Documentation/git-log.adoc - git - Git at Google

 git-log(1)
 ==========

 NAME
 ----
 git-log - Show commit logs


 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [synopsis]
 git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]

 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Shows the commit logs.

 :git-log: 1
 include::rev-list-description.adoc[]

 The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
 the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
 each commit introduces are shown.


 OPTIONS
 -------

 `--follow`::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).

 `--no-decorate`::
 `--decorate[=(short|full|auto|no)]`::
 	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. Possible values
 	are:
 +
 ----
 `short`;; the ref name prefixes `refs/heads/`, `refs/tags/` and
 	`refs/remotes/` are not printed.
 `full`;; the full ref name (including prefix) is printed.
 `auto`:: if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
 	are shown as if `short` were given, otherwise no ref names are
 	shown.
 ----
 +
 The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`. Default to
 configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured, otherwise, `auto`.

 `--decorate-refs=<pattern>`::
 `--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>`::
 	For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it
 	matches any of the _<pattern>_ parameters given to
 	`--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it doesn't match any of the
 	_<pattern>_ parameters given to `--decorate-refs`.
 	The `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
 	the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
 	override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
 +
 If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are
 used as decoration if they match `HEAD`, `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`,
 `refs/stash/`, or `refs/tags/`.

 `--clear-decorations`::
 	When specified, this option clears all previous `--decorate-refs`
 	or `--decorate-refs-exclude` options and relaxes the default
 	decoration filter to include all references. This option is
 	assumed if the config value `log.initialDecorationSet` is set to
 	`all`.

 `--source`::
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.

 `--mailmap`::
 `--no-mailmap`::
 `--use-mailmap`::
 `--no-use-mailmap`::
 	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
 	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
 	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].

 `--full-diff`::
 	Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
 	paths.  With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
 	the specified paths; this means that "`<path>...`" limits only
 	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
 +
 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
 produced by `--stat`, etc.

 `--log-size`::
 	Include a line `log size <number>` in the output for each commit,
 	where _<number>_ is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
 	Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
 	output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.

 include::line-range-options.adoc[]

 _<revision-range>_::
 	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
 	_<revision-range>_ is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
 	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
 	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
 	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
 	ways to spell _<revision-range>_, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
 	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].

 `[--] <path>...`::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
 	that match the specified paths came to be.  See 'History
 	Simplification' below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.

 include::rev-list-options.adoc[]

 include::pretty-formats.adoc[]

 DIFF FORMATTING
 ---------------

 By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
 below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.

 Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
 `-m`, `-c`, `--cc`, and `--dd` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
 will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
 selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
 is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
 the default format for merge commits.

 :git-log: 1
 :diff-merges-default: `off`
 include::diff-options.adoc[]

 include::diff-generate-patch.adoc[]

 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git log --no-merges`::

 	Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges

 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::

 	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
 	in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories

 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::

 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file `gitk`.
 	The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
 	`gitk`

 `git log --name-status release..test`::

 	Show the commits that are in the "`test`" branch but not yet
 	in the "`release`" branch, along with the list of paths
 	each commit modifies.

 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::

 	Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
 	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
 	present name.

 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::

 	Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
 	any of remote-tracking branches for `origin` (what you have that
 	origin doesn't).

 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::

 	Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
 	repository master branches.

 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::

 	Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
 	``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
 	branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.

 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::

 	Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
 	over time.

 `git log -3`::

 	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.

 DISCUSSION
 ----------

 include::i18n.adoc[]

 CONFIGURATION
 -------------

 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
 for settings related to diff generation.

 `format.pretty`::
 	Default for the `--format` option.  (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
 	Defaults to `medium`.

 `i18n.logOutputEncoding`::
 	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See 'Discussion' above.)
 	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
 	otherwise.

 include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.adoc[]

 include::config/log.adoc[]

 include::config/notes.adoc[]

 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
	git-log(1)
	==========

	NAME
	----
	git-log - Show commit logs


	SYNOPSIS
	--------
	[synopsis]
	git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]

	DESCRIPTION
	-----------
	Shows the commit logs.

	:git-log: 1
	include::rev-list-description.adoc[]

	The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
	command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
	the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
	each commit introduces are shown.


	OPTIONS
	-------

	`--follow`::
	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
	(works only for a single file).

	`--no-decorate`::
	`--decorate[=(short\|full\|auto\|no)]`::
	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. Possible values
	are:
	+
	----
	`short`;; the ref name prefixes `refs/heads/`, `refs/tags/` and
	`refs/remotes/` are not printed.
	`full`;; the full ref name (including prefix) is printed.
	`auto`:: if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
	are shown as if `short` were given, otherwise no ref names are
	shown.
	----
	+
	The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`. Default to
	configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured, otherwise, `auto`.

	`--decorate-refs=<pattern>`::
	`--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>`::
	For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it
	matches any of the _<pattern>_ parameters given to
	`--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it doesn't match any of the
	_<pattern>_ parameters given to `--decorate-refs`.
	The `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
	the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
	override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
	+
	If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are
	used as decoration if they match `HEAD`, `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`,
	`refs/stash/`, or `refs/tags/`.

	`--clear-decorations`::
	When specified, this option clears all previous `--decorate-refs`
	or `--decorate-refs-exclude` options and relaxes the default
	decoration filter to include all references. This option is
	assumed if the config value `log.initialDecorationSet` is set to
	`all`.

	`--source`::
	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
	commit was reached.

	`--mailmap`::
	`--no-mailmap`::
	`--use-mailmap`::
	`--no-use-mailmap`::
	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].

	`--full-diff`::
	Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
	paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
	the specified paths; this means that "`<path>...`" limits only
	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
	+
	Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
	produced by `--stat`, etc.

	`--log-size`::
	Include a line `log size <number>` in the output for each commit,
	where _<number>_ is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
	Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
	output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.

	include::line-range-options.adoc[]

	_<revision-range>_::
	Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
	_<revision-range>_ is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
	whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
	ways to spell _<revision-range>_, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].

	`[--] <path>...`::
	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
	that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
	Simplification' below for details and other simplification
	modes.
	+
	Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
	options or the revision range, when confusion arises.

	include::rev-list-options.adoc[]

	include::pretty-formats.adoc[]

	DIFF FORMATTING
	---------------

	By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
	below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.

	Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
	`-m`, `-c`, `--cc`, and `--dd` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
	will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
	selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
	is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
	the default format for merge commits.

	:git-log: 1
	:diff-merges-default: `off`
	include::diff-options.adoc[]

	include::diff-generate-patch.adoc[]

	EXAMPLES
	--------
	`git log --no-merges`::

	Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges

	`git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::

	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
	in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories

	`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::

	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file `gitk`.
	The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the branch named
	`gitk`

	`git log --name-status release..test`::

	Show the commits that are in the "`test`" branch but not yet
	in the "`release`" branch, along with the list of paths
	each commit modifies.

	`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::

	Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
	present name.

	`git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::

	Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
	any of remote-tracking branches for `origin` (what you have that
	origin doesn't).

	`git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::

	Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
	repository master branches.

	`git log -p -m --first-parent`::

	Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
	``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
	branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.

	`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::

	Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
	over time.

	`git log -3`::

	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.

	DISCUSSION
	----------

	include::i18n.adoc[]

	CONFIGURATION
	-------------

	See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
	for settings related to diff generation.

	`format.pretty`::
	Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
	Defaults to `medium`.

	`i18n.logOutputEncoding`::
	Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
	otherwise.

	include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.adoc[]

	include::config/log.adoc[]

	include::config/notes.adoc[]

	GIT
	---
	Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite