Merge branch 'ab/dynamic-gettext-poison'

Our testing framework uses a special i18n "poisoned localization"
feature to find messages that ought to stay constant but are
incorrectly marked to be translated.  This feature has been made
into a runtime option (it used to be a compile-time option).

* ab/dynamic-gettext-poison:
  Makefile: ease dynamic-gettext-poison transition
  i18n: make GETTEXT_POISON a runtime option
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 49b3051..acf853e 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 *.pl eof=lf diff=perl
 *.pm eol=lf diff=perl
 *.py eol=lf diff=python
-/Documentation/git-*.txt eol=lf
+/Documentation/**/*.txt eol=lf
 /command-list.txt eol=lf
 /GIT-VERSION-GEN eol=lf
 /mergetools/* eol=lf
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index bef3352..eb7b5fc 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
 Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@rossby.metr.ou.edu>
 Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@us.ibm.com>
+Ben Peart <benpeart@microsoft.com> <Ben.Peart@microsoft.com>
+Ben Peart <benpeart@microsoft.com> <peartben@gmail.com>
 Ben Walton <bdwalton@gmail.com> <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
 Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com> <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>
 Bernt Hansen <bernt@norang.ca> <bernt@alumni.uwaterloo.ca>
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@
 Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
 Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> <chrisw@osdl.org>
+Christian Ludwig <chrissicool@gmail.com> <chrissicool@googlemail.com>
 Cord Seele <cowose@gmail.com> <cowose@googlemail.com>
 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> <christian.couder@gmail.com>
 Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de> <chs@ckiste.goetheallee>
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 David Turner <novalis@novalis.org> <dturner@twopensource.com>
 David Turner <novalis@novalis.org> <dturner@twosigma.com>
+Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com> <stolee@gmail.com>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
 Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> <ebb9@byu.net>
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@
 Jens Lindström <jl@opera.com> Jens Lindstrom <jl@opera.com>
 Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net> <meyering@redhat.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
+Joachim Jablon <joachim.jablon@people-doc.com> <ewjoachim@gmail.com>
 Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
 Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
 Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
@@ -150,6 +155,7 @@
 Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
 Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
 Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
+Masaya Suzuki <masayasuzuki@google.com> <draftcode@gmail.com>
 Matt Draisey <matt@draisey.ca> <mattdraisey@sympatico.ca>
 Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org> <matt.kraai@amo.abbott.com>
 Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> <hashproduct@gmail.com>
@@ -157,6 +163,7 @@
 Matthias Rüster <matthias.ruester@gmail.com> Matthias Ruester
 Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@kiste.(none)>
 Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
+Matthieu Moy <git@matthieu-moy.fr> <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@grubix.eu> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
 Michael J Gruber <git@grubix.eu> <git@drmicha.warpmail.net>
@@ -180,7 +187,11 @@
 Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nickwoolley@yahoo.co.uk>
 Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas.morey@free.fr>
 Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmorey@kalray.eu>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas@morey-chaisemartin.com>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <NMoreyChaisemartin@suse.com>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmoreychaisemartin@suse.com>
 Nicolas Sebrecht <nicolas.s.dev@gmx.fr> <ni.s@laposte.net>
+Orgad Shaneh <orgads@gmail.com> <orgad.shaneh@audiocodes.com>
 Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> <paolo.bonzini@lu.unisi.ch>
 Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@gmail.com>
 Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@wanadoo.fr>
@@ -200,6 +211,7 @@
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
 Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
+Randall S. Becker <randall.becker@nexbridge.ca> <rsbecker@nexbridge.com>
 René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Rene Scharfe
 Richard Hansen <rhansen@rhansen.org> <hansenr@google.com>
@@ -238,6 +250,7 @@
 Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <Sven.Verdoolaege@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>
 Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <skimo@liacs.nl>
 SZEDER Gábor <szeder.dev@gmail.com> <szeder@ira.uka.de>
+Tao Qingyun <taoqy@ls-a.me> <845767657@qq.com>
 Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
 Ted Percival <ted@midg3t.net> <ted.percival@quest.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 4523a2e..03c8e4c 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 language: c
 
-sudo: false
-
 cache:
   directories:
     - $HOME/travis-cache
@@ -14,16 +12,6 @@
   - clang
   - gcc
 
-addons:
-  apt:
-    sources:
-    - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-    packages:
-    - language-pack-is
-    - git-svn
-    - apache2
-    - gcc-8
-
 matrix:
   include:
     - env: jobname=GIT_TEST_GETTEXT_POISON
@@ -52,22 +40,11 @@
     - env: jobname=StaticAnalysis
       os: linux
       compiler:
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          packages:
-          - coccinelle
-      before_install:
       script: ci/run-static-analysis.sh
       after_failure:
     - env: jobname=Documentation
       os: linux
       compiler:
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          packages:
-          - asciidoc
-          - xmlto
-      before_install:
       script: ci/test-documentation.sh
       after_failure:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 95f6a32..48d261d 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
 	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
 	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
 
-doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) $(wildcard config/*.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
index 4b546d0..28a6863 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-Git Release Notes
-=================
+Git 2.20 Release Notes
+======================
 
 Backward Compatibility Notes
 ----------------------------
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
  * "git format-patch" learned new "--interdiff" and "--range-diff"
    options to explain the difference between this version and the
-   previous attempt in the cover letter (or after the tree-dashes as
+   previous attempt in the cover letter (or after the three-dashes as
    a comment).
 
  * "git mailinfo" used in "git am" learned to make a best-effort
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
    meaningfully large repository.  The users will now see progress
    output.
 
- * The minimum version of Windows supported by Windows port fo Git is
+ * The minimum version of Windows supported by Windows port of Git is
    now set to Vista.
 
  * The completion script (in contrib/) learned to complete a handful of
@@ -149,6 +149,39 @@
    insert in the to-do list.  Upon hitting it, the command returns
    control back to the user.
 
+ * New "--pretty=format:" placeholders %GF and %GP that show the GPG
+   key fingerprints have been invented.
+
+ * On platforms with recent cURL library, http.sslBackend configuration
+   variable can be used to choose a different SSL backend at runtime.
+   The Windows port uses this mechanism to switch between OpenSSL and
+   Secure Channel while talking over the HTTPS protocol.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned to disable SMTP authentication via the
+   "--smtp-auth=none" option, even when the smtp username is given
+   (which turns the authentication on by default).
+
+ * A fourth class of configuration files (in addition to the
+   traditional "system wide", "per user in the $HOME directory" and
+   "per repository in the $GIT_DIR/config") has been introduced so
+   that different worktrees that share the same repository (hence the
+   same $GIT_DIR/config file) can use different customization.
+
+ * A pattern with '**' that does not have a slash on either side used
+   to be an invalid one, but the code now treats such double-asterisks
+   the same way as two normal asterisks that happen to be adjacent to
+   each other.
+   (merge e5bbe09e88 nd/wildmatch-double-asterisk later to maint).
+
+ * The "--no-patch" option, which can be used to get a high-level
+   overview without the actual line-by-line patch difference shown, of
+   the "range-diff" command was earlier broken, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * The recently merged "rebase in C" has an escape hatch to use the
+   scripted version when necessary, but it hasn't been documented,
+   which has been corrected.
+
 
 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
 
@@ -268,6 +301,67 @@
 
  * "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" have been reimplemented in C.
 
+ * Windows port learned to use nano-second resolution file timestamps.
+
+ * The overly large Documentation/config.txt file have been split into
+   million little pieces.  This potentially allows each individual piece
+   included into the manual page of the command it affects more easily.
+
+ * Replace three string-list instances used as look-up tables in "git
+   fetch" with hashmaps.
+
+ * Unify code to read the author-script used in "git am" and the
+   commands that use the sequencer machinery, e.g. "git rebase -i".
+
+ * In preparation to the day when we can deprecate and remove the
+   "rebase -p", make sure we can skip and later remove tests for
+   it.
+
+ * The history traversal used to implement the tag-following has been
+   optimized by introducing a new helper.
+
+ * The helper function to refresh the cached stat information in the
+   in-core index has learned to perform the lstat() part of the
+   operation in parallel on multi-core platforms.
+
+ * The code to traverse objects for reachability, used to decide what
+   objects are unreferenced and expendable, have been taught to also
+   consider per-worktree refs of other worktrees as starting points to
+   prevent data loss.
+
+ * "git add" needs to internally run "diff-files" equivalent, and the
+   codepath learned the same optimization as "diff-files" has to run
+   lstat(2) in parallel to find which paths have been updated in the
+   working tree.
+
+ * The procedure to install dependencies before testing at Travis CI
+   is getting revamped for both simplicity and flexibility, taking
+   advantage of the recent move to the vm-based environment.
+
+ * The support for format-patch (and send-email) by the command-line
+   completion script (in contrib/) has been simplified a bit.
+
+ * The revision walker machinery learned to take advantage of the
+   commit generation numbers stored in the commit-graph file.
+
+ * The codebase has been cleaned up to reduce "#ifndef NO_PTHREADS".
+
+ * The way -lcurl library gets linked has been simplified by taking
+   advantage of the fact that we can just ask curl-config command how.
+
+ * Various functions have been audited for "-Wunused-parameter" warnings
+   and bugs in them got fixed.
+
+ * A sanity check for start-up sequence has been added in the config
+   API codepath.
+
+ * The build procedure to link for fuzzing test has been made
+   customizable with a new Makefile variable.
+
+ * The way "git rebase" parses and forwards the command line options
+   meant for underlying "git am" has been revamped, which fixed for
+   options with parameters that were not passed correctly.
+
 
 Fixes since v2.19
 -----------------
@@ -394,6 +488,123 @@
    has been corrected.
    (merge b072a25fad jc/receive-deny-current-branch-fix later to maint).
 
+ * The logic to determine the archive type "git archive" uses did not
+   correctly kick in for "git archive --remote", which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * "git repack" in a shallow clone did not correctly update the
+   shallow points in the repository, leading to a repository that
+   does not pass fsck.
+   (merge 5dcfbf564c js/shallow-and-fetch-prune later to maint).
+
+ * Some codepaths failed to form a proper URL when .gitmodules record
+   the URL to a submodule repository as relative to the repository of
+   superproject, which has been corrected.
+   (merge e0a862fdaf sb/submodule-url-to-absolute later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" over protocol v2 into a shallow repository failed to
+   fetch full history behind a new tip of history that was diverged
+   before the cut-off point of the history that was previously fetched
+   shallowly.
+
+ * The command line completion machinery (in contrib/) has been
+   updated to allow the completion script to tweak the list of options
+   that are reported by the parse-options machinery correctly.
+   (merge 276b49ff34 nd/completion-negation later to maint).
+
+ * Operations on promisor objects make sense in the context of only a
+   small subset of the commands that internally use the revisions
+   machinery, but the "--exclude-promisor-objects" option were taken
+   and led to nonsense results by commands like "log", to which it
+   didn't make much sense.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge 669b1d2aae md/exclude-promisor-objects-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The "container" mode of TravisCI is going away.  Our .travis.yml
+   file is getting prepared for the transition.
+   (merge 32ee384be8 ss/travis-ci-force-vm-mode later to maint).
+
+ * Our test scripts can now take the '-V' option as a synonym for the
+   '--verbose-log' option.
+   (merge a5f52c6dab sg/test-verbose-log later to maint).
+
+ * A regression in Git 2.12 era made "git fsck" fall into an infinite
+   loop while processing truncated loose objects.
+   (merge 18ad13e5b2 jk/detect-truncated-zlib-input later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-remote $there foo" was broken by recent update for the
+   protocol v2 and stopped showing refs that match 'foo' that are not
+   refs/{heads,tags}/foo, which has been fixed.
+   (merge 6a139cdd74 jk/proto-v2-ref-prefix-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Additional comment on a tricky piece of code to help developers.
+   (merge 0afbe3e806 jk/stream-pack-non-delta-clarification later to maint).
+
+ * A couple of tests used to leave the repository in a state that is
+   deliberately corrupt, which have been corrected.
+   (merge aa984dbe5e ab/pack-tests-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * The submodule support has been updated to read from the blob at
+   HEAD:.gitmodules when the .gitmodules file is missing from the
+   working tree.
+   (merge 2b1257e463 ao/submodule-wo-gitmodules-checked-out later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" was a bit loose in parsing responses from the other side
+   when talking over the protocol v2.
+
+ * "git rev-parse --exclude=* --branches --branches"  (i.e. first
+   saying "add only things that do not match '*' out of all branches"
+   and then adding all branches, without any exclusion this time")
+   worked as expected, but "--exclude=* --all --all" did not work the
+   same way, which has been fixed.
+   (merge 5221048092 ag/rev-parse-all-exclude-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-email --transfer-encoding=..." in recent versions of Git
+   sometimes produced an empty "Content-Transfer-Encoding:" header,
+   which has been corrected.
+   (merge 3c88e46f1a al/send-email-auto-cte-fixup later to maint).
+
+ * The interface into "xdiff" library used to discover the offset and
+   size of a generated patch hunk by first formatting it into the
+   textual hunk header "@@ -n,m +k,l @@" and then parsing the numbers
+   out.  A new interface has been introduced to allow callers a more
+   direct access to them.
+   (merge 5eade0746e jk/xdiff-interface later to maint).
+
+ * Pathspec matching against a tree object were buggy when negative
+   pathspec elements were involved, which has been fixed.
+   (merge b7845cebc0 nd/tree-walk-path-exclusion later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" that merges into an unborn branch used
+   to completely ignore "--verify-signatures", which has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 01a31f3bca jk/verify-sig-merge-into-void later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --autostash" did not correctly re-attach the HEAD at times.
+
+ * "rev-parse --exclude=<pattern> --branches=<pattern>" etc. did not
+   quite work, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 9ab9b5df0e ra/rev-parse-exclude-glob later to maint).
+
+ * When editing a patch in a "git add -i" session, a hunk could be
+   made to no-op.  The "git apply" program used to reject a patch with
+   such a no-op hunk to catch user mistakes, but it is now updated to
+   explicitly allow a no-op hunk in an edited patch.
+   (merge 22cb3835b9 js/apply-recount-allow-noop later to maint).
+
+ * The URL to an MSDN page in a comment has been updated.
+   (merge 2ef2ae2917 js/mingw-msdn-url later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-remote --sort=<thing>" can feed an object that is not yet
+   available into the comparison machinery and segfault, which has
+   been corrected to check such a request upfront and reject it.
+
+ * When "git bundle" aborts due to an empty commit ranges
+   (i.e. resulting in an empty pack), it left a file descriptor to an
+   lockfile open, which resulted in leftover lockfile on Windows where
+   you cannot remove a file with an open file descriptor.  This has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge 2c8ee1f53c jk/close-duped-fd-before-unlock-for-bundle later to maint).
+
  * Code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
    (merge 96a7501aad ts/doc-build-manpage-xsl-quietly later to maint).
    (merge b9b07efdb2 tg/conflict-marker-size later to maint).
@@ -430,3 +641,7 @@
    (merge b84c783882 jc/cocci-preincr later to maint).
    (merge 5e495f8122 uk/merge-subtree-doc-update later to maint).
    (merge aaaa881822 jk/uploadpack-packobjectshook-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 3063477445 tb/char-may-be-unsigned later to maint).
+   (merge 8c64bc9420 sg/test-rebase-editor-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 71571cd7d6 ma/sequencer-do-reset-saner-loop-termination later to maint).
+   (merge 9a4cb8781e cb/notes-freeing-always-null-fix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 09e95e9..d87846f 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 ------------------
 
 The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
-is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
+the Git commands' behavior. The files `.git/config` and optionally
+`config.worktree` (see `extensions.worktreeConfig` below) in each
+repository are used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
@@ -287,2859 +288,152 @@
 names do not conflict with those that are used by Git itself and
 other popular tools, and describe them in your documentation.
 
+include::config/advice.txt[]
 
-advice.*::
-	These variables control various optional help messages designed to
-	aid new users. All 'advice.*' variables default to 'true', and you
-	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
-+
---
-	pushUpdateRejected::
-		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
-		'pushNonFFCurrent',
-		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
-		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
-		simultaneously.
-	pushNonFFCurrent::
-		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
-		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
-	pushNonFFMatching::
-		Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed
-		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
-		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
-		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
-	pushAlreadyExists::
-		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
-		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
-	pushFetchFirst::
-		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
-		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
-		object we do not have.
-	pushNeedsForce::
-		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
-		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
-		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
-		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
-	statusHints::
-		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
-		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
-		the template shown when writing commit messages in
-		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
-		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
-	statusUoption::
-		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
-		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
-		files.
-	commitBeforeMerge::
-		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
-		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
-	resolveConflict::
-		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
-		prevent the operation from being performed.
-	implicitIdentity::
-		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
-		your information is guessed from the system username and
-		domain name.
-	detachedHead::
-		Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to
-		move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create
-		a local branch after the fact.
-	checkoutAmbiguousRemoteBranchName::
-		Advice shown when the argument to
-		linkgit:git-checkout[1] ambiguously resolves to a
-		remote tracking branch on more than one remote in
-		situations where an unambiguous argument would have
-		otherwise caused a remote-tracking branch to be
-		checked out. See the `checkout.defaultRemote`
-		configuration variable for how to set a given remote
-		to used by default in some situations where this
-		advice would be printed.
-	amWorkDir::
-		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
-		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
-	rmHints::
-		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
-		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
-	addEmbeddedRepo::
-		Advice on what to do when you've accidentally added one
-		git repo inside of another.
-	ignoredHook::
-		Advice shown if a hook is ignored because the hook is not
-		set as executable.
-	waitingForEditor::
-		Print a message to the terminal whenever Git is waiting for
-		editor input from the user.
---
+include::config/core.txt[]
 
-core.fileMode::
-	Tells Git if the executable bit of files in the working tree
-	is to be honored.
-+
-Some filesystems lose the executable bit when a file that is
-marked as executable is checked out, or checks out a
-non-executable file with executable bit on.
-linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] probe the filesystem
-to see if it handles the executable bit correctly
-and this variable is automatically set as necessary.
-+
-A repository, however, may be on a filesystem that handles
-the filemode correctly, and this variable is set to 'true'
-when created, but later may be made accessible from another
-environment that loses the filemode (e.g. exporting ext4 via
-CIFS mount, visiting a Cygwin created repository with
-Git for Windows or Eclipse).
-In such a case it may be necessary to set this variable to 'false'.
-See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
-+
-The default is true (when core.filemode is not specified in the config file).
+include::config/add.txt[]
 
-core.hideDotFiles::
-	(Windows-only) If true, mark newly-created directories and files whose
-	name starts with a dot as hidden.  If 'dotGitOnly', only the `.git/`
-	directory is hidden, but no other files starting with a dot.  The
-	default mode is 'dotGitOnly'.
+include::config/alias.txt[]
 
-core.ignoreCase::
-	Internal variable which enables various workarounds to enable
-	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
-	like APFS, HFS+, FAT, NTFS, etc. For example, if a directory listing
-	finds "makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
-	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
-	"Makefile".
-+
-The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.ignoreCase true if appropriate when the repository
-is created.
-+
-Git relies on the proper configuration of this variable for your operating
-and file system. Modifying this value may result in unexpected behavior.
+include::config/am.txt[]
 
-core.precomposeUnicode::
-	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
-	When core.precomposeUnicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
-	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
-	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
-	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
-	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
-	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
+include::config/apply.txt[]
 
-core.protectHFS::
-	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
-	be considered equivalent to `.git` on an HFS+ filesystem.
-	Defaults to `true` on Mac OS, and `false` elsewhere.
+include::config/blame.txt[]
 
-core.protectNTFS::
-	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
-	cause problems with the NTFS filesystem, e.g. conflict with
-	8.3 "short" names.
-	Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere.
+include::config/branch.txt[]
 
-core.fsmonitor::
-	If set, the value of this variable is used as a command which
-	will identify all files that may have changed since the
-	requested date/time. This information is used to speed up git by
-	avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed.
-	See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
+include::config/browser.txt[]
 
-core.trustctime::
-	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
-	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
-	is regularly modified by something outside Git (file system
-	crawlers and some backup systems).
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
+include::config/checkout.txt[]
 
-core.splitIndex::
-	If true, the split-index feature of the index will be used.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. False by default.
+include::config/clean.txt[]
 
-core.untrackedCache::
-	Determines what to do about the untracked cache feature of the
-	index. It will be kept, if this variable is unset or set to
-	`keep`. It will automatically be added if set to `true`. And
-	it will automatically be removed, if set to `false`. Before
-	setting it to `true`, you should check that mtime is working
-	properly on your system.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default.
+include::config/color.txt[]
 
-core.checkStat::
-	When missing or is set to `default`, many fields in the stat
-	structure are checked to detect if a file has been modified
-	since Git looked at it.  When this configuration variable is
-	set to `minimal`, sub-second part of mtime and ctime, the
-	uid and gid of the owner of the file, the inode number (and
-	the device number, if Git was compiled to use it), are
-	excluded from the check among these fields, leaving only the
-	whole-second part of mtime (and ctime, if `core.trustCtime`
-	is set) and the filesize to be checked.
-+
-There are implementations of Git that do not leave usable values in
-some fields (e.g. JGit); by excluding these fields from the
-comparison, the `minimal` mode may help interoperability when the
-same repository is used by these other systems at the same time.
+include::config/column.txt[]
 
-core.quotePath::
-	Commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files', 'diff'), will
-	quote "unusual" characters in the pathname by enclosing the
-	pathname in double-quotes and escaping those characters with
-	backslashes in the same way C escapes control characters (e.g.
-	`\t` for TAB, `\n` for LF, `\\` for backslash) or bytes with
-	values larger than 0x80 (e.g. octal `\302\265` for "micro" in
-	UTF-8).  If this variable is set to false, bytes higher than
-	0x80 are not considered "unusual" any more. Double-quotes,
-	backslash and control characters are always escaped regardless
-	of the setting of this variable.  A simple space character is
-	not considered "unusual".  Many commands can output pathnames
-	completely verbatim using the `-z` option. The default value
-	is true.
+include::config/commit.txt[]
 
-core.eol::
-	Sets the line ending type to use in the working directory for
-	files that have the `text` property set when core.autocrlf is false.
-	Alternatives are 'lf', 'crlf' and 'native', which uses the platform's
-	native line ending.  The default value is `native`.  See
-	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for more information on end-of-line
-	conversion.
+include::config/credential.txt[]
 
-core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
-	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
-	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
-	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
-	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
-	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
-	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
-+
-CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
-CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
-files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
-such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
-But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
-conversion can corrupt data.
-+
-If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
-setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
-after committing you still have the original file in your work
-tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
-appropriately.
-+
-Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
-mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
-files cannot be distinguished.  In both cases CRLFs are removed
-in an irreversible way.  For text files this is the right thing
-to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
-converting CRLFs corrupts data.
-+
-Note, this safety check does not mean that a checkout will generate a
-file identical to the original file for a different setting of
-`core.eol` and `core.autocrlf`, but only for the current one.  For
-example, a text file with `LF` would be accepted with `core.eol=lf`
-and could later be checked out with `core.eol=crlf`, in which case the
-resulting file would contain `CRLF`, although the original file
-contained `LF`.  However, in both work trees the line endings would be
-consistent, that is either all `LF` or all `CRLF`, but never mixed.  A
-file with mixed line endings would be reported by the `core.safecrlf`
-mechanism.
+include::config/completion.txt[]
 
-core.autocrlf::
-	Setting this variable to "true" is the same as setting
-	the `text` attribute to "auto" on all files and core.eol to "crlf".
-	Set to true if you want to have `CRLF` line endings in your
-	working directory and the repository has LF line endings.
-	This variable can be set to 'input',
-	in which case no output conversion is performed.
+include::config/diff.txt[]
 
-core.checkRoundtripEncoding::
-	A comma and/or whitespace separated list of encodings that Git
-	performs UTF-8 round trip checks on if they are used in an
-	`working-tree-encoding` attribute (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
-	The default value is `SHIFT-JIS`.
+include::config/difftool.txt[]
 
-core.symlinks::
-	If false, symbolic links are checked out as small plain files that
-	contain the link text. linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
-	linkgit:git-add[1] will not change the recorded type to regular
-	file. Useful on filesystems like FAT that do not support
-	symbolic links.
-+
-The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.symlinks false if appropriate when the repository
-is created.
+include::config/fastimport.txt[]
 
-core.gitProxy::
-	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
-	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
-	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
-	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
-	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
-	the first match wins.
-+
-Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_COMMAND` environment variable
-(which always applies universally, without the special "for"
-handling).
-+
-The special string `none` can be used as the proxy command to
-specify that no proxy be used for a given domain pattern.
-This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from
-proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains.
+include::config/fetch.txt[]
 
-core.sshCommand::
-	If this variable is set, `git fetch` and `git push` will
-	use the specified command instead of `ssh` when they need to
-	connect to a remote system. The command is in the same form as
-	the `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` environment variable and is overridden
-	when the environment variable is set.
+include::config/format.txt[]
 
-core.ignoreStat::
-	If true, Git will avoid using lstat() calls to detect if files have
-	changed by setting the "assume-unchanged" bit for those tracked files
-	which it has updated identically in both the index and working tree.
-+
-When files are modified outside of Git, the user will need to stage
-the modified files explicitly (e.g. see 'Examples' section in
-linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
-Git will not normally detect changes to those files.
-+
-This is useful on systems where lstat() calls are very slow, such as
-CIFS/Microsoft Windows.
-+
-False by default.
+include::config/filter.txt[]
 
-core.preferSymlinkRefs::
-	Instead of the default "symref" format for HEAD
-	and other symbolic reference files, use symbolic links.
-	This is sometimes needed to work with old scripts that
-	expect HEAD to be a symbolic link.
+include::config/fsck.txt[]
 
-core.alternateRefsCommand::
-	When advertising tips of available history from an alternate, use the shell to
-	execute the specified command instead of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]. The
-	first argument is the absolute path of the alternate. Output must contain one
-	hex object id per line (i.e., the same as produced by `git for-each-ref
-	--format='%(objectname)'`).
-+
-Note that you cannot generally put `git for-each-ref` directly into the config
-value, as it does not take a repository path as an argument (but you can wrap
-the command above in a shell script).
+include::config/gc.txt[]
 
-core.alternateRefsPrefixes::
-	When listing references from an alternate, list only references that begin
-	with the given prefix. Prefixes match as if they were given as arguments to
-	linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]. To list multiple prefixes, separate them with
-	whitespace. If `core.alternateRefsCommand` is set, setting
-	`core.alternateRefsPrefixes` has no effect.
+include::config/gitcvs.txt[]
 
-core.bare::
-	If true this repository is assumed to be 'bare' and has no
-	working directory associated with it.  If this is the case a
-	number of commands that require a working directory will be
-	disabled, such as linkgit:git-add[1] or linkgit:git-merge[1].
-+
-This setting is automatically guessed by linkgit:git-clone[1] or
-linkgit:git-init[1] when the repository was created.  By default a
-repository that ends in "/.git" is assumed to be not bare (bare =
-false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
-= true).
+include::config/gitweb.txt[]
 
-core.worktree::
-	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
-	If `GIT_COMMON_DIR` environment variable is set, core.worktree
-	is ignored and not used for determining the root of working tree.
-	This can be overridden by the `GIT_WORK_TREE` environment
-	variable and the `--work-tree` command-line option.
-	The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to
-	the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir
-	or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered.
-	If --git-dir or GIT_DIR is specified but none of
-	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
-	the current working directory is regarded as the top level
-	of your working tree.
-+
-Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
-file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
-from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
-core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
-still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
-confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
-read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
-repository's usual working tree).
+include::config/grep.txt[]
 
-core.logAllRefUpdates::
-	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
-	"`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`", by appending the new and old
-	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
-	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
-	variable is set to `true`, missing "`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`"
-	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
-	`refs/heads/`), remote refs (i.e. under `refs/remotes/`),
-	note refs (i.e. under `refs/notes/`), and the symbolic ref `HEAD`.
-	If it is set to `always`, then a missing reflog is automatically
-	created for any ref under `refs/`.
-+
-This information can be used to determine what commit
-was the tip of a branch "2 days ago".
-+
-This value is true by default in a repository that has
-a working directory associated with it, and false by
-default in a bare repository.
+include::config/gpg.txt[]
 
-core.repositoryFormatVersion::
-	Internal variable identifying the repository format and layout
-	version.
+include::config/gui.txt[]
 
-core.sharedRepository::
-	When 'group' (or 'true'), the repository is made shareable between
-	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
-	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
-	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
-	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
-	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
-	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
-	requested parts of the user's umask value). Examples: '0660' will make
-	the repo read/write-able for the owner and group, but inaccessible to
-	others (equivalent to 'group' unless umask is e.g. '0022'). '0640' is a
-	repository that is group-readable but not group-writable.
-	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
+include::config/guitool.txt[]
 
-core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
+include::config/help.txt[]
 
-core.compression::
-	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
-	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
-	and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being slowest.
-	If set, this provides a default to other compression variables,
-	such as `core.looseCompression` and `pack.compression`.
+include::config/http.txt[]
 
-core.looseCompression::
-	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects that
-	are not in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
-	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
-	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
-	not set,  defaults to 1 (best speed).
+include::config/i18n.txt[]
 
-core.packedGitWindowSize::
-	Number of bytes of a pack file to map into memory in a
-	single mapping operation.  Larger window sizes may allow
-	your system to process a smaller number of large pack files
-	more quickly.  Smaller window sizes will negatively affect
-	performance due to increased calls to the operating system's
-	memory manager, but may improve performance when accessing
-	a large number of large pack files.
-+
-Default is 1 MiB if NO_MMAP was set at compile time, otherwise 32
-MiB on 32 bit platforms and 1 GiB on 64 bit platforms.  This should
-be reasonable for all users/operating systems.  You probably do
-not need to adjust this value.
-+
-Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+include::config/imap.txt[]
 
-core.packedGitLimit::
-	Maximum number of bytes to map simultaneously into memory
-	from pack files.  If Git needs to access more than this many
-	bytes at once to complete an operation it will unmap existing
-	regions to reclaim virtual address space within the process.
-+
-Default is 256 MiB on 32 bit platforms and 32 TiB (effectively
-unlimited) on 64 bit platforms.
-This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on
-the largest projects.  You probably do not need to adjust this value.
-+
-Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+include::config/index.txt[]
 
-core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
-	Maximum number of bytes to reserve for caching base objects
-	that may be referenced by multiple deltified objects.  By storing the
-	entire decompressed base objects in a cache Git is able
-	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
-	objects multiple times.
-+
-Default is 96 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
-for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects.
-You probably do not need to adjust this value.
-+
-Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+include::config/init.txt[]
 
-core.bigFileThreshold::
-	Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without
-	attempting delta compression.  Storing large files without
-	delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the
-	slight expense of increased disk usage. Additionally files
-	larger than this size are always treated as binary.
-+
-Default is 512 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
-for most projects as source code and other text files can still
-be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be.
-+
-Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+include::config/instaweb.txt[]
 
-core.excludesFile::
-	Specifies the pathname to the file that contains patterns to
-	describe paths that are not meant to be tracked, in addition
-	to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and '.git/info/exclude'.
-	Defaults to `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore`.
-	If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/ignore`
-	is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+include::config/interactive.txt[]
 
-core.askPass::
-	Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively
-	ask for a password can be told to use an external program given
-	via the value of this variable. Can be overridden by the `GIT_ASKPASS`
-	environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the
-	`SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable or, failing that, a simple password
-	prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as
-	command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
+include::config/log.txt[]
 
-core.attributesFile::
-	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
-	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
-	way as for `core.excludesFile`. Its default value is
-	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes`. If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not
-	set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/attributes` is used instead.
+include::config/mailinfo.txt[]
 
-core.hooksPath::
-	By default Git will look for your hooks in the
-	'$GIT_DIR/hooks' directory. Set this to different path,
-	e.g. '/etc/git/hooks', and Git will try to find your hooks in
-	that directory, e.g. '/etc/git/hooks/pre-receive' instead of
-	in '$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive'.
-+
-The path can be either absolute or relative. A relative path is
-taken as relative to the directory where the hooks are run (see
-the "DESCRIPTION" section of linkgit:githooks[5]).
-+
-This configuration variable is useful in cases where you'd like to
-centrally configure your Git hooks instead of configuring them on a
-per-repository basis, or as a more flexible and centralized
-alternative to having an `init.templateDir` where you've changed
-default hooks.
+include::config/mailmap.txt[]
 
-core.editor::
-	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that let you edit
-	messages by launching an editor use the value of this
-	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
-	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
+include::config/man.txt[]
 
-core.commentChar::
-	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that let you edit
-	messages consider a line that begins with this character
-	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
-	(default '#').
-+
-If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not
-the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages.
+include::config/merge.txt[]
 
-core.filesRefLockTimeout::
-	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
-	lock an individual reference. Value 0 means not to retry at
-	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 100 (i.e.,
-	retry for 100ms).
+include::config/mergetool.txt[]
 
-core.packedRefsTimeout::
-	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
-	lock the `packed-refs` file. Value 0 means not to retry at
-	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 1000 (i.e.,
-	retry for 1 second).
+include::config/notes.txt[]
 
-core.pager::
-	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
-	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
-	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
-	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
-	compile time (usually 'less').
-+
-When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX`
-(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
-all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
-for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`.  This will
-be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
-command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the
-`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate
-long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will
-deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the
-command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of
-`less`.  One can specifically activate some flags for particular
-commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables
-line truncation only for `git blame`.
-+
-Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it
-to `-c`.  You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with
-another value or setting `core.pager` to `lv +c`.
+include::config/pack.txt[]
 
-core.whitespace::
-	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
-	notice.  'git diff' will use `color.diff.whitespace` to
-	highlight them, and 'git apply --whitespace=error' will
-	consider them as errors.  You can prefix `-` to disable
-	any of them (e.g. `-trailing-space`):
-+
-* `blank-at-eol` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line
-  as an error (enabled by default).
-* `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
-  before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
-  error (enabled by default).
-* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space
-  characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by
-  default).
-* `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of
-  the line as an error (not enabled by default).
-* `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
-  (enabled by default).
-* `trailing-space` is a short-hand to cover both `blank-at-eol` and
-  `blank-at-eof`.
-* `cr-at-eol` treats a carriage-return at the end of line as
-  part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space`
-  does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
-  is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
-* `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
-  errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
+include::config/pager.txt[]
 
-core.fsyncObjectFiles::
-	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
-+
-This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
-data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
-journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
-and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
+include::config/pretty.txt[]
 
-core.preloadIndex::
-	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'
-+
-This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
-on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  When enabled, Git will do the
-index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
-overlapping IO's.  Defaults to true.
+include::config/protocol.txt[]
 
-core.createObject::
-	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
-	a delete of the source are used to make sure that object creation
-	will not overwrite existing objects.
-+
-On some file system/operating system combinations, this is unreliable.
-Set this config setting to 'rename' there; However, This will remove the
-check that makes sure that existing object files will not get overwritten.
+include::config/pull.txt[]
 
-core.notesRef::
-	When showing commit messages, also show notes which are stored in
-	the given ref.  The ref must be fully qualified.  If the given
-	ref does not exist, it is not an error but means that no
-	notes should be printed.
-+
-This setting defaults to "refs/notes/commits", and it can be overridden by
-the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.  See linkgit:git-notes[1].
+include::config/push.txt[]
 
-core.commitGraph::
-	If true, then git will read the commit-graph file (if it exists)
-	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to false. See
-	linkgit:git-commit-graph[1] for more information.
+include::config/rebase.txt[]
 
-core.useReplaceRefs::
-	If set to `false`, behave as if the `--no-replace-objects`
-	option was given on the command line. See linkgit:git[1] and
-	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
+include::config/receive.txt[]
 
-core.multiPackIndex::
-	Use the multi-pack-index file to track multiple packfiles using a
-	single index. See link:technical/multi-pack-index.html[the
-	multi-pack-index design document].
+include::config/remote.txt[]
 
-core.sparseCheckout::
-	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
-	linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information.
+include::config/remotes.txt[]
 
-core.abbrev::
-	Set the length object names are abbreviated to.  If
-	unspecified or set to "auto", an appropriate value is
-	computed based on the approximate number of packed objects
-	in your repository, which hopefully is enough for
-	abbreviated object names to stay unique for some time.
-	The minimum length is 4.
+include::config/repack.txt[]
 
-add.ignoreErrors::
-add.ignore-errors (deprecated)::
-	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
-	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the `--ignore-errors`
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  `add.ignore-errors` is deprecated,
-	as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
-	variables.
+include::config/rerere.txt[]
 
-alias.*::
-	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
-	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
-	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
-	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
-	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
-	A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
-+
-If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
-it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
-"alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD", the invocation
-"git new" is equivalent to running the shell command
-"gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD".  Note that shell commands will be
-executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
-not necessarily be the current directory.
-`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running 'git rev-parse --show-prefix'
-from the original current directory. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+include::config/reset.txt[]
 
-am.keepcr::
-	If true, git-am will call git-mailsplit for patches in mbox format
-	with parameter `--keep-cr`. In this case git-mailsplit will
-	not remove `\r` from lines ending with `\r\n`. Can be overridden
-	by giving `--no-keep-cr` from the command line.
-	See linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-mailsplit[1].
+include::config/sendemail.txt[]
 
-am.threeWay::
-	By default, `git am` will fail if the patch does not apply cleanly. When
-	set to true, this setting tells `git am` to fall back on 3-way merge if
-	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to and
-	we have those blobs available locally (equivalent to giving the `--3way`
-	option from the command line). Defaults to `false`.
-	See linkgit:git-am[1].
+include::config/sequencer.txt[]
 
-apply.ignoreWhitespace::
-	When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
-	whitespace, in the same way as the `--ignore-space-change`
-	option.
-	When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git apply' to
-	respect all whitespace differences.
-	See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+include::config/showbranch.txt[]
 
-apply.whitespace::
-	Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
-	as the `--whitespace` option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+include::config/splitindex.txt[]
 
-blame.blankBoundary::
-	Show blank commit object name for boundary commits in
-	linkgit:git-blame[1]. This option defaults to false.
+include::config/ssh.txt[]
 
-blame.coloring::
-	This determines the coloring scheme to be applied to blame
-	output. It can be 'repeatedLines', 'highlightRecent',
-	or 'none' which is the default.
+include::config/status.txt[]
 
-blame.date::
-	Specifies the format used to output dates in linkgit:git-blame[1].
-	If unset the iso format is used. For supported values,
-	see the discussion of the `--date` option at linkgit:git-log[1].
+include::config/stash.txt[]
 
-blame.showEmail::
-	Show the author email instead of author name in linkgit:git-blame[1].
-	This option defaults to false.
+include::config/submodule.txt[]
 
-blame.showRoot::
-	Do not treat root commits as boundaries in linkgit:git-blame[1].
-	This option defaults to false.
+include::config/tag.txt[]
 
-branch.autoSetupMerge::
-	Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
-	so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
-	starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
-	this behavior can be chosen per-branch using the `--track`
-	and `--no-track` options. The valid settings are: `false` -- no
-	automatic setup is done; `true` -- automatic setup is done when the
-	starting point is a remote-tracking branch; `always` --
-	automatic setup is done when the starting point is either a
-	local branch or remote-tracking
-	branch. This option defaults to true.
+include::config/transfer.txt[]
 
-branch.autoSetupRebase::
-	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
-	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
-	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
-	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
-	other local branches.
-	When `remote`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
-	remote-tracking branches.
-	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
-	branches.
-	See "branch.autoSetupMerge" for details on how to set up a
-	branch to track another branch.
-	This option defaults to never.
+include::config/uploadarchive.txt[]
 
-branch.sort::
-	This variable controls the sort ordering of branches when displayed by
-	linkgit:git-branch[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
-	value of this variable will be used as the default.
-	See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1] field names for valid values.
+include::config/uploadpack.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.remote::
-	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
-	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
-	may be overridden with `remote.pushDefault` (for all branches).
-	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
-	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushRemote`.  If no remote is
-	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
-	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushDefault` for pushing.
-	Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository
-	(a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below.
+include::config/url.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.pushRemote::
-	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
-	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushDefault` for pushing
-	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
-	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
-	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushDefault` to
-	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
-	option to override it for a specific branch.
+include::config/user.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.merge::
-	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
-	for the given branch. It tells 'git fetch'/'git pull'/'git rebase' which
-	branch to merge and can also affect 'git push' (see push.default).
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' the default
-	refspec to be marked for merging in FETCH_HEAD. The value is
-	handled like the remote part of a refspec, and must match a
-	ref which is fetched from the remote given by
-	"branch.<name>.remote".
-	The merge information is used by 'git pull' (which at first calls
-	'git fetch') to lookup the default branch for merging. Without
-	this option, 'git pull' defaults to merge the first refspec fetched.
-	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
-	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
-	another branch in the local repository, you can point
-	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path
-	setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+include::config/versionsort.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
-	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
-	supported options are the same as those of linkgit:git-merge[1], but
-	option values containing whitespace characters are currently not
-	supported.
+include::config/web.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.rebase::
-	When true, rebase the branch <name> on top of the fetched branch,
-	instead of merging the default branch from the default remote when
-	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
-	branch-specific manner.
-+
-When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
-so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
-linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
-+
-When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
-so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
-by running 'git pull'.
-+
-When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
-+
-*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
-it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
-for details).
-
-branch.<name>.description::
-	Branch description, can be edited with
-	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
-	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
-	request-pull summary.
-
-browser.<tool>.cmd::
-	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
-	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
-	as arguments. (See linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1].)
-
-browser.<tool>.path::
-	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
-	browse HTML help (see `-w` option in linkgit:git-help[1]) or a
-	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
-
-checkout.defaultRemote::
-	When you run 'git checkout <something>' and only have one
-	remote, it may implicitly fall back on checking out and
-	tracking e.g. 'origin/<something>'. This stops working as soon
-	as you have more than one remote with a '<something>'
-	reference. This setting allows for setting the name of a
-	preferred remote that should always win when it comes to
-	disambiguation. The typical use-case is to set this to
-	`origin`.
-+
-Currently this is used by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when 'git checkout
-<something>' will checkout the '<something>' branch on another remote,
-and by linkgit:git-worktree[1] when 'git worktree add' refers to a
-remote branch. This setting might be used for other checkout-like
-commands or functionality in the future.
-
-checkout.optimizeNewBranch::
-	Optimizes the performance of "git checkout -b <new_branch>" when
-	using sparse-checkout.  When set to true, git will not update the
-	repo based on the current sparse-checkout settings.  This means it
-	will not update the skip-worktree bit in the index nor add/remove
-	files in the working directory to reflect the current sparse checkout
-	settings nor will it show the local changes.
-
-clean.requireForce::
-	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
-	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
-
-color.advice::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color in hints (e.g. when a push
-	failed, see `advice.*` for a list).  May be set to `always`,
-	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors
-	are used only when the error output goes to a terminal. If
-	unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.advice.hint::
-	Use customized color for hints.
-
-color.blame.highlightRecent::
-	This can be used to color the metadata of a blame line depending
-	on age of the line.
-+
-This setting should be set to a comma-separated list of color and date settings,
-starting and ending with a color, the dates should be set from oldest to newest.
-The metadata will be colored given the colors if the the line was introduced
-before the given timestamp, overwriting older timestamped colors.
-+
-Instead of an absolute timestamp relative timestamps work as well, e.g.
-2.weeks.ago is valid to address anything older than 2 weeks.
-+
-It defaults to 'blue,12 month ago,white,1 month ago,red', which colors
-everything older than one year blue, recent changes between one month and
-one year old are kept white, and lines introduced within the last month are
-colored red.
-
-color.blame.repeatedLines::
-	Use the customized color for the part of git-blame output that
-	is repeated meta information per line (such as commit id,
-	author name, date and timezone). Defaults to cyan.
-
-color.branch::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
-	linkgit:git-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
-	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
-	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
-	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.branch.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
-	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
-	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
-	refs).
-
-color.diff::
-	Whether to use ANSI escape sequences to add color to patches.
-	If this is set to `always`, linkgit:git-diff[1],
-	linkgit:git-log[1], and linkgit:git-show[1] will use color
-	for all patches.  If it is set to `true` or `auto`, those
-	commands will only use color when output is to the terminal.
-	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by
-	default).
-+
-This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or the
-'git-diff-{asterisk}' plumbing commands.  Can be overridden on the
-command line with the `--color[=<when>]` option.
-
-color.diff.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for diff colorization.  `<slot>` specifies
-	which part of the patch to use the specified color, and is one
-	of `context` (context text - `plain` is a historical synonym),
-	`meta` (metainformation), `frag`
-	(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
-	`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), `whitespace`
-	(highlighting whitespace errors), `oldMoved` (deleted lines),
-	`newMoved` (added lines), `oldMovedDimmed`, `oldMovedAlternative`,
-	`oldMovedAlternativeDimmed`, `newMovedDimmed`, `newMovedAlternative`
-	`newMovedAlternativeDimmed` (See the '<mode>'
-	setting of '--color-moved' in linkgit:git-diff[1] for details),
-	`contextDimmed`, `oldDimmed`, `newDimmed`, `contextBold`,
-	`oldBold`, and `newBold` (see linkgit:git-range-diff[1] for details).
-
-color.decorate.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git log --decorate' output.  `<slot>` is one
-	of `branch`, `remoteBranch`, `tag`, `stash` or `HEAD` for local
-	branches, remote-tracking branches, tags, stash and HEAD, respectively
-	and `grafted` for grafted commits.
-
-color.grep::
-	When set to `always`, always highlight matches.  When `false` (or
-	`never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use color only
-	when the output is written to the terminal.  If unset, then the
-	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.grep.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for grep colorization.  `<slot>` specifies which
-	part of the line to use the specified color, and is one of
-+
---
-`context`;;
-	non-matching text in context lines (when using `-A`, `-B`, or `-C`)
-`filename`;;
-	filename prefix (when not using `-h`)
-`function`;;
-	function name lines (when using `-p`)
-`lineNumber`;;
-	line number prefix (when using `-n`)
-`column`;;
-	column number prefix (when using `--column`)
-`match`;;
-	matching text (same as setting `matchContext` and `matchSelected`)
-`matchContext`;;
-	matching text in context lines
-`matchSelected`;;
-	matching text in selected lines
-`selected`;;
-	non-matching text in selected lines
-`separator`;;
-	separators between fields on a line (`:`, `-`, and `=`)
-	and between hunks (`--`)
---
-
-color.interactive::
-	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
-	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
-	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
-	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
-	to the terminal. If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is
-	used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.interactive.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
-	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
-	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
-	interactive commands.
-
-color.pager::
-	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
-	use (default is true).
-
-color.push::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color in push errors. May be set to
-	`always`, `false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which
-	case colors are used only when the error output goes to a terminal.
-	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.push.error::
-	Use customized color for push errors.
-
-color.remote::
-	If set, keywords at the start of the line are highlighted. The
-	keywords are "error", "warning", "hint" and "success", and are
-	matched case-insensitively. May be set to `always`, `false` (or
-	`never`) or `auto` (or `true`). If unset, then the value of
-	`color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.remote.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for each remote keyword. `<slot>` may be
-	`hint`, `warning`, `success` or `error` which match the
-	corresponding keyword.
-
-color.showBranch::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
-	linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
-	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
-	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
-	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.status::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
-	linkgit:git-status[1]. May be set to `always`,
-	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
-	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
-	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.status.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for status colorization. `<slot>` is
-	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
-	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
-	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
-	`branch` (the current branch),
-	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
-	to red),
-	`localBranch` or `remoteBranch` (the local and remote branch names,
-	respectively, when branch and tracking information is displayed in the
-	status short-format), or
-	`unmerged` (files which have unmerged changes).
-
-color.transport::
-	A boolean to enable/disable color when pushes are rejected. May be
-	set to `always`, `false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which
-	case colors are used only when the error output goes to a terminal.
-	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
-
-color.transport.rejected::
-	Use customized color when a push was rejected.
-
-color.ui::
-	This variable determines the default value for variables such
-	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
-	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
-	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
-	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
-	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
-	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
-	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
-	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
-	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
-
-column.ui::
-	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
-	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
-	or commas:
-+
-These options control when the feature should be enabled
-(defaults to 'never'):
-+
---
-`always`;;
-	always show in columns
-`never`;;
-	never show in columns
-`auto`;;
-	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
---
-+
-These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
-of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
-specified.
-+
---
-`column`;;
-	fill columns before rows
-`row`;;
-	fill rows before columns
-`plain`;;
-	show in one column
---
-+
-Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
-to 'nodense'):
-+
---
-`dense`;;
-	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
-`nodense`;;
-	make equal size columns
---
-
-column.branch::
-	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
-	See `column.ui` for details.
-
-column.clean::
-	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
-	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
-
-column.status::
-	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
-	See `column.ui` for details.
-
-column.tag::
-	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
-	See `column.ui` for details.
-
-commit.cleanup::
-	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
-	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
-	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
-	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
-	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
-	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
-	template yourself, if you do this).
-
-commit.gpgSign::
-
-	A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed.
-	Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can
-	result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be
-	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase
-	several times.
-
-commit.status::
-	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
-	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
-	message.  Defaults to true.
-
-commit.template::
-	Specify the pathname of a file to use as the template for
-	new commit messages.
-
-commit.verbose::
-	A boolean or int to specify the level of verbose with `git commit`.
-	See linkgit:git-commit[1].
-
-credential.helper::
-	Specify an external helper to be called when a username or
-	password credential is needed; the helper may consult external
-	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. Note
-	that multiple helpers may be defined. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
-	for details.
-
-credential.useHttpPath::
-	When acquiring credentials, consider the "path" component of an http
-	or https URL to be important. Defaults to false. See
-	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information.
-
-credential.username::
-	If no username is set for a network authentication, use this username
-	by default. See credential.<context>.* below, and
-	linkgit:gitcredentials[7].
-
-credential.<url>.*::
-	Any of the credential.* options above can be applied selectively to
-	some credentials. For example "credential.https://example.com.username"
-	would set the default username only for https connections to
-	example.com. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for details on how URLs are
-	matched.
-
-credentialCache.ignoreSIGHUP::
-	Tell git-credential-cache--daemon to ignore SIGHUP, instead of quitting.
-
-completion.commands::
-	This is only used by git-completion.bash to add or remove
-	commands from the list of completed commands. Normally only
-	porcelain commands and a few select others are completed. You
-	can add more commands, separated by space, in this
-	variable. Prefixing the command with '-' will remove it from
-	the existing list.
-
-include::diff-config.txt[]
-
-difftool.<tool>.path::
-	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
-	your tool is not in the PATH.
-
-difftool.<tool>.cmd::
-	Specify the command to invoke the specified diff tool.
-	The specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
-	variables available:  'LOCAL' is set to the name of the temporary
-	file containing the contents of the diff pre-image and 'REMOTE'
-	is set to the name of the temporary file containing the contents
-	of the diff post-image.
-
-difftool.prompt::
-	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
-
-fastimport.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects imported by linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
-	is below this limit, then the objects will be unpacked into
-	loose object files.  However if the number of imported objects
-	equals or exceeds this limit then the pack will be stored as a
-	pack.  Storing the pack from a fast-import can make the import
-	operation complete faster, especially on slow filesystems.  If
-	not set, the value of `transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
-
-include::fetch-config.txt[]
-
-include::format-config.txt[]
-
-filter.<driver>.clean::
-	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
-	file to a blob upon checkin.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for
-	details.
-
-filter.<driver>.smudge::
-	The command which is used to convert the content of a blob
-	object to a worktree file upon checkout.  See
-	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
-
-fsck.<msg-id>::
-	During fsck git may find issues with legacy data which
-	wouldn't be generated by current versions of git, and which
-	wouldn't be sent over the wire if `transfer.fsckObjects` was
-	set. This feature is intended to support working with legacy
-	repositories containing such data.
-+
-Setting `fsck.<msg-id>` will be picked up by linkgit:git-fsck[1], but
-to accept pushes of such data set `receive.fsck.<msg-id>` instead, or
-to clone or fetch it set `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>`.
-+
-The rest of the documentation discusses `fsck.*` for brevity, but the
-same applies for the corresponding `receive.fsck.*` and
-`fetch.<msg-id>.*`. variables.
-+
-Unlike variables like `color.ui` and `core.editor` the
-`receive.fsck.<msg-id>` and `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>` variables will not
-fall back on the `fsck.<msg-id>` configuration if they aren't set. To
-uniformly configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances
-all three of them they must all set to the same values.
-+
-When `fsck.<msg-id>` is set, errors can be switched to warnings and
-vice versa by configuring the `fsck.<msg-id>` setting where the
-`<msg-id>` is the fsck message ID and the value is one of `error`,
-`warn` or `ignore`. For convenience, fsck prefixes the error/warning
-with the message ID, e.g. "missingEmail: invalid author/committer line
-- missing email" means that setting `fsck.missingEmail = ignore` will
-hide that issue.
-+
-In general, it is better to enumerate existing objects with problems
-with `fsck.skipList`, instead of listing the kind of breakages these
-problematic objects share to be ignored, as doing the latter will
-allow new instances of the same breakages go unnoticed.
-+
-Setting an unknown `fsck.<msg-id>` value will cause fsck to die, but
-doing the same for `receive.fsck.<msg-id>` and `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>`
-will only cause git to warn.
-
-fsck.skipList::
-	The path to a list of object names (i.e. one unabbreviated SHA-1 per
-	line) that are known to be broken in a non-fatal way and should
-	be ignored. On versions of Git 2.20 and later comments ('#'), empty
-	lines, and any leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Everything
-	but a SHA-1 per line will error out on older versions.
-+
-This feature is useful when an established project should be accepted
-despite early commits containing errors that can be safely ignored
-such as invalid committer email addresses.  Note: corrupt objects
-cannot be skipped with this setting.
-+
-Like `fsck.<msg-id>` this variable has corresponding
-`receive.fsck.skipList` and `fetch.fsck.skipList` variants.
-+
-Unlike variables like `color.ui` and `core.editor` the
-`receive.fsck.skipList` and `fetch.fsck.skipList` variables will not
-fall back on the `fsck.skipList` configuration if they aren't set. To
-uniformly configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances
-all three of them they must all set to the same values.
-+
-Older versions of Git (before 2.20) documented that the object names
-list should be sorted. This was never a requirement, the object names
-could appear in any order, but when reading the list we tracked whether
-the list was sorted for the purposes of an internal binary search
-implementation, which could save itself some work with an already sorted
-list. Unless you had a humongous list there was no reason to go out of
-your way to pre-sort the list. After Git version 2.20 a hash implementation
-is used instead, so there's now no reason to pre-sort the list.
-
-gc.aggressiveDepth::
-	The depth parameter used in the delta compression
-	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
-	to 50.
-
-gc.aggressiveWindow::
-	The window size parameter used in the delta compression
-	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
-	to 250.
-
-gc.auto::
-	When there are approximately more than this many loose
-	objects in the repository, `git gc --auto` will pack them.
-	Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a
-	light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
-	default value is 6700.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
-
-gc.autoPackLimit::
-	When there are more than this many packs that are not
-	marked with `*.keep` file in the repository, `git gc
-	--auto` consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
-	default	value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
-
-gc.autoDetach::
-	Make `git gc --auto` return immediately and run in background
-	if the system supports it. Default is true.
-
-gc.bigPackThreshold::
-	If non-zero, all packs larger than this limit are kept when
-	`git gc` is run. This is very similar to `--keep-base-pack`
-	except that all packs that meet the threshold are kept, not
-	just the base pack. Defaults to zero. Common unit suffixes of
-	'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
-+
-Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit,
-this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack
-will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below
-gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.
-
-gc.writeCommitGraph::
-	If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when
-	linkgit:git-gc[1] is run. When using linkgit:git-gc[1]
-	'--auto' the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is
-	required. Default is false. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
-	for details.
-
-gc.logExpiry::
-	If the file gc.log exists, then `git gc --auto` will print
-	its content and exit with status zero instead of running
-	unless that file is more than 'gc.logExpiry' old.  Default is
-	"1.day".  See `gc.pruneExpire` for more ways to specify its
-	value.
-
-gc.packRefs::
-	Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
-	unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
-	transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
-	'git gc' runs `git pack-refs`. This can be set to `notbare`
-	to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
-	boolean value.  The default is `true`.
-
-gc.pruneExpire::
-	When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
-	Override the grace period with this config variable.  The value
-	"now" may be used to disable this grace period and always prune
-	unreachable objects immediately, or "never" may be used to
-	suppress pruning.  This feature helps prevent corruption when
-	'git gc' runs concurrently with another process writing to the
-	repository; see the "NOTES" section of linkgit:git-gc[1].
-
-gc.worktreePruneExpire::
-	When 'git gc' is run, it calls
-	'git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago'.
-	This config variable can be used to set a different grace
-	period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace
-	period and prune `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` immediately, or "never"
-	may be used to suppress pruning.
-
-gc.reflogExpire::
-gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire::
-	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
-	this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all
-	entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration
-	altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g.
-	"refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to
-	the refs that match the <pattern>.
-
-gc.reflogExpireUnreachable::
-gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable::
-	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
-	this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
-	defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries
-	immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether.
-	With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash")
-	in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that
-	match the <pattern>.
-
-gc.rerereResolved::
-	Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
-	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
-	You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
-	The default is 60 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
-
-gc.rerereUnresolved::
-	Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
-	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
-	You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
-	The default is 15 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
-
-include::gitcvs-config.txt[]
-
-gitweb.category::
-gitweb.description::
-gitweb.owner::
-gitweb.url::
-	See linkgit:gitweb[1] for description.
-
-gitweb.avatar::
-gitweb.blame::
-gitweb.grep::
-gitweb.highlight::
-gitweb.patches::
-gitweb.pickaxe::
-gitweb.remote_heads::
-gitweb.showSizes::
-gitweb.snapshot::
-	See linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] for description.
-
-grep.lineNumber::
-	If set to true, enable `-n` option by default.
-
-grep.column::
-	If set to true, enable the `--column` option by default.
-
-grep.patternType::
-	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
-	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the `--basic-regexp`, `--extended-regexp`,
-	`--fixed-strings`, or `--perl-regexp` option accordingly, while the
-	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
-
-grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable `--extended-regexp` option by default. This
-	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
-	other than 'default'.
-
-grep.threads::
-	Number of grep worker threads to use.
-	See `grep.threads` in linkgit:git-grep[1] for more information.
-
-grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
-	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
-	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
-
-gpg.program::
-	Use this custom program instead of "`gpg`" found on `$PATH` when
-	making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the
-	same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
-	signature, "`gpg --verify $file - <$signature`" is run, and the
-	program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with
-	code 0, and to generate an ASCII-armored detached signature, the
-	standard input of "`gpg -bsau $key`" is fed with the contents to be
-	signed, and the program is expected to send the result to its
-	standard output.
-
-gpg.format::
-	Specifies which key format to use when signing with `--gpg-sign`.
-	Default is "openpgp" and another possible value is "x509".
-
-gpg.<format>.program::
-	Use this to customize the program used for the signing format you
-	chose. (see `gpg.program` and `gpg.format`) `gpg.program` can still
-	be used as a legacy synonym for	`gpg.openpgp.program`. The default
-	value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm".
-
-include::gui-config.txt[]
-
-guitool.<name>.cmd::
-	Specifies the shell command line to execute when the corresponding item
-	of the linkgit:git-gui[1] `Tools` menu is invoked. This option is
-	mandatory for every tool. The command is executed from the root of
-	the working directory, and in the environment it receives the name of
-	the tool as `GIT_GUITOOL`, the name of the currently selected file as
-	'FILENAME', and the name of the current branch as 'CUR_BRANCH' (if
-	the head is detached, 'CUR_BRANCH' is empty).
-
-guitool.<name>.needsFile::
-	Run the tool only if a diff is selected in the GUI. It guarantees
-	that 'FILENAME' is not empty.
-
-guitool.<name>.noConsole::
-	Run the command silently, without creating a window to display its
-	output.
-
-guitool.<name>.noRescan::
-	Don't rescan the working directory for changes after the tool
-	finishes execution.
-
-guitool.<name>.confirm::
-	Show a confirmation dialog before actually running the tool.
-
-guitool.<name>.argPrompt::
-	Request a string argument from the user, and pass it to the tool
-	through the `ARGS` environment variable. Since requesting an
-	argument implies confirmation, the 'confirm' option has no effect
-	if this is enabled. If the option is set to 'true', 'yes', or '1',
-	the dialog uses a built-in generic prompt; otherwise the exact
-	value of the variable is used.
-
-guitool.<name>.revPrompt::
-	Request a single valid revision from the user, and set the
-	`REVISION` environment variable. In other aspects this option
-	is similar to 'argPrompt', and can be used together with it.
-
-guitool.<name>.revUnmerged::
-	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revPrompt' subdialog.
-	This is useful for tools similar to merge or rebase, but not
-	for things like checkout or reset.
-
-guitool.<name>.title::
-	Specifies the title to use for the prompt dialog. The default
-	is the tool name.
-
-guitool.<name>.prompt::
-	Specifies the general prompt string to display at the top of
-	the dialog, before subsections for 'argPrompt' and 'revPrompt'.
-	The default value includes the actual command.
-
-help.browser::
-	Specify the browser that will be used to display help in the
-	'web' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
-
-help.format::
-	Override the default help format used by linkgit:git-help[1].
-	Values 'man', 'info', 'web' and 'html' are supported. 'man' is
-	the default. 'web' and 'html' are the same.
-
-help.autoCorrect::
-	Automatically correct and execute mistyped commands after
-	waiting for the given number of deciseconds (0.1 sec). If more
-	than one command can be deduced from the entered text, nothing
-	will be executed.  If the value of this option is negative,
-	the corrected command will be executed immediately. If the
-	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
-	This is the default.
-
-help.htmlPath::
-	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
-	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
-	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
-	path of your Git installation.
-
-http.proxy::
-	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
-	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see `curl(1)`). In
-	addition to the syntax understood by curl, it is possible to specify a
-	proxy string with a user name but no password, in which case git will
-	attempt to acquire one in the same way it does for other credentials. See
-	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information. The syntax thus is
-	'[protocol://][user[:password]@]proxyhost[:port]'. This can be overridden
-	on a per-remote basis; see remote.<name>.proxy
-
-http.proxyAuthMethod::
-	Set the method with which to authenticate against the HTTP proxy. This
-	only takes effect if the configured proxy string contains a user name part
-	(i.e. is of the form 'user@host' or 'user@host:port'). This can be
-	overridden on a per-remote basis; see `remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod`.
-	Both can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_PROXY_AUTHMETHOD` environment
-	variable.  Possible values are:
-+
---
-* `anyauth` - Automatically pick a suitable authentication method. It is
-  assumed that the proxy answers an unauthenticated request with a 407
-  status code and one or more Proxy-authenticate headers with supported
-  authentication methods. This is the default.
-* `basic` - HTTP Basic authentication
-* `digest` - HTTP Digest authentication; this prevents the password from being
-  transmitted to the proxy in clear text
-* `negotiate` - GSS-Negotiate authentication (compare the --negotiate option
-  of `curl(1)`)
-* `ntlm` - NTLM authentication (compare the --ntlm option of `curl(1)`)
---
-
-http.emptyAuth::
-	Attempt authentication without seeking a username or password.  This
-	can be used to attempt GSS-Negotiate authentication without specifying
-	a username in the URL, as libcurl normally requires a username for
-	authentication.
-
-http.delegation::
-	Control GSSAPI credential delegation. The delegation is disabled
-	by default in libcurl since version 7.21.7. Set parameter to tell
-	the server what it is allowed to delegate when it comes to user
-	credentials. Used with GSS/kerberos. Possible values are:
-+
---
-* `none` - Don't allow any delegation.
-* `policy` - Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the
-  Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
-* `always` - Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
---
-
-
-http.extraHeader::
-	Pass an additional HTTP header when communicating with a server.  If
-	more than one such entry exists, all of them are added as extra
-	headers.  To allow overriding the settings inherited from the system
-	config, an empty value will reset the extra headers to the empty list.
-
-http.cookieFile::
-	The pathname of a file containing previously stored cookie lines,
-	which should be used
-	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
-	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
-	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see `curl(1)`).
-	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookieFile is used only as
-	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
-
-http.saveCookies::
-	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
-	http.cookieFile. Has no effect if http.cookieFile is unset.
-
-http.sslVersion::
-	The SSL version to use when negotiating an SSL connection, if you
-	want to force the default.  The available and default version
-	depend on whether libcurl was built against NSS or OpenSSL and the
-	particular configuration of the crypto library in use. Internally
-	this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_VERSION' option; see the libcurl
-	documentation for more details on the format of this option and
-	for the ssl version supported. Actually the possible values of
-	this option are:
-
-	- sslv2
-	- sslv3
-	- tlsv1
-	- tlsv1.0
-	- tlsv1.1
-	- tlsv1.2
-	- tlsv1.3
-
-+
-Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_VERSION` environment variable.
-To force git to use libcurl's default ssl version and ignore any
-explicit http.sslversion option, set `GIT_SSL_VERSION` to the
-empty string.
-
-http.sslCipherList::
-  A list of SSL ciphers to use when negotiating an SSL connection.
-  The available ciphers depend on whether libcurl was built against
-  NSS or OpenSSL and the particular configuration of the crypto
-  library in use.  Internally this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST'
-  option; see the libcurl documentation for more details on the format
-  of this list.
-+
-Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` environment variable.
-To force git to use libcurl's default cipher list and ignore any
-explicit http.sslCipherList option, set `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` to the
-empty string.
-
-http.sslVerify::
-	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Defaults to true. Can be overridden by the
-	`GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY` environment variable.
-
-http.sslCert::
-	File containing the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CERT` environment
-	variable.
-
-http.sslKey::
-	File containing the SSL private key when fetching or pushing
-	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_KEY` environment
-	variable.
-
-http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
-	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
-	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
-	`GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED` environment variable.
-
-http.sslCAInfo::
-	File containing the certificates to verify the peer with when
-	fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the
-	`GIT_SSL_CAINFO` environment variable.
-
-http.sslCAPath::
-	Path containing files with the CA certificates to verify the peer
-	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
-	by the `GIT_SSL_CAPATH` environment variable.
-
-http.pinnedpubkey::
-	Public key of the https service. It may either be the filename of
-	a PEM or DER encoded public key file or a string starting with
-	'sha256//' followed by the base64 encoded sha256 hash of the
-	public key. See also libcurl 'CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY'. git will
-	exit with an error if this option is set but not supported by
-	cURL.
-
-http.sslTry::
-	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
-	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
-	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
-	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
-	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
-	errors on misconfigured servers.
-
-http.maxRequests::
-	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
-	by the `GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS` environment variable. Default is 5.
-
-http.minSessions::
-	The number of curl sessions (counted across slots) to be kept across
-	requests. They will not be ended with curl_easy_cleanup() until
-	http_cleanup() is invoked. If USE_CURL_MULTI is not defined, this
-	value will be capped at 1. Defaults to 1.
-
-http.postBuffer::
-	Maximum size in bytes of the buffer used by smart HTTP
-	transports when POSTing data to the remote system.
-	For requests larger than this buffer size, HTTP/1.1 and
-	Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used to avoid creating a
-	massive pack file locally.  Default is 1 MiB, which is
-	sufficient for most requests.
-
-http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
-	If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
-	for longer than 'http.lowSpeedTime' seconds, the transfer is aborted.
-	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT` and
-	`GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME` environment variables.
-
-http.noEPSV::
-	A boolean which disables using of EPSV ftp command by curl.
-	This can helpful with some "poor" ftp servers which don't
-	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the `GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV`
-	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
-
-http.userAgent::
-	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
-	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
-	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
-	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
-	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
-	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT` environment variable.
-
-http.followRedirects::
-	Whether git should follow HTTP redirects. If set to `true`, git
-	will transparently follow any redirect issued by a server it
-	encounters. If set to `false`, git will treat all redirects as
-	errors. If set to `initial`, git will follow redirects only for
-	the initial request to a remote, but not for subsequent
-	follow-up HTTP requests. Since git uses the redirected URL as
-	the base for the follow-up requests, this is generally
-	sufficient. The default is `initial`.
-
-http.<url>.*::
-	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some URLs.
-	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
-	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
-+
---
-. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
-  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
-
-. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
-  This field must match between the config key and the URL. It is
-  possible to specify a `*` as part of the host name to match all subdomains
-  at this level. `https://*.example.com/` for example would match
-  `https://foo.example.com/`, but not `https://foo.bar.example.com/`.
-
-. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
-  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
-  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
-  default for the scheme before matching.
-
-. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
-  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
-  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
-  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
-  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
-  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
-  key with just path `foo/`).
-
-. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
-  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
-  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
-  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
-  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
---
-+
-The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
-a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
-if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
-`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
-`https://user@example.com`.
-+
-All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
-if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
-equivalent URLs that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
-Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The URLs that are
-matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
-visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
-
-ssh.variant::
-	By default, Git determines the command line arguments to use
-	based on the basename of the configured SSH command (configured
-	using the environment variable `GIT_SSH` or `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` or
-	the config setting `core.sshCommand`). If the basename is
-	unrecognized, Git will attempt to detect support of OpenSSH
-	options by first invoking the configured SSH command with the
-	`-G` (print configuration) option and will subsequently use
-	OpenSSH options (if that is successful) or no options besides
-	the host and remote command (if it fails).
-+
-The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this detection.
-Valid values are `ssh` (to use OpenSSH options), `plink`, `putty`,
-`tortoiseplink`, `simple` (no options except the host and remote command).
-The default auto-detection can be explicitly requested using the value
-`auto`.  Any other value is treated as `ssh`.  This setting can also be
-overridden via the environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`.
-+
-The current command-line parameters used for each variant are as
-follows:
-+
---
-
-* `ssh` - [-p port] [-4] [-6] [-o option] [username@]host command
-
-* `simple` - [username@]host command
-
-* `plink` or `putty` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] [username@]host command
-
-* `tortoiseplink` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] -batch [username@]host command
-
---
-+
-Except for the `simple` variant, command-line parameters are likely to
-change as git gains new features.
-
-i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
-	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
-	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
-	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
-	porcelains). See e.g. linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]. Defaults to 'utf-8'.
-
-i18n.logOutputEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are converted to when
-	running 'git log' and friends.
-
-imap::
-	The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described
-	in linkgit:git-imap-send[1].
-
-index.threads::
-	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when loading the index.
-	This is meant to reduce index load time on multiprocessor machines.
-	Specifying 0 or 'true' will cause Git to auto-detect the number of
-	CPU's and set the number of threads accordingly. Specifying 1 or
-	'false' will disable multithreading. Defaults to 'true'.
-
-index.version::
-	Specify the version with which new index files should be
-	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
-
-init.templateDir::
-	Specify the directory from which templates will be copied.
-	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
-
-instaweb.browser::
-	Specify the program that will be used to browse your working
-	repository in gitweb. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
-
-instaweb.httpd::
-	The HTTP daemon command-line to start gitweb on your working
-	repository. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
-
-instaweb.local::
-	If true the web server started by linkgit:git-instaweb[1] will
-	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
-
-instaweb.modulePath::
-	The default module path for linkgit:git-instaweb[1] to use
-	instead of /usr/lib/apache2/modules.  Only used if httpd
-	is Apache.
-
-instaweb.port::
-	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
-	linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
-
-interactive.singleKey::
-	In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter
-	input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter).
-	Currently this is used by the `--patch` mode of
-	linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1],
-	linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this
-	setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input
-	is not available; requires the Perl module Term::ReadKey.
-
-interactive.diffFilter::
-	When an interactive command (such as `git add --patch`) shows
-	a colorized diff, git will pipe the diff through the shell
-	command defined by this configuration variable. The command may
-	mark up the diff further for human consumption, provided that it
-	retains a one-to-one correspondence with the lines in the
-	original diff. Defaults to disabled (no filtering).
-
-log.abbrevCommit::
-	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
-	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--abbrev-commit`. You may
-	override this option with `--no-abbrev-commit`.
-
-log.date::
-	Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command.
-	Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s
-	`--date` option.  See linkgit:git-log[1] for details.
-
-log.decorate::
-	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown by the log
-	command. If 'short' is specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/',
-	'refs/tags/' and 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is
-	specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed.
-	If 'auto' is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal,
-	the ref names are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref
-	names are shown. This is the same as the `--decorate` option
-	of the `git log`.
-
-log.follow::
-	If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
-	a single <path> is given.  This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
-	i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
-	on non-linear history.
-
-log.graphColors::
-	A list of colors, separated by commas, that can be used to draw
-	history lines in `git log --graph`.
-
-log.showRoot::
-	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
-	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
-	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
-	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
-
-log.showSignature::
-	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
-	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--show-signature`.
-
-log.mailmap::
-	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
-	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
-
-mailinfo.scissors::
-	If true, makes linkgit:git-mailinfo[1] (and therefore
-	linkgit:git-am[1]) act by default as if the --scissors option
-	was provided on the command-line. When active, this features
-	removes everything from the message body before a scissors
-	line (i.e. consisting mainly of ">8", "8<" and "-").
-
-mailmap.file::
-	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
-	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
-	first, then the mailmap file pointed to by this variable.
-	The location of the mailmap file may be in a repository
-	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
-	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
-
-mailmap.blob::
-	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
-	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
-	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
-	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
-	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
-	defaults to empty.
-
-man.viewer::
-	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
-	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
-
-man.<tool>.cmd::
-	Specify the command to invoke the specified man viewer. The
-	specified command is evaluated in shell with the man page
-	passed as argument. (See linkgit:git-help[1].)
-
-man.<tool>.path::
-	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
-	display help in the 'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
-
-include::merge-config.txt[]
-
-mergetool.<tool>.path::
-	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
-	your tool is not in the PATH.
-
-mergetool.<tool>.cmd::
-	Specify the command to invoke the specified merge tool.  The
-	specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
-	variables available: 'BASE' is the name of a temporary file
-	containing the common base of the files to be merged, if available;
-	'LOCAL' is the name of a temporary file containing the contents of
-	the file on the current branch; 'REMOTE' is the name of a temporary
-	file containing the contents of the file from the branch being
-	merged; 'MERGED' contains the name of the file to which the merge
-	tool should write the results of a successful merge.
-
-mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode::
-	For a custom merge command, specify whether the exit code of
-	the merge command can be used to determine whether the merge was
-	successful.  If this is not set to true then the merge target file
-	timestamp is checked and the merge assumed to have been successful
-	if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to
-	indicate the success of the merge.
-
-mergetool.meld.hasOutput::
-	Older versions of `meld` do not support the `--output` option.
-	Git will attempt to detect whether `meld` supports `--output`
-	by inspecting the output of `meld --help`.  Configuring
-	`mergetool.meld.hasOutput` will make Git skip these checks and
-	use the configured value instead.  Setting `mergetool.meld.hasOutput`
-	to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option,
-	and `false` avoids using `--output`.
-
-mergetool.keepBackup::
-	After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
-	can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension.  If this variable
-	is set to `false` then this file is not preserved.  Defaults to
-	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
-
-mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
-	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
-	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
-	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
-	exited. Defaults to `false`.
-
-mergetool.writeToTemp::
-	Git writes temporary 'BASE', 'LOCAL', and 'REMOTE' versions of
-	conflicting files in the worktree by default.  Git will attempt
-	to use a temporary directory for these files when set `true`.
-	Defaults to `false`.
-
-mergetool.prompt::
-	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
-
-notes.mergeStrategy::
-	Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
-	conflicts.  Must be one of `manual`, `ours`, `theirs`, `union`, or
-	`cat_sort_uniq`.  Defaults to `manual`.  See "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
-	section of linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on each strategy.
-
-notes.<name>.mergeStrategy::
-	Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
-	refs/notes/<name>.  This overrides the more general
-	"notes.mergeStrategy".  See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section in
-	linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on the available strategies.
-
-notes.displayRef::
-	The (fully qualified) refname from which to show notes when
-	showing commit messages.  The value of this variable can be set
-	to a glob, in which case notes from all matching refs will be
-	shown.  You may also specify this configuration variable
-	several times.  A warning will be issued for refs that do not
-	exist, but a glob that does not match any refs is silently
-	ignored.
-+
-This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF`
-environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
-globs.
-+
-The effective value of "core.notesRef" (possibly overridden by
-GIT_NOTES_REF) is also implicitly added to the list of refs to be
-displayed.
-
-notes.rewrite.<command>::
-	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
-	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
-	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
-	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
-
-notes.rewriteMode::
-	When copying notes during a rewrite (see the
-	"notes.rewrite.<command>" option), determines what to do if
-	the target commit already has a note.  Must be one of
-	`overwrite`, `concatenate`, `cat_sort_uniq`, or `ignore`.
-	Defaults to `concatenate`.
-+
-This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE`
-environment variable.
-
-notes.rewriteRef::
-	When copying notes during a rewrite, specifies the (fully
-	qualified) ref whose notes should be copied.  The ref may be a
-	glob, in which case notes in all matching refs will be copied.
-	You may also specify this configuration several times.
-+
-Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to
-enable note rewriting.  Set it to `refs/notes/commits` to enable
-rewriting for the default commit notes.
-+
-This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF`
-environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
-globs.
-
-pack.window::
-	The size of the window used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
-	window size is given on the command line. Defaults to 10.
-
-pack.depth::
-	The maximum delta depth used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
-	maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50.
-	Maximum value is 4095.
-
-pack.windowMemory::
-	The maximum size of memory that is consumed by each thread
-	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] for pack window memory when
-	no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
-	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  When left unconfigured (or
-	set explicitly to 0), there will be no limit.
-
-pack.compression::
-	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects
-	in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
-	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
-	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
-	not set,  defaults to -1, the zlib default, which is "a default
-	compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent
-	to level 6)."
-+
-Note that changing the compression level will not automatically recompress
-all existing objects. You can force recompression by passing the -F option
-to linkgit:git-repack[1].
-
-pack.island::
-	An extended regular expression configuring a set of delta
-	islands. See "DELTA ISLANDS" in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
-	for details.
-
-pack.islandCore::
-	Specify an island name which gets to have its objects be
-	packed first. This creates a kind of pseudo-pack at the front
-	of one pack, so that the objects from the specified island are
-	hopefully faster to copy into any pack that should be served
-	to a user requesting these objects. In practice this means
-	that the island specified should likely correspond to what is
-	the most commonly cloned in the repo. See also "DELTA ISLANDS"
-	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
-
-pack.deltaCacheSize::
-	The maximum memory in bytes used for caching deltas in
-	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] before writing them out to a pack.
-	This cache is used to speed up the writing object phase by not
-	having to recompute the final delta result once the best match
-	for all objects is found.  Repacking large repositories on machines
-	which are tight with memory might be badly impacted by this though,
-	especially if this cache pushes the system into swapping.
-	A value of 0 means no limit. The smallest size of 1 byte may be
-	used to virtually disable this cache. Defaults to 256 MiB.
-
-pack.deltaCacheLimit::
-	The maximum size of a delta, that is cached in
-	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]. This cache is used to speed up the
-	writing object phase by not having to recompute the final delta
-	result once the best match for all objects is found.
-	Defaults to 1000. Maximum value is 65535.
-
-pack.threads::
-	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
-	delta matches.  This requires that linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
-	be compiled with pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a
-	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
-	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
-	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
-	and set the number of threads accordingly.
-
-pack.indexVersion::
-	Specify the default pack index version.  Valid values are 1 for
-	legacy pack index used by Git versions prior to 1.5.2, and 2 for
-	the new pack index with capabilities for packs larger than 4 GB
-	as well as proper protection against the repacking of corrupted
-	packs.  Version 2 is the default.  Note that version 2 is enforced
-	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
-	larger than 2 GB.
-+
-If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
-cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http")
-that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
-other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
-you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
-the `*.idx` file.
-
-pack.packSizeLimit::
-	The maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
-	packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol
-	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size`
-	option of linkgit:git-repack[1].  Reaching this limit results
-	in the creation of multiple packfiles; which in turn prevents
-	bitmaps from being created.
-	The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
-	The default is unlimited.
-	Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are
-	supported.
-
-pack.useBitmaps::
-	When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing
-	to stdout (e.g., during the server side of a fetch). Defaults to
-	true. You should not generally need to turn this off unless
-	you are debugging pack bitmaps.
-
-pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
-	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
-
-pack.writeBitmapHashCache::
-	When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap
-	index (if one is written). This cache can be used to feed git's
-	delta heuristics, potentially leading to better deltas between
-	bitmapped and non-bitmapped objects (e.g., when serving a fetch
-	between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been
-	pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4
-	bytes per object of disk space, and that JGit's bitmap
-	implementation does not understand it, causing it to complain if
-	Git and JGit are used on the same repository. Defaults to false.
-
-pager.<cmd>::
-	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
-	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
-	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
-	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
-	precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for all
-	commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
-
-pretty.<name>::
-	Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in
-	linkgit:git-log[1]. Any aliases defined here can be used just
-	as the built-in pretty formats could. For example,
-	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:* %H %s"`
-	would cause the invocation `git log --pretty=changelog`
-	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:* %H %s"`.
-	Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format
-	will be silently ignored.
-
-protocol.allow::
-	If set, provide a user defined default policy for all protocols which
-	don't explicitly have a policy (`protocol.<name>.allow`).  By default,
-	if unset, known-safe protocols (http, https, git, ssh, file) have a
-	default policy of `always`, known-dangerous protocols (ext) have a
-	default policy of `never`, and all other protocols have a default
-	policy of `user`.  Supported policies:
-+
---
-
-* `always` - protocol is always able to be used.
-
-* `never` - protocol is never able to be used.
-
-* `user` - protocol is only able to be used when `GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER` is
-  either unset or has a value of 1.  This policy should be used when you want a
-  protocol to be directly usable by the user but don't want it used by commands which
-  execute clone/fetch/push commands without user input, e.g. recursive
-  submodule initialization.
-
---
-
-protocol.<name>.allow::
-	Set a policy to be used by protocol `<name>` with clone/fetch/push
-	commands. See `protocol.allow` above for the available policies.
-+
-The protocol names currently used by git are:
-+
---
-  - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
-    or local paths)
-
-  - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
-    connection (or proxy, if configured)
-
-  - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
-    `ssh://`, etc).
-
-  - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
-    Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want to configure
-    both, you must do so individually.
-
-  - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
-    `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
---
-
-protocol.version::
-	Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a
-	server using the specified protocol version.  If unset, no
-	attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a
-	particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0
-	being used.
-	Supported versions:
-+
---
-
-* `0` - the original wire protocol.
-
-* `1` - the original wire protocol with the addition of a version string
-  in the initial response from the server.
-
-* `2` - link:technical/protocol-v2.html[wire protocol version 2].
-
---
-
-include::pull-config.txt[]
-
-include::push-config.txt[]
-
-include::rebase-config.txt[]
-
-include::receive-config.txt[]
-
-remote.pushDefault::
-	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
-	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
-	`branch.<name>.pushRemote` for specific branches.
-
-remote.<name>.url::
-	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
-
-remote.<name>.pushurl::
-	The push URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-push[1].
-
-remote.<name>.proxy::
-	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the URL to
-	the proxy to use for that remote.  Set to the empty string to
-	disable proxying for that remote.
-
-remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod::
-	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the method to use for
-	authenticating against the proxy in use (probably set in
-	`remote.<name>.proxy`). See `http.proxyAuthMethod`.
-
-remote.<name>.fetch::
-	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-fetch[1]. See
-	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
-
-remote.<name>.push::
-	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-push[1]. See
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
-
-remote.<name>.mirror::
-	If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave
-	as if the `--mirror` option was given on the command line.
-
-remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
-	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
-	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
-	linkgit:git-remote[1].
-
-remote.<name>.skipFetchAll::
-	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
-	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
-	linkgit:git-remote[1].
-
-remote.<name>.receivepack::
-	The default program to execute on the remote side when pushing.  See
-	option --receive-pack of linkgit:git-push[1].
-
-remote.<name>.uploadpack::
-	The default program to execute on the remote side when fetching.  See
-	option --upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
-
-remote.<name>.tagOpt::
-	Setting this value to --no-tags disables automatic tag following when
-	fetching from remote <name>. Setting it to --tags will fetch every
-	tag from remote <name>, even if they are not reachable from remote
-	branch heads. Passing these flags directly to linkgit:git-fetch[1] can
-	override this setting. See options --tags and --no-tags of
-	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
-
-remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
-	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
-
-remote.<name>.prune::
-	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
-	remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the
-	remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line).
-	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
-
-remote.<name>.pruneTags::
-	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
-	remove any local tags that no longer exist on the remote if pruning
-	is activated in general via `remote.<name>.prune`, `fetch.prune` or
-	`--prune`. Overrides `fetch.pruneTags` settings, if any.
-+
-See also `remote.<name>.prune` and the PRUNING section of
-linkgit:git-fetch[1].
-
-remotes.<group>::
-	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
-	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
-
-repack.useDeltaBaseOffset::
-	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
-	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
-	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
-	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
-
-repack.packKeptObjects::
-	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if
-	`--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for
-	details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap
-	index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or
-	`repack.writeBitmaps`).
-
-repack.useDeltaIslands::
-	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if `--delta-islands`
-	was passed. Defaults to `false`.
-
-repack.writeBitmaps::
-	When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all
-	objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run).  This
-	index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent
-	packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk
-	space and extra time spent on the initial repack.  This has
-	no effect if multiple packfiles are created.
-	Defaults to false.
-
-rerere.autoUpdate::
-	When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the
-	resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using
-	previously recorded resolution.  Defaults to false.
-
-rerere.enabled::
-	Activate recording of resolved conflicts, so that identical
-	conflict hunks can be resolved automatically, should they be
-	encountered again.  By default, linkgit:git-rerere[1] is
-	enabled if there is an `rr-cache` directory under the
-	`$GIT_DIR`, e.g. if "rerere" was previously used in the
-	repository.
-
-include::sendemail-config.txt[]
-
-sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
-	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
-	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
-	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
-
-showBranch.default::
-	The default set of branches for linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
-	See linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
-
-splitIndex.maxPercentChange::
-	When the split index feature is used, this specifies the
-	percent of entries the split index can contain compared to the
-	total number of entries in both the split index and the shared
-	index before a new shared index is written.
-	The value should be between 0 and 100. If the value is 0 then
-	a new shared index is always written, if it is 100 a new
-	shared index is never written.
-	By default the value is 20, so a new shared index is written
-	if the number of entries in the split index would be greater
-	than 20 percent of the total number of entries.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
-
-splitIndex.sharedIndexExpire::
-	When the split index feature is used, shared index files that
-	were not modified since the time this variable specifies will
-	be removed when a new shared index file is created. The value
-	"now" expires all entries immediately, and "never" suppresses
-	expiration altogether.
-	The default value is "2.weeks.ago".
-	Note that a shared index file is considered modified (for the
-	purpose of expiration) each time a new split-index file is
-	either created based on it or read from it.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
-
-status.relativePaths::
-	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
-	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
-	prior to v1.5.4).
-
-status.short::
-	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
-	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
-
-status.branch::
-	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
-	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
-
-status.displayCommentPrefix::
-	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
-	prefix before each output line (starting with
-	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
-	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
-	Defaults to false.
-
-status.renameLimit::
-	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
-	in linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1]. Defaults to
-	the value of diff.renameLimit.
-
-status.renames::
-	Whether and how Git detects renames in linkgit:git-status[1] and
-	linkgit:git-commit[1] .  If set to "false", rename detection is
-	disabled. If set to "true", basic rename detection is enabled.
-	If set to "copies" or "copy", Git will detect copies, as well.
-	Defaults to the value of diff.renames.
-
-status.showStash::
-	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will display the number of
-	entries currently stashed away.
-	Defaults to false.
-
-status.showUntrackedFiles::
-	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
-	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
-	contain only untracked files, are shown with the directory name
-	only. Showing untracked files means that Git needs to lstat() all
-	the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
-	systems. So, this variable controls how the commands displays
-	the untracked files. Possible values are:
-+
---
-* `no` - Show no untracked files.
-* `normal` - Show untracked files and directories.
-* `all` - Show also individual files in untracked directories.
---
-+
-If this variable is not specified, it defaults to 'normal'.
-This variable can be overridden with the -u|--untracked-files option
-of linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1].
-
-status.submoduleSummary::
-	Defaults to false.
-	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
-	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
-	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
-	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
-	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
-	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
-	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. The only
-	exception to that rule is that status and commit will show staged
-	submodule changes. To
-	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
-	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git
-	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
-	not honor these settings.
-
-stash.showPatch::
-	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
-	option will show the stash entry in patch form.  Defaults to false.
-	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
-
-stash.showStat::
-	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
-	option will show diffstat of the stash entry.  Defaults to true.
-	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
-
-include::submodule-config.txt[]
-
-tag.forceSignAnnotated::
-	A boolean to specify whether annotated tags created should be GPG signed.
-	If `--annotate` is specified on the command line, it takes
-	precedence over this option.
-
-tag.sort::
-	This variable controls the sort ordering of tags when displayed by
-	linkgit:git-tag[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
-	value of this variable will be used as the default.
-
-tar.umask::
-	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
-	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
-	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
-	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) and
-	linkgit:git-archive[1].
-
-transfer.fsckObjects::
-	When `fetch.fsckObjects` or `receive.fsckObjects` are
-	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
-	Defaults to false.
-+
-When set, the fetch or receive will abort in the case of a malformed
-object or a link to a nonexistent object. In addition, various other
-issues are checked for, including legacy issues (see `fsck.<msg-id>`),
-and potential security issues like the existence of a `.GIT` directory
-or a malicious `.gitmodules` file (see the release notes for v2.2.1
-and v2.17.1 for details). Other sanity and security checks may be
-added in future releases.
-+
-On the receiving side, failing fsckObjects will make those objects
-unreachable, see "QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENT" in
-linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. On the fetch side, malformed objects will
-instead be left unreferenced in the repository.
-+
-Due to the non-quarantine nature of the `fetch.fsckObjects`
-implementation it can not be relied upon to leave the object store
-clean like `receive.fsckObjects` can.
-+
-As objects are unpacked they're written to the object store, so there
-can be cases where malicious objects get introduced even though the
-"fetch" failed, only to have a subsequent "fetch" succeed because only
-new incoming objects are checked, not those that have already been
-written to the object store. That difference in behavior should not be
-relied upon. In the future, such objects may be quarantined for
-"fetch" as well.
-+
-For now, the paranoid need to find some way to emulate the quarantine
-environment if they'd like the same protection as "push". E.g. in the
-case of an internal mirror do the mirroring in two steps, one to fetch
-the untrusted objects, and then do a second "push" (which will use the
-quarantine) to another internal repo, and have internal clients
-consume this pushed-to repository, or embargo internal fetches and
-only allow them once a full "fsck" has run (and no new fetches have
-happened in the meantime).
-
-transfer.hideRefs::
-	String(s) `receive-pack` and `upload-pack` use to decide which
-	refs to omit from their initial advertisements.  Use more than
-	one definition to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that is
-	under the hierarchies listed in the value of this variable is
-	excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git push` or `git
-	fetch`.  See `receive.hideRefs` and `uploadpack.hideRefs` for
-	program-specific versions of this config.
-+
-You may also include a `!` in front of the ref name to negate the entry,
-explicitly exposing it, even if an earlier entry marked it as hidden.
-If you have multiple hideRefs values, later entries override earlier ones
-(and entries in more-specific config files override less-specific ones).
-+
-If a namespace is in use, the namespace prefix is stripped from each
-reference before it is matched against `transfer.hiderefs` patterns.
-For example, if `refs/heads/master` is specified in `transfer.hideRefs` and
-the current namespace is `foo`, then `refs/namespaces/foo/refs/heads/master`
-is omitted from the advertisements but `refs/heads/master` and
-`refs/namespaces/bar/refs/heads/master` are still advertised as so-called
-"have" lines. In order to match refs before stripping, add a `^` in front of
-the ref name. If you combine `!` and `^`, `!` must be specified first.
-+
-Even if you hide refs, a client may still be able to steal the target
-objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY" section of the
-linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to keep private data in a
-separate repository.
-
-transfer.unpackLimit::
-	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
-	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
-	The default value is 100.
-
-uploadarchive.allowUnreachable::
-	If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request
-	any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the
-	discussion in the "SECURITY" section of
-	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to
-	`false`.
-
-uploadpack.hideRefs::
-	This variable is the same as `transfer.hideRefs`, but applies
-	only to `upload-pack` (and so affects only fetches, not pushes).
-	An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git fetch` will fail.  See
-	also `uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant`.
-
-uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant::
-	When `uploadpack.hideRefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
-	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
-	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
-	See also `uploadpack.hideRefs`.  Even if this is false, a client
-	may be able to steal objects via the techniques described in the
-	"SECURITY" section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's
-	best to keep private data in a separate repository.
-
-uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant::
-	Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for an
-	object that is reachable from any ref tip. However, note that
-	calculating object reachability is computationally expensive.
-	Defaults to `false`.  Even if this is false, a client may be able
-	to steal objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY"
-	section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to
-	keep private data in a separate repository.
-
-uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant::
-	Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for any
-	object at all.
-	Defaults to `false`.
-
-uploadpack.keepAlive::
-	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
-	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
-	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
-	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
-	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
-	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
-	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
-	`uploadpack.keepAlive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
-	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
-
-uploadpack.packObjectsHook::
-	If this option is set, when `upload-pack` would run
-	`git pack-objects` to create a packfile for a client, it will
-	run this shell command instead.  The `pack-objects` command and
-	arguments it _would_ have run (including the `git pack-objects`
-	at the beginning) are appended to the shell command. The stdin
-	and stdout of the hook are treated as if `pack-objects` itself
-	was run. I.e., `upload-pack` will feed input intended for
-	`pack-objects` to the hook, and expects a completed packfile on
-	stdout.
-+
-Note that this configuration variable is ignored if it is seen in the
-repository-level config (this is a safety measure against fetching from
-untrusted repositories).
-
-uploadpack.allowFilter::
-	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support partial
-	clone and partial fetch object filtering.
-
-uploadpack.allowRefInWant::
-	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support the `ref-in-want`
-	feature of the protocol version 2 `fetch` command.  This feature
-	is intended for the benefit of load-balanced servers which may
-	not have the same view of what OIDs their refs point to due to
-	replication delay.
-
-url.<base>.insteadOf::
-	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
-	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
-	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
-	access methods, and some users need to use different access
-	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
-	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
-	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
-	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
-+
-Note that any protocol restrictions will be applied to the rewritten
-URL. If the rewrite changes the URL to use a custom protocol or remote
-helper, you may need to adjust the `protocol.*.allow` config to permit
-the request.  In particular, protocols you expect to use for submodules
-must be set to `always` rather than the default of `user`. See the
-description of `protocol.allow` above.
-
-url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
-	Any URL that starts with this value will not be pushed to;
-	instead, it will be rewritten to start with <base>, and the
-	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
-	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
-	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
-	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
-	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
-	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
-	setting for that remote.
-
-user.email::
-	Your email address to be recorded in any newly created commits.
-	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`, `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`, and
-	`EMAIL` environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
-
-user.name::
-	Your full name to be recorded in any newly created commits.
-	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME` and `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`
-	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
-
-user.useConfigOnly::
-	Instruct Git to avoid trying to guess defaults for `user.email`
-	and `user.name`, and instead retrieve the values only from the
-	configuration. For example, if you have multiple email addresses
-	and would like to use a different one for each repository, then
-	with this configuration option set to `true` in the global config
-	along with a name, Git will prompt you to set up an email before
-	making new commits in a newly cloned repository.
-	Defaults to `false`.
-
-user.signingKey::
-	If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the
-	key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or
-	commit, you can override the default selection with this variable.
-	This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter,
-	so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports.
-
-versionsort.prereleaseSuffix (deprecated)::
-	Deprecated alias for `versionsort.suffix`.  Ignored if
-	`versionsort.suffix` is set.
-
-versionsort.suffix::
-	Even when version sort is used in linkgit:git-tag[1], tagnames
-	with the same base version but different suffixes are still sorted
-	lexicographically, resulting e.g. in prerelease tags appearing
-	after the main release (e.g. "1.0-rc1" after "1.0").  This
-	variable can be specified to determine the sorting order of tags
-	with different suffixes.
-+
-By specifying a single suffix in this variable, any tagname containing
-that suffix will appear before the corresponding main release.  E.g. if
-the variable is set to "-rc", then all "1.0-rcX" tags will appear before
-"1.0".  If specified multiple times, once per suffix, then the order of
-suffixes in the configuration will determine the sorting order of tagnames
-with those suffixes.  E.g. if "-pre" appears before "-rc" in the
-configuration, then all "1.0-preX" tags will be listed before any
-"1.0-rcX" tags.  The placement of the main release tag relative to tags
-with various suffixes can be determined by specifying the empty suffix
-among those other suffixes.  E.g. if the suffixes "-rc", "", "-ck" and
-"-bfs" appear in the configuration in this order, then all "v4.8-rcX" tags
-are listed first, followed by "v4.8", then "v4.8-ckX" and finally
-"v4.8-bfsX".
-+
-If more than one suffixes match the same tagname, then that tagname will
-be sorted according to the suffix which starts at the earliest position in
-the tagname.  If more than one different matching suffixes start at
-that earliest position, then that tagname will be sorted according to the
-longest of those suffixes.
-The sorting order between different suffixes is undefined if they are
-in multiple config files.
-
-web.browser::
-	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
-	Currently only linkgit:git-instaweb[1] and linkgit:git-help[1]
-	may use it.
-
-worktree.guessRemote::
-	With `add`, if no branch argument, and neither of `-b` nor
-	`-B` nor `--detach` are given, the command defaults to
-	creating a new branch from HEAD.  If `worktree.guessRemote` is
-	set to true, `worktree add` tries to find a remote-tracking
-	branch whose name uniquely matches the new branch name.  If
-	such a branch exists, it is checked out and set as "upstream"
-	for the new branch.  If no such match can be found, it falls
-	back to creating a new branch from the current HEAD.
+include::config/worktree.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/add.txt b/Documentation/config/add.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d753f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/add.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+add.ignoreErrors::
+add.ignore-errors (deprecated)::
+	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
+	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the `--ignore-errors`
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  `add.ignore-errors` is deprecated,
+	as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
+	variables.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/advice.txt b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57fcd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+advice.*::
+	These variables control various optional help messages designed to
+	aid new users. All 'advice.*' variables default to 'true', and you
+	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
++
+--
+	pushUpdateRejected::
+		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
+		'pushNonFFCurrent',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
+	pushNonFFCurrent::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
+		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
+	pushNonFFMatching::
+		Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed
+		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
+		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
+		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
+	statusHints::
+		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
+		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
+		the template shown when writing commit messages in
+		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
+		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
+	commitBeforeMerge::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
+		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
+	resetQuiet::
+		Advice to consider using the `--quiet` option to linkgit:git-reset[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate unstaged
+		changes after reset.
+	resolveConflict::
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
+		prevent the operation from being performed.
+	implicitIdentity::
+		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
+		your information is guessed from the system username and
+		domain name.
+	detachedHead::
+		Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to
+		move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create
+		a local branch after the fact.
+	checkoutAmbiguousRemoteBranchName::
+		Advice shown when the argument to
+		linkgit:git-checkout[1] ambiguously resolves to a
+		remote tracking branch on more than one remote in
+		situations where an unambiguous argument would have
+		otherwise caused a remote-tracking branch to be
+		checked out. See the `checkout.defaultRemote`
+		configuration variable for how to set a given remote
+		to used by default in some situations where this
+		advice would be printed.
+	amWorkDir::
+		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
+		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
+	rmHints::
+		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
+		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
+	addEmbeddedRepo::
+		Advice on what to do when you've accidentally added one
+		git repo inside of another.
+	ignoredHook::
+		Advice shown if a hook is ignored because the hook is not
+		set as executable.
+	waitingForEditor::
+		Print a message to the terminal whenever Git is waiting for
+		editor input from the user.
+--
diff --git a/Documentation/config/alias.txt b/Documentation/config/alias.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b14178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/alias.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+alias.*::
+	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
+	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
+	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
+	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
+	A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
++
+If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
+it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
+"alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD", the invocation
+"git new" is equivalent to running the shell command
+"gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD".  Note that shell commands will be
+executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
+not necessarily be the current directory.
+`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running 'git rev-parse --show-prefix'
+from the original current directory. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/am.txt b/Documentation/config/am.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bcad2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/am.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+am.keepcr::
+	If true, git-am will call git-mailsplit for patches in mbox format
+	with parameter `--keep-cr`. In this case git-mailsplit will
+	not remove `\r` from lines ending with `\r\n`. Can be overridden
+	by giving `--no-keep-cr` from the command line.
+	See linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-mailsplit[1].
+
+am.threeWay::
+	By default, `git am` will fail if the patch does not apply cleanly. When
+	set to true, this setting tells `git am` to fall back on 3-way merge if
+	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to and
+	we have those blobs available locally (equivalent to giving the `--3way`
+	option from the command line). Defaults to `false`.
+	See linkgit:git-am[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/apply.txt b/Documentation/config/apply.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fb8ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/apply.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+apply.ignoreWhitespace::
+	When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
+	whitespace, in the same way as the `--ignore-space-change`
+	option.
+	When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git apply' to
+	respect all whitespace differences.
+	See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+
+apply.whitespace::
+	Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
+	as the `--whitespace` option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/blame.txt b/Documentation/config/blame.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67b5c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/blame.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+blame.blankBoundary::
+	Show blank commit object name for boundary commits in
+	linkgit:git-blame[1]. This option defaults to false.
+
+blame.coloring::
+	This determines the coloring scheme to be applied to blame
+	output. It can be 'repeatedLines', 'highlightRecent',
+	or 'none' which is the default.
+
+blame.date::
+	Specifies the format used to output dates in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+	If unset the iso format is used. For supported values,
+	see the discussion of the `--date` option at linkgit:git-log[1].
+
+blame.showEmail::
+	Show the author email instead of author name in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+	This option defaults to false.
+
+blame.showRoot::
+	Do not treat root commits as boundaries in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+	This option defaults to false.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/branch.txt b/Documentation/config/branch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..019d60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/branch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+branch.autoSetupMerge::
+	Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
+	so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
+	starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
+	this behavior can be chosen per-branch using the `--track`
+	and `--no-track` options. The valid settings are: `false` -- no
+	automatic setup is done; `true` -- automatic setup is done when the
+	starting point is a remote-tracking branch; `always` --
+	automatic setup is done when the starting point is either a
+	local branch or remote-tracking
+	branch. This option defaults to true.
+
+branch.autoSetupRebase::
+	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
+	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
+	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
+	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
+	other local branches.
+	When `remote`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
+	remote-tracking branches.
+	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
+	branches.
+	See "branch.autoSetupMerge" for details on how to set up a
+	branch to track another branch.
+	This option defaults to never.
+
+branch.sort::
+	This variable controls the sort ordering of branches when displayed by
+	linkgit:git-branch[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
+	value of this variable will be used as the default.
+	See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1] field names for valid values.
+
+branch.<name>.remote::
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushDefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushRemote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushDefault` for pushing.
+	Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository
+	(a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below.
+
+branch.<name>.pushRemote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushDefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushDefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
+
+branch.<name>.merge::
+	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
+	for the given branch. It tells 'git fetch'/'git pull'/'git rebase' which
+	branch to merge and can also affect 'git push' (see push.default).
+	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' the default
+	refspec to be marked for merging in FETCH_HEAD. The value is
+	handled like the remote part of a refspec, and must match a
+	ref which is fetched from the remote given by
+	"branch.<name>.remote".
+	The merge information is used by 'git pull' (which at first calls
+	'git fetch') to lookup the default branch for merging. Without
+	this option, 'git pull' defaults to merge the first refspec fetched.
+	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
+	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
+	another branch in the local repository, you can point
+	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path
+	setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+
+branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
+	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
+	supported options are the same as those of linkgit:git-merge[1], but
+	option values containing whitespace characters are currently not
+	supported.
+
+branch.<name>.rebase::
+	When true, rebase the branch <name> on top of the fetched branch,
+	instead of merging the default branch from the default remote when
+	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
+	branch-specific manner.
++
+When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
+so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
+linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
++
+When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+by running 'git pull'.
++
+When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
++
+*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
+it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
+for details).
+
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/browser.txt b/Documentation/config/browser.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..195df20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/browser.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+browser.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
+	as arguments. (See linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1].)
+
+browser.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
+	browse HTML help (see `-w` option in linkgit:git-help[1]) or a
+	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
diff --git a/Documentation/config/checkout.txt b/Documentation/config/checkout.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4118fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/checkout.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+checkout.defaultRemote::
+	When you run 'git checkout <something>' and only have one
+	remote, it may implicitly fall back on checking out and
+	tracking e.g. 'origin/<something>'. This stops working as soon
+	as you have more than one remote with a '<something>'
+	reference. This setting allows for setting the name of a
+	preferred remote that should always win when it comes to
+	disambiguation. The typical use-case is to set this to
+	`origin`.
++
+Currently this is used by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when 'git checkout
+<something>' will checkout the '<something>' branch on another remote,
+and by linkgit:git-worktree[1] when 'git worktree add' refers to a
+remote branch. This setting might be used for other checkout-like
+commands or functionality in the future.
+
+checkout.optimizeNewBranch::
+	Optimizes the performance of "git checkout -b <new_branch>" when
+	using sparse-checkout.  When set to true, git will not update the
+	repo based on the current sparse-checkout settings.  This means it
+	will not update the skip-worktree bit in the index nor add/remove
+	files in the working directory to reflect the current sparse checkout
+	settings nor will it show the local changes.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/clean.txt b/Documentation/config/clean.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a807c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/clean.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+clean.requireForce::
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
+	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/color.txt b/Documentation/config/color.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8375596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/color.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+color.advice::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in hints (e.g. when a push
+	failed, see `advice.*` for a list).  May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors
+	are used only when the error output goes to a terminal. If
+	unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.advice.hint::
+	Use customized color for hints.
+
+color.blame.highlightRecent::
+	This can be used to color the metadata of a blame line depending
+	on age of the line.
++
+This setting should be set to a comma-separated list of color and date settings,
+starting and ending with a color, the dates should be set from oldest to newest.
+The metadata will be colored given the colors if the the line was introduced
+before the given timestamp, overwriting older timestamped colors.
++
+Instead of an absolute timestamp relative timestamps work as well, e.g.
+2.weeks.ago is valid to address anything older than 2 weeks.
++
+It defaults to 'blue,12 month ago,white,1 month ago,red', which colors
+everything older than one year blue, recent changes between one month and
+one year old are kept white, and lines introduced within the last month are
+colored red.
+
+color.blame.repeatedLines::
+	Use the customized color for the part of git-blame output that
+	is repeated meta information per line (such as commit id,
+	author name, date and timezone). Defaults to cyan.
+
+color.branch::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
+	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.branch.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
+	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
+	refs).
+
+color.diff::
+	Whether to use ANSI escape sequences to add color to patches.
+	If this is set to `always`, linkgit:git-diff[1],
+	linkgit:git-log[1], and linkgit:git-show[1] will use color
+	for all patches.  If it is set to `true` or `auto`, those
+	commands will only use color when output is to the terminal.
+	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by
+	default).
++
+This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or the
+'git-diff-{asterisk}' plumbing commands.  Can be overridden on the
+command line with the `--color[=<when>]` option.
+
+color.diff.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for diff colorization.  `<slot>` specifies
+	which part of the patch to use the specified color, and is one
+	of `context` (context text - `plain` is a historical synonym),
+	`meta` (metainformation), `frag`
+	(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
+	`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), `whitespace`
+	(highlighting whitespace errors), `oldMoved` (deleted lines),
+	`newMoved` (added lines), `oldMovedDimmed`, `oldMovedAlternative`,
+	`oldMovedAlternativeDimmed`, `newMovedDimmed`, `newMovedAlternative`
+	`newMovedAlternativeDimmed` (See the '<mode>'
+	setting of '--color-moved' in linkgit:git-diff[1] for details),
+	`contextDimmed`, `oldDimmed`, `newDimmed`, `contextBold`,
+	`oldBold`, and `newBold` (see linkgit:git-range-diff[1] for details).
+
+color.decorate.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for 'git log --decorate' output.  `<slot>` is one
+	of `branch`, `remoteBranch`, `tag`, `stash` or `HEAD` for local
+	branches, remote-tracking branches, tags, stash and HEAD, respectively
+	and `grafted` for grafted commits.
+
+color.grep::
+	When set to `always`, always highlight matches.  When `false` (or
+	`never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use color only
+	when the output is written to the terminal.  If unset, then the
+	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.grep.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for grep colorization.  `<slot>` specifies which
+	part of the line to use the specified color, and is one of
++
+--
+`context`;;
+	non-matching text in context lines (when using `-A`, `-B`, or `-C`)
+`filename`;;
+	filename prefix (when not using `-h`)
+`function`;;
+	function name lines (when using `-p`)
+`lineNumber`;;
+	line number prefix (when using `-n`)
+`column`;;
+	column number prefix (when using `--column`)
+`match`;;
+	matching text (same as setting `matchContext` and `matchSelected`)
+`matchContext`;;
+	matching text in context lines
+`matchSelected`;;
+	matching text in selected lines
+`selected`;;
+	non-matching text in selected lines
+`separator`;;
+	separators between fields on a line (`:`, `-`, and `=`)
+	and between hunks (`--`)
+--
+
+color.interactive::
+	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
+	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
+	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
+	to the terminal. If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is
+	used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.interactive.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
+	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
+	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
+	interactive commands.
+
+color.pager::
+	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
+	use (default is true).
+
+color.push::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in push errors. May be set to
+	`always`, `false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which
+	case colors are used only when the error output goes to a terminal.
+	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.push.error::
+	Use customized color for push errors.
+
+color.remote::
+	If set, keywords at the start of the line are highlighted. The
+	keywords are "error", "warning", "hint" and "success", and are
+	matched case-insensitively. May be set to `always`, `false` (or
+	`never`) or `auto` (or `true`). If unset, then the value of
+	`color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.remote.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for each remote keyword. `<slot>` may be
+	`hint`, `warning`, `success` or `error` which match the
+	corresponding keyword.
+
+color.showBranch::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
+	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.status::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-status[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. If unset, then the
+	value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.status.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for status colorization. `<slot>` is
+	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
+	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
+	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
+	`branch` (the current branch),
+	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
+	to red),
+	`localBranch` or `remoteBranch` (the local and remote branch names,
+	respectively, when branch and tracking information is displayed in the
+	status short-format), or
+	`unmerged` (files which have unmerged changes).
+
+color.transport::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color when pushes are rejected. May be
+	set to `always`, `false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which
+	case colors are used only when the error output goes to a terminal.
+	If unset, then the value of `color.ui` is used (`auto` by default).
+
+color.transport.rejected::
+	Use customized color when a push was rejected.
+
+color.ui::
+	This variable determines the default value for variables such
+	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
+	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
+	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
+	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
+	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
+	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
+	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
+	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
+	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/column.txt b/Documentation/config/column.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76aa2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/column.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+column.ui::
+	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
+	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
+	or commas:
++
+These options control when the feature should be enabled
+(defaults to 'never'):
++
+--
+`always`;;
+	always show in columns
+`never`;;
+	never show in columns
+`auto`;;
+	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
+--
++
+These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
+of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
+specified.
++
+--
+`column`;;
+	fill columns before rows
+`row`;;
+	fill rows before columns
+`plain`;;
+	show in one column
+--
++
+Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
+to 'nodense'):
++
+--
+`dense`;;
+	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
+`nodense`;;
+	make equal size columns
+--
+
+column.branch::
+	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.clean::
+	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
+	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.status::
+	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.tag::
+	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/commit.txt b/Documentation/config/commit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c95573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/commit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
+commit.gpgSign::
+
+	A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed.
+	Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can
+	result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be
+	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase
+	several times.
+
+commit.status::
+	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
+	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
+	message.  Defaults to true.
+
+commit.template::
+	Specify the pathname of a file to use as the template for
+	new commit messages.
+
+commit.verbose::
+	A boolean or int to specify the level of verbose with `git commit`.
+	See linkgit:git-commit[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/completion.txt b/Documentation/config/completion.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d99bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/completion.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+completion.commands::
+	This is only used by git-completion.bash to add or remove
+	commands from the list of completed commands. Normally only
+	porcelain commands and a few select others are completed. You
+	can add more commands, separated by space, in this
+	variable. Prefixing the command with '-' will remove it from
+	the existing list.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/core.txt b/Documentation/config/core.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0e6635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/core.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+core.fileMode::
+	Tells Git if the executable bit of files in the working tree
+	is to be honored.
++
+Some filesystems lose the executable bit when a file that is
+marked as executable is checked out, or checks out a
+non-executable file with executable bit on.
+linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] probe the filesystem
+to see if it handles the executable bit correctly
+and this variable is automatically set as necessary.
++
+A repository, however, may be on a filesystem that handles
+the filemode correctly, and this variable is set to 'true'
+when created, but later may be made accessible from another
+environment that loses the filemode (e.g. exporting ext4 via
+CIFS mount, visiting a Cygwin created repository with
+Git for Windows or Eclipse).
+In such a case it may be necessary to set this variable to 'false'.
+See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
++
+The default is true (when core.filemode is not specified in the config file).
+
+core.hideDotFiles::
+	(Windows-only) If true, mark newly-created directories and files whose
+	name starts with a dot as hidden.  If 'dotGitOnly', only the `.git/`
+	directory is hidden, but no other files starting with a dot.  The
+	default mode is 'dotGitOnly'.
+
+core.ignoreCase::
+	Internal variable which enables various workarounds to enable
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	like APFS, HFS+, FAT, NTFS, etc. For example, if a directory listing
+	finds "makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
+	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
+	"Makefile".
++
+The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
+will probe and set core.ignoreCase true if appropriate when the repository
+is created.
++
+Git relies on the proper configuration of this variable for your operating
+and file system. Modifying this value may result in unexpected behavior.
+
+core.precomposeUnicode::
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeUnicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
+	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
+
+core.protectHFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	be considered equivalent to `.git` on an HFS+ filesystem.
+	Defaults to `true` on Mac OS, and `false` elsewhere.
+
+core.protectNTFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	cause problems with the NTFS filesystem, e.g. conflict with
+	8.3 "short" names.
+	Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere.
+
+core.fsmonitor::
+	If set, the value of this variable is used as a command which
+	will identify all files that may have changed since the
+	requested date/time. This information is used to speed up git by
+	avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed.
+	See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
+
+core.trustctime::
+	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
+	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
+	is regularly modified by something outside Git (file system
+	crawlers and some backup systems).
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
+
+core.splitIndex::
+	If true, the split-index feature of the index will be used.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. False by default.
+
+core.untrackedCache::
+	Determines what to do about the untracked cache feature of the
+	index. It will be kept, if this variable is unset or set to
+	`keep`. It will automatically be added if set to `true`. And
+	it will automatically be removed, if set to `false`. Before
+	setting it to `true`, you should check that mtime is working
+	properly on your system.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default.
+
+core.checkStat::
+	When missing or is set to `default`, many fields in the stat
+	structure are checked to detect if a file has been modified
+	since Git looked at it.  When this configuration variable is
+	set to `minimal`, sub-second part of mtime and ctime, the
+	uid and gid of the owner of the file, the inode number (and
+	the device number, if Git was compiled to use it), are
+	excluded from the check among these fields, leaving only the
+	whole-second part of mtime (and ctime, if `core.trustCtime`
+	is set) and the filesize to be checked.
++
+There are implementations of Git that do not leave usable values in
+some fields (e.g. JGit); by excluding these fields from the
+comparison, the `minimal` mode may help interoperability when the
+same repository is used by these other systems at the same time.
+
+core.quotePath::
+	Commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files', 'diff'), will
+	quote "unusual" characters in the pathname by enclosing the
+	pathname in double-quotes and escaping those characters with
+	backslashes in the same way C escapes control characters (e.g.
+	`\t` for TAB, `\n` for LF, `\\` for backslash) or bytes with
+	values larger than 0x80 (e.g. octal `\302\265` for "micro" in
+	UTF-8).  If this variable is set to false, bytes higher than
+	0x80 are not considered "unusual" any more. Double-quotes,
+	backslash and control characters are always escaped regardless
+	of the setting of this variable.  A simple space character is
+	not considered "unusual".  Many commands can output pathnames
+	completely verbatim using the `-z` option. The default value
+	is true.
+
+core.eol::
+	Sets the line ending type to use in the working directory for
+	files that have the `text` property set when core.autocrlf is false.
+	Alternatives are 'lf', 'crlf' and 'native', which uses the platform's
+	native line ending.  The default value is `native`.  See
+	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for more information on end-of-line
+	conversion.
+
+core.safecrlf::
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
+	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
+	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
+	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
+	this is not the case for the current setting of
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
+	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
++
+CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
+files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
+such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
+But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
+conversion can corrupt data.
++
+If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
+setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
+after committing you still have the original file in your work
+tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
+appropriately.
++
+Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
+mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
+files cannot be distinguished.  In both cases CRLFs are removed
+in an irreversible way.  For text files this is the right thing
+to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
+converting CRLFs corrupts data.
++
+Note, this safety check does not mean that a checkout will generate a
+file identical to the original file for a different setting of
+`core.eol` and `core.autocrlf`, but only for the current one.  For
+example, a text file with `LF` would be accepted with `core.eol=lf`
+and could later be checked out with `core.eol=crlf`, in which case the
+resulting file would contain `CRLF`, although the original file
+contained `LF`.  However, in both work trees the line endings would be
+consistent, that is either all `LF` or all `CRLF`, but never mixed.  A
+file with mixed line endings would be reported by the `core.safecrlf`
+mechanism.
+
+core.autocrlf::
+	Setting this variable to "true" is the same as setting
+	the `text` attribute to "auto" on all files and core.eol to "crlf".
+	Set to true if you want to have `CRLF` line endings in your
+	working directory and the repository has LF line endings.
+	This variable can be set to 'input',
+	in which case no output conversion is performed.
+
+core.checkRoundtripEncoding::
+	A comma and/or whitespace separated list of encodings that Git
+	performs UTF-8 round trip checks on if they are used in an
+	`working-tree-encoding` attribute (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
+	The default value is `SHIFT-JIS`.
+
+core.symlinks::
+	If false, symbolic links are checked out as small plain files that
+	contain the link text. linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+	linkgit:git-add[1] will not change the recorded type to regular
+	file. Useful on filesystems like FAT that do not support
+	symbolic links.
++
+The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
+will probe and set core.symlinks false if appropriate when the repository
+is created.
+
+core.gitProxy::
+	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
+	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
+	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
+	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
+	the first match wins.
++
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_COMMAND` environment variable
+(which always applies universally, without the special "for"
+handling).
++
+The special string `none` can be used as the proxy command to
+specify that no proxy be used for a given domain pattern.
+This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from
+proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains.
+
+core.sshCommand::
+	If this variable is set, `git fetch` and `git push` will
+	use the specified command instead of `ssh` when they need to
+	connect to a remote system. The command is in the same form as
+	the `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` environment variable and is overridden
+	when the environment variable is set.
+
+core.ignoreStat::
+	If true, Git will avoid using lstat() calls to detect if files have
+	changed by setting the "assume-unchanged" bit for those tracked files
+	which it has updated identically in both the index and working tree.
++
+When files are modified outside of Git, the user will need to stage
+the modified files explicitly (e.g. see 'Examples' section in
+linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+Git will not normally detect changes to those files.
++
+This is useful on systems where lstat() calls are very slow, such as
+CIFS/Microsoft Windows.
++
+False by default.
+
+core.preferSymlinkRefs::
+	Instead of the default "symref" format for HEAD
+	and other symbolic reference files, use symbolic links.
+	This is sometimes needed to work with old scripts that
+	expect HEAD to be a symbolic link.
+
+core.alternateRefsCommand::
+	When advertising tips of available history from an alternate, use the shell to
+	execute the specified command instead of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]. The
+	first argument is the absolute path of the alternate. Output must contain one
+	hex object id per line (i.e., the same as produced by `git for-each-ref
+	--format='%(objectname)'`).
++
+Note that you cannot generally put `git for-each-ref` directly into the config
+value, as it does not take a repository path as an argument (but you can wrap
+the command above in a shell script).
+
+core.alternateRefsPrefixes::
+	When listing references from an alternate, list only references that begin
+	with the given prefix. Prefixes match as if they were given as arguments to
+	linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]. To list multiple prefixes, separate them with
+	whitespace. If `core.alternateRefsCommand` is set, setting
+	`core.alternateRefsPrefixes` has no effect.
+
+core.bare::
+	If true this repository is assumed to be 'bare' and has no
+	working directory associated with it.  If this is the case a
+	number of commands that require a working directory will be
+	disabled, such as linkgit:git-add[1] or linkgit:git-merge[1].
++
+This setting is automatically guessed by linkgit:git-clone[1] or
+linkgit:git-init[1] when the repository was created.  By default a
+repository that ends in "/.git" is assumed to be not bare (bare =
+false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
+= true).
+
+core.worktree::
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
+	If `GIT_COMMON_DIR` environment variable is set, core.worktree
+	is ignored and not used for determining the root of working tree.
+	This can be overridden by the `GIT_WORK_TREE` environment
+	variable and the `--work-tree` command-line option.
+	The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to
+	the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir
+	or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered.
+	If --git-dir or GIT_DIR is specified but none of
+	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
+	the current working directory is regarded as the top level
+	of your working tree.
++
+Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
+file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
+from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
+core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
+confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
+read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
+repository's usual working tree).
+
+core.logAllRefUpdates::
+	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
+	"`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`", by appending the new and old
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
+	variable is set to `true`, missing "`$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>`"
+	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
+	`refs/heads/`), remote refs (i.e. under `refs/remotes/`),
+	note refs (i.e. under `refs/notes/`), and the symbolic ref `HEAD`.
+	If it is set to `always`, then a missing reflog is automatically
+	created for any ref under `refs/`.
++
+This information can be used to determine what commit
+was the tip of a branch "2 days ago".
++
+This value is true by default in a repository that has
+a working directory associated with it, and false by
+default in a bare repository.
+
+core.repositoryFormatVersion::
+	Internal variable identifying the repository format and layout
+	version.
+
+core.sharedRepository::
+	When 'group' (or 'true'), the repository is made shareable between
+	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
+	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
+	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
+	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
+	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
+	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
+	requested parts of the user's umask value). Examples: '0660' will make
+	the repo read/write-able for the owner and group, but inaccessible to
+	others (equivalent to 'group' unless umask is e.g. '0022'). '0640' is a
+	repository that is group-readable but not group-writable.
+	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
+
+core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
+
+core.compression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
+	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
+	and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being slowest.
+	If set, this provides a default to other compression variables,
+	such as `core.looseCompression` and `pack.compression`.
+
+core.looseCompression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects that
+	are not in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
+	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
+	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
+	not set,  defaults to 1 (best speed).
+
+core.packedGitWindowSize::
+	Number of bytes of a pack file to map into memory in a
+	single mapping operation.  Larger window sizes may allow
+	your system to process a smaller number of large pack files
+	more quickly.  Smaller window sizes will negatively affect
+	performance due to increased calls to the operating system's
+	memory manager, but may improve performance when accessing
+	a large number of large pack files.
++
+Default is 1 MiB if NO_MMAP was set at compile time, otherwise 32
+MiB on 32 bit platforms and 1 GiB on 64 bit platforms.  This should
+be reasonable for all users/operating systems.  You probably do
+not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.packedGitLimit::
+	Maximum number of bytes to map simultaneously into memory
+	from pack files.  If Git needs to access more than this many
+	bytes at once to complete an operation it will unmap existing
+	regions to reclaim virtual address space within the process.
++
+Default is 256 MiB on 32 bit platforms and 32 TiB (effectively
+unlimited) on 64 bit platforms.
+This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on
+the largest projects.  You probably do not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
+	Maximum number of bytes to reserve for caching base objects
+	that may be referenced by multiple deltified objects.  By storing the
+	entire decompressed base objects in a cache Git is able
+	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
+	objects multiple times.
++
+Default is 96 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects.
+You probably do not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.bigFileThreshold::
+	Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without
+	attempting delta compression.  Storing large files without
+	delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the
+	slight expense of increased disk usage. Additionally files
+	larger than this size are always treated as binary.
++
+Default is 512 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+for most projects as source code and other text files can still
+be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.excludesFile::
+	Specifies the pathname to the file that contains patterns to
+	describe paths that are not meant to be tracked, in addition
+	to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and '.git/info/exclude'.
+	Defaults to `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore`.
+	If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/ignore`
+	is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+core.askPass::
+	Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively
+	ask for a password can be told to use an external program given
+	via the value of this variable. Can be overridden by the `GIT_ASKPASS`
+	environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the
+	`SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable or, failing that, a simple password
+	prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as
+	command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
+
+core.attributesFile::
+	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
+	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
+	way as for `core.excludesFile`. Its default value is
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes`. If `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is either not
+	set or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/attributes` is used instead.
+
+core.hooksPath::
+	By default Git will look for your hooks in the
+	'$GIT_DIR/hooks' directory. Set this to different path,
+	e.g. '/etc/git/hooks', and Git will try to find your hooks in
+	that directory, e.g. '/etc/git/hooks/pre-receive' instead of
+	in '$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive'.
++
+The path can be either absolute or relative. A relative path is
+taken as relative to the directory where the hooks are run (see
+the "DESCRIPTION" section of linkgit:githooks[5]).
++
+This configuration variable is useful in cases where you'd like to
+centrally configure your Git hooks instead of configuring them on a
+per-repository basis, or as a more flexible and centralized
+alternative to having an `init.templateDir` where you've changed
+default hooks.
+
+core.editor::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that let you edit
+	messages by launching an editor use the value of this
+	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
+	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
+
+core.commentChar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that let you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
++
+If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not
+the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages.
+
+core.filesRefLockTimeout::
+	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
+	lock an individual reference. Value 0 means not to retry at
+	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 100 (i.e.,
+	retry for 100ms).
+
+core.packedRefsTimeout::
+	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
+	lock the `packed-refs` file. Value 0 means not to retry at
+	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 1000 (i.e.,
+	retry for 1 second).
+
+core.pager::
+	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+	compile time (usually 'less').
++
+When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX`
+(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
+all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
+for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`.  This will
+be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
+command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the
+`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate
+long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will
+deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the
+command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of
+`less`.  One can specifically activate some flags for particular
+commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables
+line truncation only for `git blame`.
++
+Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it
+to `-c`.  You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with
+another value or setting `core.pager` to `lv +c`.
+
+core.whitespace::
+	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
+	notice.  'git diff' will use `color.diff.whitespace` to
+	highlight them, and 'git apply --whitespace=error' will
+	consider them as errors.  You can prefix `-` to disable
+	any of them (e.g. `-trailing-space`):
++
+* `blank-at-eol` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line
+  as an error (enabled by default).
+* `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
+  before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
+  error (enabled by default).
+* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space
+  characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by
+  default).
+* `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of
+  the line as an error (not enabled by default).
+* `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
+  (enabled by default).
+* `trailing-space` is a short-hand to cover both `blank-at-eol` and
+  `blank-at-eof`.
+* `cr-at-eol` treats a carriage-return at the end of line as
+  part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space`
+  does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
+  is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
+* `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
+
+core.fsyncObjectFiles::
+	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
++
+This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
+data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
+journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
+and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
+
+core.preloadIndex::
+	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'
++
+This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
+on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
+relatively high IO latencies.  When enabled, Git will do the
+index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
+overlapping IO's.  Defaults to true.
+
+core.unsetenvvars::
+	Windows-only: comma-separated list of environment variables'
+	names that need to be unset before spawning any other process.
+	Defaults to `PERL5LIB` to account for the fact that Git for
+	Windows insists on using its own Perl interpreter.
+
+core.createObject::
+	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
+	a delete of the source are used to make sure that object creation
+	will not overwrite existing objects.
++
+On some file system/operating system combinations, this is unreliable.
+Set this config setting to 'rename' there; However, This will remove the
+check that makes sure that existing object files will not get overwritten.
+
+core.notesRef::
+	When showing commit messages, also show notes which are stored in
+	the given ref.  The ref must be fully qualified.  If the given
+	ref does not exist, it is not an error but means that no
+	notes should be printed.
++
+This setting defaults to "refs/notes/commits", and it can be overridden by
+the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.  See linkgit:git-notes[1].
+
+core.commitGraph::
+	If true, then git will read the commit-graph file (if it exists)
+	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to false. See
+	linkgit:git-commit-graph[1] for more information.
+
+core.useReplaceRefs::
+	If set to `false`, behave as if the `--no-replace-objects`
+	option was given on the command line. See linkgit:git[1] and
+	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
+
+core.multiPackIndex::
+	Use the multi-pack-index file to track multiple packfiles using a
+	single index. See link:technical/multi-pack-index.html[the
+	multi-pack-index design document].
+
+core.sparseCheckout::
+	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
+	linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information.
+
+core.abbrev::
+	Set the length object names are abbreviated to.  If
+	unspecified or set to "auto", an appropriate value is
+	computed based on the approximate number of packed objects
+	in your repository, which hopefully is enough for
+	abbreviated object names to stay unique for some time.
+	The minimum length is 4.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/credential.txt b/Documentation/config/credential.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60fb318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/credential.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+credential.helper::
+	Specify an external helper to be called when a username or
+	password credential is needed; the helper may consult external
+	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. Note
+	that multiple helpers may be defined. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+	for details.
+
+credential.useHttpPath::
+	When acquiring credentials, consider the "path" component of an http
+	or https URL to be important. Defaults to false. See
+	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information.
+
+credential.username::
+	If no username is set for a network authentication, use this username
+	by default. See credential.<context>.* below, and
+	linkgit:gitcredentials[7].
+
+credential.<url>.*::
+	Any of the credential.* options above can be applied selectively to
+	some credentials. For example "credential.https://example.com.username"
+	would set the default username only for https connections to
+	example.com. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for details on how URLs are
+	matched.
+
+credentialCache.ignoreSIGHUP::
+	Tell git-credential-cache--daemon to ignore SIGHUP, instead of quitting.
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
similarity index 98%
rename from Documentation/diff-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/diff.txt
index e64d983..e48bb98 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 	and requires that a corresponding difftool.<guitool>.cmd variable
 	is defined.
 
-include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+include::../mergetools-diff.txt[]
 
 diff.indentHeuristic::
 	Set this option to `true` to enable experimental heuristics
diff --git a/Documentation/config/difftool.txt b/Documentation/config/difftool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6762594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/difftool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+difftool.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
+	your tool is not in the PATH.
+
+difftool.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified diff tool.
+	The specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
+	variables available:  'LOCAL' is set to the name of the temporary
+	file containing the contents of the diff pre-image and 'REMOTE'
+	is set to the name of the temporary file containing the contents
+	of the diff post-image.
+
+difftool.prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/fastimport.txt b/Documentation/config/fastimport.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1166e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/fastimport.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+fastimport.unpackLimit::
+	If the number of objects imported by linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+	is below this limit, then the objects will be unpacked into
+	loose object files.  However if the number of imported objects
+	equals or exceeds this limit then the pack will be stored as a
+	pack.  Storing the pack from a fast-import can make the import
+	operation complete faster, especially on slow filesystems.  If
+	not set, the value of `transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-config.txt b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/fetch-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/fetch.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/filter.txt b/Documentation/config/filter.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90dfe0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/filter.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+filter.<driver>.clean::
+	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
+	file to a blob upon checkin.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for
+	details.
+
+filter.<driver>.smudge::
+	The command which is used to convert the content of a blob
+	object to a worktree file upon checkout.  See
+	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/fmt-merge-msg-config.txt b/Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/fmt-merge-msg-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/format-config.txt b/Documentation/config/format.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/format-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/format.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/fsck.txt b/Documentation/config/fsck.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879c5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/fsck.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+fsck.<msg-id>::
+	During fsck git may find issues with legacy data which
+	wouldn't be generated by current versions of git, and which
+	wouldn't be sent over the wire if `transfer.fsckObjects` was
+	set. This feature is intended to support working with legacy
+	repositories containing such data.
++
+Setting `fsck.<msg-id>` will be picked up by linkgit:git-fsck[1], but
+to accept pushes of such data set `receive.fsck.<msg-id>` instead, or
+to clone or fetch it set `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>`.
++
+The rest of the documentation discusses `fsck.*` for brevity, but the
+same applies for the corresponding `receive.fsck.*` and
+`fetch.<msg-id>.*`. variables.
++
+Unlike variables like `color.ui` and `core.editor` the
+`receive.fsck.<msg-id>` and `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>` variables will not
+fall back on the `fsck.<msg-id>` configuration if they aren't set. To
+uniformly configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances
+all three of them they must all set to the same values.
++
+When `fsck.<msg-id>` is set, errors can be switched to warnings and
+vice versa by configuring the `fsck.<msg-id>` setting where the
+`<msg-id>` is the fsck message ID and the value is one of `error`,
+`warn` or `ignore`. For convenience, fsck prefixes the error/warning
+with the message ID, e.g. "missingEmail: invalid author/committer line
+- missing email" means that setting `fsck.missingEmail = ignore` will
+hide that issue.
++
+In general, it is better to enumerate existing objects with problems
+with `fsck.skipList`, instead of listing the kind of breakages these
+problematic objects share to be ignored, as doing the latter will
+allow new instances of the same breakages go unnoticed.
++
+Setting an unknown `fsck.<msg-id>` value will cause fsck to die, but
+doing the same for `receive.fsck.<msg-id>` and `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>`
+will only cause git to warn.
+
+fsck.skipList::
+	The path to a list of object names (i.e. one unabbreviated SHA-1 per
+	line) that are known to be broken in a non-fatal way and should
+	be ignored. On versions of Git 2.20 and later comments ('#'), empty
+	lines, and any leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Everything
+	but a SHA-1 per line will error out on older versions.
++
+This feature is useful when an established project should be accepted
+despite early commits containing errors that can be safely ignored
+such as invalid committer email addresses.  Note: corrupt objects
+cannot be skipped with this setting.
++
+Like `fsck.<msg-id>` this variable has corresponding
+`receive.fsck.skipList` and `fetch.fsck.skipList` variants.
++
+Unlike variables like `color.ui` and `core.editor` the
+`receive.fsck.skipList` and `fetch.fsck.skipList` variables will not
+fall back on the `fsck.skipList` configuration if they aren't set. To
+uniformly configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances
+all three of them they must all set to the same values.
++
+Older versions of Git (before 2.20) documented that the object names
+list should be sorted. This was never a requirement, the object names
+could appear in any order, but when reading the list we tracked whether
+the list was sorted for the purposes of an internal binary search
+implementation, which could save itself some work with an already sorted
+list. Unless you had a humongous list there was no reason to go out of
+your way to pre-sort the list. After Git version 2.20 a hash implementation
+is used instead, so there's now no reason to pre-sort the list.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gc.txt b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fbb8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+gc.aggressiveDepth::
+	The depth parameter used in the delta compression
+	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
+	to 50.
+
+gc.aggressiveWindow::
+	The window size parameter used in the delta compression
+	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
+	to 250.
+
+gc.auto::
+	When there are approximately more than this many loose
+	objects in the repository, `git gc --auto` will pack them.
+	Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a
+	light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
+	default value is 6700.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
+
+gc.autoPackLimit::
+	When there are more than this many packs that are not
+	marked with `*.keep` file in the repository, `git gc
+	--auto` consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
+	default	value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
+
+gc.autoDetach::
+	Make `git gc --auto` return immediately and run in background
+	if the system supports it. Default is true.
+
+gc.bigPackThreshold::
+	If non-zero, all packs larger than this limit are kept when
+	`git gc` is run. This is very similar to `--keep-base-pack`
+	except that all packs that meet the threshold are kept, not
+	just the base pack. Defaults to zero. Common unit suffixes of
+	'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
++
+Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit,
+this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack
+will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below
+gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.
+
+gc.writeCommitGraph::
+	If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when
+	linkgit:git-gc[1] is run. When using linkgit:git-gc[1]
+	'--auto' the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is
+	required. Default is false. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
+	for details.
+
+gc.logExpiry::
+	If the file gc.log exists, then `git gc --auto` will print
+	its content and exit with status zero instead of running
+	unless that file is more than 'gc.logExpiry' old.  Default is
+	"1.day".  See `gc.pruneExpire` for more ways to specify its
+	value.
+
+gc.packRefs::
+	Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
+	unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
+	transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
+	'git gc' runs `git pack-refs`. This can be set to `notbare`
+	to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
+	boolean value.  The default is `true`.
+
+gc.pruneExpire::
+	When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
+	Override the grace period with this config variable.  The value
+	"now" may be used to disable this grace period and always prune
+	unreachable objects immediately, or "never" may be used to
+	suppress pruning.  This feature helps prevent corruption when
+	'git gc' runs concurrently with another process writing to the
+	repository; see the "NOTES" section of linkgit:git-gc[1].
+
+gc.worktreePruneExpire::
+	When 'git gc' is run, it calls
+	'git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago'.
+	This config variable can be used to set a different grace
+	period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace
+	period and prune `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` immediately, or "never"
+	may be used to suppress pruning.
+
+gc.reflogExpire::
+gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire::
+	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
+	this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all
+	entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration
+	altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g.
+	"refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to
+	the refs that match the <pattern>.
+
+gc.reflogExpireUnreachable::
+gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable::
+	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
+	this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
+	defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries
+	immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether.
+	With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash")
+	in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that
+	match the <pattern>.
+
+gc.rerereResolved::
+	Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
+	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
+	You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
+	The default is 60 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
+
+gc.rerereUnresolved::
+	Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
+	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
+	You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc.
+	The default is 15 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-config.txt b/Documentation/config/gitcvs.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/gitcvs-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/gitcvs.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/config/gitweb.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b51475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/gitweb.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+gitweb.category::
+gitweb.description::
+gitweb.owner::
+gitweb.url::
+	See linkgit:gitweb[1] for description.
+
+gitweb.avatar::
+gitweb.blame::
+gitweb.grep::
+gitweb.highlight::
+gitweb.patches::
+gitweb.pickaxe::
+gitweb.remote_heads::
+gitweb.showSizes::
+gitweb.snapshot::
+	See linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] for description.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..590fe0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+gpg.program::
+	Use this custom program instead of "`gpg`" found on `$PATH` when
+	making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the
+	same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
+	signature, "`gpg --verify $file - <$signature`" is run, and the
+	program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with
+	code 0, and to generate an ASCII-armored detached signature, the
+	standard input of "`gpg -bsau $key`" is fed with the contents to be
+	signed, and the program is expected to send the result to its
+	standard output.
+
+gpg.format::
+	Specifies which key format to use when signing with `--gpg-sign`.
+	Default is "openpgp" and another possible value is "x509".
+
+gpg.<format>.program::
+	Use this to customize the program used for the signing format you
+	chose. (see `gpg.program` and `gpg.format`) `gpg.program` can still
+	be used as a legacy synonym for	`gpg.openpgp.program`. The default
+	value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm".
diff --git a/Documentation/config/grep.txt b/Documentation/config/grep.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44abe45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/grep.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+grep.lineNumber::
+	If set to true, enable `-n` option by default.
+
+grep.column::
+	If set to true, enable the `--column` option by default.
+
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the `--basic-regexp`, `--extended-regexp`,
+	`--fixed-strings`, or `--perl-regexp` option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
+grep.extendedRegexp::
+	If set to true, enable `--extended-regexp` option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
+
+grep.threads::
+	Number of grep worker threads to use.
+	See `grep.threads` in linkgit:git-grep[1] for more information.
+
+grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
+	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
+	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
diff --git a/Documentation/gui-config.txt b/Documentation/config/gui.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/gui-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/gui.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/guitool.txt b/Documentation/config/guitool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43fb946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/guitool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+guitool.<name>.cmd::
+	Specifies the shell command line to execute when the corresponding item
+	of the linkgit:git-gui[1] `Tools` menu is invoked. This option is
+	mandatory for every tool. The command is executed from the root of
+	the working directory, and in the environment it receives the name of
+	the tool as `GIT_GUITOOL`, the name of the currently selected file as
+	'FILENAME', and the name of the current branch as 'CUR_BRANCH' (if
+	the head is detached, 'CUR_BRANCH' is empty).
+
+guitool.<name>.needsFile::
+	Run the tool only if a diff is selected in the GUI. It guarantees
+	that 'FILENAME' is not empty.
+
+guitool.<name>.noConsole::
+	Run the command silently, without creating a window to display its
+	output.
+
+guitool.<name>.noRescan::
+	Don't rescan the working directory for changes after the tool
+	finishes execution.
+
+guitool.<name>.confirm::
+	Show a confirmation dialog before actually running the tool.
+
+guitool.<name>.argPrompt::
+	Request a string argument from the user, and pass it to the tool
+	through the `ARGS` environment variable. Since requesting an
+	argument implies confirmation, the 'confirm' option has no effect
+	if this is enabled. If the option is set to 'true', 'yes', or '1',
+	the dialog uses a built-in generic prompt; otherwise the exact
+	value of the variable is used.
+
+guitool.<name>.revPrompt::
+	Request a single valid revision from the user, and set the
+	`REVISION` environment variable. In other aspects this option
+	is similar to 'argPrompt', and can be used together with it.
+
+guitool.<name>.revUnmerged::
+	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revPrompt' subdialog.
+	This is useful for tools similar to merge or rebase, but not
+	for things like checkout or reset.
+
+guitool.<name>.title::
+	Specifies the title to use for the prompt dialog. The default
+	is the tool name.
+
+guitool.<name>.prompt::
+	Specifies the general prompt string to display at the top of
+	the dialog, before subsections for 'argPrompt' and 'revPrompt'.
+	The default value includes the actual command.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/help.txt b/Documentation/config/help.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..224bbf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/help.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+help.browser::
+	Specify the browser that will be used to display help in the
+	'web' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
+help.format::
+	Override the default help format used by linkgit:git-help[1].
+	Values 'man', 'info', 'web' and 'html' are supported. 'man' is
+	the default. 'web' and 'html' are the same.
+
+help.autoCorrect::
+	Automatically correct and execute mistyped commands after
+	waiting for the given number of deciseconds (0.1 sec). If more
+	than one command can be deduced from the entered text, nothing
+	will be executed.  If the value of this option is negative,
+	the corrected command will be executed immediately. If the
+	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
+	This is the default.
+
+help.htmlPath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/http.txt b/Documentation/config/http.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a56d848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/http.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+http.proxy::
+	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
+	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see `curl(1)`). In
+	addition to the syntax understood by curl, it is possible to specify a
+	proxy string with a user name but no password, in which case git will
+	attempt to acquire one in the same way it does for other credentials. See
+	linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information. The syntax thus is
+	'[protocol://][user[:password]@]proxyhost[:port]'. This can be overridden
+	on a per-remote basis; see remote.<name>.proxy
+
+http.proxyAuthMethod::
+	Set the method with which to authenticate against the HTTP proxy. This
+	only takes effect if the configured proxy string contains a user name part
+	(i.e. is of the form 'user@host' or 'user@host:port'). This can be
+	overridden on a per-remote basis; see `remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod`.
+	Both can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_PROXY_AUTHMETHOD` environment
+	variable.  Possible values are:
++
+--
+* `anyauth` - Automatically pick a suitable authentication method. It is
+  assumed that the proxy answers an unauthenticated request with a 407
+  status code and one or more Proxy-authenticate headers with supported
+  authentication methods. This is the default.
+* `basic` - HTTP Basic authentication
+* `digest` - HTTP Digest authentication; this prevents the password from being
+  transmitted to the proxy in clear text
+* `negotiate` - GSS-Negotiate authentication (compare the --negotiate option
+  of `curl(1)`)
+* `ntlm` - NTLM authentication (compare the --ntlm option of `curl(1)`)
+--
+
+http.emptyAuth::
+	Attempt authentication without seeking a username or password.  This
+	can be used to attempt GSS-Negotiate authentication without specifying
+	a username in the URL, as libcurl normally requires a username for
+	authentication.
+
+http.delegation::
+	Control GSSAPI credential delegation. The delegation is disabled
+	by default in libcurl since version 7.21.7. Set parameter to tell
+	the server what it is allowed to delegate when it comes to user
+	credentials. Used with GSS/kerberos. Possible values are:
++
+--
+* `none` - Don't allow any delegation.
+* `policy` - Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the
+  Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
+* `always` - Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
+--
+
+
+http.extraHeader::
+	Pass an additional HTTP header when communicating with a server.  If
+	more than one such entry exists, all of them are added as extra
+	headers.  To allow overriding the settings inherited from the system
+	config, an empty value will reset the extra headers to the empty list.
+
+http.cookieFile::
+	The pathname of a file containing previously stored cookie lines,
+	which should be used
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
+	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see `curl(1)`).
+	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookieFile is used only as
+	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
+
+http.saveCookies::
+	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
+	http.cookieFile. Has no effect if http.cookieFile is unset.
+
+http.sslVersion::
+	The SSL version to use when negotiating an SSL connection, if you
+	want to force the default.  The available and default version
+	depend on whether libcurl was built against NSS or OpenSSL and the
+	particular configuration of the crypto library in use. Internally
+	this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_VERSION' option; see the libcurl
+	documentation for more details on the format of this option and
+	for the ssl version supported. Actually the possible values of
+	this option are:
+
+	- sslv2
+	- sslv3
+	- tlsv1
+	- tlsv1.0
+	- tlsv1.1
+	- tlsv1.2
+	- tlsv1.3
+
++
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_VERSION` environment variable.
+To force git to use libcurl's default ssl version and ignore any
+explicit http.sslversion option, set `GIT_SSL_VERSION` to the
+empty string.
+
+http.sslCipherList::
+  A list of SSL ciphers to use when negotiating an SSL connection.
+  The available ciphers depend on whether libcurl was built against
+  NSS or OpenSSL and the particular configuration of the crypto
+  library in use.  Internally this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST'
+  option; see the libcurl documentation for more details on the format
+  of this list.
++
+Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` environment variable.
+To force git to use libcurl's default cipher list and ignore any
+explicit http.sslCipherList option, set `GIT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST` to the
+empty string.
+
+http.sslVerify::
+	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Defaults to true. Can be overridden by the
+	`GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY` environment variable.
+
+http.sslCert::
+	File containing the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_CERT` environment
+	variable.
+
+http.sslKey::
+	File containing the SSL private key when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_KEY` environment
+	variable.
+
+http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
+	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
+	`GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED` environment variable.
+
+http.sslCAInfo::
+	File containing the certificates to verify the peer with when
+	fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the
+	`GIT_SSL_CAINFO` environment variable.
+
+http.sslCAPath::
+	Path containing files with the CA certificates to verify the peer
+	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
+	by the `GIT_SSL_CAPATH` environment variable.
+
+http.sslBackend::
+	Name of the SSL backend to use (e.g. "openssl" or "schannel").
+	This option is ignored if cURL lacks support for choosing the SSL
+	backend at runtime.
+
+http.schannelCheckRevoke::
+	Used to enforce or disable certificate revocation checks in cURL
+	when http.sslBackend is set to "schannel". Defaults to `true` if
+	unset. Only necessary to disable this if Git consistently errors
+	and the message is about checking the revocation status of a
+	certificate. This option is ignored if cURL lacks support for
+	setting the relevant SSL option at runtime.
+
+http.schannelUseSSLCAInfo::
+	As of cURL v7.60.0, the Secure Channel backend can use the
+	certificate bundle provided via `http.sslCAInfo`, but that would
+	override the Windows Certificate Store. Since this is not desirable
+	by default, Git will tell cURL not to use that bundle by default
+	when the `schannel` backend was configured via `http.sslBackend`,
+	unless `http.schannelUseSSLCAInfo` overrides this behavior.
+
+http.pinnedpubkey::
+	Public key of the https service. It may either be the filename of
+	a PEM or DER encoded public key file or a string starting with
+	'sha256//' followed by the base64 encoded sha256 hash of the
+	public key. See also libcurl 'CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY'. git will
+	exit with an error if this option is set but not supported by
+	cURL.
+
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
+
+http.maxRequests::
+	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
+	by the `GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS` environment variable. Default is 5.
+
+http.minSessions::
+	The number of curl sessions (counted across slots) to be kept across
+	requests. They will not be ended with curl_easy_cleanup() until
+	http_cleanup() is invoked. If USE_CURL_MULTI is not defined, this
+	value will be capped at 1. Defaults to 1.
+
+http.postBuffer::
+	Maximum size in bytes of the buffer used by smart HTTP
+	transports when POSTing data to the remote system.
+	For requests larger than this buffer size, HTTP/1.1 and
+	Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used to avoid creating a
+	massive pack file locally.  Default is 1 MiB, which is
+	sufficient for most requests.
+
+http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
+	If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
+	for longer than 'http.lowSpeedTime' seconds, the transfer is aborted.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT` and
+	`GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME` environment variables.
+
+http.noEPSV::
+	A boolean which disables using of EPSV ftp command by curl.
+	This can helpful with some "poor" ftp servers which don't
+	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the `GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV`
+	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
+
+http.userAgent::
+	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
+	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
+	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
+	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
+	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT` environment variable.
+
+http.followRedirects::
+	Whether git should follow HTTP redirects. If set to `true`, git
+	will transparently follow any redirect issued by a server it
+	encounters. If set to `false`, git will treat all redirects as
+	errors. If set to `initial`, git will follow redirects only for
+	the initial request to a remote, but not for subsequent
+	follow-up HTTP requests. Since git uses the redirected URL as
+	the base for the follow-up requests, this is generally
+	sufficient. The default is `initial`.
+
+http.<url>.*::
+	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some URLs.
+	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
+	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
++
+--
+. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
+  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
+  This field must match between the config key and the URL. It is
+  possible to specify a `*` as part of the host name to match all subdomains
+  at this level. `https://*.example.com/` for example would match
+  `https://foo.example.com/`, but not `https://foo.bar.example.com/`.
+
+. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
+  default for the scheme before matching.
+
+. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
+  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
+  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
+  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
+  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
+  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
+  key with just path `foo/`).
+
+. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
+  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
+  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
+  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
+  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
+--
++
+The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
+a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
+if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
+`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
+`https://user@example.com`.
++
+All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
+if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
+equivalent URLs that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
+Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The URLs that are
+matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
+visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/i18n.txt b/Documentation/config/i18n.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc25621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/i18n.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+i18n.commitEncoding::
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
+	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
+	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
+	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
+	porcelains). See e.g. linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]. Defaults to 'utf-8'.
+
+i18n.logOutputEncoding::
+	Character encoding the commit messages are converted to when
+	running 'git log' and friends.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/imap.txt b/Documentation/config/imap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06166fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/imap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+imap.folder::
+	The folder to drop the mails into, which is typically the Drafts
+	folder. For example: "INBOX.Drafts", "INBOX/Drafts" or
+	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required.
+
+imap.tunnel::
+	Command used to setup a tunnel to the IMAP server through which
+	commands will be piped instead of using a direct network connection
+	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set.
+
+imap.host::
+	A URL identifying the server. Use an `imap://` prefix for non-secure
+	connections and an `imaps://` prefix for secure connections.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required otherwise.
+
+imap.user::
+	The username to use when logging in to the server.
+
+imap.pass::
+	The password to use when logging in to the server.
+
+imap.port::
+	An integer port number to connect to on the server.
+	Defaults to 143 for imap:// hosts and 993 for imaps:// hosts.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set.
+
+imap.sslverify::
+	A boolean to enable/disable verification of the server certificate
+	used by the SSL/TLS connection. Default is `true`. Ignored when
+	imap.tunnel is set.
+
+imap.preformattedHTML::
+	A boolean to enable/disable the use of html encoding when sending
+	a patch.  An html encoded patch will be bracketed with <pre>
+	and have a content type of text/html.  Ironically, enabling this
+	option causes Thunderbird to send the patch as a plain/text,
+	format=fixed email.  Default is `false`.
+
+imap.authMethod::
+	Specify authenticate method for authentication with IMAP server.
+	If Git was built with the NO_CURL option, or if your curl version is older
+	than 7.34.0, or if you're running git-imap-send with the `--no-curl`
+	option, the only supported method is 'CRAM-MD5'. If this is not set
+	then 'git imap-send' uses the basic IMAP plaintext LOGIN command.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/index.txt b/Documentation/config/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b94b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+index.threads::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when loading the index.
+	This is meant to reduce index load time on multiprocessor machines.
+	Specifying 0 or 'true' will cause Git to auto-detect the number of
+	CPU's and set the number of threads accordingly. Specifying 1 or
+	'false' will disable multithreading. Defaults to 'true'.
+
+index.version::
+	Specify the version with which new index files should be
+	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/init.txt b/Documentation/config/init.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46fa8c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/init.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+init.templateDir::
+	Specify the directory from which templates will be copied.
+	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
diff --git a/Documentation/config/instaweb.txt b/Documentation/config/instaweb.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50cb2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/instaweb.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instaweb.browser::
+	Specify the program that will be used to browse your working
+	repository in gitweb. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+instaweb.httpd::
+	The HTTP daemon command-line to start gitweb on your working
+	repository. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+instaweb.local::
+	If true the web server started by linkgit:git-instaweb[1] will
+	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
+
+instaweb.modulePath::
+	The default module path for linkgit:git-instaweb[1] to use
+	instead of /usr/lib/apache2/modules.  Only used if httpd
+	is Apache.
+
+instaweb.port::
+	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
+	linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/interactive.txt b/Documentation/config/interactive.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad846dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/interactive.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+interactive.singleKey::
+	In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter
+	input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter).
+	Currently this is used by the `--patch` mode of
+	linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1],
+	linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this
+	setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input
+	is not available; requires the Perl module Term::ReadKey.
+
+interactive.diffFilter::
+	When an interactive command (such as `git add --patch`) shows
+	a colorized diff, git will pipe the diff through the shell
+	command defined by this configuration variable. The command may
+	mark up the diff further for human consumption, provided that it
+	retains a one-to-one correspondence with the lines in the
+	original diff. Defaults to disabled (no filtering).
diff --git a/Documentation/config/log.txt b/Documentation/config/log.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d9e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/log.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+log.abbrevCommit::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--abbrev-commit`. You may
+	override this option with `--no-abbrev-commit`.
+
+log.date::
+	Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command.
+	Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s
+	`--date` option.  See linkgit:git-log[1] for details.
+
+log.decorate::
+	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown by the log
+	command. If 'short' is specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/',
+	'refs/tags/' and 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is
+	specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed.
+	If 'auto' is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal,
+	the ref names are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref
+	names are shown. This is the same as the `--decorate` option
+	of the `git log`.
+
+log.follow::
+	If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
+	a single <path> is given.  This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
+	i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
+	on non-linear history.
+
+log.graphColors::
+	A list of colors, separated by commas, that can be used to draw
+	history lines in `git log --graph`.
+
+log.showRoot::
+	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
+	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
+	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
+	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
+
+log.showSignature::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--show-signature`.
+
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/config/mailinfo.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3854d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/mailinfo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+mailinfo.scissors::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-mailinfo[1] (and therefore
+	linkgit:git-am[1]) act by default as if the --scissors option
+	was provided on the command-line. When active, this features
+	removes everything from the message body before a scissors
+	line (i.e. consisting mainly of ">8", "8<" and "-").
diff --git a/Documentation/config/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/config/mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48cbc30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+mailmap.file::
+	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
+	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
+	first, then the mailmap file pointed to by this variable.
+	The location of the mailmap file may be in a repository
+	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
+	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
+
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/man.txt b/Documentation/config/man.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a727d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/man.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+man.viewer::
+	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
+	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
+man.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified man viewer. The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the man page
+	passed as argument. (See linkgit:git-help[1].)
+
+man.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
+	display help in the 'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/config/merge.txt
similarity index 97%
rename from Documentation/merge-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/merge.txt
index a7f4ea9..d389c73 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/merge.txt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	If true, this is equivalent to the --verify-signatures command
 	line option. See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details.
 
-include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[]
+include::fmt-merge-msg.txt[]
 
 merge.renameLimit::
 	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires that a
 	corresponding mergetool.<guitool>.cmd variable is defined.
 
-include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
+include::../mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
diff --git a/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09ed31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+mergetool.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
+	your tool is not in the PATH.
+
+mergetool.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified merge tool.  The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
+	variables available: 'BASE' is the name of a temporary file
+	containing the common base of the files to be merged, if available;
+	'LOCAL' is the name of a temporary file containing the contents of
+	the file on the current branch; 'REMOTE' is the name of a temporary
+	file containing the contents of the file from the branch being
+	merged; 'MERGED' contains the name of the file to which the merge
+	tool should write the results of a successful merge.
+
+mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode::
+	For a custom merge command, specify whether the exit code of
+	the merge command can be used to determine whether the merge was
+	successful.  If this is not set to true then the merge target file
+	timestamp is checked and the merge assumed to have been successful
+	if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to
+	indicate the success of the merge.
+
+mergetool.meld.hasOutput::
+	Older versions of `meld` do not support the `--output` option.
+	Git will attempt to detect whether `meld` supports `--output`
+	by inspecting the output of `meld --help`.  Configuring
+	`mergetool.meld.hasOutput` will make Git skip these checks and
+	use the configured value instead.  Setting `mergetool.meld.hasOutput`
+	to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option,
+	and `false` avoids using `--output`.
+
+mergetool.keepBackup::
+	After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
+	can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension.  If this variable
+	is set to `false` then this file is not preserved.  Defaults to
+	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
+
+mergetool.keepTemporaries::
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
+	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
+	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
+	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
+	exited. Defaults to `false`.
+
+mergetool.writeToTemp::
+	Git writes temporary 'BASE', 'LOCAL', and 'REMOTE' versions of
+	conflicting files in the worktree by default.  Git will attempt
+	to use a temporary directory for these files when set `true`.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
+mergetool.prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/notes.txt b/Documentation/config/notes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeef56d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/notes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+notes.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
+	conflicts.  Must be one of `manual`, `ours`, `theirs`, `union`, or
+	`cat_sort_uniq`.  Defaults to `manual`.  See "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
+	section of linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on each strategy.
+
+notes.<name>.mergeStrategy::
+	Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
+	refs/notes/<name>.  This overrides the more general
+	"notes.mergeStrategy".  See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section in
+	linkgit:git-notes[1] for more information on the available strategies.
+
+notes.displayRef::
+	The (fully qualified) refname from which to show notes when
+	showing commit messages.  The value of this variable can be set
+	to a glob, in which case notes from all matching refs will be
+	shown.  You may also specify this configuration variable
+	several times.  A warning will be issued for refs that do not
+	exist, but a glob that does not match any refs is silently
+	ignored.
++
+This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF`
+environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
+globs.
++
+The effective value of "core.notesRef" (possibly overridden by
+GIT_NOTES_REF) is also implicitly added to the list of refs to be
+displayed.
+
+notes.rewrite.<command>::
+	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
+	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
+	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
+	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
+
+notes.rewriteMode::
+	When copying notes during a rewrite (see the
+	"notes.rewrite.<command>" option), determines what to do if
+	the target commit already has a note.  Must be one of
+	`overwrite`, `concatenate`, `cat_sort_uniq`, or `ignore`.
+	Defaults to `concatenate`.
++
+This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE`
+environment variable.
+
+notes.rewriteRef::
+	When copying notes during a rewrite, specifies the (fully
+	qualified) ref whose notes should be copied.  The ref may be a
+	glob, in which case notes in all matching refs will be copied.
+	You may also specify this configuration several times.
++
+Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to
+enable note rewriting.  Set it to `refs/notes/commits` to enable
+rewriting for the default commit notes.
++
+This setting can be overridden with the `GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF`
+environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
+globs.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edac75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+pack.window::
+	The size of the window used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
+	window size is given on the command line. Defaults to 10.
+
+pack.depth::
+	The maximum delta depth used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
+	maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50.
+	Maximum value is 4095.
+
+pack.windowMemory::
+	The maximum size of memory that is consumed by each thread
+	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] for pack window memory when
+	no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
+	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  When left unconfigured (or
+	set explicitly to 0), there will be no limit.
+
+pack.compression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects
+	in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
+	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
+	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
+	not set,  defaults to -1, the zlib default, which is "a default
+	compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent
+	to level 6)."
++
+Note that changing the compression level will not automatically recompress
+all existing objects. You can force recompression by passing the -F option
+to linkgit:git-repack[1].
+
+pack.island::
+	An extended regular expression configuring a set of delta
+	islands. See "DELTA ISLANDS" in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+	for details.
+
+pack.islandCore::
+	Specify an island name which gets to have its objects be
+	packed first. This creates a kind of pseudo-pack at the front
+	of one pack, so that the objects from the specified island are
+	hopefully faster to copy into any pack that should be served
+	to a user requesting these objects. In practice this means
+	that the island specified should likely correspond to what is
+	the most commonly cloned in the repo. See also "DELTA ISLANDS"
+	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
+
+pack.deltaCacheSize::
+	The maximum memory in bytes used for caching deltas in
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] before writing them out to a pack.
+	This cache is used to speed up the writing object phase by not
+	having to recompute the final delta result once the best match
+	for all objects is found.  Repacking large repositories on machines
+	which are tight with memory might be badly impacted by this though,
+	especially if this cache pushes the system into swapping.
+	A value of 0 means no limit. The smallest size of 1 byte may be
+	used to virtually disable this cache. Defaults to 256 MiB.
+
+pack.deltaCacheLimit::
+	The maximum size of a delta, that is cached in
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]. This cache is used to speed up the
+	writing object phase by not having to recompute the final delta
+	result once the best match for all objects is found.
+	Defaults to 1000. Maximum value is 65535.
+
+pack.threads::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
+	delta matches.  This requires that linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+	be compiled with pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a
+	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
+	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
+	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	and set the number of threads accordingly.
+
+pack.indexVersion::
+	Specify the default pack index version.  Valid values are 1 for
+	legacy pack index used by Git versions prior to 1.5.2, and 2 for
+	the new pack index with capabilities for packs larger than 4 GB
+	as well as proper protection against the repacking of corrupted
+	packs.  Version 2 is the default.  Note that version 2 is enforced
+	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
+	larger than 2 GB.
++
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
+cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http")
+that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
+other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
+the `*.idx` file.
+
+pack.packSizeLimit::
+	The maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
+	packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol
+	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size`
+	option of linkgit:git-repack[1].  Reaching this limit results
+	in the creation of multiple packfiles; which in turn prevents
+	bitmaps from being created.
+	The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
+	The default is unlimited.
+	Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are
+	supported.
+
+pack.useBitmaps::
+	When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing
+	to stdout (e.g., during the server side of a fetch). Defaults to
+	true. You should not generally need to turn this off unless
+	you are debugging pack bitmaps.
+
+pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
+	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
+
+pack.writeBitmapHashCache::
+	When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap
+	index (if one is written). This cache can be used to feed git's
+	delta heuristics, potentially leading to better deltas between
+	bitmapped and non-bitmapped objects (e.g., when serving a fetch
+	between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been
+	pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4
+	bytes per object of disk space, and that JGit's bitmap
+	implementation does not understand it, causing it to complain if
+	Git and JGit are used on the same repository. Defaults to false.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pager.txt b/Documentation/config/pager.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3731cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/pager.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pager.<cmd>::
+	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
+	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
+	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for all
+	commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pretty.txt b/Documentation/config/pretty.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..063c6b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/pretty.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pretty.<name>::
+	Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in
+	linkgit:git-log[1]. Any aliases defined here can be used just
+	as the built-in pretty formats could. For example,
+	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:* %H %s"`
+	would cause the invocation `git log --pretty=changelog`
+	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:* %H %s"`.
+	Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format
+	will be silently ignored.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/protocol.txt b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfccc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+protocol.allow::
+	If set, provide a user defined default policy for all protocols which
+	don't explicitly have a policy (`protocol.<name>.allow`).  By default,
+	if unset, known-safe protocols (http, https, git, ssh, file) have a
+	default policy of `always`, known-dangerous protocols (ext) have a
+	default policy of `never`, and all other protocols have a default
+	policy of `user`.  Supported policies:
++
+--
+
+* `always` - protocol is always able to be used.
+
+* `never` - protocol is never able to be used.
+
+* `user` - protocol is only able to be used when `GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER` is
+  either unset or has a value of 1.  This policy should be used when you want a
+  protocol to be directly usable by the user but don't want it used by commands which
+  execute clone/fetch/push commands without user input, e.g. recursive
+  submodule initialization.
+
+--
+
+protocol.<name>.allow::
+	Set a policy to be used by protocol `<name>` with clone/fetch/push
+	commands. See `protocol.allow` above for the available policies.
++
+The protocol names currently used by git are:
++
+--
+  - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
+    or local paths)
+
+  - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
+    connection (or proxy, if configured)
+
+  - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
+    `ssh://`, etc).
+
+  - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
+    Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want to configure
+    both, you must do so individually.
+
+  - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
+    `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
+--
+
+protocol.version::
+	Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a
+	server using the specified protocol version.  If unset, no
+	attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a
+	particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0
+	being used.
+	Supported versions:
++
+--
+
+* `0` - the original wire protocol.
+
+* `1` - the original wire protocol with the addition of a version string
+  in the initial response from the server.
+
+* `2` - link:technical/protocol-v2.html[wire protocol version 2].
+
+--
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-config.txt b/Documentation/config/pull.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/pull-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/pull.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/push-config.txt b/Documentation/config/push.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/push-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/push.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/rebase-config.txt b/Documentation/config/rebase.txt
similarity index 75%
rename from Documentation/rebase-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/rebase.txt
index 42e1ba7..f079bf6 100644
--- a/Documentation/rebase-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/rebase.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+rebase.useBuiltin::
+	Set to `false` to use the legacy shellscript implementation of
+	linkgit:git-rebase[1]. Is `true` by default, which means use
+	the built-in rewrite of it in C.
++
+The C rewrite is first included with Git version 2.20. This option
+serves an an escape hatch to re-enable the legacy version in case any
+bugs are found in the rewrite. This option and the shellscript version
+of linkgit:git-rebase[1] will be removed in some future release.
++
+If you find some reason to set this option to `false` other than
+one-off testing you should report the behavior difference as a bug in
+git.
+
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
diff --git a/Documentation/receive-config.txt b/Documentation/config/receive.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/receive-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/receive.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/remote.txt b/Documentation/config/remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c4cad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+remote.pushDefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushRemote` for specific branches.
+
+remote.<name>.url::
+	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
+	linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.pushurl::
+	The push URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.proxy::
+	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the URL to
+	the proxy to use for that remote.  Set to the empty string to
+	disable proxying for that remote.
+
+remote.<name>.proxyAuthMethod::
+	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the method to use for
+	authenticating against the proxy in use (probably set in
+	`remote.<name>.proxy`). See `http.proxyAuthMethod`.
+
+remote.<name>.fetch::
+	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-fetch[1]. See
+	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+remote.<name>.push::
+	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-push[1]. See
+	linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.mirror::
+	If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave
+	as if the `--mirror` option was given on the command line.
+
+remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
+	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
+	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
+	linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+remote.<name>.skipFetchAll::
+	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
+	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
+	linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+remote.<name>.receivepack::
+	The default program to execute on the remote side when pushing.  See
+	option --receive-pack of linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.uploadpack::
+	The default program to execute on the remote side when fetching.  See
+	option --upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
+
+remote.<name>.tagOpt::
+	Setting this value to --no-tags disables automatic tag following when
+	fetching from remote <name>. Setting it to --tags will fetch every
+	tag from remote <name>, even if they are not reachable from remote
+	branch heads. Passing these flags directly to linkgit:git-fetch[1] can
+	override this setting. See options --tags and --no-tags of
+	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+remote.<name>.vcs::
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
+	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
+
+remote.<name>.prune::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the
+	remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line).
+	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+
+remote.<name>.pruneTags::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any local tags that no longer exist on the remote if pruning
+	is activated in general via `remote.<name>.prune`, `fetch.prune` or
+	`--prune`. Overrides `fetch.pruneTags` settings, if any.
++
+See also `remote.<name>.prune` and the PRUNING section of
+linkgit:git-fetch[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/remotes.txt b/Documentation/config/remotes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cfe032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/remotes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+remotes.<group>::
+	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
+	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/repack.txt b/Documentation/config/repack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5c3781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/repack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+repack.useDeltaBaseOffset::
+	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
+	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
+	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
+
+repack.packKeptObjects::
+	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if
+	`--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for
+	details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap
+	index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or
+	`repack.writeBitmaps`).
+
+repack.useDeltaIslands::
+	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if `--delta-islands`
+	was passed. Defaults to `false`.
+
+repack.writeBitmaps::
+	When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all
+	objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run).  This
+	index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent
+	packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk
+	space and extra time spent on the initial repack.  This has
+	no effect if multiple packfiles are created.
+	Defaults to false.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/rerere.txt b/Documentation/config/rerere.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40abdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/rerere.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+rerere.autoUpdate::
+	When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the
+	resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using
+	previously recorded resolution.  Defaults to false.
+
+rerere.enabled::
+	Activate recording of resolved conflicts, so that identical
+	conflict hunks can be resolved automatically, should they be
+	encountered again.  By default, linkgit:git-rerere[1] is
+	enabled if there is an `rr-cache` directory under the
+	`$GIT_DIR`, e.g. if "rerere" was previously used in the
+	repository.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/reset.txt b/Documentation/config/reset.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b7c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/reset.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+reset.quiet::
+	When set to true, 'git reset' will default to the '--quiet' option.
diff --git a/Documentation/sendemail-config.txt b/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/sendemail-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/sendemail.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/sequencer.txt b/Documentation/config/sequencer.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b48d532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/sequencer.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+sequence.editor::
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
+	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
+	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
+	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/showbranch.txt b/Documentation/config/showbranch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79ecd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/showbranch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+showBranch.default::
+	The default set of branches for linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
+	See linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/splitindex.txt b/Documentation/config/splitindex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afdb186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/splitindex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+splitIndex.maxPercentChange::
+	When the split index feature is used, this specifies the
+	percent of entries the split index can contain compared to the
+	total number of entries in both the split index and the shared
+	index before a new shared index is written.
+	The value should be between 0 and 100. If the value is 0 then
+	a new shared index is always written, if it is 100 a new
+	shared index is never written.
+	By default the value is 20, so a new shared index is written
+	if the number of entries in the split index would be greater
+	than 20 percent of the total number of entries.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+
+splitIndex.sharedIndexExpire::
+	When the split index feature is used, shared index files that
+	were not modified since the time this variable specifies will
+	be removed when a new shared index file is created. The value
+	"now" expires all entries immediately, and "never" suppresses
+	expiration altogether.
+	The default value is "2.weeks.ago".
+	Note that a shared index file is considered modified (for the
+	purpose of expiration) each time a new split-index file is
+	either created based on it or read from it.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/ssh.txt b/Documentation/config/ssh.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca4bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/ssh.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+ssh.variant::
+	By default, Git determines the command line arguments to use
+	based on the basename of the configured SSH command (configured
+	using the environment variable `GIT_SSH` or `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` or
+	the config setting `core.sshCommand`). If the basename is
+	unrecognized, Git will attempt to detect support of OpenSSH
+	options by first invoking the configured SSH command with the
+	`-G` (print configuration) option and will subsequently use
+	OpenSSH options (if that is successful) or no options besides
+	the host and remote command (if it fails).
++
+The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this detection.
+Valid values are `ssh` (to use OpenSSH options), `plink`, `putty`,
+`tortoiseplink`, `simple` (no options except the host and remote command).
+The default auto-detection can be explicitly requested using the value
+`auto`.  Any other value is treated as `ssh`.  This setting can also be
+overridden via the environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`.
++
+The current command-line parameters used for each variant are as
+follows:
++
+--
+
+* `ssh` - [-p port] [-4] [-6] [-o option] [username@]host command
+
+* `simple` - [username@]host command
+
+* `plink` or `putty` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] [username@]host command
+
+* `tortoiseplink` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] -batch [username@]host command
+
+--
++
+Except for the `simple` variant, command-line parameters are likely to
+change as git gains new features.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/stash.txt b/Documentation/config/stash.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c583d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/stash.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+stash.showPatch::
+	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
+	option will show the stash entry in patch form.  Defaults to false.
+	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
+
+stash.showStat::
+	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
+	option will show diffstat of the stash entry.  Defaults to true.
+	See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/status.txt b/Documentation/config/status.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed72fa7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/status.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+status.relativePaths::
+	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
+	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
+	prior to v1.5.4).
+
+status.short::
+	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.branch::
+	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.displayCommentPrefix::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
+	prefix before each output line (starting with
+	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
+	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+status.renameLimit::
+	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
+	in linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1]. Defaults to
+	the value of diff.renameLimit.
+
+status.renames::
+	Whether and how Git detects renames in linkgit:git-status[1] and
+	linkgit:git-commit[1] .  If set to "false", rename detection is
+	disabled. If set to "true", basic rename detection is enabled.
+	If set to "copies" or "copy", Git will detect copies, as well.
+	Defaults to the value of diff.renames.
+
+status.showStash::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will display the number of
+	entries currently stashed away.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+status.showUntrackedFiles::
+	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
+	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
+	contain only untracked files, are shown with the directory name
+	only. Showing untracked files means that Git needs to lstat() all
+	the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
+	systems. So, this variable controls how the commands displays
+	the untracked files. Possible values are:
++
+--
+* `no` - Show no untracked files.
+* `normal` - Show untracked files and directories.
+* `all` - Show also individual files in untracked directories.
+--
++
+If this variable is not specified, it defaults to 'normal'.
+This variable can be overridden with the -u|--untracked-files option
+of linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1].
+
+status.submoduleSummary::
+	Defaults to false.
+	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
+	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
+	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
+	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
+	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
+	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. The only
+	exception to that rule is that status and commit will show staged
+	submodule changes. To
+	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
+	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git
+	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
+	not honor these settings.
diff --git a/Documentation/submodule-config.txt b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Documentation/submodule-config.txt
rename to Documentation/config/submodule.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/config/tag.txt b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663663b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+tag.forceSignAnnotated::
+	A boolean to specify whether annotated tags created should be GPG signed.
+	If `--annotate` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	precedence over this option.
+
+tag.sort::
+	This variable controls the sort ordering of tags when displayed by
+	linkgit:git-tag[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
+	value of this variable will be used as the default.
+
+tar.umask::
+	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
+	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
+	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) and
+	linkgit:git-archive[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/transfer.txt b/Documentation/config/transfer.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5dfe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/transfer.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+transfer.fsckObjects::
+	When `fetch.fsckObjects` or `receive.fsckObjects` are
+	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
+	Defaults to false.
++
+When set, the fetch or receive will abort in the case of a malformed
+object or a link to a nonexistent object. In addition, various other
+issues are checked for, including legacy issues (see `fsck.<msg-id>`),
+and potential security issues like the existence of a `.GIT` directory
+or a malicious `.gitmodules` file (see the release notes for v2.2.1
+and v2.17.1 for details). Other sanity and security checks may be
+added in future releases.
++
+On the receiving side, failing fsckObjects will make those objects
+unreachable, see "QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENT" in
+linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. On the fetch side, malformed objects will
+instead be left unreferenced in the repository.
++
+Due to the non-quarantine nature of the `fetch.fsckObjects`
+implementation it can not be relied upon to leave the object store
+clean like `receive.fsckObjects` can.
++
+As objects are unpacked they're written to the object store, so there
+can be cases where malicious objects get introduced even though the
+"fetch" failed, only to have a subsequent "fetch" succeed because only
+new incoming objects are checked, not those that have already been
+written to the object store. That difference in behavior should not be
+relied upon. In the future, such objects may be quarantined for
+"fetch" as well.
++
+For now, the paranoid need to find some way to emulate the quarantine
+environment if they'd like the same protection as "push". E.g. in the
+case of an internal mirror do the mirroring in two steps, one to fetch
+the untrusted objects, and then do a second "push" (which will use the
+quarantine) to another internal repo, and have internal clients
+consume this pushed-to repository, or embargo internal fetches and
+only allow them once a full "fsck" has run (and no new fetches have
+happened in the meantime).
+
+transfer.hideRefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` and `upload-pack` use to decide which
+	refs to omit from their initial advertisements.  Use more than
+	one definition to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that is
+	under the hierarchies listed in the value of this variable is
+	excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git push` or `git
+	fetch`.  See `receive.hideRefs` and `uploadpack.hideRefs` for
+	program-specific versions of this config.
++
+You may also include a `!` in front of the ref name to negate the entry,
+explicitly exposing it, even if an earlier entry marked it as hidden.
+If you have multiple hideRefs values, later entries override earlier ones
+(and entries in more-specific config files override less-specific ones).
++
+If a namespace is in use, the namespace prefix is stripped from each
+reference before it is matched against `transfer.hiderefs` patterns.
+For example, if `refs/heads/master` is specified in `transfer.hideRefs` and
+the current namespace is `foo`, then `refs/namespaces/foo/refs/heads/master`
+is omitted from the advertisements but `refs/heads/master` and
+`refs/namespaces/bar/refs/heads/master` are still advertised as so-called
+"have" lines. In order to match refs before stripping, add a `^` in front of
+the ref name. If you combine `!` and `^`, `!` must be specified first.
++
+Even if you hide refs, a client may still be able to steal the target
+objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY" section of the
+linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to keep private data in a
+separate repository.
+
+transfer.unpackLimit::
+	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
+	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
+	The default value is 100.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/uploadarchive.txt b/Documentation/config/uploadarchive.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0698e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/uploadarchive.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+uploadarchive.allowUnreachable::
+	If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request
+	any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the
+	discussion in the "SECURITY" section of
+	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to
+	`false`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed1c835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+uploadpack.hideRefs::
+	This variable is the same as `transfer.hideRefs`, but applies
+	only to `upload-pack` (and so affects only fetches, not pushes).
+	An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git fetch` will fail.  See
+	also `uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant::
+	When `uploadpack.hideRefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	See also `uploadpack.hideRefs`.  Even if this is false, a client
+	may be able to steal objects via the techniques described in the
+	"SECURITY" section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's
+	best to keep private data in a separate repository.
+
+uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant::
+	Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for an
+	object that is reachable from any ref tip. However, note that
+	calculating object reachability is computationally expensive.
+	Defaults to `false`.  Even if this is false, a client may be able
+	to steal objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY"
+	section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to
+	keep private data in a separate repository.
+
+uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant::
+	Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for any
+	object at all.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
+uploadpack.keepAlive::
+	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
+	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
+	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
+	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
+	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
+	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
+	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
+	`uploadpack.keepAlive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
+	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
+
+uploadpack.packObjectsHook::
+	If this option is set, when `upload-pack` would run
+	`git pack-objects` to create a packfile for a client, it will
+	run this shell command instead.  The `pack-objects` command and
+	arguments it _would_ have run (including the `git pack-objects`
+	at the beginning) are appended to the shell command. The stdin
+	and stdout of the hook are treated as if `pack-objects` itself
+	was run. I.e., `upload-pack` will feed input intended for
+	`pack-objects` to the hook, and expects a completed packfile on
+	stdout.
++
+Note that this configuration variable is ignored if it is seen in the
+repository-level config (this is a safety measure against fetching from
+untrusted repositories).
+
+uploadpack.allowFilter::
+	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support partial
+	clone and partial fetch object filtering.
+
+uploadpack.allowRefInWant::
+	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support the `ref-in-want`
+	feature of the protocol version 2 `fetch` command.  This feature
+	is intended for the benefit of load-balanced servers which may
+	not have the same view of what OIDs their refs point to due to
+	replication delay.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/url.txt b/Documentation/config/url.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5566c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/url.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+url.<base>.insteadOf::
+	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
+	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
+	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
+	access methods, and some users need to use different access
+	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
+	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
+	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
++
+Note that any protocol restrictions will be applied to the rewritten
+URL. If the rewrite changes the URL to use a custom protocol or remote
+helper, you may need to adjust the `protocol.*.allow` config to permit
+the request.  In particular, protocols you expect to use for submodules
+must be set to `always` rather than the default of `user`. See the
+description of `protocol.allow` above.
+
+url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
+	Any URL that starts with this value will not be pushed to;
+	instead, it will be rewritten to start with <base>, and the
+	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
+	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
+	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
+	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
+	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
+	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
+	setting for that remote.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/user.txt b/Documentation/config/user.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5b2ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/user.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+user.email::
+	Your email address to be recorded in any newly created commits.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`, `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`, and
+	`EMAIL` environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
+
+user.name::
+	Your full name to be recorded in any newly created commits.
+	Can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME` and `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`
+	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
+
+user.useConfigOnly::
+	Instruct Git to avoid trying to guess defaults for `user.email`
+	and `user.name`, and instead retrieve the values only from the
+	configuration. For example, if you have multiple email addresses
+	and would like to use a different one for each repository, then
+	with this configuration option set to `true` in the global config
+	along with a name, Git will prompt you to set up an email before
+	making new commits in a newly cloned repository.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
+user.signingKey::
+	If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the
+	key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or
+	commit, you can override the default selection with this variable.
+	This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter,
+	so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/versionsort.txt b/Documentation/config/versionsort.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c7cc05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/versionsort.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+versionsort.prereleaseSuffix (deprecated)::
+	Deprecated alias for `versionsort.suffix`.  Ignored if
+	`versionsort.suffix` is set.
+
+versionsort.suffix::
+	Even when version sort is used in linkgit:git-tag[1], tagnames
+	with the same base version but different suffixes are still sorted
+	lexicographically, resulting e.g. in prerelease tags appearing
+	after the main release (e.g. "1.0-rc1" after "1.0").  This
+	variable can be specified to determine the sorting order of tags
+	with different suffixes.
++
+By specifying a single suffix in this variable, any tagname containing
+that suffix will appear before the corresponding main release.  E.g. if
+the variable is set to "-rc", then all "1.0-rcX" tags will appear before
+"1.0".  If specified multiple times, once per suffix, then the order of
+suffixes in the configuration will determine the sorting order of tagnames
+with those suffixes.  E.g. if "-pre" appears before "-rc" in the
+configuration, then all "1.0-preX" tags will be listed before any
+"1.0-rcX" tags.  The placement of the main release tag relative to tags
+with various suffixes can be determined by specifying the empty suffix
+among those other suffixes.  E.g. if the suffixes "-rc", "", "-ck" and
+"-bfs" appear in the configuration in this order, then all "v4.8-rcX" tags
+are listed first, followed by "v4.8", then "v4.8-ckX" and finally
+"v4.8-bfsX".
++
+If more than one suffixes match the same tagname, then that tagname will
+be sorted according to the suffix which starts at the earliest position in
+the tagname.  If more than one different matching suffixes start at
+that earliest position, then that tagname will be sorted according to the
+longest of those suffixes.
+The sorting order between different suffixes is undefined if they are
+in multiple config files.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/web.txt b/Documentation/config/web.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..beec8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/web.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+web.browser::
+	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
+	Currently only linkgit:git-instaweb[1] and linkgit:git-help[1]
+	may use it.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/worktree.txt b/Documentation/config/worktree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b853798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/worktree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+worktree.guessRemote::
+	With `add`, if no branch argument, and neither of `-b` nor
+	`-B` nor `--detach` are given, the command defaults to
+	creating a new branch from HEAD.  If `worktree.guessRemote` is
+	set to true, `worktree add` tries to find a remote-tracking
+	branch whose name uniquely matches the new branch name.  If
+	such a branch exists, it is checked out and set as "upstream"
+	for the new branch.  If no such match can be found, it falls
+	back to creating a new branch from the current HEAD.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index 5e87d82..1bfe9f5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -45,13 +45,15 @@
 
 When reading, the values are read from the system, global and
 repository local configuration files by default, and options
-`--system`, `--global`, `--local` and `--file <filename>` can be
-used to tell the command to read from only that location (see <<FILES>>).
+`--system`, `--global`, `--local`, `--worktree` and
+`--file <filename>` can be used to tell the command to read from only
+that location (see <<FILES>>).
 
 When writing, the new value is written to the repository local
 configuration file by default, and options `--system`, `--global`,
-`--file <filename>` can be used to tell the command to write to
-that location (you can say `--local` but that is the default).
+`--worktree`, `--file <filename>` can be used to tell the command to
+write to that location (you can say `--local` but that is the
+default).
 
 This command will fail with non-zero status upon error.  Some exit
 codes are:
@@ -131,6 +133,11 @@
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
+--worktree::
+	Similar to `--local` except that `.git/config.worktree` is
+	read from or written to if `extensions.worktreeConfig` is
+	present. If not it's the same as `--local`.
+
 -f config-file::
 --file config-file::
 	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
@@ -281,6 +288,10 @@
 $GIT_DIR/config::
 	Repository specific configuration file.
 
+$GIT_DIR/config.worktree::
+	This is optional and is only searched when
+	`extensions.worktreeConfig` is present in $GIT_DIR/config.
+
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
 file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
@@ -299,9 +310,10 @@
 and `--unset`. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
 
 You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment
-variables. The `--global` and the `--system` options will limit the file used
-to the global or system-wide file respectively. The `GIT_CONFIG` environment
-variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want.
+variables. The `--global`, `--system` and `--worktree` options will limit
+the file used to the global, system-wide or per-worktree file respectively.
+The `GIT_CONFIG` environment variable has a similar effect, but you
+can specify any filename you want.
 
 
 ENVIRONMENT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 423b6e0..6793d8f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
-include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[]
+include::config/fmt-merge-msg.txt[]
 
 merge.summary::
 	Synonym to `merge.log`; this is deprecated and will be removed in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
index 7b15744..65b53fc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
@@ -57,50 +57,7 @@
 Variables
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
-imap.folder::
-	The folder to drop the mails into, which is typically the Drafts
-	folder. For example: "INBOX.Drafts", "INBOX/Drafts" or
-	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required.
-
-imap.tunnel::
-	Command used to setup a tunnel to the IMAP server through which
-	commands will be piped instead of using a direct network connection
-	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set.
-
-imap.host::
-	A URL identifying the server. Use an `imap://` prefix for non-secure
-	connections and an `imaps://` prefix for secure connections.
-	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required otherwise.
-
-imap.user::
-	The username to use when logging in to the server.
-
-imap.pass::
-	The password to use when logging in to the server.
-
-imap.port::
-	An integer port number to connect to on the server.
-	Defaults to 143 for imap:// hosts and 993 for imaps:// hosts.
-	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set.
-
-imap.sslverify::
-	A boolean to enable/disable verification of the server certificate
-	used by the SSL/TLS connection. Default is `true`. Ignored when
-	imap.tunnel is set.
-
-imap.preformattedHTML::
-	A boolean to enable/disable the use of html encoding when sending
-	a patch.  An html encoded patch will be bracketed with <pre>
-	and have a content type of text/html.  Ironically, enabling this
-	option causes Thunderbird to send the patch as a plain/text,
-	format=fixed email.  Default is `false`.
-
-imap.authMethod::
-	Specify authenticate method for authentication with IMAP server.
-	If Git was built with the NO_CURL option, or if your curl version is older
-	than 7.34.0, or if you're running git-imap-send with the `--no-curl`
-	option, the only supported method is 'CRAM-MD5'. If this is not set
-	then 'git imap-send' uses the basic IMAP plaintext LOGIN command.
+include::config/imap.txt[]
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index eb36837..4cc8646 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
-include::merge-config.txt[]
+include::config/merge.txt[]
 
 branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
index f693930..8a6ea2c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
@@ -78,6 +78,23 @@
 corresponding old/new commits. There is currently no means to tweak the
 diff options passed to `git log` when generating those patches.
 
+OUTPUT STABILITY
+----------------
+
+The output of the `range-diff` command is subject to change. It is
+intended to be human-readable porcelain output, not something that can
+be used across versions of Git to get a textually stable `range-diff`
+(as opposed to something like the `--stable` option to
+linkgit:git-patch-id[1]). There's also no equivalent of
+linkgit:git-apply[1] for `range-diff`, the output is not intended to
+be machine-readable.
+
+This is particularly true when passing in diff options. Currently some
+options like `--stat` can, as an emergent effect, produce output
+that's quite useless in the context of `range-diff`. Future versions
+of `range-diff` may learn to interpret such options in a manner
+specific to `range-diff` (e.g. for `--stat` producing human-readable
+output which summarizes how the diffstat changed).
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 3407d83..80793ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
-include::rebase-config.txt[]
+include::config/rebase.txt[]
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 472a680..ff487ff 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>]
 'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
 	[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]
-	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...]
+	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]
 'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref]
 	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}...
 'git reflog exists' <ref>
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@
 --all::
 	Process the reflogs of all references.
 
+--single-worktree::
+	By default when `--all` is specified, reflogs from all working
+	trees are processed. This option limits the processing to reflogs
+	from the current working tree only.
+
 --expire=<time>::
 	Prune entries older than the specified time. If this option is
 	not specified, the expiration time is taken from the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 1d697d9..2dac95c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
-	Be quiet, only report errors.
+--no-quiet::
+	Be quiet, only report errors. The default behavior is set by the
+	`reset.quiet` config option. `--quiet` and `--no-quiet` will
+	override the default behavior.
 
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index f6010ac..62c6c76 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -190,7 +190,9 @@
 If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the
 SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism
 is used for authentication. If neither 'sendemail.smtpAuth' nor `--smtp-auth`
-is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used.
+is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used. The
+special value 'none' maybe specified to completely disable authentication
+independently of `--smtp-user`
 
 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
 	Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
@@ -204,6 +206,9 @@
 specified (with `--smtp-pass` or `sendemail.smtpPass`), then
 a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
+--no-smtp-auth::
+	Disable SMTP authentication. Short hand for `--smtp-auth=none`
+
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
 	`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address).  Alternatively it can
diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
index 7352043..cb86318 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
@@ -204,6 +204,65 @@
 you only have two working trees, at "/abc/def/ghi" and "/abc/def/ggg",
 then "ghi" or "def/ghi" is enough to point to the former working tree.
 
+REFS
+----
+In multiple working trees, some refs may be shared between all working
+trees, some refs are local. One example is HEAD is different for all
+working trees. This section is about the sharing rules and how to access
+refs of one working tree from another.
+
+In general, all pseudo refs are per working tree and all refs starting
+with "refs/" are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like HEAD which are
+directly under GIT_DIR instead of inside GIT_DIR/refs. There are one
+exception to this: refs inside refs/bisect and refs/worktree is not
+shared.
+
+Refs that are per working tree can still be accessed from another
+working tree via two special paths, main-worktree and worktrees. The
+former gives access to per-worktree refs of the main working tree,
+while the latter to all linked working trees.
+
+For example, main-worktree/HEAD or main-worktree/refs/bisect/good
+resolve to the same value as the main working tree's HEAD and
+refs/bisect/good respectively. Similarly, worktrees/foo/HEAD or
+worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad are the same as
+GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD and
+GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad.
+
+To access refs, it's best not to look inside GIT_DIR directly. Instead
+use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
+which will handle refs correctly.
+
+CONFIGURATION FILE
+------------------
+By default, the repository "config" file is shared across all working
+trees. If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are
+already present in the config file, they will be applied to the main
+working trees only.
+
+In order to have configuration specific to working trees, you can turn
+on "worktreeConfig" extension, e.g.:
+
+------------
+$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true
+------------
+
+In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git
+rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update
+configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git
+versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension.
+
+Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree`
+is gone. If you have them in $GIT_DIR/config before, you must move
+them to the `config.worktree` of the main working tree. You may also
+take this opportunity to review and move other configuration that you
+do not want to share to all working trees:
+
+ - `core.worktree` and `core.bare` should never be shared
+
+ - `core.sparseCheckout` is recommended per working tree, unless you
+   are sure you always use sparse checkout for all working trees.
+
 DETAILS
 -------
 Each linked working tree has a private sub-directory in the repository's
@@ -228,7 +287,8 @@
 `/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git
 rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses
 $GIT_COMMON_DIR and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
-since refs are shared across all working trees.
+since refs are shared across all working trees, except refs/bisect and
+refs/worktree.
 
 See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of
 thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to
@@ -253,6 +313,9 @@
 `test-next` entry from being pruned.  See
 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details.
 
+When extensions.worktreeConfig is enabled, the config file
+`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is.
+
 LIST OUTPUT FORMAT
 ------------------
 The worktree list command has two output formats.  The default format shows the
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index d107daa..1c94f08 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@
    matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
    matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
 
- - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
+   will match according to the previous rules.
 
 NOTES
 -----
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index e85148f..366dee2 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -95,8 +95,10 @@
 	References are stored in subdirectories of this
 	directory.  The 'git prune' command knows to preserve
 	objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
-	its subdirectories. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
-	is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
+	its subdirectories.
+	This directory is ignored (except refs/bisect and
+	refs/worktree) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
+	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
 
 refs/heads/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
@@ -143,6 +145,11 @@
 	if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/config" will be
 	used instead.
 
+config.worktree::
+	Working directory specific configuration file for the main
+	working directory in multiple working directory setup (see
+	linkgit:git-worktree[1]).
+
 branches::
 	A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
 	to specify a URL to 'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push'.
@@ -165,6 +172,11 @@
 	each hook. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set
 	and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/hooks" will be used instead.
 
+common::
+	When multiple working trees are used, most of files in
+	$GIT_DIR are per-worktree with a few known exceptions. All
+	files under 'common' however will be shared between all
+	working trees.
 
 index::
 	The current index file for the repository.  It is
@@ -275,6 +287,11 @@
 	or manually by `git worktree prune`. The file may contain a string
 	explaining why the repository is locked.
 
+worktrees/<id>/config.worktree::
+	Working directory specific configuration file.
+
+include::technical/repository-version.txt[]
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-init[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index 6109ef0..417b638 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -153,6 +153,9 @@
   and "N" for no signature
 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
 - '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
+- '%GF': show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
+- '%GP': show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
+  to sign a signed commit
 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or
   `refs/stash@{2 minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described
   for the `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 5f16729..bab5f50 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -761,7 +761,6 @@
 +
 The form '--missing=print' is like 'allow-any', but will also print a
 list of the missing objects.  Object IDs are prefixed with a ``?'' character.
-endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --exclude-promisor-objects::
 	(For internal use only.)  Prefilter object traversal at
@@ -769,6 +768,7 @@
 	stronger than `--missing=allow-promisor` because it limits the
 	traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing
 	objects.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]::
 	Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 829b558..2b036d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -183,10 +183,6 @@
 	scale the provided value by 1024, 1024^2 or 1024^3 respectively.
 	The scaled value is put into `unsigned_long_var`.
 
-`OPT_DATE(short, long, &timestamp_t_var, description)`::
-	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
-	The timestamp is put into `timestamp_t_var`.
-
 `OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &timestamp_t_var, description)`::
 	Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`.
 	The timestamp is put into `timestamp_t_var`.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt b/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt
index e03eacc..7844ef3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Git Repository Format Versions
-==============================
+== Git Repository Format Versions
 
 Every git repository is marked with a numeric version in the
 `core.repositoryformatversion` key of its `config` file. This version
@@ -40,16 +39,14 @@
 
 The currently defined format versions are:
 
-Version `0`
------------
+=== Version `0`
 
 This is the format defined by the initial version of git, including but
 not limited to the format of the repository directory, the repository
 configuration file, and the object and ref storage. Specifying the
 complete behavior of git is beyond the scope of this document.
 
-Version `1`
------------
+=== Version `1`
 
 This format is identical to version `0`, with the following exceptions:
 
@@ -74,21 +71,18 @@
 
 The defined extensions are:
 
-`noop`
-~~~~~~
+==== `noop`
 
 This extension does not change git's behavior at all. It is useful only
 for testing format-1 compatibility.
 
-`preciousObjects`
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== `preciousObjects`
 
 When the config key `extensions.preciousObjects` is set to `true`,
 objects in the repository MUST NOT be deleted (e.g., by `git-prune` or
 `git repack -d`).
 
-`partialclone`
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== `partialclone`
 
 When the config key `extensions.partialclone` is set, it indicates
 that the repo was created with a partial clone (or later performed
@@ -98,3 +92,11 @@
 in the future.
 
 The value of this key is the name of the promisor remote.
+
+==== `worktreeConfig`
+
+If set, by default "git config" reads from both "config" and
+"config.worktree" file from GIT_DIR in that order. In
+multiple working directory mode, "config" file is shared while
+"config.worktree" is per-working directory (i.e., it's in
+GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree)
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 498fce8..5aafb91 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v2.19.GIT
+DEF_VER=v2.20.0-rc0
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 6b492f4..6579c01 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@
 # Define CURL_CONFIG to curl's configuration program that prints information
 # about the library (e.g., its version number).  The default is 'curl-config'.
 #
+# Define CURL_LDFLAGS to specify flags that you need to link when using libcurl,
+# if you do not want to rely on the libraries provided by CURL_CONFIG.  The
+# default value is a result of `curl-config --libs`.  An example value for
+# CURL_LDFLAGS is as follows:
+#
+#     CURL_LDFLAGS=-lcurl
+#
 # Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
 # not built, and you cannot push using http:// and https:// transports (dumb).
 #
@@ -183,10 +190,6 @@
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO if you need -lssl when using -lcrypto (Darwin).
 #
-# Define NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL if you need -lssl with -lcurl (Minix).
-#
-# Define NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL if you need -lidn when using -lcurl (Minix).
-#
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin).
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV if you need libintl before libiconv.
@@ -746,6 +749,7 @@
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-strcmp-offset.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-string-list.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-submodule-config.o
+TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-submodule-nested-repo-config.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-subprocess.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-urlmatch-normalization.o
 TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS += test-wildmatch.o
@@ -987,6 +991,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += symlinks.o
 LIB_OBJS += tag.o
 LIB_OBJS += tempfile.o
+LIB_OBJS += thread-utils.o
 LIB_OBJS += tmp-objdir.o
 LIB_OBJS += trace.o
 LIB_OBJS += trailer.o
@@ -1302,19 +1307,16 @@
 	ifdef CURLDIR
 		# Try "-Wl,-rpath=$(CURLDIR)/$(lib)" in such a case.
 		BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(CURLDIR)/include
-		CURL_LIBCURL = -L$(CURLDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(CURLDIR)/$(lib) -lcurl
+		CURL_LIBCURL = -L$(CURLDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(CURLDIR)/$(lib)
 	else
-		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
+		CURL_LIBCURL =
 	endif
-	ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL += -lssl
-		ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
-			CURL_LIBCURL += -lcrypto
-		endif
-	endif
-	ifdef NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL += -lidn
-	endif
+
+ifdef CURL_LDFLAGS
+	CURL_LIBCURL += $(CURL_LDFLAGS)
+else
+	CURL_LIBCURL += $(shell $(CURL_CONFIG) --libs)
+endif
 
 	REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY = git-remote-http$X
 	REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES = git-remote-https$X git-remote-ftp$X git-remote-ftps$X
@@ -1671,7 +1673,6 @@
 else
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += $(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
 	EXTLIBS += $(PTHREAD_LIBS)
-	LIB_OBJS += thread-utils.o
 endif
 
 ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
@@ -2065,7 +2066,7 @@
 
 command-list.h: generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
 
-command-list.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git*.txt) Documentation/*config.txt
+command-list.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git*.txt) Documentation/*config.txt Documentation/config/*.txt
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(SHELL_PATH) ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt >$@+ && mv $@+ $@
 
 SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):$(GIT_VERSION):\
@@ -2105,7 +2106,7 @@
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE
+git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-PREFIX
 	$(QUIET_RC)$(RC) \
 	  $(join -DMAJOR= -DMINOR= -DMICRO= -DPATCHLEVEL=, $(wordlist 1, 4, \
 	    $(shell echo $(GIT_VERSION) 0 0 0 0 | tr '.a-zA-Z-' ' '))) \
@@ -3092,14 +3093,16 @@
 # An example command to build against libFuzzer from LLVM 4.0.0:
 #
 # make CC=clang CXX=clang++ \
-#      CFLAGS="-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard -fsanitize=address" \
+#      FUZZ_CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard -fsanitize=address" \
 #      LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE=/usr/lib/llvm-4.0/lib/libFuzzer.a \
 #      fuzz-all
 #
+FUZZ_CXXFLAGS ?= $(CFLAGS)
+
 .PHONY: fuzz-all
 
 $(FUZZ_PROGRAMS): all
-	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) \
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CXX) $(FUZZ_CXXFLAGS) $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) \
 		$(XDIFF_OBJS) $(EXTLIBS) git.o $@.o $(LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE) -o $@
 
 fuzz-all: $(FUZZ_PROGRAMS)
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index 3561cd6..5f35656 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
 int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
+int advice_reset_quiet_warning = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
 	{ "statusHints", &advice_status_hints },
 	{ "statusUoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitBeforeMerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
+	{ "resetQuiet", &advice_reset_quiet_warning },
 	{ "resolveConflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitIdentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedHead", &advice_detached_head },
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index ab24df0..696bf0e 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 extern int advice_status_hints;
 extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
+extern int advice_reset_quiet_warning;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
diff --git a/apply.c b/apply.c
index 073d5f0..01793d6 100644
--- a/apply.c
+++ b/apply.c
@@ -1748,7 +1748,7 @@
 	}
 	if (oldlines || newlines)
 		return -1;
-	if (!deleted && !added)
+	if (!patch->recount && !deleted && !added)
 		return -1;
 
 	fragment->leading = leading;
@@ -4772,6 +4772,9 @@
 				      const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	add_name_limit(state, arg, 1);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -4780,6 +4783,9 @@
 				      const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	add_name_limit(state, arg, 0);
 	state->has_include = 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -4790,6 +4796,9 @@
 				int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	state->p_value = atoi(arg);
 	state->p_value_known = 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -4799,6 +4808,9 @@
 					   const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	if (unset)
 		state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 	else
@@ -4810,9 +4822,12 @@
 					 const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	state->whitespace_option = arg;
 	if (parse_whitespace_option(state, arg))
-		exit(1);
+		return -1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4820,6 +4835,9 @@
 					const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	strbuf_reset(&state->root);
 	strbuf_addstr(&state->root, arg);
 	strbuf_complete(&state->root, '/');
@@ -4939,10 +4957,10 @@
 	struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", state, N_("path"),
 			N_("don't apply changes matching the given path"),
-			0, apply_option_parse_exclude },
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, apply_option_parse_exclude },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", state, N_("path"),
 			N_("apply changes matching the given path"),
-			0, apply_option_parse_include },
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, apply_option_parse_include },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, state, N_("num"),
 			N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
 			0, apply_option_parse_p },
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 9d16b7f..fd556c2 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@
 	archivers[nr_archivers++] = ar;
 }
 
+void init_archivers(void)
+{
+	init_tar_archiver();
+	init_zip_archiver();
+}
+
 static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
                          const char *src, size_t len,
                          struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -531,9 +537,6 @@
 	git_config_get_bool("uploadarchive.allowunreachable", &remote_allow_unreachable);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
-	init_tar_archiver();
-	init_zip_archiver();
-
 	args.repo = repo;
 	argc = parse_archive_args(argc, argv, &ar, &args, name_hint, remote);
 	if (!startup_info->have_repository) {
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
index d4f97a0..21ac010 100644
--- a/archive.h
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
 extern void init_tar_archiver(void);
 extern void init_zip_archiver(void);
+extern void init_archivers(void);
 
 typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args,
 					const struct object_id *oid,
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 60d2847..eaece66 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -41,23 +41,17 @@
 
 struct attr_hashmap {
 	struct hashmap map;
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_t mutex;
-#endif
 };
 
 static inline void hashmap_lock(struct attr_hashmap *map)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&map->mutex);
-#endif
 }
 
 static inline void hashmap_unlock(struct attr_hashmap *map)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&map->mutex);
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -498,23 +492,17 @@
 	size_t nr;
 	size_t alloc;
 	struct attr_check **checks;
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_t mutex;
-#endif
 } check_vector;
 
 static inline void vector_lock(void)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&check_vector.mutex);
-#endif
 }
 
 static inline void vector_unlock(void)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&check_vector.mutex);
-#endif
 }
 
 static void check_vector_add(struct attr_check *c)
@@ -1181,8 +1169,6 @@
 
 void attr_start(void)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_init(&g_attr_hashmap.mutex, NULL);
 	pthread_mutex_init(&check_vector.mutex, NULL);
-#endif
 }
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index ad49806..f65c172 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -445,11 +445,6 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-
-	die_in_unpopulated_submodule(&the_index, prefix);
-
 	/*
 	 * Check the "pathspec '%s' did not match any files" block
 	 * below before enabling new magic.
@@ -459,6 +454,10 @@
 		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH,
 		       prefix, argv);
 
+	if (read_cache_preload(&pathspec) < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	die_in_unpopulated_submodule(&the_index, prefix);
 	die_path_inside_submodule(&the_index, &pathspec);
 
 	if (add_new_files) {
diff --git a/builtin/am.c b/builtin/am.c
index 3ee9a9d..8f27f33 100644
--- a/builtin/am.c
+++ b/builtin/am.c
@@ -261,32 +261,6 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Take a series of KEY='VALUE' lines where VALUE part is
- * sq-quoted, and append <KEY, VALUE> at the end of the string list
- */
-static int parse_key_value_squoted(char *buf, struct string_list *list)
-{
-	while (*buf) {
-		struct string_list_item *item;
-		char *np;
-		char *cp = strchr(buf, '=');
-		if (!cp)
-			return -1;
-		np = strchrnul(cp, '\n');
-		*cp++ = '\0';
-		item = string_list_append(list, buf);
-
-		buf = np + (*np == '\n');
-		*np = '\0';
-		cp = sq_dequote(cp);
-		if (!cp)
-			return -1;
-		item->util = xstrdup(cp);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
  * Reads and parses the state directory's "author-script" file, and sets
  * state->author_name, state->author_email and state->author_date accordingly.
  * Returns 0 on success, -1 if the file could not be parsed.
@@ -302,42 +276,16 @@
  * script, and thus if the file differs from what this function expects, it is
  * better to bail out than to do something that the user does not expect.
  */
-static int read_author_script(struct am_state *state)
+static int read_am_author_script(struct am_state *state)
 {
 	const char *filename = am_path(state, "author-script");
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct string_list kv = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	int retval = -1; /* assume failure */
-	int fd;
 
 	assert(!state->author_name);
 	assert(!state->author_email);
 	assert(!state->author_date);
 
-	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		if (errno == ENOENT)
-			return 0;
-		die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
-	}
-	strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
-	if (parse_key_value_squoted(buf.buf, &kv))
-		goto finish;
-
-	if (kv.nr != 3 ||
-	    strcmp(kv.items[0].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME") ||
-	    strcmp(kv.items[1].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL") ||
-	    strcmp(kv.items[2].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"))
-		goto finish;
-	state->author_name = kv.items[0].util;
-	state->author_email = kv.items[1].util;
-	state->author_date = kv.items[2].util;
-	retval = 0;
-finish:
-	string_list_clear(&kv, !!retval);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return retval;
+	return read_author_script(filename, &state->author_name,
+				  &state->author_email, &state->author_date, 1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -411,7 +359,7 @@
 		BUG("state file 'last' does not exist");
 	state->last = strtol(sb.buf, NULL, 10);
 
-	if (read_author_script(state) < 0)
+	if (read_am_author_script(state) < 0)
 		die(_("could not parse author script"));
 
 	read_commit_msg(state);
@@ -2165,7 +2113,9 @@
 {
 	int *opt_value = opt->value;
 
-	if (!strcmp(arg, "mbox"))
+	if (unset)
+		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "mbox"))
 		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_MBOX;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "stgit"))
 		*opt_value = PATCH_FORMAT_STGIT;
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index e74f675..d245523 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, local_opts, NULL,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ALL);
 
+	init_archivers();
+
 	if (output)
 		create_output_file(output);
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index a443af9..06a7163 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -732,6 +732,8 @@
 {
 	int *opt = option->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	/*
 	 * -C enables copy from removed files;
 	 * -C -C enables copy from existing files, but only
@@ -754,6 +756,8 @@
 {
 	int *opt = option->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	*opt |= PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE;
 
 	if (arg)
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 8d97c84..657fe92 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int stream_blob(const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0))
+		die("unable to stream %s to stdout", oid_to_hex(oid));
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name,
 			int unknown_type)
 {
@@ -132,7 +139,7 @@
 		}
 
 		if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
-			return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &oid, NULL, 0);
+			return stream_blob(&oid);
 		buf = read_object_file(&oid, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@
 				oidcpy(&blob_oid, &oid);
 
 			if (oid_object_info(the_repository, &blob_oid, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
-				return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &blob_oid, NULL, 0);
+				return stream_blob(&blob_oid);
 			/*
 			 * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
 			 * and failed; there may be new dereference
@@ -319,8 +326,9 @@
 				BUG("invalid cmdmode: %c", opt->cmdmode);
 			batch_write(opt, contents, size);
 			free(contents);
-		} else if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0) < 0)
-			die("unable to stream %s to stdout", oid_to_hex(oid));
+		} else {
+			stream_blob(oid);
+		}
 	}
 	else {
 		enum object_type type;
@@ -595,8 +603,10 @@
 {
 	struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (bo->enabled) {
-		return 1;
+		return error(_("only one batch option may be specified"));
 	}
 
 	bo->enabled = 1;
@@ -631,10 +641,12 @@
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "buffer", &batch.buffer_output, N_("buffer --batch output")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
 			N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
-			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			batch_option_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
 			N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
-			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			batch_option_callback },
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "follow-symlinks", &batch.follow_symlinks,
 			 N_("follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "batch-all-objects", &batch.all_objects,
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index 88b86c8..eb74774 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@
 static int option_parse_stage(const struct option *opt,
 			      const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "all")) {
 		to_tempfile = 1;
 		checkout_stage = CHECKOUT_ALL;
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 8d9a7dc..bbcdeb2 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
 static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 074bd9a..c021b11 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@
 static int opt_parse_rename_score(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	const char **value = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (arg != NULL && *arg == '=')
 		arg = arg + 1;
 
@@ -1335,7 +1338,7 @@
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-renames", &no_renames, N_("do not detect renames")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', "find-renames", &rename_score_arg,
 		  N_("n"), N_("detect renames, optionally set similarity index"),
-		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, opt_parse_rename_score },
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, opt_parse_rename_score },
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -1363,7 +1366,7 @@
 	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN &&
 	    status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN_V2)
 		progress_flag = REFRESH_PROGRESS;
-	read_index_preload(&the_index, &s.pathspec, progress_flag);
+	read_index(&the_index);
 	refresh_index(&the_index,
 		      REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED|progress_flag,
 		      &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 97b58c4..84385ef 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "urlmatch.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
 	N_("git config [<options>]"),
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
 static char term = '\n';
 
 static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
+static int use_worktree_config;
 static struct git_config_source given_config_source;
 static int actions, type;
 static char *default_value;
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "worktree", &use_worktree_config, N_("use per-worktree config file")),
 	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_source.file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
 	OPT_STRING(0, "blob", &given_config_source.blob, N_("blob-id"), N_("read config from given blob object")),
 	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
@@ -602,6 +605,7 @@
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
 	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
+	    use_worktree_config +
 	    !!given_config_source.file + !!given_config_source.blob > 1) {
 		error(_("only one config file at a time"));
 		usage_builtin_config();
@@ -645,7 +649,20 @@
 		given_config_source.file = git_etc_gitconfig();
 	else if (use_local_config)
 		given_config_source.file = git_pathdup("config");
-	else if (given_config_source.file) {
+	else if (use_worktree_config) {
+		struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees(0);
+		if (repository_format_worktree_config)
+			given_config_source.file = git_pathdup("config.worktree");
+		else if (worktrees[0] && worktrees[1])
+			die(_("--worktree cannot be used with multiple "
+			      "working trees unless the config\n"
+			      "extension worktreeConfig is enabled. "
+			      "Please read \"CONFIGURATION FILE\"\n"
+			      "section in \"git help worktree\" for details"));
+		else
+			given_config_source.file = git_pathdup("config");
+		free_worktrees(worktrees);
+	} else if (given_config_source.file) {
 		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_source.file) && prefix)
 			given_config_source.file =
 				prefix_filename(prefix, given_config_source.file);
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index c48c34e..cc11844 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
 			struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 			int fd, result;
 
-			read_cache_preload(NULL);
+			read_cache();
 			refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED,
 				      NULL, NULL, NULL);
 			fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 8f7249f..e014032 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@
 
 static int parse_refmap_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	/*
 	 * "git fetch --refmap='' origin foo"
 	 * can be used to tell the command not to store anywhere
@@ -223,18 +225,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int add_existing(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
-			int flag, void *cbdata)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
-	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
-	struct object_id *old_oid = xmalloc(sizeof(*old_oid));
-
-	oidcpy(old_oid, oid);
-	item->util = old_oid;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct ref *rm = *head;
@@ -246,16 +236,72 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct refname_hash_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member */
+	struct object_id oid;
+	char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static int refname_hash_entry_cmp(const void *hashmap_cmp_fn_data,
+				  const void *e1_,
+				  const void *e2_,
+				  const void *keydata)
+{
+	const struct refname_hash_entry *e1 = e1_;
+	const struct refname_hash_entry *e2 = e2_;
+
+	return strcmp(e1->refname, keydata ? keydata : e2->refname);
+}
+
+static struct refname_hash_entry *refname_hash_add(struct hashmap *map,
+						   const char *refname,
+						   const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+	struct refname_hash_entry *ent;
+	size_t len = strlen(refname);
+
+	FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, refname, refname, len);
+	hashmap_entry_init(ent, strhash(refname));
+	oidcpy(&ent->oid, oid);
+	hashmap_add(map, ent);
+	return ent;
+}
+
+static int add_one_refname(const char *refname,
+			   const struct object_id *oid,
+			   int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct hashmap *refname_map = cbdata;
+
+	(void) refname_hash_add(refname_map, refname, oid);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void refname_hash_init(struct hashmap *map)
+{
+	hashmap_init(map, refname_hash_entry_cmp, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static int refname_hash_exists(struct hashmap *map, const char *refname)
+{
+	return !!hashmap_get_from_hash(map, strhash(refname), refname);
+}
+
 static void find_non_local_tags(const struct ref *refs,
 				struct ref **head,
 				struct ref ***tail)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct hashmap existing_refs;
+	struct hashmap remote_refs;
+	struct string_list remote_refs_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *remote_ref_item;
 	const struct ref *ref;
-	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+	struct refname_hash_entry *item = NULL;
 
-	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
+	refname_hash_init(&remote_refs);
+
+	for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
 			continue;
@@ -271,10 +317,10 @@
 			    !has_object_file_with_flags(&ref->old_oid,
 							OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
 			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_oid.hash) &&
-			    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->util,
+			    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->oid.hash,
 						      OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
-			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-				item->util = NULL;
+			    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
+				oidclr(&item->oid);
 			item = NULL;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -286,48 +332,53 @@
 		 * fetch.
 		 */
 		if (item &&
-		    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->util, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
-		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-			item->util = NULL;
+		    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->oid.hash, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
+		    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
+			oidclr(&item->oid);
 
 		item = NULL;
 
 		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
-		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
-		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
+		if (refname_hash_exists(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
+		    refname_hash_exists(&existing_refs, ref->name))
 			continue;
 
-		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
-		item->util = (void *)&ref->old_oid;
+		item = refname_hash_add(&remote_refs, ref->name, &ref->old_oid);
+		string_list_insert(&remote_refs_list, ref->name);
 	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	hashmap_free(&existing_refs, 1);
 
 	/*
 	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
 	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
 	 */
 	if (item &&
-	    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->util, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
-	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-		item->util = NULL;
+	    !has_sha1_file_with_flags(item->oid.hash, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK) &&
+	    !will_fetch(head, item->oid.hash))
+		oidclr(&item->oid);
 
 	/*
-	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs_list,
 	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
 	 */
-	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
+	for_each_string_list_item(remote_ref_item, &remote_refs_list) {
+		const char *refname = remote_ref_item->string;
+
+		item = hashmap_get_from_hash(&remote_refs, strhash(refname), refname);
+		if (!item)
+			BUG("unseen remote ref?");
+
 		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
-		if (item->util)
-		{
-			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, item->util);
+		if (!is_null_oid(&item->oid)) {
+			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->refname);
+			oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, &item->oid);
 			**tail = rm;
 			*tail = &rm->next;
 		}
 	}
-
-	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
+	hashmap_free(&remote_refs, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&remote_refs_list, 0);
 }
 
 static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct remote *remote,
@@ -343,7 +394,7 @@
 	/* opportunistically-updated references: */
 	struct ref *orefs = NULL, **oref_tail = &orefs;
 
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct hashmap existing_refs;
 
 	if (rs->nr) {
 		struct refspec *fetch_refspec;
@@ -437,19 +488,24 @@
 
 	ref_map = ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
 
-	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
+	for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);
+
 	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			struct string_list_item *peer_item =
-				string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
-						   rm->peer_ref->name);
+			const char *refname = rm->peer_ref->name;
+			struct refname_hash_entry *peer_item;
+
+			peer_item = hashmap_get_from_hash(&existing_refs,
+							  strhash(refname),
+							  refname);
 			if (peer_item) {
-				struct object_id *old_oid = peer_item->util;
+				struct object_id *old_oid = &peer_item->oid;
 				oidcpy(&rm->peer_ref->old_oid, old_oid);
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	hashmap_free(&existing_refs, 1);
 
 	return ref_map;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 06eb421..3c3e0f0 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 #define REACHABLE 0x0001
 #define SEEN      0x0002
@@ -36,8 +37,6 @@
 static int keep_cache_objects;
 static struct fsck_options fsck_walk_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_DEFAULT;
 static struct fsck_options fsck_obj_options = FSCK_OPTIONS_DEFAULT;
-static struct object_id head_oid;
-static const char *head_points_at;
 static int errors_found;
 static int write_lost_and_found;
 static int verbose;
@@ -446,7 +445,11 @@
 static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, const struct object_id *oid,
 			      int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	for_each_reflog_ent(logname, fsck_handle_reflog_ent, (void *)logname);
+	struct strbuf refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_worktree_ref(cb_data, &refname, logname);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname.buf, fsck_handle_reflog_ent, refname.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -484,13 +487,34 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int fsck_head_link(const char *head_ref_name,
+			  const char **head_points_at,
+			  struct object_id *head_oid);
+
 static void get_default_heads(void)
 {
-	if (head_points_at && !is_null_oid(&head_oid))
-		fsck_handle_ref("HEAD", &head_oid, 0, NULL);
+	struct worktree **worktrees, **p;
+	const char *head_points_at;
+	struct object_id head_oid;
+
 	for_each_rawref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
-	if (include_reflogs)
-		for_each_reflog(fsck_handle_reflog, NULL);
+
+	worktrees = get_worktrees(0);
+	for (p = worktrees; *p; p++) {
+		struct worktree *wt = *p;
+		struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_worktree_ref(wt, &ref, "HEAD");
+		fsck_head_link(ref.buf, &head_points_at, &head_oid);
+		if (head_points_at && !is_null_oid(&head_oid))
+			fsck_handle_ref(ref.buf, &head_oid, 0, NULL);
+		strbuf_release(&ref);
+
+		if (include_reflogs)
+			refs_for_each_reflog(get_worktree_ref_store(wt),
+					     fsck_handle_reflog, wt);
+	}
+	free_worktrees(worktrees);
 
 	/*
 	 * Not having any default heads isn't really fatal, but
@@ -579,33 +603,36 @@
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 }
 
-static int fsck_head_link(void)
+static int fsck_head_link(const char *head_ref_name,
+			  const char **head_points_at,
+			  struct object_id *head_oid)
 {
 	int null_is_error = 0;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking HEAD link\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s link\n", head_ref_name);
 
-	head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, &head_oid, NULL);
-	if (!head_points_at) {
+	*head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe(head_ref_name, 0, head_oid, NULL);
+	if (!*head_points_at) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-		return error("Invalid HEAD");
+		return error("Invalid %s", head_ref_name);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(head_points_at, "HEAD"))
+	if (!strcmp(*head_points_at, head_ref_name))
 		/* detached HEAD */
 		null_is_error = 1;
-	else if (!starts_with(head_points_at, "refs/heads/")) {
+	else if (!starts_with(*head_points_at, "refs/heads/")) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-		return error("HEAD points to something strange (%s)",
-			     head_points_at);
+		return error("%s points to something strange (%s)",
+			     head_ref_name, *head_points_at);
 	}
-	if (is_null_oid(&head_oid)) {
+	if (is_null_oid(head_oid)) {
 		if (null_is_error) {
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-			return error("HEAD: detached HEAD points at nothing");
+			return error("%s: detached HEAD points at nothing",
+				     head_ref_name);
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "notice: HEAD points to an unborn branch (%s)\n",
-			head_points_at + 11);
+		fprintf(stderr, "notice: %s points to an unborn branch (%s)\n",
+			head_ref_name, *head_points_at + 11);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -720,7 +747,6 @@
 
 	git_config(fsck_config, NULL);
 
-	fsck_head_link();
 	if (connectivity_only) {
 		for_each_loose_object(mark_loose_for_connectivity, NULL, 0);
 		for_each_packed_object(mark_packed_for_connectivity, NULL, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index d8508dd..71df52a 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #define GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT 8
 static int num_threads;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 static pthread_t *threads;
 
 /* We use one producer thread and THREADS consumer
@@ -70,13 +69,11 @@
 
 static inline void grep_lock(void)
 {
-	assert(num_threads);
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_mutex);
 }
 
 static inline void grep_unlock(void)
 {
-	assert(num_threads);
 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_mutex);
 }
 
@@ -234,6 +231,9 @@
 	int hit = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!HAVE_THREADS)
+		BUG("Never call this function unless you have started threads");
+
 	grep_lock();
 	all_work_added = 1;
 
@@ -265,13 +265,6 @@
 
 	return hit;
 }
-#else /* !NO_PTHREADS */
-
-static int wait_all(void)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif
 
 static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -284,17 +277,15 @@
 		if (num_threads < 0)
 			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"),
 			    num_threads, var);
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-		else if (num_threads && num_threads != 1) {
+		else if (!HAVE_THREADS && num_threads > 1) {
 			/*
 			 * TRANSLATORS: %s is the configuration
 			 * variable for tweaking threads, currently
 			 * grep.threads
 			 */
 			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), var);
-			num_threads = 0;
+			num_threads = 1;
 		}
-#endif
 	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "submodule.recurse"))
@@ -330,17 +321,14 @@
 	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_OID, pathbuf.buf, path, oid);
 	strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (num_threads) {
+	if (num_threads > 1) {
 		/*
 		 * add_work() copies gs and thus assumes ownership of
 		 * its fields, so do not call grep_source_clear()
 		 */
 		add_work(opt, &gs);
 		return 0;
-	} else
-#endif
-	{
+	} else {
 		int hit;
 
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
@@ -363,17 +351,14 @@
 	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (num_threads) {
+	if (num_threads > 1) {
 		/*
 		 * add_work() copies gs and thus assumes ownership of
 		 * its fields, so do not call grep_source_clear()
 		 */
 		add_work(opt, &gs);
 		return 0;
-	} else
-#endif
-	{
+	} else {
 		int hit;
 
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
@@ -422,11 +407,23 @@
 	struct repository submodule;
 	int hit;
 
-	if (!is_submodule_active(superproject, path))
-		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: submodules functions need to be protected because they
+	 * access the object store via config_from_gitmodules(): the latter
+	 * uses get_oid() which, for now, relies on the global the_repository
+	 * object.
+	 */
+	grep_read_lock();
 
-	if (repo_submodule_init(&submodule, superproject, path))
+	if (!is_submodule_active(superproject, path)) {
+		grep_read_unlock();
 		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (repo_submodule_init(&submodule, superproject, path)) {
+		grep_read_unlock();
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	repo_read_gitmodules(&submodule);
 
@@ -440,7 +437,6 @@
 	 * store is no longer global and instead is a member of the repository
 	 * object.
 	 */
-	grep_read_lock();
 	add_to_alternates_memory(submodule.objects->objectdir);
 	grep_read_unlock();
 
@@ -712,11 +708,14 @@
 static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
-	int from_stdin = !strcmp(arg, "-");
+	int from_stdin;
 	FILE *patterns;
 	int lno = 0;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
+	from_stdin = !strcmp(arg, "-");
 	patterns = from_stdin ? stdin : fopen(arg, "r");
 	if (!patterns)
 		die_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), arg);
@@ -737,6 +736,8 @@
 static int not_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--not", "command line", 0, GREP_NOT);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -744,6 +745,8 @@
 static int and_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--and", "command line", 0, GREP_AND);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -751,6 +754,8 @@
 static int open_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "(", "command line", 0, GREP_OPEN_PAREN);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -758,6 +763,8 @@
 static int close_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, ")", "command line", 0, GREP_CLOSE_PAREN);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -766,6 +773,7 @@
 			    int unset)
 {
 	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, arg, "-e option", 0, GREP_PATTERN);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1038,39 +1046,35 @@
 	pathspec.recursive = 1;
 	pathspec.recurse_submodules = !!recurse_submodules;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (list.nr || cached || show_in_pager)
-		num_threads = 0;
-	else if (num_threads == 0)
-		num_threads = GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT;
-	else if (num_threads < 0)
-		die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"), num_threads);
-	if (num_threads == 1)
-		num_threads = 0;
-#else
-	if (num_threads)
+	if (list.nr || cached || show_in_pager) {
+		if (num_threads > 1)
+			warning(_("invalid option combination, ignoring --threads"));
+		num_threads = 1;
+	} else if (!HAVE_THREADS && num_threads > 1) {
 		warning(_("no threads support, ignoring --threads"));
-	num_threads = 0;
-#endif
+		num_threads = 1;
+	} else if (num_threads < 0)
+		die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"), num_threads);
+	else if (num_threads == 0)
+		num_threads = HAVE_THREADS ? GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT : 1;
 
-	if (!num_threads)
-		/*
-		 * The compiled patterns on the main path are only
-		 * used when not using threading. Otherwise
-		 * start_threads() below calls compile_grep_patterns()
-		 * for each thread.
-		 */
-		compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
-
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (num_threads) {
+	if (num_threads > 1) {
+		if (!HAVE_THREADS)
+			BUG("Somebody got num_threads calculation wrong!");
 		if (!(opt.name_only || opt.unmatch_name_only || opt.count)
 		    && (opt.pre_context || opt.post_context ||
 			opt.file_break || opt.funcbody))
 			skip_first_line = 1;
 		start_threads(&opt);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * The compiled patterns on the main path are only
+		 * used when not using threading. Otherwise
+		 * start_threads() above calls compile_grep_patterns()
+		 * for each thread.
+		 */
+		compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
 	}
-#endif
 
 	if (show_in_pager && (cached || list.nr))
 		die(_("--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"));
@@ -1121,7 +1125,7 @@
 		hit = grep_objects(&opt, &pathspec, &list);
 	}
 
-	if (num_threads)
+	if (num_threads > 1)
 		hit |= wait_all();
 	if (hit && show_in_pager)
 		run_pager(&opt, prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index 2004e25..6820425 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@
 };
 
 struct thread_local {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_t thread;
-#endif
 	struct base_data *base_cache;
 	size_t base_cache_used;
 	int pack_fd;
@@ -98,8 +96,6 @@
 static int input_fd, output_fd;
 static const char *curr_pack;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-
 static struct thread_local *thread_data;
 static int nr_dispatched;
 static int threads_active;
@@ -179,26 +175,6 @@
 	free(thread_data);
 }
 
-#else
-
-#define read_lock()
-#define read_unlock()
-
-#define counter_lock()
-#define counter_unlock()
-
-#define work_lock()
-#define work_unlock()
-
-#define deepest_delta_lock()
-#define deepest_delta_unlock()
-
-#define type_cas_lock()
-#define type_cas_unlock()
-
-#endif
-
-
 static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_options *options)
 {
 	if (!obj)
@@ -364,22 +340,20 @@
 
 static inline struct thread_local *get_thread_data(void)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (threads_active)
-		return pthread_getspecific(key);
-	assert(!threads_active &&
-	       "This should only be reached when all threads are gone");
-#endif
+	if (HAVE_THREADS) {
+		if (threads_active)
+			return pthread_getspecific(key);
+		assert(!threads_active &&
+		       "This should only be reached when all threads are gone");
+	}
 	return &nothread_data;
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 static void set_thread_data(struct thread_local *data)
 {
 	if (threads_active)
 		pthread_setspecific(key, data);
 }
-#endif
 
 static struct base_data *alloc_base_data(void)
 {
@@ -1092,7 +1066,6 @@
 	find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 static void *threaded_second_pass(void *data)
 {
 	set_thread_data(data);
@@ -1116,7 +1089,6 @@
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
  * First pass:
@@ -1213,7 +1185,6 @@
 		progress = start_progress(_("Resolving deltas"),
 					  nr_ref_deltas + nr_ofs_deltas);
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	nr_dispatched = 0;
 	if (nr_threads > 1 || getenv("GIT_FORCE_THREADS")) {
 		init_thread();
@@ -1229,7 +1200,6 @@
 		cleanup_thread();
 		return;
 	}
-#endif
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
@@ -1531,11 +1501,10 @@
 		if (nr_threads < 0)
 			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
 			    nr_threads);
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-		if (nr_threads != 1)
+		if (!HAVE_THREADS && nr_threads != 1) {
 			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k);
-		nr_threads = 1;
-#endif
+			nr_threads = 1;
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
@@ -1723,12 +1692,10 @@
 				nr_threads = strtoul(arg+10, &end, 0);
 				if (!arg[10] || *end || nr_threads < 0)
 					usage(index_pack_usage);
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-				if (nr_threads != 1)
-					warning(_("no threads support, "
-						  "ignoring %s"), arg);
-				nr_threads = 1;
-#endif
+				if (!HAVE_THREADS && nr_threads != 1) {
+					warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), arg);
+					nr_threads = 1;
+				}
 			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
 				struct pack_header *hdr;
 				char *c;
@@ -1791,14 +1758,12 @@
 	if (strict)
 		opts.flags |= WRITE_IDX_STRICT;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (!nr_threads) {
+	if (HAVE_THREADS && !nr_threads) {
 		nr_threads = online_cpus();
 		/* An experiment showed that more threads does not mean faster */
 		if (nr_threads > 3)
 			nr_threads = 3;
 	}
-#endif
 
 	curr_pack = open_pack_file(pack_name);
 	parse_pack_header();
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index 12ddda7..41faffd 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@
 
 static int shared_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	*((int *) opt->value) = (arg) ? git_config_perm("arg", arg) : PERM_GROUP;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
index 4b87e0d..8ae40de 100644
--- a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
+++ b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
 	v->only_trailers = 1;
 	v->only_input = 1;
 	v->unfold = 1;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 061d4fd..9f2d987 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@
 {
 	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (!arg)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -1151,6 +1153,8 @@
 
 static int keep_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->total = -1;
 	keep_subject = 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -1161,6 +1165,7 @@
 static int subject_prefix_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			    int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	subject_prefix = 1;
 	((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->subject_prefix = arg;
 	return 0;
@@ -1168,6 +1173,8 @@
 
 static int rfc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	return subject_prefix_callback(opt, "RFC PATCH", unset);
 }
 
@@ -1176,6 +1183,7 @@
 static int numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			     int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	*(int *)opt->value = numbered_cmdline_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
 	if (unset)
 		auto_number =  0;
@@ -1185,6 +1193,7 @@
 static int no_numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 				int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	return numbered_callback(opt, arg, 1);
 }
 
@@ -1192,6 +1201,7 @@
 			      int unset)
 {
 	const char **dir = (const char **)opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	if (*dir)
 		die(_("Two output directories?"));
 	*dir = arg;
@@ -1508,7 +1518,7 @@
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
 			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
-			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
+			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, no_numbered_callback },
 		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
 			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 7f9919a..c70a9c7 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -475,6 +475,8 @@
 {
 	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	exc_given = 1;
 	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
@@ -486,6 +488,8 @@
 {
 	struct dir_struct *dir = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	exc_given = 1;
 	add_excludes_from_file(dir, arg);
 
@@ -497,6 +501,9 @@
 {
 	struct dir_struct *dir = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	exc_given = 1;
 	setup_standard_excludes(dir);
 
@@ -548,15 +555,16 @@
 			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
 			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
-			0, option_parse_exclude },
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, option_parse_exclude },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
 			N_("exclude patterns are read from <file>"),
-			0, option_parse_exclude_from },
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, option_parse_exclude_from },
 		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, N_("file"),
 			N_("read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-standard", &dir, NULL,
 			N_("add the standard git exclusions"),
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_exclude_standard },
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			option_parse_exclude_standard },
 		OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "full-name", &prefix_len,
 			      N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			      0, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 6a0cdec..1d7f1f5 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -88,18 +88,15 @@
 		int i;
 		pattern = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(const char *));
 		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-			const char *glob;
 			pattern[i - 1] = xstrfmt("*/%s", argv[i]);
-
-			glob = strchr(argv[i], '*');
-			if (glob)
-				argv_array_pushf(&ref_prefixes, "%.*s",
-						 (int)(glob - argv[i]), argv[i]);
-			else
-				expand_ref_prefix(&ref_prefixes, argv[i]);
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (flags & REF_TAGS)
+		argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
+	if (flags & REF_HEADS)
+		argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/heads/");
+
 	remote = remote_get(dest);
 	if (!remote) {
 		if (dest)
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index b08803e..06a2f90 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 	static int label_count = 0;
 	const char **names = (const char **)opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (label_count >= 3)
 		return error("too many labels on the command line");
 	names[label_count++] = arg;
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 8fc108d..70f6fc9 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@
 	xpp.flags = 0;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
-	ecb.outf = show_outf;
+	ecb.out_hunk = NULL;
+	ecb.out_line = show_outf;
 	ecb.priv = NULL;
 
 	src.ptr = origin(entry, &size);
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 4aa6071..c3c976d 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@
 static int option_parse_n(const struct option *opt,
 			  const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	show_diffstat = unset;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1336,6 +1337,10 @@
 			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[0]);
 		if (remoteheads->next)
 			die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"));
+
+		if (verify_signatures)
+			verify_merge_signature(remoteheads->item, verbosity);
+
 		remote_head_oid = &remoteheads->item->object.oid;
 		read_empty(remote_head_oid, 0);
 		update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head_oid, NULL, 0,
@@ -1357,31 +1362,7 @@
 
 	if (verify_signatures) {
 		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
-			struct commit *commit = p->item;
-			char hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
-			struct signature_check signature_check;
-			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
-
-			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
-
-			find_unique_abbrev_r(hex, &commit->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
-			switch (signature_check.result) {
-			case 'G':
-				break;
-			case 'U':
-				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
-				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
-			case 'B':
-				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
-				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
-			default: /* 'N' */
-				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
-			}
-			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
-				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
-				       hex, signature_check.signer);
-
-			signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+			verify_merge_signature(p->item, verbosity);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index c05cd00..c78b7a0 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@
 {
 	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	strbuf_grow(&d->buf, strlen(arg) + 2);
 	if (d->buf.len)
 		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
@@ -229,6 +231,8 @@
 {
 	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (d->buf.len)
 		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
@@ -250,15 +254,15 @@
 	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long len;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (d->buf.len)
 		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 
 	if (get_oid(arg, &object))
 		die(_("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), arg);
-	if (!(buf = read_object_file(&object, &type, &len))) {
-		free(buf);
+	if (!(buf = read_object_file(&object, &type, &len)))
 		die(_("failed to read object '%s'."), arg);
-	}
 	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(buf);
 		die(_("cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."), arg);
@@ -273,6 +277,7 @@
 static int parse_reedit_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	d->use_editor = 1;
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index e50c6cd..794714e 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -1953,8 +1953,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-
 /* Protect access to object database */
 static pthread_mutex_t read_mutex;
 #define read_lock()		pthread_mutex_lock(&read_mutex)
@@ -1979,16 +1977,6 @@
  * ahead in the list because they can be stolen and would need
  * progress_mutex for protection.
  */
-#else
-
-#define read_lock()		(void)0
-#define read_unlock()		(void)0
-#define cache_lock()		(void)0
-#define cache_unlock()		(void)0
-#define progress_lock()		(void)0
-#define progress_unlock()	(void)0
-
-#endif
 
 /*
  * Return the size of the object without doing any delta
@@ -2347,8 +2335,6 @@
 	free(array);
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-
 static void try_to_free_from_threads(size_t size)
 {
 	read_lock();
@@ -2577,10 +2563,6 @@
 	free(p);
 }
 
-#else
-#define ll_find_deltas(l, s, w, d, p)	find_deltas(l, &s, w, d, p)
-#endif
-
 static void add_tag_chain(const struct object_id *oid)
 {
 	struct tag *tag;
@@ -2733,12 +2715,10 @@
 		if (delta_search_threads < 0)
 			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
 			    delta_search_threads);
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-		if (delta_search_threads != 1) {
+		if (!HAVE_THREADS && delta_search_threads != 1) {
 			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k);
 			delta_search_threads = 0;
 		}
-#endif
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
@@ -3107,6 +3087,7 @@
 
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, NULL);
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	revs.allow_exclude_promisor_objects_opt = 1;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
 
 	/* make sure shallows are read */
@@ -3206,6 +3187,9 @@
 {
 	char *c;
 	const char *val = arg;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	pack_idx_opts.version = strtoul(val, &c, 10);
 	if (pack_idx_opts.version > 2)
 		die(_("unsupported index version %s"), val);
@@ -3252,7 +3236,7 @@
 			 N_("similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, N_("<version>[,<offset>]"),
 		  N_("write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"),
-		  0, option_parse_index_version },
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, option_parse_index_version },
 		OPT_MAGNITUDE(0, "max-pack-size", &pack_size_limit,
 			      N_("maximum size of each output pack file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &local,
@@ -3401,10 +3385,8 @@
 	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
 		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
 
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	if (delta_search_threads != 1)
+	if (!HAVE_THREADS && delta_search_threads != 1)
 		warning(_("no threads support, ignoring --threads"));
-#endif
 	if (!pack_to_stdout && !pack_size_limit)
 		pack_size_limit = pack_size_limit_cfg;
 	if (pack_to_stdout && pack_size_limit)
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 41230f8..e42653b 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	read_replace_refs = 0;
 	ref_paranoia = 1;
+	revs.allow_exclude_promisor_objects_opt = 1;
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, prefix);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, prune_usage, 0);
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@
 	free(s);
 
 	if (is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
-		prune_shallow(show_only);
+		prune_shallow(show_only ? PRUNE_SHOW_ONLY : 0);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/pull.c b/builtin/pull.c
index 798ecf7..1b90622 100644
--- a/builtin/pull.c
+++ b/builtin/pull.c
@@ -557,6 +557,17 @@
 static int pull_into_void(const struct object_id *merge_head,
 		const struct object_id *curr_head)
 {
+	if (opt_verify_signatures) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit(the_repository, merge_head);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("unable to access commit %s"),
+			    oid_to_hex(merge_head));
+
+		verify_merge_signature(commit, opt_verbosity);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Two-way merge: we treat the index as based on an empty tree,
 	 * and try to fast-forward to HEAD. This ensures we will not lose
@@ -945,7 +956,7 @@
 		int ret = 0;
 		if ((recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON ||
 		     recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) &&
-		    submodule_touches_in_range(&the_index, &rebase_fork_point, &curr_head))
+		    submodule_touches_in_range(the_repository, &rebase_fork_point, &curr_head))
 			die(_("cannot rebase with locally recorded submodule modifications"));
 		if (!autostash) {
 			struct commit_list *list = NULL;
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index fbbc98e..183ee8c 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 static int index_output_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 				 int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	set_alternate_index_output(arg);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@
 	struct dir_struct *dir;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *opts;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	opts = (struct unpack_trees_options *)opt->value;
 
 	if (opts->dir)
diff --git a/builtin/rebase.c b/builtin/rebase.c
index 0ee06aa..1a27587 100644
--- a/builtin/rebase.c
+++ b/builtin/rebase.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "rerere.h"
+#include "branch.h"
 
 static char const * const builtin_rebase_usage[] = {
 	N_("git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] "
@@ -48,7 +49,10 @@
 {
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret;
+	int ret, env = git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_REBASE_USE_BUILTIN", -1);
+
+	if (env != -1)
+		return env;
 
 	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args,
 			 "config", "--bool", "rebase.usebuiltin", NULL);
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@
 		REBASE_FORCE = 1<<3,
 		REBASE_INTERACTIVE_EXPLICIT = 1<<4,
 	} flags;
-	struct strbuf git_am_opt;
+	struct argv_array git_am_opts;
 	const char *action;
 	int signoff;
 	int allow_rerere_autoupdate;
@@ -339,7 +343,7 @@
 static int run_specific_rebase(struct rebase_options *opts)
 {
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	struct strbuf script_snippet = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf script_snippet = STRBUF_INIT, buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int status;
 	const char *backend, *backend_func;
 
@@ -433,7 +437,9 @@
 		oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid) : NULL);
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "GIT_QUIET",
 		opts->flags & REBASE_NO_QUIET ? "" : "t");
-	add_var(&script_snippet, "git_am_opt", opts->git_am_opt.buf);
+	sq_quote_argv_pretty(&buf, opts->git_am_opts.argv);
+	add_var(&script_snippet, "git_am_opt", buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "verbose",
 		opts->flags & REBASE_VERBOSE ? "t" : "");
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "diffstat",
@@ -522,12 +528,17 @@
 
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
+#define RESET_HEAD_DETACH (1<<0)
+#define RESET_HEAD_HARD (1<<1)
+
 static int reset_head(struct object_id *oid, const char *action,
-		      const char *switch_to_branch, int detach_head,
+		      const char *switch_to_branch, unsigned flags,
 		      const char *reflog_orig_head, const char *reflog_head)
 {
+	unsigned detach_head = flags & RESET_HEAD_DETACH;
+	unsigned reset_hard = flags & RESET_HEAD_HARD;
 	struct object_id head_oid;
-	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct tree_desc desc[2] = { { NULL }, { NULL } };
 	struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
 	struct unpack_trees_options unpack_tree_opts;
 	struct tree *tree;
@@ -536,60 +547,62 @@
 	size_t prefix_len;
 	struct object_id *orig = NULL, oid_orig,
 		*old_orig = NULL, oid_old_orig;
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret = 0, nr = 0;
 
 	if (switch_to_branch && !starts_with(switch_to_branch, "refs/"))
 		BUG("Not a fully qualified branch: '%s'", switch_to_branch);
 
-	if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (!oid) {
-		if (get_oid("HEAD", &head_oid)) {
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-			return error(_("could not determine HEAD revision"));
-		}
-		oid = &head_oid;
+	if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0) {
+		ret = -1;
+		goto leave_reset_head;
 	}
 
+	if ((!oid || !reset_hard) && get_oid("HEAD", &head_oid)) {
+		ret = error(_("could not determine HEAD revision"));
+		goto leave_reset_head;
+	}
+
+	if (!oid)
+		oid = &head_oid;
+
 	memset(&unpack_tree_opts, 0, sizeof(unpack_tree_opts));
 	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&unpack_tree_opts, action);
 	unpack_tree_opts.head_idx = 1;
 	unpack_tree_opts.src_index = the_repository->index;
 	unpack_tree_opts.dst_index = the_repository->index;
-	unpack_tree_opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	unpack_tree_opts.fn = reset_hard ? oneway_merge : twoway_merge;
 	unpack_tree_opts.update = 1;
 	unpack_tree_opts.merge = 1;
 	if (!detach_head)
 		unpack_tree_opts.reset = 1;
 
 	if (read_index_unmerged(the_repository->index) < 0) {
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		return error(_("could not read index"));
+		ret = error(_("could not read index"));
+		goto leave_reset_head;
 	}
 
-	if (!fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, oid)) {
-		error(_("failed to find tree of %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		free((void *)desc.buffer);
-		return -1;
+	if (!reset_hard && !fill_tree_descriptor(&desc[nr++], &head_oid)) {
+		ret = error(_("failed to find tree of %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
+		goto leave_reset_head;
 	}
 
-	if (unpack_trees(1, &desc, &unpack_tree_opts)) {
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		free((void *)desc.buffer);
-		return -1;
+	if (!fill_tree_descriptor(&desc[nr++], oid)) {
+		ret = error(_("failed to find tree of %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
+		goto leave_reset_head;
+	}
+
+	if (unpack_trees(nr, desc, &unpack_tree_opts)) {
+		ret = -1;
+		goto leave_reset_head;
 	}
 
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(oid);
 	prime_cache_tree(the_repository->index, tree);
 
-	if (write_locked_index(the_repository->index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK) < 0)
+	if (write_locked_index(the_repository->index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK) < 0) {
 		ret = error(_("could not write index"));
-	free((void *)desc.buffer);
-
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+		goto leave_reset_head;
+	}
 
 	reflog_action = getenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION_ENVIRONMENT);
 	strbuf_addf(&msg, "%s: ", reflog_action ? reflog_action : "rebase");
@@ -613,7 +626,8 @@
 		reflog_head = msg.buf;
 	}
 	if (!switch_to_branch)
-		ret = update_ref(reflog_head, "HEAD", oid, orig, REF_NO_DEREF,
+		ret = update_ref(reflog_head, "HEAD", oid, orig,
+				 detach_head ? REF_NO_DEREF : 0,
 				 UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
 	else {
 		ret = create_symref("HEAD", switch_to_branch, msg.buf);
@@ -622,7 +636,11 @@
 					 UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
 	}
 
+leave_reset_head:
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+	while (nr)
+		free((void *)desc[--nr].buffer);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -703,6 +721,9 @@
 {
 	struct rebase_options *opts = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	if (!is_interactive(opts))
 		opts->type = REBASE_MERGE;
 
@@ -715,6 +736,9 @@
 {
 	struct rebase_options *opts = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	opts->type = REBASE_INTERACTIVE;
 	opts->flags |= REBASE_INTERACTIVE_EXPLICIT;
 
@@ -756,7 +780,7 @@
 	struct rebase_options options = {
 		.type = REBASE_UNSPECIFIED,
 		.flags = REBASE_NO_QUIET,
-		.git_am_opt = STRBUF_INIT,
+		.git_am_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT,
 		.allow_rerere_autoupdate  = -1,
 		.allow_empty_message = 1,
 		.git_format_patch_opt = STRBUF_INIT,
@@ -777,12 +801,7 @@
 		ACTION_EDIT_TODO,
 		ACTION_SHOW_CURRENT_PATCH,
 	} action = NO_ACTION;
-	int committer_date_is_author_date = 0;
-	int ignore_date = 0;
-	int ignore_whitespace = 0;
 	const char *gpg_sign = NULL;
-	int opt_c = -1;
-	struct string_list whitespace = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct string_list exec = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *rebase_merges = NULL;
 	int fork_point = -1;
@@ -804,15 +823,20 @@
 		{OPTION_NEGBIT, 'n', "no-stat", &options.flags, NULL,
 			N_("do not show diffstat of what changed upstream"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, REBASE_DIFFSTAT },
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-whitespace", &ignore_whitespace,
-			 N_("passed to 'git apply'")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "signoff", &options.signoff,
 			 N_("add a Signed-off-by: line to each commit")),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "committer-date-is-author-date",
-			 &committer_date_is_author_date,
-			 N_("passed to 'git am'")),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-date", &ignore_date,
-			 N_("passed to 'git am'")),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "ignore-whitespace", &options.git_am_opts,
+				  NULL, N_("passed to 'git am'"),
+				  PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "committer-date-is-author-date",
+				  &options.git_am_opts, NULL,
+				  N_("passed to 'git am'"), PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "ignore-date", &options.git_am_opts, NULL,
+				  N_("passed to 'git am'"), PARSE_OPT_NOARG),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV('C', NULL, &options.git_am_opts, N_("n"),
+				  N_("passed to 'git apply'"), 0),
+		OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(0, "whitespace", &options.git_am_opts,
+				  N_("action"), N_("passed to 'git apply'"), 0),
 		OPT_BIT('f', "force-rebase", &options.flags,
 			N_("cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged"),
 			REBASE_FORCE),
@@ -856,10 +880,6 @@
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &gpg_sign, N_("key-id"),
 			N_("GPG-sign commits"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "whitespace", &whitespace,
-				N_("whitespace"), N_("passed to 'git apply'")),
-		OPT_SET_INT('C', NULL, &opt_c, N_("passed to 'git apply'"),
-			    REBASE_AM),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "autostash", &options.autostash,
 			 N_("automatically stash/stash pop before and after")),
 		OPT_STRING_LIST('x', "exec", &exec, N_("exec"),
@@ -884,6 +904,7 @@
 			 N_("rebase all reachable commits up to the root(s)")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
+	int i;
 
 	/*
 	 * NEEDSWORK: Once the builtin rebase has been tested enough
@@ -1000,8 +1021,10 @@
 		rerere_clear(&merge_rr);
 		string_list_clear(&merge_rr, 1);
 
-		if (reset_head(NULL, "reset", NULL, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+		if (reset_head(NULL, "reset", NULL, RESET_HEAD_HARD,
+			       NULL, NULL) < 0)
 			die(_("could not discard worktree changes"));
+		remove_branch_state();
 		if (read_basic_state(&options))
 			exit(1);
 		goto run_rebase;
@@ -1016,9 +1039,11 @@
 		if (read_basic_state(&options))
 			exit(1);
 		if (reset_head(&options.orig_head, "reset",
-			       options.head_name, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+			       options.head_name, RESET_HEAD_HARD,
+			       NULL, NULL) < 0)
 			die(_("could not move back to %s"),
 			    oid_to_hex(&options.orig_head));
+		remove_branch_state();
 		ret = finish_rebase(&options);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
@@ -1064,22 +1089,27 @@
 		    state_dir_base, cmd_live_rebase, buf.buf);
 	}
 
+	for (i = 0; i < options.git_am_opts.argc; i++) {
+		const char *option = options.git_am_opts.argv[i], *p;
+		if (!strcmp(option, "--committer-date-is-author-date") ||
+		    !strcmp(option, "--ignore-date") ||
+		    !strcmp(option, "--whitespace=fix") ||
+		    !strcmp(option, "--whitespace=strip"))
+			options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
+		else if (skip_prefix(option, "-C", &p)) {
+			while (*p)
+				if (!isdigit(*(p++)))
+					die(_("switch `C' expects a "
+					      "numerical value"));
+		} else if (skip_prefix(option, "--whitespace=", &p)) {
+			if (*p && strcmp(p, "warn") && strcmp(p, "nowarn") &&
+			    strcmp(p, "error") && strcmp(p, "error-all"))
+				die("Invalid whitespace option: '%s'", p);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (!(options.flags & REBASE_NO_QUIET))
-		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_am_opt, " -q");
-
-	if (committer_date_is_author_date) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_am_opt,
-			      " --committer-date-is-author-date");
-		options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
-	}
-
-	if (ignore_whitespace)
-		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_am_opt, " --ignore-whitespace");
-
-	if (ignore_date) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_am_opt, " --ignore-date");
-		options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
-	}
+		argv_array_push(&options.git_am_opts, "-q");
 
 	if (options.keep_empty)
 		imply_interactive(&options, "--keep-empty");
@@ -1089,23 +1119,6 @@
 		options.gpg_sign_opt = xstrfmt("-S%s", gpg_sign);
 	}
 
-	if (opt_c >= 0)
-		strbuf_addf(&options.git_am_opt, " -C%d", opt_c);
-
-	if (whitespace.nr) {
-		int i;
-
-		for (i = 0; i < whitespace.nr; i++) {
-			const char *item = whitespace.items[i].string;
-
-			strbuf_addf(&options.git_am_opt, " --whitespace=%s",
-				    item);
-
-			if ((!strcmp(item, "fix")) || (!strcmp(item, "strip")))
-				options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
-		}
-	}
-
 	if (exec.nr) {
 		int i;
 
@@ -1181,23 +1194,18 @@
 		break;
 	}
 
-	if (options.git_am_opt.len) {
-		const char *p;
-
+	if (options.git_am_opts.argc) {
 		/* all am options except -q are compatible only with --am */
-		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, &options.git_am_opt);
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, ' ');
-		while ((p = strstr(buf.buf, " -q ")))
-			strbuf_splice(&buf, p - buf.buf, 4, " ", 1);
-		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		for (i = options.git_am_opts.argc - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+			if (strcmp(options.git_am_opts.argv[i], "-q"))
+				break;
 
-		if (is_interactive(&options) && buf.len)
+		if (is_interactive(&options) && i >= 0)
 			die(_("error: cannot combine interactive options "
 			      "(--interactive, --exec, --rebase-merges, "
 			      "--preserve-merges, --keep-empty, --root + "
 			      "--onto) with am options (%s)"), buf.buf);
-		if (options.type == REBASE_MERGE && buf.len)
+		if (options.type == REBASE_MERGE && i >= 0)
 			die(_("error: cannot combine merge options (--merge, "
 			      "--strategy, --strategy-option) with am options "
 			      "(%s)"), buf.buf);
@@ -1207,7 +1215,7 @@
 		if (options.type == REBASE_PRESERVE_MERGES)
 			die("cannot combine '--signoff' with "
 			    "'--preserve-merges'");
-		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_am_opt, " --signoff");
+		argv_array_push(&options.git_am_opts, "--signoff");
 		options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
 	}
 
@@ -1380,7 +1388,7 @@
 			write_file(autostash, "%s", oid_to_hex(&oid));
 			printf(_("Created autostash: %s\n"), buf.buf);
 			if (reset_head(&head->object.oid, "reset --hard",
-				       NULL, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+				       NULL, RESET_HEAD_HARD, NULL, NULL) < 0)
 				die(_("could not reset --hard"));
 			printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"),
 			       find_unique_abbrev(&head->object.oid,
@@ -1500,8 +1508,8 @@
 			 "it...\n"));
 
 	strbuf_addf(&msg, "rebase: checkout %s", options.onto_name);
-	if (reset_head(&options.onto->object.oid, "checkout", NULL, 1,
-	    NULL, msg.buf))
+	if (reset_head(&options.onto->object.oid, "checkout", NULL,
+		       RESET_HEAD_DETACH, NULL, msg.buf))
 		die(_("Could not detach HEAD"));
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
 
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index b5941c1..7a85e4b 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "reachable.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 /* NEEDSWORK: switch to using parse_options */
 static const char reflog_expire_usage[] =
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
 	struct collected_reflog **e;
 	int alloc;
 	int nr;
+	struct worktree *wt;
 };
 
 /* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
@@ -330,13 +332,27 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int is_head(const char *refname)
+{
+	switch (ref_type(refname)) {
+	case REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF:
+	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
+		if (parse_worktree_ref(refname, NULL, NULL, &refname))
+			BUG("not a worktree ref: %s", refname);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD");
+}
+
 static void reflog_expiry_prepare(const char *refname,
 				  const struct object_id *oid,
 				  void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 
-	if (!cb->cmd.expire_unreachable || !strcmp(refname, "HEAD")) {
+	if (!cb->cmd.expire_unreachable || is_head(refname)) {
 		cb->tip_commit = NULL;
 		cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_HEAD;
 	} else {
@@ -388,8 +404,19 @@
 {
 	struct collected_reflog *e;
 	struct collect_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct strbuf newref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(e, reflog, ref);
+	/*
+	 * Avoid collecting the same shared ref multiple times because
+	 * they are available via all worktrees.
+	 */
+	if (!cb->wt->is_current && ref_type(ref) == REF_TYPE_NORMAL)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_worktree_ref(cb->wt, &newref, ref);
+	FLEX_ALLOC_STR(e, reflog, newref.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&newref);
+
 	oidcpy(&e->oid, oid);
 	ALLOC_GROW(cb->e, cb->nr + 1, cb->alloc);
 	cb->e[cb->nr++] = e;
@@ -512,7 +539,7 @@
 {
 	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb cb;
 	timestamp_t now = time(NULL);
-	int i, status, do_all;
+	int i, status, do_all, all_worktrees = 1;
 	int explicit_expiry = 0;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
@@ -549,6 +576,8 @@
 			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all"))
 			do_all = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--single-worktree"))
+			all_worktrees = 0;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
 			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
@@ -577,10 +606,19 @@
 
 	if (do_all) {
 		struct collect_reflog_cb collected;
+		struct worktree **worktrees, **p;
 		int i;
 
 		memset(&collected, 0, sizeof(collected));
-		for_each_reflog(collect_reflog, &collected);
+		worktrees = get_worktrees(0);
+		for (p = worktrees; *p; p++) {
+			if (!all_worktrees && !(*p)->is_current)
+				continue;
+			collected.wt = *p;
+			refs_for_each_reflog(get_worktree_ref_store(*p),
+					     collect_reflog, &collected);
+		}
+		free_worktrees(worktrees);
 		for (i = 0; i < collected.nr; i++) {
 			struct collected_reflog *e = collected.e[i];
 			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
index 0223f28..4558368 100644
--- a/builtin/repack.c
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -431,8 +431,7 @@
 			char *fname, *fname_old;
 
 			if (!midx_cleared) {
-				/* if we move a packfile, it will invalidated the midx */
-				clear_midx_file(get_object_directory());
+				clear_midx_file(the_repository);
 				midx_cleared = 1;
 			}
 
@@ -550,11 +549,21 @@
 		if (!po_args.quiet && isatty(2))
 			opts |= PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE;
 		prune_packed_objects(opts);
+
+		if (!keep_unreachable &&
+		    (!(pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE) ||
+		     unpack_unreachable) &&
+		    is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
+			prune_shallow(PRUNE_QUICK);
 	}
 
 	if (!no_update_server_info)
 		update_server_info(0);
 	remove_temporary_files();
+
+	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX, 0))
+		write_midx_file(get_object_directory());
+
 	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&rollback, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&existing_packs, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index e89ccbc..d78eeae 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
 	xpp.flags = 0;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
-	ecb.outf = outf;
+	ecb.out_hunk = NULL;
+	ecb.out_line = outf;
 	ret = xdi_diff(&minus, &plus, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 
 	free(minus.ptr);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 6d37a35..5816696 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "submodule-config.h"
 
+#define REFRESH_INDEX_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS (2 * 1000)
+
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
 	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
 	N_("git reset [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>..."),
@@ -307,6 +309,7 @@
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_reset_config, NULL);
+	git_config_get_bool("reset.quiet", &quiet);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
 						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
@@ -376,9 +379,19 @@
 			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
 			if (read_from_tree(&pathspec, &oid, intent_to_add))
 				return 1;
-			if (get_git_work_tree())
+			if (!quiet && get_git_work_tree()) {
+				uint64_t t_begin, t_delta_in_ms;
+
+				t_begin = getnanotime();
 				refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
 					      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+				t_delta_in_ms = (getnanotime() - t_begin) / 1000000;
+				if (advice_reset_quiet_warning && t_delta_in_ms > REFRESH_INDEX_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS) {
+					printf(_("\nIt took %.2f seconds to enumerate unstaged changes after reset.  You can\n"
+						"use '--quiet' to avoid this.  Set the config setting reset.quiet to true\n"
+						"to make this the default.\n"), t_delta_in_ms / 1000.0);
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
 			int err = reset_index(&oid, reset_type, quiet);
 			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index 5064d08..2880ed3 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -374,6 +374,7 @@
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, prefix);
 	revs.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	revs.allow_exclude_promisor_objects_opt = 1;
 	revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
 	revs.do_not_die_on_missing_tree = 1;
 
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index 455f622..10d4dab 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -765,6 +765,7 @@
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
 				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (skip_prefix(arg, "--disambiguate=", &arg)) {
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index 65f4a4c..934e514 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -604,6 +604,7 @@
 {
 	char *ep;
 	const char **base = (const char **)opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	if (!arg)
 		arg = "";
 	reflog = strtoul(arg, &ep, 10);
@@ -674,7 +675,7 @@
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
 			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
 			       "base"),
-			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			    parse_reflog_param },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 2f13f13..ed888ff 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
 static int exclude_existing_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 				     int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	exclude_arg = 1;
 	*(const char **)opt->value = arg;
 	return 0;
diff --git a/builtin/submodule--helper.c b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
index 8e1db55..d38113a 100644
--- a/builtin/submodule--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
@@ -584,6 +584,26 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static char *compute_submodule_clone_url(const char *rel_url)
+{
+	char *remoteurl, *relurl;
+	char *remote = get_default_remote();
+	struct strbuf remotesb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&remotesb, "remote.%s.url", remote);
+	if (git_config_get_string(remotesb.buf, &remoteurl)) {
+		warning(_("could not look up configuration '%s'. Assuming this repository is its own authoritative upstream."), remotesb.buf);
+		remoteurl = xgetcwd();
+	}
+	relurl = relative_url(remoteurl, rel_url, NULL);
+
+	free(remote);
+	free(remoteurl);
+	strbuf_release(&remotesb);
+
+	return relurl;
+}
+
 struct init_cb {
 	const char *prefix;
 	unsigned int flags;
@@ -634,21 +654,9 @@
 		/* Possibly a url relative to parent */
 		if (starts_with_dot_dot_slash(url) ||
 		    starts_with_dot_slash(url)) {
-			char *remoteurl, *relurl;
-			char *remote = get_default_remote();
-			struct strbuf remotesb = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addf(&remotesb, "remote.%s.url", remote);
-			free(remote);
-
-			if (git_config_get_string(remotesb.buf, &remoteurl)) {
-				warning(_("could not lookup configuration '%s'. Assuming this repository is its own authoritative upstream."), remotesb.buf);
-				remoteurl = xgetcwd();
-			}
-			relurl = relative_url(remoteurl, url, NULL);
-			strbuf_release(&remotesb);
-			free(remoteurl);
-			free(url);
-			url = relurl;
+			char *oldurl = url;
+			url = compute_submodule_clone_url(oldurl);
+			free(oldurl);
 		}
 
 		if (git_config_set_gently(sb.buf, url))
@@ -1582,6 +1590,7 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *displaypath = NULL;
 	int needs_cloning = 0;
+	int need_free_url = 0;
 
 	if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 		if (suc->recursive_prefix)
@@ -1630,8 +1639,14 @@
 
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "submodule.%s.url", sub->name);
-	if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, sb.buf, &url))
-		url = sub->url;
+	if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, sb.buf, &url)) {
+		if (starts_with_dot_slash(sub->url) ||
+		    starts_with_dot_dot_slash(sub->url)) {
+			url = compute_submodule_clone_url(sub->url);
+			need_free_url = 1;
+		} else
+			url = sub->url;
+	}
 
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/.git", ce->name);
@@ -1677,6 +1692,8 @@
 cleanup:
 	strbuf_reset(&displaypath_sb);
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	if (need_free_url)
+		free((void*)url);
 
 	return needs_cloning;
 }
@@ -2124,6 +2141,45 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int module_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	enum {
+		CHECK_WRITEABLE = 1
+	} command = 0;
+
+	struct option module_config_options[] = {
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "check-writeable", &command,
+			    N_("check if it is safe to write to the .gitmodules file"),
+			    CHECK_WRITEABLE),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	const char *const git_submodule_helper_usage[] = {
+		N_("git submodule--helper config name [value]"),
+		N_("git submodule--helper config --check-writeable"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, module_config_options,
+			     git_submodule_helper_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+
+	if (argc == 1 && command == CHECK_WRITEABLE)
+		return is_writing_gitmodules_ok() ? 0 : -1;
+
+	/* Equivalent to ACTION_GET in builtin/config.c */
+	if (argc == 2)
+		return print_config_from_gitmodules(the_repository, argv[1]);
+
+	/* Equivalent to ACTION_SET in builtin/config.c */
+	if (argc == 3) {
+		if (!is_writing_gitmodules_ok())
+			die(_("please make sure that the .gitmodules file is in the working tree"));
+
+		return config_set_in_gitmodules_file_gently(argv[1], argv[2]);
+	}
+
+	usage_with_options(git_submodule_helper_usage, module_config_options);
+}
+
 #define SUPPORT_SUPER_PREFIX (1<<0)
 
 struct cmd_struct {
@@ -2153,6 +2209,7 @@
 	{"absorb-git-dirs", absorb_git_dirs, SUPPORT_SUPER_PREFIX},
 	{"is-active", is_active, 0},
 	{"check-name", check_name, 0},
+	{"config", module_config, 0},
 };
 
 int cmd_submodule__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index f623632..02f6bd1 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -338,6 +338,8 @@
 {
 	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (!arg)
 		return -1;
 	if (msg->buf.len)
@@ -390,8 +392,8 @@
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
 		OPT_BOOL('a', "annotate", &annotate,
 					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
-			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+		  N_("tag message"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_msg_arg },
 		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
 		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of tag message")),
 		OPT_BOOL('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 07c10bc..31e7cce 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@
 static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
 {
 	setup_work_tree();
-	read_cache_preload(NULL);
+	read_cache();
 	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -790,12 +790,16 @@
 static int refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	return refresh(opt->value, 0);
 }
 
 static int really_refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	return refresh(opt->value, REFRESH_REALLY);
 }
 
@@ -803,6 +807,7 @@
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	char *flip = opt->value;
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	if ((arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+') || arg[1] != 'x' || arg[2])
 		return error("option 'chmod' expects \"+x\" or \"-x\"");
 	*flip = arg[0];
@@ -812,6 +817,8 @@
 static int resolve_undo_clear_callback(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
 	resolve_undo_clear();
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -847,6 +854,8 @@
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (!parse_new_style_cacheinfo(ctx->argv[1], &mode, &oid, &path)) {
 		if (add_cacheinfo(mode, &oid, path, 0))
 			die("git update-index: --cacheinfo cannot add %s", path);
@@ -869,6 +878,8 @@
 {
 	int *nul_term_line = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (ctx->argc != 1)
 		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
 	allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
@@ -881,6 +892,8 @@
 {
 	int *read_from_stdin = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (ctx->argc != 1)
 		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
 	*read_from_stdin = 1;
@@ -888,11 +901,13 @@
 }
 
 static int unresolve_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
 {
 	int *has_errors = opt->value;
 	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	/* consume remaining arguments. */
 	*has_errors = do_unresolve(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
 				prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
@@ -905,11 +920,13 @@
 }
 
 static int reupdate_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
 {
 	int *has_errors = opt->value;
 	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	/* consume remaining arguments. */
 	setup_work_tree();
 	*has_errors = do_reupdate(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index 25d9116..0188797 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
+	init_archivers();
+
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
 	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
 	for (;;) {
diff --git a/builtin/worktree.c b/builtin/worktree.c
index c4abbde..5e84026 100644
--- a/builtin/worktree.c
+++ b/builtin/worktree.c
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
 	if (!wt)
 		goto done;
 
-	locked = !!is_worktree_locked(wt);
+	locked = !!worktree_lock_reason(wt);
 	if ((!locked && opts->force) || (locked && opts->force > 1)) {
 		if (delete_git_dir(wt->id))
 		    die(_("unable to re-add worktree '%s'"), path);
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
 	if (is_main_worktree(wt))
 		die(_("The main working tree cannot be locked or unlocked"));
 
-	old_reason = is_worktree_locked(wt);
+	old_reason = worktree_lock_reason(wt);
 	if (old_reason) {
 		if (*old_reason)
 			die(_("'%s' is already locked, reason: %s"),
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@
 		die(_("'%s' is not a working tree"), av[0]);
 	if (is_main_worktree(wt))
 		die(_("The main working tree cannot be locked or unlocked"));
-	if (!is_worktree_locked(wt))
+	if (!worktree_lock_reason(wt))
 		die(_("'%s' is not locked"), av[0]);
 	ret = unlink_or_warn(git_common_path("worktrees/%s/locked", wt->id));
 	free_worktrees(worktrees);
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@
 	validate_no_submodules(wt);
 
 	if (force < 2)
-		reason = is_worktree_locked(wt);
+		reason = worktree_lock_reason(wt);
 	if (reason) {
 		if (*reason)
 			die(_("cannot move a locked working tree, lock reason: %s\nuse 'move -f -f' to override or unlock first"),
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
 	if (is_main_worktree(wt))
 		die(_("'%s' is a main working tree"), av[0]);
 	if (force < 2)
-		reason = is_worktree_locked(wt);
+		reason = worktree_lock_reason(wt);
 	if (reason) {
 		if (*reason)
 			die(_("cannot remove a locked working tree, lock reason: %s\nuse 'remove -f -f' to override or unlock first"),
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 1ef584b..88c3e16 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 }
 
 
-/* Write the pack data to bundle_fd, then close it if it is > 1. */
+/* Write the pack data to bundle_fd */
 static int write_pack_data(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
@@ -256,6 +256,20 @@
 	pack_objects.in = -1;
 	pack_objects.out = bundle_fd;
 	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * start_command() will close our descriptor if it's >1. Duplicate it
+	 * to avoid surprising the caller.
+	 */
+	if (pack_objects.out > 1) {
+		pack_objects.out = dup(pack_objects.out);
+		if (pack_objects.out < 0) {
+			error_errno(_("unable to dup bundle descriptor"));
+			child_process_clear(&pack_objects);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
 		return error(_("Could not spawn pack-objects"));
 
@@ -421,21 +435,10 @@
 	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
 	if (bundle_to_stdout)
 		bundle_fd = 1;
-	else {
+	else
 		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
 						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
-		/*
-		 * write_pack_data() will close the fd passed to it,
-		 * but commit_lock_file() will also try to close the
-		 * lockfile's fd. So make a copy of the file
-		 * descriptor to avoid trying to close it twice.
-		 */
-		bundle_fd = dup(bundle_fd);
-		if (bundle_fd < 0)
-			die_errno("unable to dup file descriptor");
-	}
-
 	/* write signature */
 	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
 
@@ -463,10 +466,8 @@
 		goto err;
 
 	/* write pack */
-	if (write_pack_data(bundle_fd, &revs)) {
-		bundle_fd = -1; /* already closed by the above call */
+	if (write_pack_data(bundle_fd, &revs))
 		goto err;
-	}
 
 	if (!bundle_to_stdout) {
 		if (commit_lock_file(&lock))
@@ -474,11 +475,7 @@
 	}
 	return 0;
 err:
-	if (!bundle_to_stdout) {
-		if (0 <= bundle_fd)
-			close(bundle_fd);
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-	}
+	rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 	return -1;
 }
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 8b1ee42..ca36b44 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -486,6 +486,8 @@
 #define INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE "info/attributes"
 #define ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX "[attr]"
 #define GITMODULES_FILE ".gitmodules"
+#define GITMODULES_INDEX ":.gitmodules"
+#define GITMODULES_HEAD "HEAD:.gitmodules"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF "refs/notes/commits"
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
@@ -659,6 +661,9 @@
 /* Initialize and use the cache information */
 struct lock_file;
 extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
+extern void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  unsigned int refresh_flags);
 extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *,
 			      const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			      unsigned int refresh_flags);
@@ -906,14 +911,6 @@
 extern char comment_line_char;
 extern int auto_comment_line_char;
 
-/* Windows only */
-enum hide_dotfiles_type {
-	HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE = 0,
-	HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE,
-	HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY
-};
-extern enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles;
-
 enum log_refs_config {
 	LOG_REFS_UNSET = -1,
 	LOG_REFS_NONE = 0,
@@ -962,11 +959,13 @@
 extern int repository_format_precious_objects;
 extern char *repository_format_partial_clone;
 extern const char *core_partial_clone_filter_default;
+extern int repository_format_worktree_config;
 
 struct repository_format {
 	int version;
 	int precious_objects;
 	char *partial_clone; /* value of extensions.partialclone */
+	int worktree_config;
 	int is_bare;
 	int hash_algo;
 	char *work_tree;
diff --git a/ci/install-dependencies.sh b/ci/install-dependencies.sh
index 75a9fd2..06c3546 100755
--- a/ci/install-dependencies.sh
+++ b/ci/install-dependencies.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,15 @@
 
 case "$jobname" in
 linux-clang|linux-gcc)
+	sudo apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
+	sudo apt-get -q update
+	sudo apt-get -q -y install language-pack-is git-svn apache2
+	case "$jobname" in
+	linux-gcc)
+		sudo apt-get -q -y install gcc-8
+		;;
+	esac
+
 	mkdir --parents "$P4_PATH"
 	pushd "$P4_PATH"
 		wget --quiet "$P4WHENCE/bin.linux26x86_64/p4d"
@@ -32,11 +41,25 @@
 	brew link --force gettext
 	brew install caskroom/cask/perforce
 	;;
+StaticAnalysis)
+	sudo apt-get -q update
+	sudo apt-get -q -y install coccinelle
+	;;
+Documentation)
+	sudo apt-get -q update
+	sudo apt-get -q -y install asciidoc xmlto
+	;;
 esac
 
-echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Server Version$(tput sgr0)"
-p4d -V | grep Rev.
-echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Client Version$(tput sgr0)"
-p4 -V | grep Rev.
-echo "$(tput setaf 6)Git-LFS Version$(tput sgr0)"
-git-lfs version
+if type p4d >/dev/null && type p4 >/dev/null
+then
+	echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Server Version$(tput sgr0)"
+	p4d -V | grep Rev.
+	echo "$(tput setaf 6)Perforce Client Version$(tput sgr0)"
+	p4 -V | grep Rev.
+fi
+if type git-lfs >/dev/null
+then
+	echo "$(tput setaf 6)Git-LFS Version$(tput sgr0)"
+	git-lfs version
+fi
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index 10155e0..ad7752e 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -345,38 +345,43 @@
 	struct sline *lost_bucket;
 };
 
+static void consume_hunk(void *state_,
+			 long ob, long on,
+			 long nb, long nn,
+			 const char *funcline, long funclen)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_state *state = state_;
+
+	state->ob = ob;
+	state->on = on;
+	state->nb = nb;
+	state->nn = nn;
+	state->lno = state->nb;
+	if (state->nn == 0) {
+		/* @@ -X,Y +N,0 @@ removed Y lines
+		 * that would have come *after* line N
+		 * in the result.  Our lost buckets hang
+		 * to the line after the removed lines,
+		 *
+		 * Note that this is correct even when N == 0,
+		 * in which case the hunk removes the first
+		 * line in the file.
+		 */
+		state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb];
+		if (!state->nb)
+			state->nb = 1;
+	} else {
+		state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb-1];
+	}
+	if (!state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno)
+		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno =
+			xcalloc(state->num_parent, sizeof(unsigned long));
+	state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
+}
+
 static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	struct combine_diff_state *state = state_;
-	if (5 < len && !memcmp("@@ -", line, 4)) {
-		if (parse_hunk_header(line, len,
-				      &state->ob, &state->on,
-				      &state->nb, &state->nn))
-			return;
-		state->lno = state->nb;
-		if (state->nn == 0) {
-			/* @@ -X,Y +N,0 @@ removed Y lines
-			 * that would have come *after* line N
-			 * in the result.  Our lost buckets hang
-			 * to the line after the removed lines,
-			 *
-			 * Note that this is correct even when N == 0,
-			 * in which case the hunk removes the first
-			 * line in the file.
-			 */
-			state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb];
-			if (!state->nb)
-				state->nb = 1;
-		} else {
-			state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb-1];
-		}
-		if (!state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno)
-			state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno =
-				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
-					sizeof(unsigned long));
-		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		return;
-	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
 		return; /* not in any hunk yet */
 	switch (line[0]) {
@@ -421,8 +426,8 @@
 	state.num_parent = num_parent;
 	state.n = n;
 
-	if (xdi_diff_outf(&parent_file, result_file, consume_line, &state,
-			  &xpp, &xecfg))
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(&parent_file, result_file, consume_hunk,
+			  consume_line, &state, &xpp, &xecfg))
 		die("unable to generate combined diff for %s",
 		    oid_to_hex(parent));
 	free(parent_file.ptr);
diff --git a/commit-reach.c b/commit-reach.c
index a9da65c..d5a39de 100644
--- a/commit-reach.c
+++ b/commit-reach.c
@@ -690,3 +690,72 @@
 	object_array_clear(&from_objs);
 	return result;
 }
+
+struct commit_list *get_reachable_subset(struct commit **from, int nr_from,
+					 struct commit **to, int nr_to,
+					 unsigned int reachable_flag)
+{
+	struct commit **item;
+	struct commit *current;
+	struct commit_list *found_commits = NULL;
+	struct commit **to_last = to + nr_to;
+	struct commit **from_last = from + nr_from;
+	uint32_t min_generation = GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY;
+	int num_to_find = 0;
+
+	struct prio_queue queue = { compare_commits_by_gen_then_commit_date };
+
+	for (item = to; item < to_last; item++) {
+		struct commit *c = *item;
+
+		parse_commit(c);
+		if (c->generation < min_generation)
+			min_generation = c->generation;
+
+		if (!(c->object.flags & PARENT1)) {
+			c->object.flags |= PARENT1;
+			num_to_find++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (item = from; item < from_last; item++) {
+		struct commit *c = *item;
+		if (!(c->object.flags & PARENT2)) {
+			c->object.flags |= PARENT2;
+			parse_commit(c);
+
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, *item);
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (num_to_find && (current = prio_queue_get(&queue)) != NULL) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (current->object.flags & PARENT1) {
+			current->object.flags &= ~PARENT1;
+			current->object.flags |= reachable_flag;
+			commit_list_insert(current, &found_commits);
+			num_to_find--;
+		}
+
+		for (parents = current->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+
+			parse_commit(p);
+
+			if (p->generation < min_generation)
+				continue;
+
+			if (p->object.flags & PARENT2)
+				continue;
+
+			p->object.flags |= PARENT2;
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, p);
+		}
+	}
+
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_to, to, PARENT1);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_from, from, PARENT2);
+
+	return found_commits;
+}
diff --git a/commit-reach.h b/commit-reach.h
index 122a23a..fb8082a 100644
--- a/commit-reach.h
+++ b/commit-reach.h
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #ifndef COMMIT_REACH_H
 #define COMMIT_REACH_H
 
+#include "commit.h"
 #include "commit-slab.h"
 
-struct commit;
 struct commit_list;
-struct contains_cache;
 struct ref_filter;
+struct object_id;
+struct object_array;
 
 struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 					 int n,
@@ -74,4 +75,17 @@
 int can_all_from_reach(struct commit_list *from, struct commit_list *to,
 		       int commit_date_cutoff);
 
+
+/*
+ * Return a list of commits containing the commits in the 'to' array
+ * that are reachable from at least one commit in the 'from' array.
+ * Also add the given 'flag' to each of the commits in the returned list.
+ *
+ * This method uses the PARENT1 and PARENT2 flags during its operation,
+ * so be sure these flags are not set before calling the method.
+ */
+struct commit_list *get_reachable_subset(struct commit **from, int nr_from,
+					 struct commit **to, int nr_to,
+					 unsigned int reachable_flag);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index d566d7e..d13a7bc 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -657,11 +657,10 @@
 /* count number of children that have not been emitted */
 define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
 
-/* record author-date for each commit object */
 define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, timestamp_t);
 
-static void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
-			       struct commit *commit)
+void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			struct commit *commit)
 {
 	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
 	struct ident_split ident;
@@ -686,8 +685,8 @@
 	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
 }
 
-static int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
-					  void *cb_data)
+int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
+				   void *cb_data)
 {
 	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
 	struct author_date_slab *author_date = cb_data;
@@ -1100,7 +1099,33 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void verify_merge_signature(struct commit *commit, int verbosity)
+{
+	char hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
 
+	check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(hex, &commit->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	switch (signature_check.result) {
+	case 'G':
+		break;
+	case 'U':
+		die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+		      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+	case 'B':
+		die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+		      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+	default: /* 'N' */
+		die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+	}
+	if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+		printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+		       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+	signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+}
 
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 6c4428c..9866453 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "pretty.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
 
 #define COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH 0xFFFFFFFF
 #define GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY 0xFFFFFFFF
@@ -251,7 +252,9 @@
 					   uint32_t **used,
 					   int *ref_status);
 extern int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c);
-extern void prune_shallow(int show_only);
+#define PRUNE_SHOW_ONLY 1
+#define PRUNE_QUICK 2
+extern void prune_shallow(unsigned options);
 extern struct trace_key trace_shallow;
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
@@ -331,6 +334,20 @@
  */
 extern int check_commit_signature(const struct commit *commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
 
+/* record author-date for each commit object */
+struct author_date_slab;
+void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			struct commit *commit);
+
+int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
+
+/*
+ * Verify a single commit with check_commit_signature() and die() if it is not
+ * a good signature. This isn't really suitable for general use, but is a
+ * helper to implement consistent logic for pull/merge --verify-signatures.
+ */
+void verify_merge_signature(struct commit *commit, int verbose);
+
 int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
 int compare_commits_by_gen_then_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
 
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index 81ef242..34b3880 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "../run-command.h"
 #include "../cache.h"
 #include "win32/lazyload.h"
+#include "../config.h"
 
 #define HCAST(type, handle) ((type)(intptr_t)handle)
 
@@ -203,6 +204,35 @@
 	}
 }
 
+/* Windows only */
+enum hide_dotfiles_type {
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE = 0,
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE,
+	HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY
+};
+
+static enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
+static char *unset_environment_variables;
+
+int mingw_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.hidedotfiles")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "dotgitonly"))
+			hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
+		else
+			hide_dotfiles = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.unsetenvvars")) {
+		free(unset_environment_variables);
+		unset_environment_variables = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Normalizes NT paths as returned by some low-level APIs. */
 static wchar_t *normalize_ntpath(wchar_t *wbuf)
 {
@@ -618,9 +648,11 @@
 	return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 }
 
-static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
+static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
 {
-	return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
+	long long hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(ft);
+	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(hnsec / 10000000);
+	ts->tv_nsec = (hnsec % 10000000) * 100;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -679,9 +711,9 @@
 		buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 			(((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
-		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
-		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+		filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime), &(buf->st_atim));
+		filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime), &(buf->st_mtim));
+		filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime), &(buf->st_ctim));
 		if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 			WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
@@ -762,6 +794,29 @@
 	return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 }
 
+static int get_file_info_by_handle(HANDLE hnd, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
+
+	if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hnd, &fdata)) {
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	buf->st_ino = 0;
+	buf->st_gid = 0;
+	buf->st_uid = 0;
+	buf->st_nlink = 1;
+	buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+	buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+		(((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+	buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+	filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime), &(buf->st_atim));
+	filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime), &(buf->st_mtim));
+	filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime), &(buf->st_ctim));
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
@@ -774,32 +829,31 @@
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
-	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
+	DWORD avail, type = GetFileType(fh) & ~FILE_TYPE_REMOTE;
 
-	if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case FILE_TYPE_DISK:
+		return get_file_info_by_handle(fh, buf);
+
+	case FILE_TYPE_CHAR:
+	case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
+		/* initialize stat fields */
+		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+		buf->st_nlink = 1;
+
+		if (type == FILE_TYPE_CHAR) {
+			buf->st_mode = _S_IFCHR;
+		} else {
+			buf->st_mode = _S_IFIFO;
+			if (PeekNamedPipe(fh, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL))
+				buf->st_size = avail;
+		}
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
 		errno = EBADF;
 		return -1;
 	}
-	/* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
-	if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
-		return _fstati64(fd, buf);
-
-	if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
-		buf->st_ino = 0;
-		buf->st_gid = 0;
-		buf->st_uid = 0;
-		buf->st_nlink = 1;
-		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
-		buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
-			(((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
-		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
-		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
-		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
-		return 0;
-	}
-	errno = EBADF;
-	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
@@ -974,8 +1028,8 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
- * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
+ * See "Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments" at Microsoft's Docs:
+ * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/parsing-cpp-command-line-arguments
  */
 static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 {
@@ -1117,44 +1171,142 @@
 	return prog;
 }
 
-static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
+static const wchar_t *wcschrnul(const wchar_t *s, wchar_t c)
+{
+	while (*s && *s != c)
+		s++;
+	return s;
+}
 
-/* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
-static int environ_size = 0;
-/* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
-static int environ_alloc = 0;
+/* Compare only keys */
+static int wenvcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	wchar_t *p = *(wchar_t **)a, *q = *(wchar_t **)b;
+	size_t p_len, q_len;
+
+	/* Find the keys */
+	p_len = wcschrnul(p, L'=') - p;
+	q_len = wcschrnul(q, L'=') - q;
+
+	/* If the length differs, include the shorter key's NUL */
+	if (p_len < q_len)
+		p_len++;
+	else if (p_len > q_len)
+		p_len = q_len + 1;
+
+	return _wcsnicmp(p, q, p_len);
+}
+
+/* We need a stable sort to convert the environment between UTF-16 <-> UTF-8 */
+#ifndef INTERNAL_QSORT
+#include "qsort.c"
+#endif
 
 /*
- * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
- * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
+ * Build an environment block combining the inherited environment
+ * merged with the given list of settings.
+ *
+ * Values of the form "KEY=VALUE" in deltaenv override inherited values.
+ * Values of the form "KEY" in deltaenv delete inherited values.
+ *
+ * Multiple entries in deltaenv for the same key are explicitly allowed.
+ *
+ * We return a contiguous block of UNICODE strings with a final trailing
+ * zero word.
  */
 static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
 {
-	wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
-	char **tmpenv;
-	int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
+	wchar_t *wenv = GetEnvironmentStringsW(), *wdeltaenv, *result, *p;
+	size_t wlen, s, delta_size, size;
 
-	while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
-		i++;
+	wchar_t **array = NULL;
+	size_t alloc = 0, nr = 0, i;
 
-	/* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
-	ALLOC_ARRAY(tmpenv, size + i);
-	memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
+	size = 1; /* for extra NUL at the end */
 
-	/* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
-	for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
-		size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
+	/* If there is no deltaenv to apply, simply return a copy. */
+	if (!deltaenv || !*deltaenv) {
+		for (p = wenv; p && *p; ) {
+			size_t s = wcslen(p) + 1;
+			size += s;
+			p += s;
+		}
 
-	/* create environment block from temporary environment */
-	for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
-		size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
-		ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
-		wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(result, size);
+		memcpy(result, wenv, size * sizeof(*wenv));
+		FreeEnvironmentStringsW(wenv);
+		return result;
 	}
-	/* add final \0 terminator */
-	wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
-	free(tmpenv);
-	return wenvblk;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a deltaenv, let's accumulate all keys into `array`,
+	 * sort them using the stable git_qsort() and then copy, skipping
+	 * duplicate keys
+	 */
+	for (p = wenv; p && *p; ) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(array, nr + 1, alloc);
+		s = wcslen(p) + 1;
+		array[nr++] = p;
+		p += s;
+		size += s;
+	}
+
+	/* (over-)assess size needed for wchar version of deltaenv */
+	for (delta_size = 0, i = 0; deltaenv[i]; i++)
+		delta_size += strlen(deltaenv[i]) * 2 + 1;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(wdeltaenv, delta_size);
+
+	/* convert the deltaenv, appending to array */
+	for (i = 0, p = wdeltaenv; deltaenv[i]; i++) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(array, nr + 1, alloc);
+		wlen = xutftowcs(p, deltaenv[i], wdeltaenv + delta_size - p);
+		array[nr++] = p;
+		p += wlen + 1;
+	}
+
+	git_qsort(array, nr, sizeof(*array), wenvcmp);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(result, size + delta_size);
+
+	for (p = result, i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		/* Skip any duplicate keys; last one wins */
+		while (i + 1 < nr && !wenvcmp(array + i, array + i + 1))
+		       i++;
+
+		/* Skip "to delete" entry */
+		if (!wcschr(array[i], L'='))
+			continue;
+
+		size = wcslen(array[i]) + 1;
+		memcpy(p, array[i], size * sizeof(*p));
+		p += size;
+	}
+	*p = L'\0';
+
+	free(array);
+	free(wdeltaenv);
+	FreeEnvironmentStringsW(wenv);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void do_unset_environment_variables(void)
+{
+	static int done;
+	char *p = unset_environment_variables;
+
+	if (done || !p)
+		return;
+	done = 1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char *comma = strchr(p, ',');
+
+		if (comma)
+			*comma = '\0';
+		unsetenv(p);
+		if (!comma)
+			break;
+		p = comma + 1;
+	}
 }
 
 struct pinfo_t {
@@ -1175,9 +1327,12 @@
 	wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
 	unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
 	BOOL ret;
+	HANDLE cons;
+
+	do_unset_environment_variables();
 
 	/* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
-	HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
+	cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
 			FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
 			FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 	if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
@@ -1396,87 +1551,83 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Compare environment entries by key (i.e. stopping at '=' or '\0').
+ * UTF-8 versions of getenv(), putenv() and unsetenv().
+ * Internally, they use the CRT's stock UNICODE routines
+ * to avoid data loss.
  */
-static int compareenv(const void *v1, const void *v2)
-{
-	const char *e1 = *(const char**)v1;
-	const char *e2 = *(const char**)v2;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		int c1 = *e1++;
-		int c2 = *e2++;
-		c1 = (c1 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c1);
-		c2 = (c2 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c2);
-		if (c1 > c2)
-			return 1;
-		if (c1 < c2)
-			return -1;
-		if (c1 == 0)
-			return 0;
-	}
-}
-
-static int bsearchenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t size)
-{
-	unsigned low = 0, high = size;
-	while (low < high) {
-		unsigned mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
-		int cmp = compareenv(&env[mid], &name);
-		if (cmp < 0)
-			low = mid + 1;
-		else if (cmp > 0)
-			high = mid;
-		else
-			return mid;
-	}
-	return ~low; /* not found, return 1's complement of insert position */
-}
-
-/*
- * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
- * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
- * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
- */
-static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
-{
-	int i = bsearchenv(env, name, size - 1);
-
-	/* optionally free removed / replaced entry */
-	if (i >= 0 && free_old)
-		free(env[i]);
-
-	if (strchr(name, '=')) {
-		/* if new value ('key=value') is specified, insert or replace entry */
-		if (i < 0) {
-			i = ~i;
-			memmove(&env[i + 1], &env[i], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
-			size++;
-		}
-		env[i] = (char*) name;
-	} else if (i >= 0) {
-		/* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
-		size--;
-		memmove(&env[i], &env[i + 1], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
-	}
-	return size;
-}
-
 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
 {
+#define GETENV_MAX_RETAIN 30
+	static char *values[GETENV_MAX_RETAIN];
+	static int value_counter;
+	int len_key, len_value;
+	wchar_t *w_key;
 	char *value;
-	int pos = bsearchenv(environ, name, environ_size - 1);
-	if (pos < 0)
+	wchar_t w_value[32768];
+
+	if (!name || !*name)
 		return NULL;
-	value = strchr(environ[pos], '=');
-	return value ? &value[1] : NULL;
+
+	len_key = strlen(name) + 1;
+	/* We cannot use xcalloc() here because that uses getenv() itself */
+	w_key = calloc(len_key, sizeof(wchar_t));
+	if (!w_key)
+		die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u wchar_t's)", len_key);
+	xutftowcs(w_key, name, len_key);
+	len_value = GetEnvironmentVariableW(w_key, w_value, ARRAY_SIZE(w_value));
+	if (!len_value && GetLastError() == ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND) {
+		free(w_key);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	free(w_key);
+
+	len_value = len_value * 3 + 1;
+	/* We cannot use xcalloc() here because that uses getenv() itself */
+	value = calloc(len_value, sizeof(char));
+	if (!value)
+		die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u bytes)", len_value);
+	xwcstoutf(value, w_value, len_value);
+
+	/*
+	 * We return `value` which is an allocated value and the caller is NOT
+	 * expecting to have to free it, so we keep a round-robin array,
+	 * invalidating the buffer after GETENV_MAX_RETAIN getenv() calls.
+	 */
+	free(values[value_counter]);
+	values[value_counter++] = value;
+	if (value_counter >= ARRAY_SIZE(values))
+		value_counter = 0;
+
+	return value;
 }
 
 int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
 {
-	ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
-	environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
-	return 0;
+	int size;
+	wchar_t *wide, *equal;
+	BOOL result;
+
+	if (!namevalue || !*namevalue)
+		return 0;
+
+	size = strlen(namevalue) * 2 + 1;
+	wide = calloc(size, sizeof(wchar_t));
+	if (!wide)
+		die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u wchar_t's)", size);
+	xutftowcs(wide, namevalue, size);
+	equal = wcschr(wide, L'=');
+	if (!equal)
+		result = SetEnvironmentVariableW(wide, NULL);
+	else {
+		*equal = L'\0';
+		result = SetEnvironmentVariableW(wide, equal + 1);
+	}
+	free(wide);
+
+	if (!result)
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+
+	return result ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2060,24 +2211,12 @@
 
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 {
-	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
-	static T create_hard_link = NULL;
 	wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
 	if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
 		xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!create_hard_link) {
-		create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
-			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
-		if (!create_hard_link)
-			create_hard_link = (T)-1;
-	}
-	if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
-		errno = ENOSYS;
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
+	if (!CreateHardLinkW(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -2384,17 +2523,6 @@
 	maxlen = wcslen(wargv[0]);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
 		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
-	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
-		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
-
-	/*
-	 * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
-	 * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
-	 * use it while initializing the environment itself.
-	 */
-	environ_size = i + 1;
-	environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
-	environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
 
 	/* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
 	maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
@@ -2403,17 +2531,13 @@
 	/* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
 		__argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
-	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
-		environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
-	environ[i] = NULL;
 	free(buffer);
 
-	/* sort environment for O(log n) getenv / putenv */
-	qsort(environ, i, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
-
 	/* fix Windows specific environment settings */
 	setup_windows_environment();
 
+	unset_environment_variables = xstrdup("PERL5LIB");
+
 	/* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
 	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
 
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index f31dcff..8c24dda 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #undef _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
 #endif
 
+extern int mingw_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+#define platform_core_config mingw_core_config
+
 /*
  * things that are not available in header files
  */
@@ -257,11 +260,35 @@
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
 #define getcwd mingw_getcwd
 
+#ifdef NO_UNSETENV
+#error "NO_UNSETENV is incompatible with the Windows-specific startup code!"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * We bind *env() routines (even the mingw_ ones) to private mingw_ versions.
+ * These talk to the CRT using UNICODE/wchar_t, but maintain the original
+ * narrow-char API.
+ *
+ * Note that the MSCRT maintains both ANSI (getenv()) and UNICODE (_wgetenv())
+ * routines and stores both versions of each environment variable in parallel
+ * (and secretly updates both when you set one or the other), but it uses CP_ACP
+ * to do the conversion rather than CP_UTF8.
+ *
+ * Since everything in the git code base is UTF8, we define the mingw_ routines
+ * to access the CRT using the UNICODE routines and manually convert them to
+ * UTF8.  This also avoids round-trip problems.
+ *
+ * This also helps with our linkage, since "_wenviron" is publicly exported
+ * from the CRT.  But to access "_environ" we would have to statically link
+ * to the CRT (/MT).
+ *
+ * We require NO_SETENV (and let gitsetenv() call our mingw_putenv).
+ */
+#define getenv       mingw_getenv
+#define putenv       mingw_putenv
+#define unsetenv     mingw_putenv
 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name);
-#define getenv mingw_getenv
-int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue);
-#define putenv mingw_putenv
-#define unsetenv mingw_putenv
+int   mingw_putenv(const char *name);
 
 int mingw_gethostname(char *host, int namelen);
 #define gethostname mingw_gethostname
@@ -327,18 +354,41 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows.
+ * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows,
+ * including our own struct stat with 64 bit st_size and nanosecond-precision
+ * file times.
  */
 #ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
+struct timespec {
+	time_t tv_sec;
+	long tv_nsec;
+};
 #endif
 
-/* use struct stat with 64 bit st_size */
+struct mingw_stat {
+    _dev_t st_dev;
+    _ino_t st_ino;
+    _mode_t st_mode;
+    short st_nlink;
+    short st_uid;
+    short st_gid;
+    _dev_t st_rdev;
+    off64_t st_size;
+    struct timespec st_atim;
+    struct timespec st_mtim;
+    struct timespec st_ctim;
+};
+
+#define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
+#define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
+#define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
+
 #ifdef stat
 #undef stat
 #endif
-#define stat _stati64
+#define stat mingw_stat
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
@@ -351,13 +401,6 @@
 #endif
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
 
-#ifndef _stati64
-# define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
-#elif defined (_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
-# define _stat32i64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
-#else
-# define _stat64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
-#endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
 #define utime mingw_utime
@@ -390,6 +433,9 @@
 int winansi_isatty(int fd);
 #define isatty winansi_isatty
 
+int winansi_dup2(int oldfd, int newfd);
+#define dup2 winansi_dup2
+
 void winansi_init(void);
 HANDLE winansi_get_osfhandle(int fd);
 
diff --git a/compat/poll/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index ad5dcde..4459408 100644
--- a/compat/poll/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
+/* To bump the minimum Windows version to Windows Vista */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
 /* Tell gcc not to warn about the (nfd < 0) tests, below.  */
 #if (__GNUC__ == 4 && 3 <= __GNUC_MINOR__) || 4 < __GNUC__
 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
@@ -449,7 +452,8 @@
   static HANDLE hEvent;
   WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
   HANDLE h, handle_array[FD_SETSIZE + 2];
-  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles, start = 0, elapsed, orig_timeout = 0;
+  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles, orig_timeout = 0;
+  ULONGLONG start = 0;
   fd_set rfds, wfds, xfds;
   BOOL poll_again;
   MSG msg;
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@
   if (timeout != INFTIM)
     {
       orig_timeout = timeout;
-      start = GetTickCount();
+      start = GetTickCount64();
     }
 
   if (!hEvent)
@@ -614,8 +618,8 @@
 
   if (!rc && orig_timeout && timeout != INFTIM)
     {
-      elapsed = GetTickCount() - start;
-      timeout = elapsed >= orig_timeout ? 0 : orig_timeout - elapsed;
+      ULONGLONG elapsed = GetTickCount64() - start;
+      timeout = elapsed >= orig_timeout ? 0 : (int)(orig_timeout - elapsed);
     }
 
   if (!rc && timeout)
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
index e18f5c6..2e7eead 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.c
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -56,141 +56,3 @@
 	t.tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
 	return t;
 }
-
-int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const void *unused)
-{
-	cond->waiters = 0;
-	cond->was_broadcast = 0;
-	InitializeCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-
-	cond->sema = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, LONG_MAX, NULL);
-	if (!cond->sema)
-		die("CreateSemaphore() failed");
-
-	cond->continue_broadcast = CreateEvent(NULL,	/* security */
-				FALSE,			/* auto-reset */
-				FALSE,			/* not signaled */
-				NULL);			/* name */
-	if (!cond->continue_broadcast)
-		die("CreateEvent() failed");
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond)
-{
-	CloseHandle(cond->sema);
-	CloseHandle(cond->continue_broadcast);
-	DeleteCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, CRITICAL_SECTION *mutex)
-{
-	int last_waiter;
-
-	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-	cond->waiters++;
-	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * Unlock external mutex and wait for signal.
-	 * NOTE: we've held mutex locked long enough to increment
-	 * waiters count above, so there's no problem with
-	 * leaving mutex unlocked before we wait on semaphore.
-	 */
-	LeaveCriticalSection(mutex);
-
-	/* let's wait - ignore return value */
-	WaitForSingleObject(cond->sema, INFINITE);
-
-	/*
-	 * Decrease waiters count. If we are the last waiter, then we must
-	 * notify the broadcasting thread that it can continue.
-	 * But if we continued due to cond_signal, we do not have to do that
-	 * because the signaling thread knows that only one waiter continued.
-	 */
-	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-	cond->waiters--;
-	last_waiter = cond->was_broadcast && cond->waiters == 0;
-	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-
-	if (last_waiter) {
-		/*
-		 * cond_broadcast was issued while mutex was held. This means
-		 * that all other waiters have continued, but are contending
-		 * for the mutex at the end of this function because the
-		 * broadcasting thread did not leave cond_broadcast, yet.
-		 * (This is so that it can be sure that each waiter has
-		 * consumed exactly one slice of the semaphor.)
-		 * The last waiter must tell the broadcasting thread that it
-		 * can go on.
-		 */
-		SetEvent(cond->continue_broadcast);
-		/*
-		 * Now we go on to contend with all other waiters for
-		 * the mutex. Auf in den Kampf!
-		 */
-	}
-	/* lock external mutex again */
-	EnterCriticalSection(mutex);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * IMPORTANT: This implementation requires that pthread_cond_signal
- * is called while the mutex is held that is used in the corresponding
- * pthread_cond_wait calls!
- */
-int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond)
-{
-	int have_waiters;
-
-	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-	have_waiters = cond->waiters > 0;
-	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * Signal only when there are waiters
-	 */
-	if (have_waiters)
-		return ReleaseSemaphore(cond->sema, 1, NULL) ?
-			0 : err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
-	else
-		return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * DOUBLY IMPORTANT: This implementation requires that pthread_cond_broadcast
- * is called while the mutex is held that is used in the corresponding
- * pthread_cond_wait calls!
- */
-int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond)
-{
-	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-
-	if ((cond->was_broadcast = cond->waiters > 0)) {
-		/* wake up all waiters */
-		ReleaseSemaphore(cond->sema, cond->waiters, NULL);
-		LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-		/*
-		 * At this point all waiters continue. Each one takes its
-		 * slice of the semaphor. Now it's our turn to wait: Since
-		 * the external mutex is held, no thread can leave cond_wait,
-		 * yet. For this reason, we can be sure that no thread gets
-		 * a chance to eat *more* than one slice. OTOH, it means
-		 * that the last waiter must send us a wake-up.
-		 */
-		WaitForSingleObject(cond->continue_broadcast, INFINITE);
-		/*
-		 * Since the external mutex is held, no thread can enter
-		 * cond_wait, and, hence, it is safe to reset this flag
-		 * without cond->waiters_lock held.
-		 */
-		cond->was_broadcast = 0;
-	} else {
-		LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.h b/compat/win32/pthread.h
index 1c16408..c6cb8dd 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.h
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.h
@@ -32,27 +32,13 @@
 #define pthread_mutexattr_settype(a, t) 0
 #define PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE 0
 
-/*
- * Implement simple condition variable for Windows threads, based on ACE
- * implementation.
- *
- * See original implementation: http://bit.ly/1vkDjo
- * ACE homepage: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE.html
- * See also: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html
- */
-typedef struct {
-	LONG waiters;
-	int was_broadcast;
-	CRITICAL_SECTION waiters_lock;
-	HANDLE sema;
-	HANDLE continue_broadcast;
-} pthread_cond_t;
+#define pthread_cond_t CONDITION_VARIABLE
 
-extern int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const void *unused);
-extern int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
-extern int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, CRITICAL_SECTION *mutex);
-extern int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
-extern int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);
+#define pthread_cond_init(a,b) InitializeConditionVariable((a))
+#define pthread_cond_destroy(a) do {} while (0)
+#define pthread_cond_wait(a,b) return_0(SleepConditionVariableCS((a), (b), INFINITE))
+#define pthread_cond_signal WakeConditionVariable
+#define pthread_cond_broadcast WakeAllConditionVariable
 
 /*
  * Simple thread creation implementation using pthread API
diff --git a/compat/winansi.c b/compat/winansi.c
index a11a0f1..f4f0823 100644
--- a/compat/winansi.c
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -474,6 +474,18 @@
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+#undef dup2
+int winansi_dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
+{
+	int ret = dup2(oldfd, newfd);
+
+	if (!ret && newfd >= 0 && newfd <= 2)
+		fd_is_interactive[newfd] = oldfd < 0 || oldfd > 2 ?
+			0 : fd_is_interactive[oldfd];
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static HANDLE duplicate_handle(HANDLE hnd)
 {
 	HANDLE hresult, hproc = GetCurrentProcess();
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 4051e38..04286f7 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	/* This needs a better name */
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode")) {
@@ -1344,14 +1344,6 @@
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.hidedotfiles")) {
-		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "dotgitonly"))
-			hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
-		else
-			hide_dotfiles = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.partialclonefilter")) {
 		return git_config_string(&core_partial_clone_filter_default,
 					 var, value);
@@ -1363,7 +1355,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
-	return 0;
+	return platform_core_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
 static int git_default_i18n_config(const char *var, const char *value)
@@ -1448,13 +1440,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
+int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (starts_with(var, "core."))
-		return git_default_core_config(var, value);
+		return git_default_core_config(var, value, cb);
 
 	if (starts_with(var, "user."))
-		return git_ident_config(var, value, dummy);
+		return git_ident_config(var, value, cb);
 
 	if (starts_with(var, "i18n."))
 		return git_default_i18n_config(var, value);
@@ -1676,6 +1668,8 @@
 
 	if (opts->commondir)
 		repo_config = mkpathdup("%s/config", opts->commondir);
+	else if (opts->git_dir)
+		BUG("git_dir without commondir");
 	else
 		repo_config = NULL;
 
@@ -1695,6 +1689,17 @@
 	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0))
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 
+	/*
+	 * Note: this should have a new scope, CONFIG_SCOPE_WORKTREE.
+	 * But let's not complicate things before it's actually needed.
+	 */
+	if (repository_format_worktree_config) {
+		char *path = git_pathdup("config.worktree");
+		if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0))
+			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, path, data);
+		free(path);
+	}
+
 	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_CMDLINE;
 	if (git_config_from_parameters(fn, data) < 0)
 		die(_("unable to parse command-line config"));
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
index 8acdeb7..3ee7da0 100644
--- a/config.mak.uname
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -370,7 +370,6 @@
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
 	HAVE_WPGMPTR = YesWeDo
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
 	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
 	MMAP_PREVENTS_DELETE = UnfortunatelyYes
 	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
@@ -431,8 +430,6 @@
 	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
 	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
 	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
 	NEEDS_RESOLV =
 	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
 	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
@@ -458,7 +455,6 @@
 	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
 	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
 	# Added manually, see above.
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
 	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
 	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
 	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
@@ -518,7 +514,6 @@
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
 	HAVE_WPGMPTR = YesWeDo
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
 	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
 	MMAP_PREVENTS_DELETE = UnfortunatelyYes
 	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index e11b797..44e8c03 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -600,17 +600,14 @@
 
 if test $CURL_CONFIG != no; then
     GIT_CONF_SUBST([CURL_CONFIG])
-    if test -z "${NO_OPENSSL}"; then
-      AC_MSG_CHECKING([if Curl supports SSL])
-      if test $(curl-config --features|grep SSL) = SSL; then
-         NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL=YesPlease
-         AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
-      else
-         NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL=
-         AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-      fi
-      GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL])
+
+    if test -z "$CURL_CONFIG_OPTS"; then
+        CURL_CONFIG_OPTS="--libs"
     fi
+
+    CURL_LDFLAGS=$($CURL_CONFIG $CURL_CONFIG_OPTS)
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting CURL_LDFLAGS to '$CURL_LDFLAGS'])
+    GIT_CONF_SUBST([CURL_LDFLAGS], [$CURL_LDFLAGS])
 fi
 
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index 86b8f47..9e8ec95 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
 	if [ -z "$options" ]; then
 		# leading and trailing spaces are significant to make
 		# option removal work correctly.
-		options=" $(__git ${cmd/_/ } --git-completion-helper) $incl "
+		options=" $incl $(__git ${cmd/_/ } --git-completion-helper) "
 		for i in $excl; do
 			options="${options/ $i / }"
 		done
@@ -1521,13 +1521,9 @@
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
-__git_format_patch_options="
-	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
-	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
-	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
-	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
-	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
-	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
+__git_format_patch_extra_options="
+	--full-index --not --all --no-prefix --src-prefix=
+	--dst-prefix= --notes
 "
 
 _git_format_patch ()
@@ -1540,7 +1536,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_format_patch_options"
+		__gitcomp_builtin format-patch "$__git_format_patch_extra_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -2070,7 +2066,7 @@
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
+		__gitcomp_builtin send-email "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
 			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
 			--from --identity
 			--in-reply-to --no-chain-reply-to --no-signed-off-by-cc
@@ -2079,7 +2075,7 @@
 			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
 			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
 			--validate --no-validate
-			$__git_format_patch_options"
+			$__git_format_patch_extra_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index 49f943e..9bc15df 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -887,20 +887,49 @@
 	return n;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Do we have a pending number at the end, or when
+ * we see a new one? Let's assume it's a month day,
+ * as in "Dec 6, 1992"
+ */
+static void pending_number(struct tm *tm, int *num)
+{
+	int number = *num;
+
+	if (number) {
+		*num = 0;
+		if (tm->tm_mday < 0 && number < 32)
+			tm->tm_mday = number;
+		else if (tm->tm_mon < 0 && number < 13)
+			tm->tm_mon = number-1;
+		else if (tm->tm_year < 0) {
+			if (number > 1969 && number < 2100)
+				tm->tm_year = number - 1900;
+			else if (number > 69 && number < 100)
+				tm->tm_year = number;
+			else if (number < 38)
+				tm->tm_year = 100 + number;
+			/* We screw up for number = 00 ? */
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 static void date_now(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
 {
+	*num = 0;
 	update_tm(tm, now, 0);
 }
 
 static void date_yesterday(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
 {
+	*num = 0;
 	update_tm(tm, now, 24*60*60);
 }
 
 static void date_time(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int hour)
 {
 	if (tm->tm_hour < hour)
-		date_yesterday(tm, now, NULL);
+		update_tm(tm, now, 24*60*60);
 	tm->tm_hour = hour;
 	tm->tm_min = 0;
 	tm->tm_sec = 0;
@@ -908,16 +937,19 @@
 
 static void date_midnight(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
 {
+	pending_number(tm, num);
 	date_time(tm, now, 0);
 }
 
 static void date_noon(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
 {
+	pending_number(tm, num);
 	date_time(tm, now, 12);
 }
 
 static void date_tea(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
 {
+	pending_number(tm, num);
 	date_time(tm, now, 17);
 }
 
@@ -953,6 +985,7 @@
 {
 	time_t n = 0;
 	localtime_r(&n, tm);
+	*num = 0;
 }
 
 static const struct special {
@@ -1110,33 +1143,6 @@
 	return end;
 }
 
-/*
- * Do we have a pending number at the end, or when
- * we see a new one? Let's assume it's a month day,
- * as in "Dec 6, 1992"
- */
-static void pending_number(struct tm *tm, int *num)
-{
-	int number = *num;
-
-	if (number) {
-		*num = 0;
-		if (tm->tm_mday < 0 && number < 32)
-			tm->tm_mday = number;
-		else if (tm->tm_mon < 0 && number < 13)
-			tm->tm_mon = number-1;
-		else if (tm->tm_year < 0) {
-			if (number > 1969 && number < 2100)
-				tm->tm_year = number - 1900;
-			else if (number > 69 && number < 100)
-				tm->tm_year = number;
-			else if (number < 38)
-				tm->tm_year = 100 + number;
-			/* We screw up for number = 00 ? */
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 static timestamp_t approxidate_str(const char *date,
 				   const struct timeval *tv,
 				   int *error_ret)
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index 8647db3..e38d1ec 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -1912,19 +1912,17 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv,
+				  long minus_first, long minus_len,
+				  long plus_first, long plus_len,
+				  const char *func, long funclen)
 {
 	struct diff_words_data *diff_words = priv;
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
-	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
 	const char *line_prefix;
 
-	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
-			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
-		return;
-
 	assert(opt);
 	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
@@ -2074,8 +2072,8 @@
 	xpp.flags = 0;
 	/* as only the hunk header will be parsed, we need a 0-context */
 	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
-	if (xdi_diff_outf(&minus, &plus, fn_out_diff_words_aux, diff_words,
-			  &xpp, &xecfg))
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(&minus, &plus, fn_out_diff_words_aux, NULL,
+			  diff_words, &xpp, &xecfg))
 		die("unable to generate word diff");
 	free(minus.ptr);
 	free(plus.ptr);
@@ -3130,6 +3128,15 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static void checkdiff_consume_hunk(void *priv,
+				   long ob, long on, long nb, long nn,
+				   const char *func, long funclen)
+
+{
+	struct checkdiff_t *data = priv;
+	data->lineno = nb - 1;
+}
+
 static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	struct checkdiff_t *data = priv;
@@ -3165,12 +3172,6 @@
 			      data->o->file, set, reset, ws);
 	} else if (line[0] == ' ') {
 		data->lineno++;
-	} else if (line[0] == '@') {
-		char *plus = strchr(line, '+');
-		if (plus)
-			data->lineno = strtol(plus, NULL, 10) - 1;
-		else
-			die("invalid diff");
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3526,8 +3527,8 @@
 			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(v, NULL, 10);
 		if (o->word_diff)
 			init_diff_words_data(&ecbdata, o, one, two);
-		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, fn_out_consume, &ecbdata,
-				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, NULL, fn_out_consume,
+				  &ecbdata, &xpp, &xecfg))
 			die("unable to generate diff for %s", one->path);
 		if (o->word_diff)
 			free_diff_words_data(&ecbdata);
@@ -3637,8 +3638,8 @@
 		xpp.anchors_nr = o->anchors_nr;
 		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
 		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffstat_consume, diffstat,
-				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, discard_hunk_line,
+				  diffstat_consume, diffstat, &xpp, &xecfg))
 			die("unable to generate diffstat for %s", one->path);
 	}
 
@@ -3686,7 +3687,8 @@
 		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 		xecfg.ctxlen = 1; /* at least one context line */
 		xpp.flags = 0;
-		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, checkdiff_consume, &data,
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, checkdiff_consume_hunk,
+				  checkdiff_consume, &data,
 				  &xpp, &xecfg))
 			die("unable to generate checkdiff for %s", one->path);
 
@@ -5666,10 +5668,6 @@
 	struct patch_id_t *data = priv;
 	int new_len;
 
-	/* Ignore line numbers when computing the SHA1 of the patch */
-	if (starts_with(line, "@@ -"))
-		return;
-
 	new_len = remove_space(line, len);
 
 	git_SHA1_Update(data->ctx, line, new_len);
@@ -5771,8 +5769,8 @@
 		xpp.flags = 0;
 		xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
 		xecfg.flags = 0;
-		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, patch_id_consume, &data,
-				  &xpp, &xecfg))
+		if (xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, discard_hunk_line,
+				  patch_id_consume, &data, &xpp, &xecfg))
 			return error("unable to generate patch-id diff for %s",
 				     p->one->path);
 	}
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index d2361e0..69fc55e 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@
 	ecbdata.hit = 0;
 	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
 	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-	if (xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata, &xpp, &xecfg))
+	if (xdi_diff_outf(one, two, discard_hunk_line, diffgrep_consume,
+			  &ecbdata, &xpp, &xecfg))
 		return 0;
 	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 47c2fca..ab6477d 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -281,8 +281,15 @@
 		       const struct pathspec_item *item)
 {
 	int i;
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (name[namelen])
+		name = to_free = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
 
 	git_check_attr(istate, name, item->attr_check);
+
+	free(to_free);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < item->attr_match_nr; i++) {
 		const char *value;
 		int matched;
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 3f3c8746..3465597 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 int repository_format_precious_objects;
 char *repository_format_partial_clone;
 const char *core_partial_clone_filter_default;
+int repository_format_worktree_config;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 const char *apply_default_whitespace;
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@
 int merge_log_config = -1;
 int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
-enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
 enum log_refs_config log_all_ref_updates = LOG_REFS_UNSET;
 
 #ifndef PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT
diff --git a/ewah/ewok_rlw.h b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
index d487966..bafa24f 100644
--- a/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
+++ b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 #define RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT (((eword_t)1 << (RLW_RUNNING_BITS + 1)) - 1)
 
-static int rlw_get_run_bit(const eword_t *word)
+static inline int rlw_get_run_bit(const eword_t *word)
 {
 	return *word & (eword_t)1;
 }
diff --git a/fetch-object.h b/fetch-object.h
index d2f996d..d6444ca 100644
--- a/fetch-object.h
+++ b/fetch-object.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef FETCH_OBJECT_H
 #define FETCH_OBJECT_H
 
+struct object_id;
+
 void fetch_objects(const char *remote_name, const struct object_id *oids,
 		   int oid_nr);
 
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index b3ed712..9691046 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1248,6 +1248,18 @@
 	    reader->status != PACKET_READ_DELIM)
 		die(_("error processing acks: %d"), reader->status);
 
+	/*
+	 * If an "acknowledgments" section is sent, a packfile is sent if and
+	 * only if "ready" was sent in this section. The other sections
+	 * ("shallow-info" and "wanted-refs") are sent only if a packfile is
+	 * sent. Therefore, a DELIM is expected if "ready" is sent, and a FLUSH
+	 * otherwise.
+	 */
+	if (received_ready && reader->status != PACKET_READ_DELIM)
+		die(_("expected packfile to be sent after 'ready'"));
+	if (!received_ready && reader->status != PACKET_READ_FLUSH)
+		die(_("expected no other sections to be sent after no 'ready'"));
+
 	/* return 0 if no common, 1 if there are common, or 2 if ready */
 	return received_ready ? 2 : (received_ack ? 1 : 0);
 }
diff --git a/generate-cmdlist.sh b/generate-cmdlist.sh
index fa1e547..709d674 100755
--- a/generate-cmdlist.sh
+++ b/generate-cmdlist.sh
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 	cat <<EOF
 static const char *config_name_list[] = {
 EOF
-	grep -h '^[a-zA-Z].*\..*::$' Documentation/*config.txt |
+	grep -h '^[a-zA-Z].*\..*::$' Documentation/*config.txt Documentation/config/*.txt |
 	sed '/deprecated/d; s/::$//; s/,  */\n/g' |
 	sort |
 	while read line
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 96a3f86..3a08d99 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -342,6 +342,14 @@
 #define _PATH_DEFPATH "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
 #endif
 
+#ifndef platform_core_config
+static inline int noop_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#define platform_core_config noop_core_config
+#endif
+
 #ifndef has_dos_drive_prefix
 static inline int git_has_dos_drive_prefix(const char *path)
 {
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index 58c6aa9..8eb63b5 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -82,8 +82,11 @@
                                      Pass an empty string to disable certificate
                                      verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
-    --smtp-auth             <str>  * Space-separated list of allowed AUTH mechanisms.
+    --smtp-auth             <str>  * Space-separated list of allowed AUTH mechanisms, or
+                                     "none" to disable authentication.
                                      This setting forces to use one of the listed mechanisms.
+    --no-smtp-auth                   Disable SMTP authentication. Shorthand for
+                                     `--smtp-auth=none`
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
     --batch-size            <int>  * send max <int> message per connection.
@@ -119,6 +122,11 @@
 	exit(1);
 }
 
+sub completion_helper {
+    print Git::command('format-patch', '--git-completion-helper');
+    exit(0);
+}
+
 # most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
 sub format_2822_time {
 	my ($time) = @_;
@@ -311,6 +319,7 @@
 # needing, first, from the command line:
 
 my $help;
+my $git_completion_helper;
 my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
                     "dump-aliases" => \$dump_aliases);
 usage() unless $rc;
@@ -341,6 +350,7 @@
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
 		    "smtp-auth=s" => \$smtp_auth,
+		    "no-smtp-auth" => sub {$smtp_auth = 'none'},
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
 		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
 		    "no-annotate" => sub {$annotate = 0},
@@ -373,9 +383,11 @@
 		    "no-xmailer" => sub {$use_xmailer = 0},
 		    "batch-size=i" => \$batch_size,
 		    "relogin-delay=i" => \$relogin_delay,
+		    "git-completion-helper" => \$git_completion_helper,
 	 );
 
 usage() if $help;
+completion_helper() if $git_completion_helper;
 unless ($rc) {
     usage();
 }
@@ -1241,7 +1253,7 @@
 # (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
 
 sub smtp_auth_maybe {
-	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth || (defined $smtp_auth && $smtp_auth eq "none")) {
 		return 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1844,7 +1856,7 @@
 	my $from = shift;
 	my $to = shift;
 
-	return $message if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');
+	return ($message, $to) if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');
 
 	require MIME::QuotedPrint;
 	require MIME::Base64;
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index c09eb3e..5e608f8 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
 	if test -z "$value"
 	then
-		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
+		value=$(git submodule--helper config submodule."$name"."$option")
 	fi
 	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
 }
@@ -164,6 +164,11 @@
 		shift
 	done
 
+	if ! git submodule--helper config --check-writeable >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		 die "$(eval_gettext "please make sure that the .gitmodules file is in the working tree")"
+	fi
+
 	if test -n "$reference_path"
 	then
 		is_absolute_path "$reference_path" ||
@@ -288,11 +293,11 @@
 	git add --no-warn-embedded-repo $force "$sm_path" ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	git submodule--helper config submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
+	git submodule--helper config submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
 	if test -n "$branch"
 	then
-		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+		git submodule--helper config submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
 	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
 	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index db17d65..8ed2745 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -73,50 +73,115 @@
 	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->gpg_status);
 	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->signer);
 	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->key);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->fingerprint);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->primary_key_fingerprint);
 }
 
+/* An exclusive status -- only one of them can appear in output */
+#define GPG_STATUS_EXCLUSIVE	(1<<0)
+/* The status includes key identifier */
+#define GPG_STATUS_KEYID	(1<<1)
+/* The status includes user identifier */
+#define GPG_STATUS_UID		(1<<2)
+/* The status includes key fingerprints */
+#define GPG_STATUS_FINGERPRINT	(1<<3)
+
+/* Short-hand for standard exclusive *SIG status with keyid & UID */
+#define GPG_STATUS_STDSIG	(GPG_STATUS_EXCLUSIVE|GPG_STATUS_KEYID|GPG_STATUS_UID)
+
 static struct {
 	char result;
 	const char *check;
+	unsigned int flags;
 } sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
-	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
-	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
-	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
-	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
-	{ 'E', "\n[GNUPG:] ERRSIG "},
-	{ 'X', "\n[GNUPG:] EXPSIG "},
-	{ 'Y', "\n[GNUPG:] EXPKEYSIG "},
-	{ 'R', "\n[GNUPG:] REVKEYSIG "},
+	{ 'G', "GOODSIG ", GPG_STATUS_STDSIG },
+	{ 'B', "BADSIG ", GPG_STATUS_STDSIG },
+	{ 'U', "TRUST_NEVER", 0 },
+	{ 'U', "TRUST_UNDEFINED", 0 },
+	{ 'E', "ERRSIG ", GPG_STATUS_EXCLUSIVE|GPG_STATUS_KEYID },
+	{ 'X', "EXPSIG ", GPG_STATUS_STDSIG },
+	{ 'Y', "EXPKEYSIG ", GPG_STATUS_STDSIG },
+	{ 'R', "REVKEYSIG ", GPG_STATUS_STDSIG },
+	{ 0, "VALIDSIG ", GPG_STATUS_FINGERPRINT },
 };
 
 static void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
 {
 	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
-	int i;
+	const char *line, *next;
+	int i, j;
+	int seen_exclusive_status = 0;
 
-	/* Iterate over all search strings */
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
-		const char *found, *next;
+	/* Iterate over all lines */
+	for (line = buf; *line; line = strchrnul(line+1, '\n')) {
+		while (*line == '\n')
+			line++;
+		/* Skip lines that don't start with GNUPG status */
+		if (!skip_prefix(line, "[GNUPG:] ", &line))
+			continue;
 
-		if (!skip_prefix(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1, &found)) {
-			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
-			if (!found)
-				continue;
-			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
-		}
-		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
-		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
-		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
-			next = strchrnul(found, ' ');
-			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
-			/* The ERRSIG message is not followed by signer information */
-			if (*next && sigc-> result != 'E') {
-				found = next + 1;
-				next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
-				sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		/* Iterate over all search strings */
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+			if (skip_prefix(line, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check, &line)) {
+				if (sigcheck_gpg_status[i].flags & GPG_STATUS_EXCLUSIVE) {
+					if (seen_exclusive_status++)
+						goto found_duplicate_status;
+				}
+
+				if (sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result)
+					sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+				/* Do we have key information? */
+				if (sigcheck_gpg_status[i].flags & GPG_STATUS_KEYID) {
+					next = strchrnul(line, ' ');
+					free(sigc->key);
+					sigc->key = xmemdupz(line, next - line);
+					/* Do we have signer information? */
+					if (*next && (sigcheck_gpg_status[i].flags & GPG_STATUS_UID)) {
+						line = next + 1;
+						next = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+						free(sigc->signer);
+						sigc->signer = xmemdupz(line, next - line);
+					}
+				}
+				/* Do we have fingerprint? */
+				if (sigcheck_gpg_status[i].flags & GPG_STATUS_FINGERPRINT) {
+					next = strchrnul(line, ' ');
+					free(sigc->fingerprint);
+					sigc->fingerprint = xmemdupz(line, next - line);
+
+					/* Skip interim fields */
+					for (j = 9; j > 0; j--) {
+						if (!*next)
+							break;
+						line = next + 1;
+						next = strchrnul(line, ' ');
+					}
+
+					next = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+					free(sigc->primary_key_fingerprint);
+					sigc->primary_key_fingerprint = xmemdupz(line, next - line);
+				}
+
+				break;
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	return;
+
+found_duplicate_status:
+	/*
+	 * GOODSIG, BADSIG etc. can occur only once for each signature.
+	 * Therefore, if we had more than one then we're dealing with multiple
+	 * signatures.  We don't support them currently, and they're rather
+	 * hard to create, so something is likely fishy and we should reject
+	 * them altogether.
+	 */
+	sigc->result = 'E';
+	/* Clear partial data to avoid confusion */
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->primary_key_fingerprint);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->fingerprint);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->signer);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(sigc->key);
 }
 
 int check_signature(const char *payload, size_t plen, const char *signature,
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index acf50c4..3e624ec 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 	char result;
 	char *signer;
 	char *key;
+	char *fingerprint;
+	char *primary_key_fingerprint;
 };
 
 void signature_check_clear(struct signature_check *sigc);
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index f6bd89e..4db1510 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -1513,7 +1513,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 int grep_use_locks;
 
 /*
@@ -1539,11 +1538,6 @@
  */
 pthread_mutex_t grep_read_mutex;
 
-#else
-#define grep_attr_lock()
-#define grep_attr_unlock()
-#endif
-
 static int match_funcname(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, char *bol, char *eol)
 {
 	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = opt->priv;
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index 1a57d12..fb04893 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -229,7 +229,6 @@
 extern struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt);
 extern int grep_threads_ok(const struct grep_opt *opt);
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 /*
  * Mutex used around access to the attributes machinery if
  * opt->use_threads.  Must be initialized/destroyed by callers!
@@ -250,9 +249,4 @@
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_read_mutex);
 }
 
-#else
-#define grep_read_lock()
-#define grep_read_unlock()
-#endif
-
 #endif
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 98ff122..3dc8c56 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -155,6 +155,16 @@
 
 static char *cached_accept_language;
 
+static char *http_ssl_backend;
+
+static int http_schannel_check_revoke = 1;
+/*
+ * With the backend being set to `schannel`, setting sslCAinfo would override
+ * the Certificate Store in cURL v7.60.0 and later, which is not what we want
+ * by default.
+ */
+static int http_schannel_use_ssl_cainfo;
+
 size_t fread_buffer(char *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
 {
 	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
@@ -302,6 +312,22 @@
 		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslbackend", var)) {
+		free(http_ssl_backend);
+		http_ssl_backend = xstrdup_or_null(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.schannelcheckrevoke", var)) {
+		http_schannel_check_revoke = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.schannelusesslcainfo", var)) {
+		http_schannel_use_ssl_cainfo = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
 		min_curl_sessions = git_config_int(var, value);
 #ifndef USE_CURL_MULTI
@@ -803,6 +829,15 @@
 	}
 #endif
 
+	if (http_ssl_backend && !strcmp("schannel", http_ssl_backend) &&
+	    !http_schannel_check_revoke) {
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x072c00
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS, CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE);
+#else
+		warning(_("CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE not suported with cURL < 7.44.0"));
+#endif
+	}
+
 	if (http_proactive_auth)
 		init_curl_http_auth(result);
 
@@ -844,7 +879,13 @@
 	if (ssl_pinnedkey != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY, ssl_pinnedkey);
 #endif
-	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
+	if (http_ssl_backend && !strcmp("schannel", http_ssl_backend) &&
+	    !http_schannel_use_ssl_cainfo) {
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, NULL);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x073400
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO, NULL);
+#endif
+	} else if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
@@ -866,8 +907,7 @@
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS,
 			 get_curl_allowed_protocols(-1));
 #else
-	warning("protocol restrictions not applied to curl redirects because\n"
-		"your curl version is too old (>= 7.19.4)");
+	warning(_("Protocol restrictions not supported with cURL < 7.19.4"));
 #endif
 	if (getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
@@ -995,6 +1035,33 @@
 	git_config(urlmatch_config_entry, &config);
 	free(normalized_url);
 
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x073800
+	if (http_ssl_backend) {
+		const curl_ssl_backend **backends;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		switch (curl_global_sslset(-1, http_ssl_backend, &backends)) {
+		case CURLSSLSET_UNKNOWN_BACKEND:
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, _("Unsupported SSL backend '%s'. "
+					    "Supported SSL backends:"),
+					    http_ssl_backend);
+			for (i = 0; backends[i]; i++)
+				strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n\t%s", backends[i]->name);
+			die("%s", buf.buf);
+		case CURLSSLSET_NO_BACKENDS:
+			die(_("Could not set SSL backend to '%s': "
+			      "cURL was built without SSL backends"),
+			    http_ssl_backend);
+		case CURLSSLSET_TOO_LATE:
+			die(_("Could not set SSL backend to '%s': already set"),
+			    http_ssl_backend);
+		case CURLSSLSET_OK:
+			break; /* Okay! */
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
 	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != CURLE_OK)
 		die("curl_global_init failed");
 
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index c0fb83d..acc2f64 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -228,7 +228,26 @@
 					      struct stage_data *src_entry1,
 					      struct stage_data *src_entry2)
 {
-	struct rename_conflict_info *ci = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rename_conflict_info));
+	struct rename_conflict_info *ci;
+
+	/*
+	 * When we have two renames involved, it's easiest to get the
+	 * correct things into stage 2 and 3, and to make sure that the
+	 * content merge puts HEAD before the other branch if we just
+	 * ensure that branch1 == o->branch1.  So, simply flip arguments
+	 * around if we don't have that.
+	 */
+	if (dst_entry2 && branch1 != o->branch1) {
+		setup_rename_conflict_info(rename_type,
+					   pair2,      pair1,
+					   branch2,    branch1,
+					   dst_entry2, dst_entry1,
+					   o,
+					   src_entry2, src_entry1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ci = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rename_conflict_info));
 	ci->rename_type = rename_type;
 	ci->pair1 = pair1;
 	ci->branch1 = branch1;
@@ -1284,6 +1303,17 @@
 				   const char *branch2,
 				   struct merge_file_info *result)
 {
+	if (o->branch1 != branch1) {
+		/*
+		 * It's weird getting a reverse merge with HEAD on the bottom
+		 * side of the conflict markers and the other branch on the
+		 * top.  Fix that.
+		 */
+		return merge_mode_and_contents(o, one, b, a,
+					       filename,
+					       branch2, branch1, result);
+	}
+
 	result->merge = 0;
 	result->clean = 1;
 
@@ -1675,8 +1705,8 @@
 	remove_file(o, 1, a->path, o->call_depth || would_lose_untracked(a->path));
 	remove_file(o, 1, b->path, o->call_depth || would_lose_untracked(b->path));
 
-	path_side_1_desc = xstrfmt("%s (was %s)", path, a->path);
-	path_side_2_desc = xstrfmt("%s (was %s)", path, b->path);
+	path_side_1_desc = xstrfmt("version of %s from %s", path, a->path);
+	path_side_2_desc = xstrfmt("version of %s from %s", path, b->path);
 	if (merge_mode_and_contents(o, a, c1, &ci->ren1_other, path_side_1_desc,
 				    o->branch1, o->branch2, &mfi_c1) ||
 	    merge_mode_and_contents(o, b, &ci->ren2_other, c2, path_side_2_desc,
diff --git a/midx.c b/midx.c
index 4fac0cd..730ff84 100644
--- a/midx.c
+++ b/midx.c
@@ -176,9 +176,13 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void close_midx(struct multi_pack_index *m)
+void close_midx(struct multi_pack_index *m)
 {
 	uint32_t i;
+
+	if (!m)
+		return;
+
 	munmap((unsigned char *)m->data, m->data_len);
 	close(m->fd);
 	m->fd = -1;
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < m->num_packs; i++) {
 		if (m->packs[i]) {
 			close_pack(m->packs[i]);
-			free(m->packs);
+			free(m->packs[i]);
 		}
 	}
 	FREE_AND_NULL(m->packs);
@@ -331,9 +335,14 @@
 	struct multi_pack_index *m;
 	struct multi_pack_index *m_search;
 	int config_value;
+	static int env_value = -1;
 
-	if (repo_config_get_bool(r, "core.multipackindex", &config_value) ||
-	    !config_value)
+	if (env_value < 0)
+		env_value = git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX, 0);
+
+	if (!env_value &&
+	    (repo_config_get_bool(r, "core.multipackindex", &config_value) ||
+	    !config_value))
 		return 0;
 
 	for (m_search = r->objects->multi_pack_index; m_search; m_search = m_search->next)
@@ -712,12 +721,18 @@
 static size_t write_midx_large_offsets(struct hashfile *f, uint32_t nr_large_offset,
 				       struct pack_midx_entry *objects, uint32_t nr_objects)
 {
-	struct pack_midx_entry *list = objects;
+	struct pack_midx_entry *list = objects, *end = objects + nr_objects;
 	size_t written = 0;
 
 	while (nr_large_offset) {
-		struct pack_midx_entry *obj = list++;
-		uint64_t offset = obj->offset;
+		struct pack_midx_entry *obj;
+		uint64_t offset;
+
+		if (list >= end)
+			BUG("too many large-offset objects");
+
+		obj = list++;
+		offset = obj->offset;
 
 		if (!(offset >> 31))
 			continue;
@@ -914,9 +929,14 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void clear_midx_file(const char *object_dir)
+void clear_midx_file(struct repository *r)
 {
-	char *midx = get_midx_filename(object_dir);
+	char *midx = get_midx_filename(r->objects->objectdir);
+
+	if (r->objects && r->objects->multi_pack_index) {
+		close_midx(r->objects->multi_pack_index);
+		r->objects->multi_pack_index = NULL;
+	}
 
 	if (remove_path(midx)) {
 		UNLEAK(midx);
diff --git a/midx.h b/midx.h
index 1d6c21a..774f652 100644
--- a/midx.h
+++ b/midx.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 struct object_id;
 struct pack_entry;
 
+#define GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX "GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX"
+
 struct multi_pack_index {
 	struct multi_pack_index *next;
 
@@ -45,7 +47,9 @@
 int prepare_multi_pack_index_one(struct repository *r, const char *object_dir, int local);
 
 int write_midx_file(const char *object_dir);
-void clear_midx_file(const char *object_dir);
+void clear_midx_file(struct repository *r);
 int verify_midx_file(const char *object_dir);
 
+void close_midx(struct multi_pack_index *m);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index 1fcda73..623ca69 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 struct dir_entry {
 	struct hashmap_entry ent;
@@ -131,22 +132,6 @@
 static int lazy_try_threaded = 1;
 static int lazy_nr_dir_threads;
 
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-
-static inline int lookup_lazy_params(struct index_state *istate)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static inline void threaded_lazy_init_name_hash(
-	struct index_state *istate)
-{
-}
-
-#else
-
-#include "thread-utils.h"
-
 /*
  * Set a minimum number of cache_entries that we will handle per
  * thread and use that to decide how many threads to run (upto
@@ -509,6 +494,7 @@
 static void threaded_lazy_init_name_hash(
 	struct index_state *istate)
 {
+	int err;
 	int nr_each;
 	int k_start;
 	int t;
@@ -516,6 +502,9 @@
 	struct lazy_dir_thread_data *td_dir;
 	struct lazy_name_thread_data *td_name;
 
+	if (!HAVE_THREADS)
+		return;
+
 	k_start = 0;
 	nr_each = DIV_ROUND_UP(istate->cache_nr, lazy_nr_dir_threads);
 
@@ -538,8 +527,9 @@
 		if (k_start > istate->cache_nr)
 			k_start = istate->cache_nr;
 		td_dir_t->k_end = k_start;
-		if (pthread_create(&td_dir_t->pthread, NULL, lazy_dir_thread_proc, td_dir_t))
-			die("unable to create lazy_dir_thread");
+		err = pthread_create(&td_dir_t->pthread, NULL, lazy_dir_thread_proc, td_dir_t);
+		if (err)
+			die(_("unable to create lazy_dir thread: %s"), strerror(err));
 	}
 	for (t = 0; t < lazy_nr_dir_threads; t++) {
 		struct lazy_dir_thread_data *td_dir_t = td_dir + t;
@@ -559,13 +549,15 @@
 	 */
 	td_name->istate = istate;
 	td_name->lazy_entries = lazy_entries;
-	if (pthread_create(&td_name->pthread, NULL, lazy_name_thread_proc, td_name))
-		die("unable to create lazy_name_thread");
+	err = pthread_create(&td_name->pthread, NULL, lazy_name_thread_proc, td_name);
+	if (err)
+		die(_("unable to create lazy_name thread: %s"), strerror(err));
 
 	lazy_update_dir_ref_counts(istate, lazy_entries);
 
-	if (pthread_join(td_name->pthread, NULL))
-		die("unable to join lazy_name_thread");
+	err = pthread_join(td_name->pthread, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		die(_("unable to join lazy_name thread: %s"), strerror(err));
 
 	cleanup_dir_mutex();
 
@@ -574,8 +566,6 @@
 	free(lazy_entries);
 }
 
-#endif
-
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index 0feb90a..796792c 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 
 /*
  * object flag allocation:
- * revision.h:               0---------10                              2526
+ * revision.h:               0---------10                              25----28
  * fetch-pack.c:             01
  * negotiator/default.c:       2--5
  * walker.c:                 0-2
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
  * builtin/show-branch.c:    0-------------------------------------------26
  * builtin/unpack-objects.c:                                 2021
  */
-#define FLAG_BITS  27
+#define FLAG_BITS  29
 
 /*
  * The object type is stored in 3 bits.
diff --git a/pack-objects.h b/pack-objects.h
index 86ee93f..feb6a6a 100644
--- a/pack-objects.h
+++ b/pack-objects.h
@@ -145,9 +145,7 @@
 	struct packed_git **in_pack_by_idx;
 	struct packed_git **in_pack;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_t lock;
-#endif
 
 	/*
 	 * This list contains entries for bases which we know the other side
@@ -169,15 +167,11 @@
 
 static inline void packing_data_lock(struct packing_data *pdata)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&pdata->lock);
-#endif
 }
 static inline void packing_data_unlock(struct packing_data *pdata)
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&pdata->lock);
-#endif
 }
 
 struct object_entry *packlist_alloc(struct packing_data *pdata,
diff --git a/packfile.c b/packfile.c
index f2850a0..d1e6683 100644
--- a/packfile.c
+++ b/packfile.c
@@ -345,6 +345,11 @@
 			BUG("want to close pack marked 'do-not-close'");
 		else
 			close_pack(p);
+
+	if (o->multi_pack_index) {
+		close_midx(o->multi_pack_index);
+		o->multi_pack_index = NULL;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index e823653..8c9edce 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -28,13 +28,6 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
-			     int unset)
-{
-	*(timestamp_t *)(opt->value) = approxidate(arg);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			     int unset)
 {
@@ -65,6 +58,8 @@
 {
 	int *target = opt->value;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	if (unset)
 		/* --no-quiet, --no-verbose */
 		*target = 0;
@@ -87,6 +82,8 @@
 	struct object_id oid;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (!arg)
 		return -1;
 	if (get_oid(arg, &oid))
@@ -117,6 +114,9 @@
 int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	int *target = opt->value;
+
+	BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
+
 	*target = unset ? 2 : 1;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index dd14911..6c4fe20 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -150,9 +150,6 @@
 				      (h), 0, &parse_opt_string_list }
 #define OPT_UYN(s, l, v, h)         { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_tertiary }
-#define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("time"),(h), 0,	\
-	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
 #define OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("expiry-date"),(h), 0,	\
 	  parse_opt_expiry_date_cb }
@@ -194,6 +191,20 @@
 #define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), const_error())
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Use these assertions for callbacks that expect to be called with NONEG and
+ * NOARG respectively, and do not otherwise handle the "unset" and "arg"
+ * parameters.
+ */
+#define BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset) do { \
+	if ((unset)) \
+		BUG("option callback does not expect negation"); \
+} while (0)
+#define BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg) do { \
+	if ((arg)) \
+		BUG("option callback does not expect an argument"); \
+} while (0)
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -232,7 +243,6 @@
 
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
-extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index 34f0f98..dc3294c 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@
 
 static struct common_dir common_list[] = {
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "branches" },
+	{ 0, 1, 0, "common" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "hooks" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "info" },
 	{ 0, 0, 1, "info/sparse-checkout" },
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "objects" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "refs" },
 	{ 0, 1, 1, "refs/bisect" },
+	{ 0, 1, 1, "refs/worktree" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "remotes" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "worktrees" },
 	{ 0, 1, 0, "rr-cache" },
@@ -1369,7 +1371,7 @@
 			saw_tilde = 1;
 		} else if (i >= 6)
 			return 0;
-		else if (name[i] < 0) {
+		else if (name[i] & 0x80) {
 			/*
 			 * We know our needles contain only ASCII, so we clamp
 			 * here to make the results of tolower() sane.
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
index 9e7152a..c7dc3f2 100644
--- a/preload-index.c
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -7,17 +7,7 @@
 #include "fsmonitor.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "progress.h"
-
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
-			  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-			  unsigned int refresh_flags)
-{
-	; /* nothing */
-}
-#else
-
-#include <pthread.h>
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 /*
  * Mostly randomly chosen maximum thread counts: we
@@ -100,15 +90,15 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
-			  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-			  unsigned int refresh_flags)
+void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+		   const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		   unsigned int refresh_flags)
 {
 	int threads, i, work, offset;
 	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
 	struct progress_data pd;
 
-	if (!core_preload_index)
+	if (!HAVE_THREADS || !core_preload_index)
 		return;
 
 	threads = index->cache_nr / THREAD_COST;
@@ -131,6 +121,8 @@
 
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
+		int err;
+
 		p->index = index;
 		if (pathspec)
 			copy_pathspec(&p->pathspec, pathspec);
@@ -139,8 +131,10 @@
 		if (pd.progress)
 			p->progress = &pd;
 		offset += work;
-		if (pthread_create(&p->pthread, NULL, preload_thread, p))
-			die("unable to create threaded lstat");
+		err = pthread_create(&p->pthread, NULL, preload_thread, p);
+
+		if (err)
+			die(_("unable to create threaded lstat: %s"), strerror(err));
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
@@ -151,7 +145,6 @@
 
 	trace_performance_leave("preload index");
 }
-#endif
 
 int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index,
 		       const struct pathspec *pathspec,
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index 8ca29e9..b83a3ec 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -1256,6 +1256,14 @@
 			if (c->signature_check.key)
 				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
 			break;
+		case 'F':
+			if (c->signature_check.fingerprint)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.fingerprint);
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			if (c->signature_check.primary_key_fingerprint)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.primary_key_fingerprint);
+			break;
 		default:
 			return 0;
 		}
diff --git a/prio-queue.c b/prio-queue.c
index a078451..d3f488c 100644
--- a/prio-queue.c
+++ b/prio-queue.c
@@ -85,3 +85,12 @@
 	}
 	return result;
 }
+
+void *prio_queue_peek(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	if (!queue->nr)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!queue->compare)
+		return queue->array[queue->nr - 1].data;
+	return queue->array[0].data;
+}
diff --git a/prio-queue.h b/prio-queue.h
index d030ec9..682e518 100644
--- a/prio-queue.h
+++ b/prio-queue.h
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@
  */
 extern void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *);
 
+/*
+ * Gain access to the "thing" that would be returned by
+ * prio_queue_get, but do not remove it from the queue.
+ */
+extern void *prio_queue_peek(struct prio_queue *);
+
 extern void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *);
 
 /* Reverse the LIFO elements */
diff --git a/range-diff.c b/range-diff.c
index bd8083f..767af8c 100644
--- a/range-diff.c
+++ b/range-diff.c
@@ -197,6 +197,12 @@
 	(*(int *)data)++;
 }
 
+static void diffsize_hunk(void *data, long ob, long on, long nb, long nn,
+			  const char *funcline, long funclen)
+{
+	diffsize_consume(data, NULL, 0);
+}
+
 static int diffsize(const char *a, const char *b)
 {
 	xpparam_t pp = { 0 };
@@ -210,7 +216,9 @@
 	mf2.size = strlen(b);
 
 	cfg.ctxlen = 3;
-	if (!xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffsize_consume, &count, &pp, &cfg))
+	if (!xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2,
+			   diffsize_hunk, diffsize_consume, &count,
+			   &pp, &cfg))
 		return count;
 
 	error(_("failed to generate diff"));
@@ -453,7 +461,8 @@
 		struct strbuf indent = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		memcpy(&opts, diffopt, sizeof(opts));
-		opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		if (!opts.output_format)
+			opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 		opts.flags.suppress_diff_headers = 1;
 		opts.flags.dual_color_diffed_diffs = dual_color;
 		opts.output_prefix = output_prefix_cb;
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index d579582..4ca8128 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -1496,6 +1496,12 @@
 	typechange_fmt = (in_porcelain ? "T\t%s\n" : "%s needs update\n");
 	added_fmt = (in_porcelain ? "A\t%s\n" : "%s needs update\n");
 	unmerged_fmt = (in_porcelain ? "U\t%s\n" : "%s: needs merge\n");
+	/*
+	 * Use the multi-threaded preload_index() to refresh most of the
+	 * cache entries quickly then in the single threaded loop below,
+	 * we only have to do the special cases that are left.
+	 */
+	preload_index(istate, pathspec, 0);
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce, *new_entry;
 		int cache_errno = 0;
@@ -1746,7 +1752,7 @@
 	size_t len;
 	const char *name;
 	unsigned int flags;
-	size_t copy_len;
+	size_t copy_len = 0;
 	/*
 	 * Adjacent cache entries tend to share the leading paths, so it makes
 	 * sense to only store the differences in later entries.  In the v4
@@ -1786,8 +1792,6 @@
 				die(_("malformed name field in the index, near path '%s'"),
 					previous_ce->name);
 			copy_len = previous_len - strip_len;
-		} else {
-			copy_len = 0;
 		}
 		name = (const char *)cp;
 	}
@@ -1920,19 +1924,15 @@
 	struct index_entry_offset entries[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 static struct index_entry_offset_table *read_ieot_extension(const char *mmap, size_t mmap_size, size_t offset);
 static void write_ieot_extension(struct strbuf *sb, struct index_entry_offset_table *ieot);
-#endif
 
 static size_t read_eoie_extension(const char *mmap, size_t mmap_size);
 static void write_eoie_extension(struct strbuf *sb, git_hash_ctx *eoie_context, size_t offset);
 
 struct load_index_extensions
 {
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_t pthread;
-#endif
 	struct index_state *istate;
 	const char *mmap;
 	size_t mmap_size;
@@ -2010,8 +2010,6 @@
 	return consumed;
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-
 /*
  * Mostly randomly chosen maximum thread counts: we
  * cap the parallelism to online_cpus() threads, and we want
@@ -2122,7 +2120,6 @@
 
 	return consumed;
 }
-#endif
 
 /* remember to discard_cache() before reading a different cache! */
 int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int must_exist)
@@ -2135,10 +2132,8 @@
 	size_t mmap_size;
 	struct load_index_extensions p;
 	size_t extension_offset = 0;
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	int nr_threads, cpus;
 	struct index_entry_offset_table *ieot = NULL;
-#endif
 
 	if (istate->initialized)
 		return istate->cache_nr;
@@ -2181,7 +2176,6 @@
 
 	src_offset = sizeof(*hdr);
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	nr_threads = git_config_get_index_threads();
 
 	/* TODO: does creating more threads than cores help? */
@@ -2192,6 +2186,9 @@
 			nr_threads = cpus;
 	}
 
+	if (!HAVE_THREADS)
+		nr_threads = 1;
+
 	if (nr_threads > 1) {
 		extension_offset = read_eoie_extension(mmap, mmap_size);
 		if (extension_offset) {
@@ -2219,22 +2216,16 @@
 	} else {
 		src_offset += load_all_cache_entries(istate, mmap, mmap_size, src_offset);
 	}
-#else
-	src_offset += load_all_cache_entries(istate, mmap, mmap_size, src_offset);
-#endif
 
 	istate->timestamp.sec = st.st_mtime;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
 
 	/* if we created a thread, join it otherwise load the extensions on the primary thread */
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (extension_offset) {
 		int ret = pthread_join(p.pthread, NULL);
 		if (ret)
 			die(_("unable to join load_index_extensions thread: %s"), strerror(ret));
-	}
-#endif
-	if (!extension_offset) {
+	} else {
 		p.src_offset = src_offset;
 		load_index_extensions(&p);
 	}
@@ -2297,8 +2288,8 @@
 	freshen_shared_index(base_path, 0);
 	merge_base_index(istate);
 	post_read_index_from(istate);
-	free(base_path);
 	trace_performance_leave("read cache %s", base_path);
+	free(base_path);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2756,8 +2747,11 @@
 	if (ce_write(&c, newfd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-	nr_threads = git_config_get_index_threads();
+	if (HAVE_THREADS)
+		nr_threads = git_config_get_index_threads();
+	else
+		nr_threads = 1;
+
 	if (nr_threads != 1) {
 		int ieot_blocks, cpus;
 
@@ -2787,7 +2781,6 @@
 			ieot_entries = DIV_ROUND_UP(entries, ieot_blocks);
 		}
 	}
-#endif
 
 	offset = lseek(newfd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
 	if (offset < 0) {
@@ -2871,7 +2864,6 @@
 	 * strip_extensions parameter as we need it when loading the shared
 	 * index.
 	 */
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (ieot) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -2883,7 +2875,6 @@
 		if (err)
 			return -1;
 	}
-#endif
 
 	if (!strip_extensions && istate->split_index) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -3469,7 +3460,6 @@
 	strbuf_add(sb, hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
 }
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 #define IEOT_VERSION	(1)
 
 static struct index_entry_offset_table *read_ieot_extension(const char *mmap, size_t mmap_size, size_t offset)
@@ -3542,4 +3532,3 @@
 	       strbuf_add(sb, &buffer, sizeof(uint32_t));
        }
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/ref-filter.c b/ref-filter.c
index 0c45ed9..6c70d79 100644
--- a/ref-filter.c
+++ b/ref-filter.c
@@ -534,6 +534,10 @@
 	if (ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom) <= i)
 		return strbuf_addf_ret(err, -1, _("unknown field name: %.*s"),
 				       (int)(ep-atom), atom);
+	if (valid_atom[i].source != SOURCE_NONE && !have_git_dir())
+		return strbuf_addf_ret(err, -1,
+				       _("not a git repository, but the field '%.*s' requires access to object data"),
+				       (int)(ep-atom), atom);
 
 	/* Add it in, including the deref prefix */
 	at = used_atom_cnt;
@@ -2316,6 +2320,8 @@
 	struct object_id oid;
 	int no_merged = starts_with(opt->long_name, "no");
 
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
+
 	if (rf->merge) {
 		if (no_merged) {
 			return opterror(opt, "is incompatible with --merged", 0);
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index bbcac92..f993635 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@
 /* The argument to filter_refs */
 struct ref_filter {
 	const char *pattern;
+	const char *prefix;
 	each_ref_fn *fn;
 	void *cb_data;
 };
@@ -296,6 +297,8 @@
 
 	if (wildmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0))
 		return 0;
+	if (filter->prefix)
+		skip_prefix(refname, filter->prefix, &refname);
 	return filter->fn(refname, oid, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -458,6 +461,7 @@
 	}
 
 	filter.pattern = real_pattern.buf;
+	filter.prefix = prefix;
 	filter.fn = fn;
 	filter.cb_data = cb_data;
 	ret = for_each_ref(filter_refs, &filter);
@@ -624,6 +628,7 @@
 static int is_per_worktree_ref(const char *refname)
 {
 	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") ||
+		starts_with(refname, "refs/worktree/") ||
 		starts_with(refname, "refs/bisect/") ||
 		starts_with(refname, "refs/rewritten/");
 }
@@ -640,13 +645,34 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int is_main_pseudoref_syntax(const char *refname)
+{
+	return skip_prefix(refname, "main-worktree/", &refname) &&
+		*refname &&
+		is_pseudoref_syntax(refname);
+}
+
+static int is_other_pseudoref_syntax(const char *refname)
+{
+	if (!skip_prefix(refname, "worktrees/", &refname))
+		return 0;
+	refname = strchr(refname, '/');
+	if (!refname || !refname[1])
+		return 0;
+	return is_pseudoref_syntax(refname + 1);
+}
+
 enum ref_type ref_type(const char *refname)
 {
 	if (is_per_worktree_ref(refname))
 		return REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE;
 	if (is_pseudoref_syntax(refname))
 		return REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF;
-       return REF_TYPE_NORMAL;
+	if (is_main_pseudoref_syntax(refname))
+		return REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF;
+	if (is_other_pseudoref_syntax(refname))
+		return REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF;
+	return REF_TYPE_NORMAL;
 }
 
 long get_files_ref_lock_timeout_ms(void)
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index 6cc0397..308fa1f 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -714,9 +714,11 @@
 int ref_is_hidden(const char *, const char *);
 
 enum ref_type {
-	REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE,
-	REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF,
-	REF_TYPE_NORMAL,
+	REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE,	  /* refs inside refs/ but not shared       */
+	REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF,	  /* refs outside refs/ in current worktree */
+	REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF,  /* pseudo refs from the main worktree     */
+	REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF, /* pseudo refs from other worktrees       */
+	REF_TYPE_NORMAL,	  /* normal/shared refs inside refs/        */
 };
 
 enum ref_type ref_type(const char *refname);
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
index 16ef932..9183875 100644
--- a/refs/files-backend.c
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "../object.h"
 #include "../dir.h"
 #include "../chdir-notify.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 /*
  * This backend uses the following flags in `ref_update::flags` for
@@ -149,6 +150,25 @@
 	return refs;
 }
 
+static void files_reflog_path_other_worktrees(struct files_ref_store *refs,
+					      struct strbuf *sb,
+					      const char *refname)
+{
+	const char *real_ref;
+	const char *worktree_name;
+	int length;
+
+	if (parse_worktree_ref(refname, &worktree_name, &length, &real_ref))
+		BUG("refname %s is not a other-worktree ref", refname);
+
+	if (worktree_name)
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/worktrees/%.*s/logs/%s", refs->gitcommondir,
+			    length, worktree_name, real_ref);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/logs/%s", refs->gitcommondir,
+			    real_ref);
+}
+
 static void files_reflog_path(struct files_ref_store *refs,
 			      struct strbuf *sb,
 			      const char *refname)
@@ -158,6 +178,9 @@
 	case REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF:
 		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/logs/%s", refs->gitdir, refname);
 		break;
+	case REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF:
+	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
+		return files_reflog_path_other_worktrees(refs, sb, refname);
 	case REF_TYPE_NORMAL:
 		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/logs/%s", refs->gitcommondir, refname);
 		break;
@@ -176,6 +199,11 @@
 	case REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF:
 		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/%s", refs->gitdir, refname);
 		break;
+	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
+		if (!skip_prefix(refname, "main-worktree/", &refname))
+			BUG("ref %s is not a main pseudoref", refname);
+		/* fallthrough */
+	case REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF:
 	case REF_TYPE_NORMAL:
 		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/%s", refs->gitcommondir, refname);
 		break;
@@ -269,9 +297,9 @@
 	closedir(d);
 
 	/*
-	 * Manually add refs/bisect, which, being per-worktree, might
-	 * not appear in the directory listing for refs/ in the main
-	 * repo.
+	 * Manually add refs/bisect and refs/worktree, which, being
+	 * per-worktree, might not appear in the directory listing for
+	 * refs/ in the main repo.
 	 */
 	if (!strcmp(dirname, "refs/")) {
 		int pos = search_ref_dir(dir, "refs/bisect/", 12);
@@ -281,6 +309,14 @@
 					dir->cache, "refs/bisect/", 12, 1);
 			add_entry_to_dir(dir, child_entry);
 		}
+
+		pos = search_ref_dir(dir, "refs/worktree/", 11);
+
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			struct ref_entry *child_entry = create_dir_entry(
+					dir->cache, "refs/worktree/", 11, 1);
+			add_entry_to_dir(dir, child_entry);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index 81f4f01..b850f2f 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -1205,9 +1205,36 @@
 	 * sent to the other side.
 	 */
 	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		const int reachable_flag = 1;
+		struct commit_list *found_commits;
+		struct commit **src_commits;
+		int nr_src_commits = 0, alloc_src_commits = 16;
+		ALLOC_ARRAY(src_commits, alloc_src_commits);
+
 		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
 			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
+								&ref->new_oid,
+								1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			ALLOC_GROW(src_commits, nr_src_commits + 1, alloc_src_commits);
+			src_commits[nr_src_commits++] = commit;
+		}
+
+		found_commits = get_reachable_subset(sent_tips.tip, sent_tips.nr,
+						     src_commits, nr_src_commits,
+						     reachable_flag);
+
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
 			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
 			struct commit *commit;
 
 			if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid))
@@ -1223,7 +1250,7 @@
 			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
 			 * any of the commits we are sending?
 			 */
-			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+			if (!(commit->object.flags & reachable_flag))
 				continue;
 
 			/* Add it in */
@@ -1231,7 +1258,12 @@
 			oidcpy(&dst_ref->new_oid, &ref->new_oid);
 			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
 		}
+
+		clear_commit_marks_many(nr_src_commits, src_commits, reachable_flag);
+		free(src_commits);
+		free_commit_list(found_commits);
 	}
+
 	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
 	free(sent_tips.tip);
 }
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index a1ddb9e..13e0519 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include "worktree.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
+#include "commit-graph.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
@@ -767,8 +769,8 @@
 		*cache = new_entry;
 }
 
-static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
-		    struct commit_list **list, struct commit_list **cache_ptr)
+static int process_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+			   struct commit_list **list, struct commit_list **cache_ptr)
 {
 	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
 	unsigned left_flag;
@@ -807,7 +809,8 @@
 			if (p->object.flags & SEEN)
 				continue;
 			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+			if (list)
+				commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -846,7 +849,8 @@
 		p->object.flags |= left_flag;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+			if (list)
+				commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
 		}
 		if (revs->first_parent_only)
 			break;
@@ -1090,7 +1094,7 @@
 
 		if (revs->max_age != -1 && (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &list, NULL) < 0)
+		if (process_parents(revs, commit, &list, NULL) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
@@ -1177,7 +1181,7 @@
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
 	struct rev_info *all_revs;
 	const char *name_for_errormsg;
-	struct ref_store *refs;
+	struct worktree *wt;
 };
 
 int ref_excluded(struct string_list *ref_excludes, const char *path)
@@ -1214,7 +1218,7 @@
 	cb->all_revs = revs;
 	cb->all_flags = flags;
 	revs->rev_input_given = 1;
-	cb->refs = NULL;
+	cb->wt = NULL;
 }
 
 void clear_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **ref_excludes_p)
@@ -1277,14 +1281,20 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const struct object_id *oid,
+static int handle_one_reflog(const char *refname_in_wt,
+			     const struct object_id *oid,
 			     int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct strbuf refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	cb->warned_bad_reflog = 0;
-	cb->name_for_errormsg = path;
-	refs_for_each_reflog_ent(cb->refs, path,
+	strbuf_worktree_ref(cb->wt, &refname, refname_in_wt);
+	cb->name_for_errormsg = refname.buf;
+	refs_for_each_reflog_ent(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+				 refname.buf,
 				 handle_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1299,8 +1309,8 @@
 		if (wt->is_current)
 			continue;
 
-		cb->refs = get_worktree_ref_store(wt);
-		refs_for_each_reflog(cb->refs,
+		cb->wt = wt;
+		refs_for_each_reflog(get_worktree_ref_store(wt),
 				     handle_one_reflog,
 				     cb);
 	}
@@ -1313,7 +1323,7 @@
 
 	cb.all_revs = revs;
 	cb.all_flags = flags;
-	cb.refs = get_main_ref_store(revs->repo);
+	cb.wt = NULL;
 	for_each_reflog(handle_one_reflog, &cb);
 
 	if (!revs->single_worktree)
@@ -1321,13 +1331,14 @@
 }
 
 static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs,
-			   struct strbuf *path)
+			   struct strbuf *path, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	size_t baselen = path->len;
 	int i;
 
 	if (it->entry_count >= 0) {
 		struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(revs->repo, &it->oid);
+		tree->object.flags |= flags;
 		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &tree->object, "",
 					     040000, path->buf);
 	}
@@ -1335,14 +1346,15 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub = it->down[i];
 		strbuf_addf(path, "%s%s", baselen ? "/" : "", sub->name);
-		add_cache_tree(sub->cache_tree, revs, path);
+		add_cache_tree(sub->cache_tree, revs, path, flags);
 		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
 	}
 
 }
 
 static void do_add_index_objects_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs,
-					    struct index_state *istate)
+					    struct index_state *istate,
+					    unsigned int flags)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -1356,13 +1368,14 @@
 		blob = lookup_blob(revs->repo, &ce->oid);
 		if (!blob)
 			die("unable to add index blob to traversal");
+		blob->object.flags |= flags;
 		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &blob->object, "",
 					     ce->ce_mode, ce->name);
 	}
 
 	if (istate->cache_tree) {
 		struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
-		add_cache_tree(istate->cache_tree, revs, &path);
+		add_cache_tree(istate->cache_tree, revs, &path, flags);
 		strbuf_release(&path);
 	}
 }
@@ -1372,7 +1385,7 @@
 	struct worktree **worktrees, **p;
 
 	read_index(revs->repo->index);
-	do_add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, revs->repo->index);
+	do_add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, revs->repo->index, flags);
 
 	if (revs->single_worktree)
 		return;
@@ -1388,7 +1401,7 @@
 		if (read_index_from(&istate,
 				    worktree_git_path(wt, "index"),
 				    get_worktree_git_dir(wt)) > 0)
-			do_add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, &istate);
+			do_add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, &istate, flags);
 		discard_index(&istate);
 	}
 	free_worktrees(worktrees);
@@ -2138,7 +2151,8 @@
 		revs->limited = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-missing")) {
 		revs->ignore_missing = 1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--exclude-promisor-objects")) {
+	} else if (revs->allow_exclude_promisor_objects_opt &&
+		   !strcmp(arg, "--exclude-promisor-objects")) {
 		if (fetch_if_missing)
 			BUG("exclude_promisor_objects can only be used when fetch_if_missing is 0");
 		revs->exclude_promisor_objects = 1;
@@ -2458,7 +2472,7 @@
 	if (revs->diffopt.objfind)
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 
-	if (revs->topo_order)
+	if (revs->topo_order && !generation_numbers_enabled(the_repository))
 		revs->limited = 1;
 
 	if (revs->prune_data.nr) {
@@ -2897,6 +2911,217 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
+define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, timestamp_t);
+
+struct topo_walk_info {
+	uint32_t min_generation;
+	struct prio_queue explore_queue;
+	struct prio_queue indegree_queue;
+	struct prio_queue topo_queue;
+	struct indegree_slab indegree;
+	struct author_date_slab author_date;
+};
+
+static inline void test_flag_and_insert(struct prio_queue *q, struct commit *c, int flag)
+{
+	if (c->object.flags & flag)
+		return;
+
+	c->object.flags |= flag;
+	prio_queue_put(q, c);
+}
+
+static void explore_walk_step(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit *c = prio_queue_get(&info->explore_queue);
+
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+
+	if (parse_commit_gently(c, 1) < 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (revs->sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+		record_author_date(&info->author_date, c);
+
+	if (revs->max_age != -1 && (c->date < revs->max_age))
+		c->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+
+	if (process_parents(revs, c, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (c->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		mark_parents_uninteresting(c);
+
+	for (p = c->parents; p; p = p->next)
+		test_flag_and_insert(&info->explore_queue, p->item, TOPO_WALK_EXPLORED);
+}
+
+static void explore_to_depth(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     uint32_t gen_cutoff)
+{
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	struct commit *c;
+	while ((c = prio_queue_peek(&info->explore_queue)) &&
+	       c->generation >= gen_cutoff)
+		explore_walk_step(revs);
+}
+
+static void indegree_walk_step(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	struct commit *c = prio_queue_get(&info->indegree_queue);
+
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+
+	if (parse_commit_gently(c, 1) < 0)
+		return;
+
+	explore_to_depth(revs, c->generation);
+
+	for (p = c->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&info->indegree, parent);
+
+		if (*pi)
+			(*pi)++;
+		else
+			*pi = 2;
+
+		test_flag_and_insert(&info->indegree_queue, parent, TOPO_WALK_INDEGREE);
+
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			return;
+	}
+}
+
+static void compute_indegrees_to_depth(struct rev_info *revs,
+				       uint32_t gen_cutoff)
+{
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	struct commit *c;
+	while ((c = prio_queue_peek(&info->indegree_queue)) &&
+	       c->generation >= gen_cutoff)
+		indegree_walk_step(revs);
+}
+
+static void init_topo_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct topo_walk_info *info;
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	revs->topo_walk_info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct topo_walk_info));
+	info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	memset(info, 0, sizeof(struct topo_walk_info));
+
+	init_indegree_slab(&info->indegree);
+	memset(&info->explore_queue, 0, sizeof(info->explore_queue));
+	memset(&info->indegree_queue, 0, sizeof(info->indegree_queue));
+	memset(&info->topo_queue, 0, sizeof(info->topo_queue));
+
+	switch (revs->sort_order) {
+	default: /* REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER */
+		info->topo_queue.compare = NULL;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE:
+		info->topo_queue.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE:
+		init_author_date_slab(&info->author_date);
+		info->topo_queue.compare = compare_commits_by_author_date;
+		info->topo_queue.cb_data = &info->author_date;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	info->explore_queue.compare = compare_commits_by_gen_then_commit_date;
+	info->indegree_queue.compare = compare_commits_by_gen_then_commit_date;
+
+	info->min_generation = GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY;
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
+		struct commit *c = list->item;
+
+		if (parse_commit_gently(c, 1))
+			continue;
+
+		test_flag_and_insert(&info->explore_queue, c, TOPO_WALK_EXPLORED);
+		test_flag_and_insert(&info->indegree_queue, c, TOPO_WALK_INDEGREE);
+
+		if (c->generation < info->min_generation)
+			info->min_generation = c->generation;
+
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&info->indegree, c)) = 1;
+
+		if (revs->sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+			record_author_date(&info->author_date, c);
+	}
+	compute_indegrees_to_depth(revs, info->min_generation);
+
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
+		struct commit *c = list->item;
+
+		if (*(indegree_slab_at(&info->indegree, c)) == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&info->topo_queue, c);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This is unfortunate; the initial tips need to be shown
+	 * in the order given from the revision traversal machinery.
+	 */
+	if (revs->sort_order == REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER)
+		prio_queue_reverse(&info->topo_queue);
+}
+
+static struct commit *next_topo_commit(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *c;
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+
+	/* pop next off of topo_queue */
+	c = prio_queue_get(&info->topo_queue);
+
+	if (c)
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&info->indegree, c)) = 0;
+
+	return c;
+}
+
+static void expand_topo_walk(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct topo_walk_info *info = revs->topo_walk_info;
+	if (process_parents(revs, commit, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+		if (!revs->ignore_missing_links)
+			die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+	}
+
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		int *pi;
+
+		if (parse_commit_gently(parent, 1) < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (parent->generation < info->min_generation) {
+			info->min_generation = parent->generation;
+			compute_indegrees_to_depth(revs, info->min_generation);
+		}
+
+		pi = indegree_slab_at(&info->indegree, parent);
+
+		(*pi)--;
+		if (*pi == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&info->topo_queue, parent);
+
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			return;
+	}
+}
+
 int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -2933,11 +3158,13 @@
 		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
 		return 0;
-	if (revs->limited)
+	if (revs->limited) {
 		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
 			return -1;
-	if (revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+		if (revs->topo_order)
+			sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+	} else if (revs->topo_order)
+		init_topo_walk(revs);
 	if (revs->line_level_traverse)
 		line_log_filter(revs);
 	if (revs->simplify_merges)
@@ -2954,7 +3181,7 @@
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *p = *pp;
 		if (!revs->limited)
-			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
+			if (process_parents(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
 				return rewrite_one_error;
 		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
@@ -3262,6 +3489,8 @@
 
 		if (revs->reflog_info)
 			commit = next_reflog_entry(revs->reflog_info);
+		else if (revs->topo_walk_info)
+			commit = next_topo_commit(revs);
 		else
 			commit = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
 
@@ -3283,7 +3512,9 @@
 
 			if (revs->reflog_info)
 				try_to_simplify_commit(revs, commit);
-			else if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0) {
+			else if (revs->topo_walk_info)
+				expand_topo_walk(revs, commit);
+			else if (process_parents(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0) {
 				if (!revs->ignore_missing_links)
 					die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
 						oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 1cd0c4b..7987bfc 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
 #define TRACK_LINEAR	(1u<<26)
 #define ALL_REV_FLAGS	(((1u<<11)-1) | NOT_USER_GIVEN | TRACK_LINEAR)
 
+#define TOPO_WALK_EXPLORED	(1u<<27)
+#define TOPO_WALK_INDEGREE	(1u<<28)
+
 #define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
 #define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
 
@@ -64,6 +67,8 @@
 #define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED 1
 #define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED 2
 
+struct topo_walk_info;
+
 struct rev_info {
 	/* Starting list */
 	struct commit_list *commits;
@@ -156,6 +161,7 @@
 			do_not_die_on_missing_tree:1,
 
 			/* for internal use only */
+			allow_exclude_promisor_objects_opt:1,
 			exclude_promisor_objects:1;
 
 	/* Diff flags */
@@ -269,6 +275,8 @@
 	const char *break_bar;
 
 	struct revision_sources *sources;
+
+	struct topo_walk_info *topo_walk_info;
 };
 
 int ref_excluded(struct string_list *, const char *path);
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index d679cc2..c11ff80 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
 	{
 		int err = pthread_create(&async->tid, NULL, run_thread, async);
 		if (err) {
-			error_errno("cannot create thread");
+			error(_("cannot create async thread: %s"), strerror(err));
 			goto error;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1259,6 +1259,15 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+int async_with_fork(void)
+{
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	return 1;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
 const char *find_hook(const char *name)
 {
 	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 3932420..68f5369 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef RUN_COMMAND_H
 #define RUN_COMMAND_H
 
-#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 #include "argv-array.h"
 
@@ -143,6 +141,7 @@
 int start_async(struct async *async);
 int finish_async(struct async *async);
 int in_async(void);
+int async_with_fork(void);
 void check_pipe(int err);
 
 /**
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
index e920ca5..f692686 100644
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -203,9 +203,8 @@
 static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
 {
 	int *fd = data, ret;
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	close(fd[1]);
-#endif
+	if (async_with_fork())
+		close(fd[1]);
 	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
 	close(out);
 	return ret;
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 9e1ab3a..e1a4dd1 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -669,55 +669,131 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-
-/*
- * write_author_script() used to fail to terminate the last line with a "'" and
- * also escaped "'" incorrectly as "'\\\\''" rather than "'\\''". We check for
- * the terminating "'" on the last line to see how "'" has been escaped in case
- * git was upgraded while rebase was stopped.
+/**
+ * Take a series of KEY='VALUE' lines where VALUE part is
+ * sq-quoted, and append <KEY, VALUE> at the end of the string list
  */
-static int quoting_is_broken(const char *s, size_t n)
+static int parse_key_value_squoted(char *buf, struct string_list *list)
 {
-	/* Skip any empty lines in case the file was hand edited */
-	while (n > 0 && s[--n] == '\n')
-		; /* empty */
-	if (n > 0 && s[n] != '\'')
-		return 1;
+	while (*buf) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		char *np;
+		char *cp = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!cp) {
+			np = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+			return error(_("no key present in '%.*s'"),
+				     (int) (np - buf), buf);
+		}
+		np = strchrnul(cp, '\n');
+		*cp++ = '\0';
+		item = string_list_append(list, buf);
 
+		buf = np + (*np == '\n');
+		*np = '\0';
+		cp = sq_dequote(cp);
+		if (!cp)
+			return error(_("unable to dequote value of '%s'"),
+				     item->string);
+		item->util = xstrdup(cp);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Reads and parses the state directory's "author-script" file, and sets name,
+ * email and date accordingly.
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if the file could not be parsed.
+ *
+ * The author script is of the format:
+ *
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='$author_name'
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='$author_email'
+ *	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='$author_date'
+ *
+ * where $author_name, $author_email and $author_date are quoted. We are strict
+ * with our parsing, as the file was meant to be eval'd in the old
+ * git-am.sh/git-rebase--interactive.sh scripts, and thus if the file differs
+ * from what this function expects, it is better to bail out than to do
+ * something that the user does not expect.
+ */
+int read_author_script(const char *path, char **name, char **email, char **date,
+		       int allow_missing)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list kv = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	int retval = -1; /* assume failure */
+	int i, name_i = -2, email_i = -2, date_i = -2, err = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, path, 256) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		if (errno == ENOENT && allow_missing)
+			return 0;
+		else
+			return error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
+					   path);
+	}
+
+	if (parse_key_value_squoted(buf.buf, &kv))
+		goto finish;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < kv.nr; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(kv.items[i].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME")) {
+			if (name_i != -2)
+				name_i = error(_("'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME' already given"));
+			else
+				name_i = i;
+		} else if (!strcmp(kv.items[i].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL")) {
+			if (email_i != -2)
+				email_i = error(_("'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL' already given"));
+			else
+				email_i = i;
+		} else if (!strcmp(kv.items[i].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE")) {
+			if (date_i != -2)
+				date_i = error(_("'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE' already given"));
+			else
+				date_i = i;
+		} else {
+			err = error(_("unknown variable '%s'"),
+				    kv.items[i].string);
+		}
+	}
+	if (name_i == -2)
+		error(_("missing 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'"));
+	if (email_i == -2)
+		error(_("missing 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'"));
+	if (date_i == -2)
+		error(_("missing 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'"));
+	if (date_i < 0 || email_i < 0 || date_i < 0 || err)
+		goto finish;
+	*name = kv.items[name_i].util;
+	*email = kv.items[email_i].util;
+	*date = kv.items[date_i].util;
+	retval = 0;
+finish:
+	string_list_clear(&kv, !!retval);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return retval;
+}
+
 /*
- * Read a list of environment variable assignments (such as the author-script
- * file) into an environment block. Returns -1 on error, 0 otherwise.
+ * Read a GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL AND GIT_AUTHOR_DATE from a
+ * file with shell quoting into struct argv_array. Returns -1 on
+ * error, 0 otherwise.
  */
 static int read_env_script(struct argv_array *env)
 {
-	struct strbuf script = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int i, count = 0, sq_bug;
-	const char *p2;
-	char *p;
+	char *name, *email, *date;
 
-	if (strbuf_read_file(&script, rebase_path_author_script(), 256) <= 0)
+	if (read_author_script(rebase_path_author_script(),
+			       &name, &email, &date, 0))
 		return -1;
-	/* write_author_script() used to quote incorrectly */
-	sq_bug = quoting_is_broken(script.buf, script.len);
-	for (p = script.buf; *p; p++)
-		if (sq_bug && skip_prefix(p, "'\\\\''", &p2))
-			strbuf_splice(&script, p - script.buf, p2 - p, "'", 1);
-		else if (skip_prefix(p, "'\\''", &p2))
-			strbuf_splice(&script, p - script.buf, p2 - p, "'", 1);
-		else if (*p == '\'')
-			strbuf_splice(&script, p-- - script.buf, 1, "", 0);
-		else if (*p == '\n') {
-			*p = '\0';
-			count++;
-		}
 
-	for (i = 0, p = script.buf; i < count; i++) {
-		argv_array_push(env, p);
-		p += strlen(p) + 1;
-	}
+	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=%s", name);
+	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=%s", email);
+	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=%s", date);
+	free(name);
+	free(email);
+	free(date);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -737,54 +813,28 @@
 /* Read author-script and return an ident line (author <email> timestamp) */
 static const char *read_author_ident(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	const char *keys[] = {
-		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=", "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=", "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="
-	};
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *in, *eol;
-	const char *val[3];
-	int i = 0;
+	char *name, *email, *date;
 
-	if (strbuf_read_file(buf, rebase_path_author_script(), 256) <= 0)
+	if (read_author_script(rebase_path_author_script(),
+			       &name, &email, &date, 0))
 		return NULL;
 
-	/* dequote values and construct ident line in-place */
-	for (in = buf->buf; i < 3 && in - buf->buf < buf->len; i++) {
-		if (!skip_prefix(in, keys[i], (const char **)&in)) {
-			warning(_("could not parse '%s' (looking for '%s')"),
-				rebase_path_author_script(), keys[i]);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		eol = strchrnul(in, '\n');
-		*eol = '\0';
-		if (!sq_dequote(in)) {
-			warning(_("bad quoting on %s value in '%s'"),
-				keys[i], rebase_path_author_script());
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		val[i] = in;
-		in = eol + 1;
-	}
-
-	if (i < 3) {
-		warning(_("could not parse '%s' (looking for '%s')"),
-			rebase_path_author_script(), keys[i]);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
 	/* validate date since fmt_ident() will die() on bad value */
-	if (parse_date(val[2], &out)){
+	if (parse_date(date, &out)){
 		warning(_("invalid date format '%s' in '%s'"),
-			val[2], rebase_path_author_script());
+			date, rebase_path_author_script());
 		strbuf_release(&out);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	strbuf_reset(&out);
-	strbuf_addstr(&out, fmt_ident(val[0], val[1], val[2], 0));
+	strbuf_addstr(&out, fmt_ident(name, email, date, 0));
 	strbuf_swap(buf, &out);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
+	free(name);
+	free(email);
+	free(date);
 	return buf->buf;
 }
 
@@ -1919,7 +1969,7 @@
 {
 	struct lock_file index_lock = LOCK_INIT;
 	int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
-	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL, 0) < 0) {
+	if (read_index(&the_index) < 0) {
 		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 		return error(_("git %s: failed to read the index"),
 			_(action_name(opts)));
@@ -2890,7 +2940,7 @@
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options unpack_tree_opts;
-	int ret = 0, i;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
 		return -1;
@@ -2910,10 +2960,13 @@
 		}
 		oidcpy(&oid, &opts->squash_onto);
 	} else {
+		int i;
+
 		/* Determine the length of the label */
 		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
 			if (isspace(name[i]))
-				len = i;
+				break;
+		len = i;
 
 		strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
 		if (get_oid(ref_name.buf, &oid) &&
@@ -3191,10 +3244,6 @@
 	}
 
 	merge_commit = to_merge->item;
-	write_message(oid_to_hex(&merge_commit->object.oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ,
-		      git_path_merge_head(the_repository), 0);
-	write_message("no-ff", 5, git_path_merge_mode(the_repository), 0);
-
 	bases = get_merge_bases(head_commit, merge_commit);
 	if (bases && oideq(&merge_commit->object.oid,
 			   &bases->item->object.oid)) {
@@ -3203,6 +3252,10 @@
 		goto leave_merge;
 	}
 
+	write_message(oid_to_hex(&merge_commit->object.oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ,
+		      git_path_merge_head(the_repository), 0);
+	write_message("no-ff", 5, git_path_merge_mode(the_repository), 0);
+
 	for (j = bases; j; j = j->next)
 		commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
@@ -3459,6 +3512,7 @@
 			unlink(rebase_path_author_script());
 			unlink(rebase_path_stopped_sha());
 			unlink(rebase_path_amend());
+			unlink(git_path_merge_head(the_repository));
 			delete_ref(NULL, "REBASE_HEAD", NULL, REF_NO_DEREF);
 
 			if (item->command == TODO_BREAK)
@@ -3829,6 +3883,7 @@
 			   opts, flags))
 		return error(_("could not commit staged changes."));
 	unlink(rebase_path_amend());
+	unlink(git_path_merge_head(the_repository));
 	if (final_fixup) {
 		unlink(rebase_path_fixup_msg());
 		unlink(rebase_path_squash_msg());
@@ -4846,7 +4901,7 @@
 
 	if (checkout_onto(opts, onto_name, oid_to_hex(&oid), orig_head))
 		return -1;
-;
+
 	if (require_clean_work_tree("rebase", "", 1, 1))
 		return -1;
 
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index 660cff5..5071a73 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@
 #define SUMMARY_SHOW_AUTHOR_DATE (1 << 1)
 void print_commit_summary(const char *prefix, const struct object_id *oid,
 			  unsigned int flags);
+
+int read_author_script(const char *path, char **name, char **email, char **date,
+		       int allow_missing);
 #endif
 
 void parse_strategy_opts(struct replay_opts *opts, char *raw_opts);
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index b24c811..1be5037 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -402,6 +402,20 @@
 	initialized = 1;
 }
 
+static int read_worktree_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
+{
+	struct repository_format *data = vdata;
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
+		data->is_bare = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		data->work_tree = xstrdup(value);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int check_repo_format(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
 {
 	struct repository_format *data = vdata;
@@ -423,16 +437,13 @@
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(var);
 			data->partial_clone = xstrdup(value);
-		} else
+		} else if (!strcmp(ext, "worktreeconfig"))
+			data->worktree_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		else
 			string_list_append(&data->unknown_extensions, ext);
-	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
-		data->is_bare = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		data->work_tree = xstrdup(value);
 	}
-	return 0;
+
+	return read_worktree_config(var, value, vdata);
 }
 
 static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, struct repository_format *candidate, int *nongit_ok)
@@ -466,7 +477,20 @@
 
 	repository_format_precious_objects = candidate->precious_objects;
 	repository_format_partial_clone = candidate->partial_clone;
+	repository_format_worktree_config = candidate->worktree_config;
 	string_list_clear(&candidate->unknown_extensions, 0);
+
+	if (repository_format_worktree_config) {
+		/*
+		 * pick up core.bare and core.worktree from per-worktree
+		 * config if present
+		 */
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/config.worktree", gitdir);
+		git_config_from_file(read_worktree_config, sb.buf, candidate);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		has_common = 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!has_common) {
 		if (candidate->is_bare != -1) {
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = candidate->is_bare;
diff --git a/sha1-file.c b/sha1-file.c
index dd0b6aa..2daf7d9 100644
--- a/sha1-file.c
+++ b/sha1-file.c
@@ -2199,7 +2199,8 @@
 	 * see the comment in unpack_sha1_rest for details.
 	 */
 	while (total_read <= size &&
-	       (status == Z_OK || status == Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+	       (status == Z_OK ||
+		(status == Z_BUF_ERROR && !stream->avail_out))) {
 		stream->next_out = buf;
 		stream->avail_out = sizeof(buf);
 		if (size - total_read < stream->avail_out)
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index 732e18d..02fdbfc 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@
 
 #define SEEN_ONLY 1
 #define VERBOSE   2
+#define QUICK 4
 
 struct write_shallow_data {
 	struct strbuf *out;
@@ -261,7 +262,10 @@
 	const char *hex = oid_to_hex(&graft->oid);
 	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
 		return 0;
-	if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
+	if (data->flags & QUICK) {
+		if (!has_object_file(&graft->oid))
+			return 0;
+	} else if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
 		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(the_repository, &graft->oid);
 		if (!c || !(c->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 			if (data->flags & VERBOSE)
@@ -371,16 +375,23 @@
 
 /*
  * mark_reachable_objects() should have been run prior to this and all
- * reachable commits marked as "SEEN".
+ * reachable commits marked as "SEEN", except when quick_prune is non-zero,
+ * in which case lines are excised from the shallow file if they refer to
+ * commits that do not exist (any longer).
  */
-void prune_shallow(int show_only)
+void prune_shallow(unsigned options)
 {
 	struct lock_file shallow_lock = LOCK_INIT;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned flags = SEEN_ONLY;
 	int fd;
 
-	if (show_only) {
-		write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY | VERBOSE);
+	if (options & PRUNE_QUICK)
+		flags |= QUICK;
+
+	if (options & PRUNE_SHOW_ONLY) {
+		flags |= VERBOSE;
+		write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, flags);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -388,7 +399,7 @@
 				       git_path_shallow(the_repository),
 				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 	check_shallow_file_for_update(the_repository);
-	if (write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY)) {
+	if (write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, flags)) {
 		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0)
 			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
 				  get_lock_file_path(&shallow_lock));
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index d1e6b2d..ac7c7a2 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -408,6 +408,15 @@
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Unlike the loose object case, we do not have to worry here
+		 * about running out of input bytes and spinning infinitely. If
+		 * we get Z_BUF_ERROR due to too few input bytes, then we'll
+		 * replenish them in the next use_pack() call when we loop. If
+		 * we truly hit the end of the pack (i.e., because it's corrupt
+		 * or truncated), then use_pack() catches that and will die().
+		 */
 		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
diff --git a/submodule-config.c b/submodule-config.c
index b132f7a..52702c6 100644
--- a/submodule-config.c
+++ b/submodule-config.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "submodule-config.h"
@@ -613,8 +614,34 @@
 static void config_from_gitmodules(config_fn_t fn, struct repository *repo, void *data)
 {
 	if (repo->worktree) {
-		char *file = repo_worktree_path(repo, GITMODULES_FILE);
-		git_config_from_file(fn, file, data);
+		struct git_config_source config_source = { 0 };
+		const struct config_options opts = { 0 };
+		struct object_id oid;
+		char *file;
+
+		file = repo_worktree_path(repo, GITMODULES_FILE);
+		if (file_exists(file)) {
+			config_source.file = file;
+		} else if (repo->submodule_prefix) {
+			/*
+			 * When get_oid and config_with_options, used below,
+			 * become able to work on a specific repository, this
+			 * warning branch can be removed.
+			 */
+			warning("nested submodules without %s in the working tree are not supported yet",
+				GITMODULES_FILE);
+			goto out;
+		} else if (get_oid(GITMODULES_INDEX, &oid) >= 0) {
+			config_source.blob = GITMODULES_INDEX;
+		} else if (get_oid(GITMODULES_HEAD, &oid) >= 0) {
+			config_source.blob = GITMODULES_HEAD;
+		} else {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		config_with_options(fn, data, &config_source, &opts);
+
+out:
 		free(file);
 	}
 }
@@ -692,6 +719,43 @@
 		submodule_cache_clear(r->submodule_cache);
 }
 
+static int config_print_callback(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *wanted_key = cb_data;
+
+	if (!strcmp(wanted_key, var))
+		printf("%s\n", value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int print_config_from_gitmodules(struct repository *repo, const char *key)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char *store_key;
+
+	ret = git_config_parse_key(key, &store_key, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
+
+	config_from_gitmodules(config_print_callback, repo, store_key);
+
+	free(store_key);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int config_set_in_gitmodules_file_gently(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = git_config_set_in_file_gently(GITMODULES_FILE, key, value);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), key);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 struct fetch_config {
 	int *max_children;
 	int *recurse_submodules;
diff --git a/submodule-config.h b/submodule-config.h
index dc7278e..4dc9b07 100644
--- a/submodule-config.h
+++ b/submodule-config.h
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 					    const struct object_id *commit_or_tree,
 					    const char *path);
 void submodule_free(struct repository *r);
+int print_config_from_gitmodules(struct repository *repo, const char *key);
+int config_set_in_gitmodules_file_gently(const char *key, const char *value);
 
 /*
  * Returns 0 if the name is syntactically acceptable as a submodule "name"
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index d9d3046..6415cc5 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -52,6 +52,24 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Check if the .gitmodules file is safe to write.
+ *
+ * Writing to the .gitmodules file requires that the file exists in the
+ * working tree or, if it doesn't, that a brand new .gitmodules file is going
+ * to be created (i.e. it's neither in the index nor in the current branch).
+ *
+ * It is not safe to write to .gitmodules if it's not in the working tree but
+ * it is in the index or in the current branch, because writing new values
+ * (and staging them) would blindly overwrite ALL the old content.
+ */
+int is_writing_gitmodules_ok(void)
+{
+	struct object_id oid;
+	return file_exists(GITMODULES_FILE) ||
+		(get_oid(GITMODULES_INDEX, &oid) < 0 && get_oid(GITMODULES_HEAD, &oid) < 0);
+}
+
+/*
  * Check if the .gitmodules file has unstaged modifications.  This must be
  * checked before allowing modifications to the .gitmodules file with the
  * intention to stage them later, because when continuing we would stage the
@@ -89,6 +107,7 @@
 {
 	struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const struct submodule *submodule;
+	int ret;
 
 	if (!file_exists(GITMODULES_FILE)) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
 		return -1;
@@ -104,14 +123,9 @@
 	strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
 	strbuf_addstr(&entry, submodule->name);
 	strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
-	if (git_config_set_in_file_gently(GITMODULES_FILE, entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
-		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
-		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
-		strbuf_release(&entry);
-		return -1;
-	}
+	ret = config_set_in_gitmodules_file_gently(entry.buf, newpath);
 	strbuf_release(&entry);
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -694,6 +708,7 @@
 }
 
 struct collect_changed_submodules_cb_data {
+	struct repository *repo;
 	struct string_list *changed;
 	const struct object_id *commit_oid;
 };
@@ -733,7 +748,7 @@
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(p->two->mode))
 			continue;
 
-		submodule = submodule_from_path(the_repository,
+		submodule = submodule_from_path(me->repo,
 						commit_oid, p->two->path);
 		if (submodule)
 			name = submodule->name;
@@ -741,7 +756,7 @@
 			name = default_name_or_path(p->two->path);
 			/* make sure name does not collide with existing one */
 			if (name)
-				submodule = submodule_from_name(the_repository,
+				submodule = submodule_from_name(me->repo,
 								commit_oid, name);
 			if (submodule) {
 				warning("Submodule in commit %s at path: "
@@ -766,14 +781,14 @@
  * have a corresponding 'struct oid_array' (in the 'util' field) which lists
  * what the submodule pointers were updated to during the change.
  */
-static void collect_changed_submodules(struct index_state *istate,
+static void collect_changed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 				       struct string_list *changed,
 				       struct argv_array *argv)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 
-	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, NULL);
+	repo_init_revisions(r, &rev, NULL);
 	setup_revisions(argv->argc, argv->argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -781,10 +796,11 @@
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev))) {
 		struct rev_info diff_rev;
 		struct collect_changed_submodules_cb_data data;
+		data.repo = r;
 		data.changed = changed;
 		data.commit_oid = &commit->object.oid;
 
-		repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &diff_rev, NULL);
+		repo_init_revisions(r, &diff_rev, NULL);
 		diff_rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 		diff_rev.diffopt.format_callback = collect_changed_submodules_cb;
 		diff_rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
@@ -816,6 +832,7 @@
 }
 
 struct has_commit_data {
+	struct repository *repo;
 	int result;
 	const char *path;
 };
@@ -824,7 +841,7 @@
 {
 	struct has_commit_data *cb = data;
 
-	enum object_type type = oid_object_info(the_repository, oid, NULL);
+	enum object_type type = oid_object_info(cb->repo, oid, NULL);
 
 	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
@@ -842,9 +859,11 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int submodule_has_commits(const char *path, struct oid_array *commits)
+static int submodule_has_commits(struct repository *r,
+				 const char *path,
+				 struct oid_array *commits)
 {
-	struct has_commit_data has_commit = { 1, path };
+	struct has_commit_data has_commit = { r, 1, path };
 
 	/*
 	 * Perform a cheap, but incorrect check for the existence of 'commits'.
@@ -887,9 +906,11 @@
 	return has_commit.result;
 }
 
-static int submodule_needs_pushing(const char *path, struct oid_array *commits)
+static int submodule_needs_pushing(struct repository *r,
+				   const char *path,
+				   struct oid_array *commits)
 {
-	if (!submodule_has_commits(path, commits))
+	if (!submodule_has_commits(r, path, commits))
 		/*
 		 * NOTE: We do consider it safe to return "no" here. The
 		 * correct answer would be "We do not know" instead of
@@ -931,7 +952,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int find_unpushed_submodules(struct index_state *istate,
+int find_unpushed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 			     struct oid_array *commits,
 			     const char *remotes_name,
 			     struct string_list *needs_pushing)
@@ -946,14 +967,14 @@
 	argv_array_push(&argv, "--not");
 	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
 
-	collect_changed_submodules(istate, &submodules, &argv);
+	collect_changed_submodules(r, &submodules, &argv);
 
 	for_each_string_list_item(name, &submodules) {
 		struct oid_array *commits = name->util;
 		const struct submodule *submodule;
 		const char *path = NULL;
 
-		submodule = submodule_from_name(the_repository, &null_oid, name->string);
+		submodule = submodule_from_name(r, &null_oid, name->string);
 		if (submodule)
 			path = submodule->path;
 		else
@@ -962,7 +983,7 @@
 		if (!path)
 			continue;
 
-		if (submodule_needs_pushing(path, commits))
+		if (submodule_needs_pushing(r, path, commits))
 			string_list_insert(needs_pushing, path);
 	}
 
@@ -1047,7 +1068,7 @@
 		die("process for submodule '%s' failed", path);
 }
 
-int push_unpushed_submodules(struct index_state *istate,
+int push_unpushed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 			     struct oid_array *commits,
 			     const struct remote *remote,
 			     const struct refspec *rs,
@@ -1057,7 +1078,7 @@
 	int i, ret = 1;
 	struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
-	if (!find_unpushed_submodules(istate, commits,
+	if (!find_unpushed_submodules(r, commits,
 				      remote->name, &needs_pushing))
 		return 1;
 
@@ -1115,14 +1136,14 @@
 	oid_array_append(&ref_tips_after_fetch, oid);
 }
 
-static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(struct index_state *istate)
+static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(struct repository *r)
 {
 	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct string_list changed_submodules = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	const struct string_list_item *name;
 
 	/* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
-	if (!submodule_from_path(the_repository, NULL, NULL))
+	if (!submodule_from_path(r, NULL, NULL))
 		return;
 
 	argv_array_push(&argv, "--"); /* argv[0] program name */
@@ -1136,14 +1157,14 @@
 	 * Collect all submodules (whether checked out or not) for which new
 	 * commits have been recorded upstream in "changed_submodule_names".
 	 */
-	collect_changed_submodules(istate, &changed_submodules, &argv);
+	collect_changed_submodules(r, &changed_submodules, &argv);
 
 	for_each_string_list_item(name, &changed_submodules) {
 		struct oid_array *commits = name->util;
 		const struct submodule *submodule;
 		const char *path = NULL;
 
-		submodule = submodule_from_name(the_repository, &null_oid, name->string);
+		submodule = submodule_from_name(r, &null_oid, name->string);
 		if (submodule)
 			path = submodule->path;
 		else
@@ -1152,7 +1173,7 @@
 		if (!path)
 			continue;
 
-		if (!submodule_has_commits(path, commits))
+		if (!submodule_has_commits(r, path, commits))
 			string_list_append(&changed_submodule_names, name->string);
 	}
 
@@ -1163,7 +1184,7 @@
 	initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
 }
 
-int submodule_touches_in_range(struct index_state *istate,
+int submodule_touches_in_range(struct repository *r,
 			       struct object_id *excl_oid,
 			       struct object_id *incl_oid)
 {
@@ -1172,7 +1193,7 @@
 	int ret;
 
 	/* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
-	if (!submodule_from_path(the_repository, NULL, NULL))
+	if (!submodule_from_path(r, NULL, NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	argv_array_push(&args, "--"); /* args[0] program name */
@@ -1182,7 +1203,7 @@
 		argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(excl_oid));
 	}
 
-	collect_changed_submodules(istate, &subs, &args);
+	collect_changed_submodules(r, &subs, &args);
 	ret = subs.nr;
 
 	argv_array_clear(&args);
@@ -1352,7 +1373,7 @@
 	argv_array_push(&spf.args, "--recurse-submodules-default");
 	/* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
 
-	calculate_changed_submodule_paths(r->index);
+	calculate_changed_submodule_paths(r);
 	run_processes_parallel(max_parallel_jobs,
 			       get_next_submodule,
 			       fetch_start_failure,
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 4826601..a680214 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #define SUBMODULE_UPDATE_STRATEGY_INIT {SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED, NULL}
 
 int is_gitmodules_unmerged(const struct index_state *istate);
+int is_writing_gitmodules_ok(void);
 int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(struct index_state *istate);
 int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
 int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path);
@@ -102,15 +103,15 @@
  * Checks if there are submodule changes in a..b. If a is the null OID,
  * checks b and all its ancestors instead.
  */
-int submodule_touches_in_range(struct index_state *istate,
+int submodule_touches_in_range(struct repository *r,
 			       struct object_id *a,
 			       struct object_id *b);
-int find_unpushed_submodules(struct index_state *istate,
+int find_unpushed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 			     struct oid_array *commits,
 			     const char *remotes_name,
 			     struct string_list *needs_pushing);
 struct refspec;
-int push_unpushed_submodules(struct index_state *istate,
+int push_unpushed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 			     struct oid_array *commits,
 			     const struct remote *remote,
 			     const struct refspec *rs,
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 25c4ba3..28711cc 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
 	As the names depend on the tests' file names, it is safe to
 	run the tests with this option in parallel.
 
+-V::
 --verbose-log::
 	Write verbose output to the same logfile as `--tee`, but do
 	_not_ write it to stdout. Unlike `--tee --verbose`, this option
@@ -344,11 +345,19 @@
 GIT_TEST_PRELOAD_INDEX=<boolean> exercises the preload-index code path
 by overriding the minimum number of cache entries required per thread.
 
+GIT_TEST_REBASE_USE_BUILTIN=<boolean>, when false, disables the
+builtin version of git-rebase. See 'rebase.useBuiltin' in
+git-config(1).
+
 GIT_TEST_INDEX_THREADS=<n> enables exercising the multi-threaded loading
 of the index for the whole test suite by bypassing the default number of
 cache entries and thread minimums. Setting this to 1 will make the
 index loading single threaded.
 
+GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX=<boolean>, when true, forces the multi-pack-
+index to be written after every 'git repack' command, and overrides the
+'core.multiPackIndex' setting to true.
+
 Naming Tests
 ------------
 
diff --git a/t/helper/test-parse-options.c b/t/helper/test-parse-options.c
index 9cb8a0e..47fee66 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-parse-options.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-parse-options.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
+	BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
 	*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -119,7 +120,6 @@
 		OPT_INTEGER('j', NULL, &integer, "get a integer, too"),
 		OPT_MAGNITUDE('m', "magnitude", &magnitude, "get a magnitude"),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "set23", &integer, "set integer to 23", 23),
-		OPT_DATE('t', NULL, &timestamp, "get timestamp of <time>"),
 		OPT_CALLBACK('L', "length", &integer, "str",
 			"get length of <str>", length_callback),
 		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &file, "set file to <file>"),
diff --git a/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c b/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c
index 9807b64..5bc9c46 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-prio-queue.c
@@ -22,14 +22,24 @@
 	struct prio_queue pq = { intcmp };
 
 	while (*++argv) {
-		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get"))
-			show(prio_queue_get(&pq));
-		else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
-			int *v;
-			while ((v = prio_queue_get(&pq)))
-			       show(v);
-		}
-		else {
+		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get")) {
+			void *peek = prio_queue_peek(&pq);
+			void *get = prio_queue_get(&pq);
+			if (peek != get)
+				BUG("peek and get results do not match");
+			show(get);
+		} else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
+			void *peek;
+			void *get;
+			while ((peek = prio_queue_peek(&pq))) {
+				get = prio_queue_get(&pq);
+				if (peek != get)
+					BUG("peek and get results do not match");
+				show(get);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(*argv, "stack")) {
+			pq.compare = NULL;
+		} else {
 			int *v = malloc(sizeof(*v));
 			*v = atoi(*argv);
 			prio_queue_put(&pq, v);
diff --git a/t/helper/test-reach.c b/t/helper/test-reach.c
index 08d2ea6..a027217 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-reach.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-reach.c
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 	struct commit *A, *B;
 	struct commit_list *X, *Y;
 	struct object_array X_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct commit **X_array;
-	int X_nr, X_alloc;
+	struct commit **X_array, **Y_array;
+	int X_nr, X_alloc, Y_nr, Y_alloc;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct repository *r = the_repository;
 
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@
 
 	A = B = NULL;
 	X = Y = NULL;
-	X_nr = 0;
-	X_alloc = 16;
+	X_nr = Y_nr = 0;
+	X_alloc = Y_alloc = 16;
 	ALLOC_ARRAY(X_array, X_alloc);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(Y_array, Y_alloc);
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
 		struct object_id oid;
@@ -92,6 +93,8 @@
 
 			case 'Y':
 				commit_list_insert(c, &Y);
+				ALLOC_GROW(Y_array, Y_nr + 1, Y_alloc);
+				Y_array[Y_nr++] = c;
 				break;
 
 			default:
@@ -136,6 +139,29 @@
 			filter.with_commit_tag_algo = 0;
 
 		printf("%s(_,A,X,_):%d\n", av[1], commit_contains(&filter, A, X, &cache));
+	} else if (!strcmp(av[1], "get_reachable_subset")) {
+		const int reachable_flag = 1;
+		int i, count = 0;
+		struct commit_list *current;
+		struct commit_list *list = get_reachable_subset(X_array, X_nr,
+								Y_array, Y_nr,
+								reachable_flag);
+		printf("get_reachable_subset(X,Y)\n");
+		for (current = list; current; current = current->next) {
+			if (!(list->item->object.flags & reachable_flag))
+				die(_("commit %s is not marked reachable"),
+				    oid_to_hex(&list->item->object.oid));
+			count++;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < Y_nr; i++) {
+			if (Y_array[i]->object.flags & reachable_flag)
+				count--;
+		}
+
+		if (count < 0)
+			die(_("too many commits marked reachable"));
+
+		print_sorted_commit_ids(list);
 	}
 
 	exit(0);
diff --git a/t/helper/test-submodule-nested-repo-config.c b/t/helper/test-submodule-nested-repo-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31e2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/helper/test-submodule-nested-repo-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "test-tool.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
+
+static void die_usage(int argc, const char **argv, const char *msg)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <submodulepath> <config name>\n", argv[0]);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+int cmd__submodule_nested_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct repository submodule;
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		die_usage(argc, argv, "Wrong number of arguments.");
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+
+	if (repo_submodule_init(&submodule, the_repository, argv[1])) {
+		die_usage(argc, argv, "Submodule not found.");
+	}
+
+	/* Read the config of _child_ submodules. */
+	print_config_from_gitmodules(&submodule, argv[2]);
+
+	submodule_free(the_repository);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-tool.c b/t/helper/test-tool.c
index 5df8b68..bfb195b 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-tool.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-tool.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 	{ "strcmp-offset", cmd__strcmp_offset },
 	{ "string-list", cmd__string_list },
 	{ "submodule-config", cmd__submodule_config },
+	{ "submodule-nested-repo-config", cmd__submodule_nested_repo_config },
 	{ "subprocess", cmd__subprocess },
 	{ "urlmatch-normalization", cmd__urlmatch_normalization },
 	{ "wildmatch", cmd__wildmatch },
diff --git a/t/helper/test-tool.h b/t/helper/test-tool.h
index 71f470b..042f124 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-tool.h
+++ b/t/helper/test-tool.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 int cmd__strcmp_offset(int argc, const char **argv);
 int cmd__string_list(int argc, const char **argv);
 int cmd__submodule_config(int argc, const char **argv);
+int cmd__submodule_nested_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv);
 int cmd__subprocess(int argc, const char **argv);
 int cmd__urlmatch_normalization(int argc, const char **argv);
 int cmd__wildmatch(int argc, const char **argv);
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
index d4754a1..918dfce 100644
--- a/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 =aEiU
 -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
 -----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
-Version: GnuPG v1
 
 lQOYBFFMlkcBCADJi/xnAF8yI34PHilSCbM7VtOFO17oFMkpu4cgN2QpPuM5MVjy
 cvrzKSguZFvPCDLzeAFJW1uPxL4SHaHSkisCrFhijH7OJWcOPNPSFCwu+inAoAsv
@@ -83,11 +82,43 @@
 ZKLy5nTTSy16ztqEeS7eifHLPZg1UFFyEEIQ1XW0CNDAeuWKh90ERjyl4Cg7PnWS
 Z9Ei+zj6JD5Pcdi3BJhQo9WOLOVEJ0NHmewTYqk9QVXH/0v1Hdl4LMJtgcbdbDWk
 4UTkXbg9pn3umCgkNJ3Vs8fWnIWO9Izdr2/wrFY2JvUT7Yvl+wsNIWatvOEzGy7n
-BOW78WUxzhu0YJTLKy+iKCjg5HS5dx6OC+e4aEEgfhNPCMkbvDsJjtQ=
-=hieJ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+=Iv7W
 -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
 -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
-Version: GnuPG v1
 
 mQGiBEZnyykRBACzCPjIpTYNL7Y2tQqlEGTTDlvZcWNLjF5f7ZzuyOqNOidLUgFD
 36qch1LZLSZkShdR3Gae+bsolyjxrlFuFP0eXRPMtqK20aLw7WZvPFpEV1ThMne+
@@ -137,6 +168,25 @@
 8uZ000stes7ahHku3onxyz2YNVBRchBCENV1tAjQwHrliofdBEY8peAoOz51kmfR
 Ivs4+iQ+T3HYtwSYUKPVjizlRCdDR5nsE2KpPUFVx/9L9R3ZeCzCbYHG3Ww1pOFE
 5F24PaZ97pgoJDSd1bPH1pyFjvSM3a9v8KxWNib1E+2L5fsLDSFmrbzhMxsu5wTl
-u/FlMc4btGCUyysvoigo4OR0uXcejgvnuGhBIH4TTwjJG7w7CY7U
-=iYv/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+=KRyT
 -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index f6c45ee..7ea30e5 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
 	action=pick
 	for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
 		case $line in
-		pick|squash|fixup|edit|reword|drop)
+		pick|p|squash|s|fixup|f|edit|e|reword|r|drop|d)
 			action="$line";;
-		exec*|break|b)
+		exec_*|x_*|break|b)
 			echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
 		"#")
 			echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
diff --git a/t/perf/p3400-rebase.sh b/t/perf/p3400-rebase.sh
index ce271ca..d202aae 100755
--- a/t/perf/p3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p3400-rebase.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 test_perf_default_repo
 
 test_expect_success 'setup rebasing on top of a lot of changes' '
-	git checkout -f -b base &&
-	git checkout -b to-rebase &&
-	git checkout -b upstream &&
+	git checkout -f -B base &&
+	git checkout -B to-rebase &&
+	git checkout -B upstream &&
 	for i in $(seq 100)
 	do
 		# simulate huge diffs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'setup rebasing many changes without split-index' '
 	git config core.splitIndex false &&
-	git checkout -b upstream2 to-rebase &&
-	git checkout -b to-rebase2 upstream
+	git checkout -B upstream2 to-rebase &&
+	git checkout -B to-rebase2 upstream
 '
 
 test_perf 'rebase a lot of unrelated changes without split-index' '
diff --git a/t/t0006-date.sh b/t/t0006-date.sh
index 64ff86d..ffb2975 100755
--- a/t/t0006-date.sh
+++ b/t/t0006-date.sh
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@
 check_approxidate '15:00' '2009-08-30 15:00:00'
 check_approxidate 'noon today' '2009-08-30 12:00:00'
 check_approxidate 'noon yesterday' '2009-08-29 12:00:00'
+check_approxidate 'January 5th noon pm' '2009-01-05 12:00:00'
+check_approxidate '10am noon' '2009-08-29 12:00:00'
 
 check_approxidate 'last tuesday' '2009-08-25 19:20:00'
 check_approxidate 'July 5th' '2009-07-05 19:20:00'
diff --git a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
index e56dfce6..3941ad2 100755
--- a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
+++ b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
@@ -47,4 +47,18 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+3
+2
+6
+4
+5
+1
+8
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'stack order' '
+	test-tool prio-queue stack 8 1 5 4 6 2 3 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0029-core-unsetenvvars.sh b/t/t0029-core-unsetenvvars.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..24ce46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0029-core-unsetenvvars.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test the Windows-only core.unsetenvvars setting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq MINGW
+then
+	skip_all='skipping Windows-specific tests'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git/hooks" &&
+	write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git/hooks/pre-commit" <<-\EOF
+	echo $HOBBES >&2
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'core.unsetenvvars works' '
+	HOBBES=Calvin &&
+	export HOBBES &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m with 2>err &&
+	grep Calvin err &&
+	git -c core.unsetenvvars=FINDUS,HOBBES,CALVIN \
+		commit --allow-empty -m without 2>err &&
+	! grep Calvin err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index 17d0c18..f5b1086 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
     -j <n>                get a integer, too
     -m, --magnitude <n>   get a magnitude
     --set23               set integer to 23
-    -t <time>             get timestamp of <time>
     -L, --length <str>    get length of <str>
     -F, --file <file>     set file to <file>
 
@@ -246,27 +245,6 @@
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-boolean: 0
-integer: 0
-magnitude: 0
-timestamp: 1
-string: (not set)
-abbrev: 7
-verbose: -1
-quiet: 1
-dry run: no
-file: (not set)
-arg 00: foo
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() works' '
-	test-tool parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" \
-		foo -q >output 2>output.err &&
-	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-'
-
-cat >expect <<\EOF
 Callback: "four", 0
 boolean: 5
 integer: 4
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index cd74c0a..c7b53e4 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -306,6 +306,8 @@
 test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar config                   bar/config
 test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar packed-refs              bar/packed-refs
 test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar shallow                  bar/shallow
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar common                   bar/common
+test_git_path GIT_COMMON_DIR=bar common/file              bar/common/file
 
 # In the tests below, $(pwd) must be used because it is a native path on
 # Windows and avoids MSYS's path mangling (which simplifies "foo/../bar" and
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
index ac1f189..4feb651 100755
--- a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -117,8 +117,10 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch into corrupted repo with index-pack' '
+	cp -R bit-error bit-error-cp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bit-error-cp" &&
 	(
-		cd bit-error &&
+		cd bit-error-cp &&
 		test_must_fail git -c transfer.unpackLimit=1 \
 			fetch ../no-bit-error 2>stderr &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! -i collision stderr
diff --git a/t/t1300-config.sh b/t/t1300-config.sh
index e2cd50e..9652b24 100755
--- a/t/t1300-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-config.sh
@@ -76,15 +76,11 @@
 test_expect_success 'non-match result' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
 test_expect_success 'find mixed-case key by canonical name' '
-	echo Second >expect &&
-	git config cores.whatever >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config Second cores.whatever
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'find mixed-case key by non-canonical name' '
-	echo Second >expect &&
-	git config CoReS.WhAtEvEr >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config Second CoReS.WhAtEvEr
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'subsections are not canonicalized by git-config' '
@@ -94,12 +90,8 @@
 	[section "SubSection"]
 	key = two
 	EOF
-	echo one >expect &&
-	git config section.subsection.key >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo two >expect &&
-	git config section.SubSection.key >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config one section.subsection.key &&
+	test_cmp_config two section.SubSection.key
 '
 
 cat > .git/config <<\EOF
@@ -212,9 +204,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'get value' '
-	echo alpha >expect &&
-	git config beta.haha >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config alpha beta.haha
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -251,15 +241,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'non-match value' '
-	echo wow >expect &&
-	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config wow --get nextsection.nonewline !for
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-valued get returns final one' '
-	echo "wow2 for me" >expect &&
-	git config --get nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config "wow2 for me" --get nextsection.nonewline
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-valued get-all returns all' '
@@ -520,21 +506,11 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 	mkdir x &&
-	(
-		cd x &&
-		echo strasse >expect &&
-		git config --get --file ../other-config ein.bahn >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual
-	)
-
+	test_cmp_config -C x strasse --get --file ../other-config ein.bahn
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory via --file' '
-	(
-		cd x &&
-		git config --file=../other-config --get ein.bahn >actual &&
-		test_cmp expect actual
-	)
+	test_cmp_config -C x strasse --file=../other-config --get ein.bahn
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -688,16 +664,13 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--int is at least 64 bits' '
 	git config giga.watts 121g &&
-	echo 129922760704 >expect &&
-	git config --int --get giga.watts >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	echo  >expect &&
+	test_cmp_config 129922760704 --int --get giga.watts
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
-	echo 1auto >expect &&
-	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp_config 1auto aninvalid.unit &&
 	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value .1auto. for .aninvalid.unit. in file .git/config: invalid unit" actual
 '
@@ -1039,9 +1012,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
 	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
-	echo "foo 	  bar" >expect &&
-	git config section.val >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config "foo 	  bar" section.val
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
@@ -1809,21 +1780,15 @@
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'identical modern --type specifiers are allowed' '
-	git config --type=int --type=int core.big >actual &&
-	echo 1048576 >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config 1048576 --type=int --type=int core.big
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'identical legacy --type specifiers are allowed' '
-	git config --int --int core.big >actual &&
-	echo 1048576 >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config 1048576 --int --int core.big
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'identical mixed --type specifiers are allowed' '
-	git config --int --type=int core.big >actual &&
-	echo 1048576 >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config 1048576 --int --type=int core.big
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'non-identical modern --type specifiers are not allowed' '
@@ -1842,21 +1807,15 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--type allows valid type specifiers' '
-	echo "true" >expect &&
-	git config --type=bool core.foo >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config true  --type=bool core.foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-type unsets type specifiers' '
-	echo "10" >expect &&
-	git config --type=bool --no-type core.number >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config 10 --type=bool --no-type core.number
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unset type specifiers may be reset to conflicting ones' '
-	echo 1048576 >expect &&
-	git config --type=bool --no-type --type=int core.big >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp_config 1048576 --type=bool --no-type --type=int core.big
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--type rejects unknown specifiers' '
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
index 388b061..3e05353 100755
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -368,4 +368,19 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'expire with multiple worktrees' '
+	git init main-wt &&
+	(
+		cd main-wt &&
+		test_tick &&
+		test_commit foo &&
+		git  worktree add link-wt &&
+		test_tick &&
+		test_commit -C link-wt foobar &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git reflog expire --verbose --all --expire=$test_tick &&
+		test_must_be_empty .git/worktrees/link-wt/logs/HEAD
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh b/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b664e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='per-worktree refs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit initial &&
+	test_commit wt1 &&
+	test_commit wt2 &&
+	git worktree add wt1 wt1 &&
+	git worktree add wt2 wt2 &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+	git update-ref refs/worktree/foo HEAD &&
+	git -C wt1 update-ref refs/worktree/foo HEAD &&
+	git -C wt2 update-ref refs/worktree/foo HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs/worktree must not be packed' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/tags/wt1 &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/worktree/foo &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/worktrees/wt1/refs/worktree/foo &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/worktrees/wt2/refs/worktree/foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs/worktree are per-worktree' '
+	test_cmp_rev worktree/foo initial &&
+	( cd wt1 && test_cmp_rev worktree/foo wt1 ) &&
+	( cd wt2 && test_cmp_rev worktree/foo wt2 )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve main-worktree/HEAD' '
+	test_cmp_rev main-worktree/HEAD initial &&
+	( cd wt1 && test_cmp_rev main-worktree/HEAD initial ) &&
+	( cd wt2 && test_cmp_rev main-worktree/HEAD initial )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous main-worktree/HEAD' '
+	mkdir -p .git/refs/heads/main-worktree &&
+	test_when_finished rm -f .git/refs/heads/main-worktree/HEAD &&
+	cp .git/HEAD .git/refs/heads/main-worktree/HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse main-worktree/HEAD 2>warn &&
+	grep "main-worktree/HEAD.*ambiguous" warn
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve worktrees/xx/HEAD' '
+	test_cmp_rev worktrees/wt1/HEAD wt1 &&
+	( cd wt1 && test_cmp_rev worktrees/wt1/HEAD wt1 ) &&
+	( cd wt2 && test_cmp_rev worktrees/wt1/HEAD wt1 )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous worktrees/xx/HEAD' '
+	mkdir -p .git/refs/heads/worktrees/wt1 &&
+	test_when_finished rm -f .git/refs/heads/worktrees/wt1/HEAD &&
+	cp .git/HEAD .git/refs/heads/worktrees/wt1/HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse worktrees/wt1/HEAD 2>warn &&
+	grep "worktrees/wt1/HEAD.*ambiguous" warn
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog of main-worktree/HEAD' '
+	git reflog HEAD | sed "s/HEAD/main-worktree\/HEAD/" >expected &&
+	git reflog main-worktree/HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git -C wt1 reflog main-worktree/HEAD >actual.wt1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual.wt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog of worktrees/xx/HEAD' '
+	git -C wt2 reflog HEAD | sed "s/HEAD/worktrees\/wt2\/HEAD/" >expected &&
+	git reflog worktrees/wt2/HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git -C wt1 reflog worktrees/wt2/HEAD >actual.wt1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual.wt1 &&
+	git -C wt2 reflog worktrees/wt2/HEAD >actual.wt2 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual.wt2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 0f2dd26..e20e8fa 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -101,6 +101,41 @@
 	grep "HEAD points to something strange" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'HEAD link pointing at a funny object (from different wt)' '
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/SAVED_HEAD .git/HEAD" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/worktrees wt" &&
+	git worktree add wt &&
+	mv .git/HEAD .git/SAVED_HEAD &&
+	echo $ZERO_OID >.git/HEAD &&
+	# avoid corrupt/broken HEAD from interfering with repo discovery
+	test_must_fail git -C wt fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "main-worktree/HEAD: detached HEAD points" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'other worktree HEAD link pointing at a funny object' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/worktrees other" &&
+	git worktree add other &&
+	echo $ZERO_OID >.git/worktrees/other/HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "worktrees/other/HEAD: detached HEAD points" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'other worktree HEAD link pointing at missing object' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/worktrees other" &&
+	git worktree add other &&
+	echo "Contents missing from repo" | git hash-object --stdin >.git/worktrees/other/HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "worktrees/other/HEAD: invalid sha1 pointer" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'other worktree HEAD link pointing at a funny place' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/worktrees other" &&
+	git worktree add other &&
+	echo "ref: refs/funny/place" >.git/worktrees/other/HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "worktrees/other/HEAD points to something strange" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'email without @ is okay' '
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
 	sed "s/@/AT/" basis >okay &&
@@ -673,16 +708,35 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "garbage.*$commit" out
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fsck detects trailing loose garbage (blob)' '
+test_expect_success 'fsck detects trailing loose garbage (large blob)' '
 	blob=$(echo trailing | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	file=$(sha1_file $blob) &&
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $blob" &&
 	chmod +w "$file" &&
 	echo garbage >>"$file" &&
-	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=5 fsck 2>out &&
 	test_i18ngrep "garbage.*$blob" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fsck detects truncated loose object' '
+	# make it big enough that we know we will truncate in the data
+	# portion, not the header
+	test-tool genrandom truncate 4096 >file &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w file) &&
+	file=$(sha1_file $blob) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $blob" &&
+	test_copy_bytes 1024 <"$file" >tmp &&
+	rm "$file" &&
+	mv -f tmp "$file" &&
+
+	# check both regular and streaming code paths
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_i18ngrep corrupt.*$blob out &&
+
+	test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=128 fsck 2>out &&
+	test_i18ngrep corrupt.*$blob out
+'
+
 # for each of type, we have one version which is referenced by another object
 # (and so while unreachable, not dangling), and another variant which really is
 # dangling.
diff --git a/t/t2029-worktree-config.sh b/t/t2029-worktree-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..286121d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2029-worktree-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="config file in multi worktree"
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit start
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config --worktree in single worktree' '
+	git config --worktree foo.bar true &&
+	test_cmp_config true foo.bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add worktrees' '
+	git worktree add wt1 &&
+	git worktree add wt2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config --worktree without extension' '
+	test_must_fail git config --worktree foo.bar false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable worktreeConfig extension' '
+	git config extensions.worktreeConfig true &&
+	test_cmp_config true extensions.worktreeConfig
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config is shared as before' '
+	git config this.is shared &&
+	test_cmp_config shared this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt1 shared this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt2 shared this.is
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config is shared (set from another worktree)' '
+	git -C wt1 config that.is also-shared &&
+	test_cmp_config also-shared that.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt1 also-shared that.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt2 also-shared that.is
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config private to main worktree' '
+	git config --worktree this.is for-main &&
+	test_cmp_config for-main this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt1 shared this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt2 shared this.is
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config private to linked worktree' '
+	git -C wt1 config --worktree this.is for-wt1 &&
+	test_cmp_config for-main this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt1 for-wt1 this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt2 shared this.is
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'core.bare no longer for main only' '
+	test_config core.bare true &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = true &&
+	test "$(git -C wt1 rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = true &&
+	test "$(git -C wt2 rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'per-worktree core.bare is picked up' '
+	git -C wt1 config --worktree core.bare true &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = false &&
+	test "$(git -C wt1 rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = true &&
+	test "$(git -C wt2 rev-parse --is-bare-repository)" = false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config.worktree no longer read without extension' '
+	git config --unset extensions.worktreeConfig &&
+	test_cmp_config shared this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt1 shared this.is &&
+	test_cmp_config -C wt2 shared this.is
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
index 46aca0a..891d4d7 100755
--- a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
 match 1 1 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
 match 1 1 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
 match 0 0 0 0 ten '[ten]'
-match 0 0 1 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 1 1 1 1 ten '**[!te]'
 match 0 0 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
 match 1 1 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
 match 0 0 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
 # Extended slash-matching features
 match 0 0 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
 match 0 0 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
-match 0 0 1 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 1 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
 match 1 1 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
 match 1 1 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
 match 1 1 1 1 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
diff --git a/t/t3206-range-diff.sh b/t/t3206-range-diff.sh
index 6aae364..e497c13 100755
--- a/t/t3206-range-diff.sh
+++ b/t/t3206-range-diff.sh
@@ -122,6 +122,36 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'changed commit with --no-patch diff option' '
+	git range-diff --no-color --no-patch topic...changed >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	1:  4de457d = 1:  a4b3333 s/5/A/
+	2:  fccce22 = 2:  f51d370 s/4/A/
+	3:  147e64e ! 3:  0559556 s/11/B/
+	4:  a63e992 ! 4:  d966c5c s/12/B/
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'changed commit with --stat diff option' '
+	git range-diff --no-color --stat topic...changed >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	1:  4de457d = 1:  a4b3333 s/5/A/
+	     a => b | 0
+	     1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	2:  fccce22 = 2:  f51d370 s/4/A/
+	     a => b | 0
+	     1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	3:  147e64e ! 3:  0559556 s/11/B/
+	     a => b | 0
+	     1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	4:  a63e992 ! 4:  d966c5c s/12/B/
+	     a => b | 0
+	     1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'changed commit with sm config' '
 	git range-diff --no-color --submodule=log topic...changed >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index d60e59e..7a440e0 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	mkdir subdir && (cd subdir &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_cd_subdir_&&_git_rev-parse_--is-inside-work-tree" \
+	FAKE_LINES="1 x_cd_subdir_&&_git_rev-parse_--is-inside-work-tree" \
 		git rebase -i HEAD^
 	)
 '
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
 	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
 '
 
-test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'exchange two commits with -p' '
+test_expect_failure REBASE_P 'exchange two commits with -p' '
 	git checkout H &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i -p HEAD~2 &&
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'preserve merges with -p' '
 	git checkout -b to-be-preserved master^ &&
 	: > unrelated-file &&
 	git add unrelated-file &&
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
 	test $(git show HEAD:unrelated-file) = 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'edit ancestor with -p' '
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
 	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
+	git reset --hard D &&
 	test_tick &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test 0 = $(git show | grep NEVER | wc -l) &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D multi-fixup
 '
 
@@ -451,7 +452,7 @@
 		git rebase --continue &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D conflict-fixup
 '
 
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@
 		git rebase --continue &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test 2 = $(git show | grep TWICE | wc -l) &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D conflict-squash
 '
 
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@
 		grep "^# This is a combination of 3 commits\."  &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD@{3} |
 		grep "^# This is a combination of 2 commits\."  &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D squash-fixup
 '
 
@@ -504,7 +505,7 @@
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D skip-comments
 '
 
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
-	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
 	git branch -D skip-blank-lines
 '
 
@@ -525,7 +526,7 @@
 	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
+	FAKE_LINES="1 s 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
@@ -658,7 +659,7 @@
 	) &&
 
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i @{-1} &&
 	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
 
 '
@@ -758,7 +759,7 @@
 	git show HEAD^ | grep "D changed" &&
 	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2 3 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="B changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD~3 | grep "B changed" &&
-	FAKE_LINES="1 reword 2 3 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="C changed" git rebase -i A &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 r 2 pick 3 p 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="C changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD~2 | grep "C changed"
 '
 
@@ -784,7 +785,7 @@
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 f 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
 	git notes show > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
@@ -1261,7 +1262,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'drop' '
 	rebase_setup_and_clean drop-test &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="1 drop 2 3 drop 4 5" git rebase -i --root &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 drop 2 3 d 4 5" git rebase -i --root &&
 	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | sed -ne \$p)
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index 2bdcf83..38bd876 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -84,4 +84,11 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "invalid-ref" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'error out early upon -C<n> or --whitespace=<bad>' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase -Cnot-a-number HEAD 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "numerical value" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --whitespace=bad HEAD 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Invalid whitespace option" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
index e7292f5..d2bd7c1 100755
--- a/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
+++ b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
-test_expect_success rebasep '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P rebasep '
 
 	git checkout side-merge &&
 	git rebase -p side &&
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 8c251c5..3b340f1 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+if ! test_have_prereq REBASE_P; then
+	skip_all='skipping git rebase -p tests, as asked for'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
diff --git a/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
index 6f73b95..2e29866 100755
--- a/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+if ! test_have_prereq REBASE_P; then
+	skip_all='skipping git rebase -p tests, as asked for'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 # set up two branches like this:
 #
 # A - B - C - D - E
diff --git a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
index dc81bf2..fb45e7b 100755
--- a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+if ! test_have_prereq REBASE_P; then
+	skip_all='skipping git rebase -p tests, as asked for'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
 set_fake_editor
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
index 73a39f2..21632a9 100755
--- a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@
 	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,work4
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with linear history' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase -i -p with linear history' '
 	git checkout -b work5 other &&
 	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
 	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased5 &&
 	test_cmp expect rebased5
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (5)' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'pre-rebase got correct input (5)' '
 	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,
 '
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with merge' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase -i -p with merge' '
 	git checkout -b work6 other &&
 	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
 	log_with_names work6 > rebased6 &&
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with two roots' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase -i -p with two roots' '
 	git checkout -b work7 other &&
 	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
 	log_with_names work7 > rebased7 &&
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (first part)' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (first part)' '
 	git checkout -b conflict3 other &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
 	git ls-files -u | grep "B$"
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
 	git add B
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (second part)' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (second part)' '
 	git rebase --continue &&
 	log_with_names conflict3 >out &&
 	test_cmp expect-conflict-p out
diff --git a/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh b/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh
index ee0a6cc..72e04b5 100755
--- a/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh
+++ b/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+if ! test_have_prereq REBASE_P; then
+	skip_all='skipping git rebase -p tests, as asked for'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
 # Set up branches like this:
diff --git a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
index 4c3f7d8..0210b2a 100755
--- a/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
+++ b/t/t3418-rebase-continue.sh
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 	test -f funny.was.run
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase passes merge strategy options correctly' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P 'rebase passes merge strategy options correctly' '
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-* &&
 	git reset --hard commit-new-file-F3-on-topic-branch &&
 	test_commit theirs-to-merge &&
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit "commit-new-file-F3" F3 3 &&
 	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/topic commit-new-file-F3-on-topic-branch &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -m master topic &&
 	echo "Resolved" >F2 &&
 	cp F2 expected-F2 &&
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@
 test_rerere_autoupdate -m
 GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR=: && export GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR
 test_rerere_autoupdate -i
-test_rerere_autoupdate --preserve-merges
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_rerere_autoupdate --preserve-merges
 unset GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR
 
 test_expect_success 'the todo command "break" works' '
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
index f355c68..4c7494c 100755
--- a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -361,4 +361,12 @@
 	git rebase -i --autostash HEAD
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch is left alone when possible' '
+	git checkout -b unchanged-branch &&
+	echo changed >file0 &&
+	git rebase --autostash unchanged-branch &&
+	test changed = "$(cat file0)" &&
+	test unchanged-branch = "$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
index 99b2aac..23ad4cf 100755
--- a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
+++ b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 #       f
 #      /
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase failure -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase failure -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase failure -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 # a---b---c---j!
 #      \
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 test_run_rebase success --rebase-merges
 
 #       m
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase failure -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase failure -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase failure -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase failure -p
 
 test_run_rebase () {
 	result=$1
@@ -346,6 +346,6 @@
 test_run_rebase success ''
 test_run_rebase success -m
 test_run_rebase success -i
-test_run_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_run_rebase success -p
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
index 846f85c..5f892e3 100755
--- a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
@@ -109,6 +109,11 @@
 test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
 test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
 
+if ! test_have_prereq REBASE_P; then
+	skip_all='skipping git rebase -p tests, as asked for'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op in non-linear history" "
 	reset_rebase &&
 	git rebase -p d w &&
diff --git a/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh b/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
index aa7bfc8..cc56468 100755
--- a/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3430-rebase-merges.sh
@@ -396,4 +396,20 @@
 	grep "G: +G" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--continue after resolving conflicts after a merge' '
+	git checkout -b already-has-g E &&
+	git cherry-pick E..G &&
+	test_commit H2 &&
+
+	git checkout -b conflicts-in-merge H &&
+	test_commit H2 H2.t conflicts H2-conflict &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -r already-has-g &&
+	grep conflicts H2.t &&
+	echo resolved >H2.t &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD^2 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4136-apply-check.sh b/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
index 6d92872..4c3f264 100755
--- a/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
+++ b/t/t4136-apply-check.sh
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@
 	test_must_fail git apply --check input
 '
 
+test_expect_success '`apply --recount` allows no-op patch' '
+	echo 1 >1 &&
+	git apply --recount --check <<-\EOF
+	diff --get a/1 b/1
+	index 6696ea4..606eddd 100644
+	--- a/1
+	+++ b/1
+	@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
+	 1
+	EOF
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'invalid combination: create and copy' '
 	test_must_fail git apply --check - <<-\EOF
 	diff --git a/1 b/2
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 153a506..819c24d 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -1703,4 +1703,8 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--exclude-promisor-objects does not BUG-crash' '
+	test_must_fail git log --exclude-promisor-objects source-a
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index 2a97b27..602bfd9 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -206,6 +206,12 @@
 	test_cmp_bin b.tar d4.zip
 '
 
+test_expect_success GZIP 'git archive with --output and --remote creates .tgz' '
+	git archive --output=d5.tgz --remote=. HEAD &&
+	gzip -d -c <d5.tgz >d5.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar d5.tar
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git archive --list outside of a git repo' '
 	nongit git archive --list
 '
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
index 55c7870..106eddb 100755
--- a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -158,11 +158,16 @@
     'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
     test_cmp_bin d.zip d2.zip'
 
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format (local)' '
 	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
 	test_cmp_bin d.zip d3.zip
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format (remote)' '
+	git archive --remote=. --output=d4.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_bin d.zip d4.zip
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
     'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index 6c620cd..410a09b 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -468,29 +468,32 @@
 	git fsck
 '
 
-#
-# WARNING!
-#
-# The following test is destructive.  Please keep the next
-# two tests at the end of this file.
-#
+test_expect_success 'setup: fake a SHA1 hash collision' '
+	git init corrupt &&
+	(
+		cd corrupt &&
+		long_a=$(git hash-object -w ../a | sed -e "s!^..!&/!") &&
+		long_b=$(git hash-object -w ../b | sed -e "s!^..!&/!") &&
+		test -f	.git/objects/$long_b &&
+		cp -f	.git/objects/$long_a \
+			.git/objects/$long_b
+	)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'fake a SHA1 hash collision' \
-    'long_a=$(git hash-object a | sed -e "s!^..!&/!") &&
-     long_b=$(git hash-object b | sed -e "s!^..!&/!") &&
-     test -f	.git/objects/$long_b &&
-     cp -f	.git/objects/$long_a \
-		.git/objects/$long_b'
+test_expect_success 'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' '
+	(
+		cd corrupt &&
+		test_must_fail git index-pack -o ../bad.idx ../test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg
+	)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' \
-    'test_must_fail git index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
-     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision (large blobs)' \
-    'test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=1 index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
-     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+test_expect_success 'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision (large blobs)' '
+	(
+		cd corrupt &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=1 index-pack -o ../bad.idx ../test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg
+	)
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
index 1be3459..82d7f7f 100755
--- a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'pack-objects respects --local (non-local bitmapped pack)' '
 	mv .git/objects/pack/$packbitmap.* alt.git/objects/pack/ &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/multi-pack-index &&
 	test_when_finished "mv alt.git/objects/pack/$packbitmap.* .git/objects/pack/" &&
 	echo HEAD | git pack-objects --local --stdout --revs >3b.pack &&
 	git index-pack 3b.pack &&
diff --git a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
index bd8e841..70926b5 100755
--- a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'repack removes multi-pack-index' '
 	test_path_is_file $objdir/pack/multi-pack-index &&
-	git repack -adf &&
+	GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX=0 git repack -adf &&
 	test_path_is_missing $objdir/pack/multi-pack-index
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index bc5703f..32e722d 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -302,4 +302,28 @@
 	nongit git ls-remote dst.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote --sort fails gracefully outside repository' '
+	# Use a sort key that requires access to the referenced objects.
+	nongit test_must_fail git ls-remote --sort=authordate "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^fatal: not a git repository, but the field '\''authordate'\'' requires access to object data" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote patterns work with all protocol versions' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)	%(refname)" \
+		refs/heads/master refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+	git -c protocol.version=1 ls-remote . master >actual.v1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.v1 &&
+	git -c protocol.version=2 ls-remote . master >actual.v2 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote prefixes work with all protocol versions' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)	%(refname)" \
+		refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	git -c protocol.version=1 ls-remote --heads --tags . >actual.v1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.v1 &&
+	git -c protocol.version=2 ls-remote --heads --tags . >actual.v2 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.v2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 5e501c8..cf4cc32 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -461,7 +461,8 @@
 	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P \
+	'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
 	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
 	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
 	git pull . copy &&
@@ -514,7 +515,8 @@
 	test file3 = "$(git show HEAD:file3.t)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P \
+	'--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
 	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
 	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull --rebase=preserve . copy &&
diff --git a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
index 7045685..6faf17e 100755
--- a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
+++ b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
@@ -186,6 +186,33 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '.git/shallow is edited by repack' '
+	git init shallow-server &&
+	test_commit -C shallow-server A &&
+	test_commit -C shallow-server B &&
+	git -C shallow-server checkout -b branch &&
+	test_commit -C shallow-server C &&
+	test_commit -C shallow-server E &&
+	test_commit -C shallow-server D &&
+	d="$(git -C shallow-server rev-parse --verify D^0)" &&
+	git -C shallow-server checkout master &&
+
+	git clone --depth=1 --no-tags --no-single-branch \
+		"file://$PWD/shallow-server" shallow-client &&
+
+	: now remove the branch and fetch with prune &&
+	git -C shallow-server branch -D branch &&
+	git -C shallow-client fetch --prune --depth=1 \
+		origin "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
+	git -C shallow-client repack -adfl &&
+	test_must_fail git -C shallow-client rev-parse --verify $d^0 &&
+	! grep $d shallow-client/.git/shallow &&
+
+	git -C shallow-server branch branch-orig $d &&
+	git -C shallow-client fetch --prune --depth=2 \
+		origin "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
+'
+
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 start_httpd
 
diff --git a/t/t5573-pull-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t5573-pull-verify-signatures.sh
index 747775c..3e9876e 100755
--- a/t/t5573-pull-verify-signatures.sh
+++ b/t/t5573-pull-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -78,4 +78,11 @@
 	git pull --ff-only --no-verify-signatures bad 2>pullerror
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'pull unsigned commit into unborn branch' '
+	git init empty-repo &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		git -C empty-repo pull --verify-signatures ..  2>pullerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" pullerror
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
index 348d9b3..cf39e9e 100755
--- a/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
@@ -71,4 +71,10 @@
 	git bundle verify bundle
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failed bundle creation does not leave cruft' '
+	# This fails because the bundle would be empty.
+	test_must_fail git bundle create fail.bundle master..master &&
+	test_path_is_missing fail.bundle.lock
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
index 8360188..0f2b09e 100755
--- a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
@@ -446,6 +446,31 @@
 	git -C client cat-file -e $(git -C client rev-parse annotated_tag)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack respects client shallows' '
+	rm -rf server client trace &&
+
+	git init server &&
+	test_commit -C server base &&
+	test_commit -C server client_has &&
+
+	git clone --depth=1 "file://$(pwd)/server" client &&
+
+	# Add extra commits to the client so that the whole fetch takes more
+	# than 1 request (due to negotiation)
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 32)
+	do
+		test_commit -C client c$i
+	done &&
+
+	git -C server checkout -b newbranch base &&
+	test_commit -C server client_wants &&
+
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$(pwd)/trace" git -C client -c protocol.version=2 \
+		fetch origin newbranch &&
+	# Ensure that protocol v2 is used
+	grep "fetch< version 2" trace
+'
+
 # Test protocol v2 with 'http://' transport
 #
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -512,6 +537,56 @@
 	! grep "git< version 2" log
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'when server sends "ready", expect DELIM' '
+	rm -rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" http_child &&
+
+	git init "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" &&
+	test_commit -C "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" one &&
+
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart/http_parent" http_child &&
+
+	test_commit -C "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" two &&
+
+	# After "ready" in the acknowledgments section, pretend that a FLUSH
+	# (0000) was sent instead of a DELIM (0001).
+	printf "/ready/,$ s/0001/0000/" \
+		>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git -C http_child -c protocol.version=2 \
+		fetch "$HTTPD_URL/one_time_sed/http_parent" 2> err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "expected packfile to be sent after .ready." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'when server does not send "ready", expect FLUSH' '
+	rm -rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" http_child log &&
+
+	git init "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" &&
+	test_commit -C "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" one &&
+
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart/http_parent" http_child &&
+
+	test_commit -C "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/http_parent" two &&
+
+	# Create many commits to extend the negotiation phase across multiple
+	# requests, so that the server does not send "ready" in the first
+	# request.
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 32)
+	do
+		test_commit -C http_child c$i
+	done &&
+
+	# After the acknowledgments section, pretend that a DELIM
+	# (0001) was sent instead of a FLUSH (0000).
+	printf "/acknowledgments/,$ s/0000/0001/" \
+		>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/one-time-sed" &&
+
+	test_must_fail env GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$(pwd)/log" git -C http_child \
+		-c protocol.version=2 \
+		fetch "$HTTPD_URL/one_time_sed/http_parent" 2> err &&
+	grep "fetch< acknowledgments" log &&
+	! grep "fetch< ready" log &&
+	test_i18ngrep "expected no other sections to be sent after no .ready." err
+'
 
 stop_httpd
 
diff --git a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
index fb4d295..0507999 100755
--- a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
+++ b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
@@ -90,11 +90,18 @@
 	9200b628cf9dc883a85a7abc8d6e6730baee589c two
 	EOF
 	echo only-in-index >only-in-index &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
 	git add only-in-index &&
 	git rev-list --objects --indexed-objects >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list can negate index objects' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git rev-list -1 --objects HEAD --not --indexed-objects >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--bisect and --first-parent can not be combined' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-list --bisect --first-parent HEAD
 '
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index b5a1190..a10f0df 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@
 	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$OID_REGEX (tags/\([^)]*\)) |\1 |g"
 }
 
+#
+# Create a test repo with interesting commit graph:
+#
+# A--B----------G--H--I--K--L
+#  \  \           /     /
+#   \  \         /     /
+#    C------E---F     J
+#        \_/
+#
+# The commits are laid out from left-to-right starting with
+# the root commit A and terminating at the tip commit L.
+#
+# There are a few places where we adjust the commit date or
+# author date to make the --topo-order, --date-order, and
+# --author-date-order flags produce different output.
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Hi there" >file &&
 	echo "initial" >lost &&
@@ -21,10 +37,18 @@
 
 	git branch other-branch &&
 
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
 	echo "second" >lost &&
 	git add file lost &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
+	test_tick && GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=$(($test_tick + 120)) git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
 	note B &&
 
 	git checkout other-branch &&
@@ -63,13 +87,6 @@
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
 	note I &&
 
-	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
-	git rm -f "*" &&
-	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
-	git add side &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
-	note J &&
-
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick && git merge --allow-unrelated-histories -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
 	note K &&
@@ -103,14 +120,24 @@
 	check_outcome success "$@"
 }
 
-check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'L K J I H F E D C G B A' --full-history --topo-order
+check_result 'L K I H G F E D C B J A' --full-history
+check_result 'L K I H G F E D C B J A' --full-history --date-order
+check_result 'L K I H G F E D B C J A' --full-history --author-date-order
 check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
 check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
 check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E B C A' --full-history --author-date-order -- file
 check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges --date-order -- file
+check_result 'I E B C A' --simplify-merges --author-date-order -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'I B A' --date-order -- file
+check_result 'I B A' --author-date-order -- file
 check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
+check_result 'H' --first-parent --topo-order -- another-file
 
 check_result 'E C B A' --full-history E -- lost
 test_expect_success 'full history simplification without parent' '
diff --git a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
index db8a783..bb5aeac 100755
--- a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,13 @@
 	git tag foo/bar master &&
 	commit master3 &&
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/foo/baz master &&
-	commit master4
+	commit master4 &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/upstream/one subspace/one &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/upstream/two subspace/two &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/upstream/x subspace-x &&
+	git tag qux/one subspace/one &&
+	git tag qux/two subspace/two &&
+	git tag qux/x subspace-x
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
@@ -141,6 +147,66 @@
 	compare rev-parse "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --exclude=refs/tags/* --all" --branches
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --branches clears --exclude' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=* --branches --branches" "--branches"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --tags clears --exclude' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=* --tags --tags" "--tags"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --all clears --exclude' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=* --all --all" "--all"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=glob with --branches=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=subspace-* --branches=sub*" "subspace/one subspace/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=glob with --tags=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=qux/? --tags=qux/*" "qux/one qux/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=glob with --remotes=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=upstream/? --remotes=upstream/*" "upstream/one upstream/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=ref with --branches=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=subspace-x --branches=sub*" "subspace/one subspace/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=ref with --tags=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=qux/x --tags=qux/*" "qux/one qux/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude=ref with --remotes=glob' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=upstream/x --remotes=upstream/*" "upstream/one upstream/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=glob with --branches=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=subspace-* --branches=sub*" "subspace/one subspace/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=glob with --tags=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=qux/? --tags=qux/*" "qux/one qux/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=glob with --remotes=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=upstream/? --remotes=upstream/*" "upstream/one upstream/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=ref with --branches=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=subspace-x --branches=sub*" "subspace/one subspace/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=ref with --tags=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=qux/x --tags=qux/*" "qux/one qux/two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude=ref with --remotes=glob' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=upstream/x --remotes=upstream/*" "upstream/one upstream/two"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
 
 	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/*"
@@ -233,7 +299,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --tags' '
 
-	compare rev-list "foo/bar" "--tags"
+	compare rev-list "foo/bar qux/x qux/two qux/one" "--tags"
 
 '
 
@@ -292,7 +358,7 @@
 	  "master other/three someref subspace-x subspace/one subspace/two" \
 	  "--glob=heads/*" &&
 	compare shortlog foo/bar --tags=foo &&
-	compare shortlog foo/bar --tags &&
+	compare shortlog "foo/bar qux/one qux/two qux/x" --tags &&
 	compare shortlog foo/baz --remotes=foo
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
index 59e52c5..e1cef58 100755
--- a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -230,13 +230,13 @@
 			:2:new_a :3:new_a &&
 		test_cmp expect actual &&
 
-		git cat-file -p B:new_a >ours &&
-		git cat-file -p C:new_a >theirs &&
+		git cat-file -p C:new_a >ours &&
+		git cat-file -p B:new_a >theirs &&
 		>empty &&
 		test_must_fail git merge-file \
-			-L "Temporary merge branch 2" \
-			-L "" \
 			-L "Temporary merge branch 1" \
+			-L "" \
+			-L "Temporary merge branch 2" \
 			ours empty theirs &&
 		sed -e "s/^\([<=>]\)/\1\1\1/" ours >expect &&
 		git cat-file -p :1:new_a >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
index eb829fc..2462b19 100755
--- a/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
@@ -194,4 +194,21 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude case #8' '
+	git init case8 &&
+	(
+		cd case8 &&
+		echo file >file1 &&
+		echo file >file2 &&
+		git add file1 file2 &&
+		git commit -m twofiles &&
+		git grep -l file HEAD :^file2 >actual &&
+		echo HEAD:file1 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected actual &&
+		git grep -l file HEAD :^file1 >actual &&
+		echo HEAD:file2 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6600-test-reach.sh b/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
index ae94b27..b24d850 100755
--- a/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
+++ b/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
@@ -56,18 +56,22 @@
 	git config core.commitGraph true
 '
 
-test_three_modes () {
+run_three_modes () {
 	test_when_finished rm -rf .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
-	test-tool reach $1 <input >actual &&
+	"$@" <input >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	cp commit-graph-full .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
-	test-tool reach $1 <input >actual &&
+	"$@" <input >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	cp commit-graph-half .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
-	test-tool reach $1 <input >actual &&
+	"$@" <input >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
+test_three_modes () {
+	run_three_modes test-tool reach "$@"
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'ref_newer:miss' '
 	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
 	A:commit-5-7
@@ -265,4 +269,140 @@
 	test_three_modes commit_contains --tag
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: basic topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 commit-5-6 commit-4-6 commit-3-6 commit-2-6 commit-1-6 \
+		commit-6-5 commit-5-5 commit-4-5 commit-3-5 commit-2-5 commit-1-5 \
+		commit-6-4 commit-5-4 commit-4-4 commit-3-4 commit-2-4 commit-1-4 \
+		commit-6-3 commit-5-3 commit-4-3 commit-3-3 commit-2-3 commit-1-3 \
+		commit-6-2 commit-5-2 commit-4-2 commit-3-2 commit-2-2 commit-1-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 commit-3-1 commit-2-1 commit-1-1 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --topo-order commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: first-parent topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 \
+		commit-6-5 \
+		commit-6-4 \
+		commit-6-3 \
+		commit-6-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 commit-3-1 commit-2-1 commit-1-1 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --first-parent --topo-order commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: range topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 commit-5-6 commit-4-6 commit-3-6 commit-2-6 commit-1-6 \
+		commit-6-5 commit-5-5 commit-4-5 commit-3-5 commit-2-5 commit-1-5 \
+		commit-6-4 commit-5-4 commit-4-4 commit-3-4 commit-2-4 commit-1-4 \
+		commit-6-3 commit-5-3 commit-4-3 \
+		commit-6-2 commit-5-2 commit-4-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --topo-order commit-3-3..commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: range topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 commit-5-6 commit-4-6 \
+		commit-6-5 commit-5-5 commit-4-5 \
+		commit-6-4 commit-5-4 commit-4-4 \
+		commit-6-3 commit-5-3 commit-4-3 \
+		commit-6-2 commit-5-2 commit-4-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --topo-order commit-3-8..commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: first-parent range topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 \
+		commit-6-5 \
+		commit-6-4 \
+		commit-6-3 \
+		commit-6-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --first-parent --topo-order commit-3-8..commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: ancestry-path topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 commit-5-6 commit-4-6 commit-3-6 \
+		commit-6-5 commit-5-5 commit-4-5 commit-3-5 \
+		commit-6-4 commit-5-4 commit-4-4 commit-3-4 \
+		commit-6-3 commit-5-3 commit-4-3 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --topo-order --ancestry-path commit-3-3..commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list: symmetric difference topo-order' '
+	git rev-parse \
+		commit-6-6 commit-5-6 commit-4-6 \
+		commit-6-5 commit-5-5 commit-4-5 \
+		commit-6-4 commit-5-4 commit-4-4 \
+		commit-6-3 commit-5-3 commit-4-3 \
+		commit-6-2 commit-5-2 commit-4-2 \
+		commit-6-1 commit-5-1 commit-4-1 \
+		commit-3-8 commit-2-8 commit-1-8 \
+		commit-3-7 commit-2-7 commit-1-7 \
+	>expect &&
+	run_three_modes git rev-list --topo-order commit-3-8...commit-6-6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get_reachable_subset:all' '
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	X:commit-9-1
+	X:commit-8-3
+	X:commit-7-5
+	X:commit-6-6
+	X:commit-1-7
+	Y:commit-3-3
+	Y:commit-1-7
+	Y:commit-5-6
+	EOF
+	(
+		echo "get_reachable_subset(X,Y)" &&
+		git rev-parse commit-3-3 \
+			      commit-1-7 \
+			      commit-5-6 | sort
+	) >expect &&
+	test_three_modes get_reachable_subset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get_reachable_subset:some' '
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	X:commit-9-1
+	X:commit-8-3
+	X:commit-7-5
+	X:commit-1-7
+	Y:commit-3-3
+	Y:commit-1-7
+	Y:commit-5-6
+	EOF
+	(
+		echo "get_reachable_subset(X,Y)" &&
+		git rev-parse commit-3-3 \
+			      commit-1-7 | sort
+	) >expect &&
+	test_three_modes get_reachable_subset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get_reachable_subset:none' '
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	X:commit-9-1
+	X:commit-8-3
+	X:commit-7-5
+	X:commit-1-7
+	Y:commit-9-3
+	Y:commit-7-6
+	Y:commit-2-8
+	EOF
+	echo "get_reachable_subset(X,Y)" >expect &&
+	test_three_modes get_reachable_subset
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index c0ffc10..76a7cb0 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -1224,6 +1224,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone active submodule without submodule url set' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf test/test" &&
+	mkdir test &&
+	# another dir breaks accidental relative paths still being correct
+	git clone file://"$pwd"/multisuper test/test &&
+	(
+		cd test/test &&
+		git config submodule.active "." &&
+
+		# do not pass --init flag, as the submodule is already active:
+		git submodule update &&
+		git submodule status >actual_raw &&
+
+		cut -c 1,43- actual_raw >actual &&
+		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		 sub0 (test2)
+		 sub1 (test2)
+		 sub2 (test2)
+		 sub3 (test2)
+		EOF
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone --recurse-submodules with a pathspec works' '
 	test_when_finished "rm -rf multisuper_clone" &&
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh b/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh
index 0bde585..89690b7 100755
--- a/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7411-submodule-config.sh
@@ -82,29 +82,23 @@
 Submodule name: 'submodule' for path 'submodule'
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'error in one submodule config lets continue' '
+test_expect_success 'error in history of one submodule config lets continue, stderr message contains blob ref' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
 	(cd super &&
 		cp .gitmodules .gitmodules.bak &&
 		echo "	value = \"" >>.gitmodules &&
 		git add .gitmodules &&
 		mv .gitmodules.bak .gitmodules &&
 		git commit -m "add error" &&
-		test-tool submodule-config \
-			HEAD b \
-			HEAD submodule \
-				>actual &&
-		test_cmp expect_error actual
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'error message contains blob reference' '
-	(cd super &&
 		sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 		test-tool submodule-config \
 			HEAD b \
 			HEAD submodule \
-				2>actual_err &&
-		test_i18ngrep "submodule-blob $sha1:.gitmodules" actual_err >/dev/null
+				>actual \
+				2>actual_stderr &&
+		test_cmp expect_error actual &&
+		test_i18ngrep "submodule-blob $sha1:.gitmodules" actual_stderr >/dev/null
 	)
 '
 
@@ -123,6 +117,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'error in history in fetchrecursesubmodule lets continue' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
 	(cd super &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules \
 			submodule.submodule.fetchrecursesubmodules blabla &&
@@ -134,8 +130,123 @@
 			HEAD b \
 			HEAD submodule \
 				>actual &&
-		test_cmp expect_error actual  &&
-		git reset --hard HEAD^
+		test_cmp expect_error actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading submodules config from the working tree with "submodule--helper config"' '
+	(cd super &&
+		echo "../submodule" >expect &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing submodules config with "submodule--helper config"' '
+	(cd super &&
+		echo "new_url" >expect &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url "new_url" &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overwriting unstaged submodules config with "submodule--helper config"' '
+	test_when_finished "git -C super checkout .gitmodules" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		echo "newer_url" >expect &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url "newer_url" &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writeable .gitmodules when it is in the working tree' '
+	git -C super submodule--helper config --check-writeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writeable .gitmodules when it is nowhere in the repository' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git rm .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "remove .gitmodules from the current branch" &&
+		git submodule--helper config --check-writeable
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-writeable .gitmodules when it is in the index but not in the working tree' '
+	test_when_finished "git -C super checkout .gitmodules" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		rm -f .gitmodules &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule--helper config --check-writeable
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-writeable .gitmodules when it is in the current branch but not in the index' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git rm .gitmodules &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule--helper config --check-writeable
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading submodules config from the index when .gitmodules is not in the working tree' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url "staged_url" &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		rm -f .gitmodules &&
+		echo "staged_url" >expect &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading submodules config from the current branch when .gitmodules is not in the index' '
+	ORIG=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git -C super reset --hard $ORIG" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git rm .gitmodules &&
+		echo "../submodule" >expect &&
+		git submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading nested submodules config' '
+	(cd super &&
+		git init submodule/nested_submodule &&
+		echo "a" >submodule/nested_submodule/a &&
+		git -C submodule/nested_submodule add a &&
+		git -C submodule/nested_submodule commit -m "add a" &&
+		git -C submodule submodule add ./nested_submodule &&
+		git -C submodule add nested_submodule &&
+		git -C submodule commit -m "added nested_submodule" &&
+		git add submodule &&
+		git commit -m "updated submodule" &&
+		echo "./nested_submodule" >expect &&
+		test-tool submodule-nested-repo-config \
+			submodule submodule.nested_submodule.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+# When this test eventually passes, before turning it into
+# test_expect_success, remember to replace the test_i18ngrep below with
+# a "test_must_be_empty warning" to be sure that the warning is actually
+# removed from the code.
+test_expect_failure 'reading nested submodules config when .gitmodules is not in the working tree' '
+	test_when_finished "git -C super/submodule checkout .gitmodules" &&
+	(cd super &&
+		echo "./nested_submodule" >expect &&
+		rm submodule/.gitmodules &&
+		test-tool submodule-nested-repo-config \
+			submodule submodule.nested_submodule.url >actual 2>warning &&
+		test_i18ngrep "nested submodules without %s in the working tree are not supported yet" warning &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7418-submodule-sparse-gitmodules.sh b/t/t7418-submodule-sparse-gitmodules.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3f7f2718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7418-submodule-sparse-gitmodules.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018  Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it>
+#
+
+test_description='Test reading/writing .gitmodules when not in the working tree
+
+This test verifies that, when .gitmodules is in the current branch but is not
+in the working tree reading from it still works but writing to it does not.
+
+The test setup uses a sparse checkout, however the same scenario can be set up
+also by committing .gitmodules and then just removing it from the filesystem.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'sparse checkout setup which hides .gitmodules' '
+	git init upstream &&
+	git init submodule &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+		echo file >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Add file"
+	) &&
+	(cd upstream &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Add submodule"
+	) &&
+	git clone upstream super &&
+	(cd super &&
+		cat >.git/info/sparse-checkout <<-\EOF &&
+		/*
+		!/.gitmodules
+		EOF
+		git config core.sparsecheckout true &&
+		git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+		test_path_is_missing .gitmodules
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading gitmodules config file when it is not checked out' '
+	echo "../submodule" >expect &&
+	git -C super submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not writing gitmodules config file when it is not checked out' '
+	test_must_fail git -C super submodule--helper config submodule.submodule.url newurl &&
+	test_path_is_missing super/.gitmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialising submodule when the gitmodules config is not checked out' '
+	test_must_fail git -C super config submodule.submodule.url &&
+	git -C super submodule init &&
+	git -C super config submodule.submodule.url >actual &&
+	echo "$(pwd)/submodule" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating submodule when the gitmodules config is not checked out' '
+	test_path_is_missing super/submodule/file &&
+	git -C super submodule update &&
+	test_cmp submodule/file super/submodule/file
+'
+
+ORIG_SUBMODULE=$(git -C submodule rev-parse HEAD)
+ORIG_UPSTREAM=$(git -C upstream rev-parse HEAD)
+ORIG_SUPER=$(git -C super rev-parse HEAD)
+
+test_expect_success 're-updating submodule when the gitmodules config is not checked out' '
+	test_when_finished "git -C submodule reset --hard $ORIG_SUBMODULE;
+			    git -C upstream reset --hard $ORIG_UPSTREAM;
+			    git -C super reset --hard $ORIG_SUPER;
+			    git -C upstream submodule update --remote;
+			    git -C super pull;
+			    git -C super submodule update --remote" &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Add file2 to submodule"
+	) &&
+	(cd upstream &&
+		git submodule update --remote &&
+		git add submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Update submodule"
+	) &&
+	git -C super pull &&
+	# The --for-status options reads the gitmodules config
+	git -C super submodule summary --for-status >actual &&
+	rev1=$(git -C submodule rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	rev2=$(git -C submodule rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	* submodule ${rev1}...${rev2} (1):
+	  < Add file2 to submodule
+
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	# Test that the update actually succeeds
+	test_path_is_missing super/submodule/file2 &&
+	git -C super submodule update &&
+	test_cmp submodule/file2 super/submodule/file2 &&
+	git -C super status --short >output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not adding submodules when the gitmodules config is not checked out' '
+	git clone submodule new_submodule &&
+	test_must_fail git -C super submodule add ../new_submodule &&
+	test_path_is_missing .gitmodules
+'
+
+# This test checks that the previous "git submodule add" did not leave the
+# repository in a spurious state when it failed.
+test_expect_success 'init submodule still works even after the previous add failed' '
+	git -C super submodule init
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 1f43b3c..ebfcad9 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
 }
 
 test_rebase success -i
-test_rebase success -p
+test_have_prereq !REBASE_P || test_rebase success -p
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (cherry-pick)' '
 	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
diff --git a/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
index 943708f..08629a6 100755
--- a/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
@@ -325,7 +325,8 @@
 	(
 		cd super &&
 		git clean -dfx &&
-		rm .gitmodules &&
+		git rm .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "remove .gitmodules" &&
 		git submodule add -f ./sub1 &&
 		git submodule add -f ./sub2 &&
 		git submodule add -f ./sub1 sub3 &&
diff --git a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
index 4e37ff8..86d3f93 100755
--- a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
@@ -175,8 +175,10 @@
 	G
 	13B6F51ECDDE430D
 	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	73D758744BE721698EC54E8713B6F51ECDDE430D
+	73D758744BE721698EC54E8713B6F51ECDDE430D
 	EOF
-	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" sixth-signed >actual &&
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" sixth-signed >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -185,28 +187,34 @@
 	B
 	13B6F51ECDDE430D
 	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+
 	EOF
-	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" $(cat forged1.commit) >actual &&
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" $(cat forged1.commit) >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success GPG 'show untrusted signature with custom format' '
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	U
-	61092E85B7227189
+	65A0EEA02E30CAD7
 	Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>
+	F8364A59E07FFE9F4D63005A65A0EEA02E30CAD7
+	D4BE22311AD3131E5EDA29A461092E85B7227189
 	EOF
-	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success GPG 'show unknown signature with custom format' '
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	E
-	61092E85B7227189
+	65A0EEA02E30CAD7
+
+
 
 	EOF
-	GNUPGHOME="$GNUPGHOME_NOT_USED" git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
+	GNUPGHOME="$GNUPGHOME_NOT_USED" git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -215,8 +223,10 @@
 	N
 
 
+
+
 	EOF
-	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" seventh-unsigned >actual &&
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" seventh-unsigned >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -234,4 +244,32 @@
 	test_must_fail git commit -S --amend -m "fail"
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged commit with double signature' '
+	sed -e "/gpgsig/,/END PGP/d" forged1 >double-base &&
+	sed -n -e "/gpgsig/,/END PGP/p" forged1 | \
+		sed -e "s/^gpgsig//;s/^ //" | gpg --dearmor >double-sig1.sig &&
+	gpg -o double-sig2.sig -u 29472784 --detach-sign double-base &&
+	cat double-sig1.sig double-sig2.sig | gpg --enarmor >double-combined.asc &&
+	sed -e "s/^\(-.*\)ARMORED FILE/\1SIGNATURE/;1s/^/gpgsig /;2,\$s/^/ /" \
+		double-combined.asc > double-gpgsig &&
+	sed -e "/committer/r double-gpgsig" double-base >double-commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit double-commit >double-commit.commit &&
+	test_must_fail git verify-commit $(cat double-commit.commit) &&
+	git show --pretty=short --show-signature $(cat double-commit.commit) >double-actual &&
+	grep "BAD signature from" double-actual &&
+	grep "Good signature from" double-actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show double signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	E
+
+
+
+
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS%n%GF%n%GP" $(cat double-commit.commit) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh b/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh
index 2a22fa7..231b8cc 100755
--- a/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh
+++ b/t/t7517-per-repo-email.sh
@@ -72,12 +72,14 @@
 	git rebase -i HEAD^
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fast-forward rebase does not care about ident (preserve)' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P \
+	'fast-forward rebase does not care about ident (preserve)' '
 	git checkout -B tmp side-without-commit &&
 	git rebase -p master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward rebase refuses to write commits (preserve)' '
+test_expect_success REBASE_P \
+	'non-fast-forward rebase refuses to write commits (preserve)' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || true" &&
 	git checkout -B tmp side-with-commit &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -p master
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
index e2b1df8..d99218a 100755
--- a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -103,4 +103,11 @@
 	git merge --no-verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit)
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit into unborn branch' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout initial" &&
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index 562bd21..22b9199 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
 	echo branch >expect &&
 	git difftool --no-prompt \
-		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \\\"\$2\\\"\" branch >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh b/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
index 7184113..fa475d5 100755
--- a/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
+++ b/t/t7814-grep-recurse-submodules.sh
@@ -380,4 +380,20 @@
 	fi
 '
 
+# Recursing down into nested submodules which do not have .gitmodules in their
+# working tree does not work yet. This is because config_from_gitmodules()
+# uses get_oid() and the latter is still not able to get objects from an
+# arbitrary repository (the nested submodule, in this case).
+test_expect_failure 'grep --recurse-submodules with submodules without .gitmodules in the working tree' '
+	test_when_finished "git -C submodule checkout .gitmodules" &&
+	rm submodule/.gitmodules &&
+	git grep --recurse-submodules -e "(.|.)[\d]" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	a:(1|2)d(3|4)
+	submodule/a:(1|2)d(3|4)
+	submodule/sub/a:(1|2)d(3|4)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index 380e1c1..eea048e 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,8 @@
 	check_abbrev 40 --no-abbrev
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--exclude-promisor-objects does not BUG-crash' '
+	test_must_fail git blame --exclude-promisor-objects one
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 1ef1a19..ee1efcc 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -492,6 +492,21 @@
 			--validate \
 			$patches longline.patch
 	'
+
+done
+
+for enc in 7bit 8bit quoted-printable base64
+do
+	test_expect_success $PREREQ "--transfer-encoding=$enc produces correct header" '
+		clean_fake_sendmail &&
+		git send-email \
+			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+			--to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			--transfer-encoding=$enc \
+			$patches &&
+		grep "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $enc" msgtxt1
+	'
 done
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Invalid In-Reply-To' '
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 40fe7e4..59a13b6 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	git fast-import <input &&
-	test 8 = $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l) &&
+	test 8 = $(find .git/objects/pack -type f | grep -v multi-pack-index | wc -l) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse refs/tags/O3-2nd) = $(git rev-parse O3^) &&
 	git log --reverse --pretty=oneline O3 | sed s/^.*z// >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 2f42b36..4397c01 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -747,6 +747,29 @@
 	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
 }
 
+# Check that the given config key has the expected value.
+#
+#    test_cmp_config [-C <dir>] <expected-value>
+#                    [<git-config-options>...] <config-key>
+#
+# for example to check that the value of core.bar is foo
+#
+#    test_cmp_config foo core.bar
+#
+test_cmp_config() {
+	local GD &&
+	if test "$1" = "-C"
+	then
+		shift &&
+		GD="-C $1" &&
+		shift
+	fi &&
+	printf "%s\n" "$1" >expect.config &&
+	shift &&
+	git $GD config "$@" >actual.config &&
+	test_cmp expect.config actual.config
+}
+
 # test_cmp_bin - helper to compare binary files
 
 test_cmp_bin() {
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index edee38a..219ca1d 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 done,*)
 	# do not redirect again
 	;;
-*' --tee '*|*' --va'*|*' --verbose-log '*)
+*' --tee '*|*' --va'*|*' -V '*|*' --verbose-log '*)
 	mkdir -p "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 	BASE="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
 			echo >&2 "warning: ignoring -x; '$0' is untraceable without BASH_XTRACEFD"
 		fi
 		shift ;;
-	--verbose-log)
+	-V|--verbose-log)
 		verbose_log=t
 		shift ;;
 	*)
@@ -1280,3 +1280,7 @@
 test_lazy_prereq SHA1 '
 	test $(git hash-object /dev/null) = e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
 '
+
+test_lazy_prereq REBASE_P '
+	test -z "$GIT_TEST_SKIP_REBASE_P"
+'
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
index a2135e0..5329845 100644
--- a/thread-utils.c
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 
 int online_cpus(void)
 {
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	return 1;
+#else
 #ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
 	long ncpus;
 #endif
@@ -59,10 +62,12 @@
 #endif
 
 	return 1;
+#endif
 }
 
 int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *m)
 {
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	pthread_mutexattr_t a;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -74,4 +79,47 @@
 		pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&a);
 	}
 	return ret;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
 }
+
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+int dummy_pthread_create(pthread_t *pthread, const void *attr,
+			 void *(*fn)(void *), void *data)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Do nothing.
+	 *
+	 * The main purpose of this function is to break compiler's
+	 * flow analysis and avoid -Wunused-variable false warnings.
+	 */
+	return ENOSYS;
+}
+
+int dummy_pthread_init(void *data)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Do nothing.
+	 *
+	 * The main purpose of this function is to break compiler's
+	 * flow analysis or it may realize that functions like
+	 * pthread_mutex_init() is no-op, which means the (static)
+	 * variable is not used/initialized at all and trigger
+	 * -Wunused-variable
+	 */
+	return ENOSYS;
+}
+
+int dummy_pthread_join(pthread_t pthread, void **retval)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Do nothing.
+	 *
+	 * The main purpose of this function is to break compiler's
+	 * flow analysis and avoid -Wunused-variable false warnings.
+	 */
+	return ENOSYS;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/thread-utils.h b/thread-utils.h
index d9a769d..4961487 100644
--- a/thread-utils.h
+++ b/thread-utils.h
@@ -4,12 +4,54 @@
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 #include <pthread.h>
 
-extern int online_cpus(void);
-extern int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t*);
+#define HAVE_THREADS 1
 
 #else
 
-#define online_cpus() 1
+#define HAVE_THREADS 0
+
+/*
+ * macros instead of typedefs because pthread definitions may have
+ * been pulled in by some system dependencies even though the user
+ * wants to disable pthread.
+ */
+#define pthread_t int
+#define pthread_mutex_t int
+#define pthread_cond_t int
+#define pthread_key_t int
+
+#define pthread_mutex_init(mutex, attr) dummy_pthread_init(mutex)
+#define pthread_mutex_lock(mutex)
+#define pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex)
+#define pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex)
+
+#define pthread_cond_init(cond, attr) dummy_pthread_init(cond)
+#define pthread_cond_wait(cond, mutex)
+#define pthread_cond_signal(cond)
+#define pthread_cond_broadcast(cond)
+#define pthread_cond_destroy(cond)
+
+#define pthread_key_create(key, attr) dummy_pthread_init(key)
+#define pthread_key_delete(key)
+
+#define pthread_create(thread, attr, fn, data) \
+	dummy_pthread_create(thread, attr, fn, data)
+#define pthread_join(thread, retval) \
+	dummy_pthread_join(thread, retval)
+
+#define pthread_setspecific(key, data)
+#define pthread_getspecific(key) NULL
+
+int dummy_pthread_create(pthread_t *pthread, const void *attr,
+			 void *(*fn)(void *), void *data);
+int dummy_pthread_join(pthread_t pthread, void **retval);
+
+int dummy_pthread_init(void *);
 
 #endif
+
+int online_cpus(void);
+int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t*);
+
+
 #endif /* THREAD_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 01ce11a..5a74b60 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
 					oid_array_append(&commits,
 							  &ref->new_oid);
 
-			if (!push_unpushed_submodules(&the_index,
+			if (!push_unpushed_submodules(the_repository,
 						      &commits,
 						      transport->remote,
 						      rs,
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
 					oid_array_append(&commits,
 							  &ref->new_oid);
 
-			if (find_unpushed_submodules(&the_index,
+			if (find_unpushed_submodules(the_repository,
 						     &commits,
 						     transport->remote->name,
 						     &needs_pushing)) {
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 77b37f3..79bafbd 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
 	 *   5  |  file |    1     |    1     |   0
 	 *   6  |  file |    1     |    2     |   0
 	 *   7  |  file |    2     |   -1     |   2
-	 *   8  |  file |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *   8  |  file |    2     |    0     |   1
 	 *   9  |  file |    2     |    1     |   0
 	 *  10  |  file |    2     |    2     |  -1
 	 * -----+-------+----------+----------+-------
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@
 	 *  15  |  dir  |    1     |    1     |   1 (*)
 	 *  16  |  dir  |    1     |    2     |   0
 	 *  17  |  dir  |    2     |   -1     |   2
-	 *  18  |  dir  |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *  18  |  dir  |    2     |    0     |   1
 	 *  19  |  dir  |    2     |    1     |   1 (*)
 	 *  20  |  dir  |    2     |    2     |  -1
 	 *
@@ -1134,7 +1134,12 @@
 
 	negative = do_match(entry, base, base_offset, ps, 1);
 
-	/* #3, #4, #7, #8, #13, #14, #17, #18 */
+	/* #8, #18 */
+	if (positive == all_entries_interesting &&
+	    negative == entry_not_interesting)
+		return entry_interesting;
+
+	/* #3, #4, #7, #13, #14, #17 */
 	if (negative <= entry_not_interesting)
 		return positive;
 
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 3f906cc..5e81f1f 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
 #define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
+#define ALL_FLAGS (THEY_HAVE | OUR_REF | WANTED | COMMON_KNOWN | SHALLOW | \
+		NOT_SHALLOW | CLIENT_SHALLOW | HIDDEN_REF)
+
 static timestamp_t oldest_have;
 
 static int deepen_relative;
@@ -53,8 +56,6 @@
 #define ALLOW_ANY_SHA1	07
 static unsigned int allow_unadvertised_object_request;
 static int shallow_nr;
-static struct object_array have_obj;
-static struct object_array want_obj;
 static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
 static unsigned int timeout;
 static int keepalive = 5;
@@ -100,7 +101,8 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void create_pack_file(void)
+static void create_pack_file(const struct object_array *have_obj,
+			     const struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
@@ -161,13 +163,13 @@
 	if (shallow_nr)
 		for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, pipe_fd);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj->nr; i++)
 		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
-			oid_to_hex(&want_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
+			oid_to_hex(&want_obj->objects[i].item->oid));
 	fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < have_obj->nr; i++)
 		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
-			oid_to_hex(&have_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
+			oid_to_hex(&have_obj->objects[i].item->oid));
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
 		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
 			oid_to_hex(&extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->oid));
@@ -304,7 +306,8 @@
 	die("git upload-pack: %s", abort_msg);
 }
 
-static int got_oid(const char *hex, struct object_id *oid)
+static int got_oid(const char *hex, struct object_id *oid,
+		   struct object_array *have_obj)
 {
 	struct object *o;
 	int we_knew_they_have = 0;
@@ -332,25 +335,27 @@
 			parents->item->object.flags |= THEY_HAVE;
 	}
 	if (!we_knew_they_have) {
-		add_object_array(o, NULL, &have_obj);
+		add_object_array(o, NULL, have_obj);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ok_to_give_up(void)
+static int ok_to_give_up(const struct object_array *have_obj,
+			 struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	uint32_t min_generation = GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO;
 
-	if (!have_obj.nr)
+	if (!have_obj->nr)
 		return 0;
 
-	return can_all_from_reach_with_flag(&want_obj, THEY_HAVE,
+	return can_all_from_reach_with_flag(want_obj, THEY_HAVE,
 					    COMMON_KNOWN, oldest_have,
 					    min_generation);
 }
 
-static int get_common_commits(void)
+static int get_common_commits(struct object_array *have_obj,
+			      struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	struct object_id oid;
 	char last_hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
@@ -368,11 +373,11 @@
 
 		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
-			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
+			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up(have_obj, want_obj)) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
 				packet_write_fmt(1, "ACK %s ready\n", last_hex);
 			}
-			if (have_obj.nr == 0 || multi_ack)
+			if (have_obj->nr == 0 || multi_ack)
 				packet_write_fmt(1, "NAK\n");
 
 			if (no_done && sent_ready) {
@@ -386,10 +391,10 @@
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (skip_prefix(line, "have ", &arg)) {
-			switch (got_oid(arg, &oid)) {
+			switch (got_oid(arg, &oid, have_obj)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
 				got_other = 1;
-				if (multi_ack && ok_to_give_up()) {
+				if (multi_ack && ok_to_give_up(have_obj, want_obj)) {
 					const char *hex = oid_to_hex(&oid);
 					if (multi_ack == 2) {
 						sent_ready = 1;
@@ -405,14 +410,14 @@
 					packet_write_fmt(1, "ACK %s common\n", last_hex);
 				else if (multi_ack)
 					packet_write_fmt(1, "ACK %s continue\n", last_hex);
-				else if (have_obj.nr == 1)
+				else if (have_obj->nr == 1)
 					packet_write_fmt(1, "ACK %s\n", last_hex);
 				break;
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(line, "done")) {
-			if (have_obj.nr > 0) {
+			if (have_obj->nr > 0) {
 				if (multi_ack)
 					packet_write_fmt(1, "ACK %s\n", last_hex);
 				return 0;
@@ -583,7 +588,7 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void check_non_tip(void)
+static void check_non_tip(struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -594,14 +599,14 @@
 	 */
 	if (!stateless_rpc && !(allow_unadvertised_object_request & ALLOW_REACHABLE_SHA1))
 		goto error;
-	if (!has_unreachable(&want_obj))
+	if (!has_unreachable(want_obj))
 		/* All the non-tip ones are ancestors of what we advertised */
 		return;
 
 error:
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj->nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = want_obj->objects[i].item;
 		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    oid_to_hex(&o->oid));
@@ -622,7 +627,8 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void send_unshallow(const struct object_array *shallows)
+static void send_unshallow(const struct object_array *shallows,
+			   struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -646,7 +652,7 @@
 			parents = ((struct commit *)object)->parents;
 			while (parents) {
 				add_object_array(&parents->item->object,
-						 NULL, &want_obj);
+						 NULL, want_obj);
 				parents = parents->next;
 			}
 			add_object_array(object, NULL, &extra_edge_obj);
@@ -657,7 +663,7 @@
 }
 
 static void deepen(int depth, int deepen_relative,
-		   struct object_array *shallows)
+		   struct object_array *shallows, struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH && !is_repository_shallow(the_repository)) {
 		int i;
@@ -680,17 +686,18 @@
 	} else {
 		struct commit_list *result;
 
-		result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+		result = get_shallow_commits(want_obj, depth,
 					     SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		send_shallow(result);
 		free_commit_list(result);
 	}
 
-	send_unshallow(shallows);
+	send_unshallow(shallows, want_obj);
 }
 
 static void deepen_by_rev_list(int ac, const char **av,
-			       struct object_array *shallows)
+			       struct object_array *shallows,
+			       struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	struct commit_list *result;
 
@@ -698,21 +705,22 @@
 	result = get_shallow_commits_by_rev_list(ac, av, SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 	send_shallow(result);
 	free_commit_list(result);
-	send_unshallow(shallows);
+	send_unshallow(shallows, want_obj);
 }
 
 /* Returns 1 if a shallow list is sent or 0 otherwise */
 static int send_shallow_list(int depth, int deepen_rev_list,
 			     timestamp_t deepen_since,
 			     struct string_list *deepen_not,
-			     struct object_array *shallows)
+			     struct object_array *shallows,
+			     struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (depth > 0 && deepen_rev_list)
 		die("git upload-pack: deepen and deepen-since (or deepen-not) cannot be used together");
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		deepen(depth, deepen_relative, shallows);
+		deepen(depth, deepen_relative, shallows, want_obj);
 		ret = 1;
 	} else if (deepen_rev_list) {
 		struct argv_array av = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
@@ -729,11 +737,11 @@
 			}
 			argv_array_push(&av, "--not");
 		}
-		for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
+		for (i = 0; i < want_obj->nr; i++) {
+			struct object *o = want_obj->objects[i].item;
 			argv_array_push(&av, oid_to_hex(&o->oid));
 		}
-		deepen_by_rev_list(av.argc, av.argv, shallows);
+		deepen_by_rev_list(av.argc, av.argv, shallows, want_obj);
 		argv_array_clear(&av);
 		ret = 1;
 	} else {
@@ -818,7 +826,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void receive_needs(void)
+static void receive_needs(struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct string_list deepen_not = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -896,7 +904,7 @@
 			if (!((allow_unadvertised_object_request & ALLOW_ANY_SHA1) == ALLOW_ANY_SHA1
 			      || is_our_ref(o)))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
-			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, want_obj);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -908,7 +916,7 @@
 	 * by another process that handled the initial request.
 	 */
 	if (has_non_tip)
-		check_non_tip();
+		check_non_tip(want_obj);
 
 	if (!use_sideband && daemon_mode)
 		no_progress = 1;
@@ -917,7 +925,7 @@
 		return;
 
 	if (send_shallow_list(depth, deepen_rev_list, deepen_since,
-			      &deepen_not, &shallows))
+			      &deepen_not, &shallows, want_obj))
 		packet_flush(1);
 	object_array_clear(&shallows);
 }
@@ -1046,6 +1054,7 @@
 void upload_pack(struct upload_pack_options *options)
 {
 	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct object_array want_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	stateless_rpc = options->stateless_rpc;
 	timeout = options->timeout;
@@ -1069,10 +1078,11 @@
 	if (options->advertise_refs)
 		return;
 
-	receive_needs();
+	receive_needs(&want_obj);
 	if (want_obj.nr) {
-		get_common_commits();
-		create_pack_file();
+		struct object_array have_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+		get_common_commits(&have_obj, &want_obj);
+		create_pack_file(&have_obj, &want_obj);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1122,7 +1132,7 @@
 	string_list_clear(&data->deepen_not, 0);
 }
 
-static int parse_want(const char *line)
+static int parse_want(const char *line, struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	const char *arg;
 	if (skip_prefix(line, "want ", &arg)) {
@@ -1144,7 +1154,7 @@
 
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, want_obj);
 		}
 
 		return 1;
@@ -1153,7 +1163,8 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_want_ref(const char *line, struct string_list *wanted_refs)
+static int parse_want_ref(const char *line, struct string_list *wanted_refs,
+			  struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	const char *arg;
 	if (skip_prefix(line, "want-ref ", &arg)) {
@@ -1172,7 +1183,7 @@
 		o = parse_object_or_die(&oid, arg);
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, want_obj);
 		}
 
 		return 1;
@@ -1197,16 +1208,18 @@
 }
 
 static void process_args(struct packet_reader *request,
-			 struct upload_pack_data *data)
+			 struct upload_pack_data *data,
+			 struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	while (packet_reader_read(request) != PACKET_READ_FLUSH) {
 		const char *arg = request->line;
 		const char *p;
 
 		/* process want */
-		if (parse_want(arg))
+		if (parse_want(arg, want_obj))
 			continue;
-		if (allow_ref_in_want && parse_want_ref(arg, &data->wanted_refs))
+		if (allow_ref_in_want &&
+		    parse_want_ref(arg, &data->wanted_refs, want_obj))
 			continue;
 		/* process have line */
 		if (parse_have(arg, &data->haves))
@@ -1260,7 +1273,8 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int process_haves(struct oid_array *haves, struct oid_array *common)
+static int process_haves(struct oid_array *haves, struct oid_array *common,
+			 struct object_array *have_obj)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -1293,13 +1307,15 @@
 				parents->item->object.flags |= THEY_HAVE;
 		}
 		if (!we_knew_they_have)
-			add_object_array(o, NULL, &have_obj);
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, have_obj);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int send_acks(struct oid_array *acks, struct strbuf *response)
+static int send_acks(struct oid_array *acks, struct strbuf *response,
+		     const struct object_array *have_obj,
+		     struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -1314,7 +1330,7 @@
 				 oid_to_hex(&acks->oid[i]));
 	}
 
-	if (ok_to_give_up()) {
+	if (ok_to_give_up(have_obj, want_obj)) {
 		/* Send Ready */
 		packet_buf_write(response, "ready\n");
 		return 1;
@@ -1323,16 +1339,18 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int process_haves_and_send_acks(struct upload_pack_data *data)
+static int process_haves_and_send_acks(struct upload_pack_data *data,
+				       struct object_array *have_obj,
+				       struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	struct oid_array common = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct strbuf response = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	process_haves(&data->haves, &common);
+	process_haves(&data->haves, &common, have_obj);
 	if (data->done) {
 		ret = 1;
-	} else if (send_acks(&common, &response)) {
+	} else if (send_acks(&common, &response, have_obj, want_obj)) {
 		packet_buf_delim(&response);
 		ret = 1;
 	} else {
@@ -1368,7 +1386,8 @@
 	packet_delim(1);
 }
 
-static void send_shallow_info(struct upload_pack_data *data)
+static void send_shallow_info(struct upload_pack_data *data,
+			      struct object_array *want_obj)
 {
 	/* No shallow info needs to be sent */
 	if (!data->depth && !data->deepen_rev_list && !data->shallows.nr &&
@@ -1379,9 +1398,10 @@
 
 	if (!send_shallow_list(data->depth, data->deepen_rev_list,
 			       data->deepen_since, &data->deepen_not,
-			       &data->shallows) &&
+			       &data->shallows, want_obj) &&
 	    is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
-		deepen(INFINITE_DEPTH, data->deepen_relative, &data->shallows);
+		deepen(INFINITE_DEPTH, data->deepen_relative, &data->shallows,
+		       want_obj);
 
 	packet_delim(1);
 }
@@ -1398,6 +1418,10 @@
 {
 	enum fetch_state state = FETCH_PROCESS_ARGS;
 	struct upload_pack_data data;
+	struct object_array have_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct object_array want_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	clear_object_flags(ALL_FLAGS);
 
 	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 
@@ -1407,7 +1431,7 @@
 	while (state != FETCH_DONE) {
 		switch (state) {
 		case FETCH_PROCESS_ARGS:
-			process_args(request, &data);
+			process_args(request, &data, &want_obj);
 
 			if (!want_obj.nr) {
 				/*
@@ -1429,17 +1453,18 @@
 			}
 			break;
 		case FETCH_SEND_ACKS:
-			if (process_haves_and_send_acks(&data))
+			if (process_haves_and_send_acks(&data, &have_obj,
+							&want_obj))
 				state = FETCH_SEND_PACK;
 			else
 				state = FETCH_DONE;
 			break;
 		case FETCH_SEND_PACK:
 			send_wanted_ref_info(&data);
-			send_shallow_info(&data);
+			send_shallow_info(&data, &want_obj);
 
 			packet_write_fmt(1, "packfile\n");
-			create_pack_file();
+			create_pack_file(&have_obj, &want_obj);
 			state = FETCH_DONE;
 			break;
 		case FETCH_DONE:
@@ -1448,6 +1473,8 @@
 	}
 
 	upload_pack_data_clear(&data);
+	object_array_clear(&have_obj);
+	object_array_clear(&want_obj);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
index d074c1b..9e9e2a2 100644
--- a/wildmatch.c
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@
 					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
 						return WM_MATCH;
 					match_slash = 1;
-				} else
-					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+				} else /* WM_PATHNAME is set */
+					match_slash = 0;
 			} else
 				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
 				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
index b8c826a..5993696 100644
--- a/wildmatch.h
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #define WM_CASEFOLD 1
 #define WM_PATHNAME 2
 
-#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
 #define WM_NOMATCH 1
 #define WM_MATCH 0
 #define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
diff --git a/worktree.c b/worktree.c
index b0d0b54..d6a0ee7 100644
--- a/worktree.c
+++ b/worktree.c
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
 	return !wt->id;
 }
 
-const char *is_worktree_locked(struct worktree *wt)
+const char *worktree_lock_reason(struct worktree *wt)
 {
 	assert(!is_main_worktree(wt));
 
@@ -487,6 +487,75 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int parse_worktree_ref(const char *worktree_ref, const char **name,
+		       int *name_length, const char **ref)
+{
+	if (skip_prefix(worktree_ref, "main-worktree/", &worktree_ref)) {
+		if (!*worktree_ref)
+			return -1;
+		if (name)
+			*name = NULL;
+		if (name_length)
+			*name_length = 0;
+		if (ref)
+			*ref = worktree_ref;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(worktree_ref, "worktrees/", &worktree_ref)) {
+		const char *slash = strchr(worktree_ref, '/');
+
+		if (!slash || slash == worktree_ref || !slash[1])
+			return -1;
+		if (name)
+			*name = worktree_ref;
+		if (name_length)
+			*name_length = slash - worktree_ref;
+		if (ref)
+			*ref = slash + 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void strbuf_worktree_ref(const struct worktree *wt,
+			 struct strbuf *sb,
+			 const char *refname)
+{
+	switch (ref_type(refname)) {
+	case REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF:
+	case REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE:
+		if (wt && !wt->is_current) {
+			if (is_main_worktree(wt))
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, "main-worktree/");
+			else
+				strbuf_addf(sb, "worktrees/%s/", wt->id);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
+	case REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF:
+		break;
+
+	case REF_TYPE_NORMAL:
+		/*
+		 * For shared refs, don't prefix worktrees/ or
+		 * main-worktree/. It's not necessary and
+		 * files-backend.c can't handle it anyway.
+		 */
+		break;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, refname);
+}
+
+const char *worktree_ref(const struct worktree *wt, const char *refname)
+{
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_worktree_ref(wt, &sb, refname);
+	return sb.buf;
+}
+
 int other_head_refs(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct worktree **worktrees, **p;
@@ -495,13 +564,17 @@
 	worktrees = get_worktrees(0);
 	for (p = worktrees; *p; p++) {
 		struct worktree *wt = *p;
-		struct ref_store *refs;
+		struct object_id oid;
+		int flag;
 
 		if (wt->is_current)
 			continue;
 
-		refs = get_worktree_ref_store(wt);
-		ret = refs_head_ref(refs, fn, cb_data);
+		if (!refs_read_ref_full(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+					worktree_ref(wt, "HEAD"),
+					RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					&oid, &flag))
+			ret = fn(worktree_ref(wt, "HEAD"), &oid, flag, cb_data);
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 	}
diff --git a/worktree.h b/worktree.h
index df3fc30..9e3b0b7 100644
--- a/worktree.h
+++ b/worktree.h
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
 	char *path;
 	char *id;
 	char *head_ref;		/* NULL if HEAD is broken or detached */
-	char *lock_reason;	/* internal use */
+	char *lock_reason;	/* private - use worktree_lock_reason */
 	struct object_id head_oid;
 	int is_detached;
 	int is_bare;
 	int is_current;
-	int lock_reason_valid;
+	int lock_reason_valid; /* private */
 };
 
 /* Functions for acting on the information about worktrees. */
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
  * Return the reason string if the given worktree is locked or NULL
  * otherwise.
  */
-extern const char *is_worktree_locked(struct worktree *wt);
+extern const char *worktree_lock_reason(struct worktree *wt);
 
 #define WT_VALIDATE_WORKTREE_MISSING_OK (1 << 0)
 
@@ -108,4 +108,28 @@
 				     const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
+/*
+ * Parse a worktree ref (i.e. with prefix main-worktree/ or
+ * worktrees/) and return the position of the worktree's name and
+ * length (or NULL and zero if it's main worktree), and ref.
+ *
+ * All name, name_length and ref arguments could be NULL.
+ */
+int parse_worktree_ref(const char *worktree_ref, const char **name,
+		       int *name_length, const char **ref);
+
+/*
+ * Return a refname suitable for access from the current ref store.
+ */
+void strbuf_worktree_ref(const struct worktree *wt,
+			 struct strbuf *sb,
+			 const char *refname);
+
+/*
+ * Return a refname suitable for access from the current ref
+ * store. The result will be destroyed at the next call.
+ */
+const char *worktree_ref(const struct worktree *wt,
+			 const char *refname);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 187568a..a247113 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -1559,6 +1559,7 @@
 	struct object_id oid;
 
 	if (!stat(git_path_merge_head(the_repository), &st)) {
+		wt_status_check_rebase(NULL, state);
 		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
 	} else if (wt_status_check_rebase(NULL, state)) {
 		;		/* all set */
@@ -1583,9 +1584,13 @@
 	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 	struct wt_status_state *state = &s->state;
 
-	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+	if (state->merge_in_progress) {
+		if (state->rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+			show_rebase_information(s, state_color);
+			fputs("\n", s->fp);
+		}
 		show_merge_in_progress(s, state_color);
-	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+	} else if (state->am_in_progress)
 		show_am_in_progress(s, state_color);
 	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
 		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state_color);
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.c b/xdiff-interface.c
index e7af95d..80f060d 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.c
+++ b/xdiff-interface.c
@@ -9,56 +9,28 @@
 #include "xdiff/xutils.h"
 
 struct xdiff_emit_state {
-	xdiff_emit_consume_fn consume;
+	xdiff_emit_hunk_fn hunk_fn;
+	xdiff_emit_line_fn line_fn;
 	void *consume_callback_data;
 	struct strbuf remainder;
 };
 
-static int parse_num(char **cp_p, int *num_p)
+static int xdiff_out_hunk(void *priv_,
+			  long old_begin, long old_nr,
+			  long new_begin, long new_nr,
+			  const char *func, long funclen)
 {
-	char *cp = *cp_p;
-	int num = 0;
+	struct xdiff_emit_state *priv = priv_;
 
-	while ('0' <= *cp && *cp <= '9')
-		num = num * 10 + *cp++ - '0';
-	if (!(cp - *cp_p))
-		return -1;
-	*cp_p = cp;
-	*num_p = num;
+	if (priv->remainder.len)
+		BUG("xdiff emitted hunk in the middle of a line");
+
+	priv->hunk_fn(priv->consume_callback_data,
+		      old_begin, old_nr, new_begin, new_nr,
+		      func, funclen);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
-		      int *ob, int *on,
-		      int *nb, int *nn)
-{
-	char *cp;
-	cp = line + 4;
-	if (parse_num(&cp, ob)) {
-	bad_line:
-		return error("malformed diff output: %s", line);
-	}
-	if (*cp == ',') {
-		cp++;
-		if (parse_num(&cp, on))
-			goto bad_line;
-	}
-	else
-		*on = 1;
-	if (*cp++ != ' ' || *cp++ != '+')
-		goto bad_line;
-	if (parse_num(&cp, nb))
-		goto bad_line;
-	if (*cp == ',') {
-		cp++;
-		if (parse_num(&cp, nn))
-			goto bad_line;
-	}
-	else
-		*nn = 1;
-	return -!!memcmp(cp, " @@", 3);
-}
-
 static void consume_one(void *priv_, char *s, unsigned long size)
 {
 	struct xdiff_emit_state *priv = priv_;
@@ -67,7 +39,7 @@
 		unsigned long this_size;
 		ep = memchr(s, '\n', size);
 		this_size = (ep == NULL) ? size : (ep - s + 1);
-		priv->consume(priv->consume_callback_data, s, this_size);
+		priv->line_fn(priv->consume_callback_data, s, this_size);
 		size -= this_size;
 		s += this_size;
 	}
@@ -78,6 +50,9 @@
 	struct xdiff_emit_state *priv = priv_;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!priv->line_fn)
+		return 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
 		if (mb[i].ptr[mb[i].size-1] != '\n') {
 			/* Incomplete line */
@@ -140,8 +115,16 @@
 	return xdl_diff(&a, &b, xpp, xecfg, xecb);
 }
 
+void discard_hunk_line(void *priv,
+		       long ob, long on, long nb, long nn,
+		       const char *func, long funclen)
+{
+}
+
 int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		  xdiff_emit_hunk_fn hunk_fn,
+		  xdiff_emit_line_fn line_fn,
+		  void *consume_callback_data,
 		  xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -149,10 +132,13 @@
 	xdemitcb_t ecb;
 
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
-	state.consume = fn;
+	state.hunk_fn = hunk_fn;
+	state.line_fn = line_fn;
 	state.consume_callback_data = consume_callback_data;
 	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
-	ecb.outf = xdiff_outf;
+	if (hunk_fn)
+		ecb.out_hunk = xdiff_out_hunk;
+	ecb.out_line = xdiff_outf;
 	ecb.priv = &state;
 	strbuf_init(&state.remainder, 0);
 	ret = xdi_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xecfg, &ecb);
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.h b/xdiff-interface.h
index 135fc05..2d41fff 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.h
+++ b/xdiff-interface.h
@@ -11,15 +11,18 @@
  */
 #define MAX_XDIFF_SIZE (1024UL * 1024 * 1023)
 
-typedef void (*xdiff_emit_consume_fn)(void *, char *, unsigned long);
+typedef void (*xdiff_emit_line_fn)(void *, char *, unsigned long);
+typedef void (*xdiff_emit_hunk_fn)(void *data,
+				   long old_begin, long old_nr,
+				   long new_begin, long new_nr,
+				   const char *func, long funclen);
 
 int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
 int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		  xdiff_emit_hunk_fn hunk_fn,
+		  xdiff_emit_line_fn line_fn,
+		  void *consume_callback_data,
 		  xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
-int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
-		      int *ob, int *on,
-		      int *nb, int *nn);
 int read_mmfile(mmfile_t *ptr, const char *filename);
 void read_mmblob(mmfile_t *ptr, const struct object_id *oid);
 int buffer_is_binary(const char *ptr, unsigned long size);
@@ -30,6 +33,14 @@
 extern int git_xmerge_style;
 
 /*
+ * Can be used as a no-op hunk_fn for xdi_diff_outf(), since a NULL
+ * one just sends the hunk line to the line_fn callback).
+ */
+void discard_hunk_line(void *priv,
+		       long ob, long on, long nb, long nn,
+		       const char *func, long funclen);
+
+/*
  * Compare the strings l1 with l2 which are of size s1 and s2 respectively.
  * Returns 1 if the strings are deemed equal, 0 otherwise.
  * The `flags` given as XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS determine how white spaces
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 2356da5..b158369 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -86,7 +86,11 @@
 
 typedef struct s_xdemitcb {
 	void *priv;
-	int (*outf)(void *, mmbuffer_t *, int);
+	int (*out_hunk)(void *,
+			long old_begin, long old_nr,
+			long new_begin, long new_nr,
+			const char *func, long funclen);
+	int (*out_line)(void *, mmbuffer_t *, int);
 } xdemitcb_t;
 
 typedef long (*find_func_t)(const char *line, long line_len, char *buffer, long buffer_size, void *priv);
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
index 88e5995..963e1c5 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.c
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 		mb[2].size = strlen(mb[2].ptr);
 		i++;
 	}
-	if (ecb->outf(ecb->priv, mb, i) < 0) {
+	if (ecb->out_line(ecb->priv, mb, i) < 0) {
 
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -344,8 +344,9 @@
 	return str - out;
 }
 
-int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
-		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+static int xdl_format_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
+			       const char *func, long funclen,
+			       xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	int nb = 0;
 	mmbuffer_t mb;
 	char buf[128];
@@ -387,9 +388,21 @@
 
 	mb.ptr = buf;
 	mb.size = nb;
-	if (ecb->outf(ecb->priv, &mb, 1) < 0)
+	if (ecb->out_line(ecb->priv, &mb, 1) < 0)
 		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
+int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
+		      const char *func, long funclen,
+		      xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+	if (!ecb->out_hunk)
+		return xdl_format_hunk_hdr(s1, c1, s2, c2, func, funclen, ecb);
+	if (ecb->out_hunk(ecb->priv,
+			  c1 ? s1 : s1 - 1, c1,
+			  c2 ? s2 : s2 - 1, c2,
+			  func, funclen) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return 0;
 }