|  | git-commit-tree(1) | 
|  | ================== | 
|  |  | 
|  | NAME | 
|  | ---- | 
|  | git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object | 
|  |  | 
|  |  | 
|  | SYNOPSIS | 
|  | -------- | 
|  | [verse] | 
|  | 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] | 
|  | 'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...] | 
|  | [(-F <file>)...] <tree> | 
|  |  | 
|  |  | 
|  | DESCRIPTION | 
|  | ----------- | 
|  | This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly.  See | 
|  | linkgit:git-commit[1] instead. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and | 
|  | emits the new commit object id on stdout. The log message is read | 
|  | from the standard input, unless `-m` or `-F` options are given. | 
|  |  | 
|  | A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one | 
|  | parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes | 
|  | the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root) | 
|  | commits have no parents. | 
|  |  | 
|  | While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working | 
|  | directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how | 
|  | to get there. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git | 
|  | doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we | 
|  | tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by | 
|  | `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed | 
|  | state was. | 
|  |  | 
|  | OPTIONS | 
|  | ------- | 
|  | <tree>:: | 
|  | An existing tree object | 
|  |  | 
|  | -p <parent>:: | 
|  | Each `-p` indicates the id of a parent commit object. | 
|  |  | 
|  | -m <message>:: | 
|  | A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than | 
|  | once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph. | 
|  |  | 
|  | -F <file>:: | 
|  | Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read | 
|  | from the standard input. | 
|  |  | 
|  | -S[<keyid>]:: | 
|  | --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: | 
|  | GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and | 
|  | defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be | 
|  | stuck to the option without a space. | 
|  |  | 
|  | --no-gpg-sign:: | 
|  | Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a `--gpg-sign` option | 
|  | given earlier on the command line. | 
|  |  | 
|  |  | 
|  | Commit Information | 
|  | ------------------ | 
|  |  | 
|  | A commit encapsulates: | 
|  |  | 
|  | - all parent object ids | 
|  | - author name, email and date | 
|  | - committer name and email and the commit time. | 
|  |  | 
|  | While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and | 
|  | committer information is taken from the following environment variables, | 
|  | if set: | 
|  |  | 
|  | GIT_AUTHOR_NAME | 
|  | GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL | 
|  | GIT_AUTHOR_DATE | 
|  | GIT_COMMITTER_NAME | 
|  | GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL | 
|  | GIT_COMMITTER_DATE | 
|  |  | 
|  | (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped) | 
|  |  | 
|  | In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information | 
|  | is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not | 
|  | present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set, | 
|  | system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken | 
|  | from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when | 
|  | that file does not exist). | 
|  |  | 
|  | A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog | 
|  | entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait | 
|  | for one to be entered and terminated with ^D. | 
|  |  | 
|  | include::date-formats.txt[] | 
|  |  | 
|  | Discussion | 
|  | ---------- | 
|  |  | 
|  | include::i18n.txt[] | 
|  |  | 
|  | FILES | 
|  | ----- | 
|  | /etc/mailname | 
|  |  | 
|  | SEE ALSO | 
|  | -------- | 
|  | linkgit:git-write-tree[1] | 
|  |  | 
|  | GIT | 
|  | --- | 
|  | Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |