch.
 
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---local::
 -l::
+--local::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
 	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
 	directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable
 	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository.
 
---shared::
 -s::
+--shared::
 	When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
 	instead of using hard links, automatically setup
 	`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
 +
-Note that running `git repack` without the `-l` option in a repository
-cloned with `-s` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
-in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone -s`.
-It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `-l` option by
+Note that running `git repack` without the `--local` option in a repository
+cloned with `--shared` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
+in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone --shared`.
+It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `--local` option by
 default.
 +
-If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `-s` on
+If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `--shared` on
 its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all
 objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 
@@ -115,19 +115,19 @@
 	same repository, and this option can be used to stop the
 	borrowing.
 
---quiet::
 -q::
+--quiet::
 	Operate quietly.  Progress is not reported to the standard
 	error stream.
 
---verbose::
 -v::
+--verbose::
 	Run verbosely. Does not affect the reporting of progress status
 	to the standard error stream.
 
 --progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
-	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `--quiet`
 	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
 	standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
 
@@ -139,15 +139,15 @@
 	When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all
 	sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line.
 
---no-checkout::
 -n::
+--no-checkout::
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
 	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
-	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
+	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `--no-checkout`
 	because there is nowhere to check out the working tree.
 	Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly
 	to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@
 	that all these refs are overwritten by a `git remote update` in the
 	target repository.
 
---origin <name>::
 -o <name>::
+--origin <name>::
 	Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track
 	of the upstream repository, use `<name>`.
 
---branch <name>::
 -b <name>::
+--branch <name>::
 	Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
 	to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
 	instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@
 	`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit
 	in the resulting repository.
 
---upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 -u <upload-pack>::
+--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 	When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
 	via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command
 	run on the other end.
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@
 	Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
 	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
 
---config <key>=<value>::
 -c <key>=<value>::
+--config <key>=<value>::
 	Set a configuration variable in the newly-created repository;
 	this takes effect immediately after the repository is
 	initialized, but before the remote history is fetched or any
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 6ddc1e2..81f7ecd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 	Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
 	directory.  When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
 	non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
-	<path>`.
+	<path>`.  If '<path>' is present but empty, e.g. `-C ""`, then the
+	current working directory is left unchanged.
 +
 This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
 `--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index c743609..3cc9b03 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@
   revisions one at a time, viewing the history of the repository.
 * Finding commits which commit messages matches given search term.
 
-See http://git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=tree;f=gitweb[] or
-http://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/[] for gitweb source code,
+See http://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/[] for gitweb source code,
 browsed using gitweb itself.
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
index 23c3cc7..fd1e6289 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
 	"event":"signal",
 	...
 	"t_abs":0.001227,  # elapsed time in seconds
-	"signal":13        # SIGTERM, SIGINT, etc.
+	"signo":13         # SIGTERM, SIGINT, etc.
 }
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
index 7805b09..fb53341 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
@@ -127,23 +127,6 @@
   helpful for these clones, anyway. The commit-graph will not be read or
   written when shallow commits are present.
 
-Future Work
------------
-
-- After computing and storing generation numbers, we must make graph
-  walks aware of generation numbers to gain the performance benefits they
-  enable. This will mostly be accomplished by swapping a commit-date-ordered
-  priority queue with one ordered by generation number. The following
-  operations are important candidates:
-
-    - 'log --topo-order'
-    - 'tag --merged'
-
-- A server could provide a commit-graph file as part of the network protocol
-  to avoid extra calculations by clients. This feature is only of benefit if
-  the user is willing to trust the file, because verifying the file is correct
-  is as hard as computing it from scratch.
-
 Related Links
 -------------
 [0] https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=8
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 88f1261..e1d2b82 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 See [Documentation/gittutorial.txt][] to get started, then see
 [Documentation/giteveryday.txt][] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-Documentation/git-<commandname>.txt for documentation of each command.
+`Documentation/git-<commandname>.txt` for documentation of each command.
 If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
 read with `man gittutorial` or `git help tutorial`, and the
 documentation of each command with `man git-<commandname>` or `git help
diff --git a/builtin/am.c b/builtin/am.c
index 78389d0..252e37d 100644
--- a/builtin/am.c
+++ b/builtin/am.c
@@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@
 	 */
 	if (!state->rebasing) {
 		am_destroy(state);
-		close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+		close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 		run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index d4359b3..8e243cf 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -830,7 +830,8 @@
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	} else if (argc > 0 && argc <= 2) {
 		if (filter.kind != FILTER_REFS_BRANCHES)
-			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
+			die(_("The -a, and -r, options to 'git branch' do not take a branch name.\n"
+				  "Did you mean to use: -a|-r --list <pattern>?"));
 
 		if (track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
 			die(_("the '--set-upstream' option is no longer supported. Please use '--track' or '--set-upstream-to' instead."));
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index aaba4af..d5579da 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
 static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
 static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+static const char *msg_warn_lstat_failed = N_("could not lstat %s\n");
 
 enum color_clean {
 	CLEAN_COLOR_RESET = 0,
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@
 		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
 		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
 		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
-			; /* fall thru */
+			warning_errno(_(msg_warn_lstat_failed), path->buf);
 		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
 				ret = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index 356bae5..3623f04 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
 	if (option_dissociate) {
-		close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+		close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 		dissociate_from_references();
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/commit-graph.c b/builtin/commit-graph.c
index 537fdfd..d8efa5b 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-graph.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-graph.c
@@ -141,6 +141,8 @@
 	struct string_list *pack_indexes = NULL;
 	struct string_list *commit_hex = NULL;
 	struct string_list lines;
+	int result = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS;
 
 	static struct option builtin_commit_graph_write_options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING(0, "object-dir", &opts.obj_dir,
@@ -165,13 +167,13 @@
 		die(_("use at most one of --reachable, --stdin-commits, or --stdin-packs"));
 	if (!opts.obj_dir)
 		opts.obj_dir = get_object_directory();
+	if (opts.append)
+		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND;
 
 	read_replace_refs = 0;
 
-	if (opts.reachable) {
-		write_commit_graph_reachable(opts.obj_dir, opts.append, 1);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (opts.reachable)
+		return write_commit_graph_reachable(opts.obj_dir, flags);
 
 	string_list_init(&lines, 0);
 	if (opts.stdin_packs || opts.stdin_commits) {
@@ -188,14 +190,14 @@
 		UNLEAK(buf);
 	}
 
-	write_commit_graph(opts.obj_dir,
-			   pack_indexes,
-			   commit_hex,
-			   opts.append,
-			   1);
+	if (write_commit_graph(opts.obj_dir,
+			       pack_indexes,
+			       commit_hex,
+			       flags))
+		result = 1;
 
 	UNLEAK(lines);
-	return 0;
+	return result;
 }
 
 int cmd_commit_graph(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 1c9e8e2..1921401 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -1669,8 +1669,9 @@
 		      "new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
 		      "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."));
 
-	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0))
-		write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(), 0, 0);
+	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0) &&
+	    write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(), 0))
+		return 1;
 
 	repo_rerere(the_repository, 0);
 	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 4ba63d5..c9b92b1 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@
 struct refname_hash_entry {
 	struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member */
 	struct object_id oid;
+	int ignore;
 	char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
@@ -287,6 +288,11 @@
 	return !!hashmap_get_from_hash(map, strhash(refname), refname);
 }
 
+static void clear_item(struct refname_hash_entry *item)
+{
+	item->ignore = 1;
+}
+
 static void find_non_local_tags(const struct ref *refs,
 				struct ref **head,
 				struct ref ***tail)
@@ -319,7 +325,7 @@
 			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_oid.hash) &&
 			    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
 			    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
-				oidclr(&item->oid);
+				clear_item(item);
 			item = NULL;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -333,7 +339,7 @@
 		if (item &&
 		    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
 		    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
-			oidclr(&item->oid);
+			clear_item(item);
 
 		item = NULL;
 
@@ -354,7 +360,7 @@
 	if (item &&
 	    !has_object_file_with_flags(&item->oid, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
 	    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
-		oidclr(&item->oid);
+		clear_item(item);
 
 	/*
 	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs_list,
@@ -362,19 +368,21 @@
 	 */
 	for_each_string_list_item(remote_ref_item, &remote_refs_list) {
 		const char *refname = remote_ref_item->string;
+		struct ref *rm;
 
 		item = hashmap_get_from_hash(&remote_refs, strhash(refname), refname);
 		if (!item)
 			BUG("unseen remote ref?");
 
 		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
-		if (!is_null_oid(&item->oid)) {
-			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->refname);
-			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->refname);
-			oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, &item->oid);
-			**tail = rm;
-			*tail = &rm->next;
-		}
+		if (item->ignore)
+			continue;
+
+		rm = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+		rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+		oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, &item->oid);
+		**tail = rm;
+		*tail = &rm->next;
 	}
 	hashmap_free(&remote_refs, 1);
 	string_list_clear(&remote_refs_list, 0);
@@ -1672,7 +1680,7 @@
 
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
-	close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+	close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 
 	argv_array_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
 	if (verbosity < 0)
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 8943bcc..be8e0bf 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
 	gc_before_repack();
 
 	if (!repository_format_precious_objects) {
-		close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+		close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 		if (run_command_v_opt(repack.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 			die(FAILED_RUN, repack.argv[0]);
 
@@ -681,13 +681,14 @@
 	report_garbage = report_pack_garbage;
 	reprepare_packed_git(the_repository);
 	if (pack_garbage.nr > 0) {
-		close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+		close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 		clean_pack_garbage();
 	}
 
-	if (gc_write_commit_graph)
-		write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(), 0,
-					     !quiet && !daemonized);
+	if (gc_write_commit_graph &&
+	    write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(),
+					 !quiet && !daemonized ? COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS : 0))
+		return 1;
 
 	if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
 		warning(_("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
diff --git a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
index 8ae40de..f101d09 100644
--- a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
+++ b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "trailer.h"
+#include "config.h"
 
 static const char * const git_interpret_trailers_usage[] = {
 	N_("git interpret-trailers [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"),
@@ -112,6 +113,8 @@
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     git_interpret_trailers_usage, 0);
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 7f83c9a..670e8fb 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
 	first = pos;
 	last = istate->cache_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
-		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		int next = first + ((last - first) >> 1);
 		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
 		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefixlen)) {
 			first = next+1;
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 57c2a24..29988e5 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
 			 * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
 			 * user should see them.
 			 */
-			close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+			close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 41d7fc5..787ae10 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -3134,7 +3134,7 @@
 		return;
 
 	if (use_delta_islands)
-		load_delta_islands(the_repository);
+		load_delta_islands(the_repository, progress);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
diff --git a/builtin/rebase.c b/builtin/rebase.c
index db6ca9b..2748fa6 100644
--- a/builtin/rebase.c
+++ b/builtin/rebase.c
@@ -738,20 +738,30 @@
 {
 	struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	delete_ref(NULL, "REBASE_HEAD", NULL, REF_NO_DEREF);
 	apply_autostash(opts);
-	close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+	close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 	/*
 	 * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
 	 * user should see them.
 	 */
 	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	strbuf_addstr(&dir, opts->state_dir);
-	remove_dir_recursively(&dir, 0);
-	strbuf_release(&dir);
+	if (opts->type == REBASE_INTERACTIVE) {
+		struct replay_opts replay = REPLAY_OPTS_INIT;
 
-	return 0;
+		replay.action = REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE;
+		ret = sequencer_remove_state(&replay);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(&dir, opts->state_dir);
+		if (remove_dir_recursively(&dir, 0))
+			ret = error(_("could not remove '%s'"),
+				    opts->state_dir);
+		strbuf_release(&dir);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static struct commit *peel_committish(const char *name)
@@ -1384,6 +1394,7 @@
 	struct string_list strategy_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct object_id squash_onto;
 	char *squash_onto_name = NULL;
+	int reschedule_failed_exec = -1;
 	struct option builtin_rebase_options[] = {
 		OPT_STRING(0, "onto", &options.onto_name,
 			   N_("revision"),
@@ -1476,7 +1487,7 @@
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &options.root,
 			 N_("rebase all reachable commits up to the root(s)")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "reschedule-failed-exec",
-			 &options.reschedule_failed_exec,
+			 &reschedule_failed_exec,
 			 N_("automatically re-schedule any `exec` that fails")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
@@ -1626,15 +1637,23 @@
 			die(_("could not move back to %s"),
 			    oid_to_hex(&options.orig_head));
 		remove_branch_state(the_repository);
-		ret = finish_rebase(&options);
+		ret = !!finish_rebase(&options);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 	case ACTION_QUIT: {
-		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, options.state_dir);
-		ret = !!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
-		if (ret)
-			die(_("could not remove '%s'"), options.state_dir);
+		if (options.type == REBASE_INTERACTIVE) {
+			struct replay_opts replay = REPLAY_OPTS_INIT;
+
+			replay.action = REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE;
+			ret = !!sequencer_remove_state(&replay);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_reset(&buf);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, options.state_dir);
+			ret = !!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+			if (ret)
+				error(_("could not remove '%s'"),
+				       options.state_dir);
+		}
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 	case ACTION_EDIT_TODO:
@@ -1783,8 +1802,11 @@
 		break;
 	}
 
-	if (options.reschedule_failed_exec && !is_interactive(&options))
-		die(_("%s requires an interactive rebase"), "--reschedule-failed-exec");
+	if (reschedule_failed_exec > 0 && !is_interactive(&options))
+		die(_("--reschedule-failed-exec requires "
+		      "--exec or --interactive"));
+	if (reschedule_failed_exec >= 0)
+		options.reschedule_failed_exec = reschedule_failed_exec;
 
 	if (options.git_am_opts.argc) {
 		/* all am options except -q are compatible only with --am */
@@ -2146,6 +2168,7 @@
 	ret = !!run_specific_rebase(&options, action);
 
 cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&revisions);
 	free(options.head_name);
 	free(options.gpg_sign_opt);
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index 29f165d..c5f5da9 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@
 			proc.git_cmd = 1;
 			proc.argv = argv_gc_auto;
 
-			close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+			close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 			if (!start_command(&proc)) {
 				if (use_sideband)
 					copy_to_sideband(proc.err, -1, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
index caca113..f834b55 100644
--- a/builtin/repack.c
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
 	if (!names.nr && !po_args.quiet)
 		printf_ln(_("Nothing new to pack."));
 
-	close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+	close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
 
 	/*
 	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index 90cbe89..bf4a443 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
 		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
 		       prefix, argv);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
 	seen = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
diff --git a/builtin/stash.c b/builtin/stash.c
index 2a8e6d0..fde6397 100644
--- a/builtin/stash.c
+++ b/builtin/stash.c
@@ -713,11 +713,11 @@
 static int show_stash(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
-	int opts = 0;
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct stash_info info;
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct argv_array stash_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct argv_array revision_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -726,11 +726,12 @@
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 
+	argv_array_push(&revision_args, argv[0]);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
 			argv_array_push(&stash_args, argv[i]);
 		else
-			opts++;
+			argv_array_push(&revision_args, argv[i]);
 	}
 
 	ret = get_stash_info(&info, stash_args.argc, stash_args.argv);
@@ -742,7 +743,7 @@
 	 * The config settings are applied only if there are not passed
 	 * any options.
 	 */
-	if (!opts) {
+	if (revision_args.argc == 1) {
 		git_config(git_stash_config, NULL);
 		if (show_stat)
 			rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
@@ -756,7 +757,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	argc = setup_revisions(revision_args.argc, revision_args.argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (argc > 1) {
 		free_stash_info(&info);
 		usage_with_options(git_stash_show_usage, options);
diff --git a/builtin/submodule--helper.c b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
index 0bf4aa0..afaf081 100644
--- a/builtin/submodule--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
@@ -540,6 +540,7 @@
 		if (info->quiet)
 			argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
 
+		argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--");
 		argv_array_pushv(&cpr.args, info->argv);
 
 		if (run_command(&cpr))
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index bf20337..3e7cd0b 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -1759,6 +1759,7 @@
 int pager_in_use(void);
 extern int pager_use_color;
 int term_columns(void);
+void term_clear_line(void);
 int decimal_width(uintmax_t);
 int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
 void prepare_pager_args(struct child_process *, const char *pager);
diff --git a/ci/install-dependencies.sh b/ci/install-dependencies.sh
index 7f6acdd..8cc7250 100755
--- a/ci/install-dependencies.sh
+++ b/ci/install-dependencies.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 	popd
 	;;
 osx-clang|osx-gcc)
-	brew update >/dev/null
+	export HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP=1
 	# Uncomment this if you want to run perf tests:
 	# brew install gnu-time
 	test -z "$BREW_INSTALL_PACKAGES" ||
diff --git a/ci/lib.sh b/ci/lib.sh
index 288a5b3..0c7171a 100755
--- a/ci/lib.sh
+++ b/ci/lib.sh
@@ -163,8 +163,10 @@
 	export GIT_TEST_HTTPD=YesPlease
 
 	# The Linux build installs the defined dependency versions below.
-	# The OS X build installs the latest available versions. Keep that
-	# in mind when you encounter a broken OS X build!
+	# The OS X build installs much more recent versions, whichever
+	# were recorded in the Homebrew database upon creating the OS X
+	# image.
+	# Keep that in mind when you encounter a broken OS X build!
 	export LINUX_P4_VERSION="16.2"
 	export LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION="1.5.2"
 
diff --git a/commit-graph.c b/commit-graph.c
index 7c5e548..1752341 100644
--- a/commit-graph.c
+++ b/commit-graph.c
@@ -361,10 +361,10 @@
 	return !!first_generation;
 }
 
-void close_commit_graph(struct repository *r)
+void close_commit_graph(struct raw_object_store *o)
 {
-	free_commit_graph(r->objects->commit_graph);
-	r->objects->commit_graph = NULL;
+	free_commit_graph(o->commit_graph);
+	o->commit_graph = NULL;
 }
 
 static int bsearch_graph(struct commit_graph *g, struct object_id *oid, uint32_t *pos)
@@ -525,14 +525,38 @@
 	return get_commit_tree_in_graph_one(r, r->objects->commit_graph, c);
 }
 
+struct packed_commit_list {
+	struct commit **list;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+struct packed_oid_list {
+	struct object_id *list;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+struct write_commit_graph_context {
+	struct repository *r;
+	const char *obj_dir;
+	char *graph_name;
+	struct packed_oid_list oids;
+	struct packed_commit_list commits;
+	int num_extra_edges;
+	unsigned long approx_nr_objects;
+	struct progress *progress;
+	int progress_done;
+	uint64_t progress_cnt;
+	unsigned append:1,
+		 report_progress:1;
+};
+
 static void write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
-				     struct commit **commits,
-				     int nr_commits,
-				     struct progress *progress,
-				     uint64_t *progress_cnt)
+				     struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
-	struct commit **list = commits;
+	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 
 	/*
 	 * Write the first-level table (the list is sorted,
@@ -540,10 +564,10 @@
 	 * having to do eight extra binary search iterations).
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		while (count < nr_commits) {
+		while (count < ctx->commits.nr) {
 			if ((*list)->object.oid.hash[0] != i)
 				break;
-			display_progress(progress, ++*progress_cnt);
+			display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
 			count++;
 			list++;
 		}
@@ -553,14 +577,12 @@
 }
 
 static void write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct commit **commits, int nr_commits,
-				   struct progress *progress,
-				   uint64_t *progress_cnt)
+				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
-	struct commit **list = commits;
+	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	int count;
-	for (count = 0; count < nr_commits; count++, list++) {
-		display_progress(progress, ++*progress_cnt);
+	for (count = 0; count < ctx->commits.nr; count++, list++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
 		hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, (int)hash_len);
 	}
 }
@@ -572,19 +594,17 @@
 }
 
 static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct commit **commits, int nr_commits,
-				   struct progress *progress,
-				   uint64_t *progress_cnt)
+				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
-	struct commit **list = commits;
-	struct commit **last = commits + nr_commits;
+	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
+	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
 	uint32_t num_extra_edges = 0;
 
 	while (list < last) {
 		struct commit_list *parent;
 		int edge_value;
 		uint32_t packedDate[2];
-		display_progress(progress, ++*progress_cnt);
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
 
 		parse_commit_no_graph(*list);
 		hashwrite(f, get_commit_tree_oid(*list)->hash, hash_len);
@@ -595,8 +615,8 @@
 			edge_value = GRAPH_PARENT_NONE;
 		else {
 			edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
-					      commits,
-					      nr_commits,
+					      ctx->commits.list,
+					      ctx->commits.nr,
 					      commit_to_sha1);
 
 			if (edge_value < 0)
@@ -616,8 +636,8 @@
 			edge_value = GRAPH_EXTRA_EDGES_NEEDED | num_extra_edges;
 		else {
 			edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
-					      commits,
-					      nr_commits,
+					      ctx->commits.list,
+					      ctx->commits.nr,
 					      commit_to_sha1);
 			if (edge_value < 0)
 				BUG("missing parent %s for commit %s",
@@ -649,19 +669,16 @@
 }
 
 static void write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
-					  struct commit **commits,
-					  int nr_commits,
-					  struct progress *progress,
-					  uint64_t *progress_cnt)
+					  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
-	struct commit **list = commits;
-	struct commit **last = commits + nr_commits;
+	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
+	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
 	struct commit_list *parent;
 
 	while (list < last) {
 		int num_parents = 0;
 
-		display_progress(progress, ++*progress_cnt);
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
 
 		for (parent = (*list)->parents; num_parents < 3 && parent;
 		     parent = parent->next)
@@ -675,8 +692,8 @@
 		/* Since num_parents > 2, this initializer is safe. */
 		for (parent = (*list)->parents->next; parent; parent = parent->next) {
 			int edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
-						  commits,
-						  nr_commits,
+						  ctx->commits.list,
+						  ctx->commits.nr,
 						  commit_to_sha1);
 
 			if (edge_value < 0)
@@ -700,125 +717,111 @@
 	return oidcmp(a, b);
 }
 
-struct packed_commit_list {
-	struct commit **list;
-	int nr;
-	int alloc;
-};
-
-struct packed_oid_list {
-	struct object_id *list;
-	int nr;
-	int alloc;
-	struct progress *progress;
-	int progress_done;
-};
-
 static int add_packed_commits(const struct object_id *oid,
 			      struct packed_git *pack,
 			      uint32_t pos,
 			      void *data)
 {
-	struct packed_oid_list *list = (struct packed_oid_list*)data;
+	struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx = (struct write_commit_graph_context*)data;
 	enum object_type type;
 	off_t offset = nth_packed_object_offset(pack, pos);
 	struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
 
-	if (list->progress)
-		display_progress(list->progress, ++list->progress_done);
+	if (ctx->progress)
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_done);
 
 	oi.typep = &type;
-	if (packed_object_info(the_repository, pack, offset, &oi) < 0)
+	if (packed_object_info(ctx->r, pack, offset, &oi) < 0)
 		die(_("unable to get type of object %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
 
 	if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
 
-	ALLOC_GROW(list->list, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
-	oidcpy(&(list->list[list->nr]), oid);
-	list->nr++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
+	oidcpy(&(ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr]), oid);
+	ctx->oids.nr++;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_missing_parents(struct packed_oid_list *oids, struct commit *commit)
+static void add_missing_parents(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct commit_list *parent;
 	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
 		if (!(parent->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
-			ALLOC_GROW(oids->list, oids->nr + 1, oids->alloc);
-			oidcpy(&oids->list[oids->nr], &(parent->item->object.oid));
-			oids->nr++;
+			ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
+			oidcpy(&ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr], &(parent->item->object.oid));
+			ctx->oids.nr++;
 			parent->item->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void close_reachable(struct packed_oid_list *oids, int report_progress)
+static void close_reachable(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
-			_("Loading known commits in commit graph"), oids->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < oids->nr; i++) {
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		commit = lookup_commit(the_repository, &oids->list[i]);
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+					_("Loading known commits in commit graph"),
+					ctx->oids.nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);
 		if (commit)
 			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 
 	/*
-	 * As this loop runs, oids->nr may grow, but not more
+	 * As this loop runs, ctx->oids.nr may grow, but not more
 	 * than the number of missing commits in the reachable
 	 * closure.
 	 */
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
-			_("Expanding reachable commits in commit graph"), oids->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < oids->nr; i++) {
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		commit = lookup_commit(the_repository, &oids->list[i]);
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+					_("Expanding reachable commits in commit graph"),
+					ctx->oids.nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);
 
 		if (commit && !parse_commit_no_graph(commit))
-			add_missing_parents(oids, commit);
+			add_missing_parents(ctx, commit);
 	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
-			_("Clearing commit marks in commit graph"), oids->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < oids->nr; i++) {
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		commit = lookup_commit(the_repository, &oids->list[i]);
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+					_("Clearing commit marks in commit graph"),
+					ctx->oids.nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);
 
 		if (commit)
 			commit->object.flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
 	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 }
 
-static void compute_generation_numbers(struct packed_commit_list* commits,
-				       int report_progress)
+static void compute_generation_numbers(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
-	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_progress(
-			_("Computing commit graph generation numbers"),
-			commits->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < commits->nr; i++) {
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		if (commits->list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY &&
-		    commits->list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO)
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_progress(
+					_("Computing commit graph generation numbers"),
+					ctx->commits.nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->commits.nr; i++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		if (ctx->commits.list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY &&
+		    ctx->commits.list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO)
 			continue;
 
-		commit_list_insert(commits->list[i], &list);
+		commit_list_insert(ctx->commits.list[i], &list);
 		while (list) {
 			struct commit *current = list->item;
 			struct commit_list *parent;
@@ -845,7 +848,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 }
 
 static int add_ref_to_list(const char *refname,
@@ -858,207 +861,187 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, int append,
-				  int report_progress)
+int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	int result;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_ref_to_list, &list);
-	write_commit_graph(obj_dir, NULL, &list, append, report_progress);
+	result = write_commit_graph(obj_dir, NULL, &list,
+				    flags);
 
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+	return result;
 }
 
-void write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
-			struct string_list *pack_indexes,
-			struct string_list *commit_hex,
-			int append, int report_progress)
+static int fill_oids_from_packs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
+				struct string_list *pack_indexes)
 {
-	struct packed_oid_list oids;
-	struct packed_commit_list commits;
-	struct hashfile *f;
-	uint32_t i, count_distinct = 0;
-	char *graph_name;
-	struct lock_file lk = LOCK_INIT;
-	uint32_t chunk_ids[5];
-	uint64_t chunk_offsets[5];
-	int num_chunks;
-	int num_extra_edges;
-	struct commit_list *parent;
-	struct progress *progress = NULL;
-	const unsigned hashsz = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
-	uint64_t progress_cnt = 0;
+	uint32_t i;
 	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned long approx_nr_objects;
+	struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int dirlen;
 
-	if (!commit_graph_compatible(the_repository))
-		return;
-
-	oids.nr = 0;
-	approx_nr_objects = approximate_object_count();
-	oids.alloc = approx_nr_objects / 32;
-	oids.progress = NULL;
-	oids.progress_done = 0;
-
-	if (append) {
-		prepare_commit_graph_one(the_repository, obj_dir);
-		if (the_repository->objects->commit_graph)
-			oids.alloc += the_repository->objects->commit_graph->num_commits;
+	strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/", ctx->obj_dir);
+	dirlen = packname.len;
+	if (ctx->report_progress) {
+		strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
+			    Q_("Finding commits for commit graph in %d pack",
+			       "Finding commits for commit graph in %d packs",
+			       pack_indexes->nr),
+			    pack_indexes->nr);
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(progress_title.buf, 0);
+		ctx->progress_done = 0;
 	}
-
-	if (oids.alloc < 1024)
-		oids.alloc = 1024;
-	ALLOC_ARRAY(oids.list, oids.alloc);
-
-	if (append && the_repository->objects->commit_graph) {
-		struct commit_graph *commit_graph =
-			the_repository->objects->commit_graph;
-		for (i = 0; i < commit_graph->num_commits; i++) {
-			const unsigned char *hash = commit_graph->chunk_oid_lookup +
-				commit_graph->hash_len * i;
-			hashcpy(oids.list[oids.nr++].hash, hash);
+	for (i = 0; i < pack_indexes->nr; i++) {
+		struct packed_git *p;
+		strbuf_setlen(&packname, dirlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&packname, pack_indexes->items[i].string);
+		p = add_packed_git(packname.buf, packname.len, 1);
+		if (!p) {
+			error(_("error adding pack %s"), packname.buf);
+			return -1;
 		}
-	}
-
-	if (pack_indexes) {
-		struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int dirlen;
-		strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/", obj_dir);
-		dirlen = packname.len;
-		if (report_progress) {
-			strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
-				    Q_("Finding commits for commit graph in %d pack",
-				       "Finding commits for commit graph in %d packs",
-				       pack_indexes->nr),
-				    pack_indexes->nr);
-			oids.progress = start_delayed_progress(progress_title.buf, 0);
-			oids.progress_done = 0;
+		if (open_pack_index(p)) {
+			error(_("error opening index for %s"), packname.buf);
+			return -1;
 		}
-		for (i = 0; i < pack_indexes->nr; i++) {
-			struct packed_git *p;
-			strbuf_setlen(&packname, dirlen);
-			strbuf_addstr(&packname, pack_indexes->items[i].string);
-			p = add_packed_git(packname.buf, packname.len, 1);
-			if (!p)
-				die(_("error adding pack %s"), packname.buf);
-			if (open_pack_index(p))
-				die(_("error opening index for %s"), packname.buf);
-			for_each_object_in_pack(p, add_packed_commits, &oids,
-						FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
-			close_pack(p);
-			free(p);
-		}
-		stop_progress(&oids.progress);
-		strbuf_reset(&progress_title);
-		strbuf_release(&packname);
+		for_each_object_in_pack(p, add_packed_commits, ctx,
+					FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
+		close_pack(p);
+		free(p);
 	}
 
-	if (commit_hex) {
-		if (report_progress) {
-			strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
-				    Q_("Finding commits for commit graph from %d ref",
-				       "Finding commits for commit graph from %d refs",
-				       commit_hex->nr),
-				    commit_hex->nr);
-			progress = start_delayed_progress(progress_title.buf,
-							  commit_hex->nr);
-		}
-		for (i = 0; i < commit_hex->nr; i++) {
-			const char *end;
-			struct object_id oid;
-			struct commit *result;
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
+	strbuf_reset(&progress_title);
+	strbuf_release(&packname);
 
-			display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-			if (commit_hex->items[i].string &&
-			    parse_oid_hex(commit_hex->items[i].string, &oid, &end))
-				continue;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-			result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository, &oid, 1);
+static void fill_oids_from_commit_hex(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
+				      struct string_list *commit_hex)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-			if (result) {
-				ALLOC_GROW(oids.list, oids.nr + 1, oids.alloc);
-				oidcpy(&oids.list[oids.nr], &(result->object.oid));
-				oids.nr++;
-			}
-		}
-		stop_progress(&progress);
-		strbuf_reset(&progress_title);
+	if (ctx->report_progress) {
+		strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
+			    Q_("Finding commits for commit graph from %d ref",
+			       "Finding commits for commit graph from %d refs",
+			       commit_hex->nr),
+			    commit_hex->nr);
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+					progress_title.buf,
+					commit_hex->nr);
 	}
+	for (i = 0; i < commit_hex->nr; i++) {
+		const char *end;
+		struct object_id oid;
+		struct commit *result;
 
-	if (!pack_indexes && !commit_hex) {
-		if (report_progress)
-			oids.progress = start_delayed_progress(
-				_("Finding commits for commit graph among packed objects"),
-				approx_nr_objects);
-		for_each_packed_object(add_packed_commits, &oids,
-				       FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
-		if (oids.progress_done < approx_nr_objects)
-			display_progress(oids.progress, approx_nr_objects);
-		stop_progress(&oids.progress);
-	}
-
-	close_reachable(&oids, report_progress);
-
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
-			_("Counting distinct commits in commit graph"),
-			oids.nr);
-	display_progress(progress, 0); /* TODO: Measure QSORT() progress */
-	QSORT(oids.list, oids.nr, commit_compare);
-	count_distinct = 1;
-	for (i = 1; i < oids.nr; i++) {
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		if (!oideq(&oids.list[i - 1], &oids.list[i]))
-			count_distinct++;
-	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
-
-	if (count_distinct >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK)
-		die(_("the commit graph format cannot write %d commits"), count_distinct);
-
-	commits.nr = 0;
-	commits.alloc = count_distinct;
-	ALLOC_ARRAY(commits.list, commits.alloc);
-
-	num_extra_edges = 0;
-	if (report_progress)
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
-			_("Finding extra edges in commit graph"),
-			oids.nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < oids.nr; i++) {
-		int num_parents = 0;
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		if (i > 0 && oideq(&oids.list[i - 1], &oids.list[i]))
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		if (commit_hex->items[i].string &&
+		    parse_oid_hex(commit_hex->items[i].string, &oid, &end))
 			continue;
 
-		commits.list[commits.nr] = lookup_commit(the_repository, &oids.list[i]);
-		parse_commit_no_graph(commits.list[commits.nr]);
+		result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ctx->r, &oid, 1);
 
-		for (parent = commits.list[commits.nr]->parents;
+		if (result) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
+			oidcpy(&ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr], &(result->object.oid));
+			ctx->oids.nr++;
+		}
+	}
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
+	strbuf_release(&progress_title);
+}
+
+static void fill_oids_from_all_packs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+{
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+			_("Finding commits for commit graph among packed objects"),
+			ctx->approx_nr_objects);
+	for_each_packed_object(add_packed_commits, ctx,
+			       FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
+	if (ctx->progress_done < ctx->approx_nr_objects)
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, ctx->approx_nr_objects);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
+}
+
+static uint32_t count_distinct_commits(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+{
+	uint32_t i, count_distinct = 1;
+
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+			_("Counting distinct commits in commit graph"),
+			ctx->oids.nr);
+	display_progress(ctx->progress, 0); /* TODO: Measure QSORT() progress */
+	QSORT(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr, commit_compare);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		if (!oideq(&ctx->oids.list[i - 1], &ctx->oids.list[i]))
+			count_distinct++;
+	}
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
+
+	return count_distinct;
+}
+
+static void copy_oids_to_commits(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct commit_list *parent;
+
+	ctx->num_extra_edges = 0;
+	if (ctx->report_progress)
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
+			_("Finding extra edges in commit graph"),
+			ctx->oids.nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
+		int num_parents = 0;
+		display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
+		if (i > 0 && oideq(&ctx->oids.list[i - 1], &ctx->oids.list[i]))
+			continue;
+
+		ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr] = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);
+		parse_commit_no_graph(ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr]);
+
+		for (parent = ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr]->parents;
 		     parent; parent = parent->next)
 			num_parents++;
 
 		if (num_parents > 2)
-			num_extra_edges += num_parents - 1;
+			ctx->num_extra_edges += num_parents - 1;
 
-		commits.nr++;
+		ctx->commits.nr++;
 	}
-	num_chunks = num_extra_edges ? 4 : 3;
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
+}
 
-	if (commits.nr >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK)
-		die(_("too many commits to write graph"));
+static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct hashfile *f;
+	struct lock_file lk = LOCK_INIT;
+	uint32_t chunk_ids[5];
+	uint64_t chunk_offsets[5];
+	const unsigned hashsz = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
+	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int num_chunks = ctx->num_extra_edges ? 4 : 3;
 
-	compute_generation_numbers(&commits, report_progress);
-
-	graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(obj_dir);
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(graph_name)) {
-		UNLEAK(graph_name);
-		die_errno(_("unable to create leading directories of %s"),
-			  graph_name);
+	ctx->graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(ctx->obj_dir);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(ctx->graph_name)) {
+		UNLEAK(ctx->graph_name);
+		error(_("unable to create leading directories of %s"),
+			ctx->graph_name);
+		return -1;
 	}
 
-	hold_lock_file_for_update(&lk, graph_name, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(&lk, ctx->graph_name, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 	f = hashfd(lk.tempfile->fd, lk.tempfile->filename.buf);
 
 	hashwrite_be32(f, GRAPH_SIGNATURE);
@@ -1071,7 +1054,7 @@
 	chunk_ids[0] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
 	chunk_ids[1] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
 	chunk_ids[2] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
-	if (num_extra_edges)
+	if (ctx->num_extra_edges)
 		chunk_ids[3] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
 	else
 		chunk_ids[3] = 0;
@@ -1079,9 +1062,9 @@
 
 	chunk_offsets[0] = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
 	chunk_offsets[1] = chunk_offsets[0] + GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
-	chunk_offsets[2] = chunk_offsets[1] + hashsz * commits.nr;
-	chunk_offsets[3] = chunk_offsets[2] + (hashsz + 16) * commits.nr;
-	chunk_offsets[4] = chunk_offsets[3] + 4 * num_extra_edges;
+	chunk_offsets[2] = chunk_offsets[1] + hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunk_offsets[3] = chunk_offsets[2] + (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunk_offsets[4] = chunk_offsets[3] + 4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
 
 	for (i = 0; i <= num_chunks; i++) {
 		uint32_t chunk_write[3];
@@ -1092,31 +1075,113 @@
 		hashwrite(f, chunk_write, 12);
 	}
 
-	if (report_progress) {
+	if (ctx->report_progress) {
 		strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
 			    Q_("Writing out commit graph in %d pass",
 			       "Writing out commit graph in %d passes",
 			       num_chunks),
 			    num_chunks);
-		progress = start_delayed_progress(
+		ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
 			progress_title.buf,
-			num_chunks * commits.nr);
+			num_chunks * ctx->commits.nr);
 	}
-	write_graph_chunk_fanout(f, commits.list, commits.nr, progress, &progress_cnt);
-	write_graph_chunk_oids(f, hashsz, commits.list, commits.nr, progress, &progress_cnt);
-	write_graph_chunk_data(f, hashsz, commits.list, commits.nr, progress, &progress_cnt);
-	if (num_extra_edges)
-		write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(f, commits.list, commits.nr, progress, &progress_cnt);
-	stop_progress(&progress);
+	write_graph_chunk_fanout(f, ctx);
+	write_graph_chunk_oids(f, hashsz, ctx);
+	write_graph_chunk_data(f, hashsz, ctx);
+	if (ctx->num_extra_edges)
+		write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(f, ctx);
+	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 	strbuf_release(&progress_title);
 
-	close_commit_graph(the_repository);
+	close_commit_graph(ctx->r->objects);
 	finalize_hashfile(f, NULL, CSUM_HASH_IN_STREAM | CSUM_FSYNC);
 	commit_lock_file(&lk);
 
-	free(graph_name);
-	free(commits.list);
-	free(oids.list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
+		       struct string_list *pack_indexes,
+		       struct string_list *commit_hex,
+		       unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx;
+	uint32_t i, count_distinct = 0;
+	int res = 0;
+
+	if (!commit_graph_compatible(the_repository))
+		return 0;
+
+	ctx = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct write_commit_graph_context));
+	ctx->r = the_repository;
+	ctx->obj_dir = obj_dir;
+	ctx->append = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND ? 1 : 0;
+	ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
+
+	ctx->approx_nr_objects = approximate_object_count();
+	ctx->oids.alloc = ctx->approx_nr_objects / 32;
+
+	if (ctx->append) {
+		prepare_commit_graph_one(ctx->r, ctx->obj_dir);
+		if (ctx->r->objects->commit_graph)
+			ctx->oids.alloc += ctx->r->objects->commit_graph->num_commits;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->oids.alloc < 1024)
+		ctx->oids.alloc = 1024;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.alloc);
+
+	if (ctx->append && ctx->r->objects->commit_graph) {
+		struct commit_graph *g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;
+		for (i = 0; i < g->num_commits; i++) {
+			const unsigned char *hash = g->chunk_oid_lookup + g->hash_len * i;
+			hashcpy(ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr++].hash, hash);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (pack_indexes) {
+		if ((res = fill_oids_from_packs(ctx, pack_indexes)))
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (commit_hex)
+		fill_oids_from_commit_hex(ctx, commit_hex);
+
+	if (!pack_indexes && !commit_hex)
+		fill_oids_from_all_packs(ctx);
+
+	close_reachable(ctx);
+
+	count_distinct = count_distinct_commits(ctx);
+
+	if (count_distinct >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK) {
+		error(_("the commit graph format cannot write %d commits"), count_distinct);
+		res = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	ctx->commits.alloc = count_distinct;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.alloc);
+
+	copy_oids_to_commits(ctx);
+
+	if (ctx->commits.nr >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK) {
+		error(_("too many commits to write graph"));
+		res = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	compute_generation_numbers(ctx);
+
+	res = write_commit_graph_file(ctx);
+
+cleanup:
+	free(ctx->graph_name);
+	free(ctx->commits.list);
+	free(ctx->oids.list);
+	free(ctx);
+
+	return res;
 }
 
 #define VERIFY_COMMIT_GRAPH_ERROR_HASH 2
diff --git a/commit-graph.h b/commit-graph.h
index 7dfb8c8..390c7f6 100644
--- a/commit-graph.h
+++ b/commit-graph.h
@@ -65,16 +65,24 @@
  */
 int generation_numbers_enabled(struct repository *r);
 
-void write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, int append,
-				  int report_progress);
-void write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
-			struct string_list *pack_indexes,
-			struct string_list *commit_hex,
-			int append, int report_progress);
+#define COMMIT_GRAPH_APPEND     (1 << 0)
+#define COMMIT_GRAPH_PROGRESS   (1 << 1)
+
+/*
+ * The write_commit_graph* methods return zero on success
+ * and a negative value on failure. Note that if the repository
+ * is not compatible with the commit-graph feature, then the
+ * methods will return 0 without writing a commit-graph.
+ */
+int write_commit_graph_reachable(const char *obj_dir, unsigned int flags);
+int write_commit_graph(const char *obj_dir,
+		       struct string_list *pack_indexes,
+		       struct string_list *commit_hex,
+		       unsigned int flags);
 
 int verify_commit_graph(struct repository *r, struct commit_graph *g);
 
-void close_commit_graph(struct repository *);
+void close_commit_graph(struct raw_object_store *);
 void free_commit_graph(struct commit_graph *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 8fa1883..26ce077 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
 	item->date = parse_commit_date(bufptr, tail);
 
 	if (check_graph)
-		load_commit_graph_info(the_repository, item);
+		load_commit_graph_info(r, item);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index 9b6d240..6d7fc07 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -1437,7 +1437,9 @@
 	si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
 	si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
 
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
+	if (*argv && !strcmp(cmd, *argv))
+		wcmd[0] = L'\0';
+	else if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
 		return -1;
@@ -1466,8 +1468,8 @@
 	wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
 
 	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
-	ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
-		wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
+	ret = CreateProcessW(*wcmd ? wcmd : NULL, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE,
+		flags, wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
 
 	free(wenvblk);
 	free(wargs);
diff --git a/compat/poll/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index 4459408..8b07edb 100644
--- a/compat/poll/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
     case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
       if (!once_only)
 	{
-	  NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)
+	  NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)(void (*)(void))
 	    GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll"),
 			    "NtQueryInformationFile");
 	  once_only = TRUE;
diff --git a/compat/winansi.c b/compat/winansi.c
index f4f0823..a29d34e 100644
--- a/compat/winansi.c
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <wingdi.h>
 #include <winreg.h>
 #include "win32.h"
+#include "win32/lazyload.h"
 
 static int fd_is_interactive[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 #define FD_CONSOLE 0x1
@@ -41,26 +42,21 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX)(HANDLE, BOOL,
-		PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX);
-
 static void warn_if_raster_font(void)
 {
 	DWORD fontFamily = 0;
-	PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx;
+	DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, BOOL, GetCurrentConsoleFontEx,
+			HANDLE, BOOL, PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX);
 
 	/* don't bother if output was ascii only */
 	if (!non_ascii_used)
 		return;
 
 	/* GetCurrentConsoleFontEx is available since Vista */
-	pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx = (PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX) GetProcAddress(
-			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"),
-			"GetCurrentConsoleFontEx");
-	if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx) {
+	if (INIT_PROC_ADDR(GetCurrentConsoleFontEx)) {
 		CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX cfi;
 		cfi.cbSize = sizeof(cfi);
-		if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx(console, 0, &cfi))
+		if (GetCurrentConsoleFontEx(console, 0, &cfi))
 			fontFamily = cfi.FontFamily;
 	} else {
 		/* pre-Vista: check default console font in registry */
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 296a6d9..26196bd 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -834,22 +834,16 @@
 	return error_return;
 }
 
-static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
+static uintmax_t get_unit_factor(const char *end)
 {
 	if (!*end)
 		return 1;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "k")) {
-		*val *= 1024;
-		return 1;
-	}
-	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "m")) {
-		*val *= 1024 * 1024;
-		return 1;
-	}
-	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "g")) {
-		*val *= 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
-		return 1;
-	}
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "k"))
+		return 1024;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "m"))
+		return 1024 * 1024;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "g"))
+		return 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -859,19 +853,20 @@
 		char *end;
 		intmax_t val;
 		uintmax_t uval;
-		uintmax_t factor = 1;
+		uintmax_t factor;
 
 		errno = 0;
 		val = strtoimax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor)) {
+		factor = get_unit_factor(end);
+		if (!factor) {
 			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		uval = labs(val);
-		uval *= factor;
-		if (uval > max || labs(val) > uval) {
+		uval = val < 0 ? -val : val;
+		if (unsigned_mult_overflows(factor, uval) ||
+		    factor * uval > max) {
 			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -888,21 +883,23 @@
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
 		uintmax_t val;
-		uintmax_t oldval;
+		uintmax_t factor;
 
 		errno = 0;
 		val = strtoumax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		oldval = val;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val)) {
+		factor = get_unit_factor(end);
+		if (!factor) {
 			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (val > max || oldval > val) {
+		if (unsigned_mult_overflows(factor, val) ||
+		    factor * val > max) {
 			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
 		}
+		val *= factor;
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/contrib/coccinelle/array.cocci b/contrib/coccinelle/array.cocci
index 0158682..46b8d2e 100644
--- a/contrib/coccinelle/array.cocci
+++ b/contrib/coccinelle/array.cocci
@@ -1,29 +1,60 @@
 @@
-type T;
-T *dst;
-T *src;
-expression n;
+expression dst, src, n, E;
 @@
-- memcpy(dst, src, (n) * sizeof(*dst));
-+ COPY_ARRAY(dst, src, n);
+  memcpy(dst, src, n * sizeof(
+- E[...]
++ *(E)
+  ))
 
 @@
 type T;
-T *dst;
-T *src;
-expression n;
+T *ptr;
+T[] arr;
+expression E, n;
 @@
-- memcpy(dst, src, (n) * sizeof(*src));
-+ COPY_ARRAY(dst, src, n);
+(
+  memcpy(ptr, E,
+- n * sizeof(*(ptr))
++ n * sizeof(T)
+  )
+|
+  memcpy(arr, E,
+- n * sizeof(*(arr))
++ n * sizeof(T)
+  )
+|
+  memcpy(E, ptr,
+- n * sizeof(*(ptr))
++ n * sizeof(T)
+  )
+|
+  memcpy(E, arr,
+- n * sizeof(*(arr))
++ n * sizeof(T)
+  )
+)
 
 @@
 type T;
-T *dst;
-T *src;
+T *dst_ptr;
+T *src_ptr;
+T[] dst_arr;
+T[] src_arr;
 expression n;
 @@
-- memcpy(dst, src, (n) * sizeof(T));
-+ COPY_ARRAY(dst, src, n);
+(
+- memcpy(dst_ptr, src_ptr, (n) * sizeof(T))
++ COPY_ARRAY(dst_ptr, src_ptr, n)
+|
+- memcpy(dst_ptr, src_arr, (n) * sizeof(T))
++ COPY_ARRAY(dst_ptr, src_arr, n)
+|
+- memcpy(dst_arr, src_ptr, (n) * sizeof(T))
++ COPY_ARRAY(dst_arr, src_ptr, n)
+|
+- memcpy(dst_arr, src_arr, (n) * sizeof(T))
++ COPY_ARRAY(dst_arr, src_arr, n)
+)
 
 @@
 type T;
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index 9f71bcd..8c6b610 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -400,7 +400,8 @@
 	if [ -z "$options" ]; then
 		# leading and trailing spaces are significant to make
 		# option removal work correctly.
-		options=" $incl $(__git ${cmd/_/ } --git-completion-helper) "
+		options=" $incl $(__git ${cmd/_/ } --git-completion-helper) " || return
+
 		for i in $excl; do
 			options="${options/ $i / }"
 		done
diff --git a/delta-islands.c b/delta-islands.c
index 2186bd0..b959f6c 100644
--- a/delta-islands.c
+++ b/delta-islands.c
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
 	free(list);
 }
 
-void load_delta_islands(struct repository *r)
+void load_delta_islands(struct repository *r, int progress)
 {
 	island_marks = kh_init_sha1();
 	remote_islands = kh_init_str();
@@ -463,7 +463,8 @@
 	for_each_ref(find_island_for_ref, NULL);
 	deduplicate_islands(r);
 
-	fprintf(stderr, _("Marked %d islands, done.\n"), island_counter);
+	if (progress)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Marked %d islands, done.\n"), island_counter);
 }
 
 void propagate_island_marks(struct commit *commit)
diff --git a/delta-islands.h b/delta-islands.h
index 3ac8045..eb0f952 100644
--- a/delta-islands.h
+++ b/delta-islands.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 void resolve_tree_islands(struct repository *r,
 			  int progress,
 			  struct packing_data *to_pack);
-void load_delta_islands(struct repository *r);
+void load_delta_islands(struct repository *r, int progress);
 void propagate_island_marks(struct commit *commit);
 int compute_pack_layers(struct packing_data *to_pack);
 
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index a654d46..1ccd96b 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -4206,6 +4206,8 @@
 	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER=%d", ++o->diff_path_counter);
 	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL=%d", q->nr);
 
+	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(two);
 	if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv.argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env.argv))
 		die(_("external diff died, stopping at %s"), name);
 
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index 07bd34b..6af92d5 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	first = 0;
 	last = rename_dst_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
-		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		int next = first + ((last - first) >> 1);
 		struct diff_rename_dst *dst = &(rename_dst[next]);
 		int cmp = strcmp(two->path, dst->two->path);
 		if (!cmp)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 	first = 0;
 	last = rename_src_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
-		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		int next = first + ((last - first) >> 1);
 		struct diff_rename_src *src = &(rename_src[next]);
 		int cmp = strcmp(one->path, src->p->one->path);
 		if (!cmp)
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index ba4a51c..d021c90 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
 	first = 0;
 	last = dir->dirs_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
-		int cmp, next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		int cmp, next = first + ((last - first) >> 1);
 		d = dir->dirs[next];
 		cmp = strncmp(name, d->name, len);
 		if (!cmp && strlen(d->name) > len)
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index 7154767..f079abb 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@
 
 		if (print_waiting_for_editor && !is_terminal_dumb())
 			/*
-			 * Go back to the beginning and erase the entire line to
-			 * avoid wasting the vertical space.
+			 * Erase the entire line to avoid wasting the
+			 * vertical space.
 			 */
-			fputs("\r\033[K", stderr);
+			term_clear_line();
 	}
 
 	if (!buffer)
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index f38d04f..606d442 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
 	struct tree_content *r = new_tree_content(t->entry_count + amt);
 	r->entry_count = t->entry_count;
 	r->delta_depth = t->delta_depth;
-	memcpy(r->entries,t->entries,t->entry_count*sizeof(t->entries[0]));
+	COPY_ARRAY(r->entries, t->entries, t->entry_count);
 	release_tree_content(t);
 	return r;
 }
diff --git a/fsmonitor.c b/fsmonitor.c
index 1dee0ad..231e83a 100644
--- a/fsmonitor.c
+++ b/fsmonitor.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
 void fill_fsmonitor_bitmap(struct index_state *istate)
 {
-	int i;
+	unsigned int i;
 	istate->fsmonitor_dirty = ewah_new();
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++)
 		if (!(istate->cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_FSMONITOR_VALID))
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 	size_t bol; /* beginning of line */
 	uint64_t last_update;
 	char *buf;
-	int i;
+	unsigned int i;
 
 	if (!core_fsmonitor || istate->fsmonitor_has_run_once)
 		return;
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 
 void add_fsmonitor(struct index_state *istate)
 {
-	int i;
+	unsigned int i;
 
 	if (!istate->fsmonitor_last_update) {
 		trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "add fsmonitor");
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
 
 void tweak_fsmonitor(struct index_state *istate)
 {
-	int i;
+	unsigned int i;
 	int fsmonitor_enabled = git_config_get_fsmonitor();
 
 	if (istate->fsmonitor_dirty) {
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index 20eb81c..da5b4ec 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -972,7 +972,11 @@
 			next;
 		}
 		if ($ofs_delta) {
-			$n_ofs += $ofs_delta;
+			if ($patch_mode_flavour{IS_REVERSE}) {
+				$o_ofs -= $ofs_delta;
+			} else {
+				$n_ofs += $ofs_delta;
+			}
 			$_->{TEXT}->[0] = format_hunk_header($o_ofs, $o_cnt,
 							     $n_ofs, $n_cnt);
 		}
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 8ed2745..d60115c 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -116,6 +116,9 @@
 	for (line = buf; *line; line = strchrnul(line+1, '\n')) {
 		while (*line == '\n')
 			line++;
+		if (!*line)
+			break;
+
 		/* Skip lines that don't start with GNUPG status */
 		if (!skip_prefix(line, "[GNUPG:] ", &line))
 			continue;
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 4fb6455..fc439e0 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -38,7 +38,13 @@
 #include "compat/obstack.h"
 
 #define NCHAR (UCHAR_MAX + 1)
-#define obstack_chunk_alloc xmalloc
+/* adapter for `xmalloc()`, which takes `size_t`, not `long` */
+static void *obstack_chunk_alloc(long size)
+{
+	if (size < 0)
+		BUG("Cannot allocate a negative amount: %ld", size);
+	return xmalloc(size);
+}
 #define obstack_chunk_free free
 
 #define U(c) ((unsigned char) (c))
@@ -475,7 +481,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < NCHAR; ++i)
 	  kwset->next[i] = next[U(trans[i])];
       else
-	memcpy(kwset->next, next, NCHAR * sizeof(struct trie *));
+	COPY_ARRAY(kwset->next, next, NCHAR);
     }
 
   /* Fix things up for any translation table. */
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index b4861bc..6959086 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -345,8 +345,9 @@
 	else {
 		int begin = k_start;
 		int end = k_end;
+		assert(begin >= 0);
 		while (begin < end) {
-			int mid = (begin + end) >> 1;
+			int mid = begin + ((end - begin) >> 1);
 			int cmp = strncmp(istate->cache[mid]->name, prefix->buf, prefix->len);
 			if (cmp == 0) /* mid has same prefix; look in second part */
 				begin = mid + 1;
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index e81d47a..cf1a2b7 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
 	o->loaded_alternates = 0;
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&o->packed_git_mru);
-	close_all_packs(o);
+	close_object_store(o);
 	o->packed_git = NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/packfile.c b/packfile.c
index d786ec7..c0d83fd 100644
--- a/packfile.c
+++ b/packfile.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "midx.h"
+#include "commit-graph.h"
 
 char *odb_pack_name(struct strbuf *buf,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@
 	close_pack_index(p);
 }
 
-void close_all_packs(struct raw_object_store *o)
+void close_object_store(struct raw_object_store *o)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
 
@@ -350,6 +351,8 @@
 		close_midx(o->multi_pack_index);
 		o->multi_pack_index = NULL;
 	}
+
+	close_commit_graph(o);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1269,7 +1272,7 @@
 		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
 			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
 			ALLOC_ARRAY(poi_stack, poi_stack_alloc);
-			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+			COPY_ARRAY(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, poi_stack_nr);
 		} else {
 			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
 		}
@@ -1679,8 +1682,8 @@
 		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
 			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
 			ALLOC_ARRAY(delta_stack, delta_stack_alloc);
-			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
-			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+			COPY_ARRAY(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+				   delta_stack_nr);
 		} else {
 			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
 		}
diff --git a/packfile.h b/packfile.h
index b678d35..81e868d 100644
--- a/packfile.h
+++ b/packfile.h
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t, unsigned long *);
 void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *);
 void close_pack(struct packed_git *);
-void close_all_packs(struct raw_object_store *o);
+void close_object_store(struct raw_object_store *o);
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **);
 void clear_delta_base_cache(void);
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, size_t path_len, int local);
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 4168460..41446d4 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -178,6 +178,26 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Clear the entire line, leave cursor in first column.
+ */
+void term_clear_line(void)
+{
+	if (is_terminal_dumb())
+		/*
+		 * Fall back to print a terminal width worth of space
+		 * characters (hoping that the terminal is still as wide
+		 * as it was upon the first call to term_columns()).
+		 */
+		fprintf(stderr, "\r%*s\r", term_columns(), "");
+	else
+		/*
+		 * On non-dumb terminals use an escape sequence to clear
+		 * the whole line, no matter how wide the terminal.
+		 */
+		fputs("\r\033[K", stderr);
+}
+
+/*
  * How many columns do we need to show this number in decimal?
  */
 int decimal_width(uintmax_t number)
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index ced0485..e4ed14e 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@
 	commit_formats_len = ARRAY_SIZE(builtin_formats);
 	builtin_formats_len = commit_formats_len;
 	ALLOC_GROW(commit_formats, commit_formats_len, commit_formats_alloc);
-	memcpy(commit_formats, builtin_formats,
-	       sizeof(*builtin_formats)*ARRAY_SIZE(builtin_formats));
+	COPY_ARRAY(commit_formats, builtin_formats,
+		   ARRAY_SIZE(builtin_formats));
 
 	git_config(git_pretty_formats_config, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index a2e8cf6..095dcd0 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@
 	const char *tp;
 	struct strbuf *counters_sb = &progress->counters_sb;
 	int show_update = 0;
-	int last_count_len = counters_sb->len;
 
 	if (progress->delay && (!progress_update || --progress->delay))
 		return;
@@ -116,26 +115,21 @@
 	if (show_update) {
 		if (is_foreground_fd(fileno(stderr)) || done) {
 			const char *eol = done ? done : "\r";
-			size_t clear_len = counters_sb->len < last_count_len ?
-					last_count_len - counters_sb->len + 1 :
-					0;
-			size_t progress_line_len = progress->title_len +
-						counters_sb->len + 2;
-			int cols = term_columns();
 
+			term_clear_line();
 			if (progress->split) {
-				fprintf(stderr, "  %s%*s", counters_sb->buf,
-					(int) clear_len, eol);
-			} else if (!done && cols < progress_line_len) {
-				clear_len = progress->title_len + 1 < cols ?
-					    cols - progress->title_len - 1 : 0;
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s:%*s\n  %s%s",
-					progress->title, (int) clear_len, "",
-					counters_sb->buf, eol);
+				fprintf(stderr, "  %s%s", counters_sb->buf,
+					eol);
+			} else if (!done &&
+				   /* The "+ 2" accounts for the ": ". */
+				   term_columns() < progress->title_len +
+						    counters_sb->len + 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s:\n  %s%s",
+					progress->title, counters_sb->buf, eol);
 				progress->split = 1;
 			} else {
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s%*s", progress->title,
-					counters_sb->buf, (int) clear_len, eol);
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s%s", progress->title,
+					counters_sb->buf, eol);
 			}
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 3281676..93a897f 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
 	first = 0;
 	last = istate->cache_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
-		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		int next = first + ((last - first) >> 1);
 		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
 		int cmp = cache_name_stage_compare(name, namelen, stage, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		if (!cmp)
@@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@
 	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + the_hash_algo->rawsz)
 		die(_("%s: index file smaller than expected"), path);
 
-	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	mmap = xmmap_gently(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	if (mmap == MAP_FAILED)
 		die_errno(_("%s: unable to map index file"), path);
 	close(fd);
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index f88a97f..1d206fd 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
 int sequencer_remove_state(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int i;
+	int i, ret = 0;
 
 	if (is_rebase_i(opts) &&
 	    strbuf_read_file(&buf, rebase_path_refs_to_delete(), 0) > 0) {
@@ -288,8 +288,10 @@
 			char *eol = strchr(p, '\n');
 			if (eol)
 				*eol = '\0';
-			if (delete_ref("(rebase -i) cleanup", p, NULL, 0) < 0)
+			if (delete_ref("(rebase -i) cleanup", p, NULL, 0) < 0) {
 				warning(_("could not delete '%s'"), p);
+				ret = -1;
+			}
 			if (!eol)
 				break;
 			p = eol + 1;
@@ -305,10 +307,11 @@
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, get_dir(opts));
-	remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+	if (remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0))
+		ret = error(_("could not remove '%s'"), buf.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
@@ -3731,8 +3734,11 @@
 			unlink(git_path_merge_head(the_repository));
 			delete_ref(NULL, "REBASE_HEAD", NULL, REF_NO_DEREF);
 
-			if (item->command == TODO_BREAK)
+			if (item->command == TODO_BREAK) {
+				if (!opts->verbose)
+					term_clear_line();
 				return stopped_at_head(r);
+			}
 		}
 		if (item->command <= TODO_SQUASH) {
 			if (is_rebase_i(opts))
@@ -3754,11 +3760,14 @@
 			}
 			if (item->command == TODO_EDIT) {
 				struct commit *commit = item->commit;
-				if (!res)
+				if (!res) {
+					if (!opts->verbose)
+						term_clear_line();
 					fprintf(stderr,
 						_("Stopped at %s...  %.*s\n"),
 						short_commit_name(commit),
 						item->arg_len, arg);
+				}
 				return error_with_patch(r, commit,
 					arg, item->arg_len, opts, res, !res);
 			}
@@ -3796,6 +3805,8 @@
 			int saved = *end_of_arg;
 			struct stat st;
 
+			if (!opts->verbose)
+				term_clear_line();
 			*end_of_arg = '\0';
 			res = do_exec(r, arg);
 			*end_of_arg = saved;
@@ -3954,10 +3965,13 @@
 		}
 		apply_autostash(opts);
 
-		if (!opts->quiet)
+		if (!opts->quiet) {
+			if (!opts->verbose)
+				term_clear_line();
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"Successfully rebased and updated %s.\n",
 				head_ref.buf);
+		}
 
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		strbuf_release(&head_ref);
diff --git a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
index cecfdd3..e7430b9 100644
--- a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
+++ b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
 	{
 	  /* Here we know that if s is in the list, it is at an index j
 	     with j1 <= j < j2.  */
-	  size_t j = (j1 + j2) >> 1;
+	  size_t j = j1 + ((j2 - j1) >> 1);
 	  int result = strcmp (slp->item[j], s);
 
 	  if (result > 0)
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index 0276d14..77c5ed6 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -311,8 +311,8 @@
 test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir realgitdir newdir &&
-	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
-	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
+	newdir_git="$(cat newdir/.git)" &&
+	test_cmp_fspath "$(pwd)/realgitdir" "${newdir_git#gitdir: }" &&
 	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
@@ -361,12 +361,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
-	(
-	cd newdir &&
-	git init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir
-	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
-	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
+	git -C newdir init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir &&
+	newdir_git="$(cat newdir/.git)" &&
+	test_cmp_fspath "$(pwd)/surrealgitdir" "${newdir_git#gitdir: }" &&
 	test_path_is_dir surrealgitdir/refs &&
 	test_path_is_missing realgitdir/refs
 '
@@ -374,12 +371,9 @@
 test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
 	rm -rf newdir realgitdir surrealgitdir &&
 	git init newdir &&
-	(
-	cd newdir &&
-	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
-	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
-	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
+	git -C newdir init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir &&
+	newdir_git="$(cat newdir/.git)" &&
+	test_cmp_fspath "$(pwd)/realgitdir" "${newdir_git#gitdir: }" &&
 	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0061-run-command.sh b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
index ebc4956..015fac8 100755
--- a/t/t0061-run-command.sh
+++ b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
@@ -210,4 +210,10 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success MINGW 'can spawn with argv[0] containing spaces' '
+	cp "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/t/helper/test-fake-ssh$X" ./ &&
+	test_must_fail "$PWD/test-fake-ssh$X" 2>err &&
+	grep TRASH_DIRECTORY err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 1723e1a..461dd53 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -75,11 +75,10 @@
 	test_line_count = 6 actual
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-error: nothing to do
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with empty HEAD' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: nothing to do
+	EOF
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 exec_true" git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1 &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
@@ -237,25 +236,23 @@
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-diff --git a/file1 b/file1
-index f70f10e..fd79235 100644
---- a/file1
-+++ b/file1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--A
-+G
-EOF
-
-cat > expect2 << EOF
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-D
-=======
-G
->>>>>>> 5d18e54... G
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+	index f70f10e..fd79235 100644
+	--- a/file1
+	+++ b/file1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-A
+	+G
+	EOF
+	cat >expect2 <<-\EOF &&
+	<<<<<<< HEAD
+	D
+	=======
+	G
+	>>>>>>> 5d18e54... G
+	EOF
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
@@ -495,15 +492,14 @@
 	git branch -D conflict-squash
 '
 
-cat > expect-squash-fixup << EOF
-B
-
-D
-
-ONCE
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
+	cat >expect-squash-fixup <<-\EOF &&
+	B
+
+	D
+
+	ONCE
+	EOF
 	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
@@ -799,13 +795,12 @@
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-an earlier note
-
-a note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes over a fixup' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	an earlier note
+
+	a note
+	EOF
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
@@ -1031,7 +1026,7 @@
 	test -z "$(git show -s --format=%p HEAD^)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root when root has untracked file confilct' '
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root when root has untracked file conflict' '
 	test_when_finished "reset_rebase" &&
 	git checkout -b failing-root-pick A &&
 	echo x >file2 &&
@@ -1304,52 +1299,37 @@
 		actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
-Dropped commits (newer to older):
- - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
-To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
-
-Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change the level of warnings.
-The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.
-
-Rebasing (1/4)
-Rebasing (2/4)
-Rebasing (3/4)
-Rebasing (4/4)
-Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/missing-commit.
-EOF
-
-cr_to_nl () {
-	tr '\015' '\012'
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects rebase.missingCommitsCheck = warn' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
+	Dropped commits (newer to older):
+	 - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
+	To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
+	EOF
 	test_config rebase.missingCommitsCheck warn &&
 	rebase_setup_and_clean missing-commit &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" \
 		git rebase -i --root 2>actual.2 &&
-	cr_to_nl <actual.2 >actual &&
+	head -n4 actual.2 >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual &&
 	test D = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
-Dropped commits (newer to older):
- - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
- - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master~2)
-To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
-
-Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change the level of warnings.
-The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.
-
-You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo' and then run 'git rebase --continue'.
-Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase --abort'.
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects rebase.missingCommitsCheck = error' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.
+	Dropped commits (newer to older):
+	 - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master)
+	 - $(git rev-list --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit -1 master~2)
+	To avoid this message, use "drop" to explicitly remove a commit.
+
+	Use '\''git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck'\'' to change the level of warnings.
+	The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.
+
+	You can fix this with '\''git rebase --edit-todo'\'' and then run '\''git rebase --continue'\''.
+	Or you can abort the rebase with '\''git rebase --abort'\''.
+	EOF
 	test_config rebase.missingCommitsCheck error &&
 	rebase_setup_and_clean missing-commit &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
diff --git a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
index bdaa511..4eff14d 100755
--- a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
+++ b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
@@ -265,4 +265,12 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "has been rescheduled" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase.reschedulefailedexec only affects `rebase -i`' '
+	test_config rebase.reschedulefailedexec true &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -x false HEAD^ &&
+	grep "^exec false" .git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo &&
+	git rebase --abort &&
+	git rebase HEAD^
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
index 2d1094e..9186e90 100755
--- a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 	$(grep "^Created autostash: [0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*\$" actual)
 	HEAD is now at $(git rev-parse --short feature-branch) third commit
 	Rebasing (1/2)QRebasing (2/2)QApplied autostash.
-	Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/rebased-feature-branch.
+	Q                                                                                QSuccessfully rebased and updated refs/heads/rebased-feature-branch.
 	EOF
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 	Rebasing (1/2)QRebasing (2/2)QApplying autostash resulted in conflicts.
 	Your changes are safe in the stash.
 	You can run "git stash pop" or "git stash drop" at any time.
-	Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/rebased-feature-branch.
+	Q                                                                                QSuccessfully rebased and updated refs/heads/rebased-feature-branch.
 	EOF
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh b/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
index 42ba5b9..f0814d5 100755
--- a/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
@@ -224,8 +224,24 @@
 	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$(cat wt/b)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--abort cleans up refs/rewritten' '
+	git checkout -b abort-cleans-refs-rewritten H &&
+	GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR="echo break >>" git rebase -ir @^ &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/rewritten/onto &&
+	git rebase --abort &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/rewritten/onto
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quit cleans up refs/rewritten' '
+	git checkout -b quit-cleans-refs-rewritten H &&
+	GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR="echo break >>" git rebase -ir @^ &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/rewritten/onto &&
+	git rebase --quit &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/rewritten/onto
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'post-rewrite hook and fixups work for merges' '
-	git checkout -b post-rewrite &&
+	git checkout -b post-rewrite H &&
 	test_commit same1 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_commit same2 &&
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 85ae7dc..66282a7 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -252,6 +252,19 @@
 	test_path_is_missing .git/index.lock
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Resolving by removal is not a warning-worthy event' '
+	git reset -q --hard &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/index.lock msg && git reset -q --hard" &&
+	blob=$(echo blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	for stage in 1 2 3
+	do
+		echo "100644 $blob $stage	blob"
+	done | git update-index --index-info &&
+	git rm blob >msg 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "needs merge" msg &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files -s --error-unmatch blob
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
 	mkdir -p dir/subdir/subsubdir &&
 	echo content >dir/subdir/subsubdir/file &&
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 65dfbc0..69991a3 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -639,4 +639,12 @@
 	test_cmp expected-2 actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout -p works with pathological context lines' '
+	test_write_lines a a a a a a >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_write_lines a b a b a b a b a b a > a&&
+	test_write_lines s n n y q | git checkout -p &&
+	test_write_lines a b a b a a b a b a >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect a
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index ea30d5f..b22e671 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -708,6 +708,24 @@
 	git stash drop
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'valid ref of the form "n", n < N' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	echo bar5 >file &&
+	echo bar6 >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash show 0 &&
+	git stash branch tmp 0 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash apply 0 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash pop 0 &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash drop 0 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash drop
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'branch: do not drop the stash if the branch exists' '
 	git stash clear &&
 	echo foo >file &&
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index ab4670d..6b087df 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -2008,4 +2008,26 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+# Note that the "6" in the expected hunk header below is funny, since we only
+# show 5 lines (the missing one was blank and thus ignored). This is how
+# --ignore-blank-lines behaves even without --function-context, and this test
+# is just checking the interaction of the two features. Don't take it as an
+# endorsement of that output.
+test_expect_success 'combine --ignore-blank-lines with --function-context' '
+	test_write_lines 1 "" 2 3 4 5 >a &&
+	test_write_lines 1    2 3 4   >b &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index \
+		--ignore-blank-lines --function-context a b >actual.raw &&
+	sed -n "/@@/,\$p" <actual.raw >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	 4
+	-5
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
index 840ad4d..5267c4b 100755
--- a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@
 	test_path_is_file info/commit-graph
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'close with correct error on bad input' '
+	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/full" &&
+	echo doesnotexist >in &&
+	{ git commit-graph write --stdin-packs <in 2>stderr; ret=$?; } &&
+	test "$ret" = 1 &&
+	test_i18ngrep "error adding pack" stderr
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'create commits and repack' '
 	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/full" &&
 	for i in $(test_seq 3)
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
index 8ef8763..b86ddb6 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
@@ -177,6 +177,55 @@
 	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push --atomic also prevents branch creation, reports collateral' '
+	# Setup upstream repo - empty for now
+	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/atomic-branches.git &&
+	git init --bare "$d" &&
+	test_config -C "$d" http.receivepack true &&
+	up="$HTTPD_URL"/smart/atomic-branches.git &&
+
+	# Tell "$up" about two branches for now
+	test_commit atomic1 &&
+	test_commit atomic2 &&
+	git branch collateral &&
+	git push "$up" master collateral &&
+
+	# collateral is a valid push, but should be failed by atomic push
+	git checkout collateral &&
+	test_commit collateral1 &&
+
+	# Make master incompatible with upstream to provoke atomic
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+
+	# Add a new branch which should be failed by atomic push. This is a
+	# regression case.
+	git branch atomic &&
+
+	# --atomic should cause entire push to be rejected
+	test_must_fail git push --atomic "$up" master atomic collateral 2>output &&
+
+	# the new branch should not have been created upstream
+	test_must_fail git -C "$d" show-ref --verify refs/heads/atomic &&
+
+	# upstream should still reflect atomic2, the last thing we pushed
+	# successfully
+	git rev-parse atomic2 >expected &&
+	# on master...
+	git -C "$d" rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	# ...and collateral.
+	git -C "$d" rev-parse refs/heads/collateral >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	# the failed refs should be indicated to the user
+	grep "^ ! .*rejected.* master -> master" output &&
+
+	# the collateral failure refs should be indicated to the user
+	grep "^ ! .*rejected.* atomic -> atomic .*atomic push failed" output &&
+	grep "^ ! .*rejected.* collateral -> collateral .*atomic push failed" output
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --all can push to empty repo' '
 	d=$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/empty-all.git &&
 	git init --bare "$d" &&
@@ -213,7 +262,7 @@
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
 	test_commit noisy &&
 	test_terminal git push >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_i18ngrep "^Writing objects" output
+	test_i18ngrep "Writing objects" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success TTY 'push --quiet silences status and progress' '
@@ -228,7 +277,7 @@
 	test_commit no-progress &&
 	test_terminal git push --no-progress >output 2>&1 &&
 	test_i18ngrep "^To http" output &&
-	test_i18ngrep ! "^Writing objects" output
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Writing objects" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --progress shows progress to non-tty' '
@@ -236,7 +285,7 @@
 	test_commit progress &&
 	git push --progress >output 2>&1 &&
 	test_i18ngrep "^To http" output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "^Writing objects" output
+	test_i18ngrep "Writing objects" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'http push gives sane defaults to reflog' '
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
index ac74626..e38e543 100755
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
 	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual &&
-	grep "not valid:" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "not valid:" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
@@ -301,11 +301,10 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'large fetch-pack requests can be split across POSTs' '
+test_expect_success 'large fetch-pack requests can be sent using chunked encoding' '
 	GIT_TRACE_CURL=true git -c http.postbuffer=65536 \
 		clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git" split.git 2>err &&
-	grep "^=> Send header: POST" err >posts &&
-	test_line_count = 2 posts
+	grep "^=> Send header: Transfer-Encoding: chunked" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test allowreachablesha1inwant' '
@@ -466,7 +465,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'server-side error detected' '
 	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/error_smart/repo.git 2>actual &&
-	grep "server-side error" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "server-side error" actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
index d04f800..2d6c4a2 100755
--- a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
-	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NOREFSPEC=1 \
 	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
 	test_i18ngrep "this remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
 	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
 	(cd local2 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NOREFSPEC=1 git pull 2>../error) &&
 	test_i18ngrep "this remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
 	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
 '
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@
 	(cd local2 &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git commit -a -m ten &&
-	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" &&
-	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NOREFSPEC=1 &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NOREFSPEC &&
 	test_must_fail git push 2>../error) &&
 	test_i18ngrep "remote-helper doesn.t support push; refspec needed" error
 '
@@ -303,4 +303,14 @@
 	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetch tag' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git tag v1.0
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local v1.0 server v1.0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801/git-remote-testgit b/t/t5801/git-remote-testgit
index 752c763..6b9f0b5 100755
--- a/t/t5801/git-remote-testgit
+++ b/t/t5801/git-remote-testgit
@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@
 url=$2
 
 dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
-prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
 
-default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+h_refspec="refs/heads/*:refs/testgit/$alias/heads/*"
+t_refspec="refs/tags/*:refs/testgit/$alias/tags/*"
 
-refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
-
-test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NOREFSPEC"
+then
+	h_refspec=""
+	t_refspec=""
+fi
 
 GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
 export GIT_DIR
@@ -40,7 +42,8 @@
 	capabilities)
 		echo 'import'
 		echo 'export'
-		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		test -n "$h_refspec" && echo "refspec $h_refspec"
+		test -n "$t_refspec" && echo "refspec $t_refspec"
 		if test -n "$gitmarks"
 		then
 			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@
 		echo
 		;;
 	list)
-		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/' 'refs/tags/'
 		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
 		echo "@$head HEAD"
 		echo
@@ -81,10 +84,11 @@
 
 		echo "feature done"
 		git fast-export \
+			${h_refspec:+"--refspec=$h_refspec"} \
+			${t_refspec:+"--refspec=$t_refspec"} \
 			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
 			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
-			$refs |
-		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+			$refs
 		echo "done"
 		;;
 	export)
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index 7b36954..a2c45d1 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -669,4 +669,16 @@
 	test_path_is_missing foo/b/bb
 '
 
+test_expect_success MINGW 'handle clean & core.longpaths = false nicely' '
+	test_config core.longpaths false &&
+	a50=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	mkdir -p $a50$a50/$a50$a50/$a50$a50 &&
+	: >"$a50$a50/test.txt" 2>"$a50$a50/$a50$a50/$a50$a50/test.txt" &&
+	# create a temporary outside the working tree to hide from "git clean"
+	test_must_fail git clean -xdf 2>.git/err &&
+	# grepping for a strerror string is unportable but it is OK here with
+	# MINGW prereq
+	test_i18ngrep "too long" .git/err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 706ae76..6b2aa91 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -421,4 +421,11 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'option-like arguments passed to foreach recurse correctly' '
+	git -C clone2 submodule foreach --recursive "echo be --an-option" >expect &&
+	git -C clone2 submodule foreach --recursive echo be --an-option >actual &&
+	grep -e "--an-option" expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
index c441861..f19202b 100755
--- a/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
+++ b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
@@ -538,33 +538,50 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'with message that has comments' '
-	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
-	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>message_with_comments <<-\EOF &&
-		# comment
+# Cover multiple comment characters with the same test input.
+for char in "#" ";"
+do
+	case "$char" in
+	"#")
+		# This is the default, so let's explicitly _not_
+		# set any config to make sure it behaves as we expect.
+		;;
+	*)
+		config="-c core.commentChar=$char"
+		;;
+	esac
 
-		# other comment
-		Cc: Z
-		# yet another comment
-		Reviewed-by: Johan
-		Reviewed-by: Z
-		# last comment
+	test_expect_success "with message that has comments ($char)" '
+		cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" \
+		    -e "s/#/$char/g" >>message_with_comments <<-EOF &&
+			# comment
 
-	EOF
-	cat basic_patch >>message_with_comments &&
-	cat basic_message >expected &&
-	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
-		# comment
+			# other comment
+			Cc: Z
+			# yet another comment
+			Reviewed-by: Johan
+			Reviewed-by: Z
+			# last comment
 
-		Reviewed-by: Johan
-		Cc: Peff
-		# last comment
+		EOF
+		cat basic_patch >>message_with_comments &&
+		cat basic_message >expected &&
+		sed -e "s/#/$char/g" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+			# comment
 
-	EOF
-	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
-	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" message_with_comments >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
+			Reviewed-by: Johan
+			Cc: Peff
+			# last comment
+
+		EOF
+		cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+		git $config interpret-trailers \
+			--trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" \
+			message_with_comments >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+done
 
 test_expect_success 'with message that has an old style conflict block' '
 	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 8270de7..f233522 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -888,6 +888,21 @@
 	fi
 }
 
+# Compare paths respecting core.ignoreCase
+test_cmp_fspath () {
+	if test "x$1" = "x$2"
+	then
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	if test true != "$(git config --get --type=bool core.ignorecase)"
+	then
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	test "x$(echo "$1" | tr A-Z a-z)" =  "x$(echo "$2" | tr A-Z a-z)"
+}
+
 # Print a sequence of integers in increasing order, either with
 # two arguments (start and end):
 #
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index c7e17ec..6b05a88 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -853,6 +853,7 @@
 {
 	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
 	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
+	int atomic = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref;
@@ -872,6 +873,11 @@
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			if (atomic) {
+				string_list_clear(&cas_options, 0);
+				return 0;
+			} else
+				continue;
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index f1fcd2c..453de8f 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -1226,6 +1226,20 @@
 		err = push_had_errors(remote_refs);
 		ret = push_ret | err;
 
+		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC) && err) {
+			struct ref *it;
+			for (it = remote_refs; it; it = it->next)
+				switch (it->status) {
+				case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+				case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+				case REF_STATUS_OK:
+					it->status = REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED;
+					break;
+				default:
+					break;
+				}
+		}
+
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 4d2129e..b2a9f36 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@
 {
 	struct commit_list *result;
 
-	close_commit_graph(the_repository);
+	close_commit_graph(the_repository->objects);
 	result = get_shallow_commits_by_rev_list(ac, av, SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 	send_shallow(writer, result);
 	free_commit_list(result);
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index ea3cf64..1e45ab7 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
 	 * Try TMP_MAX different filenames.
 	 */
 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
-	value = ((size_t)(tv.tv_usec << 16)) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ getpid();
+	value = ((uint64_t)tv.tv_usec << 16) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ getpid();
 	filename_template = &pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len];
 	for (count = 0; count < TMP_MAX; ++count) {
 		uint64_t v = value;
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
index 7778dc2..30713ae 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.c
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 			if (fs1 < 0)
 				fs1 = 0;
 			if (fs1 < s1) {
-				s2 -= s1 - fs1;
+				s2 = XDL_MAX(s2 - (s1 - fs1), 0);
 				s1 = fs1;
 			}
 		}
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
 			if (fe1 < 0)
 				fe1 = xe->xdf1.nrec;
 			if (fe1 > e1) {
-				e2 += fe1 - e1;
+				e2 = XDL_MIN(e2 + (fe1 - e1), xe->xdf2.nrec);
 				e1 = fe1;
 			}