blob: 26d11d8219418dd56d95c6025802d78b3c53fc52 [file] [log] [blame]
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
* elf.c - ELF access library
*
* Adapted from kpatch (https://github.com/dynup/kpatch):
* Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
* Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "builtin.h"
#include "elf.h"
#include "warn.h"
#define MAX_NAME_LEN 128
static inline u32 str_hash(const char *str)
{
return jhash(str, strlen(str), 0);
}
static inline int elf_hash_bits(void)
{
return vmlinux ? ELF_HASH_BITS : 16;
}
#define elf_hash_add(hashtable, node, key) \
hlist_add_head(node, &hashtable[hash_min(key, elf_hash_bits())])
static void elf_hash_init(struct hlist_head *table)
{
__hash_init(table, 1U << elf_hash_bits());
}
#define elf_hash_for_each_possible(name, obj, member, key) \
hlist_for_each_entry(obj, &name[hash_min(key, elf_hash_bits())], member)
static void rb_add(struct rb_root *tree, struct rb_node *node,
int (*cmp)(struct rb_node *, const struct rb_node *))
{
struct rb_node **link = &tree->rb_node;
struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
while (*link) {
parent = *link;
if (cmp(node, parent) < 0)
link = &parent->rb_left;
else
link = &parent->rb_right;
}
rb_link_node(node, parent, link);
rb_insert_color(node, tree);
}
static struct rb_node *rb_find_first(const struct rb_root *tree, const void *key,
int (*cmp)(const void *key, const struct rb_node *))
{
struct rb_node *node = tree->rb_node;
struct rb_node *match = NULL;
while (node) {
int c = cmp(key, node);
if (c <= 0) {
if (!c)
match = node;
node = node->rb_left;
} else if (c > 0) {
node = node->rb_right;
}
}
return match;
}
static struct rb_node *rb_next_match(struct rb_node *node, const void *key,
int (*cmp)(const void *key, const struct rb_node *))
{
node = rb_next(node);
if (node && cmp(key, node))
node = NULL;
return node;
}
#define rb_for_each(tree, node, key, cmp) \
for ((node) = rb_find_first((tree), (key), (cmp)); \
(node); (node) = rb_next_match((node), (key), (cmp)))
static int symbol_to_offset(struct rb_node *a, const struct rb_node *b)
{
struct symbol *sa = rb_entry(a, struct symbol, node);
struct symbol *sb = rb_entry(b, struct symbol, node);
if (sa->offset < sb->offset)
return -1;
if (sa->offset > sb->offset)
return 1;
if (sa->len < sb->len)
return -1;
if (sa->len > sb->len)
return 1;
sa->alias = sb;
return 0;
}
static int symbol_by_offset(const void *key, const struct rb_node *node)
{
const struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
const unsigned long *o = key;
if (*o < s->offset)
return -1;
if (*o >= s->offset + s->len)
return 1;
return 0;
}
struct section *find_section_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
{
struct section *sec;
elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->section_name_hash, sec, name_hash, str_hash(name))
if (!strcmp(sec->name, name))
return sec;
return NULL;
}
static struct section *find_section_by_index(struct elf *elf,
unsigned int idx)
{
struct section *sec;
elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->section_hash, sec, hash, idx)
if (sec->idx == idx)
return sec;
return NULL;
}
static struct symbol *find_symbol_by_index(struct elf *elf, unsigned int idx)
{
struct symbol *sym;
elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->symbol_hash, sym, hash, idx)
if (sym->idx == idx)
return sym;
return NULL;
}
struct symbol *find_symbol_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
struct rb_node *node;
rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
if (s->offset == offset && s->type != STT_SECTION)
return s;
}
return NULL;
}
struct symbol *find_func_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
struct rb_node *node;
rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
if (s->offset == offset && s->type == STT_FUNC)
return s;
}
return NULL;
}
struct symbol *find_symbol_containing(const struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
struct rb_node *node;
rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
if (s->type != STT_SECTION)
return s;
}
return NULL;
}
struct symbol *find_func_containing(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
struct rb_node *node;
rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
if (s->type == STT_FUNC)
return s;
}
return NULL;
}
struct symbol *find_symbol_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
{
struct symbol *sym;
elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->symbol_name_hash, sym, name_hash, str_hash(name))
if (!strcmp(sym->name, name))
return sym;
return NULL;
}
struct rela *find_rela_by_dest_range(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
unsigned long offset, unsigned int len)
{
struct rela *rela, *r = NULL;
unsigned long o;
if (!sec->rela)
return NULL;
sec = sec->rela;
for_offset_range(o, offset, offset + len) {
elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->rela_hash, rela, hash,
sec_offset_hash(sec, o)) {
if (rela->sec != sec)
continue;
if (rela->offset >= offset && rela->offset < offset + len) {
if (!r || rela->offset < r->offset)
r = rela;
}
}
if (r)
return r;
}
return NULL;
}
struct rela *find_rela_by_dest(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
return find_rela_by_dest_range(elf, sec, offset, 1);
}
static int read_sections(struct elf *elf)
{
Elf_Scn *s = NULL;
struct section *sec;
size_t shstrndx, sections_nr;
int i;
if (elf_getshdrnum(elf->elf, &sections_nr)) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrnum");
return -1;
}
if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf->elf, &shstrndx)) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrstrndx");
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < sections_nr; i++) {
sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
if (!sec) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->rela_list);
s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, i);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return -1;
}
sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
return -1;
}
sec->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, shstrndx, sec->sh.sh_name);
if (!sec->name) {
WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
return -1;
}
if (sec->sh.sh_size != 0) {
sec->data = elf_getdata(s, NULL);
if (!sec->data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getdata");
return -1;
}
if (sec->data->d_off != 0 ||
sec->data->d_size != sec->sh.sh_size) {
WARN("unexpected data attributes for %s",
sec->name);
return -1;
}
}
sec->len = sec->sh.sh_size;
list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
elf_hash_add(elf->section_hash, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
elf_hash_add(elf->section_name_hash, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
}
if (stats)
printf("nr_sections: %lu\n", (unsigned long)sections_nr);
/* sanity check, one more call to elf_nextscn() should return NULL */
if (elf_nextscn(elf->elf, s)) {
WARN("section entry mismatch");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int read_symbols(struct elf *elf)
{
struct section *symtab, *symtab_shndx, *sec;
struct symbol *sym, *pfunc;
struct list_head *entry;
struct rb_node *pnode;
int symbols_nr, i;
char *coldstr;
Elf_Data *shndx_data = NULL;
Elf32_Word shndx;
symtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab");
if (!symtab) {
WARN("missing symbol table");
return -1;
}
symtab_shndx = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab_shndx");
if (symtab_shndx)
shndx_data = symtab_shndx->data;
symbols_nr = symtab->sh.sh_size / symtab->sh.sh_entsize;
for (i = 0; i < symbols_nr; i++) {
sym = malloc(sizeof(*sym));
if (!sym) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
memset(sym, 0, sizeof(*sym));
sym->alias = sym;
sym->idx = i;
if (!gelf_getsymshndx(symtab->data, shndx_data, i, &sym->sym,
&shndx)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getsymshndx");
goto err;
}
sym->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, symtab->sh.sh_link,
sym->sym.st_name);
if (!sym->name) {
WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
goto err;
}
sym->type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym->sym.st_info);
sym->bind = GELF_ST_BIND(sym->sym.st_info);
if ((sym->sym.st_shndx > SHN_UNDEF &&
sym->sym.st_shndx < SHN_LORESERVE) ||
(shndx_data && sym->sym.st_shndx == SHN_XINDEX)) {
if (sym->sym.st_shndx != SHN_XINDEX)
shndx = sym->sym.st_shndx;
sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, shndx);
if (!sym->sec) {
WARN("couldn't find section for symbol %s",
sym->name);
goto err;
}
if (sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
sym->name = sym->sec->name;
sym->sec->sym = sym;
}
} else
sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, 0);
sym->offset = sym->sym.st_value;
sym->len = sym->sym.st_size;
rb_add(&sym->sec->symbol_tree, &sym->node, symbol_to_offset);
pnode = rb_prev(&sym->node);
if (pnode)
entry = &rb_entry(pnode, struct symbol, node)->list;
else
entry = &sym->sec->symbol_list;
list_add(&sym->list, entry);
elf_hash_add(elf->symbol_hash, &sym->hash, sym->idx);
elf_hash_add(elf->symbol_name_hash, &sym->name_hash, str_hash(sym->name));
}
if (stats)
printf("nr_symbols: %lu\n", (unsigned long)symbols_nr);
/* Create parent/child links for any cold subfunctions */
list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
list_for_each_entry(sym, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
char pname[MAX_NAME_LEN + 1];
size_t pnamelen;
if (sym->type != STT_FUNC)
continue;
sym->pfunc = sym->cfunc = sym;
coldstr = strstr(sym->name, ".cold");
if (!coldstr)
continue;
pnamelen = coldstr - sym->name;
if (pnamelen > MAX_NAME_LEN) {
WARN("%s(): parent function name exceeds maximum length of %d characters",
sym->name, MAX_NAME_LEN);
return -1;
}
strncpy(pname, sym->name, pnamelen);
pname[pnamelen] = '\0';
pfunc = find_symbol_by_name(elf, pname);
if (!pfunc) {
WARN("%s(): can't find parent function",
sym->name);
return -1;
}
sym->pfunc = pfunc;
pfunc->cfunc = sym;
/*
* Unfortunately, -fnoreorder-functions puts the child
* inside the parent. Remove the overlap so we can
* have sane assumptions.
*
* Note that pfunc->len now no longer matches
* pfunc->sym.st_size.
*/
if (sym->sec == pfunc->sec &&
sym->offset >= pfunc->offset &&
sym->offset + sym->len == pfunc->offset + pfunc->len) {
pfunc->len -= sym->len;
}
}
}
return 0;
err:
free(sym);
return -1;
}
void elf_add_rela(struct elf *elf, struct rela *rela)
{
struct section *sec = rela->sec;
list_add_tail(&rela->list, &sec->rela_list);
elf_hash_add(elf->rela_hash, &rela->hash, rela_hash(rela));
}
static int read_relas(struct elf *elf)
{
struct section *sec;
struct rela *rela;
int i;
unsigned int symndx;
unsigned long nr_rela, max_rela = 0, tot_rela = 0;
list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
if (sec->sh.sh_type != SHT_RELA)
continue;
sec->base = find_section_by_name(elf, sec->name + 5);
if (!sec->base) {
WARN("can't find base section for rela section %s",
sec->name);
return -1;
}
sec->base->rela = sec;
nr_rela = 0;
for (i = 0; i < sec->sh.sh_size / sec->sh.sh_entsize; i++) {
rela = malloc(sizeof(*rela));
if (!rela) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
memset(rela, 0, sizeof(*rela));
if (!gelf_getrela(sec->data, i, &rela->rela)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getrela");
return -1;
}
rela->type = GELF_R_TYPE(rela->rela.r_info);
rela->addend = rela->rela.r_addend;
rela->offset = rela->rela.r_offset;
symndx = GELF_R_SYM(rela->rela.r_info);
rela->sec = sec;
rela->idx = i;
rela->sym = find_symbol_by_index(elf, symndx);
if (!rela->sym) {
WARN("can't find rela entry symbol %d for %s",
symndx, sec->name);
return -1;
}
elf_add_rela(elf, rela);
nr_rela++;
}
max_rela = max(max_rela, nr_rela);
tot_rela += nr_rela;
}
if (stats) {
printf("max_rela: %lu\n", max_rela);
printf("tot_rela: %lu\n", tot_rela);
}
return 0;
}
struct elf *elf_open_read(const char *name, int flags)
{
struct elf *elf;
Elf_Cmd cmd;
elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
elf = malloc(sizeof(*elf));
if (!elf) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
memset(elf, 0, offsetof(struct elf, sections));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elf->sections);
elf_hash_init(elf->symbol_hash);
elf_hash_init(elf->symbol_name_hash);
elf_hash_init(elf->section_hash);
elf_hash_init(elf->section_name_hash);
elf_hash_init(elf->rela_hash);
elf->fd = open(name, flags);
if (elf->fd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "objtool: Can't open '%s': %s\n",
name, strerror(errno));
goto err;
}
if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
cmd = ELF_C_READ_MMAP;
else if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDWR)
cmd = ELF_C_RDWR;
else /* O_WRONLY */
cmd = ELF_C_WRITE;
elf->elf = elf_begin(elf->fd, cmd, NULL);
if (!elf->elf) {
WARN_ELF("elf_begin");
goto err;
}
if (!gelf_getehdr(elf->elf, &elf->ehdr)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getehdr");
goto err;
}
if (read_sections(elf))
goto err;
if (read_symbols(elf))
goto err;
if (read_relas(elf))
goto err;
return elf;
err:
elf_close(elf);
return NULL;
}
struct section *elf_create_section(struct elf *elf, const char *name,
size_t entsize, int nr)
{
struct section *sec, *shstrtab;
size_t size = entsize * nr;
Elf_Scn *s;
Elf_Data *data;
sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
if (!sec) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->rela_list);
s = elf_newscn(elf->elf);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newscn");
return NULL;
}
sec->name = strdup(name);
if (!sec->name) {
perror("strdup");
return NULL;
}
sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
sec->len = size;
sec->changed = true;
sec->data = elf_newdata(s);
if (!sec->data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
return NULL;
}
sec->data->d_size = size;
sec->data->d_align = 1;
if (size) {
sec->data->d_buf = malloc(size);
if (!sec->data->d_buf) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
memset(sec->data->d_buf, 0, size);
}
if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
return NULL;
}
sec->sh.sh_size = size;
sec->sh.sh_entsize = entsize;
sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
sec->sh.sh_addralign = 1;
sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC;
/* Add section name to .shstrtab (or .strtab for Clang) */
shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".shstrtab");
if (!shstrtab)
shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".strtab");
if (!shstrtab) {
WARN("can't find .shstrtab or .strtab section");
return NULL;
}
s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, shstrtab->idx);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return NULL;
}
data = elf_newdata(s);
if (!data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
return NULL;
}
data->d_buf = sec->name;
data->d_size = strlen(name) + 1;
data->d_align = 1;
sec->sh.sh_name = shstrtab->len;
shstrtab->len += strlen(name) + 1;
shstrtab->changed = true;
list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
elf_hash_add(elf->section_hash, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
elf_hash_add(elf->section_name_hash, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
elf->changed = true;
return sec;
}
struct section *elf_create_rela_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *base)
{
char *relaname;
struct section *sec;
relaname = malloc(strlen(base->name) + strlen(".rela") + 1);
if (!relaname) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
strcpy(relaname, ".rela");
strcat(relaname, base->name);
sec = elf_create_section(elf, relaname, sizeof(GElf_Rela), 0);
free(relaname);
if (!sec)
return NULL;
base->rela = sec;
sec->base = base;
sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_RELA;
sec->sh.sh_addralign = 8;
sec->sh.sh_link = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab")->idx;
sec->sh.sh_info = base->idx;
sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_INFO_LINK;
return sec;
}
int elf_rebuild_rela_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec)
{
struct rela *rela;
int nr, idx = 0, size;
GElf_Rela *relas;
nr = 0;
list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list)
nr++;
size = nr * sizeof(*relas);
relas = malloc(size);
if (!relas) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
sec->changed = true;
elf->changed = true;
sec->data->d_buf = relas;
sec->data->d_size = size;
sec->sh.sh_size = size;
idx = 0;
list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
relas[idx].r_offset = rela->offset;
relas[idx].r_addend = rela->addend;
relas[idx].r_info = GELF_R_INFO(rela->sym->idx, rela->type);
idx++;
}
return 0;
}
int elf_write_insn(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
unsigned long offset, unsigned int len,
const char *insn)
{
Elf_Data *data = sec->data;
if (data->d_type != ELF_T_BYTE || data->d_off) {
WARN("write to unexpected data for section: %s", sec->name);
return -1;
}
memcpy(data->d_buf + offset, insn, len);
elf_flagdata(data, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
elf->changed = true;
return 0;
}
int elf_write_rela(struct elf *elf, struct rela *rela)
{
struct section *sec = rela->sec;
rela->rela.r_info = GELF_R_INFO(rela->sym->idx, rela->type);
rela->rela.r_addend = rela->addend;
rela->rela.r_offset = rela->offset;
if (!gelf_update_rela(sec->data, rela->idx, &rela->rela)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_update_rela");
return -1;
}
elf->changed = true;
return 0;
}
int elf_write(struct elf *elf)
{
struct section *sec;
Elf_Scn *s;
/* Update section headers for changed sections: */
list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
if (sec->changed) {
s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, sec->idx);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return -1;
}
if (!gelf_update_shdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_update_shdr");
return -1;
}
sec->changed = false;
}
}
/* Make sure the new section header entries get updated properly. */
elf_flagelf(elf->elf, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
/* Write all changes to the file. */
if (elf_update(elf->elf, ELF_C_WRITE) < 0) {
WARN_ELF("elf_update");
return -1;
}
elf->changed = false;
return 0;
}
void elf_close(struct elf *elf)
{
struct section *sec, *tmpsec;
struct symbol *sym, *tmpsym;
struct rela *rela, *tmprela;
if (elf->elf)
elf_end(elf->elf);
if (elf->fd > 0)
close(elf->fd);
list_for_each_entry_safe(sec, tmpsec, &elf->sections, list) {
list_for_each_entry_safe(sym, tmpsym, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
list_del(&sym->list);
hash_del(&sym->hash);
free(sym);
}
list_for_each_entry_safe(rela, tmprela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
list_del(&rela->list);
hash_del(&rela->hash);
free(rela);
}
list_del(&sec->list);
free(sec);
}
free(elf);
}