Documentation/git-branch.txt - git - Git at Google

 git-branch(1)
 =============

 NAME
 ----
 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches

 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
 	[--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
 	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
 'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------

 If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
 branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
 asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
 and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
 is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
 matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
 it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
 `<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
 as branch creation.

 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
 named commit).  With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named
 commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are reachable from the named
 commit) will be listed.  With `--no-merged` only branches not merged into
 the named commit will be listed.  If the <commit> argument is missing it
 defaults to 'HEAD' (i.e. the tip of the current branch).

 The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
 which points to the current 'HEAD', or <start-point> if given.

 Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.

 When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
 branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
 changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.

 With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
 <newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
 renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
 to happen.

 With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted.  You may
 specify more than one branch for deletion.  If the branch currently
 has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.

 Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
 only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
 in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
 them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
 way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.


 OPTIONS
 -------
 -d::
 --delete::
 	Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
 	upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
 	`--track` or `--set-upstream`.

 -D::
 	Delete a branch irrespective of its merged status.

 -l::
 --create-reflog::
 	Create the branch's reflog.  This activates recording of
 	all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
 	based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
 	Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
 	enabled by default by the `core.logallrefupdates` config option.

 -f::
 --force::
 	Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
 	already. Without `-f` 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.

 -m::
 --move::
 	Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.

 -M::
 	Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists.

 --color[=<when>]::
 	Color branches to highlight current, local, and
 	remote-tracking branches.
 	The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.

 --no-color::
 	Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
 	default to color output.
 	Same as `--color=never`.

 --column[=<options>]::
 --no-column::
 	Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
 	column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
 	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
 +
 This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.

 -r::
 --remotes::
 	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.

 -a::
 --all::
 	List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.

 --list::
 	Activate the list mode. `git branch <pattern>` would try to create a branch,
 	use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches.

 -v::
 -vv::
 --verbose::
 	When in list mode,
 	show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
 	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
 	the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote
 	show <remote>`).

 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
 	non-error messages.

 --abbrev=<length>::
 	Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
 	The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev`
 	config option.

 --no-abbrev::
 	Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.

 -t::
 --track::
 	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
 	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
 	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
 	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
 	it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
 	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
 +
 This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
 Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
 want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
 were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
 start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.

 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
 	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.

 --set-upstream::
 	If specified branch does not exist yet or if `--force` has been
 	given, acts exactly like `--track`. Otherwise sets up configuration
 	like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where
 	branch points to is not changed.

 -u <upstream>::
 --set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
 	Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
 	considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
 	is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.

 --unset-upstream::
 	Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
 	is specified it defaults to the current branch.

 --edit-description::
 	Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
 	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`).

 --contains [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
 	if not specified). Implies `--list`.

 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
 	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.

 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
 	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.

 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
 	The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.

 <start-point>::
 	The new branch head will point to this commit.  It may be
 	given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag.  If this
 	option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.

 <oldbranch>::
 	The name of an existing branch to rename.

 <newbranch>::
 	The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
 	<branchname> apply.


 Examples
 --------

 Start development from a known tag::
 +
 ------------
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
 $ cd my2.6
 $ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14   <1>
 $ git checkout my2.6.14
 ------------
 +
 <1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
 "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".

 Delete an unneeded branch::
 +
 ------------
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
 $ cd my.git
 $ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man   <1>
 $ git branch -D test                                    <2>
 ------------
 +
 <1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
 'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
 See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 <2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
 is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.


 Notes
 -----

 If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
 easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
 a branch and check it out with a single command.

 The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve three related
 but different purposes:

 - `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
   special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
   branches contain the specified <commit>.

 - `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
   since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.

 - `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
   into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.

 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
 linkgit:git-fetch[1],
 linkgit:git-remote[1],
 link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
 a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.

 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
	git-branch(1)
	=============

	NAME
	----
	git-branch - List, create, or delete branches

	SYNOPSIS
	--------
	[verse]
	'git branch' [--color[=<when>] \| --no-color] [-r \| -a]
	[--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> \| --no-abbrev]]
	[--column[=<options>] \| --no-column]
	[(--merged \| --no-merged \| --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
	'git branch' [--set-upstream \| --track \| --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
	'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> \| -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
	'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
	'git branch' (-m \| -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
	'git branch' (-d \| -D) [-r] <branchname>...
	'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]

	DESCRIPTION
	-----------

	If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
	branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
	asterisk. Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
	and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
	is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
	matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
	it matches any of the patterns. Note that when providing a
	`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
	as branch creation.

	With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
	(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
	named commit). With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named
	commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are reachable from the named
	commit) will be listed. With `--no-merged` only branches not merged into
	the named commit will be listed. If the <commit> argument is missing it
	defaults to 'HEAD' (i.e. the tip of the current branch).

	The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
	which points to the current 'HEAD', or <start-point> if given.

	Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
	working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
	new branch.

	When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
	branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
	the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
	`branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
	overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
	changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.

	With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
	If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
	<newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
	renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
	to happen.

	With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may
	specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently
	has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.

	Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
	only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
	in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
	them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
	way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.


	OPTIONS
	-------
	-d::
	--delete::
	Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
	upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
	`--track` or `--set-upstream`.

	-D::
	Delete a branch irrespective of its merged status.

	-l::
	--create-reflog::
	Create the branch's reflog. This activates recording of
	all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
	based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
	Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
	enabled by default by the `core.logallrefupdates` config option.

	-f::
	--force::
	Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
	already. Without `-f` 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.

	-m::
	--move::
	Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.

	-M::
	Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists.

	--color[=<when>]::
	Color branches to highlight current, local, and
	remote-tracking branches.
	The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.

	--no-color::
	Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
	default to color output.
	Same as `--color=never`.

	--column[=<options>]::
	--no-column::
	Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
	column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
	+
	This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.

	-r::
	--remotes::
	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.

	-a::
	--all::
	List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.

	--list::
	Activate the list mode. `git branch <pattern>` would try to create a branch,
	use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches.

	-v::
	-vv::
	--verbose::
	When in list mode,
	show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
	the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote
	show <remote>`).

	-q::
	--quiet::
	Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
	non-error messages.

	--abbrev=<length>::
	Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
	The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev`
	config option.

	--no-abbrev::
	Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.

	-t::
	--track::
	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
	it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
	+
	This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
	Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
	want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
	were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
	start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.

	--no-track::
	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.

	--set-upstream::
	If specified branch does not exist yet or if `--force` has been
	given, acts exactly like `--track`. Otherwise sets up configuration
	like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where
	branch points to is not changed.

	-u <upstream>::
	--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
	Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
	considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
	is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.

	--unset-upstream::
	Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
	is specified it defaults to the current branch.

	--edit-description::
	Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`).

	--contains [<commit>]::
	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
	if not specified). Implies `--list`.

	--merged [<commit>]::
	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.

	--no-merged [<commit>]::
	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.

	<branchname>::
	The name of the branch to create or delete.
	The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
	may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.

	<start-point>::
	The new branch head will point to this commit. It may be
	given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag. If this
	option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.

	<oldbranch>::
	The name of an existing branch to rename.

	<newbranch>::
	The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
	<branchname> apply.


	Examples
	--------

	Start development from a known tag::
	+
	------------
	$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
	$ cd my2.6
	$ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
	$ git checkout my2.6.14
	------------
	+
	<1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
	"checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".

	Delete an unneeded branch::
	+
	------------
	$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
	$ cd my.git
	$ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <1>
	$ git branch -D test <2>
	------------
	+
	<1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
	'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
	See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
	<2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
	is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.


	Notes
	-----

	If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
	easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
	a branch and check it out with a single command.

	The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve three related
	but different purposes:

	- `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
	special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
	branches contain the specified <commit>.

	- `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
	since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.

	- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
	into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.

	SEE ALSO
	--------
	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
	linkgit:git-fetch[1],
	linkgit:git-remote[1],
	link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
	a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.

	GIT
	---
	Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite